Growli

Plants for…

7226 best plants for a cold or unheated room

Tropical houseplants stall when a room runs cool — the species that handle it are either rated hardy in a UK winter (RHS H3+) or so drought-tolerant they accept the slowed-down watering a cool room imposes.

How this list is built: an RHS rating of H3 or hardier, OR documented drought-tolerant watering — the two signals that a plant will survive a cooler, more variable room— filtered from Growli's structured plant-care library, not hand-picked.

PlantLightWaterPets
3D Spider Mix OsteospermumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Abelia 'Edward Goucher'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing; mature plants are drought-tolerant and need water only in prolonged dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Abelia 'Kaleidoscope'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment, then only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Abelia 'Rose Creek'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then occasional deep watering in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Abelia chinensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly through the first season, then mainly during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Abelia x grandifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep soak in the first season, then only during prolonged dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Abiqua Drinking Gourd HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
AbiuDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry out, around every 4-7 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Abyssinian PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Açaí PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water whenever the surface starts to dry, often every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Acer capillipesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water deeply weekly while establishing; supplement in summer droughtsPet-safe
Acer griseumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply weekly while establishing; supplement in summer droughtsPet-safe
Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply in dry spellsPet-safe
Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply through dry weatherPet-safe
Acer palmatum 'Butterfly'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist, more often in pots and heatPet-safe
Acer palmatum 'Dissectum'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist, more often in pots and heatPet-safe
Acer palmatum 'Garnet'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist, more often in pots and heatPet-safe
Acer palmatum 'Orangeola'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist, more often in containers and heatPet-safe
Acer rubrumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep soak weekly for the first two seasons; established trees rely on rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Acer rubrum 'Autumn Blaze'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; deep watering in droughts thereafterPet-safe
Acer rubrum 'October Glory'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; deep watering in dry spells thereafterPet-safe
AcerolaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
AchachairuBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water abundantly and consistently year-round; do not allow to dry out.Mildly toxic to pets
Achillea 'Terracotta'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry; roughly every 7-10 days while establishing, rarely once matureToxic to pets
Achillea millefolium 'Cerise Queen'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimeters of soil are dry, about every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Achillea ptarmica 'The Pearl'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm of soil dry out; roughly weekly, more in heatToxic to pets
Acorus gramineusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist to wet; never allow to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Acorus gramineus 'Variegatus'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist to wet at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Adagio Maiden GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first year, then mostly rainfall except in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Adagio Maiden GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for the first season; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Adiantum venustumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Adolphe Audusson camelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep consistently moist, especially during bud setMildly toxic to pets
Adolphe Audusson CamelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in the growing season; keep consistently moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Adriatic BellflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during spring and summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Adromischus CooperiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus CristatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus HemisphaericusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus MaculatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus MarianiaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus TrigynusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Aechmea recurvataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the small cup filled; refresh weekly and water mix when top few cm dryPet-safe
Aeonium CanarienseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aeonium Castello-Paivae 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aeonium DecorumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aeonium HaworthiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aeonium TabuliformeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aeonium VelourBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aerangis rhodostictaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mounted plants every 1-2 days in summer, every 2-4 days in winter; potted plants when the surface bark just begins to dryPet-safe
Aesculifolia RodgersiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Aesculus × carnea 'Briotii'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees weekly to establish, then rely on rainfallToxic to pets
Aesculus flavaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering every 7-10 days through the first two or three growing seasons; established trees rarely need irrigationToxic to pets
Aesculus hippocastanumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees weekly to establish, then rely on rainfallToxic to pets
Afghan IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in late winter to late spring; bone dry from midsummer to early autumnToxic to pets
African Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil feels barely moist, roughly every 5-8 days in growing seasonPet-safe
African CornflagDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the winter-spring growing season; none in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
African CrossandraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season, reducing to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
African feather grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks once established; more frequently when newly plantedPet-safe
African Fern PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
African KedrostisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in summer; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
African MangosteenDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when soil is almost fully dry; established trees tolerate drought.Mildly toxic to pets
African marigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly; allow top 2–3 cm of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
African Milk TreeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-2 weeks in spring/summer; roughly every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
African Oil PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-6 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 14-21 days in winterPet-safe
African Spear PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-4 weeks in summer and every 4-6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
African Star AppleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; maintain consistent moisture without waterloggingMildly toxic to pets
African TamariskDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; moderate during establishmentPet-safe
African Violet 'Blue Nile'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil feels barely dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
African YellowwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few cm of soil dry, roughly weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Afro Hard RushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water 1–2 times per week in warm weatherPet-safe
Agapanthus 'Headbourne Hybrids'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly through spring and summer growth; reduce sharply once foliage dies back in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Agapanthus 'Midnight Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while in growth and bud, more in containers; reduce as foliage dies backMildly toxic to pets
Agapanthus 'Navy Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth and budding; taper off as leaves die back in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Agapanthus africanus 'Albus'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly, roughly twice weekly in hot weather while growing; keep just moist in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth and budding; taper off as foliage dies back in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Agastache 'Black Adder'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Agastache 'Blue Fortune'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Agastache 'Kudos Coral'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply during the first season while establishing, then only in prolonged drought once matureMildly toxic to pets
Agave americanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Agave americana 'Marginata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Agave americana 'Mediopicta Alba'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Agave attenuataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few centimetres of soil are dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Agave bovicornutaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in growth, only when soil is fully dryMildly toxic to pets
Agave bracteosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, every 1-2 weeks in summer; sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Agave CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Agave chrysanthaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in growth, only when soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Agave colorataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in growth, only when soil is fully dryMildly toxic to pets
Agave desertiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3-4 weeks in growth, only when soil is bone dryMildly toxic to pets
Agave difformisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in growth when soil is dry, less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave filiferaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave geminifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave havardianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Agave isthmensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Agave lechuguillaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and rarely in winterToxic to pets
Agave lophanthaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave macroacanthaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Agave marmorataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Agave mitisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Agave montanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave multifiliferaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Agave nickelsiaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Agave nizandensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave ovatifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave palmeriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in the growing season, sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave parrasanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave parryiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Agave parryi 'Truncata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Agave parryi var. truncataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Agave pelonaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in summer, very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave potatorumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave schidigeraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave shreveiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in summer, sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave sobriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in summer, sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave striataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave strictaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave titanotaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave toumeyanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Agave utahensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, every 2-4 weeks in summer; little to none in winterToxic to pets
Agave victoriae-reginaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Agave victoriae-reginae 'Compacta'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave xylonacanthaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, every 2-3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Agave zebraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, every 2-4 weeks in summer; little to none in winterToxic to pets
Agave-Leaved Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — occasional deep watering during the first season, minimal thereafterPet-safe
Ageratum houstonianum 'Artist Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 daysToxic to pets
Ageratum houstonianum 'Blue Horizon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema Golden BayMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema HarlequinBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema LegacyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema MariaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema ModestumLow light (north window or shaded room)When top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema OsakaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema Pink DalmatianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema ProsperityMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema Silver BayLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema Silver QueenLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema Super WhiteMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema TigressLow light (north window or shaded room)When top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema WishesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Agnes RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering once a week, more in drought or first seasonPet-safe
Aizoon RosulariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 weeks in spring and summer; rarely in winterPet-safe
Akebia quinataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 4-5 cm of soil dries, about every 7-10 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Akebia trifoliataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 4-5 cm of soil dries, about every 7-10 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Alabama Lip FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Alan Fradd Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Establish with deep, infrequent waterings in the first season; drought-tolerant once established and needs no irrigation in typical UK summers.Mildly toxic to pets
Alaska Mix NasturtiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Albany CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks (allow full dry-down between waterings)Toxic to pets
Albert's Gold tree heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks in summer once establishedPet-safe
Albion Black Pod nigellaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly or as neededMildly toxic to pets
Albizia julibrissinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly during establishment, then only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Albizia julibrissin 'Rosea'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing, then only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Alcantarea imperialisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central tank filled; water the mix when its top 4-5 cm is dryPet-safe
Alcantarea odorataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central tank filled; water the mix when its top 4-5 cm is dryPet-safe
Alchemilla mollisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water in dry spells; established plants are drought-tolerant and need watering only occasionallyMildly toxic to pets
AlerceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist at all times; water deeply during any dry period and never allow droughtMildly toxic to pets
Aleutian Mountain HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; water whenever the top 2–3 cm of soil begins to dry.Mildly toxic to pets
Aleutian mountain heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist throughout the growing season; reduce slightly in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Algerian FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; highly drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Alisma plantago-aquaticaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constantly wet; shallow marginMildly toxic to pets
all gold Japanese forest grassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water 1-2 times weekly, more in dry or warm spellsMildly toxic to pets
Allegheny SpurgeLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly during the first 1–2 growing seasons; every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Allioni's PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderately during spring and summer; very sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Allium 'Firmament'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water at planting and during spring growth; keep dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Allium 'Gladiator'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during spring growth; keep dry in summer dormancy, every 2-3 weeks at most if drought-stressedToxic to pets
Allium 'Globemaster'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during spring growth; keep dry through summer dormancy, every 2-3 weeks at most if drought-stressedToxic to pets
Allium 'Hair'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water at planting then only in prolonged spring drought; keep dry once dormantToxic to pets
Allium 'Mount Everest'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water in spring growth; keep dry over summer dormancy, every 2-3 weeks at most if very dryToxic to pets
Allium 'Purple Sensation'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during active spring growth only; otherwise minimal, every 2-3 weeks if dryToxic to pets
Allium schubertiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water lightly in spring growth; keep very dry through summer dormancy, rarely if ever in summerToxic to pets
Alma Potschke asterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; reduce after floweringPet-safe
Alocasia 'Pink Dragon'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm (1 inch) of soil dries out — roughly every 5-7 days in summer, every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Alocasia BambinoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-10 days in the growing season; less in winterToxic to pets
Alocasia Cuprea Red SecretBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Alocasia Frydek (Green Velvet)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top third of the soil dries; roughly weekly in summer, fortnightly in winterToxic to pets
Alocasia Ivory CoastBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Alocasia LongilobaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthToxic to pets
Alocasia OdoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 4-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Alocasia PollyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Alocasia PortoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 4-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Alocasia SanderianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Alocasia StingrayBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly every 5-9 days in spring and summer; reduce to about every 2-3 weeks in winter.Toxic to pets
Alocasia TriangularisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthToxic to pets
Alocasia ZebrinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 7-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Aloe 'Blue Elf'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Aloe 'Delta Lights'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe 'Firebird'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Aloe 'Hercules'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Aloe 'Pink Blush'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe AculeataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe BurgersfortensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix has dried out, roughly every 2 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe CastillonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2 weeks in warm growthToxic to pets
Aloe ComosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when bone dry, roughly every 3 weeks in active growthToxic to pets
Aloe DorotheaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe ErinaceaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, every 2-3 weeks at most in growthToxic to pets
Aloe FeroxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe GariepensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe GlobuligemmaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe GreatheadiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is dry, roughly every 2 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe HereroensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone-dry throughout, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Aloe HumilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe KrapohlianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when soil is fully dry — roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth, very little in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Aloe MicrostigmaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about weekly in peak summer heatToxic to pets
Aloe MinimaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry, roughly every 2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe MitisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe PegleraeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe PetricolaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe PluridensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer for an established plantToxic to pets
Aloe RauhiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, roughly every 2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe ReitziiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and once a month or less in winterToxic to pets
Aloe RubroviolaceaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Aloe SecundifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in summer and once a month in winterToxic to pets
Aloe SpeciosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Aloe SuzannaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, roughly every 2 weeks in warm growth and monthly in cool weatherToxic to pets
Aloe ThraskiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Aloe TomentosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Aloe VanbaleniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Aloe veraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Aloe Vera 'Chinese'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe WickensiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Aloe-like NananthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Alonso's TurbinicarpusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; withhold almost entirely in winterPet-safe
Alphonse Karr BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during summer, approximately every 5–7 days; reduce in cooler months as growth slowsPet-safe
Alpine AsterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week in dry spells; rainfall usually sufficient when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Alpine AzaleaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep soil moistMildly toxic to pets
Alpine BalsamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days during growth; reduce after setting seedMildly toxic to pets
Alpine BartsiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water regularly to prevent drying outMildly toxic to pets
Alpine bearberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; keep soil moist but well-drained; water regularly during dry periodsPet-safe
Alpine ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium constantly damp in growth via a shallow tray; reduce sharply when the winter resting bud formsMildly toxic to pets
Alpine CampionBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — water during dry spells; ensure good drainageMildly toxic to pets
Alpine CinquefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Alpine ClematisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Alpine Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — allow soil surface to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Alpine Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week; more frequently in warm weatherPet-safe
Alpine LiverwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — water when the top centimetre of soil driesMildly toxic to pets
Alpine Mouse-earDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly — allow soil to dry between waterings; minimal winter moisturePet-safe
Alpine PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; water when the top 2 cm of soil are dryMildly toxic to pets
Alpine PuyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in summer, very sparing in winterMildly toxic to pets
Alpine Rock CressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Alpine Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow the top inch of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Alpine RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when in growth (spring–summer); very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Alpine Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during establishment and in extended dry spells; otherwise infrequentlyMildly toxic to pets
Alpine SquillMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water during growth; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Alpine ToadflaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; minimal in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Alpine TotaraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm of soil dry out, roughly weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Alpine Water FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 4-6 days in summerPet-safe
Alpine WoodsiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 1-2 weeks during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Altissimo RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the first season; established plants when the top 5 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Amalia's Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily to every other day; medium must stay damp but not soddenPet-safe
Amazon Mist SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply once or twice weekly in heat, less in cool weatherMildly toxic to pets
Amazon Moonflower CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of substrate is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing season; every 2-3 weeks in a cooler rest periodPet-safe
AmbarellaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; drought-tolerant when establishedPet-safe
Amelanchier × grandiflora 'Robin Hill'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering through the first two seasons; established trees need water only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Amelanchier canadensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; prefers consistently moist soilMildly toxic to pets
America RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly while establishing; mature plants when the top few centimetres of soil dry outPet-safe
American alumrootMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week; reduce in winterPet-safe
American BasswoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; less once maturePet-safe
American BeachgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
American BittersweetBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water deeply once a week during the first two growing seasons; established plants are drought-tolerant and need watering only during extended dry periodsToxic to pets
American Climbing FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the soil consistently and evenly moist — never allow it to dry out between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
American DunegrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerantPet-safe
American Elm BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, frequently in summerMildly toxic to pets
American HollyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing, then during dry spellsToxic to pets
American HornbeamBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil approaches dryness, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
American Lady FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 2–3 days during active growth; less frequently in winterPet-safe
American Parsley FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; never allow to fully dry outMildly toxic to pets
American Royal FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly or more; keep consistently moistPet-safe
American Turk's Cap LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice weekly; more in dry periodsToxic to pets
American Wall FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days when in growth; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
American White Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic — crown submerged 15–60 cm (6–24 in) below water surfacePet-safe
American wisteriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; drought-tolerant once matureToxic to pets
American Wood AnemoneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during active spring growth; none during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Amethyst Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Amphibious BistortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanent wet soil or shallow water — no irrigation needed once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Anaga MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Ananas bracteatusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry, about every 7-10 days in growth, less in winterPet-safe
Ananas comosus 'Variegatus'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry, about every 7-10 days in growth, less in winterPet-safe
Ancistrachne uncinulellaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Andean Silver-Leaf SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow soil to dry 2–3 cm between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Anderson's Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Anderson's Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly in the growing season, weekly in winterPet-safe
Andorra Compact JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days in the first season, then sparinglyMildly toxic to pets
Anemone × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply weekly in dry spells, more in its first yearToxic to pets
Anemone × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply once a week in dry weather, more while establishingToxic to pets
Anemone × hybrida 'Pamina'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; deep weekly watering in dry weather, more while establishingToxic to pets
Anemone × hybrida 'September Charm'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist, especially while establishingToxic to pets
Anemone coronaria 'Hollandia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist during active growth and flowering; every 5-7 days if no rainToxic to pets
Anemone coronaria 'Meron Violet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist during active growth and flowering; reduce as foliage yellows toward dormancyToxic to pets
Anemone coronaria 'Mr. Fokker'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist through growth and flowering; reduce as foliage yellows toward dormancyToxic to pets
Anemone coronaria 'The Bride'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist through growth and flowering; reduce as foliage yellows toward dormancyToxic to pets
Anemone hupehensis 'Hadspen Abundance'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply weekly in dry spells and more during establishmentToxic to pets
Angel Face RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Angel Frost MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in hot weather; every 2–3 days in spring and autumnPet-safe
Angel's Fishing RodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during spring and summer; reduced in winterMildly toxic to pets
Angel's Tears DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water during active growth, dry summer dormancyToxic to pets
Angel's Tears DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during active spring growth; dry dormancy required in summerToxic to pets
Angel's Tears NarcissusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Angel's Trumpet HybridDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days in summer (keep consistently moist)Toxic to pets
Angelina StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; little to none in winterPet-safe
Angelique Double TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water at planting; minimal supplemental irrigation during growth; dry during dormancyToxic to pets
Angelonia angustifolia 'Archangel White'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Angraecum distichumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water roughly every 2-4 days when mounted, or when the bark surface just begins to dryPet-safe
Angraecum eburneumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the substrate is almost completely dry, roughly every 5-7 days year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Anguloa clowesiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in active summer growth; taper to roughly every 2-3 weeks once leaves yellow and dropMildly toxic to pets
Anise-scented SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular throughout the growing seasonPet-safe
Ann Folkard CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Anne Thomson CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Annual baby's breathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once weekly; allow the soil to dry slightly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Annual ClaryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Annual PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; keep soil evenly moist but not saturatedPet-safe
Annual Phlox 'Sugar Stars'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Anthurium arisaemoidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of mix begins to dry, about every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Anthurium browniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 5-8 daysToxic to pets
Anthurium clarinervium (Velvet Cardboard Anthurium)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Anthurium clidemioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface substrate begins to dry, about every 3-6 daysToxic to pets
Anthurium corrugatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-4 cm of mix dries, about every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Anthurium TimbuiquenseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix begins to dry, often every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Anthurium Warocqueanum × AndreanumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is just dry, roughly every 5-8 daysToxic to pets
Anthurium x 'Ace of Spades'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Anthurium x 'Vittarifolium Hybrid'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface of the mix begins to dry, roughly every 4-6 daysToxic to pets
Antigonon leptopusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly while establishing, then only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Antimima dualisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Thorough but infrequent autumn-spring; little or none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Antirrhinum majus 'Chantilly Bronze'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Antirrhinum majus 'Rocket Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Antirrhinum majus 'Sonnet Pink'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Antirrhinum majus 'Twinny Peach'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Apache beggarticksDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in containers; every 7–10 days in-ground once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Apennine WindflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Rainfall usually sufficient in woodland settings; water once per week only during dry springsToxic to pets
Aponogeton distachyosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; maintain a stable pond water levelMildly toxic to pets
Appalachian Barren StrawberryMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Appalachian Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2 weeks during establishment; essentially rain-fed once maturePet-safe
Apple Blossom flowering quinceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when establishing; rainfall sufficient for established plants in temperate climatesMildly toxic to pets
Apricot Sprite HyssopDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days once established; more frequent in containersPet-safe
Aptos Blue RedwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; every 1–2 weeks when establishedPet-safe
Aptos Blue RedwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Aquilegia 'Black Barlow'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 3 cm of soil dries, roughly weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Aquilegia 'Nora Barlow'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 3 cm of soil dries, about weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Arabian Desert RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in active growth (spring–summer); minimal in winter dormancyToxic to pets
ArazaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice per week; water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week for the first 1-2 growing seasons, then mainly in droughtsToxic to pets
Arching Spider OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of the bark mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Arctic Bell-heatherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the root zone consistently moist at all times; water before the top 2 cm dries.Mildly toxic to pets
Ardisia CrenataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Ardisia EllipticaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Arendsii astilbeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in summer; weekly otherwisePet-safe
Argentine Giant CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Arid Mountain TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the cool growing season (autumn–spring); none in summerToxic to pets
Arikury PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Arisaema consanguineumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist during growth, about every 4-7 days; ease off as it dies backToxic to pets
Arisaema elephasMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist during growth, about every 4-7 days; reduce as it dies backToxic to pets
Arisaema flavumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist during active growth (spring to late summer); withhold once dormantToxic to pets
Arisaema griffithiiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist through growth, roughly every 4-7 days; reduce sharply once foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Arisaema jacquemontiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in spring and summer growth; allow to dry as the leaf dies back in late summerToxic to pets
Arisaema nepenthoidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in spring and summer; let it dry as the leaf dies back in late summerToxic to pets
Arisaema ringensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist during growth, about every 4-7 days; reduce as it dies backToxic to pets
Arisaema serratumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist through spring and summer; allow drying as the leaf dies back in autumnToxic to pets
Arisaema speciosumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist through growth, about every 4-7 days; reduce as it dies backToxic to pets
Arisaema tortuosumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep moist through the growing season, about every 4-7 days; reduce as it dies backToxic to pets
Arizona Chalk DudleyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in winter and early spring; completely dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Arizona CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks while establishing, then rarelyMildly toxic to pets
Arizona Cypress 'Blue Ice'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks while establishing, then rarelyMildly toxic to pets
Arkansas BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Armand's ClematisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Armenian SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during the growing season; little to none in winter.Pet-safe
Armored FraileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Aroanian GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal — once every 3 weeks in summer; dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Aromatic AsterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then rarely; very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Aromatic Aster 'Raydon's Favorite'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Arrow ArumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanent shallow flooding — plant in up to 15 cm of waterToxic to pets
Arrowwood ViburnumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; established plants tolerate both moist and occasionally dry soilPet-safe
Arroyo LupineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; rely on winter rainfall; supplement lightly in February–March during dry yearsToxic to pets
Arum italicumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist in active growth (autumn to spring); reduce sharply during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Arum LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly moist to wet — water every 2–3 days or plant in standing waterToxic to pets
Ashton's Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–14 days during the growing season; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Ashy BroomDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly once establishedToxic to pets
Ashy SunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Asian Star JasmineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water every 7-10 days during the first growing season; established plants are fairly drought-tolerant and need watering only during prolonged dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Asian Wonder BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week during active growth; once per week in cool or dormant periodsPet-safe
Asparagus Fern 'Sprengeri'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Asphodel CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in autumnPet-safe
Asplenium platyneuronLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 2-3 cm is dry; tolerates short dry spells better than most fernsPet-safe
Assai PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Assam Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in growing season, every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Aster 'Alma Potschke'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'Fellowship'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'Harrington's Pink'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'Hella Lacy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'Little Carlow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'Monte Cassino'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during summerMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'October Skies'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedPet-safe
Aster 'Professor Kippenburg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'Purple Dome'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'Raydon's Favorite'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedPet-safe
Aster 'Vibrant Dome'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Aster 'Wood's Pink'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Aster × frikartii 'Mönch'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then moderately; water in prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Astilbe 'Bridal Veil'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Astilbe 'Deutschland'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days or as needed to prevent the top 2 cm of soil drying outPet-safe
Astilbe 'Fanal'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-4 days in summer, never letting it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Astilbe 'Fanal'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist — water whenever the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 days in summerPet-safe
Astilbe chinensis 'Pumila'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry; keep evenly moist, often 2-3 times weekly in heatMildly toxic to pets
Astilbe simplicifolia 'Sprite'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba BullulataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba CongestaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba CorrugataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil has dried out completely — roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba FoliolosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry — roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba SpiralisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry — roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Athyrium angustum f. rubellum 'Lady in Red'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist, watering when the top 2-3 cm dries, roughly every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water every 4-6 days, more in hot weatherMildly toxic to pets
Athyrium filix-femina 'Minutissimum'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep consistently moist; water every 4-6 days, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Athyrium niponicum 'Red Beauty'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water every 4-6 days, more often in heatMildly toxic to pets
Athyrium niponicum 'Ursula's Red'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water every 4-6 days, increasing in hot weatherMildly toxic to pets
Athyrium otophorumLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water every 4-6 days, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Atlantic MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; once monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Atlantic White CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constant moisture; tolerates standing water seasonallyMildly toxic to pets
Atlantic Wild IndigoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; water weekly in the first seasonToxic to pets
Atlas CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; very drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Atlas PoppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week in dry spells during active growth; largely drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Aucuba japonica CrotonifoliaLow light (north window or shaded room)Water to establish, then every 7-14 days in dry spells; less in cool monthsMildly toxic to pets
Aucuba japonica PicturataLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishing then less oftenMildly toxic to pets
Aucuba japonica RozannieLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in the first year then far less once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Audray White globe amaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Audrey FigBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Augustine's rhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Aunt Eliza MontbretiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season; allow to dry back naturally in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Aureola Japanese Forest GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
AuriculaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderately in spring and summer; reduce significantly in autumn and winterToxic to pets
Auricula PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when top 2 cm of soil is dry; more frequent in active growth, sparingly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Austral BrackenDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once established, largely drought-tolerant; water deeply once a week in dry spellsToxic to pets
Australian Bangalow PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days once established in-groundPet-safe
Australian Cabbage PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in summer, fortnightly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Australian Cabbage PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 4-5 cm of soil dries out, roughly every 10-14 days in active growthPet-safe
Australian CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in summer; very sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Australian Fan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in the growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Australian Foxtail CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growthToxic to pets
Autumn ArumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry during autumn-winter growing season; minimal in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Autumn Brilliance serviceberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate once establishedPet-safe
Autumn Cascades TupeloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate once matureMildly toxic to pets
Autumn CatchflyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer; reduce in winterPet-safe
Autumn CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — naturally rainfall-dependent; needs dry summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Autumn CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; rarely needs supplementary wateringToxic to pets
Autumn Crocus SpeciosusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall usually sufficient outdoors; water sparingly once per week only if autumn is exceptionally dryMildly toxic to pets
Autumn DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during autumn and spring growth; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Autumn Fern 'Brilliance'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Autumn GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — rain-fed onlyMildly toxic to pets
Autumn Gold Maidenhair TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days when youngToxic to pets
Autumn heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Autumn Joy StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in prolonged drought — roughly every 10-14 days if newly plantedMildly toxic to pets
Autumn LaeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring and early summer; taper to every 2–3 weeks in late summerPet-safe
Autumn Moor GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first season; established plants only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Autumn Moor GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10-14 days during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Autumn Pineapple LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Autumn Pineapple LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
autumn red grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days during the growing season; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Autumn SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasional once established; regular for first seasonPet-safe
Autumn SquillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly; allow soil to dry completely between waterings, roughly every 14-21 days in active seasonToxic to pets
Avalanche Feather Reed GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry, around weekly; tolerant of occasional wet groundPet-safe
Avalanche Reed GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-14 days; keep moderately moist in the growing seasonPet-safe
Ayabaca MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Azalea 'Firefly'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Azalea 'Gibraltar'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once or twice a week in dry weather; keep consistently moist year-roundToxic to pets
Azalea 'Hino-Crimson'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once a week; increase in hot, dry spellsToxic to pets
Azalea 'Weston's Flamingo'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Azolla filiculoidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Floats permanently on still water; no separate wateringMildly toxic to pets
Azores JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Aztec CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the potting mix is almost completely dry, roughly every 14-28 days in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Aztec LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering while in active growth; keep dry during autumn–winter dormancyToxic to pets
Azure Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during active growth; allow to dry out completely in summerMildly toxic to pets
Baboon FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during growth and flowering, dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Baby Love RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the growing season, more in heat or in potsPet-safe
Baby rubber plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer and every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Baby SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once establishedPet-safe
Baby Tears PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist, watering every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Baby's breathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days when established; weekly when youngMildly toxic to pets
Baby's TearsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days; keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Bachelor's buttonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
BacopaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in containers during warm weather; reduce in cooler conditionsPet-safe
Bacopa carolinianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Grown submersed; do a 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Bahia Earth StarBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water soil when top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Bahian NeoregeliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow potting medium to dry between waterings and keep a small amount of water in the central cupPet-safe
Bailey PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 6-10 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Baines' CyphostemmaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterToxic to pets
Baker's TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Bald CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in summer; can stand in a water tray during heatMildly toxic to pets
Bald Cypress Bonsai 'Cascade'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; in summer often daily, and it can stand in a shallow water trayMildly toxic to pets
Balearic boxBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; every 10–14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Balkan PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water sparingly, allowing soil to dry fully between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Balkan Rock PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Balkan SageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during dry spellsPet-safe
Balkan SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water at the base only; allow near-drying between wateringsPet-safe
Ballerina RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Balsam FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; naturally rainfall-sustained thereafterPet-safe
Balsam GourdDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Bamboo MuhlyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winter once establishedPet-safe
Bamboo PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days (keep soil evenly moist but never waterlogged)Pet-safe
bamburantaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Banana passionflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in growing season, reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Banded Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Banded HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, sparse in winterPet-safe
Baptisia 'Purple Smoke'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly the first season; minimal once establishedToxic to pets
Barbados Maidenhair FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Barbara Karst BougainvilleaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply every 7–10 days when established; more often for container plantsMildly toxic to pets
Barla's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; roots should never dry out completelyPet-safe
Baron's PachypodiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; none from late autumn to mid-springToxic to pets
Barrelier's SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to establish, then fortnightlyPet-safe
Barren StrawberryMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Barter's CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; every 4–6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Basil-Leaved Sun RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — minimal supplemental irrigation needed once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Basket BromeliadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Tank every 5–7 days; soil every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Basket PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-12 daysToxic to pets
BasketgrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Bastard CobasDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once every 4–6 weeks or less in winterToxic to pets
Batalin's TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Light to moderate in spring; completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Beach CabbageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Beacon Silver Dead NettleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; water more frequently in sunny or dry situationsPet-safe
Beaked HomalomenaLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–14 days; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Bear PawBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-2 weeks in spring/summer; roughly every 2-3 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Bear TupeloBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Bearberry CotoneasterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly once established; more frequent for the first growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Bearded TrichodiademaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season (winter-spring); reduce in summer when the plant is semi-dormantPet-safe
Bearded-Stem PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow compost to partially dry between waterings)Pet-safe
Beardtongue 'Husker Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Beatrice WatsoniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular throughout growing season; reduce but do not dry out in winterMildly toxic to pets
Beaucarnea GracilisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Beaucarnea StrictaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and much less in winterPet-safe
beautiful feather grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first season; minimal once establishedPet-safe
Beautiful GastrochilusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily misting of roots; soak mounted plants every 2-3 days during active growth; reduce to every 5-7 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Beautiful GraptopetalumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Beautiful Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Beautiful-net LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily to every 2 days; never allow roots to dry out completelyPet-safe
Beavertail CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly when soil is bone dry, roughly every 3-4 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Becky Shasta daisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; less in cool or wet weatherMildly toxic to pets
Bee Balm 'Cambridge Scarlet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Bee OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Beefsteak BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly in summer; every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Begonia 'Dragon Wing Pink'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Dragon Wing Red'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summer containersToxic to pets
Begonia 'Gryphon'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Nonstop Joy White'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface begins to dry, often every 2-4 days in summer potsToxic to pets
Begonia 'Nonstop Red'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Begonia 'Nonstop Rose Petticoat'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Begonia 'Picotee Lace Pink'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface begins to dry, often every 2-4 days in summer potsToxic to pets
Begonia 'Pin Up Flame'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface begins to dry, often every 2-4 days in summer potsToxic to pets
Begonia 'Sophie'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Nonstop Rose'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Pin-Up Flame'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Begonia dregeiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Begonia grandisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in active growthToxic to pets
Begonia grandis subsp. evansianaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist in summer; water during dry spells, roughly weekly in heatToxic to pets
Begonia manicataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-9 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia partitaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysToxic to pets
Begonia sutherlandiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, every few days in summerToxic to pets
Bell CotyledonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; every 5–6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Bell heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Bell Heather C.D. EasonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water during dry spells, avoid waterloggingMildly toxic to pets
Belladonna larkspurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — deep water 2–3 times per week during growth; ease off in wet periodsToxic to pets
Belladonna LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal or none in summer dormancy; regular from flower emergence through winter while foliage is active; reduce in late springToxic to pets
Belle Etoile Mock OrangeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Bellflower CodonopsisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry during the growing season; reduce significantly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Bellina Moth OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly every 5-7 days; when potting media is nearly dry but not bone dryPet-safe
Benary's Giant Coral ZinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water at the base every 5-7 days, allowing the top 3-5 cm of soil to dry between waterings; overhead watering should be avoidedPet-safe
Beni-kaze Hakone GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Bent Alligator FlagDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanent standing water or saturated soil; up to 30 cm over rootsMildly toxic to pets
Bent EnkianthusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — keep consistently moistToxic to pets
Bent MasdevalliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 days in warm weather, every 3-4 days in winterPet-safe
Bent TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist through spring; tolerates slightly drier conditions during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Beoley Gold heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; occasional watering once established in dry spellsPet-safe
Berlandier's JatrophaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Berry Smoothie HeucheraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyPet-safe
Bertolonia maculataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the mix evenly moist, watering when the top layer just starts to dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Besleria luteaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Besom heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; largely self-sufficient once establishedPet-safe
Betel LeafMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil are dry, typically every 4–6 days indoorsMildly toxic to pets
Bethencourt's AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (spring and autumn); sparingly in summer heat and winter restMildly toxic to pets
Betula nigraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; tolerates wet soilMildly toxic to pets
Betula pendulaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; water in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Betula pendula 'Youngii'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while young; deep-water in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Betula utilis var. jacquemontiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while young; water deeply in dry summersMildly toxic to pets
Beuvron Dwarf Scots PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer during the first 3 years; largely self-sufficient once establishedToxic to pets
Bicalcarata Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium consistently moist; water every 2-3 days, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Bicolor BarrenwortLow light (north window or shaded room)Regularly in the first season; once established, once every 2–3 weeks or rely on rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Bicolor St Dabeoc's heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water regularly to keep soil moist, particularly in dry spellsPet-safe
Bidens ferulifolia 'Bidy Gonzales'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in containers during summer heatPet-safe
Bidens ferulifolia 'Campfire Fireburst'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 2-4 days in summer containersPet-safe
Big Blue LilyturfMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Big BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during establishment; rainfall-sufficient once established in most of its native rangePet-safe
Big Kiss Yellow Flame GazaniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Big Red SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; keep evenly moist, especially during establishmentPet-safe
Big-Flowered CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; allow soil surface to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Bigcone Douglas FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Bigleaf Hydrangea 'Nikko Blue'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, often every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Bigleaf MagnoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply twice weekly during establishment; weekly once established in dry periodsPet-safe
BignayDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
BilimbiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3-7 days, keeping soil consistently moist; bilimbi dislikes drying outToxic to pets
Billbergia 'Fantasia'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central vase topped up; flush and refill every 1-2 weeks, water the mix when it driesPet-safe
Billy buttonsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Birchleaf SpireaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established; occasional watering in drought once maturePet-safe
Bird-in-a-bushMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate in spring during active growth; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Bird's Foot FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 2-4 weeks (very drought-tolerant once established)Mildly toxic to pets
Bird's Foot FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow the top half of soil to dry out between waterings, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Bird's Nest BromeliadLow light (north window or shaded room)Refill central cup weekly; substrate every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Bird's Nest BromeliadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the central cup filled; water the compost lightly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Bird's Nest SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing; deep watering when the top 5 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Bird's Nest SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water during dry spells in the first two years, then largely self-sufficientPet-safe
Bird's-nest OrchidLow light (north window or shaded room)Not applicable for cultivation; in nature, reliant on consistently moist woodland humusMildly toxic to pets
Birdcatcher Parlour PalmLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
BiribaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week; do not allow soil to dry outPet-safe
Birthwort Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium consistently moist; water every 2–3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Bishop HeliconiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in summer, weekly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Bishop of Llandaff DahliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in summerMildly toxic to pets
Bishop's flowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; less once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Bismarck PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular while young; deep and infrequent once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Bisset's BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; every 2–3 weeks when dormantPet-safe
Bitter VetchMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — allow soil to approach dryness between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
BitterrootDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Winter rains / early spring only; bone dry from June to OctoberPet-safe
Bitterroot LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in spring; monthly or less in summer dormancyPet-safe
Black AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)High; requires consistently moist to wet soilPet-safe
Black Ball cornflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Black BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; reduce once establishedPet-safe
Black Beauty ElderberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first two seasons; established plants tolerate short dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Black Calla LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Generously during active growth; taper off as foliage dies back; bone dry in dormancyToxic to pets
Black CohoshMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in summer; weekly in cooler seasonsMildly toxic to pets
Black Fang BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days; allow top 2–3 cm to dryToxic to pets
Black Flowering SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; water whenever the surface begins to dryPet-safe
Black Knight Butterfly BushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the first growing season; established plants are drought-tolerant and require supplemental watering only during extended dry spellsToxic to pets
Black Knight scabiosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Black Lily MagnoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Black MedickDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderatePet-safe
Black Mondo GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Black Mondo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once a week during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Black OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent once established; moderate supplemental irrigation in year 1–2Mildly toxic to pets
Black Prince EcheveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Black Prince snapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Black Scallop BugleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice weekly; reduce to once weekly when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Black sedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet; tolerates standing waterPet-safe
Black SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly in the growing season; sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Black SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistent moisture; tolerates waterlogging — does not dry out between wateringsPet-safe
Black-Eyed SusanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly until establishedMildly toxic to pets
Black-eyed Susan 'Goldsturm'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry; moderately drought-tolerant once established after the first full seasonMildly toxic to pets
Black-Headed Fountain GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Black-Seeded MelicMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water in dry spells, especially in lighter shadeMildly toxic to pets
Black-stemmed SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top centimetre of substrate feels dryPet-safe
Blackhaw ViburnumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; established plants need water only in extended droughtPet-safe
Bladder CampionBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Bladder CherryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first season; established plants tolerate moderate droughtToxic to pets
Bladder CyphostemmaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; withhold almost completely in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Blanc Double de Coubert RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; drought-tolerant thereafterPet-safe
Blanket flowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days once established; water young plants more frequentlyPet-safe
Blanket FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then sparingly; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Blanket Flower 'Goblin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days; minimal once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blaze Improved RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season, more during heatPet-safe
Blechnum chilenseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly, keeping soil consistently moist in springToxic to pets
Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in spring; taper off as foliage yellows; minimal when dormantToxic to pets
Blochman's LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the cool growing season (October–April); virtually none in summerPet-safe
Blonde Ambition Blue GramaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water through the first growing season, then only in severe drought, every 2-3 weeks at mostMildly toxic to pets
Blonde Ambition RushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet at all timesPet-safe
Blonde SedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Blood BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly weekly in active growth; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Blood-Cupped PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blood-red RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; keep medium consistently lightly moistPet-safe
Blood-red trumpet vineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once established.Mildly toxic to pets
Bloodgood Japanese MapleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 days in summer; weekly to fortnightly in autumn and springPet-safe
Bloodleaf PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7 days in spring/summer; every 10–14 days in autumn/winterPet-safe
BloodrootMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during spring growth; minimal or none during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Blue Anise SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)WeeklyPet-safe
Blue Arrow JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing, then deep occasional wateringMildly toxic to pets
Blue AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular in first 2 years; infrequent once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue Atlas CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks while establishing, then rarelyMildly toxic to pets
Blue Atlas CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently once established; moderate during first 2 yearsMildly toxic to pets
Blue Bells Bush VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Blue Bird Rose of SharonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry spells; reduce once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue blossomDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; minimal irrigation once established (drought-tolerant)Mildly toxic to pets
Blue Boy cornflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Blue Carpet JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days for the first season, then only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Blue Chalk SticksDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Blue Chalk SticksDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 12-18 days in growthToxic to pets
Blue ChalksticksDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; every 4–6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Blue ChalksticksDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly every 2-3 weeks in spring and summer; about once a month or less in winter.Toxic to pets
Blue China FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular when young; moderate once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue China FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once per week during the first two growing seasons; established plants are fairly drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Blue Cloud CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Blue CohoshLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5–7 days; maintain consistently moist soilToxic to pets
Blue ColumbineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 3 cm of soil dries, about weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Blue Columnar CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top half of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Blue Creeping SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; allow the top few centimetres to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Blue CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeksToxic to pets
Blue dawn flowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly during dry periods; established plants are relatively drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Blue DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Blue Douglas FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days when youngMildly toxic to pets
Blue EcheveriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Blue FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue Giant SequoiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply weekly for 3–5 years during establishmentPet-safe
Blue Grama GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish in the first season; thereafter only in extreme drought, roughly every 2-3 weeks if at allMildly toxic to pets
Blue Hair GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; water sparinglyPet-safe
Blue Heaven Little BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days once established; very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Blue Holly 'Blue Princess'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing, then during dry spellsToxic to pets
Blue Hosta 'Halcyon'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Blue Ice Arizona CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days while establishing; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue Ice bog rosemaryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; never allow to dry outToxic to pets
Blue Latan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in growing season; less in winterPet-safe
Blue Latan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Blue Lyme GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant; water only in prolonged dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue Melon CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Blue MistflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water weekly, more in heat or sandy soilMildly toxic to pets
Blue Moor GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; rarely thereafter except in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Blue Mouse Ears HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist, watering when the top 2-3 cm begins to dry, often weekly or more in summerToxic to pets
Blue Oat GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Blue Oat GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing, then occasionallyMildly toxic to pets
Blue Pacific Shore JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — very drought and salt tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue Passion FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water thoroughly when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days; more frequently in hot summers, reduce significantly in winterToxic to pets
Blue Potato BushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4-6 days in summer, every 10-14 days in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Blue Prince HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering while establishing, then every 7-10 days in dry spellsToxic to pets
Blue Princess HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering while establishing, then every 7-10 days in dry spellsToxic to pets
Blue PuyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry to at least 5 cm depth, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Blue Rabbit's Foot FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the growing medium is nearly dry, roughly every 5-10 days in summerPet-safe
Blue Ridge Creeping PhloxMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly in the first season; every 1–2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Blue Rug JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue sedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly until established; minimal thereafterPet-safe
Blue Spruce SedumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, less in winterPet-safe
Blue Spruce StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in spring and summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Blue SpurflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — water once or twice weekly in summer; reduce significantly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Blue Star JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water through the first season; afterward only in prolonged dry spellsToxic to pets
Blue Surprise CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; deep weekly watering while establishing, then in dry periodsToxic to pets
Blue Torch CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; nearly none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Blue TulpDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly in autumn and winter when growing; completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Blue VandaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in warm months when roots silver over; every 2-3 days in cool, dim weatherPet-safe
Blue Violet IochromaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4-6 days in summer, every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Blue Wild IndigoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water the first year; established plants rarely need wateringMildly toxic to pets
Blue Wild RyeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately when the top few cm of soil dry; avoid soggy conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Blue Zinger SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then drought-tolerant; occasional watering in long dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Blue-green AdeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; withhold entirely in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Blue-stemmed PolypodyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring and summer; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Bluebird Mountain HydrangeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once or twice a week during the growing season; reduce in autumn and winterMildly toxic to pets
bluejoint reedgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist to wet; suited to boggy and seasonally flooded groundPet-safe
Bluff LettuceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in winter/spring; very little to none in summerPet-safe
Bluish SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water when soil is dry 5–7 cm deepMildly toxic to pets
Blume's TyphoniumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate when in growth; withhold completely in dormancyToxic to pets
Blunt GreenhoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep lightly moist during active growth (autumn–spring), roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Blunt-leaf ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days; reduce to monthly in cooler or drier monthsToxic to pets
Blushing ArisaemaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly during growing season; minimal in dormancyToxic to pets
Blushing Dunce CapBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; very sparingly in autumn; almost none in winterPet-safe
Boat OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Spring-summer: keep evenly moist, roughly weekly; autumn-winter: reduce to weekly or fortnightly when barely dampMildly toxic to pets
Boat-Leaf OrthophytumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growth; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Bodinier's beautyberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first two growing seasons; every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Boehmer's Dunce CapBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer (active growing season); once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Bog ArumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Saturated soil or up to 15 cm of standing waterToxic to pets
Bog LaurelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Frequent; keep soil consistently moist to wetToxic to pets
Bog rosemaryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; never allow to dry outToxic to pets
Bog SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate to high — keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Boissier's SilverbushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Boivin's PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; every 4–6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Boke's Button CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix has been dry for several days; roughly every 14-28 days in the growing season and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Bokhara IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; completely dry from midsummer to autumnToxic to pets
Bolero Painted TongueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Bolivian Torch CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Bolivian ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days; reduce to every 21 days in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Bolus' StomatiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Very sparingly in summer; every 2–3 weeks in autumn–springPet-safe
Bon Bon Mix Pot MarigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Bonica RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Bonsai PachypodiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days in summer; none or barely any in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Boojum TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Borchers' OroyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Borchers' SchwantesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the autumn-winter growing season; taper to monthly in spring; almost none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Borden's Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Border ForsythiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first year, then only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Boscobel RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season; more in heat or sandy soilPet-safe
Bosnian PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees weekly in dry spells; established trees rarely need itMildly toxic to pets
Bosnian Pine 'Compact Gem'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly in dry spells while establishing; little needed thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Boston FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–4 days in spring and summer; every 5–7 days in winterPet-safe
Boston Fern 'Fluffy Ruffles'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 3-5 daysPet-safe
BotterboomDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in winter–spring (active), essentially none in summer (dormant)Toxic to pets
Bottle GentianMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular — keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Bottle PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
BougainvilleaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry outMildly toxic to pets
Bougainvillea 'Barbara Karst'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply but infrequently, only when the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Bougainvillea 'Miss Alice'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow the top few centimetres of compost to dry between waterings; keeping it slightly dry encourages floweringMildly toxic to pets
Bougainvillea 'San Diego Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep soak only when the top 5 cm of soil dries, about every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Bougainvillea spectabilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Let the top few centimetres of soil dry between waterings; deliberately keep it on the dry side to trigger bractsMildly toxic to pets
Boulder Blue FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Boulevard CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4-7 days while establishing, then when the top few cm of soil dryMildly toxic to pets
Bove's Jerusalem SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — once every 2–3 weeks during active growth; essentially none from late autumn to early springMildly toxic to pets
Bow Bells CattleyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Bowden LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal in summer; moderate from flowering through winter and spring while foliage is present; none once foliage dies backToxic to pets
Bower VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in cool or dry winter restMildly toxic to pets
Bowl LotusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep submerged at all times; never allow the rhizome to dry outPet-safe
Bowles Golden SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet to constantly moist; never allow to dry outMildly toxic to pets
box honeysuckleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during the first season; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Bracken's Brown Beauty MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply weekly during the first 2–3 years; every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Bracteate RhinephyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring–summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Bracted AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Bracted DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Freely when in active growth (every 2-4 days); reduce sharply to monthly in the dry winter restPet-safe
Bracted Lipstick PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2–3 cm of mix has dried; roughly every 7 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Bracted PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Bracted SpiderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fortnightly or less once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Bradbury's BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Brade's BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil feels dryToxic to pets
Bradley's SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1–2 cm of substrate dries outPet-safe
Brahea EdulisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Brain CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in spring and summer; nearly dry through winterPet-safe
Brandy RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the growing seasonPet-safe
Brassavola digbyanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth; far less in winter rest, every 2-3 weeksPet-safe
Braun's Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Braun's Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days; maintain consistently moist but well-drained soilPet-safe
Brazilian JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Let the top 2-3 cm of soil dry, then water; roughly every 4-7 days, more often in heatMildly toxic to pets
Brazilian PlumeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly — keep soil consistently moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Brazilian Tree FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season, once a week in winterPet-safe
Brazilian WaterweedBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submergedPet-safe
Bread Tree CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the pot is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
BreadfruitDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 2-3 times a week in active growthMildly toxic to pets
BreadnutDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees 2–3 times per week; established trees are moderately drought tolerant but benefit from weekly deep irrigation in dry seasons.Pet-safe
BreadtreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Bressingham White BergeniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Brewer SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — water regularly during establishment; tolerates summer drought once establishedPet-safe
Brewer's Mountain HeatherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Brewer's Weeping SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply every 7–10 days in summer; reduce in winter but do not allow soil to fully dryMildly toxic to pets
Bridal Bouquet PlumeriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in active growth; reduce to every 3–4 weeks in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Bridal Wreath SpireaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingPet-safe
Bridal Wreath SpireaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during dry spells; established plants are drought-tolerantPet-safe
Bright Bikinis strawflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow soil to dry slightly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Bright Bikinis StrawflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Brilliant HibiscusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during growth; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Brilliantelse Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days; never allow to fully dry outPet-safe
Brilliantissima red chokeberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate once establishedPet-safe
Bristle-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days (allow top half of soil to dry)Pet-safe
Bristlecone PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent deep watering, roughly every 2-3 weeks; allow thorough dryingMildly toxic to pets
Bristly LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; medium kept consistently moistPet-safe
Bristol Ruby WeigelaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during dry spells; established plants cope with moderate droughtPet-safe
British YellowheadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice per week; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Britt-Marie Crawford LigulariaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Constantly moist to wet; never allow to dry out — water generously in any dry spell, sometimes daily in heatMildly toxic to pets
Britten's Tiger JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (late summer–autumn); minimal in winter and springPet-safe
Britten's Tiger JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (autumn to spring); once a month or less in summerPet-safe
Brittle Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in warm months; every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Broad Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–4 days in the growing season; every 5–7 days in winterPet-safe
Broad-leaf Chain OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days in growth; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Broad-leaved Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during active spring growth; allow to dry out during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Broad-Leaved Grape HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low once established; moderate during active growthToxic to pets
Broad-leaved HelleborineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during dry spells; keep consistently moist but not waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Broad-Leaved LimeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; supplemental watering in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Broad-leaved PondweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully submerged aquatic; grows in 30 cm to 150 cm of waterPet-safe
Broad-Leaved PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly throughout the growing season; reduced in winterToxic to pets
Broad-Leaved Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when establishedPet-safe
Broad-Petalled CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week in the growing season; less in winterPet-safe
Broad-Sepal GongoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–6 days during growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Broadleaf BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in summer, once per week in winterPet-safe
Broadleaf StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Broadway's Melon CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Bronze SedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Broom PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Broomsedge BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall sufficient; no supplemental irrigation needed once establishedPet-safe
Brown-eyed SusanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly, more during droughtMildly toxic to pets
Bruch's Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Brunnera macrophyllaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Brunnera macrophylla 'Looking Glass'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Brunthal's Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in the growing season; every 3-4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Brush CherryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; every 10–14 days once establishedPet-safe
Brush-tipped BurseraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; withhold almost entirely in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Buccaneer PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Buchholtz's BillbergiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks (soil); cup refreshed every 3–4 weeksPet-safe
Buchholz's TylecodonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days when actively growing (autumn–spring); once per month or less in summerToxic to pets
Buckley's BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; very little in winterMildly toxic to pets
Buddha's Hand CitronDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, typically every 5-10 daysToxic to pets
Buddha's TempleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Buddhist PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Buddleja 'Lo and Behold Blue Chip'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Buddleja 'Miss Ruby'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment, then only in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Buddleja alternifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Buddleja davidii 'White Profusion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Buddleja globosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; occasional deep watering in summer droughts once matureMildly toxic to pets
Bueck's ThelocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Buff Beauty RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the growing season; more in heat or against a warm wallPet-safe
Buffalo Cow CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, approximately every 14-21 days in summerPet-safe
BugleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep evenly moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Buining's UebelmanniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks or less in winterPet-safe
Bulb SparaxisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in springMildly toxic to pets
Bulbil Bugle LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Bulbophyllum barbigerumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2-4 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Bulbophyllum Elizabeth AnnMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2-4 days; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Bulbophyllum falcatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the roots and medium approach dryness, roughly every 2-4 days when mounted, less in potsPet-safe
Bulbophyllum longissimumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water as the medium nears dryness, roughly every 2-4 days; more often when mounted in warm weatherPet-safe
Bulbophyllum vaginatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water as the medium approaches dryness, around every 2-4 days; daily when mounted in heatPet-safe
Bulbous ButtercupDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once weekly or less; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Bulbous CorydalisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Rely on natural rainfall during spring growth; no irrigation needed once dormant in summerToxic to pets
Bulbous TrichodiademaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during spring and summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Bullate NautilocalyxMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days in the growing season; reduce to once weekly in autumn–winterPet-safe
Bunch-flowered NarcissusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate and consistent during active growth; reduce sharply as foliage yellows; dormant dryToxic to pets
Bunny Ear CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in autumn; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Bunny ears cactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the compost is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in spring and summerPet-safe
Burchard's CarallumaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and autumn; very sparingly in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Burgundy Glow BugleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; consistently moist but not waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Burgundy Lace Japanese Painted FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season, reduce significantly in winter dormancyPet-safe
Burgundy PeriwinkleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Burke's RaphionacmeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly to bi-weekly during active growth; none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Burkwood ViburnumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 5 cm of soil dries, roughly weekly during establishmentPet-safe
Burnet RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; rarely once maturePet-safe
BurrawangMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water every 2–3 weeks in growing season, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Burrawang PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeksToxic to pets
Burser's SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Burton's Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; reduce to every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Bush AllamandaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Bush CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Bush HoyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly in summer; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Bush MuhlyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during establishment; essentially rainfall-dependent once established in suitable climatesPet-safe
Bush VetchBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — maintain moderate soil moistureMildly toxic to pets
BushgrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — water regularly to establish, then largely drought-tolerantPet-safe
Bushy BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Butia YatayDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-6 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days while establishing, sparingly once matureMildly toxic to pets
Butomus umbellatusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constantly wet; shallow marginMildly toxic to pets
Butt's bougainvilleaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in active growth; reduce significantly to trigger bloomingMildly toxic to pets
Butterfield Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–14 days; much less in winterPet-safe
Butterfly bushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Butterfly Bush 'Black Knight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry; weekly in the first season, then only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Butterfly Bush 'Pink Delight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry; weekly through the first year, then sparinglyMildly toxic to pets
Butterfly GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during active growth (summer–autumn); reduce as foliage dies; dry rest in winterToxic to pets
Butterfly OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark surface is nearly dry, every 7-10 days; never allow prolonged bone drynessPet-safe
Butterfly WeedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only during prolonged drought; mature plants rarely need wateringToxic to pets
Button CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Button CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Button PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Byfield Fern CycadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 weeksToxic to pets
Byzantine ColchicumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; do not water during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Byzantine GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during spring growth; minimal in summer after dormancyToxic to pets
Byzantine Meadow SaffronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; needs no supplementary watering once establishedToxic to pets
C.D. Eason bell heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 2–3 weeks once settledPet-safe
Cabada PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days when young; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Cabbage FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of the growing medium feel dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Cabbage PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent once established, when the top several centimetres are dry, roughly every 1-2 weeksMildly toxic to pets
CacaoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the surface just begins to dry, often 2-3 times weeklyToxic to pets
Cacti (general care)Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak when the mix is bone dry — roughly every 2-4 weeks in summerPet-safe
Cadiz ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; very rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Café au Lait DahliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per weekMildly toxic to pets
Caladium 'Carolyn Whorton'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-6 days in active growthToxic to pets
Calathea 'Flamestar'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly; water when the top 2-3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dryPet-safe
Calathea 'Flamestar'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Calathea BacillarisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil starts to dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Calathea CylindricaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Calathea DottieMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Calathea FreddieBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top inch of soil is dry, roughly weekly in spring and summer and every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Calathea LeopardinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Calathea LietzeiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Calathea Loeseneri (Brazilian Star)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Calathea SetosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Calathea White StarMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Calceolaria HerbeohybridaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost feels dry, roughly every 2-4 days while in flowerMildly toxic to pets
CalendulaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — roughly weekly once establishedPet-safe
Calendula 'Indian Prince'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyPet-safe
Calendula 'Radio'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyPet-safe
Calico AsterBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water to establish, then occasionally; tolerates dry soilPet-safe
Califano's DioonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks in summer; once every 6–8 weeks in winterToxic to pets
California Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks in active growth; none in winterMildly toxic to pets
California Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply but infrequently, every 10-14 days once established; more while youngMildly toxic to pets
California Fawn LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular in spring growing season; minimal during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
California FescueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 10-14 days during the first growing season; established plants are summer-dormant and very drought-tolerant, needing little or no supplemental waterPet-safe
California Giant Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; keep soil consistently moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
California JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, often every 3-5 days in heatMildly toxic to pets
California Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days in the growing season; every 7–10 days in winter (dormant period)Pet-safe
California NutmegMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; do not allow to dry out fully, especially when youngMildly toxic to pets
California PolypodyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly in autumn to spring; reduce to monthly or suspend in summerMildly toxic to pets
California poppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; more frequent during germinationMildly toxic to pets
California Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
California SunsetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn/winterPet-safe
Callicarpa 'Pearl Glam'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly during the first season; established plants are fairly drought-tolerant and need water mainly in dry spellsPet-safe
Callicarpa americanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water weekly while establishing; once established, only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii 'Profusion'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water weekly during establishment and in dry spells; established plants are moderately drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Callicarpa dichotomaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water weekly during establishment and dry periods; moderately drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Callicarpa japonicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water weekly while establishing and during droughts; moderately drought-tolerant once settledMildly toxic to pets
Callisia Repens 'Gold'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 6-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Callisia Repens 'Pink Lady'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 6-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Caltha palustrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet at all times; saturated soil or shallow waterToxic to pets
Caltha palustris 'Flore Pleno'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet at all times; saturated soil or shallow waterToxic to pets
CamasBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during spring growth; tolerates summer drought when dormantPet-safe
Camassia leichtliniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist in spring during active growth; tolerates dry dormancy in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cambria OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface of the mix begins to dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
CambuciDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly; more frequent during fruit developmentMildly toxic to pets
Camellia 'Alba Plena'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, every 7-10 days during active growthPet-safe
Camellia 'Anticipation'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Camellia 'Bob Hope'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Camellia 'Brushfield's Yellow'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost or soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during active growthPet-safe
Camellia 'Debbie'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Camellia 'Dixie Knight'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil or compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Camellia 'Donation'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist in late summerPet-safe
Camellia 'Elegans'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during growthPet-safe
Camellia 'Hagoromo'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost or soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during active growthPet-safe
Camellia 'J.C. Williams'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Camellia 'Jury's Yellow'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply once or twice weekly in summer, especially during bud setPet-safe
Camellia 'Jury's Yellow'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 days during active growthPet-safe
Camellia 'Kramer's Supreme'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthPet-safe
Camellia 'Midnight Magic'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthPet-safe
Camellia 'Mine-no-Yuki'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 days through the growing seasonPet-safe
Camellia 'Nuccio's Gem'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in active growthPet-safe
Camellia 'Spring Festival'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Camellia 'Water Lily'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil or compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Camellia 'Yuletide'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthPet-safe
Cameroon CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; monthly in winterToxic to pets
Campanula glomerata 'Superba'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries, about weekly in dry spellsPet-safe
Campanula lactiflora 'Loddon Anna'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water deeply in dry spells, roughly weekly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Campanula persicifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during establishment and dry spells; roughly weekly in summer drought once settledMildly toxic to pets
Campanula portenschlagianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Campanula poscharskyanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few centimetres of soil dry out, weekly in hot spellsMildly toxic to pets
Campanula punctataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; keep consistently moist in summerMildly toxic to pets
Campbell's MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the first three growing seasons; established trees need watering only during prolonged summer droughtPet-safe
Camphor-leaf Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Campos Porto FuchsiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during growth; reduce in winterPet-safe
Campsis grandifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil dries, about every 7-10 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Campsis radicansDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil dries, about every 7-14 days for young plantsMildly toxic to pets
Campsis x tagliabuana 'Madame Galen'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil dries, about every 7-14 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Camu CamuBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 days; keep consistently moist to wetPet-safe
Can Can HeucheraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm is dry, about every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Canada MayflowerLow light (north window or shaded room)2–3 times per week during the growing season; minimal in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Canada VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; more frequently in warm or dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Canadian LousewortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Canadian WaterweedMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submergedPet-safe
Canadian Wild GingerLow light (north window or shaded room)Water weekly, or when the top 2–3 cm of soil feels dryMildly toxic to pets
Canadian YewLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly during establishment; every 1–2 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Canary creeperBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly to keep soil evenly moist, roughly every 5–7 daysPet-safe
Canary Island Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days in summer; roughly every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Canary Island LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2 weeks in the growing season; sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Canary Island SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days; minimal in cool or wet periodsPet-safe
Canary Island Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks in growth; monthly in winterPet-safe
Canary Reed GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist to wet; tolerates standing waterMildly toxic to pets
Candelabra EuphorbiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Candelabra LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately from first autumn rains (flower emergence) through winter-spring leaf period; keep bone dry all summerToxic to pets
Candelabra SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Candelabra TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn–spring (active), near-zero in summer (dormant)Toxic to pets
Candia SulcorebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; virtually none from October to MarchPet-safe
Candle larkspurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — deep watering 2–3 times per week during active growth; reduce in dormancyToxic to pets
Candle Larkspur 'Guardian Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Candle plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry; roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, far less in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Candle PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn and spring active growth; once a month or less in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Candy Cane SorrelDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Candy Stripe Creeping PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during the establishment year; drought-tolerant thereafterPet-safe
Canigueral's Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once a month during winter dormancyPet-safe
CanistelDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Bengal Tiger'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 2-3 days in summer to keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Black Knight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist throughout the growing season, watering every 2-4 days depending on temperatureMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Cleopatra'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly to maintain consistently moist soil, approximately every 2-3 days in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Durban'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly to keep soil evenly moist, roughly every 2-3 days in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Pacific Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 2-3 days to keep the soil consistently moist during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Phasion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water every 2-3 days in warm weather, more often in containersMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Pink Sunburst'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist throughout the growing season, watering every 2-3 days or whenever the top few centimetres become dryMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Roi Humbert'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist, watering every 2-3 days in warm weather or whenever the top 2-3 cm dries outMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Striped Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 2-4 days to maintain moist (not soggy) soil throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'The President'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 2-3 days in summer to maintain evenly moist soilMildly toxic to pets
Canna 'Yellow King Humbert'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 2-3 days to maintain consistently moist soil during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Canna-leaved Peace LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; every 14 days in winterToxic to pets
Cantabrian DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Canyon LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in winter/spring; minimal to none in summerPet-safe
Canyon SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Cape Bugle LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Cape ClubfootDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days in summer; once monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Cape daisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4–6 days once established; more frequently in containers during warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
Cape FockeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days during spring and summer growing season; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cape Gold EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cape honeysuckleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; every 2–4 weeks once established.Mildly toxic to pets
Cape jewelsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in containers; every 5–7 days in bordersPet-safe
Cape MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Caradonna SalviaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly until establishedPet-safe
Caralluma acutangulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Caralluma europaeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry October-MarchMildly toxic to pets
Caralluma hesperidumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is bone-dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Caranday PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in dry season / winterPet-safe
Cardboard CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry well down, roughly every 12-16 days in growthToxic to pets
Cardinal Royal rowanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during the first season; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Cardinal SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Freely during active growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Carding Mill RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week through the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Carefree Wonder RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep soak once or twice a week depending on heatPet-safe
Carex pendulaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil moist; water in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Carex riparia 'Variegata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet to shallowly submerged at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Carmen's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the spring-summer growing season when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterPet-safe
Carnarvon Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; every 2–3 weeks when establishedPet-safe
Carnation of IndiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth, every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Carnauba Wax PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-10 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; every 3-5 weeks in winterPet-safe
CarobDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry well below the surface, every 1-3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Carol's RuschiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in spring-summer; once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Carolina HemlockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; monthly deep watering once established in cool climatesPet-safe
Carolina Mosquito FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Aquatic — free-floating on still or slow-moving water permanentlyPet-safe
Carolina Queen LotusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; maintain 5–15 cm (2–6 in) of water over the soil surface for established plantsPet-safe
Carolina Spring BeautyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during active spring growth; essentially none during summer–winter dormancy.Pet-safe
Carousel Little BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during establishment; minimal once establishedPet-safe
Carpathian bellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days during active growth; moderate moisture needsPet-safe
Carpentaria PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Carrion Flower (Stapelia gigantea)Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in active growth (spring-autumn); keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Carrot-leaved PelargoniumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2–3 cm of compost is dry during growth (autumn–spring); completely dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Caryopteris incanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only during droughtMildly toxic to pets
Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Dark Knight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment, then sparingly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Heavenly Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Worcester Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Cas GuavaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply 2–3 times per week in the growing season; reduce to once weekly in winter.Pet-safe
Cascade Purple AubrietaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; minimal in summer dormancyPet-safe
Cascade White Trailing LobeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-4 days (more frequent in hot weather)Toxic to pets
Cascadia trailing petuniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 days in warm weather; check daily in summer heatPet-safe
Case's IxoraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 days during warm months, reduce to weekly in cooler weatherMildly toxic to pets
Cast iron plantLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Cast Iron PlantLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Castilian Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly every 10-14 days in the growing season; almost none from late autumn to springMildly toxic to pets
Castlewellan CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days for young plantsMildly toxic to pets
Cat's Claw CreeperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Cat's Claw VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Cat's Claw VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 7-14 days during establishment; extremely drought-tolerant once established and rarely needs supplemental wateringMildly toxic to pets
Cat's JawsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth and much less in summer restMildly toxic to pets
Cat's JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10–14 days in spring and summer; reduce to once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cat's-earDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — very drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Catalpa bignonioidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while young; established trees are fairly drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Catalpa bignonioides 'Aurea'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; moderate drought tolerance when matureMildly toxic to pets
Catalpa speciosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; notably drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Catawba rhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 7–14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Catawba Rhododendron 'Roseum Elegans'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About weekly, deeper in heat and drought; water when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Catesby's Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray method with seasonal reductionPet-safe
Catesby's TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist in spring; reduce after summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Catharanthus roseus 'Cora Cascade Strawberry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 daysToxic to pets
Catharanthus roseus 'Titan Polka Dot'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 daysToxic to pets
Cathaya argyrophyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 days for young plants in growthMildly toxic to pets
Cathedral BellsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Catlin's Giant BugleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice weekly during establishment; once weekly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Catmint 'Walker's Low'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Caucasian ComfreyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during dry spells; self-sufficient in rainy climatesMildly toxic to pets
Caucasian DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only when soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Caucasian LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — keep soil consistently moist but not waterloggedToxic to pets
Caucasian Rock CressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Caucasian ScabiousDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly while establishing and during dry spells, otherwise when the top few centimetres of soil are dryMildly toxic to pets
Cautley RoscoeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry during the growing season, approximately every 7-14 days; reduce to very low or none in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Cavatine pierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly; keep consistently moistToxic to pets
Cavendish BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water when the top 2-3 cm dries, often every 2-4 days in active growthPet-safe
Cavendish's TrichocentrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in growth; every 14-21 days during the winter restPet-safe
Ceanothus 'Concha'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then little to no summer water once matureMildly toxic to pets
Ceanothus 'Puget Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then little to no summer water once matureMildly toxic to pets
Ceanothus 'Victoria'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish in year one, then little to no summer water once settledMildly toxic to pets
Ceanothus americanusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first season; rarely thereafter once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 'Skylark'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only occasional water; more summer-water tolerant than most ceanothusMildly toxic to pets
Cecile Brunner Climbing RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly while young; established plants are fairly drought-tolerant and need water mainly in dry spellsPet-safe
Cedar Bay CherryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water established plants once or twice per week; newly planted specimens require daily watering for the first 4–6 weeks.Pet-safe
Cedar of LebanonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during first 3 years; very drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Cedar SageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; water when top 5 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Cedros Island LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4–6 weeks in summer (dormant), every 2–3 weeks in winter–spring (active)Pet-safe
Celandine PoppyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2 times per week during spring and early summer; reduce as plant self-senescesMildly toxic to pets
Celebes PepperBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; allow top 2–3 cm to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Celosia argentea var. cristata 'Chief Mix'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Centaurea 'Amethyst in Snow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly through the first season; established clumps are drought-tolerantPet-safe
Central Australian Cabbage PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Central Australian Cabbage PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply every 14-21 days; highly drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Century Yellow Feather CelosiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Cephalophyllum tricolorumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep nearly dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Cephalotaxus 'Fastigiata'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Ceratophyllum demersumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged; 25-40% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cercestis MirabilisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Cercidiphyllum japonicumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly, keeping the soil consistently moist, especially in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cercidiphyllum japonicum 'Pendulum'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly, keeping soil consistently moist, particularly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cercis canadensis 'Forest Pansy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; deep soak during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Cercis canadensis 'Lavender Twist'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; supplement in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Cercis siliquastrumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly while young; rarely once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Ceropegia AmpliataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Ceropegia distinctaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Ceropegia HaygarthiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 10-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Ceropegia SandersoniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Ceropegia woodii f. variegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Cettos AchimenesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Evenly moist during the growing season; completely dry during winter dormancyPet-safe
Ceylon Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; every 2–3 weeks in cooler or drier periodsMildly toxic to pets
ChagualDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)every 7–14 days in summer, rarely in winterPet-safe
Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Chain PleurothallisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 days; do not allow to dry completelyPet-safe
Chalk MilkwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Chamaedorea MicrospadixMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Chamaerops Humilis 'Vulcano'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, every 7-14 days in summerPet-safe
Chamaerops Humilis CeriferaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm of soil are dry; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
ChamomileDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Chandelier PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Chanet's Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Changing TibouchinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly to maintain evenly moist soil during the growing season; reduce slightly in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Chanticleer ornamental pearDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for first 2 years; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Chantilly Peach snapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; keep soil evenly moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Chaparensis MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in hot weather; every 2–3 days in cooler seasonsPet-safe
Charles Joly LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during dry periods; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Charlotte RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in growth; more in heatPet-safe
Charming PuyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasionally in summer, minimally in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cheddar PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly — every 1–2 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cheiridopsis denticulataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Autumn through spring; keep dry through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Cheiridopsis robustaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)During autumn-spring growth when soil is bone dry; withhold through summerMildly toxic to pets
CherapuDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in dry periods; every 2–3 days with regular rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Cherokee Chief DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly deep watering; more in summer droughtPet-safe
Cherry Brandy RudbeckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Cherry of the Río GrandeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water thoroughly 2–3 times per week in summer; reduce to once every 7–10 days in winter.Pet-safe
Cheshunt PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly to keep soil evenly moist; once or twice weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Chestnut DioonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterToxic to pets
Chestnut-Flowered SageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular — keep soil evenly moist through the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Chilean BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; twice weekly in dry summer heatPet-safe
Chilean Blue CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering during the spring growing season; completely dry from late spring through late autumnMildly toxic to pets
Chilean BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Chilean ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water from below by brief tray sitting every 5-10 days when the soil surface begins to dry; dry out slightly between waterings in winterPet-safe
Chilean Hard FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist — water when the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, typically every 5-7 days indoorsPet-safe
Chilean JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Chilean Sheep-eating PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly — monthly or less in winter, once every 2–3 weeks in summerMildly toxic to pets
Chilean Wine PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-6 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days while establishing, infrequently once matureMildly toxic to pets
Chiltern GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal supplementary watering needed; moderate natural rainfall is adequateMildly toxic to pets
Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn; withhold in winterPet-safe
Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
China asterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in warm weather; once per week in cool conditionsPet-safe
China FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water regularly while young, then deeply during dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
China Girl dogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in first 2–3 years; every 1–2 weeks in dry periods once establishedMildly toxic to pets
China pinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce in cool weatherMildly toxic to pets
Chinese ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — water regularly until established; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Chinese astilbeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week; more in hot weatherPet-safe
Chinese Astilbe 'Visions'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil reliably moist; water every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Astilbe 'Visions'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; more drought-tolerant than most astilbesMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Douglas FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; every 2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Chinese Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (spring–summer); sparingly in winterPet-safe
Chinese Dwarf BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week during the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Chinese Elm BonsaiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is just drying, often every 2-4 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Chinese EnkianthusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Fan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly in spring and summer; every 10-14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Fan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil dries out, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Chinese Flowering QuinceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil approaches dry, often daily in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Chinese GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular, keeping soil evenly moist throughout the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Ground OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during active growth (spring and summer), watering every 5-7 days; allow to dry out naturally in autumn as the plant goes dormantPet-safe
Chinese HackberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil dries, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Chinese HemlockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1–2 weeks when young; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Chinese Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 6–10 days in summer, every 12–16 days in winterPet-safe
Chinese Incense CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days for young plantsMildly toxic to pets
Chinese IxoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep soil consistently moist but never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Chinese JadeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks (allow soil to dry completely between waterings)Mildly toxic to pets
Chinese JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; water regularly until established, then drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Juniper 'Itoigawa'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil surface is approaching dry, then water thoroughlyMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Lantern PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during growing season; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Chinese LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during establishment and growing season; reduced in dormancyPet-safe
Chinese peonyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — once or twice weekly during active growth; reduce significantly after foliage dies back in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Peony 'Sarah Bernhardt'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week during dry spells; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Chinese Plum YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; weekly in dry spells, more while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Chinese RedbudDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the first two growing seasons; established plants roughly every 14 days in dry spellsToxic to pets
Chinese Swamp CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist to wet; tolerates prolonged inundationMildly toxic to pets
Chinese SweetgumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Timber BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in the shooting season (spring); weekly otherwisePet-safe
Chinese Trumpet CreeperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Chinese TupeloBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during establishment; once or twice a week in dry spellsPet-safe
Chinese TylecodonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (autumn–spring); minimal or none in summerToxic to pets
Chinese Weeping CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during establishment; drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Chinese White PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry; allow slight drying between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Wild GingerLow light (north window or shaded room)Water every 5–7 days, or when the top 2 cm of soil begins to dryMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Windmill Palm 'Bulgaria'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in summerToxic to pets
Chinese witch hazelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during establishment (first 2–3 years); once established, during dry periods in summerMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Witch HazelDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Chinese woodbineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; do not allow the root zone to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Chinese YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; every 1–2 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Chionodoxa luciliaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; rarely needs wateringMildly toxic to pets
Chiric SanangoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in active growth, every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Chive-Leaved ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Chocolate Chip BugleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice weekly until established; once weekly thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Chocolate CosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist through summer; water roughly weekly, more in heat, less once dormantPet-safe
Chocolate Soldier episciaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Choisya 'Sundance'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing, then only during extended dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Choisya 'White Dazzler'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water weekly while establishing; mature plants need water only in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Choisya ternataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply once a week through the first two seasons, then only in prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Choisya x dewitteana 'Aztec Pearl'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly through the first two years, then only in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Christmas FernLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Christmas Jewels BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh central cup weekly; water soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Christmas RoseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist while establishing and during summer drought; established plants tolerate moderate drynessToxic to pets
Christmas Tree CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
ChrysanthemumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in active growthToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Anastasia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Elegance'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; more frequently in hot weatherToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Cheryl Pride'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4-6 days, allowing the top 2-3 cm of soil to dryToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Cottage Apricot'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Country Girl'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days in summer; reduce in autumn as growth slowsToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Emperor of China'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 daysToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Golden Cascade'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3-5 days for container-grown plants; every 5-7 days in the ground when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Hillside Pink Sheffield'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Innocence'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Mei-kyo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Alfie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Ruby Mound'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Rumpelstiltskin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days, allowing the top 2 cm to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Ryan's Daisy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; increase to every 3-4 days in containers during hot spellsToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Salmon Allouise'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Snowdon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Time Piece'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Will's Wonderful'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Yellow John Wingfield'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Chrysanthemum 'Zeal Bronze'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Chusan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in summer, monthly in winterPet-safe
Cigarette PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn through early spring; none or near-none in summerPet-safe
Cilician ColchicumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rely on natural rainfall during growth; keep dry in summer dormancy (June–August)Toxic to pets
Cilician FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Cilician Meadow SaffronDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry between waterings, roughly every 14-21 days in active growthToxic to pets
Cilician Winter AconiteMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moist during late winter and spring growth; dry to moderate when dormantToxic to pets
Cinco de Mayo RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week through the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Cinderella Miniature RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly twice weekly and more in heatPet-safe
Cinnamon Bunny EarsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Cinnamon FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Cinnamon FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep consistently moist to wet; water whenever the surface begins to dry, often every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Cissus rhombifolia 'Ellen Danica'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Clamshell OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; allow the mix to almost dry before rewettingPet-safe
Clamshell OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Clara Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summerPet-safe
Claret Cup CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; very little to none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Clarke's CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during establishment; once established, once a week in dry periodsPet-safe
Clasping SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly to fortnightlyPet-safe
Claw SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3–5 cm of soil feels dryPet-safe
Cleft PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days when establishing; monthly once established in dry periodsPet-safe
ClematisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water newly planted and container clematis frequentlyToxic to pets
Clematis 'Bill MacKenzie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply about once a week while growing; less once establishedToxic to pets
Clematis 'Comtesse de Bouchaud'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week in the growing season; more in heat or sandy soilToxic to pets
Clematis 'Doctor Ruppel'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week during the growing season; reduce in autumn and winterToxic to pets
Clematis 'Dr. Ruppel'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Clematis 'Duchess of Edinburgh'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Ernest Markham'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about weekly in summerToxic to pets
Clematis 'Etoile Violette'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Fireworks'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week in the growing season; reduce in autumnToxic to pets
Clematis 'General Sikorski'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'H.F. Young'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil or compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Hagley Hybrid'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about weekly in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Henryi'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about weekly in summerToxic to pets
Clematis 'Jackmanii'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply once or twice weekly in dry weatherToxic to pets
Clematis 'Lasurstern'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil or compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Miss Bateman'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about weekly in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Mrs N. Thompson'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during the growing season; reduce in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Clematis 'Multi Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Clematis 'Nelly Moser'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply once or twice a week in dry spellsToxic to pets
Clematis 'Niobe'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about weekly in summerToxic to pets
Clematis 'Perle d'Azur'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during active growthToxic to pets
Clematis 'Piilu'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Polish Spirit'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week through the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Rebecca'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Clematis 'Rouge Cardinal'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Clematis 'Rubens'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during dry spells, especially the first two seasonsToxic to pets
Clematis 'The President'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply once or twice a week in dry spellsToxic to pets
Clematis 'Ville de Lyon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis 'Warszawska Nike'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about weekly in summerToxic to pets
Clematis 'Westerplatte'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Clematis armandiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis florida 'Sieboldii'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis integrifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week through the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis montanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly while establishing; mature plants are fairly drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Clematis montana 'Grandiflora'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week while establishing; drought-tolerant once matureToxic to pets
Clematis rectaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clematis tanguticaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply about once a week in the growing season; less once establishedToxic to pets
Clematis viticellaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week through the growing seasonToxic to pets
Clethra alnifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil moist; water weekly or more in dry weather, tolerant of wet groundMildly toxic to pets
Clethra alnifolia 'Hummingbird'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil moist; water weekly or more in dry weather, tolerant of wet groundMildly toxic to pets
Clethra alnifolia 'Ruby Spice'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly in the first two seasons and during droughtMildly toxic to pets
Clethra barbinervisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply weekly in the first two seasons and during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Cleveland SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent after establishment — once monthly or less in summerPet-safe
Cliff African violetBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Cliff Brake FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow the top half of the soil to dry out between waterings, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Cliff CotyledonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Cliff CotyledonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 14 days in summerToxic to pets
Cliff Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cliff Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Cliff Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–14 days; allow top half of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Climbing AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm dry out, every 1-2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Climbing CulcasiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Climbing FetterbushMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Frequent; keep consistently moist to wetToxic to pets
Climbing HydrangeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply weekly in the first 2-3 years and during dry spellsToxic to pets
Climbing Iceberg RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season, more during heatPet-safe
Climbing SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method autumn–spring; bone dry summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Clinacanthus nutansBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, around every 3-5 days in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
Clinton's Wood FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water weekly in dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
CliviaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Cloth of Gold SaxifrageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; reduce in winterPet-safe
Cloud LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks in cool season (October–April); completely withheld June–SeptemberPet-safe
Cloud Nine DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Clouds of Perfume Woodland PhloxMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during the growing season; do not allow soil to dry out in summerPet-safe
Clowes' MiltoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of the mix feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Clubmoss cassiopeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; soil should remain consistently moist throughout the growing seasonPet-safe
Clumping BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice to three times per week during establishment; weekly once establishedPet-safe
Clumping Blue BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist throughout the growing season; water every 5–7 days or as needed to keep soil from drying outPet-safe
Cluster-Headed MezobromeliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep central tank filled; water substrate when top inch is dry, approximately every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Clustered bellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry spells; moderate water needsPet-safe
Clustered DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in summer; reduce sharply to monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Clustered Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to fortnightly in active growth (spring–autumn); minimal in winter dormancyPet-safe
Clustered SanicleLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 1–2 weeks; maintain consistent moisture, never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Clustered Silver SkinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during autumn–early winter growth; minimal in spring; completely withheld in summerPet-safe
Clustered SpeckliniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Coarctata HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Coast Redwood BonsaiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
Coast Rock CressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the growing season; reduce to monthly or less when summer-dormantPet-safe
Coastal DoghobbleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; regular deep watering essential in dry periodsToxic to pets
Coastal LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep evenly moistToxic to pets
Cob CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; virtually none in winterPet-safe
Cobra LilyLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist through the spring-to-summer growing season, watering when the surface begins to dry; reduce as the plant dies back to dormancy.Toxic to pets
Cobweb HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, every 10-14 days in growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Cobweb SpiderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–6 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cochinchina Lady PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
CockscombDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 days in summerPet-safe
Coconut PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in heat, never letting it dry out fullyPet-safe
Cocoon PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks during active growth (spring and autumn); once a month in summer and winterToxic to pets
Codonatanthus 'Sunset'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Coin-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; reduce to every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Cole's Prostrate HemlockMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 weeks; do not allow soil to dry outPet-safe
Collins' HeliconiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in summer, weekly in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Colocasia 'Coffee Cups'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly wet; never let it dry outToxic to pets
Colocasia 'Illustris' (Imperial Taro)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; check every 2-4 days in active growthToxic to pets
Colocasia Black CoralDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-4 days, daily in peak summerToxic to pets
Colocasia Blue HawaiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-4 days, daily in summer heatToxic to pets
Colocasia Crown of TongaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist to boggy; check every 1-3 days in heat, never letting it dry outToxic to pets
Colocasia ElenaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-4 days, daily in summerToxic to pets
Colocasia FontanesiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet; check every 2-4 days, never let it dry outToxic to pets
Colocasia GiganteaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-3 days, daily in summer heatToxic to pets
Colocasia Hilo BeautyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist to wet; check every 2-4 days, watering before the surface fully driesToxic to pets
Colocasia Nancy's RevengeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-4 days, daily in summerToxic to pets
Colocasia Pharaoh's MaskBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-4 days, daily in summer heatToxic to pets
Colocasia Puckered UpBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-4 days, daily in summer heatToxic to pets
Colocasia Tea CupDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly moist; water every 2-4 days, daily in summerToxic to pets
Colombian ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–21 days; reduce in winter when coldToxic to pets
Colorado Blue SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; regular deep watering in first 2–3 yearsMildly toxic to pets
Coloratus EuonymusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing, then every 10-14 days once matureToxic to pets
Columbia LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; reduce in late summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
ColumbineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; water during dry spellsToxic to pets
Columbine 'McKana Giant'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week in dry weather; keep soil evenly moist during floweringToxic to pets
Columbine 'Nora Barlow'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week during dry spells; water stress shortens the flowering seasonToxic to pets
Column AubrietaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during spring growth; very sparingly in summerPet-safe
Column CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Columnae Snow-in-SummerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Columnar Douglas FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during establishment; reduced once establishedPet-safe
Columnar English OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular deep watering in the first 3-5 years; established trees are largely drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Columnar Italian CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 14-21 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Comb CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; every 3–5 weeks in autumn and winterToxic to pets
Comb SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Comb-Spined UebelmanniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; reduce to once every 5-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Common Angel's TrumpetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days in summer (soil should be consistently moist but not waterlogged)Toxic to pets
Common BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week; daily in hot or dry conditionsPet-safe
Common Bird's-foot TrefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Common BistortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Frequently — keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Common Blanket FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days; very infrequent once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Common blue violetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–10 days; tolerates wet soilPet-safe
Common boxMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; monthly once established in the groundToxic to pets
Common Boxwood 'Suffruticosa'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in summerToxic to pets
Common BroomDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)sparingly after establishmentToxic to pets
Common BroomrapeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Wholly dependent on host plant via haustorial connectionMildly toxic to pets
Common BugleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; consistent moisture preferredMildly toxic to pets
Common ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet in the growing season; stand in shallow pure waterMildly toxic to pets
Common Candelabra TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in winter growing season; withhold almost entirely in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Common Club-rushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic; plant at 30–150 cm (12–60 in) water depthPet-safe
Common CordgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanent wetland/tidal immersionPet-safe
Common Cow-wheatMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep soil evenly moist but never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Common Dog VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water occasionally; keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.Pet-safe
common dogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in first season; largely self-sufficient once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Common Evening PrimroseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; highly tolerant of drought once establishedPet-safe
Common FoxgloveMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water weekly in dry spellsToxic to pets
Common Foxtail CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 10-21 days in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Common Garden TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Naturally rainfall-dependent; water sparingly if dry after plantingToxic to pets
Common GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice per week during active growthToxic to pets
Common Goldfish PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Common GorseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)rarely after establishmentToxic to pets
Common Grape HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in spring during active growth; dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Common Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall typically sufficient; water lightly once per week only in very dry springsToxic to pets
Common HeatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly in dry spells for the first two seasons; established plants are moderately drought-tolerantPet-safe
Common HepaticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; reduce in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Common hollyhockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when established; more in heat or droughtMildly toxic to pets
Common HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when in active growth; withhold water during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Common immortelleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Common IronweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate to high — keep soil moistMildly toxic to pets
Common JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly while establishing and in dry spells; water when the top few cm of soil driesPet-safe
Common JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water deeply but infrequently once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Common KnapweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only to establishMildly toxic to pets
Common LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week in the first year, then only in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Common LimeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular in first 2–3 years; occasional once establishedPet-safe
Common Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Common MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once establishedPet-safe
Common manzanitaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once established — water sparingly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Common MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; weekly when establishing, drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Common MilkwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Common peonyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; reduce after bloomMildly toxic to pets
Common Peony 'Rubra Plena'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week during dry spring and summer weather; minimal watering once dormantToxic to pets
Common PolypodyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days; tolerates extended dry periods once establishedPet-safe
Common PoppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; water seedlings until establishedToxic to pets
Common PothosMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysToxic to pets
Common Quaking GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Common RhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during dry periods; established plants are tolerant but flower best with consistent moistureToxic to pets
Common RushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently wet or standing water to 15 cm (6 in) deepPet-safe
Common Saltmarsh GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tidal — periodic saltwater floodingPet-safe
Common Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — drought-tolerant once established; tolerates periodic waterloggingPet-safe
Common SnowdropMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Naturally moisture-retentive soil; supplemental watering in dry spells during growthToxic to pets
Common Spike-rushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic to waterlogged; plant at 0–30 cm (0–12 in) water depthPet-safe
Common Spotted OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Common Star of BethlehemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; self-sufficient in a UK garden once establishedToxic to pets
Common Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Naturally rain-fed; no supplemental watering needed for wild or meadow plantingsMildly toxic to pets
Common teaselDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely needs supplemental watering once established; water seedlings regularlyPet-safe
Common ToadflaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once established; water only in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Common tobaccoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days; maintain consistently moist soilToxic to pets
Common Tussock GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; tolerates extended dry periodsPet-safe
Common Water StarwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged or marginalPet-safe
Common Water StarwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fully submerged or surface-floating — permanent aquaticMildly toxic to pets
Common Witch HazelMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Roughly every 7-10 days during establishment; established plants need watering every 10-14 days in dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Common Witch Hazel 'Arnold Promise'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist in the first years and during droughtsMildly toxic to pets
Commutatum FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Compact Alpine FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; regular when establishing, low to moderate once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Compact AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 days in summer; every 7–14 days in winterPet-safe
Compact bog rosemaryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; never allow to dry outToxic to pets
Compact Gem Bosnian PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Compact Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in the growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Compact Japanese Umbrella PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Compact Plume Japanese CedarBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly throughout the growing season; reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Compact White FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water regularly when young; drought tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Compact White FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days during the first two years; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Compacta HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering when establishing, then every 7-14 days in dry periodsToxic to pets
Comparettia falcataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep roots evenly moist, watering as they approach (but before they reach) dryness, often every 2-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Compass PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Compassion RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly when young; established plants when the top 5 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Compressed PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow compost to dry substantially between waterings)Pet-safe
Compton's GibbaeumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in autumn and spring (active growth); withheld or near-dry in summer and reduced in winterPet-safe
Compton's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly every 2-4 weeks in summer; none from late autumn through winter leaf renewalPet-safe
Concrete LeafDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; every 1-2 weeks in active growth (autumn/spring), nearly dry in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Coneflower 'White Swan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry; established plants are drought-tolerant once settled after the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Confederate RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during growth; deeply once or twice per weekMildly toxic to pets
Congo cockatoo impatiensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Congo CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks (growing season); monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Conica Jean's Dilly SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply weekly in the first two seasons, then during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum (Living Pebbles)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Only when soil is bone-dry during the autumn-to-spring growth season; keep nearly dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum UviformeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Only during the cool autumn-to-spring growing season, roughly every 10-14 days when soil is dry; kept dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Constance Spry RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly while establishing; mature plants when the top few centimetres of soil dryPet-safe
Constricted MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in summer heat; every 2–3 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Cook PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
CoontieBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Cooper's Haworthia (Pilifera)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, far less in winterPet-safe
Copiapoa cinereaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when fully dry in summer, roughly every 2-3 weeks; little to none in winterPet-safe
Copiapoa humilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep bone-dry in winterPet-safe
Copiapoa hypogaeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when fully dry in summer, roughly every 2-3 weeks; little to none in winterPet-safe
Copiapoa krainzianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Copper Angel MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week; keep substrate slightly moistPet-safe
Copper IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist to waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Copper Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; rain-triggeredToxic to pets
Coquimbo CopiapoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Cora XDR vincaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4–7 days once established; water young transplants more frequentlyToxic to pets
Coral AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Coral Bark Japanese Maple 'Sango-kaku'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice weekly through the growing seasonPet-safe
Coral Bark MapleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 days in summer; reduce in winterPet-safe
Coral bellsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during active growth; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Caramel'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, around weekly in growth; more in heat and for containersPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Caramel'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days during active growthPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Electra'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Lime Rickey'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days during active growthPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Obsidian'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in growth; more in heat and for container plantsPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Obsidian'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 5-7 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Palace Purple'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in growth; more in heat and for container plantsPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Palace Purple'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Coral Berry BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep central cup filled; water soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Coral Berry BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; water compost every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Coral CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 weeks; let the soil dry out almost fully between wateringsToxic to pets
Coral LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 2–3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Coral PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Cordyline australisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Coreopsis 'Jethro Tull'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Limerock Ruby'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Mercury Rising'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Moonbeam'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; weekly to establish, then sparinglyPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Moonbeam'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Route 66'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Ruby Sunset'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Sienna Sunset'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Sunkiss'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Sunray'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Uptick Gold and Bronze'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Coreopsis 'Zagreb'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in extended drought; drought-tolerant once settledPet-safe
Coreopsis grandiflora 'Early Sunrise'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only during drought; drought-tolerant once settledPet-safe
Coris-Leaved St John's WortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly once establishedToxic to pets
Cork PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks; very sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Cork-Stemmed PassionflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week until established; less once maturePet-safe
Corkscrew RushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil permanently wet; top up the water saucer every 3–5 daysPet-safe
Corn MarigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — water only in dry spellsToxic to pets
Corn plantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Corn-Leaf PitcairniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 5–7 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Cornelia RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season, increasing in heatPet-safe
CornflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — water during establishment onlyPet-safe
Cornish heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 2–3 weeks once settledPet-safe
Cornish Heath Mrs D.F. MaxwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly during dry spells, especially in the first two yearsPet-safe
Cornus kousa 'Miss Satomi'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply weekly while establishing; supplement in dry spellsPet-safe
Corrugated SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)WeeklyMildly toxic to pets
Corsican HeathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water occasionally once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Corsican Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Coryphantha macromerisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Coryphantha viviparaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
CosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly wateringPet-safe
Cosmos 'Sensation'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young plants until established, then only in prolonged drought; drought-tolerant once rootedPet-safe
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Picotee'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation White'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Cosmos sulphureus 'Bright Lights'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Cosmos sulphureus 'Klondike'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days once establishedPet-safe
Cosson's GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly every 2–3 weeks in summer; minimal to none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Costa Rica PitayaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 2-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Costa Rican Goldfish VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2 cm of mix has dried; every 5–8 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Cotinus coggygria 'Golden Spirit'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; sparingly once matureMildly toxic to pets
Cotinus coggygria 'Grace'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; rarely thereafter once rootedMildly toxic to pets
Cotinus obovatusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; very rarely once matureMildly toxic to pets
Cotoneaster BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 1-3 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cotoneaster microphyllusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 1-3 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cotton Candy FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Cottontop CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks in summer; completely dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cotyledon EliseaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Cotyledon OrbiculataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Cotyledon PapillarisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Cow ParsleyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; water during dry spells in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
CowslipMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly in active growth, reduce to once weekly when dormant in summerToxic to pets
Cowslip OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Lightly during autumn to spring growth; completely dry during summer dormancyPet-safe
Crabapple 'Evereste'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment and dry spellsToxic to pets
Crabapple 'Hanagasa'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, frequently daily in summer and less in dormancyToxic to pets
Crabapple 'John Downie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while young and in summer droughtToxic to pets
Crabapple BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the surface soil starts to dry, often once or twice daily in summerToxic to pets
Cramer's Amazon celosiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 daysPet-safe
Crane's Bill Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water lightly; allow the soil surface to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Crape JasmineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during growing season; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Crassula AlstoniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth and barely at all in dormancyToxic to pets
Crassula CapitellaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth and far less in winterToxic to pets
Crassula ColumnarisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth and almost none during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Crassula FalcataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Crassula HemisphaericaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; less in summer restToxic to pets
Crassula Hummel's SunsetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth and far less in winterToxic to pets
Crassula MarnierianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Crassula NudicaulisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Crassula PyramidalisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly, only when soil is bone dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; nearly dry over summer restToxic to pets
Crassula RupestrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; very sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Crassula SetulosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Crassula SocialisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Crassula TetragonaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry, about every 7-12 days in summer; sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Crassula UndulataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth and far less in winterToxic to pets
Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly for the first two seasons; established trees are very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Crataegus persimilis 'Prunifolia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly for the first two seasons; established trees are drought-tolerantPet-safe
Crazy-leaf BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Cream Wild IndigoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water weekly in first season onlyToxic to pets
Creeping Baby's BreathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week in dry spells; very little in winterMildly toxic to pets
Creeping Blue BlossomDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the first growing season; established plants are very drought-tolerant and need supplemental watering only in prolonged dry summersMildly toxic to pets
Creeping broad-leaf sedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly and consistently moist; never allow to dry outPet-safe
Creeping Coin PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Creeping ComfreyLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–14 days; largely self-sufficient once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Creeping figBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1cm (half-inch) of compost driesToxic to pets
Creeping GaultheriaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; soil must not dry outToxic to pets
Creeping Globe DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when actively growing; minimal in winterPet-safe
Creeping GlobulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14 days during active growth; virtually none in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Creeping JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; weekly during the first growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Creeping Little BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal once established; rainfall usually sufficient on native sitesPet-safe
Creeping MazusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days; prefers consistently moist soilMildly toxic to pets
Creeping New Zealand CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Creeping PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; every 2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Creeping Phlox 'Blue Ridge'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Creeping SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing seasonPet-safe
Creeping snowberryMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep moistMildly toxic to pets
Creeping SpeedwellBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water when the top 2–3 cm of soil begins to dryPet-safe
Creeping WillowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)frequent — keep soil reliably moistMildly toxic to pets
Creeping Woodland PhloxMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; maintain consistent moistureMildly toxic to pets
Crescent-Leaved Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–4 days during active growth; reduce to every 5–6 days in winterPet-safe
Crested BrackenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 1-2 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Crested Buckler FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; suitable for permanently damp or boggy sitesMildly toxic to pets
Crested Christmas FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days; allow top 2–3 cm to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Crested EuphorbiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Crested GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; keep soil consistently moist during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Crested Hart's Tongue FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly in the growing season, every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Crested IrisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — keep evenly moistToxic to pets
Crested PhlomisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once every 2–3 weeks in summer, barely at all in winterMildly toxic to pets
Crested Silver Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in spring and summerPet-safe
Crested Wood FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil constantly moist; check every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Cretan ArumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during autumn–spring active growth; completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Cretan Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cretan Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Crimean LindenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks in dry summers once maturePet-safe
Crimson and Gold quinceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when newly planted; established plants largely rain-fed in temperate climatesMildly toxic to pets
Crimson CestrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Crimson Flag LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist throughout the growing seasonToxic to pets
Crimson PorteaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Crimson Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic — crown submerged 15–50 cm (6–20 in) below water surfacePet-safe
Crimson-Spot Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks once established; weekly in the first growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Crippsii Hinoki CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days while establishing, then when the top few cm of soil dryMildly toxic to pets
Crispum Hart's Tongue FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Emily McKenzie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during growth and flowering in dry weather; ease off as foliage dies backMildly toxic to pets
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Jackanapes'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; water through dry spells in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Lucifer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth and flowering in dry spells; reduce after foliage dies backMildly toxic to pets
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Solfatare'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during growth and flowering in dry spells; reduce as foliage dies backMildly toxic to pets
Crocosmia masoniorumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during growth and flowering in dry weather; taper off as foliage dies backMildly toxic to pets
CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Natural rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Crocus 'Jeanne d'Arc'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rely on natural rainfall; water only during a dry autumn after planting or a droughty springMildly toxic to pets
Crocus 'Pickwick'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Depend on rainfall; supplemental water only during a dry spell right after autumn planting or active spring growthMildly toxic to pets
Crocus chrysanthus 'Cream Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rely on rainfall; water only during a dry establishment period after planting or a droughty springMildly toxic to pets
Crocus tommasinianus 'Ruby Giant'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-reliant; water only briefly during a dry autumn establishment or droughty early springMildly toxic to pets
Cross GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly until established; drought-tolerant thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Cross PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Cross-leaved heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequently — keep soil consistently moist to wetPet-safe
Cross-leaved Heath Alba MollisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 5–7 days in dry spellsPet-safe
Crossandra (firecracker flower)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil starts to dry, often every 4-7 days in growthPet-safe
CrossvineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; established plants are drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
CrosswortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate — rainfall sufficient in UKMildly toxic to pets
Crown BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2-3 times per week during growing season; weekly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Crown BrodiaeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during autumn-to-spring growth; completely dry from flowering through to early autumnMildly toxic to pets
Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; none from late autumn through winterPet-safe
Crown FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Crown ImperialDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular in spring growth phase; dry to minimal in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Crown of ThornsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks in growth; sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Crown Staghorn FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice weekly in the growing season; once every 10–14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Crown VetchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Crown Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Cryptanthus acaulisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Cryptanthus bromelioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly weeklyPet-safe
Crystal ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water lightly every 5–10 days during the carnivorous growing phase; allow to nearly dry between waterings in summer succulent-leaf phasePet-safe
Crystal Palace lobeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, typically every 2-3 days in summerToxic to pets
Crystal White narrowleaf zinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Ctenanthe CompressaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Ctenanthe Oppenheimiana 'Tricolor'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Cuban LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in autumn through spring; restrict in summerToxic to pets
Cuban Melon CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Cuban PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Cuban Petticoat PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-5 weeks in winterPet-safe
Cuban Royal PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days when young; established trees weekly or rely on rainfallPet-safe
CuckooflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate to high — keep moist at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Cucumber Tree MagnoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks when established; more frequently during active growth in summerPet-safe
Cunninghamia 'Glauca'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water regularly while young, then deeply in dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Cup PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water deeply in dry spells, every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Cupani sweet peaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in warm growing conditions; adjust for rainfallToxic to pets
Cupcake Miniature RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerPet-safe
Cupcakes Blush cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Cuphea hyssopifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
CupuaçuBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil starts to dry, typically every 3-6 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Curio ArticulatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is dry through, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth and every 3-4 weeks while restingToxic to pets
Curio CitriformisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil is dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Curio FicoidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply only when the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and far less in winterToxic to pets
Curio Ficoides 'Mount Everest'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Curio RadicansBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few centimetres are dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Curio RowleyanusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Curio Talinoides var. mandraliscaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Curiosity PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Curly OncidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during growth; every 10–14 days during winter restPet-safe
Curly PondweedBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged; grows in 30 cm to 2 m of waterPet-safe
Curly WaterweedBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged; ponds — no regular water changes needed; aquariums — 20-25% weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Curly-Leaved Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; weekly during the first growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Curly-Wurly RushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Constant — keep roots standing in shallow water or in permanently wet soilPet-safe
Curror's CyphostemmaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in the growing season; once every 6–8 weeks or less in winterToxic to pets
Curved PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow compost to dry between waterings)Pet-safe
Curved-Flower SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular, allowing surface to partially dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Cushion Baby's BreathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; very sparingly or not at all in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cushion DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; soil must dry between wateringsPet-safe
Cushion SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Cushion ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Cusick's CamasBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during autumn through spring growth; reduces naturally as foliage senesces in early summerMildly toxic to pets
Cusick's CamasBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular moisture during spring growth; tolerates drier conditions after foliage dies back in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cusp Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks once established; avoid irrigation in winterPet-safe
Custard AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly when establishing; weekly once mature, reducing in dry dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Custard BiribaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in growing season; reduce in cooler monthsPet-safe
Cut Eye-leafDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in the autumn-spring growing season when the body shows light wrinkling; completely dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cut-Leaved CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; keep soil moist during spring and summerPet-safe
Cuthbertson's DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium surface begins to dry, roughly every 1-3 daysPet-safe
Cutleaf coneflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly during establishment; weekly or more in dry spells once establishedPet-safe
Cutleaf FleabaneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during active growth; very little in winterPet-safe
Cutleaf ToothwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during the active growth period (March–May); none needed once dormant in summer.Pet-safe
Cycas PanzhihuaensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Cycas RumphiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeksToxic to pets
Cyclamen-flowered DaffodilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during autumn to late spring; dry summer dormancyToxic to pets
Cylindric ArumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry during the growing season; cease watering during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Cylindric Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; regular watering during establishmentPet-safe
Cylindrical Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly; almost none in winterPet-safe
Cylindrical Snake PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring and summer; roughly monthly in winterToxic to pets
Cymbidium 'Red Beauty'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4-7 days in growth; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Cymbidium 'Sarah Jean'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in growth, about every 5-7 days, drier in winterPet-safe
Cymbidium 'Showgirl'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4-7 days in growth; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Cymbidium devonianumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Cymbidium erythrostylumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Cymbidium Golden Elf 'Sundust'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4-7 days in growth; every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Cyperus longusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the soil wet to saturated; grow in shallow water up to about 5-15 cm or in permanently boggy groundMildly toxic to pets
Cyperus SedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently wet; shallow water up to 15 cm deepPet-safe
Cyperus-Like SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanent moisture; plant in standing water up to 15 cm deepPet-safe
Cyprus CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days when young; established trees rely mostly on rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Cyprus CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Cyrtomium macrophyllumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Cystopteris bulbiferaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water when the surface begins to dry, roughly every 3-6 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Cystopteris fragilisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist while in growth, watering when the top 1-2 cm of soil dries, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rely on rainfall in autumn-spring; keep dry in summerToxic to pets
DaffodilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate during active growth (autumn–spring); dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Dagger-Leaf RushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Frequent to constant — soil must remain moist to wet at all timesPet-safe
Daghestan SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
DahliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering 2-3 times per week, more in heatToxic to pets
DahliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Ace Summer Sunset'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply 2-3 times a week in summer once established, more during heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Akita'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in warm weatherToxic to pets
Dahlia 'American Dawn'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week, more during heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Bishop of Dover'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm of soil dries out, roughly every 3-5 days in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Bishop of Llandaff'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week in active growth; keep evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Bishop of Llandaff'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Bishop of Oxford'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, typically every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Boom Boom White'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply 2-3 times a week through summer once established, more in heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Bora Bora'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering 2-3 times weekly once established, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Breakout'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week, more in heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Cafe au Lait'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Camano Ariel'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days, or when the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dryToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Contraste'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days, or when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Decorette Rose'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days; container plants may need daily watering in hot weatherToxic to pets
Dahlia 'El Trasno'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, approximately every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Fire Magic'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days once established, or when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Gallery Art Deco'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times weekly, more for containersMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Ginger Snap'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply 2-3 times a week in summer once established, more in heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Hollyhill Black Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week, more in heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Jazz'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Karma Choc'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times weekly once growing stronglyMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Karma Naomi'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week once established, more in heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Labyrinth'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week, increasing in heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Mingus Tina'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3-4 days during active growth, more frequently in hot weatherToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Mrs Eileen'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Mystery Day'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Mystic Illusion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times weekly when in growthMildly toxic to pets
Dahlia 'Orange Mullet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days, or when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Penhill Dark Monarch'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Penhill Watermelon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week, more during heatToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Purple Taiheijo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Rip City'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Senior Ball'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days; more often in hot weatherToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Soda Fountain'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3-4 days in warm weather; less in cool spellsToxic to pets
Dahlia 'Thomas Edison'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times weekly during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Dahurian JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks once established; more frequent in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Dahurian LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; minimal once establishedPet-safe
Dainty Bess RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly during growthPet-safe
Dalit DurianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily to every other day in dry spells; less frequent during rainy seasonsPet-safe
Dalmatian CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Dalstroem's Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting or watering; roots must remain continuously moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Danford IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in late winter and early spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Danica Globe ArborvitaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — keep soil evenly moist, especially in heatPet-safe
Daphne cneorumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top few centimetres of soil are dry; keep evenly moist but sharply drainedToxic to pets
Daphne laureolaLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly while establishing; rarely once establishedToxic to pets
Daphne mezereumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top few centimetres of soil are dry; keep evenly moist, never waterloggedToxic to pets
Daphne odoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top few centimetres of soil are dry; keep evenly moist, never soggyToxic to pets
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top few centimetres of soil are dry; keep evenly moist but never wetToxic to pets
Daphne x burkwoodii 'Carol Mackie'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top few centimetres of soil are dry; keep evenly moist, never waterloggedToxic to pets
Darcey Bussell RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in growth; container plants more oftenPet-safe
Darcy's SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular to moderate — allow soil surface to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Dark Beauty heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first season; as needed once establishedPet-safe
dark form scindapsusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Dark Green CeratozamiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly in summer; every 2–3 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Dark Velvet KohleriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Darley Dale heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Darley Dale Heath FurzeyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly in dry spells; reduce in winter unless the soil is very dryPet-safe
Darwin's barberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Darwin's BarberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Darwin's SlipperBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderately — water when the top of the compost is barely dryMildly toxic to pets
Darwin's Slipper PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the growing medium dries slightlyMildly toxic to pets
David viburnumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice weekly when establishing; monthly once matureMildly toxic to pets
Davidia involucrataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in dry spells, especially the first few yearsMildly toxic to pets
Dawn Redwood 'Gold Rush'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the surface soil starts to dry; keep consistently moist, every 5-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Dawn Redwood 'Ogon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the topsoil begins to dry; keep evenly moist, every 5-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Dawn Redwood BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily or twice daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Dawn viburnumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in the first two seasons; every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Daybreak Red Stripe Treasure FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
DaylilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly; keep moist in the first seasonToxic to pets
Daylily 'Autumn Minaret'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-14 days during active growth; minimal in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Bitsy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season; reduce to once every 2-3 weeks as foliage dies backToxic to pets
Daylily 'Black-eyed Stella'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Bumble Bee'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days in active growth; every 2-3 weeks once dormantToxic to pets
Daylily 'Catherine Woodbery'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season; every 2-3 weeks during dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Chicago Apache'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly every 7-10 days during the growing season; reduce to every 2-3 weeks in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Chorus Line'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth and rebloom cycles; reduce to every 2-3 weeks in dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Crimson Pirate'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; every 2-3 weeks in dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Double River Wye'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; every 2-3 weeks during dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Fragrant Returns'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; consistent moisture supports multiple rebloom cyclesToxic to pets
Daylily 'Frans Hals'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Daylily 'Golden Zebra'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season; reduce to every 2-3 weeks as foliage dies backToxic to pets
Daylily 'Happy Returns'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthToxic to pets
Daylily 'Hyperion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; every 2-3 weeks in dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Ice Carnival'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; every 2-3 weeks in dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Joan Senior'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; every 1-2 weeks in winter (evergreen foliage requires some moisture year-round in mild climates)Toxic to pets
Daylily 'Little Grapette'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; every 2-3 weeks in dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Luxury Lace'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Mary Todd'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Midnight Magic'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Miss Amelia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Mozhart'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Nile Crane'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Orange Velvet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Pan for Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Pardon Me'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Pearl Lewis'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Prairie Blue Eyes'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Primal Scream'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days in summerToxic to pets
Daylily 'Purple d'Oro'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Red Hot Returns'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Rosy Returns'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Ruby Spider'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days during summerToxic to pets
Daylily 'Sanctuary'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Daylily 'Siloam Double Classic'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly every 7-10 days during the growing season, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'Siloam Virginia Henson'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'So Lovely'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'Stafford'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'Stella de Oro'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Daylily 'Stoke Poges'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'Strawberry Candy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'Tiger Bloodlines'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'Tuscawilla Snowfall'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'When I Dream'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Daylily 'Wind Frills'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season, or when the top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Dazzler cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established; every 10–14 days once establishedPet-safe
Debbie GraptoveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Deceptive MammillariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Deciduous Azalea 'Gibraltar'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly through summer, more in heatToxic to pets
Deer GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; monthly or less in cool monthsPet-safe
Degroot's Spire ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Two to three times weekly while young; weekly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Delphinium 'Black Knight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3-5 days in growth; keep soil consistently moist, never dryToxic to pets
Delphinium 'Galahad'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3-5 days in growth; keep the soil consistently moist, never dryToxic to pets
Delphinium 'Magic Fountains'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water deeply 2-3 times weekly in growthToxic to pets
Delphinium 'Pacific Giant'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water deeply 2-3 times weekly in growthToxic to pets
Delphinium grandiflorum 'Blue Butterfly'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4-7 days; keep soil moist but well-drained, avoiding extremesToxic to pets
Delta DraculaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2-3 days, never allowing roots to dry out completelyPet-safe
Delta Pure White pansyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in warm weather; weekly in cool, wet conditionsPet-safe
Delta VygieDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, approximately every 10-14 days in the growing season; very sparingly once a month in winterPet-safe
Dendrobium phalaenopsisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is approaching dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Dense Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly through spring and summer; minimal in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Dense Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Dense TrichodiademaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn and spring flowering seasons; reduced to monthly or less in summer and winterPet-safe
Dense-flowered PachypodiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Densiformis YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Deodar CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during first 2 years; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Deodar Cedar 'Karl Fuchs'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks while establishing, then sparinglyMildly toxic to pets
Deparia acrostichoidesLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2 cm starts to dry, roughly every 4-7 days in growthPet-safe
Desdemona LigulariaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Constantly moist to wet; never let it dry out — water generously in dry spells, sometimes daily in heatMildly toxic to pets
Desert BromeliadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)every 14–21 days in summer, rarely in winterPet-safe
Desert Privet PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Deshojo Japanese MapleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; frequently daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Deutschland AstilbeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; water when the top 2-3 cm dries, about every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Deutzia 'Elegantissima'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Deutzia 'Magnifica'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Deutzia 'Mont Rose'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Deutzia 'Nikko'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first season; during dry spells once establishedPet-safe
Deutzia 'Nikko'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Deutzia gracilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first year, then during dry spellsPet-safe
Deutzia scabra 'Plena'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then in dry spellsPet-safe
Deutzia x elegantissima 'Rosealind'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then during droughtsPet-safe
Devil's-bit ScabiousBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep soil consistently moist throughout spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
DeVoss CodonantheBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; allow top 1–2 cm of medium to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Deyke's Wax PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Diablo Orange CosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Diana Clare PulmonariaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 4-6 days in dry spells, more in potsMildly toxic to pets
Diana Rose of SharonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Diane's Gold BrunneraLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm dries, roughly every 4-6 days in heatMildly toxic to pets
Dianthus 'Doris'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top few cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Dianthus 'Mrs Sinkins'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top few cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Dianthus deltoidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Dianthus gratianopolitanus 'Firewitch'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when soil is dry; very drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Diapensia-Like SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — water sparingly in spring and summer; virtually none in winterPet-safe
Diascia 'Wink Coral Pink'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-3 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Diascia barberae 'Piccadilly'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-3 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Dicentra formosa 'Luxuriant'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Dickie's Bladder FernLow light (north window or shaded room)2-3 times per week in the growing season; reduce in winter dormancyPet-safe
Dicliptera suberectaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Didissandra unifloraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of mix begins to dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Dieffenbachia 'Compacta'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerToxic to pets
Dieffenbachia 'Tropic Snow'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerToxic to pets
Digitalis 'Camelot Cream'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in dry spellsToxic to pets
Digyna Sweet BoxLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 10-14 days during the first two growing seasons; established plants are drought-tolerant and need watering only in extended dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Dilys CranesbillMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water once a week during dry spells; largely self-sufficient once established in UK conditionsPet-safe
Dimpled Trout LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist from emergence to dormancy (late winter to late spring)Mildly toxic to pets
Dinnerplate Dahlia 'Café au Lait'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week in active growth once sprouted; keep evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Dinter's Eye PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn through late winter; none in summerPet-safe
Dinter's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks in summer growing season; none during autumn-winter leaf renewalPet-safe
Dinteranthus puberulusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Lightly in late-summer to autumn growth; near-dry the rest of the yearPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'Akai Ryu'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand in 1-2 cm of pure water while growingPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'B52'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand in 1-2 cm of pure water in the growing seasonPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'Cupped Trap'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep media constantly damp; sit in 1-2 cm of water in the growing season, less in dormancyPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'Dentate Traps'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist; tray-water with pure waterPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'Red Dragon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist; tray-water with pure waterPet-safe
Dioon mejiaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Dioscorides' ArumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate during active growth (autumn–spring); dry off completely in summerToxic to pets
DipladeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly in summer; every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Disc CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix has been completely dry for a few days, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; almost no water from October to MarchPet-safe
Dischidia majorBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium nears dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Dischidia platyphyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium is mostly dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Dischidia ruscifolia 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the medium is just dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Disk Staghorn FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak when the root mass is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Distant-Flowered DyckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and every 30-45 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Divergent VanheerdeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in the autumn-spring growing season when the leaves show slight wrinkling; completely dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Divine Orange New Guinea ImpatiensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-3 days in warm weather; containers in full sun may need daily watering in peak summerMildly toxic to pets
Divisilobum Soft Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; reduce in winterPet-safe
Dog RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first growing season; rarely once establishedPet-safe
Dog's Tooth VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during active growth; minimal when dormantMildly toxic to pets
DogwoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate — water during establishment; drought-tolerant thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Dogwood 'Eddie's White Wonder'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Dolce Blackcurrant HeucheraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyPet-safe
Don Juan RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Dorothy's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in summer (active growth); none from mid-autumn to late spring during restPet-safe
Dorothy's Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water only when the new leaf pair is actively growing (late summer to autumn); completely dry at all other timesPet-safe
Dotted Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks once established; moderate during first seasonPet-safe
Dotted PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Double Angel's TrumpetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days in summer (keep soil consistently moist)Toxic to pets
Double BloodrootMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during spring growth; withhold or greatly reduce during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Double Click Cranberries CosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days in summerPet-safe
Double Click Snow Puff cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly once established; more frequent in heatPet-safe
Double Delight RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week, more in heatPet-safe
Double King CupBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently moist to standing water 0–5 cm deepMildly toxic to pets
Double Knock Out RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)About 2.5 cm weekly, deep wateringPet-safe
Double Marsh MarigoldBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently moist to standing water 0–5 cm deepMildly toxic to pets
Double Pink OleanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly when establishing; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Double Pinwheel FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Double-Flowered BloodrootMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate in spring; reduce as plant approaches dormancy in summerToxic to pets
doublefile viburnumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; every 10–14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Doublefile Viburnum 'Mariesii'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep soak when the top 5 cm of soil dries, roughly weekly in the first two seasonsPet-safe
Douglas FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during first 3 years; established trees tolerate moderate drought in cool climatesMildly toxic to pets
Douglas PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; twice monthly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Douglas's PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — allow soil to partially dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Dove MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; the root zone must remain continuously moistPet-safe
Dove's-Foot CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only during extended droughtPet-safe
Downy OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely once established; weekly in first 1–2 yearsMildly toxic to pets
Downy Painted CupDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently, once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Downy PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; every 2-3 weeks when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Downy Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly; nearly dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Downy SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water when the top 5 cm of soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Downy Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in active growth; every 14-21 days in autumn and winterPet-safe
Downy Yellow VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep evenly moistPet-safe
DracaenaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena 'Janet Craig'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days; when the top third of the soil is dryToxic to pets
Dracaena AletriformisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena ArboreaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena AubryanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena BicolorBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena BrauniiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Soil: when top 2-3 cm is dry, every 7-10 days. Water culture: top up weekly, full change every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Dracaena CinnabariDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is largely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Dracaena CompactaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena Deremensis Janet CraigLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena DracoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is mostly dry, roughly every 14-21 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena EllenbeckianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena HookerianaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena Marginata BicolorBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena ReflexaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 1-2 weeksToxic to pets
Dracaena Reflexa Song of JamaicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 1-2 weeksToxic to pets
Dracaena Sanderiana VariegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soil: when top 2-3 cm is dry, every 7-10 days. Water culture: top up weekly, full change every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Dracaena Trifasciata MikadoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Dracaena UmbraculiferaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracaena VolkensiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dracula bellaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep continuously moist, watering every 2-3 days so the medium never dries fullyMildly toxic to pets
Dracula simiaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep continuously moist, watering every 2-3 days so the medium never dries outMildly toxic to pets
Dracula sodiroiLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist at all times, watering about every 2-4 days; the medium should never fully dryMildly toxic to pets
Dracula vampiraLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep the medium evenly moist at all times; water roughly every 2-4 days, never allowing it to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Dragon ArumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately in spring growth, letting the top few cm dry; keep dry once foliage dies down in summerToxic to pets
Dragon Heart CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Dragon treeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dragon Tree ColoramaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Dragon-Head BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly during the growing season; weekly in cool, wet periodsPet-safe
Dragon-Shield BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days; allow partial drying between wateringsToxic to pets
Dragon's Blood StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Drakensberg CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Dressler's ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days (allow soil to partially dry)Toxic to pets
Drooping LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; weekly in dry spellsToxic to pets
Drooping SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–10 days; allow surface to approach dryness between wateringsPet-safe
Drooping Star of BethlehemBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; rainfall usually sufficient in temperate gardensToxic to pets
Drooping Star of BethlehemMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Drooping TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist throughout spring; can tolerate slightly drier conditions in summer dormancy.Mildly toxic to pets
DropwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Drosera anglicaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly saturated; stand in 1-3 cm of pure water through the growing seasonPet-safe
Drosera FiliformisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand the pot in 1-2 cm of pure water during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Drosera intermediaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently saturated; stand in 1-3 cm of pure water at all times during growthPet-safe
Druce's CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water during establishment; once established largely drought-tolerantPet-safe
Drummond's AsterMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderatePet-safe
Drummond's Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray method year-round (reduced in dormancy)Pet-safe
Drymonia serrulataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply during dry spells, roughly weekly in summerPet-safe
Dryopteris carthusianaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist, watering when the top 1-2 cm dries, roughly every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Dryopteris championiiLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water deeply in dry spells, roughly weekly in summer heatPet-safe
Dryopteris dilatataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil moist, watering when the top 2-3 cm dries, roughly every 5-7 days; established plants tolerate short dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Dryopteris dilatata 'Crispa Whiteside'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil moist, watering when the top 2-3 cm dries, roughly every 5-7 days; established clumps tolerate brief drynessMildly toxic to pets
Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Polydactyla'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist; water during dry spells so it never dries outMildly toxic to pets
Dryopteris goldianaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Dryopteris intermediaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist, watering when the top 2-3 cm dries, roughly every 5-7 days; established plants take brief dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Dryopteris ludovicianaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Dryopteris tokyoensisLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep constantly moist to wet; never allow to dry out, watering as often as needed in summerPet-safe
Dryopteris uniformisLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water deeply during dry spells, roughly weekly in summerPet-safe
Duclouxs PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Durat's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist thoroughly 2–3 times per week; a 20-minute soak once a week is sufficient in summer. Reduce to every 10–14 days in winter.Pet-safe
DurianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequent deep watering; keep soil moist with a brief drier spell to trigger floweringMildly toxic to pets
Dusky Coral PeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; moderate during establishmentMildly toxic to pets
Dusty zenobiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist — water deeply and regularly, especially in summer heatToxic to pets
Dutch IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Dutch Staghorn FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mount feels dry or the shield fronds are crisp, soak every 7-14 days in growing seasonPet-safe
Dutchman's BreechesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days in spring; none needed once dormantToxic to pets
Dutchman's pipeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during the growing season; less in cool dormancy.Toxic to pets
Duvalia caespitosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Duvalia corderoyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Duvalia politaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, around every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Alberta SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days when establishing; deep soak when the top few cm of soil dry outPet-safe
Dwarf Arolla PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; water weekly when establishing, then drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Astilbe 'Pumila'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil moist; water every 3-5 days in summer, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Balsam FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly; maintain consistently moist soilMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week in summer, reduce in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Bearded IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; minimal in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf BirchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular moisture; do not allow to dry out, especially in summerPet-safe
Dwarf Black SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in summer, every 2–3 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Blue Lawson CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during establishment (first 2 years), then moderateMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf blue rhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Dwarf Blue SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days when young; deep, infrequent watering once establishedPet-safe
Dwarf Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 5–8 days in the growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Caribbean gesneriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days; do not allow to dry outPet-safe
Dwarf Cavendish BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 2-4 days in active growthPet-safe
Dwarf Cedar of LebanonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; bi-weekly once establishedPet-safe
Dwarf Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Chinese JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — water young plants regularly; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Coast RedwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks; more in summer heatPet-safe
Dwarf Common JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Creeping JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — dry Mediterranean dormancy essential; water only at planting and rely on winter rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeksToxic to pets
Dwarf Eastern White PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; keep soil evenly moist, especially in the first 2–3 yearsMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf EdraianthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow to dry thoroughly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Fan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during growing season; reduce to fortnightly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Dwarf Fernleaf BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week during the growing season; reduce significantly in winterPet-safe
Dwarf FraileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 12-16 days in summerPet-safe
Dwarf Golden Oriental ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — weekly when young, reduced once establishedToxic to pets
Dwarf Golden Oriental ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; more frequently in hot, dry summersToxic to pets
Dwarf Greenstripe BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week in summer, once per week in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Hinoki CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during establishment; moderate once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Hinoki CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days depending on seasonMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Dwarf HorsetailMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently wet; stand pot in water trayMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Indigo BushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Establish with occasional deep watering for the first season; essentially no supplemental water needed once the taproot is developedPet-safe
Dwarf Jamaican HeliconiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 days in growth, weekly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Japanese Black PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate when young; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Japanese White PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; water weekly when youngMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Japanese YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Dwarf Korean LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then every 1-2 weeks in dry spellsPet-safe
Dwarf Lady's MantleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; established plants tolerate some droughtPet-safe
Dwarf LewisiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during spring growth; completely dry in summerPet-safe
Dwarf Mountain Laurel ElfBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; maintain even moistureToxic to pets
Dwarf Oriental SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; reduce to monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf PalmettoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Pampas GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Dwarf PierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep evenly moistToxic to pets
Dwarf Serbian SpruceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; occasional deep watering in winter if soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf SnowberryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly, keeping soil consistently moistToxic to pets
Dwarf Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; less when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Sugar PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Dwarf Sugar PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 14 days in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Sweet FlagMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently moist to wet; tolerate shallow submersionPet-safe
Dwarf Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil permanently moist; water as soon as the surface feels barely dryMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks during the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Dwarf TrilliumLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist from spring emergence until dormancy; minimal watering once dormantMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; water at planting then only if soil dries out completely; cease watering after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Dwarf Umbrella PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Dwarf VandaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily to every 2 days in active growth; every 3–4 days in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Water CloverMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged or in saturated substrateMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf White CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular to frequent; tolerates wet soils and does not require drought managementMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Whitestripe BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; water every 4–6 days during the growing season, reducing in autumn and winterPet-safe
Dwarf Windmill PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; little supplemental water once maturePet-safe
Dyckia 'Cherry Cola'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Dyckia brevifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, far less in winterPet-safe
Dyckia fosterianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, rarely in winterPet-safe
Dyckia leptostachyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Dyckia marnier-lapostolleiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Dyckia velascanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Dyer's Air PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting plus weekly soakPet-safe
Dyer's CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–6 weeksToxic to pets
Dyer's Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growing season; reduce to monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Dyer's MacrozamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season; once a month or less in summer drought/winterToxic to pets
Dynastes MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when medium approaches dryness, roughly every 1-2 days in warm monthsPet-safe
Dypsis MadagascariensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in warmthMildly toxic to pets
Eared AbutilonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Eared SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in summer, less in winterPet-safe
Eared StrobilanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times weekly in summer; weekly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Early GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Early Purple OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moist in spring; reduce significantly once summer dormancy beginsMildly toxic to pets
Early SquillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during active growth; keep drier in summerToxic to pets
Earth-colored Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the active autumn-to-spring period; none in summerPet-safe
East Himalayan FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during establishment; drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Easter LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2–3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Easter Lily CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil dries, roughly weekly to fortnightly in summer; keep almost dry in winterPet-safe
Easter Lily Cactus ClumpBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Eastern Bee BalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Eastern Cape Blue CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–6 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterToxic to pets
Eastern Cape CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 21–30 days; extremely drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Eastern Cape CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks; less in winterToxic to pets
Eastern CyclamenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Minimal in summer dormancy; rely on rainfall during autumn–spring growthToxic to pets
Eastern EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only when the top 2 cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Eastern HemlockMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; regular moisture required long-termPet-safe
Eastern Red CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once established; water young transplants for 1–2 seasonsMildly toxic to pets
Eastern Red ColumbineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 3-5 cm of soil dries, roughly weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Eastern Skunk CabbageLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously waterlogged; tolerates standing waterToxic to pets
Eaton's FirecrackerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; minimal winter irrigationPet-safe
Ebracteola montis-moltkeiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep nearly dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Eccremocarpus scaberDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist through the growing season; water container plants regularlyMildly toxic to pets
EcheveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Echeveria 'Afterglow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Blue Atoll'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Chroma'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer and much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Cubic Frost'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Dondo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, around every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Duchess of Nürnberg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Ice Green'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, far less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Lola'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in the growing season; much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Lola'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Echeveria 'Meridian'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, far less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Minima'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summerPet-safe
Echeveria 'Mira'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer and rarely in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Neon Breakers'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Orion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, far less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Perle d'Azur'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Perle von Nurnberg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in growth; less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Perle von Nürnberg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Raindrops'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Tarantula'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Violet Queen'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria agavoidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria agavoides 'Ebony'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria colorataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria gibbifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria harmsiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria lilacinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth and far less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria pallidaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer and much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria pulidonisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria setosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria shavianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria strictifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Echeveria subsessilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and monthly in winterPet-safe
Echidna Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 14-21 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Echinacea 'After Midnight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly during establishment; once every 10–14 days when fully establishedPet-safe
Echinacea 'Baby White Swan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week in year one; once every 10–14 days when establishedPet-safe
Echinacea 'Cheyenne Spirit'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; weekly while establishing, then mainly in droughtPet-safe
Echinacea 'Cheyenne Spirit'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Echinacea 'Coconut Lime'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week in the first year; once a week or less when fully establishedPet-safe
Echinacea 'Green Envy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Echinacea 'Harvest Moon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days once established; weekly during the first seasonPet-safe
Echinacea 'Hot Papaya'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Echinacea 'Hula Dancer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-6 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Echinacea 'Magnus'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly until establishedPet-safe
Echinacea 'Pink Double Delight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days once established; more frequently during the first growing seasonPet-safe
Echinacea 'Pixie Meadowbrite'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during establishment; every 10–14 days when establishedPet-safe
Echinacea 'PowWow Wild Berry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Echinacea 'Ruby Star'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during the first growing season; deeply once a week or less when establishedPet-safe
Echinacea 'Sunset'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Echinacea 'Tomato Soup'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during the first growing season; every 10–14 days once establishedPet-safe
Echinacea 'Virgin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week for the first growing season; once weekly to once every two weeks when establishedPet-safe
Echinacea 'White Swan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly until establishedPet-safe
Echinocereus coccineusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is bone-dry in growth, roughly every 10-14 days; none over winterPet-safe
Echinocereus engelmanniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry in growing season, about every 10-14 days; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Echinocereus pectinatusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; none in winterPet-safe
Echinocereus rigidissimusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Echinops bannaticus 'Taplow Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water new plants until settledPet-safe
Echinops ritroDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water new plants until rootedPet-safe
Echinops ritro 'Veitch's Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water young plants until rootedPet-safe
EchinopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm are dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer; sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Echinopsis huaschaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry; roughly every 10-14 days in active growth, none in winterPet-safe
Ecuador Angel's TrumpetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days in summer (consistent moisture essential)Toxic to pets
EdelweissDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; reduce to almost nothing in winterPet-safe
Eden Valley bell heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Edging lobeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in warm weather; every 5–7 days in cool conditionsToxic to pets
Edible FockeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (spring–autumn); once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Edith's Air PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 days by mistingPet-safe
Edithcolea grandisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, about every 10-14 days in warm growth; keep dry below 15CMildly toxic to pets
Egerton's Swan OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water generously every 3-5 days during active growth; reduce to once every 2-3 weeks once leaves drop and cease almost entirely in mid-winter restPet-safe
Eglantyne RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly through the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Eitape Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Elegant clarkiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Elegant Turk's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; reduce to every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Elephant bushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Elephant Ears 'Bressingham White'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7-14 days; established plants are relatively drought-tolerant but perform best with consistent moistureMildly toxic to pets
Elephant Ears BergeniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days in summer; reduce to once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Elephant TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a month supplemental irrigation in summer outdoors; every 2–3 weeks for container plants in active growth; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Elephant-foot CyphostemmaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer; minimal in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Elephant's FootBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days during active vine growth; none during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Elephant's Foot PachypodiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top half to two-thirds of the soil is dry in the growing season, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; almost none in winterToxic to pets
Elijah Blue FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days (established); weekly when newly plantedPet-safe
Elina RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the growing season; more in heatPet-safe
Elise's CotyledonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season, every 3–5 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Elizabeth MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks in dry periods once matureMildly toxic to pets
Elk Blue RushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Frequent to constant — keep soil consistently moist or wetPet-safe
Elk Horns Pig's EarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring/summer; monthly or less in autumn/winterToxic to pets
Elkhorn PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Elliptic Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — water regularly but allow soil to partially dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Elliptic KopsiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days when established; more frequently when youngToxic to pets
Ellwoodii False CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water deeply weekly while establishing, then during dry spellsToxic to pets
Elm-Leaf BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; reduce to every 14 days in winterToxic to pets
Elymaitic RosulariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring/summer; monthly or less in autumn/winterMildly toxic to pets
Embothrium coccineumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the root zone evenly moist; water every 5-10 days in dry or hot spells, particularly while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Emerald Blue Creeping PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; drought-tolerant once established (second year onward)Pet-safe
Emerald Gaiety EuonymusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing, then every 10-14 days once matureToxic to pets
Emerald Green ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week when establishing; weekly once rooted inMildly toxic to pets
Emerald Green ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days for young plantsMildly toxic to pets
Emerald n Gold EuonymusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing, then every 10-14 days once matureToxic to pets
Emerald Queen FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in spring and summerPet-safe
Emerald Spike MossMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the soil consistently, evenly moist — never let it dry outPet-safe
Emperor SagoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the pot is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Emperor TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent during growth; summer dry period essentialToxic to pets
Empress of India NasturtiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Empress Wu HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 days in growthToxic to pets
Encephalartos FeroxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, far less in winterToxic to pets
Encephalartos lebomboensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Encephalartos transvenosusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly to fortnightly in summerToxic to pets
Encore Azalea 'Autumn Twist'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About 2-3 times per week while establishing, then weekly; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Encrusted SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; rarely in winterPet-safe
Endura Scarlet VerbenaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysToxic to pets
Engelmann SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — keep soil consistently moist, especially in the first 3 years after plantingPet-safe
English BluebellMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; naturally moist in spring, drier in summerToxic to pets
English ivyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
English Yew BonsaiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, around every 2-4 days in summer and less in winterToxic to pets
Engraved Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late summer through autumn (active growth); withheld or near-zero from May through AugustPet-safe
Entire-leaved PrimroseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in spring; minimal in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Epipremnum amplissimumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Epipremnum Aureum JesseniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Epipremnum Pinnatum Dragon TailBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Epipremnum Pinnatum Skeleton KeyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysToxic to pets
Episcia 'Moss Agate'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Episcia 'Silver Skies'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Episcia reptansBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Equisetum hyemaleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly wet; never let the rootzone dry outMildly toxic to pets
Equisetum japonicumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet or in shallow standing waterMildly toxic to pets
Erman's BirchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering for first 2–3 years; occasional once establishedPet-safe
Ermine StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days during the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Ernest's Turk's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during summer; reduce to once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Ernst's SpurflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Eryngium 'Jade Frost'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water while establishing, then only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Eryngium × zabelii 'Big Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly once established; water only in prolonged drought, roughly every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Eryngium bourgatii 'Picos Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal once established; only during extended dry spells, roughly every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Eryngium giganteum 'Silver Ghost'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely once established; only in prolonged drought, roughly every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Eryngium planum 'Blue Hobbit'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water new plants until rootedMildly toxic to pets
Erythronium 'Pagoda'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil cool and evenly moist in spring; never let bulbs dry out completelyMildly toxic to pets
Eschscholzia californica 'Thai Silk Rose Chiffon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry several centimetres down, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Escobar's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Espostoa lanataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres are dry, about every 2 weeks in summer; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Espostoa melanosteleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the upper soil is dry, about every 2 weeks in summer; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Etched Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the autumn–spring growing period; completely dry through June–AugustPet-safe
Eternal Flame PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly in spring and summer; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Etruscan honeysuckleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry spells; established plants are drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Eucryphia × nymansensis 'Nymansay'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the root zone consistently moist; water every 5-10 days in dry or hot weather, especially while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Euphorbia aeruginosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia ammakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Euphorbia antisyphiliticaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, minimal in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia caput-medusaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2 weeks in summer; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia clavarioidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep bone-dry in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia columnarisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in warm growth, roughly every 2-3 weeks; almost none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia cooperiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia enoplaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; almost none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia esculentaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia feroxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; almost none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia flanaganiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in the growing season, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia globosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth, almost none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia gorgonisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth, near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia grandicornisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia groenewaldiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in the growing season, about every 2-3 weeks; almost none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia horridaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Euphorbia ingensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Euphorbia knuthiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in growth, about every 2-3 weeks; keep nearly dry in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia lactea 'White Ghost'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia mammillarisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia meloformisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Euphorbia milii 'Lutea'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks; less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia milii 'Rosea'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Euphorbia obesa subsp. symmetricaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth; nearly dry over winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia piscidermisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly, only when bone dry, roughly every 3 weeks in growth, nearly none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia polygonaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Euphorbia pseudocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; nearly none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia pulvinataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia resiniferaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep nearly dry in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia schoenlandiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; nearly none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia stellataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly when fully dry in growth, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; none while dormantToxic to pets
Euphorbia suzannaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in summer, sparse in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia symmetricaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth, near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia tirucalli 'Firesticks'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia tortiramaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry during growth, roughly every 2-3 weeks; keep dry in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Euphorbia Trigona 'Rubra'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Euphorbia validaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, near-zero in winterToxic to pets
European AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; deep watering during drought in first 3 yearsPet-safe
European BeechDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, frequently daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
European Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)3-4 times per week in growing season; reduce slightly in winterMildly toxic to pets
European ColumbineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 3 cm of soil dries, roughly weeklyMildly toxic to pets
European Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly weekly in spring/summer; every 2-3 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
European feather grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first growing season; only during extreme drought thereafterPet-safe
European HornbeamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
European LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the surface just starts to dry, frequently twice daily in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
European Wild GingerLow light (north window or shaded room)Moderate; water when the top 3–4 cm of soil dries outToxic to pets
Europeana RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Eveline's Wax PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in summer, every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Everflame Hook SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry weather and keep containers from drying outMildly toxic to pets
Evergold Japanese SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days or when the top 2 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Evergold SedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Evergreen CandytuftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks when establishing; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
evergreen miscanthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days during the growing season; reduce but do not cease in mild wintersPet-safe
Everlasting Sweet PeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Excellent Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in a standing tray of 2–5 cm (1–2 in) of pure water at all times during the growing season; reduce in winter dormancyPet-safe
Expanded Lobster ClawBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 days in the growing season, reducing in winterMildly toxic to pets
Eyelash SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days once establishedPet-safe
Ezo SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top centimetre of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Fagus sylvatica 'Dawyck'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; water in dry spellsToxic to pets
Fagus sylvatica 'Pendula'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering for the first 2-3 years, then rainfall-reliantMildly toxic to pets
Fagus sylvatica 'Purpurea'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep soak in the first 2-3 years, then rainfall-reliantMildly toxic to pets
Fairies' ThimblesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during active growth; less in winterPet-safe
Fairy BellsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular watering autumn to spring; completely dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Fairy Castle CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Fairy fan-flowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in containers; every 7–10 days in-ground once establishedPet-safe
Fairy FlaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — rainfall is generally sufficient; water only during severe summer droughtMildly toxic to pets
Fairy ThimblesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — water regularly during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Fallopia baldschuanicaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply during the first two growing seasons; established plants rarely need irrigationMildly toxic to pets
False Comb CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and essentially none in winterPet-safe
False Indigo BushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering (every 5–7 days) during establishment; drought-tolerant once established, or tolerates periodic inundation in wet sitesMildly toxic to pets
False Pereskia PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; reduce to every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
False PeyoteDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; minimal or none in winterPet-safe
False shamrockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
False Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in the growing season; reduce in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Falstaff RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season; more in heat or sandy soilPet-safe
Fama White scabiosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; less in winterPet-safe
Fanal astilbeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in summer; weekly in cool or wet seasonsPet-safe
Farewell-to-springDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; reduce once establishedPet-safe
Farrer's GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Fastigiata YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Fat Albert Blue SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply weekly for the first two to three years, then during prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Faucaria BosscheanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth and far less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Faulkner boxBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; every 10–14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Feather CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
feather grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; minimal in winterPet-safe
Featherleaf Rodgersia 'Superba'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 2-3 times per week in dry spells, more in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
feathertop grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; every 2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Feathery Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist lightly every 2–3 days in warm conditions; reduce to every 4–5 days in cooler weather.Pet-safe
Feelin' Blue Deodar CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; monthly once establishedPet-safe
FeijoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil dries, roughly weekly in summer, less in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Felicia RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly during the growing season, more often in hot weatherPet-safe
Female BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week in growing season; reduce significantly in dry or cooler periodsPet-safe
Fenestraria AurantiacaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly, roughly every 2-3 weeks during autumn-to-spring growth and withheld through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Fenestraria RhopalophyllaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the leaves start to wrinkle, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth and almost never in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Fennel-Leaved Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — water to establish, then sparinglyPet-safe
Fern-leaf Yarrow 'Gold Plate'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days; very infrequent once establishedToxic to pets
Ferner Osten Maiden GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first season; established clumps tolerate drought and need water only in extended dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Fernleaf yarrowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when top 5 cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Ferocactus glaucescensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Ferocactus schwarziiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Fetcani Pass TwinspurBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when top 2–3 cm of soil dries outMildly toxic to pets
Few-flowered AbutilonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; fortnightly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Few-flowered NeoregeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup topped with water; allow potting medium or mount to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Few-fruited Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Few-leaflet ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 weeksToxic to pets
Few-Toothed Tiger JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during active growth (late summer–autumn); sparingly in winter and springPet-safe
Fiber Optic GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet; never allow it to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Ficus Altissima 'Yellow Gem'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm (2 in) of soil is dryToxic to pets
Ficus pumila 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Ficus Retusa BonsaiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels dry, often every 2-4 days in growthToxic to pets
Ficus RubyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Fida's WeingartiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summer; suspend almost entirely from mid-autumn through winter.Pet-safe
Fiddle-Leaf Fig BambinoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, typically every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Fiddle-leaf PelargoniumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 10-14 days in the growing season; reduce to monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Field BindweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — extremely drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Field ChickweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; very sparingly in autumn and winterPet-safe
Field Elm BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
Field GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during late winter to late spring growing season; dry summer dormancy requiredToxic to pets
Field marigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry spells; self-sufficient once establishedPet-safe
Field Mouse-earDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — drought tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Field poppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once established, every 10–14 days; keep seedbed moist until germinationMildly toxic to pets
Field QuesneliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tank every 7 days; soil every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Field SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days once established; minimal in winterPet-safe
Field ScabiousDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during establishment and dry spells, then occasionallyMildly toxic to pets
Field Wood RushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)No supplemental watering needed in typical temperate climates; relies on natural rainfallPet-safe
Fiery CostusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; every 10-14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Filicoides Hinoki CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days when young, then when the top few cm of soil dryMildly toxic to pets
Filifera Aurea CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days while establishing, then when the top few cm of soil dryMildly toxic to pets
Filmy Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in summer, every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Finger CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil has dried fully, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Finger Poppy MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; highly drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Fingered SedgeLow light (north window or shaded room)Moderate; keep moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
FingertipsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks autumn through spring; minimal to none in summerPet-safe
Fire Alarm HeucheraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about weeklyPet-safe
Fire and Ice HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Fire Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks in summer; withhold in winterMildly toxic to pets
Fire Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; withhold entirely in winterPet-safe
FirebushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established; every 10–14 days once matureMildly toxic to pets
Firecracker plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days; never allow soil to dry fullyPet-safe
Firecracker PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days during growth; every 10–14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Firefly heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; occasional deep watering once establishedPet-safe
Firesticks PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Firethorn BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often daily in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Fireworks Globe AmaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Fishbone FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Fishhook BarrelDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Fishhook Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; little to none from late autumn through winterPet-safe
Fishhook Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Fishtail Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days; less in winterPet-safe
Fishtail Parlour PalmLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days in spring and summer; every 14–21 days in autumn and winterPet-safe
Fishtail Sword FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days in warm weather; every 6–8 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Fittonia albivenis 'Juanita'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Fittonia albivenis 'Purple Vein'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil just starts to dry, often every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Fittonia albivenis 'Skeleton'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil just begins to dry, often every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Fitzgerald's SarcochilusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3-5 days during the growing season; every 7-10 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Five Fingers Arrowhead VineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Five-Fingers SyngoniumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Five-leaf akebiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once a week when establishing; drought-tolerant once matureMildly toxic to pets
Flag Pansy OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium is nearly dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Flag-bearer DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When medium begins to dry, approximately every 2-4 days in active growthPet-safe
Flaky JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; weekly during establishment yearMildly toxic to pets
Flame FreesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water freely in active growth; withhold completely during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Flame nasturtiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly to maintain consistent moisture, especially in spring and summerPet-safe
Flame vineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during establishment; once every 2–3 weeks once established.Mildly toxic to pets
Flamingo Feather CelosiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 daysPet-safe
Flamingo pierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during dry weatherToxic to pets
Flanagan's SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days during the growing season; rarely in winterPet-safe
Flandria Blushing BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh central cup weekly; water soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Flat Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water occasionally during the first growing season, then minimalPet-safe
Flat-Leaf Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-14 days in spring and summer; reduce to every 14-21 days in winterPet-safe
Flat-Leaved CrassulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Flat-Leaved DyckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the compost is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summerPet-safe
Flat-Leaved RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Flat-lipped Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium evenly moist; water every 2–4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Flat-Stem Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in active growth; less frequently in winterPet-safe
Flax-leaved TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during active growth; keep dry in summerToxic to pets
Flesh-coloured HabenariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3-5 days during active growth; completely dry during dormancyPet-safe
Fleshy OrbeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Flexuose NerineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days during active growthToxic to pets
Flexuous Dancing LadyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the bark mix is dry, approximately every 7 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Flexuous OncidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winter restPet-safe
Floating AponogetonMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged bulb with floating leaves; fortnightly 20–25% water changesPet-safe
Floating Bur-reedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully aquatic; floating or lightly rooted in 10–80 cm of waterPet-safe
Florida ArrowrootBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days; much less in winterToxic to pets
Florida ColumneaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2–3 cm of mix driesPet-safe
Florida Silver PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days, less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Florida Silver PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Florida TorreyaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Florist's CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Flower Carpet RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week in the growing season; more in containers or heatPet-safe
Flowering Cherry 'Kanzan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees weekly in dry spells; mature trees rarely need wateringToxic to pets
Flowering currantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when establishing; drought-tolerant once matureMildly toxic to pets
Flowering DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Flowering Dogwood 'Cherokee Chief'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly deep watering, more in droughtPet-safe
Flowering Quince 'Crimson and Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water while establishing; drought-tolerant once settledMildly toxic to pets
Flowering Quince 'Texas Scarlet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first year; rarely needed once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Flowering tobaccoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days; keep soil consistently moistToxic to pets
Fluffy Ruffle FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels barely moist, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Fly BushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep substrate consistently moist but not waterlogged; water every 2–4 days depending on conditionsPet-safe
Fly OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Seasonal; moist in spring, drier in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Fly-catching RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; allow the surface to barely begin to dryPet-safe
Flying Saucer CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, roughly weekly to fortnightly in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Foamy Bells 'Sweet Tea'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Foothill Penstemon 'Margarita BOP'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-21 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Forbes' Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Minimal once established; natural rainfall usually sufficient during growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Forbes' Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall during its growing season; water lightly if spring is unusually dryToxic to pets
Forest Flame pierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during dry periodsToxic to pets
Forest Flame PierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in the growing season; established plants roughly every 10-14 days, more frequently during dry spellsToxic to pets
Forest PepperMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 6–9 days; allow top 3–4 cm of soil to dryMildly toxic to pets
Forget-me-notMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly wateringPet-safe
Forked AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days during active growth; reduced in winter restMildly toxic to pets
Forked SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Sparingly — water only when the growing medium is dryMildly toxic to pets
Forked SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sit in 1–3 cm of standing water at all times during the growing season; reduce to barely moist during winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Forking larkspurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–8 daysToxic to pets
Formosa LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week in active growthToxic to pets
Formosan PolypodyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Formosanum Toad LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water when the top of the soil begins to dry, often twice weekly in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Forrest FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry for young trees, roughly every 10-14 days during establishmentMildly toxic to pets
Forrest Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Forrest's Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Generously and consistently through spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
Forrest's pierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; do not allow to dry outToxic to pets
Forrests PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Forsythia 'Lynwood Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only in extended dry spellsPet-safe
Forsythia 'Show Off'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to establish, then mainly during dry spellsPet-safe
Forsythia SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during active growthPet-safe
Fortune Plum YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Fortune's Basket FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow the rhizome to dry out partially between waterings, roughly every 7-14 days depending on seasonMildly toxic to pets
Fortune's Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Fortune's Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; allow top few centimetres to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Fortune's Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Fortune's Plum YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days; allow the top inch of soil to partially dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Foster's Basket BromeliadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Tank every 5–7 days; soil every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Foster's NeoregeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill the central cup every 5-7 days; water the medium when the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Fothergilla 'Mount Airy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Fothergilla gardeniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Fothergilla majorDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Fountain BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly during the growing season; once weekly in cool periodsPet-safe
Four-angled cassiopeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during the growing season; keep consistently moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Four-Leaf Water CloverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Aquatic — grows in shallow water or moist substrate permanentlyPet-safe
Four-stamen TamariskDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate to low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Fourth of July RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season, more during heatPet-safe
FoxgloveBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly — weekly in summer, less in winterToxic to pets
Foxglove 'Camelot Lavender'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week in dry conditions, ensuring even moisture during flower spike developmentToxic to pets
Foxglove 'Camelot'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry weatherToxic to pets
Foxglove beardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Foxtail FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 inches of soil are dryToxic to pets
Foxtail PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm of soil dries; regularly in growthMildly toxic to pets
Foxtail PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep soak every 2-3 weeks once established; let soil dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Fragrans Maidenhair FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist at all times, often every 2-4 daysPet-safe
Fragrant Bouquet HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly, more in heatToxic to pets
Fragrant BurseraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer growing season; very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Fragrant Hosta 'Guacamole'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days; more in sun and heatToxic to pets
Fragrant OrchidDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low to low — rain-fed onlyMildly toxic to pets
Fragrant Peace LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 daysToxic to pets
Fragrant Solomon's SealLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5-7 days in active growth; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Fragrant StanhopeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily or near-daily during active growth; reduce to every 2–3 days in winterPet-safe
Fragrant StomatiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly in summer; every 2–3 weeks in autumn–springPet-safe
Fragrant Sweet BoxLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 10-14 days during establishment; established plants are very drought-tolerant and require watering only during prolonged dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Fragrant Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Aquatic — permanently grown in standing waterToxic to pets
Fragrant White Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged aquatic — maintain water depth of 30–60 cm over the crownPet-safe
Francee HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Franchet CotoneasterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Franklin's Gem BoxwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep soak weekly during the first two seasons, then every 10-14 days in dry spellsToxic to pets
Franz's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks in the summer growing season; completely dry from mid-autumn to late springPet-safe
Fraser FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly; moist but well-drainedMildly toxic to pets
Frau Dagmar Hartopp RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; drought-tolerant once settledPet-safe
Fred IvesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
French marigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly; let the top 2 cm of soil dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
French TamariskDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Fresh Look Red CockscombDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 daysPet-safe
Freyn's PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Friedrich's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn; none during summer dormancyPet-safe
Friedrich's Window PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn and spring; minimal to none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Friendship PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysPet-safe
Fringed Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyToxic to pets
Fringed CarallumaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Fringed Cliff StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Fringed Cobra LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly during growing season; reduce in dormancyToxic to pets
Fringed CoreopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks once established; more frequently when youngPet-safe
Fringed HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly, allowing soil to dry fullyPet-safe
Fringed LoosestrifeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; keep soil consistently moist to wetMildly toxic to pets
Fritillaria imperialis 'Lutea'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate moisture in spring growth; keep the dormant bulb dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Fritillaria meleagrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist through spring growth; tolerates damp groundMildly toxic to pets
Fritschs Pouch FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; reduce in winter to every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Fritz Luth Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in spring and summer; every 3–5 days in winterPet-safe
Fritz Luth Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in growing season; every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Frohnleiten EpimediumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Front Range BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; minimal in winterPet-safe
frost grassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly or whenever the top 2–3 cm of soil dries out; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Frosted Curls SedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly, or when top 2-3 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Frosty FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface just begins to dry, often 2-3 times per weekPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Alice Hoffman'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil or compost are dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Annabel'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost are dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Beacon'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil or compost are dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Brutus'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil or compost are dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Cardinal Farges'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil are dry, roughly every 8-12 days when establishedPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Celia Smedley'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Fuchsia 'Checkerboard'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost feels dry, roughly every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Fuchsia 'Dark Eyes'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summer basketsMildly toxic to pets
Fuchsia 'Lady Thumb'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Mrs Popple'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil or compost is dry, roughly every 3-5 days during active growthPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Papoose'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost feels dry, roughly every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Fuchsia 'Phyllis'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost feels dry, roughly every 4-6 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Fuchsia 'Snowcap'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 3-5 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Fuchsia 'Swingtime'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-3 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Tom Thumb'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil or compost feels dry, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Fuchsia magellanicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 3-5 days in summer heatPet-safe
Fujian CypressBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Full Moon MapleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in summerPet-safe
Fuller's StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Fuller's TitanopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn to early spring; barely once a month in summer dormancyPet-safe
Furuse's OrostachysDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal watering in winterPet-safe
Furzey Darley Dale heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Fused Tooth Venus flytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist via tray method during growing season; damp only in dormancyPet-safe
Gaillardia 'Arizona Sun'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Burgundy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during the first season; once every 2 weeks or less when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Dazzler'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week in year one; once every 2 weeks or less once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Fanfare'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week during establishment; every 14 days or less once established in the groundMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Goblin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Mesa Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly during establishment; once every 14 days or less when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Mesa Yellow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during establishment; every 14 days or less when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'SpinTop Orange Halo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during establishment; once every 10–14 days when established; check containers every 3–4 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Sun Devil'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days once established; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Tizzy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week during establishment; every 14 days or less when established in the ground; check every 3–5 days in containersMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Torchlight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; reduce sharply in winterMildly toxic to pets
Garden CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; roughly every 7-10 days while establishing, then rarelyMildly toxic to pets
Garden GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering during active growth; reduce after flowering; cease after first frost kills foliageToxic to pets
Garden PhloxBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)1-2 times per week during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Garden Phlox 'David'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Garden Phlox 'David'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Garden Pink 'Mrs Sinkins'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Garden verbenaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days during active growth; reduce in cooler weatherMildly toxic to pets
Gardenia 'Frostproof'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, about every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Gardenia 'Kleim's Hardy'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Garlic BignoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; drought-tolerant when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gasteria (Ox Tongue)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly or less in autumn/winterMildly toxic to pets
Gasteria AcinacifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria ArmstrongiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria BatesianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria GlomerataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria NitidaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria ObliquaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria PillansiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria PulchraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria RawlinsoniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gaura 'Siskiyou Pink'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Gay's PondweedBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged aquatic plantPet-safe
Gazania × hybrida 'Tiger Stripes'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Gazania rigens 'Daybreak Garden Sun'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Geisha Girl flowering quinceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; occasional supplemental watering once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geneva BugleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gentian SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water when the top 2–3 cm of soil dries outPet-safe
Gentian SpeedwellBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once a week in dry conditions; the plant tolerates moderate drought once establishedPet-safe
Gentle Hermione RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week during the growing season; more in heatPet-safe
Georgia Blue SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water when the top 2–3 cm of soil dries outPet-safe
Geranium 'Ann Folkard'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and in dry spells; little once mature.Mildly toxic to pets
Geranium 'Brookside'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and in droughts; minimal once settled.Mildly toxic to pets
Geranium 'Johnson's Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish in the first season; thereafter when the top few cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in dry spellsPet-safe
Geranium 'Nimbus'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and during dry spells; drought-tolerant when matureMildly toxic to pets
Geranium 'Orion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and in dry spells; drought-tolerant once matureMildly toxic to pets
Geranium 'Patricia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3-4 cm dries, roughly weekly in growing season; established clumps tolerate some drynessMildly toxic to pets
Geranium (pelargonium)Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, every 5-10 daysToxic to pets
Geranium × oxonianum 'Wargrave Pink'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Geranium cantabrigienseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; very little once settled.Mildly toxic to pets
Geranium cantabrigiense 'Biokovo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; very little thereafter.Mildly toxic to pets
Geranium cantabrigiense 'Cambridge'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water deeply during the first season; established plants need watering only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Geranium cinereum 'Ballerina'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil are dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium cinereum 'Lawrence Flatman'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres are dry; keep on the dry side once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium cinereum var. subcaulescensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil are dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium clarkei 'Kashmir Purple'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and in droughts; drought-tolerant once settledMildly toxic to pets
Geranium clarkei 'Kashmir White'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and in droughts; drought-tolerant once settledMildly toxic to pets
Geranium endressiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water through establishment; afterwards in dry spells onlyMildly toxic to pets
Geranium himalayenseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first season and in dry spells; established plants are drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Geranium himalayense 'Gravetye'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and during droughts; drought-tolerant once rootedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium himalayense 'Plenum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and in drought; otherwise drought-tolerant once settledMildly toxic to pets
Geranium macrorrhizumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water to establish; afterwards only in extended drought, roughly every 1-2 weeks if very dryPet-safe
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Bevan's Variety'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry; weekly to establish, seldom afterwardsMildly toxic to pets
Geranium macrorrhizum 'Spessart'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water deeply when top 5 cm of soil is dry; established plants need little to no supplemental waterMildly toxic to pets
Geranium maculatumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply when the top 3-4 cm dries, roughly weekly in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium maculatum 'Elizabeth Ann'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply when the top 3-4 cm dries, about weekly during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium nodosumLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 3-5 cm dries; established plants tolerate occasional dryness, roughly every 7-12 days in growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium phaeumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist in its first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium phaeum 'Album'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Geranium phaeum 'Lily Lovell'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Geranium phaeum 'Samobor'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Geranium pratenseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly weekly in the first season and during prolonged dry spells; established plants need little.Mildly toxic to pets
Geranium pratense 'Mrs Kendall Clark'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)About weekly while establishing and in dry spells; little once settled.Mildly toxic to pets
Geranium pratense 'Plenum Violaceum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and during droughts; minimal once mature.Mildly toxic to pets
Geranium pratense 'Victor Reiter Junior'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and in dry spells; sparing once settled.Mildly toxic to pets
Geranium psilostemonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; about weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Geranium renardiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 4-5 cm dries; drought-tolerant once established, roughly every 10-14 days in growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium renardii 'Phillipe Vapelle'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 4-5 cm dries; drought-tolerant once established, roughly every 10-14 days in growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium sanguineumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry; weekly while establishing, infrequently once matureMildly toxic to pets
Geranium sanguineum 'Album'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; established plants are drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Geranium sanguineum 'Max Frei'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium sanguineum var. striatumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium sylvaticumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply when the top 3-4 cm dries, roughly weekly in growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium sylvaticum 'Mayflower'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply when the top 3-4 cm dries, about weekly through the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium wallichianum 'Buxton's Variety'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water during establishment, then keep just-moist through summer; little needed in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Geranium wallichianum 'Syabru'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water during establishment, then keep evenly moist through the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Geranium x magnificumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first season and during drought; established plants are fairly drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Geranium x oxonianumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water through the first season; thereafter only during sustained dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Geranium x oxonianum 'A.T. Johnson'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water through establishment; thereafter only in prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Geranium x oxonianum 'Claridge Druce'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water during the first season; afterwards only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Geranium x oxonianum 'Wargrave Pink'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water during establishment; afterwards only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Germander SpeedwellMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — keep soil consistently moist, especially in summerPet-safe
Gertrude Jekyll RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season; more in heat or sandy soilPet-safe
Geum 'Mrs Bradshaw'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist in summerMildly toxic to pets
Geum 'Mrs. J. Bradshaw'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3 cm of soil dries, about weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Geum 'Prinses Juliana'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist but not waterlogged; water every 4-7 days in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Geum 'Scarlet Tempest'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist in summerMildly toxic to pets
Geum 'Totally Tangerine'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply every 5-7 days in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Geum rivale 'Leonard's Variety'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in dry spells, more in containersMildly toxic to pets
Geyer's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during active growth (autumn to early spring); none in summerPet-safe
Ghost FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, often every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Ghost FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season, reduce in winterPet-safe
Ghost PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Giant ArrowheadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic — plant in still or slow-moving water 10–15 cm (4–6 in) deep; tolerates up to 30 cm (12 in).Pet-safe
Giant Autumn DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal water during autumn–spring growth; bone dry in summerToxic to pets
Giant BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequently; requires abundant moisture year-roundPet-safe
Giant Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in summer; rarely or not at all in winterMildly toxic to pets
Giant BellflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly — keep soil consistently moist throughout the growing seasonPet-safe
Giant Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-8 days in summerPet-safe
Giant Chalk DudleyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Giant Chalk DudleyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14–21 days in summer and every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Giant Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Giant ChincherincheeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days during active growthToxic to pets
Giant Chinese Silver GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; moderate, regular water thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Giant DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly deep watering for young trees; deep watering in droughts for mature specimensPet-safe
Giant DorsteniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Giant Dutchman's pipeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep soil evenly moist but not saturated.Toxic to pets
Giant Feather GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days in the first season while establishing, then rarelyMildly toxic to pets
Giant Fishtail PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly; keep soil moderately moistMildly toxic to pets
Giant Ginger LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Generously during active growth; reduce markedly in autumn and winterPet-safe
Giant Hard FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Giant honeysuckleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly in active growth; reduce significantly in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Giant IxoraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 days in warm weather, once a week in cooler periodsMildly toxic to pets
Giant Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–4 days in active growth; every 5–7 days in winterPet-safe
Giant Mondo GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 7–10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Giant MontbretiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days in the growing season; reduce to occasional watering once foliage yellows in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Giant Pineapple LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during the growing season; minimal in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Giant Pineapple LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-14 daysToxic to pets
Giant Rainbow PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water freely in the wet season (winter/spring); drastically reduce and allow near-drying in summerPet-safe
giant reed grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly; prefers medium to wet conditions and will grow in standing waterMildly toxic to pets
Giant SacatonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; more frequent during establishmentPet-safe
Giant Sacaton GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish the first season, then occasionally in drought, roughly every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Giant Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — water regularly to keep soil evenly moist, especially in summerPet-safe
Giant SequoiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; deep occasional soaks once matureMildly toxic to pets
Giant Sequoia 'Blauer Eichzwerg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry; keep evenly moist, every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Giant Sequoia 'Glaucum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week while establishing; then during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Giant SnowdropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular moisture during growth; tolerates drier summer dormancy than G. nivalisToxic to pets
Giant Snowflake BacopaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of potting mix feels dry, roughly every 3-5 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Giant South American BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly to twice weekly during active growth; reduce in winterPet-safe
Giant Sunburst LotusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Aquatic — continuously in still or gently moving waterMildly toxic to pets
Giant ThevetiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days once established; water deeply during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Giant Thorny BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week during the growing season; reduce in the dry seasonPet-safe
Giant Timber BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week; more frequently in hot weather or during shooting seasonPet-safe
Giant TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist spring through early summer; tolerates drier conditions once fully summer-dormant.Mildly toxic to pets
Giant TyphoniumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly during the growing season; reduce through autumn and winterToxic to pets
Giant VrieseaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Flush cup weekly; water medium every 2 weeksPet-safe
Giant Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Gibbaeum heathiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly in autumn-spring growth; near-zero through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Gibbaeum petrenseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Light watering in autumn-spring; withhold through summerMildly toxic to pets
Gibbaeum velutinumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in autumn-spring; minimal in summerMildly toxic to pets
Ginkgo 'Autumn Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly for the first 2-3 years; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Ginkgo 'Fastigiata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing in the first 1-2 years; rarely once matureMildly toxic to pets
Ginkgo 'Mariken'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young or container-grown; occasionally once established in groundMildly toxic to pets
Ginkgo 'Saratoga'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; minimal once matureMildly toxic to pets
Girard's ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Gireoud's BrassiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 days during active growth; reduce to weekly or less in cooler monthsPet-safe
Glacier PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water very sparingly, letting the soil nearly dry out between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Gladiolus 'Espresso'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist during growth, roughly 25 mm per week and more during spike formationToxic to pets
Gladiolus 'Impressive'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist during growth, roughly 25 mm per week in dry spellsToxic to pets
Gladiolus 'Purple Flora'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist in growth, about 25 mm per week, more in heat and as spikes formToxic to pets
Gladiolus 'Traderhorn'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly weekly, 25mm (1 inch) per week during active growth and buddingToxic to pets
Gladiolus callianthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during growth, keeping soil moist but never soddenToxic to pets
Gladiolus-Flowered WerauhiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill the central tank weekly; water the growing medium every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Glandular Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow soil to dry almost completely between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Glandular Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium consistently moist; water every 2–4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Glandular RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly or not at all in winterPet-safe
Glandular-stemmed MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Glaucous LampranthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer growing season; every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Glaucous SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate — drought-tolerant when establishedPet-safe
Glaziou's FuchsiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water freely in growth; reduce in winterPet-safe
Gleditsia triacanthos 'Sunburst'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly for the first two seasons; established trees are notably drought-tolerantPet-safe
Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly for the first two seasons; established trees are highly drought-tolerantPet-safe
Globe amaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Globe Blue SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first 2 years; every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Globe candytuftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; keep evenly moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Globe-Flowered Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–5 weeks in winterPet-safe
Gloriosa DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry out; about weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Glory of Texas CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 5-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; relies on natural rainfall in most temperate gardensMildly toxic to pets
Glory of the SunDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in growth; completely dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Glossy AbeliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during the first growing season; occasional deep watering once establishedPet-safe
Glyceria maxima 'Variegata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist to shallowly submergedToxic to pets
Gmelin's Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when establishedPet-safe
Gnome SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; water when the surface of the small root zone driesPet-safe
Goat's Horn CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry from late autumn through winterPet-safe
Goat's Horn CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Goat's-beardDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Goehring's DyckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the compost is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in growing seasonPet-safe
Goeppertia majestica 'Whitestar'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, typically every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Goeppertia PluriplicataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Goeppertia Roseopicta IllustrisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Goeppertia White FusionBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Gold Coast JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply through the first season; thereafter mainly in prolonged droughtToxic to pets
Gold Dew Tufted Hair GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate to frequent — prefers consistently moist soilPet-safe
Gold Dust AlyssumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly to monthly once established (very drought-tolerant)Pet-safe
Gold Haze heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during first season; occasional watering once establishedPet-safe
Gold Heart Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during the growing season, reducing as foliage dies back in summerToxic to pets
Gold Mound SpireaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; every 1–2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Gold Plate yarrowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks once established; more frequent during establishmentMildly toxic to pets
Gold Rush Dawn RedwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly — keep soil consistently moist, especially in summerPet-safe
Gold Rush Dawn RedwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Gold Tooth AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Golden AlexandersBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly or as needed to keep soil moistPet-safe
Golden Angel's TrumpetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days in summer (soil evenly moist; never waterlogged)Toxic to pets
Golden AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; moderate drought tolerance when establishedPet-safe
Golden AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; regular deep watering when establishingPet-safe
Golden BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Golden Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Golden Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Golden Chalice VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in active growth; every 2–3 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Golden CinquefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Golden Cliff StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in spring and autumn; monthly in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Golden ClubDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic; plant crown 10–15 cm (4–6 in) below the water surfaceMildly toxic to pets
Golden ColumbineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week during active growth; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Golden Creeping JennyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–7 days; keep consistently moist; will tolerate standing water as a pond marginalMildly toxic to pets
Golden CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal supplemental water needed; relies on natural rainfall; ensure summer-dry conditions for corm dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Golden Deodar CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderately; regularly during establishment, infrequently once matureMildly toxic to pets
Golden Deodar CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Golden Easter Lily CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; once a month or less in winter.Pet-safe
Golden EriosyceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Golden everlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days once established; reduce in autumnPet-safe
golden fescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water every 10–14 days during the growing season, less in winterPet-safe
Golden Globe ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly while establishing; weekly thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Golden Goddess BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly during dry periods in summer; reduce to weekly or less in cooler seasonsPet-safe
Golden Hakone GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly, or whenever the top 2–3 cm of soil dry outMildly toxic to pets
Golden Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks (allow soil to dry completely between waterings)Pet-safe
Golden Japanese Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the soil constantly moist to wet; water as soon as the surface begins to dry, often every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Golden Japanese Sweet FlagMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep constantly moist; tolerate standing waterPet-safe
Golden Lace CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Golden Malayan Dwarf CoconutDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in heat, never drying out fullyPet-safe
Golden Male FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in winter but do not allow to dry out completelyMildly toxic to pets
golden mosaic plantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Golden PolypodyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring and summer; every 10–14 days in autumn and winterPet-safe
Golden Polypody FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Golden Powder PuffDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; none in winterPet-safe
Golden Rat Tail CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Golden Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks when established; very little in winterPet-safe
Golden SedumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Golden Spreader Nordmann FirBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; maintain moist but not wet soilMildly toxic to pets
Golden St. John's WortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first growing season; minimal once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Golden Star CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Golden Torch CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, about weekly to fortnightly in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Golden Tree FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2-3 times per week; trunk must stay moistPet-safe
Golden Tree FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; water when the top 3-5 cm of soil feels dry or when trunk feels dry to the touch, roughly every 3-7 days in summerPet-safe
Golden-Edged CymbidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in growth, about every 5-7 days, drier in winterPet-safe
Golden-Flowered GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during the growing season; reduce after die-back.Mildly toxic to pets
Golden-flowered RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; minimally in winterPet-safe
Golden-Hair BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice per week in growing season; once per week or less in winterPet-safe
Golden-Leaved Jerusalem SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water every 2–3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Golden-rayed LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Golden-spike DisaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist throughout the year, roughly every 2-4 daysPet-safe
Goldencup St. John's WortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice weekly when young; every 1–2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Goldfinger BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 2-4 days in active growthPet-safe
Goldmoss StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely — established plants rely on rainfall; water only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Goldtau Hair GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-10 days; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Goldtau Tufted Hair GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist, watering deeply 1-2 times weekly when dryMildly toxic to pets
Gollum JadeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks; less in winterToxic to pets
Gomphrena globosa 'QIS Pink'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply once a week; let soil dry between wateringsPet-safe
Gomphrena haageana 'Strawberry Fields'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply about weekly; allow soil to dry betweenMildly toxic to pets
Gongora quinquenervisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium approaches dryness, often every 2-4 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Good Luck PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Gooseneck LoosestrifeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; moist soil preferredMildly toxic to pets
Gout PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; sparingly (every 3–4 weeks) in winterToxic to pets
Gowen CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Graceful CattailDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist to submergedPet-safe
Graceful CautleyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during active growth, approximately every 7-10 days; minimal in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Graceful Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in summer; every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Gracillimus Maiden GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in year one, then mainly during extended dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Graham Thomas RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week, more in heatPet-safe
Grand FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; rainfall-dependent once maturePet-safe
Grandidier's BaobabDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; virtually none in autumn–winter dormancyPet-safe
Grandidier's UncarinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; withhold almost entirely October–MarchMildly toxic to pets
Grape-leaved Anemone 'Robustissima'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysToxic to pets
Grape-Vine BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 6–9 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Grapeleaf AbutilonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; established plants are fairly drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Graptopetalum amethystinumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, about every 12-16 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Graptopetalum macdougalliiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, about every 12-16 days in summer, minimal in winterPet-safe
Graptopetalum pentandrumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks (less in winter)Pet-safe
Graptopetalum rusbyiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Graptosedum 'Francesco Baldi'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Graptosedum 'Vera Higgins'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Graptoveria 'Bashful'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Graptoveria 'Debbie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Graptoveria 'Fred Ives'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Graptoveria 'Opalina'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Graptoveria 'Silver Star'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Graptoveria 'Titubans'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, far less in winterPet-safe
Grass-leaf DisaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist year-round, roughly every 2-3 days in summerPet-safe
Grass-Leaved EdraianthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow soil to partially dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Grass-leaved ZamiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days in growing season; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Grassy ArrowheadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic; grow in standing water 5–30 cm (2–12 in) deepPet-safe
Gray BirchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; tolerates drier conditions than most birches once establishedPet-safe
Gray GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very drought-tolerant; supplemental water rarely neededPet-safe
Gray Organ PipeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top half of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; very infrequently in winterPet-safe
Gray's sedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 2–4 days in dry weatherPet-safe
Grayleaf CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days when dry; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Grayswood Pink Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal once established — established plants are drought-tolerant and need watering only during prolonged summer dry spells.Mildly toxic to pets
Great Expectations HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Great MasterwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly — keep soil evenly moist throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Great MulleinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — once established, rainfall is usually sufficientMildly toxic to pets
Great Pond SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently wet; grows in standing water or waterlogged soilPet-safe
Great Solomon's SealLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 4-6 days in active growth; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Great White TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist in spring; reduce after summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Great Wood RushMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate; established plants rarely need supplemental watering in temperate climatesPet-safe
Greater CoreopsisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Greater DuckweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently floating on water surfacePet-safe
Greater Fringed GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — consistently moistPet-safe
Greater KnapweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely needed once established; water new plants occasionally through their first summerPet-safe
Greater PeriwinkleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; every 10–14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Greater Pyramidal SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Greater Quaking GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water seedlings until established, then only during prolonged drought, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Greater Sea KaleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — water regularly while establishing, then during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Greater Sea SpurreyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal supplemental watering; relies on coastal rainfall and tidal humidityMildly toxic to pets
Greater SpearwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Shallow to moderate water depth: 10–45 cmToxic to pets
Greater StitchwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep soil evenly moist during spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
Greater WoodrushLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly in first season, then largely self-sufficientPet-safe
Grecian WindflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring, dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Greek CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Dry in summer dormancy; moderate during autumn and winter growthToxic to pets
Greek FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during establishment; rarely needed once maturePet-safe
Greek JancaeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Little and often to keep root zone moist; almost dry during winter dormancyPet-safe
Greek yarrowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during establishment; minimal once matureMildly toxic to pets
Green Arrow ArumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanent standing water or consistently saturated soil; never allow to dry outToxic to pets
Green AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Green CabombaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged aquatic; maintain in aquarium water continuouslyPet-safe
Green Cliff Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 14 days in winterPet-safe
Green Comet MilkweedBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; highly drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Green DragonMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly during spring and summer growing seasonToxic to pets
Green Gem BoxwoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Green Glaucous BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly during establishment; every 7–14 days once maturePet-safe
Green IxiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Green MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; every 1–2 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Green Moor GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 weeks during establishment; largely self-sufficient once establishedPet-safe
Green Panda BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice weekly during establishment and dry spells; weekly once establishedPet-safe
Green Rock FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Green Sheen Japanese SpurgeLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly during the first two growing seasons; once established, water during prolonged dry spells onlyMildly toxic to pets
Green SnowdropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall during the growing season; keep moist during autumn planting and winter–spring growthToxic to pets
Green SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top centimetre of soil dries outPet-safe
Green Velvet BoxwoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Green-Flowered GaltoniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular from spring through late summer; reduce in autumnPet-safe
Green-flowered PitayaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in spring and summer; essentially dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Green-flowered Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–12 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Green-spotted BillbergiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep central cup lightly filled; water substrate every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Green-Spotted NeoregeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh central cup every 5–7 days; soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Green-winged OrchidDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rain-fed; moist spring, dry summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Greene's LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks during active growth (autumn–spring); very little to none in summerPet-safe
Greenspire LindenDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; deep watering during establishment and droughtPet-safe
Greenstem ForsythiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then drought-tolerantPet-safe
Grefsheim SpireaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established; reduce to occasional watering in droughtPet-safe
Greig's TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent during growth; needs dry summer dormancyToxic to pets
Grey Club-rushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Shallow to moderately deep aquatic; 10–60 cm over the crownPet-safe
Grey GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Grey Moor GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Grey SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Grey sedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Occasional once established; more frequent in full sun or sandy soilPet-safe
Grey SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during growing season; barely any in winterPet-safe
Grey-Headed ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Grigua CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 21–30 days; very drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Groby's SpeckliniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; mounted plants every 1–2 days in warm conditionsPet-safe
Ground BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Occasional; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Guadua BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequently during establishment; moderate once maturePet-safe
GuapevaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days when young; established trees tolerate short dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Guariroba PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Guatemalan Ponytail PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in summer; every 28–42 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
GuavaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply every 5-10 days; keep evenly moist during flowering and fruiting, then allow brief dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
guelder roseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; every 1–2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Guernsey LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Completely dry in summer; begin watering in late summer as flower spikes emerge; water regularly until foliage dies back in late springToxic to pets
Gulf MuhlyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water through the first season to establish, then only in drought, roughly every 2 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Gumbo LimboDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when newly planted; once established, drought-tolerant and needs watering only during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Gummy UebelmanniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summer; barely once a month in winterPet-safe
Gunnera manicataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet; never let the rootzone dryMildly toxic to pets
Guppy's PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in active growth; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Guriri PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Gurken's Star BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Guzmania 'Orangeade'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup topped up; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Guzmania monostachiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Maintain water in the central cup; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Guzmania wittmackiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Gymnocalycium andreaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Gymnocalycium denudatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Gymnocarpium dryopteris 'Plumosum'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep the soil consistently moist, watering when the top 1-2 cm dries, roughly every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Gyoku-ryu Mondo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in growthPet-safe
Gypsum ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water sparingly in summer; near-dry in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
H.E. Beale heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during first season; monthly or as needed once establishedPet-safe
Haage's CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hackberry BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, regularly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Hair sedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular watering to maintain even moisture; reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Hairy AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hairy Alpine PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; minimal in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Hairy alumrootMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week during active growth; less in winterPet-safe
Hairy BeardtongueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1–2 weeks once established; more frequent when newly plantedPet-safe
Hairy CoreopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; water during establishment, then as needed during droughtPet-safe
Hairy Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep moist throughout active growth; water sparingly in winterPet-safe
Hairy HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Hairy HydrangeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hairy JovibarbaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during the growing season; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Hairy Lip FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 2-3 weeks (drought-tolerant once established)Mildly toxic to pets
Hairy MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer, every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Hairy ParakohleriaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Hairy PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow soil to nearly dry between waterings)Pet-safe
Hairy PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during active growth (spring–autumn); sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Hairy RaphionacmeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during active growth (spring–summer); virtually none in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Hairy RattleweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; allow soil to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Hairy Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; dry conditions preferred especially in winterPet-safe
Hairy Rock-cressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Hairy Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days year-roundPet-safe
Hairy Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Hairy St John's-wortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Hairy StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Hairy Sun RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — once every 3–4 weeks in the growing season once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Hairy ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Hairy VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water moderately; allow the top centimetre of soil to dry between waterings.Pet-safe
Hairy Water CloverMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently in waterlogged substrate or submergedMildly toxic to pets
Hairy WoodrushLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Hairy-Cupped CoelogyneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–6 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Hairy-fruited DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during growth; very little in winterPet-safe
Hairy-leaf TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the active (cool) season; minimal or none in summerToxic to pets
Hairy-tongued RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; medium stays lightly moistPet-safe
Hakonechloa All GoldMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Halesia carolinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing; regular watering in dry spellsPet-safe
Halesia monticolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing; regular watering in dry spellsPet-safe
Half-hidden YamBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; very sparingly or not at all during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Half-Stained SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in active growth; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hall TotaraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days for young plantsToxic to pets
Hall's Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water in autumn (September–November) only; completely dry in winter and summerPet-safe
Hameln Dwarf Fountain GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry, about weekly while establishing; drought-tolerant once settledPet-safe
Hameln Fountain GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for the first season; every 2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Hamilton's Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer, every 3–4 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Hammock FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Hand-Bearing OncidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Hansa RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing; drought-tolerant once settledPet-safe
Happy Bean PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in spring/summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Happy WandererBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate; drought tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Hard FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in growing season; reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Hard RushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist to saturated soil; tolerates standing water to 7 cm (3 in) deepPet-safe
Hard-leaf PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in growing season; every 4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hardy Chinese Windmill PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; established garden plants need little extra waterPet-safe
Hardy CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during active growth (autumn-spring); withhold water during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Hardy Geranium 'Rozanne'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; about weekly, more in heat or containersMildly toxic to pets
Hardy Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during active growth; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hardy Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–14 days in summer and very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hare's Foot FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Hare's Tail GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
HarebellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Harlequin FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water freely when in active growth; stop completely once foliage yellowsMildly toxic to pets
Harlow Carr RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in growth; more in heat or potsPet-safe
Hart's Tongue FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Hartford Climbing FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthPet-safe
Hasse's LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (autumn–spring); virtually none in summerPet-safe
Hatchet CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; very sparingly in winter (once every 4-6 weeks)Pet-safe
Hatfieldii YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Haussknecht's RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season (spring–summer); every 4–6 weeks or rainfall-only in winterPet-safe
Hawaii Blue FlossflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Haworth's LampranthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; sparingly in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, every 2-3 weeksPet-safe
Haworthia BayeriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Haworthia cooperi var. truncataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksPet-safe
Haworthia EmelyaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia HerbaceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia LockwoodiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia MagnificaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia MucronataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia PygmaeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Haworthia SpringbokvlakensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia TessellataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia VenosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthiopsis ViscosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Hay-scented Buckler FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist year-roundPet-safe
Hay-Scented FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist while establishing; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Hazel Smith SequoiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Heart of Fire BromeliadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Heart of Flame BromeliadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 2–3 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Heart-leaved BlechnumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice a week in summer, once a week in cooler monthsPet-safe
Heart-leaved Globe DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Heart-leaved HomalomenaLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 10–14 days in growing season; every 14–21 days in winterToxic to pets
Heart-Lipped BrassavolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–6 days in active growth; reduce to every 7–10 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Heartleaf BergeniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; reduce significantly in winterPet-safe
Heartleaf FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Heartleaf Golden AlexandersBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1–2 weeks once established; more frequently in the first seasonPet-safe
Heartleaf HornbeamMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; water regularly when young; maintain consistent moisturePet-safe
Heath SpeedwellBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — allow soil to partially dry between wateringsPet-safe
Heath Spotted OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistent moisture from rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Heath-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Heath-leaved SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water deeply every 2–3 weeks when establishedMildly toxic to pets
HeatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Heavenly blue morning gloryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week in dry periods; reduce once establishedToxic to pets
Heavy Metal Switch GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water deeply every 1-2 weeks while youngMildly toxic to pets
Heavy Metal SwitchgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Hechtia texensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Hedera canariensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Hedera colchicaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Hedera colchica 'Dentata Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Hedera helix 'Glacier'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Hedera helix 'Goldheart'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Hedera helix 'Ivalace'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Hedge BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2-3 times per week; daily in summer heat or in containersPet-safe
Hedge BedstrawBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — rainfall usually sufficientMildly toxic to pets
Hedge bindweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tolerates drought once established; water young plants weekly until roots are establishedMildly toxic to pets
Hedge WoundwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly during active growth; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hedgehog FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days when established; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Hedgerow CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate; water only to establish, then drought-tolerantPet-safe
Heldreich's SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasional; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Helenium 'Chipperfield Orange'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days during dry periodsToxic to pets
Helenium 'Coppelia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in dry summer weatherToxic to pets
Helenium 'Floretan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; maintain consistent soil moisture through summerToxic to pets
Helenium 'Helbro'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 3-5 days during dry summer spellsToxic to pets
Helenium 'Moerheim Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water every 4-7 days, more often in dry heatToxic to pets
Helenium 'Pumilum Magnificum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in dry weatherToxic to pets
Helenium 'Riverton Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in warm, dry weatherToxic to pets
Helenium 'Rotgold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Helenium 'Rubinzwerg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days during dry summer spellsToxic to pets
Helenium 'Sahin's Early Flowerer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water every 4-7 days, more in heatToxic to pets
Helenium 'Sahin's Early Flowerer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days during dry summer spellsToxic to pets
Helenium 'Short and Sassy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; do not allow soil to dry out completely during summerToxic to pets
Helenium 'Waldtraut'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 3-5 days during dry spellsToxic to pets
Helenium 'Wyndley'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 3-5 days during dry spellsToxic to pets
Helenium autumnale 'Pumilum Magnificum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Helianthus 'Lemon Queen'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Helianthus × multiflorus 'Loddon Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)About once or twice a week, keeping soil moist in summerPet-safe
Helianthus decapetalus 'Flore Pleno'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Helianthus salicifoliusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
HelleboreMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly watering until establishedToxic to pets
Hellebore 'Penny's Pink'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist during establishment and dry spells; established clumps are moderately drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Helleborus × hybridusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly in the first year, then only in dry spells once establishedToxic to pets
Helleborus foetidusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top few centimetres of soil dry out; weekly while establishing, then rarely once settledToxic to pets
Helleborus orientalis 'Ivory Prince'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; weekly while establishing, then during dry spellsToxic to pets
Helleri HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering while establishing, then every 7-14 days during dry weatherToxic to pets
Helmet-Shaped GongoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–6 days when actively growing; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Helmut's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during active autumn-to-spring growth only; strictly none in summerPet-safe
Hemiboea subcapitataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Hemisphere Torch GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10-14 days during cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Hemlock Water DropwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constantly wet; wetland marginal or in-water speciesToxic to pets
Hemlock Water ParsnipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously — must have saturated or inundated soilToxic to pets
Henry's honeysuckleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during dry periods; established plants are relatively drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Henry's LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When top 3–4 cm of soil feels dryToxic to pets
Henry's LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during growth, approximately every 7–10 days in dry weather; reduce after dormancyToxic to pets
Henry's LimeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; deep watering every 2–3 weeks in dry periodsPet-safe
Hens and chicksDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when soil is fully dry; roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer, every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Herald Trumpet VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 5-7 days in the growing season, ensuring the top 3-5 cm is slightly dry before watering; reduce significantly in winter to every 2-4 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Herald's TrumpetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days in growth, every 14 days in winterToxic to pets
Herb RobertMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate; water only during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Heritage River BirchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week in the first 2 years; established trees prefer consistently moist soilPet-safe
Hermann's Pride Yellow ArchangelMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hernandez-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Herrenhausen OreganoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days when established; more frequently for young plantsPet-safe
Herrenhausen Shield FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 3–5 days; keep moist but well-drainedPet-safe
Heuchera 'Amber Waves'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Berry Smoothie'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Carnival Rose Granita'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Citronelle'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Dolce Blackcurrant'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-9 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Dolce Cinnamon Curls'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Fire Alarm'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Galaxy'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-9 days during growthMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Georgia Peach'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Grape Expectations'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-9 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Green Spice'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Hollywood'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Key Lime Pie'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Lime Marmalade'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Mahogany'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Marmalade'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Midnight Rose'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Miracle'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Mocha'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Northern Exposure Amber'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Peach Flambe'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Pewter Moon'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Plum Pudding'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-9 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Purple Petticoats'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Quicksilver'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Raspberry Ice'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Rave On'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuchera 'Saturn'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Silver Scrolls'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Sparkling Burgundy'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Sugar Berry'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Tiramisu'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days during growthMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera 'Venus'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Heuchera villosa 'Autumn Bride'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Heucherella 'Tapestry'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Heucherella Brass LanternBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heucherella StoplightMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply once or twice a week in dry spellsPet-safe
Heucherella Sunrise FallsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; in containers and baskets water more often, even daily in summer heatPet-safe
Heucherella Sweet TeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply once or twice a week in dry weatherPet-safe
Heuffel's HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Heuffel's JovibarbaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; rarely in winterPet-safe
Hiba ArborvitaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–10 days; never allow soil to dry out completelyMildly toxic to pets
Hibiscus syriacus 'Aphrodite'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 10-14 days once mature unless rainfall is sparsePet-safe
Hibiscus syriacus 'Blue Bird'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly during the first two seasons and in summer droughts; established plants are moderately drought-tolerantPet-safe
Hibiscus syriacus 'Helene'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing and during summer drought; moderately drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Hibiscus syriacus 'Minerva'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly during establishment and summer drought; moderately drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Hicksii YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7-10 days while establishing, then as neededToxic to pets
Highland Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the media lightly moist at all times; water roughly every 2-4 days indoors, never letting it dry out fully.Mildly toxic to pets
HikuriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly: only when soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, none in winterToxic to pets
Hildebrands Basket VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2 cm of the potting mix has dried out, roughly every 5–8 days in summerPet-safe
Hildebrandt RaveneaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Hill Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hillii Staghorn FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak when the mount is nearly dry, roughly weekly in summer and every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Himalayan CassiopeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water before the top 2 cm of growing medium dries out.Mildly toxic to pets
Himalayan CotoneasterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry; established plants are drought-tolerant once settledToxic to pets
Himalayan CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Himalayan InulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2-3 times per week; maintain consistent moisturePet-safe
Himalayan pierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep consistently moistToxic to pets
Himalayan Pieris WakehurstBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 7–10 days; do not allow to dry out, particularly during spring growth flushToxic to pets
Himalayan YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; every 1–2 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Hinds' TorchwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; very rarely in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Hindu rope plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is nearly dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Hindu Rope PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Hindu Rope PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is mostly dry, every 10-14 days or longerPet-safe
Hinoki CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days while establishing, then when the top few cm of soil dryMildly toxic to pets
Hinoki Cypress BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil begins to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Hirta Toad LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface begins to dry, typically once or twice a week in summerMildly toxic to pets
Histrioides IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in late winter and spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Hoary PlantainDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; established plants are drought-tolerantPet-safe
Hoary StockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly, allowing soil to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Hobbit JadeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks; less in winterToxic to pets
HogweedBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Holger JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly the first season; afterward only in extended droughtToxic to pets
Holger's JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water deeply but infrequently once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Hollow Joe Pye WeedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil reliably moist; water weekly or more during dry weatherPet-safe
Hollow-Corolla Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–20 days in summer, very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Hollow-Rooted FumewortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Rainfall-dependent during spring growth; completely dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Holly FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Holly-leaved NaiadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fully submerged; 20-25% water change weekly in aquariumsMildly toxic to pets
HollyhockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Holmstrup ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Two to three times weekly when young; weekly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Homalomena Sp. SelbyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
HonestyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly in dry spells; keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Honey GarlicBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; rainfall usually sufficient once established in the UKToxic to pets
Hooded MaxillariaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days year-round; slight reduction in winterPet-safe
Hooded Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the tray method: maintain 1-3 cm of distilled or rainwater in the saucer at all times during the growing season; reduce to just-moist in winter dormancyPet-safe
Hooded-leaf PelargoniumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3–4 cm of compost is dry, approximately every 7–12 days in the growing season; keep barely moist in winterToxic to pets
Hoodia gordoniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry October-MarchMildly toxic to pets
Hoodia parvifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hoogendorn HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering when young, then every 7-14 days in dry weatherToxic to pets
Hook SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry spells and don't let containers fully dryMildly toxic to pets
Hooker's AnchomanesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days during growth; completely dry during dormancyToxic to pets
Hooker's Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist in active growth (spring–autumn); reduce significantly in winterPet-safe
Hooker's Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days, less in winterPet-safe
Hooker's InulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2 times per week; tolerates periodic damp conditionsPet-safe
Hoop Petticoat DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during active growth; dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Hoop Petticoat DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during spring growth; withhold irrigation after foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Hoop PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Hoopsii Blue SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply weekly for the first two to three years, then only in extended dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Hope's CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in summer; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Horn-Bearing CoryphanthaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Horned EriosyceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Horned TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during active growth; dry in summerToxic to pets
Horned violetBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Horombe PachypodiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; none from late autumn to mid-springToxic to pets
Horse Crippler CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in spring and summer; dry rest in winterMildly toxic to pets
Horseshoe VetchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely — established plants are very drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Horsfield's SauromatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderately moist during active growth; dry dormancy in winterToxic to pets
Horst's DiscocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; reduce to once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Horstmann Korean FirBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; roughly weekly in the ground, more often in pots or heatToxic to pets
Hosta 'Abiqua Drinking Gourd'Low light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'August Moon'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Big Daddy'Low light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Blue Angel'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days during the growing season, or when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dryingToxic to pets
Hosta 'Blue Mammoth'Low light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Bressingham Blue'Low light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Color Festival'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Curly Fries'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Diamond Tiara'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'El Nino'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Elegans'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days during the growing season, or when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dryingToxic to pets
Hosta 'Empress Wu'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Fire Island'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'First Frost'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, about every 5-7 days, more in heatToxic to pets
Hosta 'Fortunei Aureomarginata'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days during the growing season, or when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dryingToxic to pets
Hosta 'Fragrant Bouquet'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Frances Williams'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days in the growing season, or when the top 3-5 cm of soil is drying outToxic to pets
Hosta 'Fun and Games'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Golden Tiara'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Grand Tiara'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Great Expectations'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Guacamole'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Halcyon Blue'Low light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Halcyon'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Invincible'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Island Charm'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'June'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, about every 5-7 days, more in heatToxic to pets
Hosta 'Krossa Regal'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Lancifolia'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Love Pat'Low light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Midnight Rider'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Night Before Christmas'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'On Stage'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Patriot'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Hosta 'Patriot'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days through the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Paul Revere'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Pineapple Upside Down Cake'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Praying Hands'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Regal Splendor'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Remember Me'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Revolution'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Royal Standard'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Sagae'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Shade Fanfare'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Something Different'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Stained Glass'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Sum and Substance'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days; more in heatToxic to pets
Hosta 'Sum and Substance'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Touch of Class'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta 'Twilight'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Undulata Albomarginata'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Ventricosa'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Wheel of Fortune'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Wide Brim'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Hosta sieboldiana 'Elegans'Low light (north window or shaded room)When top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, about every 5-7 days, more in heatToxic to pets
Hound's Tongue FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix begins to dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Hound's-tongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely, once establishedToxic to pets
Houseleek Cliff StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Houseleek RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Houseleek SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low — water sparingly at all times; near-dry in summer and winterPet-safe
Houttuynia cordataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly wet to waterlogged; never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Houttuynia cordata 'Chameleon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly wet to waterlogged; never allow it to dryMildly toxic to pets
HoyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is mostly dry, every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya 'Mathilde'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Hoya AustralisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)when top 2-3 cm of soil driesPet-safe
Hoya BellaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in spring/summer; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hoya Bella 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya BilobataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in spring/summer; about every 2 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hoya CagayanensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya Carnosa 'Rubra'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya caudata (Sumatra)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-2 weeks in growth; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hoya CompactaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya Compacta 'Regalis'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is dry to 4-5 cm down, about every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya CoriaceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya curtisiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly in spring and summer; every 10-14 days in autumn and winterPet-safe
Hoya DavidcummingiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is nearly dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya DipteraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-4 cm of the mix is dry, roughly every 6-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya EnglerianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 6-9 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya FlagellataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya GracilisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is nearly or fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya GreeniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya heuschkelianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hoya IncrassataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya LambiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya LinearisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in spring/summer; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hoya MelifluaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya Memoria (Gracilis)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-14 days in spring/summer; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hoya MitrataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya NeoguineensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya OnychoidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya PachycladaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya PallidaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-9 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya ParvifloraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya PatellaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-9 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya PaxtoniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya PentaphlebiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya PictaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya polyneura (Fishtail Hoya)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly in spring and summer; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hoya PubescensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya Pubicalyx 'Black Dragon'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya Pubicalyx 'Pink Silver'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of mix is dry, about every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya Pubicalyx 'Red Buttons'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of mix is dry, about every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya Pubicalyx 'Royal Hawaiian Purple'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya Pubicalyx 'Silver Pink'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya RebeccaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-4 cm of the mix is dry, roughly every 6-10 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya RigidaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya RositaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya ScortechiniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya sigillatisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-2 weeks; let the top 1-2 inches (3-5 cm) of mix dry out firstPet-safe
Hoya SiikfongensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya SpartioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is nearly dry throughout, roughly every 12-18 daysPet-safe
Hoya SunriseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the mix is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya SurigaoensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Hoya VitellinoidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Hoya VitiensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in growthPet-safe
Huernia brevirostrisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Huernia hystrixBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Huernia keniensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Huernia schneiderianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
Huernia thuretiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Huernia zebrinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Humboldt's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 5-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hume RoscoeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during active growth, approximately every 10-14 days; nearly none in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Humulus lupulus 'Aureus'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil reliably moist in the growing season, about every 3-5 days in summerToxic to pets
Hunchback GymnocalyciumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hungarian Barren StrawberryMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Hungarian LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Hungarian OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Establish with regular watering in year 1–2; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Huron Sunrise MiscanthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the establishment year; thereafter only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly watering during growthToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Carnegie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist through growth and flowering; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'City of Haarlem'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during growth and flowering; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Delft Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist during growth and flowering; reduce sharply after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Jan Bos'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist through growth and flowering; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Woodstock'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during growth and flowering; much drier after dormancy sets inToxic to pets
Hybrid mandevillaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hybrid trumpet vineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; established plants are drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
HydrangeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deep watering 1-2 times per week, more in heatToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Annabelle'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 2-3 times weekly in summer, more in heat or droughtToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Annabelle'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days; more frequently in hot weatherMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Blushing Bride'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 3-5 days in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Bobo'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Endless Summer'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; water deeply 2-3 times weekly in heatToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Endless Summer'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 2-3 times weekly in summer heat, more for containersToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Incrediball'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about 2-3 times per week in summerToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Let's Dance Rhythmic Blue'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Limelight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist while establishing; water deeply once or twice weekly in summer, less once establishedToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Limelight'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Little Lime'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about 1-2 times per weekToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Nikko Blue'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Pee Gee'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'PeeWee'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about once per weekToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Pinky Winky'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about 1-2 times per weekToxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Quick Fire'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Snowflake'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Strawberry Sundae'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Tardiva'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Hydrangea 'Vanilla Strawberry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly 1-2 times per weekToxic to pets
Hydrangea aspera 'Villosa'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply every 5-7 days in dry summer spellsToxic to pets
Hydrocharis morsus-ranaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Free-floating; keep on the surface of still or slow waterMildly toxic to pets
Hylotelephium 'Autumn Joy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly every 10-14 days in its first season; established plants rarely need wateringPet-safe
Hylotelephium 'Purple Emperor'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days when young; established plants need little to no wateringPet-safe
Hylotelephium spectabile 'Brilliant'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days while establishing; mature clumps rely on rainfallPet-safe
Hylotelephium telephium 'Munstead Dark Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days while establishing; mature plants are largely self-reliantPet-safe
Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Carmina'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Confetti Pink'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Splash Select Pink'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Splash Select White'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Wit'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Iara's SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; almost none during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Iberian CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in spring and summer; occasional in autumnPet-safe
Ice Cream BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, every 2-4 days in warm growthPet-safe
Ice Dance Japanese SedgeLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7-10 days or when the top 3-4 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Ice Dance SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep moist while establishing; water deeply weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Ice Follies DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during autumn–spring; dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days during establishment; mature clumps rely on rainfallPet-safe
Iceberg RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week, more in heatPet-safe
Idaho fescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low; water every 2–3 weeks during the first season; monthly or less once establishedPet-safe
Illinois Tick TrefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering every 10–14 days during the first growing season; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Illumination PeriwinkleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice weekly; more frequently in containers or hot weatherToxic to pets
Imbricate Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days; do not allow compost to dry outPet-safe
Imbricate Sword FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5–7 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Immersed StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting for mounted specimens; every 2 days for potted plantsPet-safe
Impatiens balsaminaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerPet-safe
Imperial BromeliadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow potting medium to almost completely dry between wateringsPet-safe
Incense CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days when young; established trees are drought-tolerant and rely mainly on rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Inch PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly in summer; every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Indian BlanketDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Indian Cucumber RootLow light (north window or shaded room)Consistently moist; water whenever the top 2–3 cm of soil begins to dry during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Indian Fig OpuntiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Indian GooseberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
indian grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely once established; water during the first growing season to aid establishmentPet-safe
Indian Head NotocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the active growing season; reduce to once every 5-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Indian ShotDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Indian SinocrassulaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Indian Summer black-eyed SusanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly; allow the top 2–3 cm of soil to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Indian Summer Black-Eyed SusanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Indian Timber BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week during the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Inflated BladderwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic in soft, acidic, low-nutrient water; refresh or top up with distilled or rainwater as neededPet-safe
Inflated Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; weekly in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Inner-rough PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface is just drying, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Intense Blue FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; minimal once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Intermediate GalangalMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice a week in warm months; once a week or less in cooler conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Intermediate PolypodyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in active growth (autumn–spring); reduce to every 2–3 weeks in summerPet-safe
Interrupted FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Interrupted SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in summer; very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Intrigue RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times weekly, about 4-5 litres per plantPet-safe
Ipomoea batatas 'Blackie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 2-3 days in containers in summerToxic to pets
Ipomoea quamoclitDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-6 days in summerToxic to pets
Ipomoea tricolor 'Heavenly Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 days in warm weatherToxic to pets
Irene Nuss Cane BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Iridescent BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly in spring and summer; weekly in autumn; fortnightly in winterPet-safe
IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly watering during growthToxic to pets
Iris 'Benton Susan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water at planting and during establishment, then only in prolonged drought; established clumps are drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Iris 'Black Gamecock'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently wet; tolerates standing water and never fully dry outToxic to pets
Iris 'Clarence'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep moist through spring and late summer to support rebloom; do not waterlogToxic to pets
Iris 'Immortality'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist through spring and late summer to support rebloom; avoid waterloggingToxic to pets
Iris 'Jane Phillips'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply during spring growth and after planting; keep drier in summerToxic to pets
Iris 'Katharine Hodgkin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during autumn-to-spring growth; keep dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Iris ensataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly moist in spring and summer; drier in winterToxic to pets
Iris laevigataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently wet; thrives in 0-15 cm of standing water year-roundToxic to pets
Iris laevigata 'Variegata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently wet; thrives in 0-15 cm of standing water year-roundToxic to pets
Iris pseudacorusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently wet; thrives in 0-30 cm of standing waterToxic to pets
Iris pseudacorus 'Variegatus'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; never let the rootzone dry outToxic to pets
Iris reticulata 'Harmony'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during autumn-to-spring growth; keep dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Iris versicolorDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently wet to shallowly submergedToxic to pets
Iris virginicaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet to shallowly submerged year-roundToxic to pets
Irish FleabaneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season; less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Irish heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Irish Heath Irish DuskDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during establishment; moderate once settledMildly toxic to pets
Irish IvyLow light (north window or shaded room)Water every 7-14 days during establishment; established plants are drought-tolerant and rarely need supplemental irrigationToxic to pets
Iron Butterfly FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week during the growing season; water sparingly in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Iron Butterfly TiarellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply once or twice a week when rainfall is shortMildly toxic to pets
Isabel Chan's Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Isalo AdeniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer; withhold almost entirely in winterToxic to pets
Island LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in active season (October–April); none to minimal in summerPet-safe
Italian asterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; drought-tolerant in summerPet-safe
Italian CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks while establishing, then minimalMildly toxic to pets
Italian GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; dry when dormantToxic to pets
Italian jasmineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Italian Sage PhlomisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — once every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Itea virginicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil moist; water weekly or more in dry spells, tolerant of wet groundMildly toxic to pets
Itea virginica 'Henry's Garnet'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil moist; water weekly or more in dry weather, tolerant of wet groundMildly toxic to pets
Itea virginica 'Little Henry'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil moist; water weekly or more in dry spells, tolerant of wet groundMildly toxic to pets
Ithuriel's SpearBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring during active growth; dry summer dormancy requiredMildly toxic to pets
Ithuriel's SpearDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate water during spring growth; dry summer rest requiredMildly toxic to pets
Itoh Peony 'Bartzella'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week during growth and budding; established plants tolerate short dry spellsToxic to pets
Itsy Bitsy PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Ivan CranesbillMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice a week in dry spells; less in cooler or wetter periodsPet-safe
Ivory Cane PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Ivory Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — water regularly during the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Ivory TreeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days; allow topsoil to dry slightly between wateringsToxic to pets
Ivy-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn/winterPet-safe
Ivy-Leaved CyclamenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Drought-tolerant once established; rely entirely on natural rainfallToxic to pets
Ivy-leaved DuckweedMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submergedPet-safe
JaboticabaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep consistently moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Jack-in-the-PulpitLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep the soil consistently moist throughout the growing season, watering whenever the surface begins to dry; it tolerates short dry spells but resents drought.Toxic to pets
JackfruitDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply every 5-10 days; keep young trees evenly moist, with a drier spell tolerated by established treesMildly toxic to pets
Jacqueline Postill DaphneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly every 7-10 days in the growing season, allowing the top 3-5 cm to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Jade plantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Jagged LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Jalisco Mountain Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist or dunk every 2–3 days in hot weather; once a week in cool, humid conditions.Mildly toxic to pets
Jamaican Tall CoconutDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in heat, never drying out fullyPet-safe
Janke's GesneriadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water at the root zone only when the soil approaches dryness, roughly every 10–14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Anemone 'Honorine Jobert'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Japanese ApricotDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil dries, often daily in summerToxic to pets
Japanese ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — keep soil evenly moist; do not allow to dry out completelyPet-safe
Japanese astilbeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice per week in active growth; weekly in cooler seasonsPet-safe
Japanese BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 4-6 days in active growthPet-safe
Japanese barberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Japanese BeechDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Beech FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water when the top 2-3 cm begin to dry, roughly weekly during dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Big-Leaf MagnoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during dry periods; established trees are moderately drought-tolerantPet-safe
Japanese Black PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is approaching dry, often daily in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Black Pine 'Kotobuki'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil surface is approaching dry, then water thoroughlyMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Black Pine 'Thunderhead'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry; allow slight drying between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Blood GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Japanese boxBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; every 10–14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Japanese Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–6 days in the growing season; every 7–10 days in winterPet-safe
Japanese CamelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist in late summerPet-safe
Japanese Camellia 'Nuccio's Pearl'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About weekly, more in heat and during budding; water when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Japanese CatmintMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; do not allow to dry out completelyPet-safe
Japanese Cedar 'Cristata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; weekly in dry spells, more for young plantsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Cedar 'Elegans'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry spells, more for young plantsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Cedar 'Globosa Nana'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; weekly in dry weather, more in containersMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Cedar 'Spiralis'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; weekly in dry weather, more for young or potted plantsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Cedar 'Vilmoriniana'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; weekly in dry spells, attentive in troughsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Cedar BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–6 days in summer, every 8–12 days in winterPet-safe
Japanese Cobra LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist during the growing season (spring to early summer); cease watering during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Japanese Cornel DogwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering while establishing; drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Japanese Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; reduce significantly in winter dormancyPet-safe
Japanese Fairy BellsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moist throughout the growing season.Mildly toxic to pets
Japanese False SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days in growing season; reduce slightly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Flowering Cherry BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerToxic to pets
Japanese forest grassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Garden JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is just dry, frequently in summerToxic to pets
Japanese Holly 'Sky Pencil'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few centimetres of soil dry; about weekly in summerToxic to pets
Japanese Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days; allow top 2–3 cm of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Japanese HornbeamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Japanese kerriaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Japanese LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the surface just begins to dry, often once or twice daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Japanese LaurelLow light (north window or shaded room)Once per week indoors; allow top 2–5 cm (1–2 in) of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese MapleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly and more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Maple 'Bloodgood'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Maple 'Crimson Queen'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly and more in heat or potsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Maple 'Dissectum'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, often weekly in summerPet-safe
Japanese Maple 'Osakazuki'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, around weekly in dry weatherPet-safe
Japanese Maple 'Sango Kaku'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in dry spellsPet-safe
Japanese Maple 'Tamukeyama'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)One to two deep waterings per week when growingPet-safe
Japanese MazusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days; prefers moist, consistently watered soilMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Nutmeg YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days when establishing; established trees rely on rainfall with supplemental watering in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Painted FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–7 days; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Japanese Painted Fern 'Pictum'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is just drying, often every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Pepper VineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil dry out, approximately every 5–7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Japanese PierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry spells and never let it dry outToxic to pets
Japanese Pieris 'Forest Flame'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water weekly during dry spells, more in containersToxic to pets
Japanese Pieris 'Mountain Fire'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist, particularly while establishingToxic to pets
Japanese Pieris FlamingoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water deeply every 7–10 days; more frequently in hot, dry spellsToxic to pets
Japanese Plum YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; weekly in dry spells, more while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Privet BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil dries, often daily in summerToxic to pets
Japanese Quince BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Japanese RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while young, then drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Japanese Royal FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Frequently — keep soil constantly moistPet-safe
Japanese SageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Japanese Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Japanese Show LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during active growth, roughly every 5–7 days in dry spells; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Japanese Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during growth; minimal when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Japanese SpireaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week while establishing; drought-tolerant when establishedPet-safe
Japanese Spirea 'Anthony Waterer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first season, then only in prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Spirea 'Goldflame'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingPet-safe
Japanese SpurgeLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly during establishment (first two growing seasons); monthly or during dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Stiff Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly in the first year, then only during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Japanese Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist or wet; do not allow to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Tassel FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; maintain consistent moisturePet-safe
Japanese Timber BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequent during establishment; moderate once establishedPet-safe
Japanese Tree LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while young, then only in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Tree LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-14 days during the first two seasons; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Tree Lilac 'Ivory Silk'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep soakings for the first two years, then during droughtsPet-safe
Japanese Umbrella PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly while young, less once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Japanese White PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water only when the soil surface has begun to dry; pines prefer a slightly drier regimeMildly toxic to pets
Japanese White Pine 'Glauca'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees weekly in dry weather; established trees seldomMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Witch HazelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Japanese Wood PoppyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moist during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Japanese ZelkovaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Jasminum beesianumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist while establishing; water in prolonged dry spells once maturePet-safe
Jasminum mesnyiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Jasminum nudiflorumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry out, about every 7-10 days while establishingPet-safe
Java PlumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly when young; established trees are drought-tolerant and flood-tolerant.Pet-safe
Javanese IxoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; maintain consistent moisture throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Jean's Dilly SpruceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; do not allow to dry out completely, especially in warm weatherPet-safe
Jeddeloh HemlockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — do not allow to dry outPet-safe
Jelena witch hazelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during establishment; thereafter water during summer dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Jelena Witch HazelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once or twice a week during the first growing season; established plants roughly every 10-14 days or as the top 5 cm driesMildly toxic to pets
Jelly Bean PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Jelly Bean Plant (Pork and Beans)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in spring and summer; roughly monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Jenkins Fan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2–3 cm of soil feels dryPet-safe
Jerusalem SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water deeply once every 2–3 weeks in the first growing season, then rely on rainfall in most UK and Mediterranean-climate US regions.Mildly toxic to pets
Jewel OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days; keep the mix evenly moist, never bone dryPet-safe
Joe-Pye WeedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in dry weatherToxic to pets
Johann's NeoregeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Top up central cup every 5–7 days; soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Johannes Cape PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-8 days in active growth; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Johnny Jump UpBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Johnston's CyrtospermaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently moist to waterlogged; does not tolerate droughtToxic to pets
Jolly Bee CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep moderately moistMildly toxic to pets
JonquilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during autumn–spring growth; very dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Joseph's coatDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Joseph's Coat AmaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Joseph's Coat PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring/summer; every 10–14 days in autumn/winterPet-safe
Joseph's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days (potted); near-daily misting if mountedPet-safe
Josephine's LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water from flower-scape emergence (late summer) through leaf period (winter–spring); completely dry from late spring to late summerToxic to pets
Jubilee Celebration RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the growing season; more in heatPet-safe
JujubeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, every 1-2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Julia Child RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week, more in heatPet-safe
Jungfrau SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water moderately; allow soil to partially dry between waterings and reduce in winter.Pet-safe
Juniper BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil begins to dry, often daily in hot weatherMildly toxic to pets
Juniper-leaved ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during growth; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Juno IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate from early spring to late spring; completely dry mid-summer to mid-autumnToxic to pets
Jupiter's DistaffMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly in dry spells, especially in sunPet-safe
Just Joey RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly while in growthPet-safe
Kacip FatimahLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 1–2 cm of soil begins to dry; typically every 4–6 days in warm conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Kahili GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water freely in spring and summer (every 3–5 days); reduce sharply in autumn and keep barely moist over winterMildly toxic to pets
KalanchoeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Kalanchoe 'Kerinci'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry to about halfway down, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Kalanchoe BeharensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly in winterToxic to pets
Kalanchoe EriophyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry to a depth of 3-4 cm, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Kalanchoe FedtschenkoiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil is dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer, every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Kalanchoe LongifloraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Kalanchoe MarmorataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 2-3 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Kalanchoe MillotiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Kalanchoe OrgyalisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly in winterToxic to pets
Kalanchoe RhombopilosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly in winterToxic to pets
Kalanchoe SynsepalaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Kalanchoe ThyrsifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Kalanchoe Tomentosa 'Chocolate Soldier'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly in winterToxic to pets
Kamchatka BugbaneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season; weekly when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Kamchatka StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days; very infrequently once establishedPet-safe
Kangaroo VineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Karatas BromeliadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Karl Foerster Feather Reed GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry, roughly weekly; tolerant of occasional wet groundPet-safe
Karl Foerster Feather Reed GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Karl Foerster Reed GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-14 days during the first season; established plants need water only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Karley Rose Fountain GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 7-14 days during establishment; established plants tolerate drought and need watering only in prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Karley Rose Oriental Fountain GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first season, then moderate watering during dry periodsPet-safe
Karoo CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 21–30 days; highly drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Kashmir CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly; moist but well-drainedMildly toxic to pets
Kashmir GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist through the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Kashmir rowanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate once matureMildly toxic to pets
Katz Sakura stockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days; keep soil evenly moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
KauriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring/summer; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Keisk's LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; sensitive to both drought and waterloggingToxic to pets
Keiske's LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice a week in the growing season, less in winterToxic to pets
Kellerman's BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top third of the soil is dryToxic to pets
Kelsey's PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Kenneally's SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Standing tray (growing season); minimal (dry rest)Pet-safe
Kentia palmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Kentucky wisteriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first growing season; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Keteleeria davidianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing; established trees rely largely on rainfall with watering in droughtMildly toxic to pets
KhimpDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
KhirniDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days when young; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Kidney Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days during active growth; every 6–8 days in winterPet-safe
Kidney VetchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Kiftsgate RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep weekly soak while establishing; little needed once maturePet-safe
Killarney FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously moist — maintain permanent moisture in the sphagnum substrate and high atmospheric humidity at all timesMildly toxic to pets
King Alfred DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growing season; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
King Billy PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist at all times; never allow to dry out, watering deeply in any dry spellMildly toxic to pets
King Ferdinand's SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low — water moderately in active growth; reduce sharply in summer dormancy and winterPet-safe
King George asterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; rarely needs irrigation in UK climatesPet-safe
King Henry Venus flytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist via tray method; barely damp in winterPet-safe
King of Hearts Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyToxic to pets
King of Hearts BrunneraLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist; water when the top 2-3 cm dries, about every 5-7 days in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
King Size Scarlet everlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; water deeply then let soil partially dryPet-safe
Kitten TailsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Infrequently; dry to medium-dryMildly toxic to pets
KiwanoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm dries, often every 2-4 days in heatMildly toxic to pets
Kloss's Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium evenly moist; water every 2–4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Knap Hill Scarlet quinceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when establishing; monthly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Knautia macedonicaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres are dry; roughly weekly while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Kniphofia 'Alcazar'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and during summer drought; minimal once maturePet-safe
Kniphofia 'Bees' Sunset'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and during drought; little once maturePet-safe
Kniphofia 'Little Maid'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing and in summer drought; sparing once settledPet-safe
Kniphofia 'Tawny King'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first season and in summer drought; established clumps need little once settledPet-safe
Kniphofia triangularisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days once established, when soil is dryPet-safe
Kniphofia uvariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly through the first season, then mainly in summer dry spells once establishedPet-safe
Knock Out RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)About 2.5 cm of water weekly, deep soakPet-safe
Knotted CloverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Knotweed BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–8 days in the growing season; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Kobus MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; once established, natural rainfall is often sufficient except during prolonged droughtPet-safe
Koehne's rowanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate once matureMildly toxic to pets
Koelreuteria paniculataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for the first 1-2 years; minimal once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Kolkwitzia amabilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Kolkwitzia amabilis 'Pink Cloud'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first two growing seasons; established plants only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Korean AngelicaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in active growth; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Korean ArborvitaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 1–2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Korean boxBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; every 10–14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Korean feather reed grassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water deeply 1-2 times weekly; keep soil consistently moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Korean FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderately drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Korean HornbeamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Korean Hornbeam BonsaiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Korean rhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment and summer; reduce to monthly when dormantToxic to pets
Korean Rock FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Korean Spice ViburnumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingPet-safe
KorlanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4–6 days for young trees; reduce to every 10–14 days once established in seasonally wet climatesMildly toxic to pets
Kotschy's CrambeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — water during dry spells, especially in the establishment yearMildly toxic to pets
Kotschyan AerangisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth; every 10-14 days during winter restPet-safe
Kousa DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly deep watering while establishingPet-safe
Krossa Regal HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Kucynjak's ColumneaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Kuma Bamboo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season, reduce in winterPet-safe
Kupper's WerauhiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill tank weekly; water substrate every 1-2 weeks when top layer is dryPet-safe
Kuril BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in growing season; weekly in winterPet-safe
Kurume Azalea 'Hino Crimson'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About weekly once established, more in heat; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Küster's CeratozamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–5 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Labrador violetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Laburnum × watereri 'Vossii'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly through the first two seasons, then only in prolonged droughtToxic to pets
Lacandon ZamiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Lace AloeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Lace CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; dry rest in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lace FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-21 days depending on temperature and seasonPet-safe
Lace-bark PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees weekly in dry spells; established trees rarelyMildly toxic to pets
Lacecap HydrangeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-4 cm of soil is dry, often several times a week in heatToxic to pets
Laced Up ElderberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for the first 1–2 seasons; every 10–14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Laceleaf Japanese Maple 'Crimson Queen'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Lady FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, roughly every 3-5 days indoorsPet-safe
Lady Finger BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, roughly every 2-4 days in warm growthPet-safe
Lady Finger CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; far less in winterPet-safe
Lady in Red FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist, roughly every 3-5 days for potted plantsMildly toxic to pets
Lady of Shalott RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season; more in heat or sandy soilPet-safe
Lady of the NightBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; adjust based on season and soil moistureToxic to pets
Lady of the NightBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When fully dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Lady of the NightBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow roots and medium to dry almost completely between waterings, roughly every 5-7 days in active growth and every 10-14 days in winter restPet-safe
Lady TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Ladybird Scarlet cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly; allow soil surface to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Laelia ancepsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days when growing; reduce sharply through winter restPet-safe
Laelia purpurataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth; less in the cooler rest, every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Laelia rubescensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth; very sparingly in the long dry restPet-safe
Laguna Beach LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days from autumn through spring; withhold almost entirely in summerPet-safe
Lakeside Black Satin HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during active growthToxic to pets
Lamance IrisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; tolerates seasonal flooding of 5–10 cm (2–4 in) for short periods.Toxic to pets
Lamb's EarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only when soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Lamb's StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lamellate Rainbow PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Top-water only; moist in cool season, near-dry in summerPet-safe
Lamellate VandaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily to every 2 days in active growth; every 3–4 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Alba'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 days in springToxic to pets
Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Gold Heart'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 days in springToxic to pets
Lance BrassiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice per week in active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Lance-leaf LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in winter and spring (active season); withhold almost entirely in summerPet-safe
Lance-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Lance-leaf StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; never allow the medium to dry completelyPet-safe
Lance-Leaved TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moist in spring; more drought-tolerant than most Trilliums once dormantMildly toxic to pets
Lance-leaved Water PlantainDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently waterlogged to submerged; 5–30 cm (2–12 in) water depthMildly toxic to pets
Lanceleaf CoreopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; weekly to establish, then rarelyPet-safe
LangsatBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week; more frequently in dry seasonPet-safe
Lansberg's RestrepiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days; evenly moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
LantanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly in summer, less in cooler weatherToxic to pets
Larch-leaved SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks in summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Larch-Leaved StitchwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — drought-tolerant; water sparinglyMildly toxic to pets
large blue fescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; water every 7–10 days during active growth, monthly once establishedPet-safe
Large Chain OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days during active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Large MasterwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days; soil should remain evenly moist throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Large Yellow FoxgloveBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week in dry spells; consistent moisture is important for longevityToxic to pets
Large-flower BulbophyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top of the medium begins to dry, approximately every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Large-flowered BacopaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly and consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Large-Flowered BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; moderate during first growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Large-flowered BellwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; water regularly during spring and early summer growth. Established plants tolerate summer drought.Pet-safe
large-flowered butterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil permanently damp during growing season; reduce but do not dry out completely in winterPet-safe
Large-Flowered CopiapoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or dry in winterPet-safe
Large-Flowered HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant; water only in prolonged dry periodsPet-safe
Large-flowered Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow partial drying between waterings; a dry-wet cycle triggers bloomingToxic to pets
Large-Flowered StanhopeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Frequently during growing season; reduce by half in winterPet-safe
Large-flowered TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (autumn–spring); monthly or less in summerToxic to pets
Large-Leaf LycasteBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Large-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; much less in winterPet-safe
Large-Leaved ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate damp in summer; reduce sharply in winterMildly toxic to pets
Large-Leaved DrymoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–8 days; allow top 2 cm to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Large-leaved Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; adjust based on temperature and pot sizePet-safe
Large-Spike PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow top half to two-thirds of soil to dry)Pet-safe
large-stalked sinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in active growth; withhold through dormancyPet-safe
Large-Vein PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days during the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
LarkspurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 daysToxic to pets
Larryleachia marlothiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly; only when fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
Late TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent during spring growth; needs dry summer restToxic to pets
Lau's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 5-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Lau's TurbinicarpusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, approximately every 14-21 days in summer; minimal or no water in winterPet-safe
Laurel ClockvineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days during active growth; reduce in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Laurel-Leaved Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks once established; weekly in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Lauren's Grape peony poppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days once plants are growing stronglyToxic to pets
Laurustinus ViburnumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 5 cm of soil is dry; weekly while establishing, then occasionalPet-safe
Lauterbach's Fan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Lavaglut RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week, more in heatPet-safe
LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Lavender trumpet vineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing and flowering season; every 2–3 weeks in summer and winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Lavender-leaved SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lawes' DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Freely in the growing season (every 2-4 days); reduce to very minimal in the dry winter restPet-safe
Lawi Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer, every 3–4 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Lawson CypressBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Laza CyphostemmaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in peak summer growing season; almost none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lead PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once every 2–3 weeks during the first growing season; essentially no supplemental irrigation once establishedPet-safe
Leaf-Spined Brain CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Leafy OrthophytumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Least PrimroseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during active growth; very sparingly in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Least Yellow Pond LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged — thrives at water depths of 30–100 cm (1–3 ft).Mildly toxic to pets
Least Yellow Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic; plant at 20–60 cm (8–24 in) water depthMildly toxic to pets
Leather PolypodyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–8 days; keep soil consistently moist but not waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
LeatherleafBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently wet to moist — never allow to dry outToxic to pets
Leatherleaf SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing in year one, then only during prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
leatherleaf viburnumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when establishing; every 2–4 weeks once matureMildly toxic to pets
Leathery PolypodyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; monthly in winter dormancyPet-safe
Lebanese RosulariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Lehmann's Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring-summer; very sparingly in winter (once every 3-4 weeks)Pet-safe
Lehmann's IceplantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during spring and summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Lemboglossum rossiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the bark approaches dryness, roughly every 4-7 days, keeping pseudobulbs plumpPet-safe
Lemmon's marigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer heat; monthly during cool winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Lemna minorBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Floats permanently on still or slow water; no separate wateringMildly toxic to pets
Lemon Button FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Lemon Drop MangosteenDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly; requires consistently moist soil and high annual rainfall equivalent.Mildly toxic to pets
Lemon-scented AerangisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when roots begin to appear silvery-grey (indicating dryness), roughly every 5-8 days in summer and every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Lemon-Scented GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Evenly moist during the growing season; almost dry during winter dormancy.Mildly toxic to pets
Leopard Plant 'Desdemona'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days in warm weather; keep soil consistently moist or wetMildly toxic to pets
Leopard Plant 'The Rocket'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days or more frequently in warm weather; soil should remain consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Lepismium cruciformeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Lesser BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth, every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
lesser bladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged or floating in shallow standing waterPet-safe
Lesser PeriwinkleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; largely self-sufficient in average rainfall climatesToxic to pets
Lesser PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; reduce significantly in winterPet-safe
Lesser Pond SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently wet; waterlogged soil or up to 20 cm of standing waterPet-safe
Lesser Quaking GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; keep soil evenly moist during germination and establishmentPet-safe
Lesser Sea SpurreyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; tolerates periods of drought punctuated by brackish floodingMildly toxic to pets
Lesser Silver SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only when the top layer of grit is dryPet-safe
Lesser SpearwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Saturated mud to 5 cm standing waterToxic to pets
Lesser StitchwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; keep soil consistently moist but never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Lesser TheriophonumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular watering during active monsoon-season growth; completely dry in dormancyToxic to pets
Lesser Water PlantainDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Saturated to 10 cm depth of waterPet-safe
Leucanthemum × superbum 'Alaska'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly; more in extended heatToxic to pets
Leucanthemum × superbum 'Becky'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly; more in prolonged heatToxic to pets
Leucanthemum × superbum 'Silver Princess'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)About once a week, when the top 3-4 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Leucanthemum × superbum 'Snowcap'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)About once a week, when the top 3-4 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Leucanthemum × superbum 'Wirral Supreme'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about weekly; more during droughtToxic to pets
Leyland CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first two years, then only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Liatris spicataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm is dry; roughly weekly while establishingPet-safe
Liatris spicata 'Kobold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm is dry; about weekly while establishingPet-safe
Lichang ChiritaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Licorice FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist while in active growth (fall through spring); water when the surface just begins to dryPet-safe
Licorice plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days; allow top 2–3 cm to dryPet-safe
Licuri PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days or lessPet-safe
Lifelong SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water moderately; allow the top 2–3 cm of soil to dry before watering.Pet-safe
Light Prince Goldfish PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring and summer; every 10–14 days in autumn and winterPet-safe
Lightning jewel orchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep lightly and evenly moist — never bone dry, never soggyMildly toxic to pets
Lilac 'Charles Joly'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly through the first season, then only in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Lilac SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 5 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Lilac Trumpet VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 7-10 days during the growing season, allowing the top 3-5 cm to dry slightly between waterings; reduce to every 2-3 weeks in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Lilafee EpimediumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Liliana's PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Lilium 'Black Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Lilium 'Casa Blanca'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5cm of soil is dry, about weekly during active growthToxic to pets
Lilium 'Conca d'Or'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5cm of soil is dry, about weekly during growthToxic to pets
Lilium 'Dizzy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist in growth, about weekly; never waterloggedToxic to pets
Lilium 'Matrix'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist through growth and bloom, about weekly; avoid waterloggingToxic to pets
Lilium 'Regale'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly during active growthToxic to pets
Lilium 'Stargazer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly during growth and floweringToxic to pets
Lilium 'Tiny Bee'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly; more often in potsToxic to pets
Lilium lancifoliumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist in active growth, roughly weekly; never waterloggedToxic to pets
Lily MagnoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Lily of the valleyLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly wateringToxic to pets
Lilyturf-like PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in active growth; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lime Rickey HeucheraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about weeklyPet-safe
Limestone Oak FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep moist but never waterlogged; water when the top 2 cm dries, roughly weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Limestone SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly, allow soil to approach dryness between wateringsPet-safe
Linaria maroccana 'Fairy Bouquet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Linden-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days (allow soil to partially dry)Pet-safe
Lindheimer's MuhlyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish the first season, then occasionally in drought, roughly every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Lindley's BarkeriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Freely every 5-7 days in active growth; almost completely dry (once every 3-4 weeks) from leaf drop until new growth emergesPet-safe
Lion's AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 days in summer, every 7–10 days in winterPet-safe
Lion's AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When roots are silvery and the medium approaches dryness, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Lipstick PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Liquidambar styracifluaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Liquidambar styraciflua 'Worplesdon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Liriodendron tulipiferaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep soak weekly in the first two or three growing seasons, then rely on rainfallPet-safe
Lithops DivergensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only in autumn and spring growth, sparingly when soil is bone dry; no water during summer or mid-winter restPet-safe
Lithops JuliiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)During spring and autumn growth only, roughly every 2-3 weeks; none in summer or winterPet-safe
Lithops Optica 'Rubra'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly in spring and autumn, every 2-3 weeks; withhold entirely in summer and winterPet-safe
Lithops PseudotruncatellaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequently, following the seasonal cycle rather than a fixed schedulePet-safe
Lithops SalicolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Only during active growth (autumn and spring), roughly every 2-3 weeks; none in summer or deep winterPet-safe
Little BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during establishment; minimal once establishedPet-safe
Little Bunny Fountain GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing in the first season, then only during prolonged droughtPet-safe
Little Gem MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing (1–3 years); deep watering in summer drought thereafterPet-safe
Little Gem SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; keep the small root zone evenly moist, watering when the surface driesPet-safe
Little Hard FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in the growing season; less often in winterPet-safe
Little Heath pierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly; maintain consistent moistureToxic to pets
Little Kitten Dwarf Maiden GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to establish, then during dry spells; container plants need more frequent waterMildly toxic to pets
Little Leather LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; keep roots evenly moistPet-safe
little silver spider grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; reduce significantly in winterPet-safe
Little Sweet BetsyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist from emergence through early summer; reduced in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Living Rock CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 21-30 days in summer; essentially none in winterPet-safe
Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequently and strictly by season, often only every few weeks and not at all in summer or deep winterPet-safe
Livistona DecipiensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Lobb's IxoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 days in summer, weekly in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Lobbi Japanese CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; fortnightly in dry spells once matureMildly toxic to pets
Lobed TickseedBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant but benefits from occasional wateringPet-safe
Lobelia cardinalisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist to wet; never let it dry outToxic to pets
Lobelia erinus 'Techno Heat Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; check baskets daily in hot weatherToxic to pets
Lobelia siphiliticaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; tolerates wet soil and short dry spellsToxic to pets
Loblolly Pine BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, commonly daily in summer and every 3-5 days in cool weatherPet-safe
Lobster Claw HeliconiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; maintain consistently moist soilMildly toxic to pets
Lobster FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Log FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days; soil should remain consistently moist to occasionally wetMildly toxic to pets
London PrideMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; less in winterPet-safe
London PrideMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during dry spells; little additional watering needed in temperate climatesPet-safe
Lonesome Dove HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days during active growthToxic to pets
Long Eye-leafDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the autumn-to-spring growing season when the old body wrinkles; completely dry from late spring through summerMildly toxic to pets
Long Spider OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 days in active growth; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Long-Beaked Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water lightly during the cooler growing season; minimal water needed in summerMildly toxic to pets
Long-flower CirrhopetalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 6-8 days during growth; every 10-14 days in cooler or slower growth periodsPet-safe
Long-Flowered Chalice VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; fortnightly in winterToxic to pets
Long-flowered SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Long-Haired ZygopetalumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 days in growth, reduce to weekly in winterPet-safe
Long-leaf Parlor PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Long-leaf Parlour PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Long-Leaf Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season, monthly in winterPet-safe
Long-Leaved PachyphytumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Long-Leaved PhlomisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; minimal to none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Long-leaved speedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Long-lipped Tongue OrchidDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Winter-wet, summer-dry cycle; water lightly in autumn through spring, withhold completely in summerMildly toxic to pets
Long-Petaled DeuterocohniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Long-Petalled LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring; almost dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Long-Spurred VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Long-Stalked CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; tolerates extended dry periodsPet-safe
Long-Stalked PothosMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Long-stalked SpiderwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during active growth; reduce after summer die-backMildly toxic to pets
Long-stamen SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once establishedPet-safe
Long-styled SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Long-tailed MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in warm months; every 1-2 days in cool months — medium must not dry out between wateringsPet-safe
Long-tongue Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
LonganDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3-5 cm of soil dries; keep steady in growthMildly toxic to pets
LonganDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days for young trees; every 10–14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Longcluster Japanese WisteriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days during dry periods; established plants need little supplemental wateringToxic to pets
Longleaf PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days when establishing; minimal supplemental water once establishedPet-safe
Lonicera caprifoliumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the root zone evenly moist; water deeply in dry spells, every 5-7 days in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Lonicera japonicaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, around every 5-10 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Lonicera periclymenumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries, roughly every 5-10 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Lonicera periclymenum 'Serotina'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries, roughly every 5-10 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Lonicera sempervirensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries, about every 5-10 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Lonicera x heckrottiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries, about every 5-10 days while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Loose AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Loose PuyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry to at least 4 cm depth, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; almost nothing in winterMildly toxic to pets
Loose-flowered MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
LoquatDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply when the top 5 cm of soil dries, roughly weekly in warm growth, less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Loranthus-leaf PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2-3 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Lords-and-LadiesLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly during active growth (autumn–spring); reduce in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Lorentz's DeuterocohniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Lossow's JensenobotryaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water sparingly year-round, every 2–3 weeksToxic to pets
Lotax Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; never fully dryPet-safe
Loulu PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Love-in-a-mistDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week; established plants rarely need supplemental watering in cool, moist climatesToxic to pets
Love-lies-bleedingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Loving Touch Miniature RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 2-4 days in summerPet-safe
Low Shield PlantLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 10–14 days; less in winterToxic to pets
Low's CymbidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of the compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthPet-safe
Lowland Brittle FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — keep evenly moist, allowing the surface to just dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Lucky NutDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–10 days during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
LucumaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; allow top 5–8 cm to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Ludwigia arcuataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Grown submersed; perform a 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Ludwigia brevipesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Grown submersed; do a 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Ludwigia glandulosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Grown submersed; do a 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Ludwigia palustrisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Kept fully submersed or in saturated substrate; in aquaria do a 30-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Lugard's MonadeniumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Lund's PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Lungling PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; reduce to every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
LungwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly in dry spells; keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Lungwort 'Bertram Anderson'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7-10 days; somewhat more drought-tolerant than other pulmonarias but still prefers consistent moisturePet-safe
Lungwort 'Mrs Moon'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days in the growing season; keep soil moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Lungwort PulmonariaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 4-6 days in dry spells, more in containersMildly toxic to pets
Lupin 'The Governor'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
LupineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly wateringToxic to pets
Lupinus 'Chandelier'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; keep the soil evenly moist, never soddenToxic to pets
Lupinus 'Manhattan Lights'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; keep soil consistently moist but well-drainedToxic to pets
Lupinus 'Masterpiece'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply once or twice weekly in dry spellsToxic to pets
Lupinus 'Tequila Flame'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; deep water once or twice weekly when dryToxic to pets
Lupinus 'The Governor'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; keep soil consistently moist, never waterloggedToxic to pets
Lupinus polyphyllus 'Gallery Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days; maintain evenly moist soil without waterloggingToxic to pets
Lurida Cast Iron PlantLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Luxuriant Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyToxic to pets
Luzon VandaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily to every 2 days in active growth; reduce slightly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Ly's Wax PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in summer, every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Lycaste skinneriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in active growth; reduce sharply after leaf drop, roughly every 2-3 weeks in winter restPet-safe
LycheeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist in growth; water when the top 3-5 cm driesMildly toxic to pets
Lycian Sage PhlomisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal to none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lydia's Window PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (September–March in the Northern Hemisphere); essentially none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Lydian BroomDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant; water only to establishToxic to pets
Lydian StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Lyme GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Lysimachia nummulariaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water whenever the surface begins to dryMildly toxic to pets
Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water whenever the surface starts to dryMildly toxic to pets
Lythrum salicariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet; thrives in saturated soil and shallow waterMildly toxic to pets
Macarthur PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during growing season; reduce in cooler monthsPet-safe
MacDonnell Ranges CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks (established); monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Macho FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days in summer; every 5–7 days in winterPet-safe
Mackay's HeathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Madagascar Feather PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in warm conditions; every 10–14 days in cooler periodsPet-safe
Madagascar Palm GeayDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; once or twice per month in winterToxic to pets
Madagascar Periwinkle (Vinca)Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm (1 in) of soil is dry, roughly weeklyToxic to pets
Madame Alfred Carriere RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly when establishing; mature plants when the top few centimetres of soil dry, and they tolerate some droughtPet-safe
Madame Butterfly snapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Madame Galen Trumpet VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Madame Lemoine LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days; established plants are drought-tolerantPet-safe
Madison's MatucanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Madonna LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water during active growth, reduce as dormancy approachesToxic to pets
Madonna White SnapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 daysPet-safe
Magdalene AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular watering spring–autumn; reduce markedly in winterPet-safe
Magenta CherryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
magic star stromantheMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Magnificent ColumneaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days during active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Magnificent HomalomenaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in growing season; every 14–21 days in winterToxic to pets
Magnificent InulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2-3 times per week; tolerates moist to wet conditionsPet-safe
Magnificent Juno IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in growth; dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Magnolia 'Elizabeth'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first few years and in summer droughtsPet-safe
Magnolia 'Jane'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the first two years, then during dry spellsPet-safe
Magnolia 'Susan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep moist while establishing; water deeply weekly in dry spells for the first few yearsPet-safe
Magnolia grandiflora 'Gallissonnière'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering in the first 2-3 years, then only during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Magnolia wilsoniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing and during dry summer spellsPet-safe
Magnolia-leaved SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in summer; every 2–3 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mahonia aquifolium ApolloMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, weekly through the first year then occasionallyPet-safe
Mahonia CharityMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, weekly to establish then chiefly during droughtsPet-safe
Mahonia PinnacleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, weekly through the first year then occasionallyPet-safe
Mahonia repensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, weekly to establish then rarelyPet-safe
Mahonia Soft CaressMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly and more attentively than spinier mahoniasPet-safe
Mahonia Winter SunMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, weekly while establishing then only in dry spellsPet-safe
Maiden GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first growing season; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Maidenhair fernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist — often every 2-3 daysPet-safe
Maidenhair SpleenwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Maidenhair TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, roughly every 1-3 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Maire's fescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water every 2–3 weeks during dry spells; once established, relies on natural rainfall in most temperate climatesPet-safe
Majeste PulmonariaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 4-6 days in dry weather, more for containersMildly toxic to pets
Majestic Giants PansyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil starts to dry, roughly every 3–5 days in mild weatherMildly toxic to pets
Malabar QuisqualisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days during dry periods; reduce in cool or wet seasonsMildly toxic to pets
Malabar TamarindBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water consistently to keep soil evenly moist; reduce slightly in cooler months.Mildly toxic to pets
Malay AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering every 4-7 days; keep consistently moist when fruitingMildly toxic to pets
Male FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
MaleberryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular to frequent; prefers moist to wet conditionsToxic to pets
Malepartus silver grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in autumn; minimal in winterPet-safe
Mallow-leaved PyrenacanthaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (summer–autumn); very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Maltese crossDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; less in cool or wet periodsPet-safe
Malus 'Profusion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly while establishing; mature trees need water only in prolonged droughtToxic to pets
Malus 'Royalty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly for the first 2-3 years; established trees need water only in extended droughtToxic to pets
Malus floribundaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly during establishment; mature trees need water only in extended droughtToxic to pets
Malus tschonoskiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly for the first 2-3 years; established trees need water only in prolonged droughtToxic to pets
Mamey AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mammillaria mystaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply when the mix is completely dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Mammy CrotonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
MamoncilloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Mandacaru CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in the growing season (spring–summer); every 4-6 weeks in autumn; once every 6-8 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mandevilla 'Alice du Pont'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist in summer; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, often every 2-4 days in heatMildly toxic to pets
Mandianum Blue Star FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
MangosteenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist; water deeply and often, never letting it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Manhattan EuonymusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing, then every 10-14 days once matureToxic to pets
Manna AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Many FingersDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Many-Flowered Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 1–2 times per week, or a 20-minute soak every 1–2 weeksPet-safe
many-flowered cape primroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Many-Flowered CornflagDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during autumn-to-spring growing season; dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Many-flowered FockeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Many-flowered HeathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate to infrequent; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Many-Flowered RuschiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (autumn–spring); very sparingly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Many-Flowered RushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequent to constant — prefers permanently moist to wet soilPet-safe
Many-haired DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during growth; almost dry in winterPet-safe
Many-Headed Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and essentially none in winterPet-safe
Many-Nippled PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Many-pinnate CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer; every 3–5 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Many-spiked IxiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Many-spiked SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water when the top 5 cm of soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Many-stemmed LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks autumn through late spring; none in summerPet-safe
Mapu Fan PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
MarangDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, often every 3-6 days in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
Marble BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh central cup weekly; water soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Marble HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Marbled Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the autumn-to-spring active period; completely dry in summerPet-safe
Marbled Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water only in autumn during new-leaf emergence (September–November); completely dry rest of yearPet-safe
Marcgrave's NidulariumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly cup refill; medium kept lightly moistPet-safe
Marginal Wood FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist while establishing; water deeply during droughts, about every 7-10 days in dry summersPet-safe
Marginata Wood RushMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate; water during dry spells in the first growing season, then minimal supplemental water neededPet-safe
Margined CopiapoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry throughout, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Margined SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days when growing; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Marie Simon CeanothusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days in the growing season, allowing the top few centimetres of soil to dry between waterings; less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Marie's DavalliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–10 days in the growing season; minimal in winter dormancyPet-safe
Maries Doublefile ViburnumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–10 days; more frequently during establishment and dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
MarigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Marmalade HeucheraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyPet-safe
Marram GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Marseille GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently once established; weekly when newly plantedMildly toxic to pets
Marsh AfrikanerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during winter–spring growing season; withhold entirely once foliage dies back in summerToxic to pets
Marsh FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep wet to saturated at all times; never allow the soil to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Marshall's ThuniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water freely every 2-4 days during vigorous summer growth; reduce sharply from autumn as leaves yellow, then keep almost dry (monthly) through winter dormancyPet-safe
Marsilea quadrifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep in wet mud or shallow water; never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Marson's Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-14 days in active growth; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Marson's GymnocalyciumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Martagon LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When top 3–4 cm of soil feels dryToxic to pets
Martinezii LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Dry in summer; moderate in winter-to-spring growth periodToxic to pets
Martius Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; once established, every 2–3 weeks depending on rainfallPet-safe
Martius's BrassavolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during growing season; reduce in winter after floweringPet-safe
Masaguno SasaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in growing season; reduce to weekly in winterPet-safe
Masdevallia Angel FrostMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist year-round, watering about every 2-4 days so the medium never dries outPet-safe
Masdevallia coccineaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist all year, watering about every 2-4 days so the medium never dries fullyPet-safe
Masdevallia tovarensisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist throughout the year, watering roughly every 2-4 days so the medium stays dampPet-safe
Masdevallia veitchianaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep roots evenly moist year-round; water roughly every 2-4 days so the mix never fully driesPet-safe
Masked TwinspurBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly to keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Masters' LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during first 2 years; monthly once establishedPet-safe
Masterwort 'Ruby Wedding'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days in warm weather; reduce in cooler months when growth slowsMildly toxic to pets
Masterwort 'Venice'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days; do not allow soil to dry out during active growthMildly toxic to pets
MatasanoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when young; highly drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Mathilde's Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow to nearly dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Matsumoto Mix asterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in warm weather; reduce in cool or overcast periodsPet-safe
Matted GlobulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; minimal in winter — avoid wetting the crown.Mildly toxic to pets
Matted Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Matthiola incana 'Giant Imperial Mix'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water every 3-5 days, adjusting to weatherPet-safe
Matthiola incana 'Katz Sakura'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 3-5 days, more in heatPet-safe
Maudiae Slipper OrchidLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5–7 daysPet-safe
Maughan's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in autumn growth phase; none during summer dormancyPet-safe
Mauna Loa Peace LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; every 14 days in winterToxic to pets
Mauritius LycheeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist in growth; water when the top 3-5 cm driesMildly toxic to pets
Maury's Air PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Mist or soak every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Maximilian SunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; minimal supplemental irrigation neededPet-safe
May Night SalviaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days once establishedPet-safe
MayappleLow light (north window or shaded room)1–2 times per week during spring; reduce as plant enters summer dormancyToxic to pets
Meadow Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist to medium; water during dry spellsPet-safe
Meadow ButtercupDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Naturally thrives in moist conditions; water weekly in dry spellsToxic to pets
Meadow ClaryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; water when the top 5 cm is dryMildly toxic to pets
meadow fountain grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when new; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Meadow Oat GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Meadow PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)1-2 times per week; prefers consistently moist soilMildly toxic to pets
Meadow SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring; minimal watering needed from midsummer onwardPet-safe
Meadow VetchlingBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — keep consistently moist but well-drainedMildly toxic to pets
Mealy-cup SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days when young; every 10-14 days once establishedPet-safe
Mealycup Sage 'Victoria Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly, less once establishedPet-safe
Mediterranean EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Mediterranean Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Mediterranean feather grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks once established; minimal in winterPet-safe
Mediterranean Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water young plants to establish, then rely on rainfallPet-safe
Medusa OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water every 2-4 days, more in heatPet-safe
Medusa's CirrhopetalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days during active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Melancholy ThistleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — keep soil moistMildly toxic to pets
Melocactus peruvianusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, about every 1-2 weeks in warm summer growth; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Membrane-flowered StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; never allow roots to fully dryPet-safe
Mendoza GraptopetalumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Menyanthes trifoliataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently in wet mud or shallow water; never let it dryMildly toxic to pets
Merola's DioonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Metallic HeliconiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in warm conditions; once weekly in cooler periodsMildly toxic to pets
Mexican AchimenesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist throughout the growing season (spring–autumn); dry in winter dormancyPet-safe
Mexican AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (soil); refresh central tank monthlyPet-safe
Mexican Blue PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasional deep soakings; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Mexican Blue PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; reduce to every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Mexican Bush SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 2–3 weeks in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Mexican ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water in summer; near-dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mexican CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; fortnightly in dry periods once matureMildly toxic to pets
Mexican Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply but infrequently once established, every 10-14 days; weekly while youngMildly toxic to pets
Mexican Feather GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Mexican Fence Post CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top half of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Mexican FleabaneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during active growth; minimal once establishedPet-safe
Mexican Giant CardonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mexican HatDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Mexican Hat PalmLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Mexican LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Mexican Lime CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Mexican PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Mexican SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growthPet-safe
Mexican SnowballBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly in winterPet-safe
Mexican sunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established; then every 10–14 days; drought-tolerant once matureMildly toxic to pets
Mexican Tortoise PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days during the summer growing season; reduce to once a month or less in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Mexican zinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly; allow the top 2–3 cm of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Meyer's Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in growth; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Meyer's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late summer (August/September) through autumn; withheld completely from May to AugustPet-safe
Michaelovsky FritillaryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during active growth in spring; withhold almost completely from midsummer through autumnToxic to pets
Micholitz's CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; once a month or less in winterToxic to pets
Midas Touch RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly during growthPet-safe
Middendorf WeigelaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7 days during dry periods; keep evenly moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
MignonetteDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; do not allow to dry out completelyPet-safe
Mignonette PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Mikania ternataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Milkflower cotoneasterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first growing season; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Milky bellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry periods; moderate water requirementsPet-safe
Milky Bellflower 'Prichard's Variety'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week in dry spells; regular moisture during flowering improves performanceMildly toxic to pets
Milky Way Kousa DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing; deep watering in summer droughtPet-safe
Miller's LaeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the pot is almost completely dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summerPet-safe
Million bellsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in hot weather for containers; every 2–3 days in cooler periodsMildly toxic to pets
Miltonia OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-5 days in active growth; let medium approach dryness, never bone-dryPet-safe
Miltoniopsis roezliiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water every 3-5 days, never letting the mix fully dryPet-safe
Mimulus ringensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet at all times; never allow the soil to dryMildly toxic to pets
Min FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during establishment; moderate thereafterPet-safe
Miniature Chusan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in the growing season, reduced in winterPet-safe
Miniature Cone PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days during active growth (autumn–spring); completely dry through summer dormancyPet-safe
Miniature Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water very sparingly from September to early April; completely dry from April through AugustMildly toxic to pets
Miniature Creeping JennyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Frequently; keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Miniature Desert RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Miniature Sugar PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 14 days in winterPet-safe
Minnesota Trout LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moist throughout active growth (April–May); bone-dry conditions are fatalMildly toxic to pets
Mintleaf SpurflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days, allowing the top 2-3 cm of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Minute MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Minuteman HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Miquel's CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeksToxic to pets
Miquel's PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Miracle FruitBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Miranda's CeratozamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeksToxic to pets
Miss Grace Dawn RedwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly or more in dry periods; tolerates wet soilsPet-safe
Miss Jekyll love-in-a-mistDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly or as neededMildly toxic to pets
Miss Kim LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to establish, then occasional deep watering in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Miss Sharples Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–6 days; maintain consistent soil moisturePet-safe
Miss Willmott's GhostDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — once established, water only during prolonged droughtPet-safe
Miss Wilmott's GhostDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water occasionally in the first year, then rarely once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Missouri ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; very drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Missouri Foxtail CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-21 days in summer; virtually none in winterPet-safe
Missouri IronweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate to high — prefers moist soilMildly toxic to pets
Mister Lincoln RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week, more in heatPet-safe
Mitchell's Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray method, seasonally adjustedPet-safe
Mock OrangeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water in dry spells; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Mock Orange 'Belle Etoile'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; during dry spells thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Moctezuma ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water in summer; near-dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Modoc CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Momi FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water regularly during establishmentPet-safe
Monarch BirchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering for first 2–3 years; moderate once establishedPet-safe
Monarch of the EastBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Minimal until potted and in growth; then water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Monarch of the VeldtDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Monarda 'Jacob Cline'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply about once or twice a week, keeping soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Monarda 'Marshall's Delight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply once or twice a week to keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Mondo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Mongolian LindenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks in dry summersPet-safe
Monk's Hood CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in the growing season; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Monk's Hood CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterPet-safe
Monkey Comb VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; reduce in cooler or drier monthsMildly toxic to pets
Monkey flowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; more frequently in warm or windy weatherPet-safe
Monkey JackDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees 2–3 times per week; established trees are moderately drought-tolerant and generally managed on natural rainfall in tropical climates.Pet-safe
MonkeyflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Constantly moist to wet — water daily in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
MonsteraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Monstera standleyanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Monstera SubpinnataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Monstera-Like RhaphidophoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3–4 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7–14 days depending on seasonToxic to pets
Monstrose Apple CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Mont Cenis BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — water sparingly during growth; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Montbretia 'Lucifer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Approximately every 7-10 days during the growing season; reduce to monthly once dormant in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Monterey CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; infrequent once matureMildly toxic to pets
Montezuma CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply every 7-14 days, more frequently in heatPet-safe
Montgomery AstilbeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; water when the top 2-3 cm dries, roughly every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Montpellier Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — establishment watering onlyMildly toxic to pets
Moon CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Only when the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and far less in winterPet-safe
Moonglow JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days when establishing, then deep occasional soaksMildly toxic to pets
Moonshadow EuonymusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing, then every 10-14 days once matureToxic to pets
MoonstonesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2 to 3 weeks in active growth; roughly monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Moor Witch Purple Moor GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate to frequent — prefers reliably moist soil; dislikes droughtPet-safe
Moorcroft's SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Moore's BlechnumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Moore's CoelogyneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Moore's CrinumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Moore's CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 2–4 weeks during active growth, sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Moore's MacrozamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeksToxic to pets
Mophead Hydrangea 'Cityline Paris'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often 2-3 times weekly in summer heatToxic to pets
Mops Dwarf Mountain PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer once established; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Morell's BillbergiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep central cup filled; water substrate every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Moretti's BellflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — water carefully during growth, keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Morning Light Maiden GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing in the first year, then only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Morning Light Maiden GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for the first growing season; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Moroccan Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once established, water sparingly in winterPet-safe
Moroccan toadflaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week; reduce to weekly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Morren's CatopsisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the central tank topped up; flush weekly; water soil lightly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Mosaic BromeliadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Top up the central urn weekly; water the potting mix every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Mosaic Vase PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep urn filled; water medium every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Moser's GymnocalyciumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 7-10 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Moses in the CradleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Moso BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in the growing season; weekly in winterPet-safe
Mosquito PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days once established; more frequent when youngPet-safe
Moss CampionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly in summer; almost none in winterPet-safe
Moss PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — water during establishment and dry spellsPet-safe
Moss roseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is thoroughly dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerToxic to pets
Moss-Leaf Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Mossy cassiopeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; never allow soil to dry outPet-safe
Mossy SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce in summer heat and winterPet-safe
Moth MulleinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during dry spells; largely self-sufficient once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Mother of HundredsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in spring-summer when the top 3 cm of soil is dry; every 4-6 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Mother of Pearl poppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly during establishment; minimal once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Mother of thousandsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm (2 in) of soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Mother of ThousandsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Mottled Wild GingerLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; every 14 days once well establishedMildly toxic to pets
Moudry Black Fountain GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment, then occasional deep watering in dry spellsPet-safe
Mount Etna BroomDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — very drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Mountain African DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Mountain AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, every 1-3 weeks in warm growthToxic to pets
Mountain AlyssumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Mountain BellwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once per week during the growing season; less frequent than other bellworts owing to this species' preference for drier conditions.Mildly toxic to pets
Mountain Bladder FernLow light (north window or shaded room)2-3 times per week in active growth; reduce when dormantPet-safe
Mountain BluebellsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water deeply 2–3 times per week; does not tolerate drying outPet-safe
Mountain CornflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first season; established plants are drought-tolerant and rarely need wateringPet-safe
Mountain Desert SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low once established; xeric to moderatePet-safe
Mountain EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Mountain FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water when the top 2-3 cm dry out, roughly weekly in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Mountain FetterbushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 7–14 days; once established it is relatively drought-tolerant for a PierisToxic to pets
Mountain Fire pierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly to bi-weekly depending on conditionsToxic to pets
Mountain GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely once established; water during dry spells in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Mountain HemlockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; relies on rainfall and snowmelt once establishedPet-safe
Mountain Hydrangea 'Bluebird'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About weekly, roughly 2.5 cm (1 inch) per week; water when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
mountain laurelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; water during dry spells once establishedToxic to pets
Mountain Laurel 'Olympic Fire'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist, especially in the first yearsToxic to pets
Mountain Male FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days during the growing season; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mountain PansyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water sparingly; allow soil to partially dry between waterings.Pet-safe
Mountain PhloxMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; allow the top 2–3 cm of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Mountain PierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry weather and never allow drought stressToxic to pets
Mountain PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil surface starts to dry, then soak thoroughlyMildly toxic to pets
Mountain RimuBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-14 days; keep soil consistently moist, especially in summerMildly toxic to pets
Mountain SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Mountain SoursopDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly when establishing; weekly once matureMildly toxic to pets
Mountain Sweet Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray method, moist year-roundPet-safe
Mountain Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season, every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Mourning Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5–7 days in the growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Mouse Head PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks year-round, with a brief reduction after floweringMildly toxic to pets
Mouse-ear HawkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Mouse-Tail Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist or soak every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Mousetail ArumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately during autumn-to-spring growth when the top few cm dry; keep dry through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Mpumalanga CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeksToxic to pets
Mr Bowling Ball ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly while establishing; weekly thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Mrs D.F. Maxwell Cornish heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Mugo PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing the first year, then only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Muhly GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly the first season to establish, then only in drought, roughly every 2 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Muir's Living PebbleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the body begins to slightly wrinkle, roughly every 3-4 weeks during the autumn-spring growing season; completely dry through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Muir's RhinephyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring–summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Muir's RhinephyllumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 21-28 days in the growing season (autumn-spring); almost none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Muir's SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Mulanje CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to fortnightly in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Mulberry Wine prickly heathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep consistently moistToxic to pets
Mulu Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium evenly moist; water every 2–3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Munby's Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Munstead Wood RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week, more in heatPet-safe
Muscari 'White Magic'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; water in dry spring spellsPet-safe
Muscari armeniacumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; water in dry spring spellsPet-safe
Musk MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate once establishedPet-safe
Muster-John-HenryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly; allow the top 3 cm of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Mutton Bird SedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate to regular; do not allow to dry out in the growing seasonPet-safe
Myanmar Purple GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular watering to maintain even soil moisture through the growing season.Mildly toxic to pets
Myretoun Ruby winter heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for new plants in the first season; every 2–3 weeks for established plants during dry spellsPet-safe
Myriophyllum aquaticumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently in water; keep ponds topped up and stableMildly toxic to pets
Myriophyllum spicatumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously submerged; maintain pond level so plants sit in 0.5-3 m of waterMildly toxic to pets
Nahanni FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Nahoum's AlcantareaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Refill the central tank every 7-10 days; water substrate sparingly — only when completely dryPet-safe
Naked BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Naked CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — prefers moisture during active growth; dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Namaqualand CheiridopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn through early spring; completely dry June–AugustPet-safe
Namaqualand SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; sparingly once establishedPet-safe
Nana Lutea Hinoki CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days while establishing, then when the top few cm of soil dryMildly toxic to pets
Nananthus transvaalensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when soil is bone dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; minimal in summer and winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
NanceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days; highly drought-tolerant when establishedPet-safe
Nandina FirepowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then every 10-14 days once matureToxic to pets
Nandina Gulf StreamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering while establishing, then every 10-14 days in dry spellsToxic to pets
Nandina Harbour DwarfBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly while establishing, then every 10-14 days once matureToxic to pets
Nandina LiriopeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Nandina ObsessedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then every 10-14 days once matureToxic to pets
Nannorrhops RitchianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil has dried out, roughly every 10-21 days in heatMildly toxic to pets
nannyberryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly for first two seasons; infrequently once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Naomi Hakone GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Narcissus 'February Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn-to-spring growth; dry through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Hawera'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist during active growth (autumn rooting through spring flowering); largely dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Ice Follies'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Jetfire'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Minnow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Evenly moist while in leaf and flower; dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Pipit'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Tahiti'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Tete-a-Tete'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Thalia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
NardooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Aquatic — grow permanently in shallow water 5–15 cm deep, or in waterlogged pond margin soilPet-safe
Narrow Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Narrow Rib CereusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
narrow small-reedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist to wet; suited to boggy, saturated, or seasonally flooded soilsPet-safe
Narrow-Leaf Bird of ParadiseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow soil to dry well between waterings; approximately every 10–21 days in the growing season, very infrequent in winterToxic to pets
Narrow-Leaf ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish in year one, then only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Narrow-leaf DioonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once a month in winterToxic to pets
Narrow-Leaf Fountain BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in warm months; weekly in cool weatherPet-safe
Narrow-leaf ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeksToxic to pets
Narrow-leaf ZinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 daysPet-safe
Narrow-Leafed Arrowhead VineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Narrow-Leaved AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Narrow-leaved BiarumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Light watering in autumn–spring active growth; completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Narrow-Leaved Bird of ParadiseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Narrow-Leaved Evening PrimroseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Narrow-leaved Everlasting PeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — water during prolonged drought only once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Narrow-leaved FockeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in growing season; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Narrow-leaved GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; allow the top centimetre of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Narrow-leaved Glade FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 2 cm begin to dry, roughly every 5-7 days in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Narrow-Leaved SpleenwortLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 2–3 days in warm months; reduce in winterPet-safe
Narrow-leaved Water PlantainDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Marginal aquatic; submerged 0–20 cm over the crownMildly toxic to pets
Narrow-leaved WatsoniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Narrow-petal FrangipaniDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; minimal in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Narrow-Petaled HechtiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Narrowleaf gazaniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–21 days once established; twice weekly when newly plantedMildly toxic to pets
Narrowleaf MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant, minimal supplemental wateringToxic to pets
Narvaez Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
NasturtiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly wateringPet-safe
Natai PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in warm conditions; every 14 days in cooler periodsPet-safe
Natal CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days (allow soil to dry between waterings)Toxic to pets
Natal Plum BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-6 days in growthPet-safe
Nathalie's RamondaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice a week in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Naureen's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the active autumn-to-spring period; completely dry in summerPet-safe
NavelwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly in autumn–spring growing period; very little in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Neanthe Bella PalmLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Nearly Wild RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week, more in heatPet-safe
Neat BulbophyllumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–6 days; mounted plants may need more frequent mistingPet-safe
Needle GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Needle PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days while actively growingMildly toxic to pets
Neglected PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Nejapa PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 5-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Nel's Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Neli's Tongue PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in autumn and spring growing seasons; near-dry in summer dormancy and restricted in winterMildly toxic to pets
Nelumbo 'Baby Doll'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Always submerged; keep 8-25 cm of water over the crownMildly toxic to pets
Nelumbo 'Momo Botan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Always submerged; keep 10-30 cm of water over the crownMildly toxic to pets
Nelumbo 'Mrs. Perry D. Slocum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Always submerged; keep 15-45 cm of water over the crownMildly toxic to pets
Nelumbo luteaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Always submerged; keep 15-60 cm of standing water over the crownMildly toxic to pets
Nelumbo nuciferaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged rhizome in still water with warm emergent growthMildly toxic to pets
Nemesia 'Sunsatia Cranberry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-3 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Nemesia strumosa 'Poetry Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-3 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Neon Tangerine CalendulaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes 'Miranda'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media constantly moist; water every 2-4 days with mineral-free waterPet-safe
Nepenthes ampullariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium constantly moist, watering every 2-3 days; it likes more water than highland speciesPet-safe
Nepenthes copelandiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water from above every 2-4 days, never leaving it standing in waterMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes dubiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media evenly moist but never sodden; water from the top every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes hamataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media moist; water every 2-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes inermisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media evenly moist, never waterlogged; water from the top every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes merrillianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the mix lightly moist at all times; water from the top every 2-4 days, never standingMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes mikeiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media evenly moist but never sodden; water from the top every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes MirandaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media damp; water every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes rafflesianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media constantly moist; water every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes rajahBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium evenly moist at all times, watering every 2-4 days so it never dries outPet-safe
Nepenthes robcantleyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media moist; water every 2-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes SanguineaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium constantly damp; water roughly every 2-4 days so it never dries outMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes spathulataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media moist; water every 2-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes talangensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media evenly moist, never waterlogged; water from the top every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes tentaculataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium constantly moist, watering every 2-4 days so it never fully driesMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes tenuisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media evenly moist, never waterlogged; water from the top every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes truncataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium evenly moist, watering every 2-4 days so it never fully driesPet-safe
Nepenthes veitchiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media moist; water every 2-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepenthes villosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media moist; water every 2-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry to a few centimetres; infrequently once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Nepeta 'Walker's Low'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres are dry; weekly while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Nepeta racemosa 'Blue Wonder'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres are dry; weekly while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Nepeta sibirica 'Souvenir d'André Chaudron'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Nerved CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; much less in winterPet-safe
Nery's Turk's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; reduce to every 4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Nesting MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in hot weather; every 2–3 days in cool seasonsPet-safe
net-vein camelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; consistent moisture throughout the yearMildly toxic to pets
Netted Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep continuously moist to wet; check every 3-5 days and never allow dryingMildly toxic to pets
Netted Chain FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Freely — keep soil moist to seasonally wetPet-safe
Netted IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — dry in summer dormancy; moderate when in growthToxic to pets
Nettle-leaved BellflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — keep consistently moist, especially in summerPet-safe
Nettle-leaved MulleinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during dry spells; seldom needed once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Nevada BitterrootDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; completely dry in summer dormancyPet-safe
Nevada LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring; almost none in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
New Dawn RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week in the growing season; more during establishment or droughtPet-safe
New England AsterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water weekly, more in heatPet-safe
New England Aster 'Purple Dome'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water deeply during dry spells, about weeklyPet-safe
New England Aster 'Purple Dome'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
New Guinea ImpatiensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 1-3 days in warm weatherPet-safe
New Mexico Giant HyssopDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days once establishedPet-safe
New York asterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; less frequent once established in cool climatesPet-safe
New York Aster 'Fellowship'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
New York FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water when the top 2-3 cm begin to dry, roughly weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
New York IronweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water weekly when rainfall is shortMildly toxic to pets
New Zealand Everlasting DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasional; tolerant of dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
New Zealand GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep moist but never waterlogged; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
New Zealand Micro SwordBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged aquatic plantPet-safe
New Zealand SnowberryMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7 days during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
New Zealand Tree FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist — water 2-3 times per week during dry spells in the growing seasonPet-safe
New Zealand Tree FuchsiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — consistent moisturePet-safe
Nicaraguan ColumneaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–8 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Nicholas Hakone GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Nicotiana sylvestrisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysToxic to pets
Night Sky PetuniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm of compost feels dry, typically every 2-4 days in warm weather; containers may need daily watering in midsummer heatPet-safe
Night-blooming JasmineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Night-scented stockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Nihoa PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-7 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-21 daysPet-safe
Nikko Blue Bigleaf HydrangeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3–5 days in summer; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Nikko bog rosemaryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; never dry outToxic to pets
Nikko FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; reduced once establishedPet-safe
Nile SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; consistent moisture preferredPet-safe
Ninebark 'Diabolo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; established plants only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Ninja FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; increase in warm or dry periodsPet-safe
Ninja TiarellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply once or twice a week during dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Nivalis flowering quinceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; rainfall usually sufficient once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Noble Carrion FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Noble CymbidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Noble CymbidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep lightly and evenly moist, about every 5-7 days, reduced in winterPet-safe
Noble FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering during establishment; naturally sustained by Pacific Northwest rainfallPet-safe
Nodding EnkianthusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; maintain even soil moistureMildly toxic to pets
Nodding GreenhoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Lightly moist during active growth (autumn–spring), roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Nodding SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Nodding TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist to seasonally wet; tolerates more moisture than most Trilliums.Mildly toxic to pets
Nodding Wand FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Heavy from early spring to late summer; reduced in autumn and winterMildly toxic to pets
NoniDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry out, about every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Nootka CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Nootka CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during establishment; tolerates wet or dry once maturePet-safe
Nootka LupinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Nordmann FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; relies on rainfall once establishedPet-safe
Norstog's CeratozamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–5 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Northern Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks once established; more often during establishmentPet-safe
Northern Buckler FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce significantly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Northern Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; less in winterPet-safe
Northern Japanese HemlockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during growing season; less in winterPet-safe
Northern Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days in warm weather; keep soil consistently moist but not waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Northern Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Northern Needleleaf Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak once a week; mist every 2–3 daysPet-safe
Northern Red OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular deep watering in the first 2-3 years; established trees are moderately drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Northern Sea OatsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water to keep soil moist, deeply once or twice weekly in dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Northwind Switch GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water deeply every 1-2 weeks while youngMildly toxic to pets
Northwind SwitchgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks when maturePet-safe
Norway MapleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply every 7-14 days during the first three growing seasons; established mature trees are largely self-sufficient but benefit from watering during severe droughtMildly toxic to pets
Norway SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top centimetre of soil begins to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Notable Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of the medium is dry, approximately every 5-7 days; reduce slightly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Notch CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is fully dry, sparingly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Notch-Tipped PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Notocactus MagnificusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry: water deeply only when the mix is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Nottingham CatchflyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Novak's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist thoroughly 2–3 times per week in warm conditions; reduce to once per week in cool, low-humidity winters.Pet-safe
Nuccio's Gems camelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; consistent moisture essential from summer through bud setMildly toxic to pets
Nude Sheath BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; every 2–3 weeks when dormantPet-safe
Nummularioides Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in the growing season; roughly every 2 weeks in winterPet-safe
Nuphar luteaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged roots; keep crown in 0.3-2.5 m of waterMildly toxic to pets
Nuphar polysepalaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged roots; keep crown in 0.3-2 m of waterMildly toxic to pets
Nuttall's WaterweedMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submergedPet-safe
Nymphaea 'Attraction'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; maintain pond level, top up in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Chromatella'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; keep pond level steadyMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Escarboucle'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; keep pond level constantMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Firecrest'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged in still waterMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Gonnere'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged in still or very slow-moving waterMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'James Brydon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; maintain steady pond levelMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Marliacea Albida'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; keep pond level steadyMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Marliacea Carnea'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; keep pond level steadyMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Perry's Fire Opal'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; keep pond level steadyMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Pygmaea Helvola'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged in shallow still waterMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Pygmaea Rubra'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged in shallow still waterMildly toxic to pets
Nymphaea 'Sioux'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; keep pond level steadyMildly toxic to pets
Nymphoides peltataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; maintain stable pond levelMildly toxic to pets
Nyssa sylvaticaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; keep soil moist to wetMildly toxic to pets
Oak FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2 cm begins to dry, roughly weekly in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Oak-leaf PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Allow soil to become fairly dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Oakleaf HydrangeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil moist while establishing; then water deeply during dry spells, roughly weekly in summer heatToxic to pets
Oakleaf Hydrangea 'Snow Queen'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly, about 2.5 cm (1 inch) per week while establishing; deep-soak when the top 5 cm of soil driesToxic to pets
Oblong-leaf SancheziaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Obscura Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in growth; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Ochre CoelogyneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to once every 2–3 weeks in winter restPet-safe
OcotilloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent; irrigate every 3–4 weeks in summer heat; minimal to none in cool monthsMildly toxic to pets
October DaphneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in active growth; minimal in winter dormancyPet-safe
Ogon Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water whenever the surface begins to feel barely dampMildly toxic to pets
Ohio GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate to high — keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Ohio SpiderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly to fortnightly; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Oklahoma Salmon zinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days; adjust for rainfall and temperaturePet-safe
Old Father Live ForeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 3–5 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 10–14 days; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Old Gold JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly the first season; afterward only during sustained droughtToxic to pets
Old Lady PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Old Lady PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Old Man CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, very little in winterPet-safe
Old Man of the AndesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil has dried out, about every 2 weeks in summer; very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Old Man PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Old Man PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Old Man's BeardDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)During establishment water deeply every 5-7 days; once established, water only during prolonged dry spellsToxic to pets
Old Woman CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Old World Sago CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growthToxic to pets
old-fashioned weigelaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first growing season; once or twice per month during dry spells when establishedPet-safe
OleanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Olive Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — autumn watering only (September–November); completely dry during winter and summer dormancyPet-safe
Oliver's impatiensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–7 days; moderate and consistentPet-safe
Olivia Rose AustinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week, more in heatPet-safe
Olympiad RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly during growthPet-safe
Olympic MulleinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Olympic St. John's WortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
One-flowered ClintoniaLow light (north window or shaded room)Maintain consistently moist soil; water deeply when the top 2 cm begins to dryMildly toxic to pets
Onzuka Bishop's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Ophir Mugo PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly during the first growing season, then only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Opium poppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days once growing stronglyToxic to pets
Opposite-Flowered SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; allow the top few centimetres of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Opposite-leaf Cliff StonecropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; very rarely in winterPet-safe
Optic Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water sparingly during active growth (late summer to spring); completely dry in summer dormancy (June–August)Pet-safe
Optical PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water only during autumn active growth (September–November); completely dry rest of yearPet-safe
Orache-Leaved Sun RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — once every 3–4 weeks in summer; rely on rainfall in other seasonsMildly toxic to pets
Orange coneflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Orange Glow FirethornDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Orange LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 2–3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Orange New Zealand sedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular watering until established; moderate thereafterPet-safe
Orange Queen EpimediumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment and dry spells; established clumps are notably drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Orange River Climbing OnionBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1–2 weeks during active vine growth; completely dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Orange River LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Orange SneezeweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Orange StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days when establishing; virtually rain-fed once maturePet-safe
Orbea ciliataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Orbea decaisneanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Orbea luteaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Oregon StonecropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in active growth; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Oregon WoodsiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water every 7–14 days, less in winterPet-safe
Oreocereus trolliiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; none in winterPet-safe
Oreocharis auriculaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Organ Pipe CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Oriental ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing (first 1–2 seasons); every 2–3 weeks once established; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Oriental BittersweetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Extremely drought-tolerant once established; supplemental watering is rarely needed except in the first seasonToxic to pets
Oriental Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly — keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
oriental fountain grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once established; more frequent during establishmentPet-safe
Oriental HornbeamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; water during first 2 seasons onlyPet-safe
Oriental Ostrich FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Regularly — keep soil consistently moist to moderately dryPet-safe
Oriental Poppy 'Beauty of Livermere'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week during active growth; reduce as plants go summer-dormantToxic to pets
Oriental Poppy 'Patty's Plum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week during spring growth; reduce markedly as summer dormancy approachesToxic to pets
Oriental SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; regular moisture during first 2–3 yearsMildly toxic to pets
Oriental SweetgumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Ornamental Plum 'Nigra'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; little once matureToxic to pets
Ornate PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Orpen's AloinopsisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in autumn–spring; minimal in summerPet-safe
Orpen's AloinopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn through early spring; once a month or not at all through summerPet-safe
Orpheus FlowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Lightly and consistently, keeping the root zone barely moist but never wetMildly toxic to pets
OrpineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during dry spells; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Orssich's Holiday CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing season; reduce to every 2-3 weeks during the autumn restPet-safe
Orthophytum saxicolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Osbeck's Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Osmunda regalis 'Purpurascens'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil constantly moist to wet; check every 2-3 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Osmunda spectabilisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep wet to consistently moist at all times; water whenever the surface is not dampPet-safe
Ospina's VrieseaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep cup filled; flush weekly; medium every 2 weeksPet-safe
Ossorio Gold Umbrella PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once every 7-10 days, keeping soil consistently moist throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Ostbo Red Mountain LaurelMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; maintain even moistureToxic to pets
Osteospermum 'Akila Daisy White'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Osteospermum 'Sunny Serena White'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Osteospermum 'Voltage Yellow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Othello LigulariaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep permanently moist; water deeply 2-3 times weekly, daily during heatMildly toxic to pets
Outstretched MaxillariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 1-2 cm of medium is dry, approximately every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Ovate Maiden FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm begin to dry, roughly weekly in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Overdam Feather Reed GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Overdam Variegated Feather Reed GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry, about weekly; tolerates occasionally damp soilPet-safe
Owl Eye CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summer; once every 5-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Owl Eyes CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in spring and summer; nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Ox TongueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Ox Tongue PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Oxalis tetraphyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in active growthToxic to pets
Oxeye daisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal once established; water during prolonged drought onlyMildly toxic to pets
Oxford and Cambridge Grape HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Rainfall usually sufficient; water during prolonged dry spells in springToxic to pets
OxlipMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; keep soil consistently moist, especially in summerMildly toxic to pets
OxycardiumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Oxydendrum arboreumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; regular watering in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Pachycereus schottiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pachyphytum bracteosumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Pachyphytum compactumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is bone dry, about every 2 weeks in growth and rarely in winterPet-safe
Pachyphytum glutinicauleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Pachyphytum hookeriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Pachyphytum werdermanniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is bone dry, roughly every 2 weeks in growth, rarely in winterPet-safe
Pachyveria 'Clavifolia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Pachyveria 'Exotica'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Pachyveria 'Powder Puff'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Pachyveria 'Powder Puff'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Pacific DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular deep watering, especially in summer; do not let the root zone dry outPet-safe
Pacific Maid Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Pacific Silver FirBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during establishment; relies on natural rainfall when maturePet-safe
Pacific YewLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Pacifica VincaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days outdoors in summer heat; allow topsoil to partially dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Padang Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in growth; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Paddle Plant (Flapjacks)Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Paeonia lactiflora 'Bowl of Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply about once a week through spring and early summer; taper off after dormancyToxic to pets
Paeonia lactiflora 'Festiva Maxima'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply about once a week during the growing season; less once dormantToxic to pets
Paeonia lactiflora 'Karl Rosenfield'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply about once a week during active growth; reduce after dormancyToxic to pets
Paeonia mlokosewitschiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply about once a week in the growing season; minimal once dormantToxic to pets
Pagoda DogwoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply weekly in the first two seasons and during droughtsPet-safe
Pagoda Fawn LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during spring growing season; reduce significantly after dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Painted Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
Painted CaladiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days during active growthToxic to pets
Painted ColumneaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Painted DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; reduce after flowering and in winterMildly toxic to pets
Painted DumbcaneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3–4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–14 daysToxic to pets
Painted EcheveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Painted Fern 'Burgundy Lace'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Painted Fern 'Pewter Lace'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, often every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Painted Lady GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during autumn–spring growing season; completely dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Painted Lady sweet peaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days; daily in hot weatherToxic to pets
Painted MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when medium is nearly dry, roughly every 1-2 days in active growthPet-safe
Painted TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist throughout the growing season; never allow soil to dry out.Mildly toxic to pets
Palace Purple coral bellsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Pale BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Pale CoryphanthaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterPet-safe
Pale Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil permanently wet; refill the standing tray as it driesPet-safe
Pale Purple ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry; weekly while establishing, then rarelyPet-safe
Pale Purple ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry; highly drought-tolerant once established after the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Pale Silver Skin PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in late summer through autumn (active growth into flowering); water sparingly in spring; completely withheld mid-summerPet-safe
Pale VygieDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks established; more frequent in first seasonPet-safe
Pale Yellow FritillaryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during active growth; reduce once foliage dies back in early summerToxic to pets
Pale Yellow TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist through spring; reduce during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pale-Leaved SunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established, then every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Pale-Spike LobeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; keep moist but tolerates brief dry spellsToxic to pets
Palibin Dwarf Korean LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during dry spells; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Palinha's Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
palm sedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist; water whenever the top 2 cm of soil driesPet-safe
Palm sedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 1–2 cm of soil dries outPet-safe
Palmate BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 6–8 days in growing season; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Palmer's Indian MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; deep, infrequent irrigation once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Palmetto SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Palo Alto SweetgumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular in first 2–3 years; moderate once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Palo SantoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pampas GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; thereafter only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Panama RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow topsoil to dry slightly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Panama Rose ShrubDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during dry seasons; minimal during wet seasonsMildly toxic to pets
Panda Face GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Panda PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Panicle Hydrangea 'Pinky Winky'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 3-5 days in summerToxic to pets
Panicle Hydrangea 'Pinky Winky'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-4 cm of soil is dry, regularly through summerToxic to pets
Panicle Hydrangea 'Vanilla Strawberry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 3-5 days in summerToxic to pets
Panicled Corn LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in autumn-to-spring growth; completely dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
PansyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice-weekly wateringPet-safe
Paper BirchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first 3 years; every 10–14 days once established, more in summer heatPet-safe
Paper Spine CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and roughly monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Paprika yarrowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when top 5–8 cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Parallel-Stripe PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Parker's jasmineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Parrot Feather BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep cup filled; medium watering every 2 weeksPet-safe
Parrot GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; reduce once foliage yellows; cease during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Parrot Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet, standing in 1-3 cm of water (tray method); it tolerates brief flooding wellPet-safe
Parrotia persicaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing in the first 2-3 years; rarely thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Parsley FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Maintain consistent moisture; never allow to dry out completelyMildly toxic to pets
Parsons JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply during the first season; afterward only in extended droughtToxic to pets
Parthenocissus henryanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep young plants moist; water established plants only in droughtToxic to pets
Parthenocissus quinquefoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water through the first one to two seasons, then only in droughtToxic to pets
Parthenocissus tricuspidataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water young plants in dry spells until established, then rarelyToxic to pets
Partridge PeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water during establishment then rely on rainfallMildly toxic to pets
PartridgeberryLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 1–2 cm begins to dryPet-safe
Passiflora 'Incense'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 3-5 days in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Passiflora alataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Passiflora caeruleaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Passiflora incarnataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Pat Austin RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season, increasing in hot, dry spellsPet-safe
Path RushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal supplemental watering needed once established; tolerates periodic flooding and dry spellsPet-safe
Pau's GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequently; relies on natural rainfall once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Paul's Glory HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Paul's Himalayan Musk RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep soak weekly through the first two growing seasons; established plants rarely need wateringPet-safe
Paulownia tomentosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing in the first two seasons, then rely largely on rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Pazazz Mix PortulacaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Peace RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 1-2 times per week, more in heatPet-safe
Peach-leaved Bellflower 'Chettle Charm'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once a week in dry weather; reduce in autumn and winterMildly toxic to pets
Peacock fernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep the substrate evenly moist at all times — never let it dry outPet-safe
Peacock MoraeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering autumn to late spring; completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Peacock PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; allow soil to dry thoroughly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Pearl HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, minimal in winterPet-safe
Pearl PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerPet-safe
Pearson's TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (autumn to early spring); once per month or less in summerToxic to pets
Pebbled Tiger JawsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14–21 days in the growing season and sparingly every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Peculiar CheiridopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn–spring; none in summerPet-safe
PedalaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water 3–4 times per week for young trees; established trees in ground need weekly deep irrigation supplemented by natural rainfall.Pet-safe
Pelargonium 'Ardens'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; minimal in summer restToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Distinction'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Dolly Varden'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Frank Headley'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Happy Thought'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Occold Lagoon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Paul Crampel'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Stellar Hannaford Star'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium carnosumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the gritty mix is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; sparingly in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Pelargonium gibbosumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; much less in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Pelargonium-Flowered Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow soil to dry out between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Pellionia daveauanaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Pelotazo MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–21 days in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Peltate-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days during the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Pemba PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–6 days in warm months; reduce to every 10–14 days in cooler periodsPet-safe
Pencil Cactus (Firestick)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Pencil PineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently moist; never let it dry out, watering deeply during any dry periodMildly toxic to pets
Pencil-leaf TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (autumn–spring); once per month in summerToxic to pets
Pencilled CranesbillMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Occasional watering during establishment; largely self-sufficient once establishedPet-safe
Penelope RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly through the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Penisetum massaicum Red Bunny TailsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about weekly; more often in pots and heatPet-safe
Pennsylvania SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water to establish, then largely self-sufficient; occasional deep watering in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Penny Yellow ViolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4–6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Penstemon 'Garnet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries, roughly weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Penstemon 'Husker Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only during prolonged drought; drought-tolerant once settledMildly toxic to pets
Penstemon 'Raven'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries, roughly weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Penstemon 'Sour Grapes'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries, about weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Penstemon 'Stapleford Gem'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly in summer, less in cool spellsMildly toxic to pets
Penstemon barbatus 'Rondo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then sparingly; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Penstemon heterophyllus 'Electric Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then minimally; highly drought-tolerant once settledMildly toxic to pets
PeonyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering once a week in dry spellsToxic to pets
Peony 'Sarah Bernhardt'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week during active growth and budding, more in drought; reduce after flowering and through dormancyToxic to pets
Peony LotusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Aquatic — permanently in still or gently circulating waterMildly toxic to pets
PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is almost fully dry, every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Napoli Nights'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Peppermill'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Rana Verde'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Watermelon' (Ginny hybrid)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia albovittataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia angulataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia argyreia 'Soccer Ball'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia arifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia asperulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia clusiifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia columellaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-21 days in growthPet-safe
Peperomia crassifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia deppeanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia dolabriformisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 14-21 daysPet-safe
Peperomia eckloniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia emarginellaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is just drying, about every 5-9 daysPet-safe
Peperomia graveolens 'Ruby Glow'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-18 daysPet-safe
Peperomia magnoliifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia magnoliifolia 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 8-13 daysPet-safe
Peperomia nitida 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia obtusifolia 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia PepperspotBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the pot is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia pereskiifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia RossoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is 50-75% dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia scandensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia serpensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia tetragonaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia tetraphyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia trifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia verticillataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Pepino DulceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water deeply every 2-4 days in summer, more in containersToxic to pets
PeregrinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Perennial CandytuftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Pereskia-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Perez de la Rosa's MammillariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Perez's Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when established; less in winterPet-safe
Perfoliate BellwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate in spring; established plants are drought-tolerant once dormant.Pet-safe
Perplexing Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the growing season; nearly dry from October to FebruaryPet-safe
Perplexing RebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn; once monthly or none in winterPet-safe
Persian BarrenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly for the first 1–2 seasons; established plants need watering only during extreme droughtMildly toxic to pets
Persian Carpet zinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; highly drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Persian CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; less in cooler seasonsPet-safe
Persian Jewels love-in-a-mistDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)WeeklyMildly toxic to pets
Persian LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during active spring growth; completely dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Persian RosulariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Persicaria amplexicaulis 'Alba'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water every 3-5 days in dry spells, especially in sunMildly toxic to pets
Persicaria amplexicaulis 'Blackfield'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days during dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Persicaria amplexicaulis 'Firetail'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water whenever the surface starts to dry, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Persicaria bistorta 'Superba'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water every 3-5 days in dry conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Peruvian Apple CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Peruvian bougainvilleaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in active growth; every 3–4 weeks when dry-stressed to trigger bloomingMildly toxic to pets
Peruvian CannaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 4-6 days in summerPet-safe
Peruvian Old Man CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Peruvian OroyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Peruvian zinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly; allow the top 3 cm of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Petiole SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Wet tray (October–March in Australia / spring–autumn in cultivation); reduced watering (cooler months)Pet-safe
Petra CrotonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Petunia 'Supertunia Royal Velvet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, frequently daily for containers in summerPet-safe
Petunia 'Supertunia Vista Bubblegum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, often daily for containers in summer heatPet-safe
Petunia axillarisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry; avoid both drought and waterloggingPet-safe
Peve Minaret Bald CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; water every 5-7 days in dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
PeyoteDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly: only when soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, none in winterToxic to pets
Peyote-Like TurbinicarpusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Pflanz's Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn; almost none in winterPet-safe
Pflanz's Chin CactusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; reduce to once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Pheasant Tail GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; drought-tolerant thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Pheasant's Tail GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Phegopteris connectilisLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 1-2 cm begins to dry, roughly every 4-6 days in growthPet-safe
Phegopteris hexagonopteraLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep consistently moist; water when the surface starts to dry, about every 4-6 days during growthPet-safe
Philadelphus 'Snowbelle'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Philadelphus 'Virginal'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then occasional deep wateringMildly toxic to pets
Philadelphus microphyllusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasional deep soak once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Philippe Vapelle CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water during extended dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Philippine Wax FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Philodendron 'Florida Green'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly in spring/summer, every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Philodendron AndreanumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm (1 in) of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Philodendron atabapoenseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Philodendron BillietiaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-14 days in the growing season; roughly every 2-3 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Philodendron DomesticumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Philodendron MartianumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is nearly dry, about every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Philodendron MoonshineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 daysToxic to pets
Philodendron Painted Lady × erubescensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 daysToxic to pets
Philodendron paraiso verdeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Philodendron scandensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Philodendron Selloum (Tree Philodendron)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3cm of compost feels dry, roughly weekly in summerToxic to pets
Philodendron SquamiferumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2.5-5 cm (1-2 in) of soil dries out, roughly weekly in summer and every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Philodendron Tortum (Fernleaf)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm (1-2 inches) of mix are dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Phlomis-Like SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Phlox drummondii 'Intensia Cabernet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Phlox maculata 'Alpha'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly in dry spells, more in heatPet-safe
Phlox of Sheep Annual PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Phlox paniculata 'Starfire'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply about weekly, more in heat and droughtPet-safe
Phlox subulata 'Emerald Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Phoenicean JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly when young; essentially rainfall-dependent once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Phoenix MossMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged aquatic plantPet-safe
Phragmipedium caudatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium constantly moist, watering every 2-4 days as neededMildly toxic to pets
Phragmipedium Eric YoungBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist at all times; water every 2-4 days or stand the pot in 1-2 cm of waterPet-safe
Phragmites australisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet to shallowly flooded year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Physocarpus opulifolius 'Center Glow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly during the first year; established plants are drought-tolerant and need water only in extended dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Physocarpus opulifolius 'Coppertina'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 1-2 weeks in dry spells once matureMildly toxic to pets
Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diabolo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 1-2 weeks in dry spells once matureMildly toxic to pets
Physocarpus opulifolius 'Little Devil'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 1-2 weeks in dry spells once matureMildly toxic to pets
Physocarpus opulifolius 'Summer Wine'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; every 1-2 weeks in dry spells once matureMildly toxic to pets
Piaranthus geminatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Piaranthus punctatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pickle PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks; reduce to monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Pieris japonica CavatineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 3-4 cm is dry, about weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Pieris japonica Valley RoseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 3-4 cm is dry, roughly weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Pierre's StephaniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in active growth; none in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Pig's EarBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is almost completely dry, roughly every 14 days in summerToxic to pets
Pilea cadierei 'Minima'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Pilea pubescensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Pilea pumilaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; check every 2-4 daysPet-safe
Pilea serpyllaceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface just begins to dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Pillans' Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during late summer through early spring; fully dry in June–AugustPet-safe
Pillans' WatsoniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during spring and early summerMildly toxic to pets
PillwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanent shallow water or wet mud in winter; allow to dry to moist mud in summer to mimic seasonal fluctuationMildly toxic to pets
Pima Pineapple CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Pin OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering during establishment; tolerates periodic waterlogging and moist soils once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Pincushion CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; monthly or less in autumn; none in winterPet-safe
Pincushion flowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Pincushion FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly while establishing, then when the top few centimetres of soil are dryMildly toxic to pets
Pindo PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; deeply but infrequently once matureMildly toxic to pets
Pineapple BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 7–10 days in summer, every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Pineapple LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Pineapple Upsidedown Cake HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days during active growthToxic to pets
Pineapple-Head GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during the growing season; reduce in winter but do not allow complete drydown.Mildly toxic to pets
Pinecone CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is bone dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; once a month or less from October to FebruaryPet-safe
Pinel's AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (soil); replenish central cup every 2–4 weeksPet-safe
Pinel's AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill the central cup every 5-7 days; water the medium when the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Pineleaf PenstemonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; rarely in winterPet-safe
Pinemat manzanitaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; allow soil to dry between waterings once establishedPet-safe
Ping Pong Purple globe amaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow soil surface to dry slightlyPet-safe
Pinguicula lusitanicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet; stand in shallow water at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Pink ArisaemaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep moist through the growing season once growth appears, watering when the surface dries; reduce sharply as the leaf dies back to dormancy.Toxic to pets
Pink Bower VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink Butterflies KalanchoeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in summer; far less in winterToxic to pets
Pink Calla LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Frequently during active growth — keep soil consistently moist; reduce sharply after floweringToxic to pets
Pink Calla LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during active growth; water when the top 2 cm is dryToxic to pets
Pink Cascade TamariskDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Pink CoreopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate to high; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Pink DeutziaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during dry periods; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Pink DipladeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink Evening PrimroseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks once established; less in cool periodsMildly toxic to pets
Pink Fawn LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular watering in spring; minimal to none during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pink Fingers OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly during active growth (autumn to spring); cease almost entirely during summer dormancyPet-safe
Pink Flowering DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly deep watering; increase in summer heatPet-safe
Pink Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in spring and summer growing season; every 2–3 weeks in autumn; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink Knock Out RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)About 2.5 cm of water weekly, deep soakPet-safe
Pink KopsiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days; keep soil consistently moist but not waterloggedToxic to pets
Pink Lady flowering quinceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when establishing; fortnightly in dry weather once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Pink MandevillaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week in active growth, every 10-14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink Mountain HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — maintain consistent moistureMildly toxic to pets
Pink mountain heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist throughout the growing season; less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink Muhly GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days during the first growing season; minimal supplemental irrigation once establishedPet-safe
Pink Pampas GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; afterwards only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Pink Pampas GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the establishment year; established plants are largely self-sufficient on rainfall in temperate climatesMildly toxic to pets
Pink Panther episciaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow the top centimetre of soil to dry before watering — approximately every 5–7 days in the growing season.Pet-safe
Pink Panther RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; allow the medium to approach dryness but not fully dryPet-safe
Pink Penny CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water once or twice a week during dry periods; reduce in winterPet-safe
Pink Pewter Dead NettleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; increase in dry or sunny spellsPet-safe
Pink Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist to wet — sit in 2–5 cm of standing water during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Pink Porcelain LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week in summer; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink PussytoesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only when soil is completely dryPet-safe
Pink Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly; driest in winterPet-safe
Pink Rock OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the potting medium is nearly dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; reduce to every 14-21 days in winter to trigger bloomingPet-safe
Pink Skyrocket FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week during the growing season; reduce in autumn and winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Pink Spot BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–8 days, keeping soil evenly moist but not waterloggedToxic to pets
Pink Spur FlowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — water when top 3 cm of soil dries outMildly toxic to pets
Pink Storm LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in summer growth; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Pink SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method, continuously wetPet-safe
Pink Surprise calendulaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; reduce in cool, wet periodsPet-safe
Pink TritoniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; dry to minimal in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pink Trumpet VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7 days in summer; every 14–21 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink Variable Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — infrequent, allowing soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Pink Velvet BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Pink VygieDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink VygieDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 7-14 days in spring-summer; very sparingly in winter (once monthly or less)Pet-safe
Pinwheel FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice per week during active growth; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Piper's BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow near-drying between wateringsPet-safe
PipsissewaLow light (north window or shaded room)Sparingly — allow soil to dry almost completely between waterings; low water requirementMildly toxic to pets
Pires's SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; very sparingly during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pirri-Pirri BurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Pitaya AgriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pitcairnia-Leaved FasciculariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Pitcher SageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 weeks once established; deep water at plantingMildly toxic to pets
Pitton's HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
PJM rhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment and dry spells; every 2 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Plaid CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Plains CoreopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; once established, water only during prolonged droughtPet-safe
Plains Prickly PearDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in the growing season (spring–summer); withhold almost entirely in autumn and winterMildly toxic to pets
Plantain ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Plantain-leaved PussytoesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Plantain-Leaved SedgeLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist; do not allow to dry outPet-safe
Plastic Plant OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days in growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Playboy RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Pleasant Air PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Mist every 2–3 days in summer; once a week in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Pleasant Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn growth; none in summerPet-safe
Pleated SnowdropMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during active growth (late winter–spring); minimal in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Black Dragon'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Freckles'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Kong Rose'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Rainbow Festive Dance'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Wizard Scarlet'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Pleione bulbocodioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during active leaf growth; reduce sharply to nearly dry through winter dormancyPet-safe
Pleione formosanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly when in leaf and growth; reduce to occasional misting and near-dry during winter dormancyPet-safe
Pleione speciosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly while in leaf and growth; cut back to nearly dry during winter dormancyPet-safe
Pleiospilos compactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally: water in spring and autumn when soil is dry; keep nearly dry in mid-summer and winterPet-safe
Pleiospilos nelii 'Royal Flush'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; soak only when soil is fully dry and leaves slightly wrinkle, roughly every 3-4 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Pleurothallis grobyiLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep roots evenly moist; water every 2-3 days potted, or mist/water mounted plants dailyMildly toxic to pets
Pleurothallis restrepioidesLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist, watering roughly every 2-3 days; do not allow a hard dry-outMildly toxic to pets
Pleurothallis truncataLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water every 2-3 days potted or mist mounted plants dailyMildly toxic to pets
Ploughman's SpikenardDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water every 2–3 weeks in dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Plover EggsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (spring–autumn); once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Plum Pudding HeucheraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about weeklyPet-safe
Plumed cockscombDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Plumed PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; every 10–14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Plumose Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Plumose Soft Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep moist but well-drainedPet-safe
Podocarpus 'Maki'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Podophylla RodgersiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Poet's NarcissusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate to regular during growth; tolerates more moisture than most narcissi; drier in summerToxic to pets
Poet's NarcissusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly during active growth; allow to dry after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Pogge's CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly in winterToxic to pets
Pohl's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak for 20–30 minutes once per week, or mist thoroughly 2–3 times per week; reduce frequency in cool winter months.Pet-safe
Point Reyes bearberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; water weekly for the first 1–2 seasonsPet-safe
Pointed-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Pointed-Leaf Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Poisonous AdeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during summer growing season; completely withheld in winterToxic to pets
Poke MilkweedMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water during dry spells, especially in sunnier sitesToxic to pets
Poker alumrootBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days once established; more frequent when youngPet-safe
Polka dot begoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Polka Dot PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Polynesian DavalliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Polypodium cambricumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water during its winter growing season when the top few cm dry; keep drier in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Polypodium cambricum 'Cambricum'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water through its autumn-to-spring growing season when the top few cm dry; keep drier in summerMildly toxic to pets
Polypody FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of medium is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Polystichum aculeatumLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 5-7 days in dry spells once establishedPet-safe
Polystichum makinoiLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water every 5-7 days during dry weatherPet-safe
Polystichum neolobatumLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep consistently moist; water every 5-7 days in dry conditionsPet-safe
Polystichum setiferum 'Divisilobum'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water deeply during dry spells, roughly weekly in summerPet-safe
Polystichum setiferum 'Plumosum Densum'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water deeply during dry spells, roughly weekly in summerPet-safe
Pomegranate BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 2-5 days in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
PomeloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-10 daysToxic to pets
Pompon Dahlia 'Jowey Mirella'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times a week in summer once established; keep evenly moist while floweringToxic to pets
Pond AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; tolerates periodic floodingMildly toxic to pets
Pond CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; tolerates standing water and periodic floodingMildly toxic to pets
Pontederia cordataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in standing water year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Pontederia cordata 'Alba'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in standing water year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Pontederia cordata 'Pink Pons'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in standing water year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Pony Tails GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing, then minimalMildly toxic to pets
Ponytail palmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, every 2-3 weeksPet-safe
Poplar-Leaved Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — establishment watering then rain-fedMildly toxic to pets
Poppy AnemoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring, dry in summerToxic to pets
Porcupine GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first growing season; once established, every 2–3 weeks or during prolonged drought.Mildly toxic to pets
Port St. Johns CreeperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7 days during active growth; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Portuguese heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks in the first summer; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Portuguese SquillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately in spring; keep dry in summerToxic to pets
Portulaca grandiflora 'Sundial Mango'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry several centimetres down, roughly every 7-10 days; less in cool spellsToxic to pets
Portulaca oleracea 'Fairytales Cinderella'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil has dried several centimetres down, about every 7-10 days; more often only in extreme heatToxic to pets
Pothos N'JoyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Pothos-leaf LabisiaLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 1–2 cm of medium begins to dry; every 4–7 days depending on temperature and pot sizeMildly toxic to pets
Potomac Early snapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per weekMildly toxic to pets
Powder Puff CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in spring and summer; little to none in winterPet-safe
Powder Puff CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Powdery EcheveriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days; it is unusually drought-tolerantPet-safe
Powdery ThaliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanent standing water or saturated soil; 15–45 cm over crownMildly toxic to pets
PowWow Wild Berry coneflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks once established in dry spellsPet-safe
Prairie Azure SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly once establishedPet-safe
Prairie BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Prairie Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; weekly during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Prairie BluebellsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water sparingly once established; once per week during the flowering period, far less once the plant enters summer dormancy.Mildly toxic to pets
Prairie CoreopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Prairie DockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Prairie DropseedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly the first year to establish, then only in extended drought, roughly every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Prairie Fire Switch GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; thereafter only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Prairie GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Prairie GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only to establish; drought-tolerant once rootedPet-safe
Prairie Heart-Leaved AsterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — drought tolerantPet-safe
Prairie June GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; withhold water during summer dormancyPet-safe
Prairie MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; tolerates moist conditions better than most milkweedsToxic to pets
Prairie PenstemonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; weekly during establishmentPet-safe
Prairie RosinweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in extended drought; drought-tolerant once rootedMildly toxic to pets
Prairie Sky switch grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water deeply every 1-2 weeks while youngMildly toxic to pets
Prairie Sky SwitchgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during first season; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Prairie SmokeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in prolonged drought; drought-tolerant once rootedMildly toxic to pets
Prairie TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water regularly to keep soil evenly moist during spring growing season; reduce significantly once dormant in midsummerMildly toxic to pets
Prairie VioletBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fortnightly or less once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Pretty CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — rainfall-dependent during active growth; fully dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pretty FaceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry completely between waterings, roughly every 14-21 days during active growthPet-safe
Pretty Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the old leaf pair is fully shrivelled (during active growth, roughly every 2-3 weeks); no water during leaf renewalPet-safe
Pretty Peacock GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during the growing season (spring to autumn); minimal to none in winterPet-safe
Pretty PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Prickly CrossandraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Prickly CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Prickly heathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep evenly moistToxic to pets
Prickly Heath Bell's SeedlingBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during the growing season; keep soil moistMildly toxic to pets
Prickly Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summer; once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Prickly JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water fortnightly when young; minimal irrigation once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Prickly Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Prickly ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; minimal watering in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pride of Rochester DeutziaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during dry spells; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Prima Donna Magic FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days during active growth; withhold entirely during dormancyPet-safe
Primos' VanheerdeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during autumn to spring when the soil is completely dry; no water in summerMildly toxic to pets
PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly wateringPet-safe
Primrose HuerniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Primrose-Flower BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost begins to dry, roughly every 5-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Primrose-leaf StreptocarpusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 5–8 days in the growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Primula × polyanthaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysToxic to pets
Primula farinosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in growth; water whenever the surface driesToxic to pets
Primula japonicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep wet at all times; never let the soil dry outToxic to pets
Primulina 'Loki'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Prince Albert's YewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply during dry spells and avoid letting the rootball dry outMildly toxic to pets
Prince MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily to every 2 days; medium should remain evenly moist at all timesPet-safe
Prince of Wales JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing, then minimalMildly toxic to pets
Prince's featherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Princess Alexandra of Kent RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in growth; more in heat or containersPet-safe
Prism-fruit ProsthecheaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the bark dries, roughly every 7-10 days in growth; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Profusion orange zinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days once established; more frequently in pots or extreme heatPet-safe
Profusion White ZinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 days in summerPet-safe
Prosperity RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Prostrate Blue Noble FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young, drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Prostrate SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Prunus 'Accolade'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply weekly for the first two seasons; established trees rely on rainfallToxic to pets
Prunus 'Kanzan'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply weekly for the first two seasons; established trees rely on rainfallToxic to pets
Prunus 'Spire'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly for the first 2-3 years; established trees need water only in prolonged dry spellsToxic to pets
Prunus maackiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees deeply every 7-14 days in dry weather for the first two seasons; established trees are fairly drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Prunus padusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly while establishing; mature trees rarely need irrigation except in extended droughtToxic to pets
Prunus serrulaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist in the first 2-3 years; established trees need watering only in prolonged summer droughtToxic to pets
Prunus subhirtella 'Autumnalis'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly during establishment; mature trees need watering only in prolonged summer droughtToxic to pets
Przewalski's Leopard PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days in the growing season; soil should remain evenly moist to slightly wetMildly toxic to pets
Przewalskii LigulariaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep constantly moist; water deeply 2-3 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Pseudolarix amabilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing; mature trees mostly rainfall-dependent but watered in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Pseudolithos cubiformisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Very sparingly; only when fully dry and the body begins to soften, roughly every 2-3 weeks in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
Pseudolithos migiurtinusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Very sparingly; only when fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
Puebla Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20–30 minutes once a week; mist 2–3 times weekly in dry conditionsPet-safe
PulasanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering every 3-7 days; keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
PulasanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days for young trees; every 7–10 days for established trees during dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Pumila Dwarf Pampas GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; afterwards only in droughtPet-safe
Pumila Norway SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing; deep soak when the top 5 cm of soil driesPet-safe
Pumila Pampas GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once per week during the first growing season; established plants can survive on rainfall in most temperate climatesMildly toxic to pets
Punting-Pole BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice per week during growing season; less frequent in winterPet-safe
Purging JatrophaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in the growing season; none to once a month in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Purity cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; highly drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Purple Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20–30 minutes once a week; mist sparingly 1–2 times weeklyPet-safe
Purple BergeniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7-14 days; relatively drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Purple BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully aquatic — kept submerged or floating in distilled, rainwater, or very low-mineral water at all timesPet-safe
Purple BugleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; consistent moisture preferredMildly toxic to pets
Purple Cliff BrakeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Purple Cliff Brake FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is nearly dry throughout, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Purple ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; about weekly while establishing, then only in droughtPet-safe
Purple CyclamenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low in summer, moderate during active growth (late summer to spring)Toxic to pets
Purple Dragon Dead NettleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; water more frequently in hot, dry periodsPet-safe
Purple FingersDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn through early spring; none in summerPet-safe
Purple Giant HyssopBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; tolerates periodic wet spellsPet-safe
Purple Glory TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly in spring and summer to keep soil consistently moist; reduce in cooler months.Mildly toxic to pets
Purple HeartBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top inch of soil dries out, roughly weekly in summer and every 2 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Purple HeartDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Purple Heartleaf BergeniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days during active growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Purple Japanese BarberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Purple Jerusalem SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — once every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Purple Love GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; more frequent during the first growing seasonPet-safe
Purple MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water during dry periods, especially while establishingToxic to pets
Purple Moor GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; do not allow to dry out completelyPet-safe
Purple Mountain HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — keep consistently moist but never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Purple mountain heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly; maintain consistent moisture throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Purple Mountain SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during the growing season; maintain slight moisture at all timesPet-safe
Purple MulleinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during active growth and dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Purple NeedlegrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low; summer-dry, winter-wet cyclePet-safe
Purple PaintbrushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; dry to very dry conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Purple Passion PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7 days in spring/summer; every 10–14 days in autumn/winterPet-safe
Purple Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist by standing the pot in a tray of rainwater or distilled water at all timesPet-safe
Purple Poppy MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; deeply drought-tolerantPet-safe
Purple Prairie CloverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish; thereafter drought-tolerant, rarely needs wateringMildly toxic to pets
Purple Prickly PearDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and almost never in winterPet-safe
Purple Queen bougainvilleaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in active growth; withhold to 3–4 week intervals to trigger bloomingMildly toxic to pets
Purple RoscoeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during the growing season, roughly every 10-14 days; minimal to none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Purple Rose TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks in autumn and winter (active growing season); reduce to monthly or suspend in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Purple Royal FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Freely and consistently — never allow to dry outPet-safe
Purple Royal FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; may need watering every 2-3 days in summer heatPet-safe
Purple SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water sparingly; allow soil to nearly dry between waterings in summer.Pet-safe
Purple SeemanniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–5 days in growth; every 10–14 days in partial dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Purple Siberian MelicBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1–2 weeks during the growing seasonPet-safe
Purple StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in active growth; reduce slightly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Purple Sun African DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Purple toadflaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely needed once established; water young plants weekly until establishedMildly toxic to pets
Purple VygieDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks established; more in active growthPet-safe
Purple Waffle PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Purple WreathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days during the growing season; every 10–14 days in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Purple-Top GermanderBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly to fortnightly in summer; reduce in autumn and winterMildly toxic to pets
Purpurascens Flame GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to establish, then mostly rainfall except in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Purpus's DioonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks (growing season); monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Pusillus Miniature Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet; water whenever the surface starts to dry, every 2-4 days in potsMildly toxic to pets
Pussy Ears PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days; allow the top half of the soil to dry out between wateringsPet-safe
Pussy Ears PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Pygmy BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week in growing season, once per week in winterPet-safe
Pygmy CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, about every 7-10 days in growth; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Pygmy Date PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in growth; reduce in winterPet-safe
Pygmy Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pygmy Torch AmaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Pygmy Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic — crown submerged 10–25 cm (4–10 in) below water surfacePet-safe
Pygmy Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Aquatic — submerged in still water permanentlyToxic to pets
Pyracantha angustifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, often daily in summer and every few days in cooler weatherMildly toxic to pets
Pyramidal BugleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days; minimal irrigation once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Pyramidalis ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Two to three times weekly when establishing; weekly once rooted inMildly toxic to pets
Pyrenean Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 7-10 days in summer; minimal watering from autumn to springMildly toxic to pets
Pyrenean LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during active growth; reduce after floweringToxic to pets
Pyrenean MerenderaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; naturally dry in summerToxic to pets
Pyrenean RamondaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice a week in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Pyrenean Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water from below and keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pyrenean SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water sparingly; keep roots just moist in summer and very dry in winter.Pet-safe
Pyrenean Star of BethlehemBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate during growth; dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Pyrrosia hastataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is nearly dry throughout, roughly every 7-12 daysMildly toxic to pets
QIS Mix staticeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days when actively growing; reduce in cool or wet weatherPet-safe
Quaking GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Queen AnthuriumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the medium approaches dryness (often every 5-7 days in growth; every 2-3 weeks in winter)Toxic to pets
Queen Elizabeth RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly, when the top few centimetres of soil are dryPet-safe
Queen Mix Spider FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Queen of Hearts PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; every 14 days in winterToxic to pets
Queen of Night TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water at planting; rely on rainfall during growth; dry during dormancyToxic to pets
Queen of Sweden RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly through the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Queen of the AndesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Queen of the Night CereusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Queen of the PrairieBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Frequently — keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Queen Olga's SnowdropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Queen PineappleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Queensland KauriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Queeny Lime Orange zinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in warm weather; reduce in cool spellsPet-safe
Quehl's Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Quehlianum Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; none in winterPet-safe
Quercus coccineaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees deeply every 10-14 days in dry weather through the first two seasons; established trees are drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Quercus robur 'Fastigiata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees deeply every 10-14 days in dry spells for the first two seasons; established oaks are very drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Quesnel's BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Top up tank every 5–7 days; soil every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Quila BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly to twice weekly during growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Rabiea albinotaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Racine's VrieseaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh cup every 7–10 days; medium every 2 weeksPet-safe
Radicalis PalmMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Ragged RobinBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)High; keep consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Rainbow Hedgehog CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Rainbow LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; do not allow to dry outToxic to pets
Rainbow PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rainer's BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderately during growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Rainforest PlumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water 2–3 times per week in the growing season; once every 7–10 days in cooler months.Pet-safe
Rambling SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method during winter growing season (June–November); completely dry summer dormancy (December–May in the southern hemisphere)Mildly toxic to pets
RambutanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering every 3-7 days; keep soil evenly moist year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Rangoon CreeperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during active growth — roughly every 3–5 days; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Ranunculus aquatilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Submerged with floating leaves; grow in 0.1-1 m of clear waterToxic to pets
Ranunculus asiaticusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist during growth and bloom; reduce sharply as foliage yellows and the plant enters dormancyToxic to pets
Ranunculus asiaticus 'Cloni Success Arancio'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist but never waterlogged during active growth; reduce sharply as foliage yellows after floweringToxic to pets
Ranunculus asiaticus 'Elegance Bianco'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist during growth and flowering; cut back watering as foliage yellows at the end of the seasonToxic to pets
Ranunculus asiaticus 'Mache'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Maintain even soil moisture during growth and flowering; taper off as the foliage yellows toward dormancyToxic to pets
Raspberry Splash PulmonariaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 4-6 days in dry conditions, more in potsMildly toxic to pets
Rat Tail CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in spring and summer; reduce to every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rattlesnake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — consistently moist but never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Rattlesnake MasterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then rarely; highly drought-tolerant once rootedMildly toxic to pets
Rattlesnake plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is just dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Rattlesnake PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in spring/summer; every 10–14 days in autumn/winterPet-safe
Rauwolff's EminiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during spring growing season; bone dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Raven ZZ PlantLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; every 4–6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Ravenea GlaucaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Ravenna GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing in year one, then only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Rayed BroomDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Rebutia krainzianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Rechinger's RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in the growing season; very rarely in winterPet-safe
Recurved LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; maintain consistently moist soil throughout the growing seasonToxic to pets
Red AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, every 1-2 weeks in warm growthToxic to pets
Red amaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Red Angel's TrumpetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days (keep evenly moist; allow top 2 cm to dry)Toxic to pets
Red Arrow Arrowhead VineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Red BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 2-4 days in active growthPet-safe
Red BaneberryMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season; weekly when dormantToxic to pets
Red BarrenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; established plants need watering only during extended summer droughtMildly toxic to pets
Red Beauty Japanese Painted FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season, reduce in winterPet-safe
Red CampionMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep moistMildly toxic to pets
Red ClockvineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days during active growth; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Red Dragon Venus FlytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in standing water year-round except dormancyPet-safe
Red escalloniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Red Feather CloverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Red FescueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Infrequent — drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Red FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular moisture; does not tolerate summer drought wellPet-safe
Red GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days in the growing season; reduce in cooler monthsPet-safe
Red Groove PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
red head fountain grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; reduce in autumn; minimal in winterPet-safe
Red Horned PoppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; only during prolonged droughtToxic to pets
Red Hot PokerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Red Inca PassionflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days; keep consistently moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Red IochromaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth, every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Red larkspurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — water once or twice weekly during spring growth; allow to dry out in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Red Latan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; allow soil to partially dry between wateringsPet-safe
Red Latan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Red Margin BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week during establishment; weekly once maturePet-safe
Red MombinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–21 days; drought-tolerant when establishedPet-safe
Red morning gloryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week; drought-tolerant when establishedToxic to pets
Red Nerve PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Red Osier DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Red PagodaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Red PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil dry; allow slight drying between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Red Polka Dot PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; slightly less in winterPet-safe
Red Prince WeigelaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Red Ray SwitchgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks when establishedPet-safe
Red Riding Hood MandevillaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 days in summer when actively blooming, reduce to every 10-14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Red Rooster SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water once or twice weekly in heat, less in cool weatherMildly toxic to pets
Red Sentinel AstilbeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in summer, more in heat or containersPet-safe
Red Sheep LaurelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; keep moistToxic to pets
Red Silk Cotton TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; every 3–5 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Red Spider LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; let the bulb go bone-dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Red SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in dry periods; naturally receives adequate moisture in humid northeastern climatesPet-safe
Red Star ClusterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow top 2–3 cm of soil to dryPet-safe
Red Stem Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; every 14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Red Stem PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Red Torch CleistocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Red Tower GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 5-7 days in the growing season; every 10-14 days in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Red TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during spring; reduce as plant goes dormant in midsummerMildly toxic to pets
Red Tube PitcherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep growing medium permanently moist using a tray of 2-4 cm of rainwater at all times during the growing seasonPet-safe
Red Twig Dogwood 'Arctic Fire'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; tolerates wet soilPet-safe
Red ValerianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant; water only to establish and in extended dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Red VygieDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks established; more frequent in first seasonPet-safe
Red VygieDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 7-14 days in spring-summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Red-bristled Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; roots must not dry outPet-safe
Red-fingered VrieseaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill cup every 7 days; flush every 3–4 weeksPet-safe
Red-fleshed DurianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily watering in dry periods; 3–4 times per week when humidity is highPet-safe
Red-Leaved Spiral GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water when the top 1–2 cm of soil begins to feel dry.Mildly toxic to pets
Red-petal LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting or watering every 1-2 days; never allow to dryPet-safe
Red-stemmed Sensitive FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil continuously moist to wet; water every 2–3 days or more in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Red-Topped SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3 cm of soil feels dryPet-safe
red-twig dogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; tolerates both wet and dry once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Reddish PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days (allow soil to dry out fully)Pet-safe
Redvein enkianthusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce to every 2–3 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Redvein Enkianthus Red BellsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Reed Sweet-grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently wet; grows in standing water 15–45 cm deepPet-safe
Reed SweetgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Shallow to moderate aquatic; submerged 0–30 cm; tolerates winter floodingMildly toxic to pets
Regal Staghorn FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the shield fronds feel dry to the touch or the mounted board is very light, soak every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Regel's NidulariumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly cup refill; medium barely moistPet-safe
Regel's SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch) per weekPet-safe
Reichenbach's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20–30 minutes once a week; mist 2–3 times weeklyPet-safe
Reichenbach's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in warm weather; every 2–3 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Reinwardtii HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Reko's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Related ColumneaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When top 2–3 cm of mix driesPet-safe
Renny Miniature RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerPet-safe
Repandens YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Restrepia antenniferaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water every 2-3 days so the medium never dries out fullyPet-safe
Restrepia elegansMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the medium consistently moist; water every 2-3 days, never allowing it to dry outPet-safe
Restrepia guttulataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water every 2-3 days, never letting the medium dry outPet-safe
Restrepo's ChiguaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; ensure consistent moisture without waterloggingToxic to pets
Resurrection fernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Mist or moisten every 2-4 days; let it dry betweenMildly toxic to pets
Resurrection FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Allow to dry slightly between waterings; roughly every 7-10 days, or mist daily when mountedPet-safe
Resurrection GesneriadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once a week in the growing season; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Resurrection Spike MossBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Can be kept moist year-round or allowed to dry fully and rehydrated on demandPet-safe
Reticulate PseuderanthemumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Revolute TromotricheDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in the growing season; minimal to none in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Revolution HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; deep watering 1-2 times weeklyToxic to pets
Rhaphidophora DecursivaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly weekly to fortnightly, when top 2-3 inches of soil are dryToxic to pets
Rheingold ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly while establishing; weekly thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Rhinephyllum broomiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only once the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep nearly dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Rhipsalis 'Cashero'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Rhododendron 'Blue Peter'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once or twice a week in dry weather; keep consistently moistToxic to pets
Rhododendron 'Catawbiense Boursault'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the rootball consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly in dry spellsToxic to pets
Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly during dry spellsToxic to pets
Rhododendron 'English Roseum'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once a week during the growing season; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Rhododendron 'Fastuosum Flore Pleno'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 7-14 days depending on conditionsToxic to pets
Rhododendron 'Nova Zembla'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once a week; more frequently during establishment and summer heatToxic to pets
Rhododendron 'Pink Pearl'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Rhododendron 'PJM'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly in dry spells, more in heatToxic to pets
Rhododendron 'Roseum Elegans'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once a week during dry spells; keep consistently moist especially in summerToxic to pets
Rhombus-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Ribbed Brain CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing season; reduce to once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Ribbon BushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growth; reduce to every 14 days in winter restPet-safe
Ribbon GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Adaptable; keep moist for best foliage but tolerates dry once establishedMildly toxic to pets
RiberryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days for mature plants in mild conditionsPet-safe
Ric Rac CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-4 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
rice cutgrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Constantly moist to permanently flooded; thrives in standing water at or just above soil levelPet-safe
Richard's Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; adjust seasonallyPet-safe
Ridley's HohenbergiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tank weekly; soil every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Ridley's Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rigid Buckler FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days during the growing season; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Rigid DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during growth; almost none in winterPet-safe
Rigid GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
RimuBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rincon ThelocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; rarely in winter.Pet-safe
Ring FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry — more drought-tolerant than most ferns once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Ringed SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Rio JaboticabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 days when young; deeply once or twice per week when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Rise 'n' Shine Miniature RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, around every 2-4 days in summerPet-safe
Ritchie's MonadeniumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
river clog plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 6–9 days in spring–summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
River Water CrowfootDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged in flowing or moderately moving water 15–60 cm deepToxic to pets
River Water FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; check every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rivieri Voodoo LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during active leaf growth, watering when the top 2-3 cm of soil dries; stop almost entirely once the leaf yellows and dies back.Toxic to pets
Robert Chapman heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering for the first season; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Robert Young BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week when establishing; weekly once establishedPet-safe
Robin Hill serviceberryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly while establishing, then rely on rainfallToxic to pets
Roborowsky's SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Rochford Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Rochford's Holly FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Rochford's Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days; less in winterPet-safe
Rock BananaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Rock CandytuftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Rock CressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only when soil has dried out, roughly every 10–14 days in summerPet-safe
Rock DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; moderate during active growth, completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately in spring and summer; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Rock LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks in summer (near-dry dormancy), every 2–3 weeks in winter (active season)Pet-safe
Rock PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rock PolypodyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate — allow to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Rock SpeedwellBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once every 7–10 days during the growing season; reduce markedly in winter.Pet-safe
Rocket candytuftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; keep moist during establishment, reduce once rootedPet-safe
Rocket Mix SnapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 daysPet-safe
Rocket Mixed snapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; maintain consistent soil moisturePet-safe
Rocky Mountain Bee PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rocky Mountain Bristlecone PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering every 2-3 weeks once established; let dry betweenMildly toxic to pets
Rocky Mountain Douglas FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Rocky Mountain JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rocky Mountain penstemonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days once established; very drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Rocky Mountain PenstemonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-21 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Rocky Mountain WoodsiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2–3 cm of medium feel dryPet-safe
Rodgersia PinnataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Rodigas' VrieseaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill the central cup every 5-7 days; water the potting medium when the top 2 cm is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Rodriguezia lanceolataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water as roots approach dryness, roughly every 2-4 days on a mount, less in potsMildly toxic to pets
Rodriguezia secundaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days when mounted; every 4-6 days in a small basket, keeping it lightly moistMildly toxic to pets
Roesl's UncarinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in active growth; none or minimal October–MarchMildly toxic to pets
Rolfe's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days in summer; every 2–3 days in winterPet-safe
Roller JovibarbaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Rollers HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in spring and summer; barely at all in winterPet-safe
Rolling HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — extremely drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Rooper's Red Hot PokerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Roosevelt FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days in the growing season, less in winterPet-safe
RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering once a week, more in heatPet-safe
Rose AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering every 5-7 days in growth; more often in fruiting and heatMildly toxic to pets
Rose campionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Rose GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; almost dry in winter dormancyPet-safe
Rose of SharonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry spells; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Rose of Sharon 'Blue Bird'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then during dry or hot spellsPet-safe
Rose of Sharon 'Diana'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to establish, then during dry and hot periodsPet-safe
Rose Pincushion CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in spring and summer; little to none in winterPet-safe
Rose Pincushion CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rose Queen BarrenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water weekly until established; thereafter drought-tolerant, needing only occasional watering during prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Rose Queen EpimediumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Rose Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow partial soil drying between waterings; dry-wet trigger cycle stimulates bloomingToxic to pets
Rosebay RhododendronMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerToxic to pets
Rosebay WillowherbDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal once established; tolerates both dry and wet soilsPet-safe
Rosemary BarberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry; established plants are drought-tolerant and may need watering only in prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Rosemary-Leaved Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only during establishmentMildly toxic to pets
Roseraie de l'Hay RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; drought-tolerant once settledPet-safe
Rosette PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Rosette Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the growing season; reduce significantly in winterMildly toxic to pets
RosinweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Rossica Major rowanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during establishment; self-sufficient once matureMildly toxic to pets
Rosy GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Rosy-Leaf SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice weekly in summer; weekly or less in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Roth's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times a week; soak 10–20 minutes weekly if conditions are dryPet-safe
Rothschild's CirrhopetalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days during the growing season; every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Rotstrahlbusch Switch GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly the first season; once established, only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Rough Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only during extended droughtPet-safe
Rough ChervilMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — rainfall-dependentToxic to pets
Rough CoelogyneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days in active growth; reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Rough ColumneaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Rough ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Rough Hawk's-beardDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant, especially in the rosette yearPet-safe
Rough HawkbitDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — requires water only during prolonged summer droughtPet-safe
Rough PellioniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Rough SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Rough Tree FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in the growing season, every 7-10 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Rough-leaved Cape MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3–4 cm of soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Round-Leaf CalatheaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Round-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days (allow top 2–3 cm to dry)Pet-safe
Round-leaf RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during spring and summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Round-leaved SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growthPet-safe
Round-leaved WintergreenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water whenever the top 1–2 cm of soil begins to dryMildly toxic to pets
Round-lobed HepaticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; minimal in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Rounded SweetgumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; less once matureMildly toxic to pets
Roundhead Prairie CloverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once established, water deeply every 2–3 weeks in summer; no supplemental water needed once the taproot is maturePet-safe
Roundleaf SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep saturated; stand in 1-3 cm of pure water through the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Rowallane quinceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when establishing; every 2–3 weeks during dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Rowlee's PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days in summer; every 2–4 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Roxburgh's TyphoniumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry during active growth; dry dormancy over winterToxic to pets
Royal AzaleaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in the growing season; reduce after leaf dropToxic to pets
Royal Blue AubrietaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in spring and autumn; infrequently in summerPet-safe
Royal FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil constantly moist; water whenever the surface starts to dry, often 2-3 times a week in growthMildly toxic to pets
Royal Purple LilyturfMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Royal Star MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while young; in summer droughts for established shrubsPet-safe
Royal Trumpet VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly in summer; weekly in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Rubenza cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Rubrum EpimediumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Ruby Cascade PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly every 10-14 days; let the top 2-3 cm dry out firstPet-safe
Ruby Glow PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in spring/summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Ruby Glow PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Ruby NecklaceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly every 1-3 weeks; let the soil dry out completely between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Ruby Ribbons Switch GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; afterwards only in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Autumn Colors'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Becky Mixed'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days once established; keep containers evenly moistPet-safe
Rudbeckia 'Cherry Brandy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Denver Daisy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Goldsturm'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly in summer, more in prolonged heatMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Goldsturm'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Rudbeckia 'Henry Eilers'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Indian Summer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Little Henry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Pot of Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Rudbeckia 'Prairie Sun'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Rudbeckia 'Sahara'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia 'Toto Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in containersMildly toxic to pets
Rudbeckia maximaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly until establishedMildly toxic to pets
Ruedebusch's SchwantesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the autumn-winter growing season; taper in spring; almost none from late spring through summerMildly toxic to pets
Ruellia BrittonianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-10 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Rufa Fountain BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during the growing season, approximately every 5–7 days; keep soil consistently moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Ruffled EcheveriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil dries fully, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Rugosa RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)weekly when establishing, monthly once establishedPet-safe
Running Tapestry FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; more during summer droughtPet-safe
Running Tapestry TiarellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply once or twice weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Rusch's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the active autumn-to-spring period; completely dry in summerPet-safe
Ruschia lineolataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil has fully dried, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Ruschia uncinataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Russell Lupin 'Band of Nobles'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Russian ArborvitaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water weekly until established; drought-tolerant once matureMildly toxic to pets
Russian OliveDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; highly drought-tolerantPet-safe
Rustica Rubra magnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly when young; moderate once establishedPet-safe
Rusty FoxgloveDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm of soil are dry; established plants are fairly drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Rusty PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; every 2–3 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Rustyback FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Infrequently; allow to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Rutenberg's PachypodiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in summer; once monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Ryegrass Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times per week or soak for 20 minutes weeklyPet-safe
Rzedowski's DioonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterToxic to pets
Sabal BermudanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedPet-safe
Sabal MexicanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedPet-safe
Sabin's StrobilanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times weekly in summer; reduce to once weekly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sabre-Leaved Hottentot FigDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)very low — water only when soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
SacahuistaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sacchariflorus Silver GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; tolerates moist to wet soils thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Sacred BuddhistDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days in summer (or as soon as the soil surface begins to dry); less frequently in winterToxic to pets
Sad BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh central cup every 5–7 days; soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Saddle Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium evenly moist; water every 2–3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Saffron PepperBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–8 days; allow top 2–3 cm of soil to dryMildly toxic to pets
Sagae HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Sage-Leaved Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply but infrequently once established; every 2–3 weeks in the first two summers, then rainfall alone suffices in most UK/mild US climates.Mildly toxic to pets
Sagittaria latifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in shallow standing water year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Sagittaria sagittifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in shallow standing water year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Sagittaria subulataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; maintain water level and do 25-30% partial water changes weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Sago palmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Sago Palm 'Aurea'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the pot is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Saguaro CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sahuc's Sun Rose HybridDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Sakhalin FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water regularly during establishmentPet-safe
SalakBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 2-4 days in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
SalalLow light (north window or shaded room)Moderate; established plants are drought-tolerant but prefer moist conditionsPet-safe
Sally Holmes RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Sally-My-HandsomeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in the growing season; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Salmon Queen scabiosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce in cool spellsPet-safe
Salvia 'Hot Lips'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; weekly while establishing, then infrequentlyPet-safe
Salvia 'May Night'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly, less once establishedPet-safe
Salvia × sylvestris 'Blauhügel'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days once establishedPet-safe
Salvia farinacea 'Evolution Violet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days once establishedPet-safe
Salvia farinacea 'Strata'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days once establishedPet-safe
Salvia nemorosa 'Ostfriesland'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 days once establishedPet-safe
Salvia splendens 'Sizzler Burgundy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Salvia splendens 'Vista Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summer heatPet-safe
Salvia verticillata 'Purple Rain'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 days once establishedPet-safe
Salvia yangiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Samaipatensis CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; sparing in winterPet-safe
San Diego Red BougainvilleaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days when established; more frequently for container plants in hot weatherMildly toxic to pets
San Diego SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
San Gabriel Mountains LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks autumn through spring; none or minimal in summerPet-safe
San Jose Hesper PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during growth; monthly or less when establishedPet-safe
San Jose Hesper PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-7 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Sand BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal — seasonal rainfall only in most settingsPet-safe
Sand Couch GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely — established plants rely on rainfall and groundwaterPet-safe
Sand CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; keep dry in summerToxic to pets
Sand Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Sand EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sand LovegrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-6 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Sand PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Sand PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only when soil is completely dry, roughly every 2–3 weeks in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sand ReedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely — depends on deep soil moisture in sandPet-safe
Sand RoseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10–14 days in summer and every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sand SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent — drought-adaptedPet-safe
Sander's MaxillariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–6 days year-round; never allow to fully dry outPet-safe
Sander's VandaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in warmth; every 2-3 days when cool and dimPet-safe
Sanders Blue SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water deeply weekly while establishing, then during dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Sandpaper verbenaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days once established; more frequently in extreme heatMildly toxic to pets
Sandstone CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in active growth; monthly in winterToxic to pets
Sandy SulcorebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; very sparingly or not at all in winterPet-safe
Sanguine ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during first season; every 3–4 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Sanguisorba 'Tanna'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist but not waterlogged; water every 4-7 days in dry weatherPet-safe
Sanguisorba canadensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water 2-3 times weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Sanguisorba menziesiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water every 3-5 days in dry spellsPet-safe
Sanguisorba obtusaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply once or twice a week in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Sanguisorba officinalisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water every 4-7 days in dry spellsPet-safe
Sansevieria BallyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Bantel's SensationBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Black CoralLow light (north window or shaded room)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria CanaliculataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-4 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria ConcinnaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria EhrenbergiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Ehrenbergii SamuraiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria EilensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 3-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria FischeriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria ForskalianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-4 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria Futura SuperbaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria GracilisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria HahniiLow light (north window or shaded room)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria HargeisanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-4 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria HyacinthoidesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria IntermediaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria KirkiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria LaurentiiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks; less in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria LibericaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria LongifloraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Masoniana VariegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and every 4-6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria MoonshineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks; less in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria NiloticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria ParvaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Sansevieria PatensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria PearsoniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria PhillipsiaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, about every 3 weeks in summer and every 4-6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria PinguiculaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria PowelliiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and every 4-6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria RaffilliiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria RobustaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria SenegambicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria SingularisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and every 4-6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria StarfishBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria StuckyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria SubspicataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Black GoldMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata CleopatraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata CraigiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Futura RobustaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Gold FlameBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Golden HahniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Jade MarginataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Laurentii SuperbaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Night OwlMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata RobustaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-4 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata SensationMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Silver HahniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata SuperbaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata TwistMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata WhitneyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Santa Barbara CeanothusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the first growing season; established plants are very drought-tolerant and need watering only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Santa Rita Prickly PearDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; once every 4-6 weeks in autumn; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Santa Rita Prickly PearDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when soil is fully dry, about every 3-4 weeks in summer; nearly none in winterPet-safe
SantolDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week when establishing; established trees tolerate short dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Sanvitalia procumbens 'Mandarin Orange'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summer containersPet-safe
Sanvitalia procumbens 'Sunvy Yellow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summer containersPet-safe
Saphyr Rouge FirethornDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
SapodillaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Sapphire Blue Oat GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing, then occasionallyMildly toxic to pets
Sapphire TowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)every 7–10 days in the growing season, every 21–28 days in winterPet-safe
Sarcochilus ceciliaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 2-4 days in growth, allowing the medium to approach dryness between wateringsPet-safe
Sarcochilus falcatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 2-3 days, keeping the roots moist but well airedPet-safe
Sarcochilus hartmanniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 2-4 days, keeping the medium damp but never waterloggedPet-safe
Sarcococca confusaLow light (north window or shaded room)Water regularly to establish; afterwards every 7-14 days during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Sarcococca HumilisLow light (north window or shaded room)Water regularly to establish; thereafter every 7-14 days in prolonged dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Sardinian Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; natural rainfall sufficient in most temperate climatesMildly toxic to pets
Sardinian Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall during spring; water only if conditions are exceptionally dryToxic to pets
Sargent Cherry BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summerToxic to pets
Sargent's quinceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when establishing; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Sarracenia 'Juthatip Soper'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet with the tray method, standing in 1-3 cm of water during the growing seasonPet-safe
Sarracenia × catesbaeiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep media constantly wet; stand the pot in 1-2 cm of water during the growing seasonPet-safe
Sarracenia × excellensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently moist; tray-water in 1-2 cm of pure water through the growing seasonPet-safe
Sarracenia flava var. ornataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly wet, standing in 1-3 cm of water through the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sarracenia leucophylla 'Tarnok'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly wet; stand in 1-2 cm of pure water during the growing seasonPet-safe
Sarracenia MinorDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand the pot in 1-3 cm of pure water during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sarracenia oreophilaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly wet; stand in 1-3 cm of water during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sarracenia purpurea subsp. venosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently moist to standing in 1-3 cm of water; never let the bog dry outMildly toxic to pets
Sarracenia RubraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the soil constantly wet; stand the pot in 1-3 cm of water during the growing seasonPet-safe
Sasanqua CamelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply once or twice weekly in the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Sasanqua Camellia 'Yuletide'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About weekly, more in summer heat; water when the top 3-5 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Satellit Bosnian PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
SatinleafDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days once established; drought-tolerant when matureMildly toxic to pets
Satomi DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; every 2 weeks once fully establishedMildly toxic to pets
Satsuki AzaleaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist — water when the surface just begins to dry, often daily in heatToxic to pets
Saucer MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then during dry spellsPet-safe
Saucer MagnoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days once mature in dry spellsPet-safe
Saucer PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Saunders' BillbergiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Refill the central cup every 7-10 days; water the medium only when the top 3 cm is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 daysPet-safe
Saunders' VrieseaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep cup filled; medium dry-down every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Savanna GardeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during the growing season; every 21–28 days in dry seasonMildly toxic to pets
Savin JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; weekly during the first growing seasonToxic to pets
Saw-wortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Sawara CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil starts to dry, often daily in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Sawtooth SunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; every 1-2 weeks when establishedPet-safe
Sawtooth Venus flytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep continuously moist via the tray methodPet-safe
Scabiosa columbaria 'Butterfly Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries; about weekly in the growing seasonPet-safe
Scabrosa Rugosa RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; drought-tolerant afterwardsPet-safe
Scaevola aemula 'Bombay Dark Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Scaevola aemula 'Whirlwind White'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm dries; baskets often need it every 1-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Scaly Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Scaly Male FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil moist; water in dry spells, especially while establishingMildly toxic to pets
Scaly-stem ColumneaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–8 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Scaly-Stemmed Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5–8 days in growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Scaped BergeranthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Scarlet Ball CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Scarlet Bee BalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; often twice weekly in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Scarlet Bidi-BidiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Scarlet buglerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once established; minimal supplemental water neededMildly toxic to pets
Scarlet CleistocactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, about every 7-10 days in summer; sparing in winterPet-safe
Scarlet DahliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Scarlet DrymoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winter.Pet-safe
Scarlet FreesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate during active growth; dry during summer dormancyPet-safe
Scarlet Giant HyssopDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days until established; every 14 days or less once establishedPet-safe
Scarlet Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Frequently during the growing season; reduce sharply in winterMildly toxic to pets
Scarlet Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist during active growth, watering roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Scarlet LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; maintain consistent moistureToxic to pets
Scarlet Martagon LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — water when top 5 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Scarlet MaxillariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in growth, reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Scarlet MonkeyflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Constantly moist to wet — water every 1–2 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Scarlet SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days; keep evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Scarlet Star BromeliadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fill the central urn weekly; water the potting mix every 2–3 weeks, allowing it to approach dryness between applicationsPet-safe
Scarletta LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; do not allow soil to dryToxic to pets
Scepter'd Isle RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season; more in heat, sandy soil or containersPet-safe
Schaefer's TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in autumn–spring growing season; once per month or less in summerToxic to pets
Scharff's BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days, allowing the top 2–3 cm to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
ScheffleraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Schied's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Schiede's goldfish plantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2 cm of soil dries out — approximately every 7–10 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winter.Pet-safe
Schlumbergera 'White Christmas'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthPet-safe
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 'Albescens'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; never let the crown dry outMildly toxic to pets
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constantly wet; shallow marginMildly toxic to pets
Schott's HechtiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Schott's SyngoniumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–10 days in warm seasonsToxic to pets
Schwantesia pillansiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when soil is completely dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growth; keep nearly dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Sciadopitys 'Ossorio Gold'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; deep weekly watering while establishing, more during heat or droughtMildly toxic to pets
Sciadopitys 'Wintergreen'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply weekly in the first 2-3 years, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Scilla sibericaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; rarely needs wateringMildly toxic to pets
Scindapsus aureusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Scirpus lacustrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constantly wet; shallow to moderately deep waterMildly toxic to pets
Scot's Maidenhair SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the gritty mix lightly and evenly moist; water when the surface starts to dryPet-safe
Scots PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, every few days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Scottish HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — water during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Scrub PalmettoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely after establishment — every 3–6 weeks in extended dry spellsPet-safe
Scurfy LaeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; once every 2–3 weeks during summer dry restPet-safe
Sea AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days for established trees; weekly for young or containerised plantsMildly toxic to pets
Sea BindweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; rely on rainfall in a well-drained coastal settingMildly toxic to pets
Sea CampionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Sea HeathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Sea HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water occasionally while establishing, then rarely once matureMildly toxic to pets
Sea KnotgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low; exceptionally drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Sea LettuceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in winter (active growth); monthly or less in summer (dormancy)Pet-safe
Sea Mouse-earDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; rely on rainfall in outdoor settingsMildly toxic to pets
Sea PeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently; allow soil to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Sea Purslane Sun RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — drought-tolerant once established; water sparingly in the first year onlyMildly toxic to pets
Sea SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently — allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Sea SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1–2 cm of growing medium feels dryPet-safe
Sea SpurgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly — very drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Sea StockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth (allow surface to dry slightly between waterings)Pet-safe
Sea Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; this species is adapted to dry, free-draining coastal soilsMildly toxic to pets
Sea ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Sea Urchin CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, roughly weekly to fortnightly in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Sea Urchin CopiapoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or completely dry in winterPet-safe
Seabeach SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently — highly drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
SedumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, every 10-14 days for potted plantsPet-safe
Sedum 'Autumn Joy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry several centimeters down, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Sedum 'Matrona'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry a few centimeters down, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Sedum clavatumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summerPet-safe
Sedum dasyphyllumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Sedum hernandeziiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Sedum palmeriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Sedum spectabile 'Iceberg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry a few centimeters down, about every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Sedum telephium 'Purple Emperor'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry a few centimeters down, about every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Sedum-leaf MedinillaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days (allow soil to nearly dry between waterings)Mildly toxic to pets
Seigen Japanese MapleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; often daily through summerMildly toxic to pets
Sekete's RestrepiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Sellow's SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate during growth; none during dormancyPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Black'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, every 10-14 days in growth; very little in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Commander Hay'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when fully dry in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Emerald Empress'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer, far less if grown outdoors in the groundPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Killer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; almost none in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Oddity'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, sparingly; roughly every 2 weeks in summer and minimal in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Pacific Blue Ice'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Red Lion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; almost none in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Reinhard'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when fully dry in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum calcareumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in growth, only when the soil is fully dry; little to none in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum heuffeliiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, sparingly; roughly every 2 weeks in summer and very little in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum montanumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Senecio macroglossusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is nearly dry, roughly every 10-14 days; less in winterToxic to pets
Senecio macroglossus 'Variegatus'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is nearly dry, roughly every 10-14 days; less in winterToxic to pets
Senegal Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply every 7-14 days in active growth; more drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Senita CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Sensation Mix CosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–10 days once establishedPet-safe
Sensation Mixed cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly until established; then only during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Sensation Mixed cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; very drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Sensitive FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep continuously moist to wet; check every 2-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Sequoia 'Adpressa'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few centimetres of soil dry; keep consistently moist, every 5-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Serbian SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing in the first two years; established trees rely on rainfall except in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Serbian Spruce 'Pendula'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days for the first two years; thereafter mostly rainfall-dependent except in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Serra BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Occasional; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Serrated EnkianthusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — even moisture throughout growing seasonToxic to pets
Sessile BellwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep soil moist in spring and early summer. Tolerates periodic dryness once established.Pet-safe
Sessile ElatostemaLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 3–5 days; substrate should remain consistently moistPet-safe
Sessile OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent once established; water deeply during the first 2–3 yearsMildly toxic to pets
Sessile-Leaf Tick TrefoilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 10–14 days during establishment; once established it is drought-tolerant in typical dry woodland and upland conditionsPet-safe
Sessile-leaved BellwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week during the growing season; minimal watering needed once the plant enters summer dormancy.Mildly toxic to pets
Seven-Spined DiscocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Sexy Pink HeliconiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in summer, reducing in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sexy Pink HeliconiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sexy Rexy RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Seyrig's Caudex VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in active growth; withhold almost entirely in winter restMildly toxic to pets
Shadow AdromischusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks in the active season; monthly in winterPet-safe
Shadscale SaltbushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks during establishment, then rainfall onlyPet-safe
Shady SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Shagbark manzanitaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks once established; more frequent during the first 2 yearsPet-safe
Shaggy Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Shaggy TrichodiademaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days during winter-spring growth period; very sparingly (once monthly) in summer dormancyPet-safe
Shaggy Wood FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
ShallonMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Shand's GibbaeumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during active growth (autumn and spring); withheld in summer dormancy and reduced to once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Shark Teeth Venus flytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist via tray watering; slightly drier in winterPet-safe
Sharp-fruited AbutilonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days when young; fortnightly once establishedPet-safe
Sharp-lobed HepaticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in spring; reduced to every 10–14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Sharp-Lobed Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; reduce in winterPet-safe
Sharp-petaled SchwantesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days during autumn and winter growth; once a month in spring; none or minimal in summerMildly toxic to pets
Sharp-tipped LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; keep roots consistently moistPet-safe
Shasta daisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days in summer; less frequently once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Sheep LaurelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep soil consistently moistToxic to pets
sheep's fescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low; once established, relies on natural rainfall in temperate climates; water monthly if needed during prolonged droughtPet-safe
Sheep's FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Established plants are very drought-tolerant; water only during severe prolonged drought, roughly every 14-21 days in dry conditionsPet-safe
Sheerwater Seedling rowanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular through spring and summer for the first 2 years; minimal once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Shenandoah Switch GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water deeply every 1-2 weeks while youngMildly toxic to pets
Shenandoah SwitchgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment (first season); monthly or as needed once establishedPet-safe
Sheridan Spire Dawn RedwoodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly — maintain consistently moist soilPet-safe
Shield SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray-water during active growth (autumn–spring); completely dry in summer.Pet-safe
Shimpaku JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is just dry, often daily in summer heatToxic to pets
Shingle OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; weekly irrigation for first 2 seasons; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Shingle Plant HoyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is almost completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Shining CinquefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during active growth; very sparsely in winterPet-safe
Shining CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; water only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Shining fetterbushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist to wet — do not allow prolonged droughtToxic to pets
Shining MandevillaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week in summer, reduce to every 10-14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Shining NidulariumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Refill central cup weekly; substrate every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Shining PondweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully submerged — permanently aquatic; water is the growing medium, not an irrigation schedulePet-safe
Shining-Leaf BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Shoestring FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep the mount or medium consistently moist; mist or water every 2-4 daysPet-safe
Shohin Japanese MapleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; often daily in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Shooting Star HoyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthPet-safe
Shore JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; regular watering for first 12 monthsMildly toxic to pets
Shore PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of the mix is dry, often daily in summer heat and every 3-5 days in cool weatherPet-safe
Short-Frond Lady FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 2–3 days; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Short-fronded CeratozamiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 weeksToxic to pets
Short-leaved DeuterocohniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Short-Sepalled LewisiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; bone-dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Short-stalk SophronitisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark surface dries, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Short-stemmed MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Short-Stemmed MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in active growth; less in hot summer monthsPet-safe
Short-stemmed RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; medium kept evenly moistPet-safe
Showy Autumn CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall when established; no summer irrigationToxic to pets
Showy Autumn CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; rarely needs supplementary watering in the gardenToxic to pets
Showy Border ForsythiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-14 days during dry spells; very drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Showy CorytoplectusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10–14 days in winter.Pet-safe
Showy CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during spring and summer; minimal in autumn and winterPet-safe
Showy GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water in extended dry spells onlyPet-safe
Showy Japanese LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2–3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Showy LaeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; once every 2–4 weeks during dry restPet-safe
Showy MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly the first season; once established water deeply only during prolonged droughtToxic to pets
Showy StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks in dry spells; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Showy Tick TrefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly to every 10 days during dry spells in the first season; once established, tolerates moderate drought but prefers consistently moist soilPet-safe
Shrimp PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Shrimp PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2–3 cm (1 in) of compost dries outPet-safe
Shrubby AdeniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer; near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Shrubby Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late summer through early spring; completely dry in June–AugustPet-safe
Shrubby Indian MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; monthly or as needed in winterPet-safe
Shrubby NemesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Shrubby St John's WortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Drought-tolerant once established; water through the first seasonToxic to pets
Shrubby St. John's WortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Siamese Sago PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in active growth; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Siberian Bugloss 'Hadspen Cream'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days during the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Siberian Carpet CypressMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate — once established, largely drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Siberian dogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when establishing; tolerates wet conditions long-termMildly toxic to pets
Siberian Elm BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, typically daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Siberian FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; relies on snowmelt and seasonal rainPet-safe
Siberian IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — keep soil consistently moistToxic to pets
Siberian Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water when the top 2 cm begin to dry, roughly weekly in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Siberian LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; low once establishedPet-safe
Siberian larkspurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — water 2–3 times per week; reduce to weekly once established in cool weatherToxic to pets
Siberian Mountain HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly to keep soil evenly and consistently moist; never allow to dry out.Mildly toxic to pets
Sibthorp's EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season; sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sichuan ArborvitaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sichuan CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Sickle-leaved Hare's-earDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days, allowing soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Side Oats GramaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in extreme droughtMildly toxic to pets
Sidebells BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; monthly in cool or dormant seasonsMildly toxic to pets
Sidebells PenstemonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; monthly in cool seasonsMildly toxic to pets
Sieber's CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water at planting, then rely on rainfall during active growth; keep dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Sieber's CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall typically sufficient; supplement with light watering weekly only during prolonged dry spells in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Siebold's MagnoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly throughout the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Siebold's Wood FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; allow slight drying between waterings once establishedPet-safe
Sierra Cliff Brake FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-21 days depending on season and environmentPet-safe
Sierra JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil has begun to dry; lean toward the dry sideMildly toxic to pets
Sierra laurelMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Frequently; keep consistently moistToxic to pets
Sierra LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; do not allow to dry out between wateringsToxic to pets
Signet Marigold 'Lemon Gem'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 4-7 days; containers more oftenMildly toxic to pets
Sikkim BananaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthPet-safe
Sikkim LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment, less once establishedPet-safe
Silberfeder Silver Feather GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly through the first season, then only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Silberlocke Korean FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly; maintain consistently moist soilMildly toxic to pets
Silk Floss TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in summer; every 3–5 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Silky AsterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought tolerantPet-safe
Silky LupineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; deeply water every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; minimal water once dormantToxic to pets
Silky PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in growth; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Silky Prairie CloverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — highly drought-tolerant; avoid overwateringMildly toxic to pets
silky thread grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once established, water only during extended drought; every 2–3 weeks in hot, dry summersPet-safe
Silky wisteriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during growing season; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Silver Ball CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in autumn; once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Silver Ball NotocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Silver Ball NotocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summer; sparingly once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Silver Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly in summer; weekly in winterPet-safe
Silver Cluster CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; withhold in winterPet-safe
Silver CrownBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer (growing season); every 3–4 weeks in autumn–winterToxic to pets
Silver Crown CotyledonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring/summer; every 4–6 weeks in autumn/winterToxic to pets
Silver Cup Annual MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Silver Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Silver Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply every 10-14 days in dry periods; largely self-sufficient once established in the groundPet-safe
Silver Dollar JadeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Silver Dragon LilyturfBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Silver European Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 14-21 days in dry periods; very drought-tolerant once established in the groundPet-safe
Silver Feather GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 7-14 days during the first growing season; established clumps require little supplemental wateringMildly toxic to pets
Silver FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; rainfall-dependent once establishedPet-safe
Silver Goldfish PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2 cm of mix feels dry; approximately every 7 days in summer, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Silver Goosefoot PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Silver Goosefoot PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Silver HechtiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Silver Jade PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Silver Knight heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate watering once establishedPet-safe
Silver lace fernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist — water as soon as the surface feels barely dry, often every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Silver Lady FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top third of the compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Silver Light BergeniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Silver Mediterranean Fan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; allow top 3–5 cm to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Silver Mound ArtemisiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; roughly every 7-10 days while establishing, then rarelyToxic to pets
Silver MulleinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks when established; weekly for young transplantsMildly toxic to pets
Silver Pagoda DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular throughout the growing season; do not allow to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Silver Pink Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Establish with regular watering in the first season; once established, water only during prolonged drought spells in summer.Mildly toxic to pets
Silver RagwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)low — allow soil to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Silver SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly or when soil is dryPet-safe
Silver ShamrockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
silver spike grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first season; monthly deep watering once establishedPet-safe
Silver SpurflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2–3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 6–10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Silver Staghorn FernDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mount is thoroughly dry, soak every 10-21 days; allows longer dry periods than most staghornsPet-safe
Silver TansyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; more frequent only when youngMildly toxic to pets
Silver Torch CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Silver Tree FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in summer, reducing to every 7-10 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Silver Waves CotyledonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is almost dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Silver-edged PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Silver-leaf SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; water very sparingly or not at all during dormancyPet-safe
Silver-Veined TaroMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysToxic to pets
SilverberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
SilverbushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in the growing season, minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Silverleaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Silvery Glade FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 4–6 days in summer, every 8–12 days in winterPet-safe
Silvery LupineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; water deeply every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Silvery StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Silvery YarrowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Simon BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in summer, once per week in winterPet-safe
Simple-leaf astilbeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist — water 2–3 times per week in dry spellsPet-safe
Simpson's JuttadinteriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 days in the active season (autumn and spring); very sparingly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Sinaloa SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in the growing season; allow soil to partially dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Singapore Yellow FrangipaniDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to fortnightly during active growth; very sparingly in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Single-Leaf BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days (keep compost evenly moist but never waterlogged)Toxic to pets
Sinomiyama Toad LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water when the surface begins to dry, often twice weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Sintenis's Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice monthly during the first growing season; essentially rain-fed once established in the ground.Mildly toxic to pets
sioux blue indian grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during first season; once established, water only during prolonged summer droughtPet-safe
Siskiyou Blue Idaho FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; deep but infrequent once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Siskiyou LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular in spring/summer; very sparing in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sissinghurst White PulmonariaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 4-6 days in dry weather, more in containersMildly toxic to pets
Sitka SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — keep soil consistently moist; very high natural rainfall in native habitatPet-safe
Six Hills Giant CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; about every 7-10 days while establishing, then seldomMildly toxic to pets
Skimmia japonica Kew WhiteMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Maintain consistently moist soil; water deeply every 5-7 days in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Skimmia japonica RubellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply every 5-7 days in dry spells, less in cool monthsMildly toxic to pets
Skimmia PabellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply every 5-7 days in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Skimmia TemptationMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply every 5-7 days during dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Skinner's BarkeriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Abundantly every 4-7 days during summer growth; nearly dry rest from late autumn to early springPet-safe
Skinner's CattleyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Sky Blue AsterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then rarely; very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Sky LupineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; winter rainfall sufficient in most California climates; light supplemental water in February–March extends bloomToxic to pets
Sky Rocket Feather TopDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then occasional deep watering in droughtPet-safe
Skyracer Moor GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; maintain consistent moisturePet-safe
Skyrocket JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days when establishing, then occasional deep soaksMildly toxic to pets
Sleeping Beauty CymbidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in autumn–winterPet-safe
Slender AubrietaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Slender Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 days in summerPet-safe
Slender FraileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Slender Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist in the growing season; reduce sharply in winterPet-safe
Slender IceplantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry completely between wateringsPet-safe
Slender Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days in active growth; every 4–6 days in winterPet-safe
Slender Silhouette SweetgumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first 2–3 years; supplemental in drought once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Slender WaterweedMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fully submerged aquatic; maintain in aquarium or pond water continuouslyPet-safe
Slender-Leaved SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep substrate consistently moist via a shallow tray; refresh water every few daysPet-safe
Slender-lined Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent — one or two waterings during the autumn growth window (September–November); completely dry for 7–8 months of the yearPet-safe
Slim-leaved BiarumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly in autumn and winter; keep completely dry from late spring through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Slowmound Mugo PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly through the first growing season, then only during extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Small Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall usually sufficient; water once per week only if spring is unusually dryToxic to pets
Small Japanese Silver GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the first season; every 10–14 days once established, or as needed during drought.Mildly toxic to pets
Small ScabiousDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate while establishing; reduced once rooted — water when the top few centimetres of soil are dryMildly toxic to pets
Small Solomon's SealLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5-7 days in active growth; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Small TeaselMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil reliably moistMildly toxic to pets
Small-flowered alumrootMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during the growing season; do not allow to dry out completelyPet-safe
Small-flowered calibrachoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 days in warm weather; weekly when established or in cool periodsMildly toxic to pets
Small-Flowered CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; water sparingly and only in droughtPet-safe
Small-flowered PickerelweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist to submergedPet-safe
Small-Flowered Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — establishment watering onlyMildly toxic to pets
Small-Fruited PtychospermaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Small-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–5 weeks in winterPet-safe
Small-Leaved Lipstick VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2 cm of mix has dried; roughly every 7–10 days in summer, every 12–14 days in winterPet-safe
Small-scaled PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; allow soil to approach dryness between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Small's BeardtongueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1–2 weeks; reduce in winterPet-safe
Smith's FairybellsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Smokebush 'Royal Purple'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry; weekly in the first season, then only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Smooth Arizona CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Smooth BeardtongueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly to every 10 days; adapts to both drought and periodic wetPet-safe
Smooth Blue AsterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly until established, then sparinglyPet-safe
Smooth Cane BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of compost feel dryToxic to pets
Smooth ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Smooth CordgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuous tidal immersion — lower intertidal zonePet-safe
Smooth Hydrangea 'Incrediball'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, often every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Smooth OxeyeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Smooth PhloxBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week in summer; weekly when establishedPet-safe
Smooth Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Snake plantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is bone dry, every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Snake PlantLow light (north window or shaded room)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-6 weeks depending on season and light levelToxic to pets
Snake VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; highly drought tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Snake's Head IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in autumn to spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
SnapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly wateringPet-safe
Snapdragon 'Madame Butterfly'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water about twice a week, adjusting for heat, letting the top of the soil dry firstPet-safe
Snapdragon 'Rocket'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water roughly twice a week, more in heat, letting the surface dry betweenPet-safe
Snapdragon AchimenesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during the growing season (spring–autumn); withhold entirely during winter dormancyPet-safe
Sneed's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; almost none in winterPet-safe
SneezeweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water every 4-7 days, more in heatToxic to pets
Sneezeweed 'Moerheim Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Sneezeweed 'Riverton Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
SneezewortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly or more in dry spells; tolerates seasonal moistureMildly toxic to pets
Snow Crystals Sweet AlyssumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Snow TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during spring growth; dry summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Snow-in-SummerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
snowball bushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly when young; every 1–2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Snowball PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry through winterPet-safe
SnowberryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Snowberry CreeperBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep soil consistently moist but never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Snowberry HeathMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; maintain consistently moist but not waterlogged soilPet-safe
Snowcap CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Snowdrop WindflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Snowy Wood RushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water every 7–10 days in dry periods, more frequently in summer heatPet-safe
Snowy WoodrushMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Soap AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, every 1-2 weeks in warm growthToxic to pets
Sobralia macranthaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water generously in active growth, keeping evenly moist; ease off in winterPet-safe
Soconusco ZamiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Socotra BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during the growing season (autumn–spring); completely dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Soft DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — keep almost dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Soft HornwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fully aquatic; maintain floating or loosely anchored in aquarium or pond waterPet-safe
Soft Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium consistently moist; water every 2–4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Soft Shield FernLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Soft Tree FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the trunk and root zone consistently moist; water into the crown and down the trunk every few days in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
Soft-leaf Dunce CapBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Approximately every 12–14 days in the growing season; very sparingly in winter dormancyPet-safe
Soft-stem BulrushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic or waterlogged; plant at 0–60 cm (0–24 in) water depthPet-safe
Soidao Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in growth; reduce to every 3–4 weeks in cooler monthsPet-safe
Solanum crispum 'Glasnevin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist in the first two seasons; water established plants during prolonged dry spellsToxic to pets
Solanum laxumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Solanum laxum 'Album'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Solidago 'Fireworks'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly until established, then only in droughtsMildly toxic to pets
Solitary Fishtail PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerToxic to pets
Solomon's SealLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5-7 days in active growth; less frequent once establishedToxic to pets
SoncoyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly when young; weekly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Sonerila heterostemonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist in the growing season, watering as the surface starts to dry, about every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Song of IndiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Sonoran DioonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; every 4–6 weeks or less in winterToxic to pets
Sonoran IbervilleaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in summer; very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sonoran PalmettoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-6 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summerPet-safe
Sooty CoelogyneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Sophronitis coccineaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days; keep evenly moist year-roundPet-safe
Sophy's RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in growth; container plants checked more oftenPet-safe
Sorbet XP Mix ViolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 4–6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Sorbus 'Joseph Rock'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly for the first two seasons; established trees need water only in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Sorbus ariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly in the first two growing seasons; established trees are markedly drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Sorbus hupehensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly through the first two seasons; established trees are fairly drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
SoursopDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil driesMildly toxic to pets
Southern CannaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist to wet; suitable for bog or marginal plantingPet-safe
Southern CattailDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist to submergedPet-safe
Southern HeathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly but allow the soil surface to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Southern Japanese HemlockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; reduced in winterPet-safe
Southern Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days in warm weather; soil should never fully dry outMildly toxic to pets
Southern MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week for the first two seasons; established trees need water only in droughtPet-safe
Southern Magnolia 'Little Gem'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering while establishing, then every 1-2 weeks in dry weatherPet-safe
Southern Maidenhair FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Frequent — keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Southern Marsh OrchidDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist to wetMildly toxic to pets
Southern NaiadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fully submerged; 20-25% water change weekly in aquariumsMildly toxic to pets
Southern Red TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly moist in spring; reduce by mid-summerMildly toxic to pets
Southern Shield FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 3-4 cm of soil dries out, roughly every 5-10 days in summer; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Souvenir de la Malmaison RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly while establishing; mature plants when the top 5 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Spanish BluebellMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate; largely self-sufficient once establishedToxic to pets
Spanish DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Spanish FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during establishment; minimal once maturePet-safe
Spanish GorseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only to establish; drought-tolerant thereafterToxic to pets
Spanish heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; fortnightly in summer once establishedPet-safe
Spanish HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month in winterPet-safe
Spanish IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — water during growth; keep dry in summerToxic to pets
Spanish JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water fortnightly when young; essentially self-sufficient once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Spanish love-in-a-mistDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Spanish MossBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2-4 times a week, or soak 20-30 minutes weekly in dry conditionsPet-safe
Spanish snapdragonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once established, every 7–14 days in summer; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Spanish StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant; water only in very dry spellsPet-safe
Sparganium erectumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constantly wet; shallow water or saturated marginMildly toxic to pets
Sparkler Palm SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days or when the top 2 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Spartan Cliff StonecropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; monthly or less in autumn/winterMildly toxic to pets
Spathoglottis plicataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 days in warmthPet-safe
SpatterdockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic; plant at 30–120 cm (12–48 in) water depthMildly toxic to pets
Spear HeadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–5 weeks in autumn and winterToxic to pets
spear-leaved arrowhead vineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Spectacular DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growth; reduce to once every 2-3 weeks during winter restPet-safe
Spegazzini's GymnocalyciumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Spencer Mixed sweet peaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; keep roots evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Spencer Waved sweet peaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days in warm weather; every 5–7 days in cool spellsToxic to pets
Spider Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of mix is dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Spider CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Spider IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in winter growing season; bone dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Spider MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; deep watering every 2–4 weeks once establishedToxic to pets
Spike Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during the growing season; sparingly in winter (once a month or less)Pet-safe
Spike heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — once established, water only during prolonged droughtPet-safe
Spike MossMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist at all times; typically water every 2-4 days so the soil never dries outPet-safe
Spike MossLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep the soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days or whenever the surface begins to dryPet-safe
Spiked CautleyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during the growing season, roughly every 7-10 days; reduce significantly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Spiked Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during active growth; sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Spiked Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in the growing season; reduce to every 2-3 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Spiked PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in summer; every 2–3 days in winterPet-safe
spiked sedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water weekly in dry spells once establishedPet-safe
Spiked speedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Spinulose Lady FernLow light (north window or shaded room)2–3 times per week; keep consistently moist year-roundPet-safe
Spiny AdeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; completely dry in winterToxic to pets
Spiny BillbergiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Spiny Club CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; little to none in winterPet-safe
Spiny FuchsiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent — allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Spiny GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequently once established; water lightly only during extreme summer droughtMildly toxic to pets
Spiny Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Spiny OrostachysDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; almost none in winter dormancyPet-safe
Spiny RuschiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Spiny Tree FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Spinystar CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; almost none from October to MarchPet-safe
Spiraea 'Anthony Waterer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea 'Gold Flame'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about once per weekMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea 'Goldflame'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea 'Grefsheim'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea 'Little Princess'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about once per weekMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea 'Little Princess'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea 'Magic Carpet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea 'Shirobana'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days once establishedPet-safe
Spiraea betulifolia 'Tor'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; during dry spells only once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea nipponica 'Snowmound'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about once per weekMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea prunifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; only in extended dry spells once matureMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea thunbergii 'Ogon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then only in droughtsMildly toxic to pets
Spiraea x vanhoutteiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first year; established plants need water only in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Spiral AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm dry out in growth, less in dormancyToxic to pets
Splendid ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; every 21 days in winterToxic to pets
Split RockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry, only when fully dry — roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth; little to none in summer and winterPet-safe
Splitbeard BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Spoon-leaved AloinopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from autumn through early spring; minimal or none June–AugustPet-safe
Spotted AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Spotted Corn LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in growth; completely dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Spotted Dead NettleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in cool or dormant periodsPet-safe
Spotted GasteriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Spotted Joe Pye WeedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water weekly or more in dry spellsPet-safe
Spotted MandarinMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Spotted NomocharisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate to high; soil should remain consistently moistToxic to pets
Spotted TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during active growth; minimal when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Spotted Voodoo LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Dry during flowering phase; then water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during active leaf growthToxic to pets
Spottted HorsemintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in prolonged drought, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Spreading AchimenesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Evenly moist during the growing season; completely dry during winter rhizome dormancyPet-safe
Spreading BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; reduce in winterToxic to pets
Spreading BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Spreading Spike MossMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; check every 2-3 daysPet-safe
Spreading-Flower GuzmaniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Top up cup every 5–10 days; water medium every 2 weeksPet-safe
Sprenger's TulipBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water during growth; dry in summerToxic to pets
Spring BeautyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during active growth (February–May); none needed during summer dormancy.Pet-safe
Spring CinquefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Spring Cinquefoil (Potentilla tabernaemontani)Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Spring Cream heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; less frequent once establishedPet-safe
Spring CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during active growth (autumn through spring); withhold during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Spring CyclamenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthToxic to pets
Spring GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; keep soil evenly moist, never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Spring Meadow SaffronDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent through winter and spring; dry summer restToxic to pets
Spring SnowflakeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly during growth (late winter–spring); reduced but not dry in summerToxic to pets
Spring StarflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Occasional in autumn and spring; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Spring Symphony FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Approximately every 5–7 days; more frequently in heat or droughtPet-safe
Spring Symphony TiarellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; deep-water once or twice weekly during dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Springwood White winter heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for new plantings; established plants tolerate dry spells with watering every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Spurred VanhoutteaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; allow top 2 cm to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Square Leaf HoyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top third of the mix dries out (roughly weekly in summer, every 2 weeks in winter)Pet-safe
Square-stalked St John's-wortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)High — keep consistently moist to wetToxic to pets
Square-stemmed PelargoniumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water very sparingly — every 14-21 days in the growing season; almost none in winterToxic to pets
SquinancywortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely — only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Squirrel CornMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days in spring growing season; no irrigation once dormantToxic to pets
Squirrel's Paw FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–8 days in the growing season, every 10–14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
St Dabeoc's heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water regularly to keep soil evenly moist, especially in the first yearPet-safe
Stachyurus praecoxBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer for younger plantsMildly toxic to pets
StaggerbushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly — keep soil consistently moist, especially in the first 2 yearsToxic to pets
Staghorn fernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak the mount weekly in summer, every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Standish's Golden YewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate — once established, rarely needs irrigation in UK climatesToxic to pets
Standishii YewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Standley's ZamiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days in growing season; every 3 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Stanhopea oculataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the basket surface begins to dry, often every 2-4 days in growthPet-safe
Stanhopea tigrinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days in warm active growth; weekly in cooler, shorter daysPet-safe
Stanhopea wardiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the basket surface starts to dry, roughly every 2-4 days in active growthPet-safe
Stapelia flavopurpureaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Stapelia grandifloraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summerPet-safe
Stapelia hirsutaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summerPet-safe
Stapelia leendertziaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Stapelia variegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summerPet-safe
Stapelia-Like MonadeniumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is mostly dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Star CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Star FraileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Star JasmineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly to establish; once mature, water during dry spells when the top few cm of soil driesPet-safe
Star MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep moist while establishing; water deeply weekly in dry spells for the first few yearsPet-safe
Star Magnolia 'Royal Star'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while young, then in dry periodsPet-safe
Star of BethlehemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent; relies on natural rainfall in most temperate gardensToxic to pets
Star of BethlehemBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; supplement only during extended dry spells in springToxic to pets
Star Window PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerPet-safe
Star-flowered Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2 times per week during the growing season; reduce in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Star-fruited UncarinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in growing season; completely dry during winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Stardust DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winter restPet-safe
Stardust Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during active growth; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Stardust Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–14 days in summer; reduce in autumn and maintain nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Starfish SansevieriaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks (longer in winter)Toxic to pets
StarflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil consistently moist throughout the growing season (spring through autumn).Pet-safe
Starflower pincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 6–8 days during active growthPet-safe
StarfruitDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3-7 days, keeping soil consistently moist; carambola is not drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Starina Miniature RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerPet-safe
Starry RosinweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Starry Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular, keeping soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
StaticeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Statice sea lavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once weekly; allow the top 2–3 cm of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Steeds Japanese HollyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep watering while establishing, then every 7-14 days during dry spellsToxic to pets
Stem-forming Torch LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Stemless African DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days (moderate); reduce in dry periods once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Stemless GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular, keeping soil evenly moist throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Stemless ThistleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — fully drought tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Stenocactus crispatusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Stephan's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late August through November (active growth); withheld completely from May to late AugustPet-safe
Stepladder GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular but drought tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Steppe SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — every 10–14 days in summer, minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sterling Silver LindenDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first 2 years; monthly deep watering once establishedPet-safe
Stewartia monadelphaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly; keep soil consistently moist but well-drainedPet-safe
Stewartia pseudocamelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly; keep soil consistently moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Sticky Jerusalem SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once every 2 weeks in summer; suspend watering October–March except in prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Sticky PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly in spring and summer; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Stiff BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost feels dry, roughly weekly in growthToxic to pets
Stiff GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Highly drought-tolerant; water only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Stiff SunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Stiff twinspurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week in active growth; once per week when established in cooler weatherPet-safe
Stiff-leaved AponogetonMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged; fortnightly 25% water changes as a minimumPet-safe
Stinking IrisLow light (north window or shaded room)Low to moderate — drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Stinking TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist to damp through the growing season; reduce after summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
StockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; keep evenly moist but not wetPet-safe
Stolonifera PalmLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Stoloniferous SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method during winter growing season; completely dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Stone Gate PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in summer, fortnightly in winterPet-safe
Stone Mimicry PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn and spring; almost none in summer (June–August in the Northern Hemisphere)Mildly toxic to pets
Stonecrop 'Autumn Joy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days; less frequent once establishedPet-safe
Stonecrop 'Dragon's Blood'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days; minimal once establishedPet-safe
Stonecrop RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Stonecrop-leaf AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the active growing season (autumn to spring); once a month or less in summerPet-safe
Stoneham Gold Western Red CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; less once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Strachey's BergeniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Strap-leaf PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in active growth; reduce slightly during winter dormancyPet-safe
Stratiotes aloidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Submerged to surface-floating; keep in still water 0.3-1.5 m deepMildly toxic to pets
Straw FoxgloveBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about weekly in dry weatherToxic to pets
Straw-red SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once established; weekly for new plantsPet-safe
Strawberries and Cream Ribbon GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Adaptable; moist soil gives best colour but tolerates drought once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Strawberry BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Strawberry CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Strawberry Fields gomphrenaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Strawberry FoxgloveMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water weekly in dry periodsToxic to pets
Strawberry FoxgloveBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice a week in dry periods; consistent moisture prolongs floweringToxic to pets
Strawberry globe amaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days once established; moderate during establishmentPet-safe
Strawberry GuavaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-10 days, keeping soil evenly moist while fruiting; tolerates short dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
StrawflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; very drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Streambank LupineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; keep soil evenly moist; tolerates periodic wet conditions unlike most lupinesToxic to pets
Streptocarpus saxorumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Stribrny's SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; keep almost dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Stricta Feather Reed GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist; tolerates standing water in springPet-safe
Strictus Porcupine GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to establish, then during dry spells; benefits from steady moistureMildly toxic to pets
String Bean HoyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is almost fully dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
String of bananasBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, every 14 daysToxic to pets
String of ButtonsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks in growing season; roughly monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
String of dolphinsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
String of FishhooksBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
String of FrogsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm (top inch) of soil is dry, often 1-2x per week in spring/summerToxic to pets
String of heartsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, every 10-14 daysPet-safe
String of Hearts 'Silver Glory'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
String of needlesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
String of NeedlesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
String of pearlsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
String of PearlsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in autumn and winterToxic to pets
String of picklesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
String of RaindropsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the compost is dry right through, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
String of SpadesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is nearly dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
String of TeardropsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (autumn–spring); once a month or less in summer dormancyToxic to pets
String of TearsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
String of TurtlesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
String of WatermelonsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; once a month or less in winterToxic to pets
Stripe It Rich Hakone GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Striped Goldfish PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Striped NananthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in summerMildly toxic to pets
Striped SquillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during growth; dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Striped TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in winter (growing season); suspend almost entirely in summerToxic to pets
Striptease HostaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Strobilanthes gossypinusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Strobilanthes kunthianusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
stromantheBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Stromanthe SanguineaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Subalpine FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering during establishment; naturally sustained by snowmelt and high-altitude precipitationPet-safe
Subalpine LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; supplemental irrigation during dry summersPet-safe
Sugar and Spice TiarellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; deep-water once or twice weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Sugar AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 3-5 cm dries; tolerates drying between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Sugar PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 4-6 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 14-21 days in winterPet-safe
Sugarcane Plume GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry spells, more in containersMildly toxic to pets
Sulawesi Wax PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Sulcorebutia steinbachiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in summer, roughly every 10-14 days; none in winterPet-safe
Sullivant's MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; maintain consistent moistureToxic to pets
Sulphur CloverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Sulphur CosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water until established, then only in extended drought; highly drought-tolerantPet-safe
Sulphur Sawara CypressBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during establishment; moderate once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Sulphur-Yellow DyckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; every 30-45 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sulphureum EpimediumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Summer HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during spring and summer; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Summer Skies delphiniumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — deep water 2–3 times per week during growth; reduce to weekly after first bloomToxic to pets
Summer SnowflakeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during growth (spring); tolerates seasonal dryness once dormantToxic to pets
Summer Wave Amethyst Wishbone FlowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Summit SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Sun Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the growing season; nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Sun Cup CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; monthly or less in autumn and winterPet-safe
Sun Flare RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Sunblaze Miniature RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 2-4 days in summerPet-safe
SunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering once a weekPet-safe
Sungold CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water deeply weekly in the first 2 years, then every 10-14 days in dry spellsToxic to pets
Sunningdale Silver Pampas GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; thereafter only in extended droughtPet-safe
Sunrise Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Sunrise SucculentBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10–14 days in summer and every 3–5 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sunsatia Plus Coconut NemesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil or compost is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Sunset HyssopDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days once establishedPet-safe
Super Kabuto Star CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Super King IxoraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 days in active growing season, weekly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Super King Ixora RedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; maintain consistent moisture without waterloggingPet-safe
Super Silver Chalk DudleyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly in autumn and winter (active growth); monthly to none in summer (dormant)Mildly toxic to pets
Superb pinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Superb StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; mounted plants may need daily watering in summerPet-safe
Superba AstilbeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil moist; water when the top 2-3 cm dries, roughly every 4-6 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Superba Pubescent LilacDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Superba RodgersiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times weekly, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Supertunia bubblegum petuniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days in containers in heat; every 5–7 days in bordersPet-safe
Surinam CherryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil dries, roughly weekly; less once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Susan MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment (2–3 years); every 10–14 days when mature in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Sutherland's Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 7-14 days in growing season; reduce to monthly in winterPet-safe
Swamp AzaleaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; in garden settings water every 5-7 days during dry spellsToxic to pets
Swamp doghobbleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Frequently; keep soil consistently moistToxic to pets
Swamp LoosestrifeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Continuously — requires saturated soil or shallow waterMildly toxic to pets
Swamp MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water during dry spells and never let it dry out for longToxic to pets
Swamp Rose MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequently; keep soil moist, tolerates wet conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Swamp Rose MallowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in summer or more frequently in containersPet-safe
Swamp SunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist; water weekly or more in dry periodsPet-safe
Swamp TupeloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constantly moist to permanently floodedMildly toxic to pets
Sweet alyssumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Sweet Autumn ClematisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Sweet Autumn ClematisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week during the growing season; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Sweet AzaleaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonToxic to pets
Sweet BetsyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist through spring and early summer; reduced moisture acceptable during summer dormancy.Mildly toxic to pets
Sweet BirchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water deeply during drought; established trees on suitable sites are largely self-sufficientPet-safe
Sweet Black-Eyed SusanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the first growing season; every 10–14 days when establishedPet-safe
Sweet BoxLow light (north window or shaded room)Water regularly while establishing; once settled, every 7-14 days in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Sweet Chariot Miniature RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 1-3 days in baskets during summerPet-safe
Sweet ClockvineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow the top soil to partially dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Sweet GranadillaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4-7 days, keeping soil evenly moist during growth and fruiting; avoid both drought and waterloggingMildly toxic to pets
Sweet Mock OrangeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Sweet peaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly deep wateringToxic to pets
Sweet Pea 'Cupani'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 days in growth, more in heat; keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Sweet Pea 'Spencer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 days, keeping soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Sweet Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray method: keep 1-3 cm of distilled or rainwater in the saucer continuously during the growing season; reduce to slightly moist in winterPet-safe
Sweet sultanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Sweet TrichopiliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of medium is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in summer; reduce to every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Sweet TrilliumLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist spring through early summer; minimal once dormantMildly toxic to pets
Sweet violetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Sweet White TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist during spring; reduce after dormancy onsetMildly toxic to pets
Sweet White VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Sweet WilliamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow surface to dry slightly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Sweetbay MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; weekly deep watering when young and during dry spellsPet-safe
Sweetbells LeucothoeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly throughout the growing season; do not allow to dry outToxic to pets
Sweetbriar RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then minimalPet-safe
Swertia-leaf ScaphosepalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface is barely beginning to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Swiss Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly year-round; almost dry in winterPet-safe
Swollen-stem TylecodonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (autumn–spring); once monthly or none in summerToxic to pets
Sword-Leaved PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established; monthly or less once established in well-drained soilPet-safe
Swordleaf RushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist to wet soil; tolerates shallow standing water to 5 cm (2 in)Pet-safe
Syagrus RomanzoffianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in heatPet-safe
Sycamore MapleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water young trees weekly for the first 2 yearsToxic to pets
Sylvester Date PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply every 7-14 days while establishing, then drought-tolerantPet-safe
Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only in prolonged dry spells once settledPet-safe
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 'Andenken an Alma Pötschke'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply in dry spells, roughly weeklyPet-safe
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii 'Fellowship'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil reliably moist; water deeply, around weekly, never letting roots dryPet-safe
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'Raydon's Favorite'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first season; once established, only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Syngonium rayiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Table FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is just barely dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Tahitian GardeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days when in active growth; every 10–14 days in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Tailed AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (soil); refresh central tank monthlyPet-safe
Tailed Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days in the growing season; every 7 days in winterPet-safe
Taiwan Felt FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days; allow surface to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Taiwan Shell GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; keep soil evenly moist during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Tall BluebellsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water deeply 2–3 times weekly; never allow to dry out in growing seasonPet-safe
Tall CoreopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; water weekly during the first growing seasonPet-safe
Tall GoldenrodDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water only in extended dry spellsPet-safe
Tall Green MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Tall IronweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry spells, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Tall Mix pincushion flowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Tall Moor GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
tall purple moor grassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during establishment; once established, water only in prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Tall VerbenaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
TamanuDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when established; more frequent for young treesMildly toxic to pets
TamarackDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; tolerates seasonally wet or boggy conditionsPet-safe
TamarilloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-7 days in warm weatherToxic to pets
TamarindDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately; let the top few cm of soil dry between waterings, roughly weeklyToxic to pets
Tamarix-leaf Savin JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — very drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Tangerine Beauty CrossvineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly until established; drought-tolerant thereafterMildly toxic to pets
Tannenbaum Mugo PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water weekly the first year to establish, then during prolonged dry spells onlyMildly toxic to pets
Tanquana hilmariiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparing from autumn to spring; withhold in summerMildly toxic to pets
Tanquana prismaticaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparing in autumn-spring; near-zero in summerMildly toxic to pets
Tar-scented VrieseaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill central cup weekly; allow potting medium to remain almost completely dryPet-safe
Taraw PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during establishment; moderately once maturePet-safe
Tartarian HoneysuckleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Tasmanian Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Tasmanian PernettyaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Tasmanian Tree FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist — water when the top 3-4 cm of soil or fibrous trunk surface feels dry, typically every 3-7 daysPet-safe
Tassel FernLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Tassel Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Tassel Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during spring growth; very dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Tasteless StonecropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14-21 days in spring and summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Tatting FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Tattoo HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days during active growthToxic to pets
Tavaresia barklyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in warm growth; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tavaresia grandifloraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in warm growth; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tawny Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water sparingly in autumn (September–November) during active growth; keep completely dry in winter and summerPet-safe
Tea Tree BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface just begins to dry, often every 1-3 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Teague's PorroglossumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; allow medium surface to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Teasing Georgia RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the growing season; more in heatPet-safe
Teddy Bear PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days when established in ground; check containers daily in summerPet-safe
Teddy Bear PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil dries out, roughly every 7-14 days depending on conditionsPet-safe
Teddy Bear sunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly, or every 5–7 days during dry spellsPet-safe
Teddy Bear VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil feel dry, roughly every 7–10 days year-roundPet-safe
Teddy Bear VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil has dried out, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Tellmann's honeysuckleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during dry spells; especially important in summer while in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Telstar Mix China PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Tenby DaffodilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Tennessee ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then only during extended droughtPet-safe
Teotl PaloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; every 4–6 weeks in winter or noneMildly toxic to pets
TephrocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, sparingly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep bone-dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tessellated ColchicumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; water lightly after planting, then rely on rainfall during autumn–spring growthToxic to pets
Tessellated VandaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in heat; every 2-3 days in cool, low-light spellsPet-safe
Tete CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterToxic to pets
Tetragona Aurea Hinoki CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days when young, then when the top few cm of soil dryMildly toxic to pets
Texas Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Texas Blazing StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during establishment; minimal once establishedPet-safe
Texas BluebonnetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; rely on rainfall; supplement only during prolonged dry spells in winter/springToxic to pets
Texas Bluebonnet Subsp.Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; relies on autumn and winter rainfall; no regular supplemental watering needed once establishedToxic to pets
Texas Nipple CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Texas Rainbow CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Texas SacahuistaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in the growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Teysmann's MedinillaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; every 10–14 days in the winter rest periodMildly toxic to pets
Thai Mountain PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in summer, fortnightly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Thai Silk California poppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Thai Silk Mix California PoppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Thalictrum 'Elin'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil reliably moist; water deeply in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Thalictrum aquilegiifoliumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Thalictrum delavayi 'Hewitt's Double'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water regularly in dry weather, do not let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Thalictrum flavum subsp. glaucumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist; water deeply in dry weatherMildly toxic to pets
Thalictrum rochebrunianumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About twice a week, keeping soil evenly moistToxic to pets
Thatch PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 days, less in cool weatherMildly toxic to pets
The Blues Little BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the first growing season; minimal once establishedPet-safe
The Blues Little BluestemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for first season; every 3–4 weeks or rain-fed once establishedPet-safe
The Bride pearlbushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; once established, every 2–3 weeks or during dry spellsPet-safe
The Dark Lady RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly through the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
The Fairy RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week in the growing season, more during heatwavesPet-safe
The Generous Gardener RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in growth; more during establishment and in heatPet-safe
The Governor lupineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; less once establishedToxic to pets
The Pilgrim RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in growth; more in heatPet-safe
The Rocket LigulariaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil constantly moist; water deeply 2-3 times weekly in summer, daily in heat or dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Theresa's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Therese Bugnet RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; drought-tolerant thereafterPet-safe
Thessalian AubrietaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Thick GongoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–6 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winter restPet-safe
Thick-footed OperculicaryaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; withheld in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Thick-leaf Goldfish PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Thick-stemmed AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–15 days during active growth (spring–summer); very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Thimble CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Thin-Leaved Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per weekPet-safe
Thin-Leaved SunflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 weeks; keep moderately moistPet-safe
Thistle SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent — once established, monthly or less in summerPet-safe
Thomas Edison DahliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week during growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Thorn AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate, once or twice a week in dry spellsToxic to pets
Thorny AdeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer growing season; none in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Thorny BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week during establishment and growing season; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Thorny Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; every 5–8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Thorny ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeksToxic to pets
ThoroughwaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow top inch to partially dry between wateringsPet-safe
Thouars CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Threadleaf CoreopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Threadleaf Sawara CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week to every 10 days when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Threadleaf Tickseed 'Moonbeam'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days; infrequent once establishedPet-safe
Three-awn TrisetellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface just begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Three-Colored LycasteBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Three-Coloured VandaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in warm growth; every 2-3 days when cool and dimPet-safe
Three-Leaved Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately in the growing season; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Three-lobed ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–4 cm of soil is dry; roughly weekly in the growing season, more during droughtMildly toxic to pets
Three-Nerved PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days (allow soil to dry between waterings)Pet-safe
Three-yoked SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — every 10–14 days during active growth; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Threeleaf FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Approximately once or twice per week during the growing season; reduce in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days, allowing soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Thunberg SpireaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established; occasional deep watering thereafterPet-safe
Thunberg's astilbeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular — every 2–3 days in warm weather; reduce in cool, overcast periodsPet-safe
Thunberg's CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Thunbergia battiscombeiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few cm of soil dry out, about every 5-7 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Thyme-Leaved EdraianthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Thyme-leaved FuchsiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular — keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Thyme-leaved SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water sparingly, allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Thyrse Ginger LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist through growing season; reduced in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Thyrse Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-8 days in summer; every 12-14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tian Shan EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tibetan whitebeamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; low once matureMildly toxic to pets
Tidal Wave silver petuniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in containers; every 7–10 days in garden bedsPet-safe
Tiger AloeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth, sparingly in summer dormancy and winterToxic to pets
Tiger Crow OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark mix is nearly dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Tiger FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering during the growing season; reduce after flowering; dry storage in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tiger JawsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring-autumn; roughly monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tiger LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Tiger Tooth AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer, monthly in winterToxic to pets
Tilia cordataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees deeply every 7-14 days in dry spells for the first two seasons; established trees are largely self-sufficientPet-safe
Tilia tomentosa 'Petiolaris'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deep watering every 7-14 days during dry weather for the first two or three seasons; established trees seldom need itPet-safe
Tillandsia aeranthosBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weeklyPet-safe
Tillandsia bergeriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly; mist between soaks in dry airPet-safe
Tillandsia caput-medusaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes every 1-2 weeks; mist between soaksPet-safe
Tillandsia StreptophyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes every 1-2 weeks; mist sparingly between soaksPet-safe
Tillandsia tectorumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist lightly every 10-14 days; soak only rarelyPet-safe
Tillandsia xerographicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak for 20-30 minutes every 10-14 days, more often in dry heatPet-safe
Tiny Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during active growth; very sparingly in winter dormancyPet-safe
Tiny Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly, allowing soil to dry completely between sessionsPet-safe
Tiny Sun MammillariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Tiny-calyx ColumneaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Tiramisu HeucheraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Tiraque SulcorebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in active growth; once a month or less from October to FebruaryPet-safe
Titanopsis Hugo-SchlechteriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Mainly in autumn through spring, every 2-3 weeks when the soil is fully dry; sparing in hot summerMildly toxic to pets
Titanotrichum oldhamiiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Toad TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water regularly in summer, reduce significantly in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Toadshade TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist during spring and summer growing season; allow soil to dry slightly after summer dormancy.Mildly toxic to pets
Toe toeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during establishment; monthly once establishedPet-safe
Toffee Twist SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water once or twice weekly in heat, less when coolMildly toxic to pets
Tojen Toad LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface begins to dry, roughly once or twice a week in summerMildly toxic to pets
Tokudama Flavocircinalis HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3cm of soil begins to dry, about every 5-7 days during active growthToxic to pets
Tom Thumb CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in spring/summer; every 3-4 weeks in autumn; once or twice in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tomaselli's DioonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in the growing season; every 5–8 weeks or less in winterToxic to pets
Tommies CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)No supplemental watering needed once established; relies on winter and spring rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Tompa Norway SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days when establishing; deep watering as the top few cm of soil dryPet-safe
Tongue FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of medium is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Tongue Leaf PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn and spring; very sparingly in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Toothed Fly BushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep substrate evenly moist; water every 2–4 days with pure water onlyPet-safe
Toothed NemesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly to keep compost evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Toothpick plantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 6–9 days; drought-tolerant when establishedMildly toxic to pets
ToothwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week during the brief spring growth period; essentially none during summer dormancyPet-safe
Topeka Purple ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; rainfall-dependent once mature (every 3–4 weeks in dry spells)Pet-safe
Topsy Turvy EcheveriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Torch AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Torch Mexican sunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly until established; every 10–14 days once mature; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Torenia fournieriMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 2-4 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Torenia fournieri 'Catalina Midnight Blue'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; water every 2-4 days, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Torenia fournieri 'Summer Wave Large Violet'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water every 2-4 days, daily for baskets in heatMildly toxic to pets
TormentilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; keep soil lightly moist but not wetPet-safe
TotaraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the topsoil dries, weekly while establishing then as neededToxic to pets
Totem Pole CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Touch of Class RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly during growthPet-safe
Trachelospermum asiaticumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days while establishingPet-safe
Trachelospermum jasminoides 'Variegatum'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthPet-safe
Trachycarpus LatisectusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly through the growing season; keep evenly moist but never soggyPet-safe
Trachycarpus TakilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in summer; reduce sharply over winterPet-safe
Tradescantia NavicularisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the pot is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Tradescantia SillamontanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysToxic to pets
Trailing AbutilonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Freely in growth (spring–autumn); sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Trailing AchimenesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist but never waterlogged during the growing season; completely dry in winter dormancyPet-safe
Trailing African daisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during active growth; reduce to once a week or less once establishedPet-safe
Trailing AzaleaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water during dry spells in the growing season but ensure rapid drainage.Toxic to pets
Trailing Elephant BushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Trailing FuchsiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Trailing globe amaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; quite drought-tolerantPet-safe
Trailing Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks (allow soil to dry completely between waterings)Pet-safe
Trailing IceplantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Trailing Jade PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-14 days in spring/summer; less in winterPet-safe
Trailing LantanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks (drought-tolerant when established)Toxic to pets
Trailing Rock JasmineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; allow top 2 cm to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Transparent Moor GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-14 days; keep moderately moistPet-safe
Transparent Tall Moor GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; less once settledPet-safe
Transparent-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow compost to dry between waterings)Pet-safe
Transylvanian HepaticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in spring and autumn; every 10–14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Transylvanian PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent; allow soil to dry well between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Transylvanian SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — every 7–10 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Treasure flowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once established; weekly when youngMildly toxic to pets
Tree heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fortnightly during the first growing season; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Tree KopsiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth, every 10-14 days in winterToxic to pets
Tree PeonyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply every 7-10 days in the first two years and during dry spells; established shrubs are drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Tree rhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; monthly in winterToxic to pets
Tree-Like PilosocereusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry to mid-depth, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; monthly in winterPet-safe
Tremula Pteris FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Treub's ScindapsusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Trevi Fountain PulmonariaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil evenly moist; water every 4-6 days in dry weather, more in containersMildly toxic to pets
Trewithen Blue CeanothusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during establishment; established plants are drought-tolerant and need supplemental watering only in prolonged dry periods in summerMildly toxic to pets
Triangle FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist during the growing season; water when the top 2-3 cm begins to dryToxic to pets
Triangle palmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Triangle Staghorn FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mount or shield fronds feel dry, soak every 7-14 days in summerPet-safe
Triangular MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in hot weather; every 2–3 days in spring and autumnPet-safe
Trident MapleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top of the soil begins to dry; bonsai often need daily water in summerMildly toxic to pets
Trident Maple 'Kifu'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the surface begins to dry, frequently once or twice daily in summer heatMildly toxic to pets
Trim GreenhoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Lightly moist during active growth (autumn–spring), roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Tropical AlmondDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water when the top few cm dry, roughly every 5-7 days in heatMildly toxic to pets
Tropical pitcher plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the compost damp at all times, never bone-dry; in practice water with pure water every 2-4 days depending on warmthPet-safe
Tropical Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media constantly moist; water every 2-4 days with mineral-free waterPet-safe
Tropical SageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular while establishing; reduced once establishedPet-safe
True lilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist while growing, every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Trumpet GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during the growing season; reduced but not eliminated in winterMildly toxic to pets
Trumpeter RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Truncate HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Tsubo Bamboo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in summer, once a week in winterPet-safe
Tsuboii BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week in summer, reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Tsusima Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Tube BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Tuberous CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; minimal watering in winter dormancyPet-safe
Tuberous CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly in summer; moderate in spring growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Tufted FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days when established; more frequently for newly planted specimensPet-safe
Tufted Hair GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist, watering deeply 1-2 times weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Tufted LoosestrifeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently wet to shallow aquatic; bog garden or shallow pond marginPet-safe
Tufted VetchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — tolerates periodic dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water at planting; rely on rainfall afterToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Angelique'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; dry off as foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Apeldoorn'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist in growth; dry while dormantToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Ballerina'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist through autumn rooting and spring growth; dry off as foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Black Parrot'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; withhold as foliage dies backToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Estella Rijnveld'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; let it dry between waterings once foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Flaming Parrot'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; dry off as foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Ice Cream'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; dry off as foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Menton'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water in at planting, then only during dry spells in springToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Monsella'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in active spring growth; dry through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Prinses Irene'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist while growing in spring; let bulbs stay dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Purissima'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; dry off as foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Queen of Night'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist in growth; dry while dormantToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Rococo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; dry off as foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Tulipa clusiana'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in spring; keep dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Tulipa sylvestrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; tolerates moister ground than hybridsToxic to pets
Tulista MarginataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth; monthly in winterPet-safe
Tulista PumilaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; monthly in winterPet-safe
Tunbridge Filmy FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously moist — never allow fronds to dry; mist 2–3 times daily or maintain in an enclosed humid environmentMildly toxic to pets
Tunic FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water sparingly and only when the top 2–3 cm of soil is fully dryMildly toxic to pets
Tuolumne Fawn LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist during growth (late winter to early summer); do not allow to dry out even during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Turbinicarpus pseudomacrocheleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when fully dry in summer, roughly every 2 weeks; none in winterPet-safe
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when fully dry in summer, roughly every 2-3 weeks; none in winterPet-safe
Turbinicarpus valdezianusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly when fully dry in the growing season, roughly every 2-3 weeks; none in winterPet-safe
Turbo PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in terrariums; every 10–14 days in open potsPet-safe
Turk's Cap LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during active growth in spring and summer; keep soil consistently moist but not waterloggedToxic to pets
Turk's Head BarrelDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in the growing season; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Turkestan RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; sparingly in autumn; almost none in winterPet-safe
Turkestan TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; water once at planting; rely on natural rainfall during growth; completely dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Turkey OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasional once established; more frequent in first 2–3 yearsMildly toxic to pets
Turkish CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Turkish FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry for young trees, roughly every 10-14 days in the first 2-3 yearsMildly toxic to pets
Turkish Pink SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Turkish Red SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Turkish RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Turkish White SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days; minimal once dormant in summer heatPet-safe
Turquoise PuyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)weekly in summer, monthly in winterPet-safe
Tussock NeedlegrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks during the first growing season; essentially rain-fed once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Tweedy's LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular in spring; near-dry from midsummer to early autumnPet-safe
Twin-flowered RuschiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; very sparingly (once every 3-4 weeks) in winterPet-safe
Twinkle OncidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the mix begins to dry, about every 4-6 daysPet-safe
TwinleafMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2 times per week during spring growth; reduce through summerMildly toxic to pets
TwinspurDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–3 times per week during active growth; reduce during cooler periodsPet-safe
Twisted AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Twisted Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Twisted RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; maintain light but consistent moisturePet-safe
Twisted TrichopiliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the medium is nearly dry at the surface, roughly every 5-8 days in active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in cooler months during restPet-safe
Twisted TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate moisture in spring; reduced in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Two-Color CattleyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in the winter restPet-safe
Two-colored LacaenaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the medium is nearly dry at the surface, roughly every 5-8 days in active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Two-Colour VygieDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Two-edged PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days in warm months; every 2–3 days in winterPet-safe
Two-Flowered Everlasting PeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during dry spells; rarely needs watering once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Two-leaf SquillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Naturally watered in spring; needs no supplemental irrigation once establishedToxic to pets
Two-Lobed Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water sparingly from September to March (active growth and flowering); completely dry from April/May through AugustMildly toxic to pets
Two-Ranked AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh central cup every 7–10 days; water soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Two-Row StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days until established; essentially rain-fed once rootedPet-safe
Two-Spiked BillbergiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (soil); cup refreshed every 2–4 weeksPet-safe
Two-toned Pineapple LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Typha angustifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; grow in standing water up to about 30-50 cm deep or saturated soilMildly toxic to pets
Typha latifoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; grow in standing water 0-30 cm deep or in saturated soilMildly toxic to pets
Typha minimaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; grow in shallow water up to about 5-15 cm over the crown or in saturated soilMildly toxic to pets
Typhonium venosumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly while the leaf is in growth; keep the tuber dry during dormancyToxic to pets
UgniDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Ukhrul Fan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season, reduced in winterPet-safe
Umbel Sun RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — minimal irrigation needed; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Umbrella BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly during establishment; every 5–7 days in summer once establishedPet-safe
Umbrella MagnoliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during dry spells; keep soil evenly moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Umbrella PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Unarmed Hedgehog CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Unbranched Bur-reedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic or waterlogged; tolerates 0–60 cm (0–24 in) water depthPet-safe
Unequal-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in the growing season; less in winterPet-safe
Unequal-leaf PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days during active growth; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Upright European HornbeamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water regularly for first 2–3 seasons; rainfall-dependent once establishedPet-safe
Upright Hedge ParsleyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Upright NidulariumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Upright Plum YewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Upright Prairie ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; very drought-tolerantPet-safe
Uproar Rose zinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; deep watering 2–3 times per week at soil levelPet-safe
Urmia TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Ursula's Red Painted FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season, reduce in winterPet-safe
UvaiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly; keep consistently moist during establishment, more drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Valais fescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; more frequent only during establishmentPet-safe
Valdivia BambooMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2-3 times per week in active growth; weekly or less in cool wet wintersPet-safe
Valentine Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 4-6 days in spring, easing off as it goes dormantToxic to pets
Valentine's Crown VetchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — once every 2–3 weeks when establishedToxic to pets
Vallisneria-Leaved ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet during the growing season (spring–autumn); reduce to near-dry during winter hibernaculum phaseMildly toxic to pets
Vanda 'Fuchs Delight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in warm growth; every 2-3 days when cool or low-lightPet-safe
Vanda 'Miss Joaquim'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in warm, bright conditions; every 2-3 days if coolerPet-safe
Vanda 'Robert's Delight'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily in warm growth; every 2-3 days in cool or dormant spellsPet-safe
Vandeleur's Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days; allow compost to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Vandell's Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — water from below, keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Vanilla OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of medium is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Vanilla Trumpet VineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly during summer; weekly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Vanuatu Fan PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-9 daysPet-safe
Variable Dancing GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week during active growth; once every 2–3 weeks during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Variable EpidendrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days during growth; every 10–12 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Variable ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in growing season; every 3–5 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Varied-Leaved Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when established; more frequently in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Variegata BrunneraLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil reliably moist; water when the top 2-3 cm dries, roughly every 4-6 days in warm spellsMildly toxic to pets
Variegata Purple Moor GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-14 days; keep moderately moist to moistPet-safe
Variegated Basket GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Variegated Bear's PawBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 weeks, or when soil is completely dryToxic to pets
Variegated Cast Iron PlantLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Variegated Cord GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist to wet; never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Variegated Dwarf ScheffleraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Variegated Elephant BushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer, monthly in winterPet-safe
Variegated Elephant BushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3–4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10–14 days in summer and every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Variegated Giant ReedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequently; keep consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Variegated Greater PeriwinkleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Variegated Greater Pond SedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently wet — tolerates standing waterPet-safe
Variegated Hiba ArborvitaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once every 7-10 days, keeping soil consistently moist but not waterloggedToxic to pets
Variegated Incense CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once every 10-14 days once established; more frequently in its first two seasonsMildly toxic to pets
Variegated Japanese SpurgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during establishment; once established, water during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Variegated LilyturfMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; established plants are drought-tolerant, needing water only during prolonged summer droughtMildly toxic to pets
Variegated LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days from late autumn through spring when leaves are present; withhold completely in summer dormancyPet-safe
Variegated Moon CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Variegated pierisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly; do not allow soil to dry outToxic to pets
Variegated Purple Moor GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Variegated Purple Moor GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during growing season; keep consistently moistPet-safe
variegated silver grassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; reduce in autumn and winterPet-safe
Variegated Solomon's SealLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5-7 days in active growth; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Variegated Spider PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Variegated String of HeartsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is nearly dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Variegated String of PearlsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Variegated Sweetheart HoyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is almost fully dry, every 2-3 weeksPet-safe
Variegated Velvet GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Variegated XylobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of the potting medium is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Variegated Yellow SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water every 5-7 days in dry spells and never let containers dry outMildly toxic to pets
Vasey's TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist through spring; reduce over summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Vasse's Staghorn FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly soaking in the growing season; fortnightly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Veilchenblau RoseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deeply once or twice weekly while establishing; mature plants when the top few centimetres of soil dry, and they tolerate some droughtPet-safe
Vein-leaved ZamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days (allow top 3–5 cm to dry)Toxic to pets
Veitch FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate once maturePet-safe
Veldt CyanotisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in summer; every 10–14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Velvet AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low once established; deep watering every 2–4 weeks in summer heatPet-safe
Velvet beanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly to keep soil moist, roughly every 4–7 days; tolerates brief dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Velvet CotyledonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season, every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Velvet Leaf VineMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; every 14–21 days in winterToxic to pets
Velvet Queen sunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly, more often in hot dry spellsPet-safe
Velvet SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)WeeklyPet-safe
Venus FlytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the medium permanently wet — stand the pot in 1-2 cm of rain or distilled water and top up so it never driesPet-safe
Venus Flytrap 'Dente'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the soil constantly wet; top up the tray as it dries, near-daily in summerPet-safe
Venus Maidenhair FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist, often every 2-3 daysPet-safe
Verbena × hybrida 'Obsession Coral Eye'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Verbena × hybrida 'Superbena Stormburst'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 2-4 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Verity's LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the cool growing season (October–April); completely dry June–SeptemberPet-safe
Veronica beccabungaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; never let the rootzone dry outMildly toxic to pets
Veronica longifolia 'Blauriesin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil are drying, about weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Veronica spicata 'Royal Candles'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Veronica spicata subsp. incanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days once established, when soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Veronicastrum virginicumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water deeply in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Veterans' Honor RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly during growthPet-safe
Victoria Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Vidal's Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Vilmorin Japanese CedarBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Vilmorin's rowanDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate once matureMildly toxic to pets
Vining PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in spring/summer; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Viola 'Sorbet Raspberry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 3-5 days; containers more oftenPet-safe
Viola × wittrockiana 'Delta Pure Yellow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, typically every 3-5 days; containers dry fasterPet-safe
Viola cornuta 'Etain'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, generally every 3-5 days; more in containers and heatPet-safe
Violet petuniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in borders; containers may need more frequent wateringPet-safe
Violet SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once establishedPet-safe
Violet Wood SorrelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate during active growth (spring); very little during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Violet-Flowered SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7 days in summer; every 14–21 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Viper's BuglossDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent once established; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Virgin OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in autumn–winter restPet-safe
Virgin's BowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days once establishedToxic to pets
Virginia BluebellsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)1–2 inches per week in spring; minimal needed once dormantPet-safe
Virginia Chain FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Frequently — keep soil consistently moist to wetPet-safe
Virginia Pine BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, frequently daily in summer and every few days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Virginia Spring BeautyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring; negligible once dormant in summerPet-safe
Virginia StockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly (keep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged)Mildly toxic to pets
Vitis coignetiaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young vines in dry spells; established plants are largely self-sufficientToxic to pets
Vivellii winter heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for new plantings; every 2–3 weeks for established plants during dry periodsPet-safe
Volcanic PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Vriesea 'Poelmanii'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Vriesea carinataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Vriesea fosterianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Vriesea hieroglyphicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Vriesea platynemaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Wagner's SageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly to maintain consistent moisturePet-safe
Wagners Windmill PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days depending on seasonPet-safe
Waldbrunn SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days while establishing; deep watering when the top 5 cm of soil driesPet-safe
Waldensian SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — allow soil to dry between waterings; withhold almost entirely in winterPet-safe
Walker's Low CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry; roughly every 7-10 days while establishing, then rarelyMildly toxic to pets
Walker's Low CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days once establishedPet-safe
Walking FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep substrate evenly moist at all times; check every 3-5 days and never let it dry fullyPet-safe
Wall RueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Rarely needs watering in the ground; water container plants only when the crevice substrate driesPet-safe
Wall-rue SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Sparingly — only when the substrate is dry to the touchMildly toxic to pets
Wallich's CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice weekly during dry spells once establishedPet-safe
Wallich's StrobilanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; reduce after foliage dies back in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Wallich's Wood FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular in first season; moderate once establishedPet-safe
Wallichiana FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil begins to dry, about every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Wallichii Staghorn FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the shield fronds and mounting medium feel dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Wallis FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days when established; minimal in winterPet-safe
Wallis's Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; medium kept continuously moistPet-safe
WampeeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply every 5-10 days; keep evenly moist when fruitingMildly toxic to pets
Wandering OrthophytumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growth; every 14 days in winterPet-safe
Waras' ParodiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in spring/summer; every 3-4 weeks in autumn; once in winter or withheld entirelyMildly toxic to pets
Warneckii DracaenaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Warty GasteriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Water AvensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Water Clover FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Always in standing water; top up to keep the rhizome submergedMildly toxic to pets
Water Forget-me-notBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently moist to marginal aquatic; up to 10 cm over crownMildly toxic to pets
Water HedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully submerged; 25-30% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Water HorsetailDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Submerged or saturatedMildly toxic to pets
Water SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently wet to shallow submersionPet-safe
Water TupeloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Constant to seasonally flooded; extremely wet tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Water VioletBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged aquatic; grows in 20–80 cm of waterPet-safe
Waterberg CycadDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeksToxic to pets
Watercress FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the surface starts to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Waterfall GladiolusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days during active growth; reduce significantly as foliage dies backMildly toxic to pets
Waterlily TaroBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged roots or standing water; substrate must remain waterloggedToxic to pets
Waterlily TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent during growing season; needs dry summer dormancyToxic to pets
Watermelon BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Watermelon PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer and every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Waterwheel PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully submerged aquatic — water IS the growing mediumPet-safe
Wave PetuniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often daily in baskets and hot weatherPet-safe
wavy hair grassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 1-2 weeks; drought-tolerant once established in cool climatesMildly toxic to pets
Wavy NerineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very little to none in summer dormancy; regular from when flower spikes emerge in autumn through spring; stop as foliage dies backToxic to pets
Wavy-margin PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn and winterMildly toxic to pets
Wavyleaf ConeflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment (first season); monthly or rainfall-dependent once maturePet-safe
Wax JambuDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular deep watering every 4-7 days; more during fruiting and dry heatMildly toxic to pets
Wax plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysPet-safe
wayfaring treeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; rarely needed once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Weasel StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Weaver's BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply 2-3 times per week; daily in hot weatherPet-safe
Webb's GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Weeping Blue Atlas CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks while young, then only in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Weeping Blue Atlas CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment (2–3 years); then rainfall-dependentMildly toxic to pets
Weeping Brown SedgeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly or when the top 3 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Weeping Eastern HemlockMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 weeks; more in hot or dry conditionsPet-safe
Weeping Eastern HemlockMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Weeping European LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; less once establishedPet-safe
Weeping European LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Weeping figBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Weeping Fig VariegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
weeping forsythiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during first growing season; established plants need watering only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Weeping Giant SequoiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks when young; monthly once established in moist climatesPet-safe
Weeping Japanese LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once every 7-10 days during the growing season; reduce in winter when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Weeping Love GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks once established; weekly during establishmentPet-safe
Weeping Nootka CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly during establishment; moderate once maturePet-safe
Weeping Nootka CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days for young plantsMildly toxic to pets
Weeping Norway SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist; water weekly in dry spells, more for young treesMildly toxic to pets
Weeping PodocarpusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Weeping silver pearDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; monthly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Weeping White MulberryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for first two years; monthly once established in temperate climatesMildly toxic to pets
Weigela 'Bristol Ruby'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; established shrubs need water mainly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Weigela 'Eva Rathke'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Weigela 'Florida Purpurea'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Weigela 'Midnight Wine'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Weigela 'My Monet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 5 cm of soil dries, about weekly while establishingPet-safe
Weigela 'My Monet'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Weigela 'Nana Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days once establishedPet-safe
Weigela 'Red Prince'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Weigela 'Sunny Princess'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Weigela 'Wine & Roses'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingPet-safe
Weigela 'Wine & Roses'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Weilbach's AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (soil); refresh central tank every 3–4 weeksPet-safe
Weilbach's AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill the central cup every 5-7 days; water the medium when the top 2 cm is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Welsh PoppyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; moist but not waterloggedToxic to pets
Welwitsch's ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Wendland's BulbophyllumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly throughout the year; keep medium consistently moist in summer, slightly drier in winterPet-safe
Wendland's BulbophyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of the medium dries, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Wendland's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; never dry outPet-safe
Werner's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once every 3–5 weeks during the autumn–winter growing period only; completely dry through spring and summerPet-safe
West Texas SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Western Arborvitae ZebrinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply every 5-7 days the first two years, then during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Western Bog LaurelDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Frequent to constant; keep wetToxic to pets
Western ColumbineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce after floweringToxic to pets
Western HemlockMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; regular moisture long-termPet-safe
Western IronweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Western LarchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; thereafter relies on natural precipitationPet-safe
Western Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Western Red CedarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular — water deeply once or twice a week until established; drought-sensitivePet-safe
Western Skunk CabbageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently moist to wet; boggy or waterlogged conditions requiredToxic to pets
Western SpireaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5-7 days or as needed to keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Western SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Shallow tray method in winter–spring; dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Western SunflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks once established; extremely drought-tolerantPet-safe
Western Sword FernLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Western White TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist spring through early summer; reduced but not completely dry in summer dormancy.Mildly toxic to pets
Whale Fin Snake PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 2-4 weeks, when soil is fully dryToxic to pets
Wheel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks during spring/summer growing season; once every 6 weeks in autumn; sparingly or not at all in winterMildly toxic to pets
Wheeler's PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Wheki Tree FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist — water deeply 2-3 times per week in dry periods during the growing seasonPet-safe
Wherry's FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water about weekly, more in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Wherry's FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week in the growing season; reduce significantly in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Whip BrassavolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days in summer; every 7–10 days in winterPet-safe
Whirling Butterflies GauraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Whirlwind Blue Fan FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of potting mix is dry, roughly every 4-6 days in summerPet-safe
White AnacampserosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
White Arrow ArumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Continuously moist to waterlogged; never allow to dry outToxic to pets
White AshDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water weekly when young; moderate drought tolerance once establishedMildly toxic to pets
White BaneberryMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week in growing season; weekly when dormantToxic to pets
White BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; minimal in winterPet-safe
White Bird of ParadiseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days depending on season and temperatureMildly toxic to pets
White Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days in active growth; reduce once dormantToxic to pets
White BrodiaeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during active growth; dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
White CampionBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate; allow soil to approach dryness between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
White ComfreyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–10 days during dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
White DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; every 2–3 weeks in winter restPet-safe
White dipladeniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
white double camelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly throughout the year; moisture critical in summer and autumnMildly toxic to pets
White Dragon Mondo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
White Egret OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist during active growth (spring–summer), roughly every 2-4 daysPet-safe
White EnkianthusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; soil should stay evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
White FirDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during establishment; largely drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
White Floss Silk TreeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
White FrangipaniDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; once per month or less in winterToxic to pets
White FreesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during active growth (autumn to spring); completely dry during summer dormancyPet-safe
White GardeniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during growing season; every 14–21 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
White Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water generously every 2–4 days in active growth; reduce to sparingly in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
White Grand LotusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Aquatic — permanently in still or slow-moving waterMildly toxic to pets
White IxoraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2-3 times per week in summer, weekly in winterMildly toxic to pets
White JuttadinteriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (spring through autumn); very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
White laceflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow the top 2 cm of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
White LaeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring and autumn; once every 2–3 weeks in summer dry restPet-safe
White Magic Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; dry from early summer through autumnMildly toxic to pets
White Marsh MarigoldBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently moist to boggy; crown should sit just above water levelMildly toxic to pets
White Marsh MarigoldBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently moist to wet; boggy soil or shallow pondsideMildly toxic to pets
White mountain heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist during the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
White MugwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly or when top 2–3 cm of soil driesMildly toxic to pets
White MussaendaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 days during active growth; reduce in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
White Nancy Dead NettleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days during active growth; reduce in winterPet-safe
White PassionflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week during dry spells; less in winterPet-safe
White Perfection Darley Dale heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
White PeriwinkleMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during establishment; self-sufficient in average rainfall once establishedToxic to pets
White Prairie CloverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish; afterwards highly drought-tolerant, seldom needs wateringMildly toxic to pets
White Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular moisture with periodic dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
White Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderately during growth; a dry period followed by watering triggers bloomingToxic to pets
White SailsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days during active growth; reduce to every 14 days in winterToxic to pets
White SapoteDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for young trees; every 2–3 weeks for established trees; withhold during wet periodsToxic to pets
White Skunk CabbageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Continuously moist to waterlogged; never allow to dry outToxic to pets
White Spider OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate during autumn to spring; completely dry in summerPet-safe
White SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; regular watering for first 2 yearsMildly toxic to pets
White St Dabeoc's HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate — water when top 2–3 cm of soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
White StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; little to none in winterPet-safe
White TabernaemontanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice weekly during active growth; once per week or less in winterToxic to pets
White Tiger JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during the growing season (spring–autumn); once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
White Towers Toad LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface starts to dry, often once or twice weekly in summerMildly toxic to pets
White TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during spring growth; reduce after dormancyMildly toxic to pets
White Trout LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist while in growth (spring); reduce after dormancyMildly toxic to pets
White Trumpet PitcherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly wet via the tray method, standing in 1-3 cm of water through the growing seasonPet-safe
White Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanent aquatic — always submerged in 45-90 cm of waterMildly toxic to pets
White Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Aquatic — grows permanently submerged or in standing waterToxic to pets
White Wild IndigoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water the first season; established plants need little to no wateringMildly toxic to pets
White Wild QuinineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then sparingly; drought-tolerant once rootedMildly toxic to pets
White wood asterMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 weeks during establishment; largely self-sufficient once established in woodland settingsPet-safe
White Wood AsterMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
White Young's BarrenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water weekly, or when the top 2 cm of soil dries, particularly during establishment; reduce frequency once settledMildly toxic to pets
White-Bark MagnoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during dry spells for the first 3 years; every 2 weeks when establishedPet-safe
White-flowered BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
White-Flowered Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less from October to FebruaryPet-safe
White-haired Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in summer; every 10–14 days in spring and autumn; once a month or none in winterPet-safe
White-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; reduce to monthly or less in winterPet-safe
White-Leaved Rock RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasional — every 2–3 weeks when established; weekly in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
White-pink StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
White-Powder BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the growing season; fortnightly when dormantPet-safe
White-red TrichocentrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When bark is nearly dry, every 6-9 days in growth; every 10-14 days in cooler, lower-light monthsPet-safe
White-Spined ThelocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; suspend almost entirely in winter.Pet-safe
White-topped Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist to wet — sit pots in 2–5 cm of standing water during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Whitley's SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during active growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Whorled HeathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent once established; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Whorled MilkweedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then rarely; highly drought-tolerant once settledToxic to pets
Whorled RosinweedBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-2 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Whorled Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during the growing season; reduce in autumnMildly toxic to pets
Whorled Water MilfoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submergedPet-safe
Wickwar Flame heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment, then as neededPet-safe
Wide Brim HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)When the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during active growthToxic to pets
Wide Eye PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn to late winter; none in summerPet-safe
Wide-leaf CeratozamiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeksToxic to pets
Wide-leaved Grape HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in spring; dry over summerMildly toxic to pets
Wide-Leaved Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when establishedPet-safe
Wild Blue PhloxMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; keep soil evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Wild CardamomMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly throughout the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Wild Cherry BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil begins to dry, often daily in summerToxic to pets
Wild Crabapple BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, often daily in summer and much less in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Wild Custard AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the growing season; monthly during dry dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Wild Edric RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly in the growing season, more in heat or sandy soilPet-safe
Wild GazaniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days (very drought-tolerant once established)Mildly toxic to pets
Wild LupineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water to establish, then rarely; it is drought-tolerant once settledToxic to pets
Wild maracujaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Wild nemesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days once established; more frequently when youngPet-safe
Wild pansyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep soil evenly moist but not wetPet-safe
Wild PineappleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Wild QuinineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Wild RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then rarely once maturePet-safe
Wild SennaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in dry periods; tolerates brief floodingMildly toxic to pets
Wild Star AppleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days when young; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Wild TeaselBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during establishment; tolerates winter wetMildly toxic to pets
Wild's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Wildeve RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly while growing, increasing in heat and on free-draining soilsPet-safe
Wildfire Black TupeloDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during establishment; moderate once matureMildly toxic to pets
Wildwood Twist Painted FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; maintain consistent soil moisturePet-safe
William Buchanan heathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water regularly, especially during flowering and in dry summersPet-safe
William Shakespeare 2000 RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice weekly through the growing season, more in heatPet-safe
Williams rhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; reduce to monthly in winterToxic to pets
Willow GentianMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; maintain consistently moist soil throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Willow OakDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water weekly when young; tolerates periodic flooding once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Wilman's EbracteolaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days during the spring-autumn growing season; very sparingly (once every 4-6 weeks) in winterPet-safe
Wilmot's DinteranthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Autumn only (2 watering cycles); stop completely in spring while new leaves emerge; minimal in early winterPet-safe
Wilmot's DinteranthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks during autumn through early spring; completely dry June–AugustPet-safe
Wilson SpruceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; established trees are drought-tolerantPet-safe
Wilson's Filmy FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously moist — fronds must never dry; maintain in a sealed humid enclosure with permanent moisture at the rhizomesMildly toxic to pets
Wiltoni JuniperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days in year one, then rarelyMildly toxic to pets
Wimsett Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Window PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in spring and summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Wine Fishtail PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Wine PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply 1–2 times per week in warm weather, less frequently in cool periodsToxic to pets
Wine-Colored AlcantareaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the central tank filled with fresh water; water the root zone when the top 3-4 cm is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Winged Kacip FatimahLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 1–2 cm of medium begins to dry; approximately every 4–7 days depending on temperature and humidityMildly toxic to pets
Winged PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow compost to dry almost fully between waterings)Pet-safe
Winter AconiteMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Relies on natural rainfall; keep soil moist during active growthToxic to pets
Winter Gem BoxwoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly while establishingToxic to pets
Winter Glow BergeniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days during the growing season; very little in winterPet-safe
Winter Gold Mugo PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for the first two seasons; established plants every 2-3 weeks in droughtMildly toxic to pets
Winter heathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Established plants: every 2–3 weeks in dry spells; new plants: weekly for the first seasonPet-safe
Winter Heath Springwood WhiteDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry spells; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Winter IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant; water sparingly in summerToxic to pets
Winterberry Holly 'Winter Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep consistently moist; water regularly in dry spellsToxic to pets
Wintergreen BarberryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Wintergreen BoxwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about weekly in summerToxic to pets
WintersweetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water in dry spells; moderate once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Wintertime prickly heathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular; keep evenly moistToxic to pets
Wire-stem TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (autumn–spring); once per month or less in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Wisley 2008 RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once or twice a week in the growing season; more in heat or sandy soilPet-safe
Wisley GaultheriaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; less in cool wintersMildly toxic to pets
Wisley Pearl GaultheriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; keep soil evenly moistToxic to pets
Wisteria 'Amethyst Falls'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; water in summer droughtToxic to pets
Wisteria floribundaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply in dry spells, particularly through bud development; mature plants tolerate some droughtToxic to pets
Wisteria floribunda 'Multijuga'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply in dry weather, especially during flowering and bud set; established plants tolerate moderate droughtToxic to pets
Wisteria sinensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply during dry spells, especially while flower buds form; established plants are fairly drought-tolerantToxic to pets
Wisteria sinensis 'Alba'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply during dry spells, especially as buds form; established plants tolerate some droughtToxic to pets
Witch HazelBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
WitchgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall sufficient in most climates; supplemental water only if very dryPet-safe
Witteberg Cone PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn–winter; almost none in summerPet-safe
Wolf Eyes Kousa DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days once matureMildly toxic to pets
Wolffia arrhizaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Floats permanently on still water; no separate wateringMildly toxic to pets
Wollaston's Holly FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 3–5 days; keep moist but well-drainedPet-safe
Wonderful PuyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in summer, once every 2–3 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Wonga Wonga VineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days when young; largely self-sufficient once established in groundMildly toxic to pets
Wood AnemoneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during spring growth; none required during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Wood AvensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate — rain-fed in shadePet-safe
Wood Club-rushMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently moist to wet; tolerates shallow standing waterPet-safe
Wood Fern 'The King'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Wood Forget-me-notMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep soil moist but well-drainedPet-safe
Wood MelicMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist while establishing; tolerates dry shade once rootedMildly toxic to pets
Wood MelickMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Infrequently; drought-tolerant under shadePet-safe
Wood SedgeLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water weekly or more in summerPet-safe
wood small-reedDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; occasional deep watering in first seasonPet-safe
Wood VetchMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate — prefers moderate moisture with periods of dryingMildly toxic to pets
Wood's CotyledonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days when actively growing, every 3–4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Wood's CycadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Woodland SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Woodland SunflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Woodsia ilvensisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysMildly toxic to pets
Woodsia obtusaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysMildly toxic to pets
Woodwardia fimbriataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; check every 2-4 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Woodwardia unigemmataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 4-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Woolly Jerusalem SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — once every 2–3 weeks once established; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Woolly Lip FernDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)every 2-4 weeks (highly drought-tolerant)Mildly toxic to pets
Woolly Lip FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 14-21 days in summer, monthly in winterPet-safe
Woolly Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in summer; very little in winterPet-safe
Woolly RoseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Woolly WeingartiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; once monthly or less in winter.Pet-safe
Woolly yarrowDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; minimal supplemental watering neededMildly toxic to pets
Wooly-leaf White SapoteDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water frequently when young; every 1–2 weeks once established; reduce after harvestToxic to pets
Worplesdon SweetgumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during the first 3 years; supplemental watering in dry summersMildly toxic to pets
Woven MatucanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Wrinkled ElatostemaLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 3–5 days; soil should remain consistently moistPet-safe
Wulfen's AlyssumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during growing season; very little in winterPet-safe
Wych Elm BonsaiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil begins to dry, often daily in summerMildly toxic to pets
Yakushima RhododendronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during dry weather; do not allow to dry out in summer or before frostToxic to pets
Yakushima Rhododendron 'Yaku Princess'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About weekly, more during heat; water when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Yarrow 'Moonshine'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimeters of soil are dry, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Yellow ArchangelMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant once established in shadeMildly toxic to pets
Yellow AzaleaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during dry spells; established plants are reasonably drought-tolerant but flower best with consistent moistureToxic to pets
Yellow Baby ToesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during active growth (autumn through spring); essentially none through summer dormancyPet-safe
Yellow BarrenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during first two seasons; established plants are drought-tolerant and rarely need supplemental wateringMildly toxic to pets
Yellow BirchDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Consistently moist; water deeply 1-2 times per week during establishment and in dry spellsPet-safe
Yellow Bird's NestMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Maintain water in the central cup; water compost when mostly dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Yellow BladderwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Lives submerged — keep it permanently in water; top up to maintain depth as it evaporatesMildly toxic to pets
Yellow ClintoniaLow light (north window or shaded room)Twice weekly in dry spells; maintain even soil moisture throughout the growing seasonPet-safe
Yellow Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn; withhold entirely in summerPet-safe
Yellow Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late summer through early spring; fully dry throughout June–AugustPet-safe
Yellow coneflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during establishment; every 2–4 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Yellow CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — water once at planting; rainfall sufficient during growth; completely dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Dragon FruitDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in growth; let the top half of the mix dry firstPet-safe
Yellow FairybellsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; maintain consistent moistureMildly toxic to pets
Yellow False JasmineBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 7-10 days during the growing season; reduce to every 2-3 weeks once established and dormancy slows growthToxic to pets
Yellow FawnlilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist during active growth (late winter to late spring); minimal after dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Yellow FirethornDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Yellow FoxgloveBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weekly in dry spellsToxic to pets
Yellow GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; keep evenly moist during the growing season — never allow to fully dry outMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Giant HyssopBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Yellow Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Generously during the growing season; greatly reduced in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Ginger LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; reduce to every 10-14 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Glacier LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during spring growth; reduce sharply after dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Groove BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the growing season; every 2 weeks when dormantPet-safe
Yellow Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly every 10-14 days in summer; keep almost completely dry from late autumn to early springMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Horned PoppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasionally during dry spells onlyToxic to pets
Yellow Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; minimal to none in winterPet-safe
Yellow Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–14 days in summer; very little supplemental water needed once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Yellow JaboticabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 days during establishment; weekly once matureMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Latan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Yellow Latan PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5-8 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Yellow Living Rock CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 21 days in summer; near-dry in winterPet-safe
Yellow LoosestrifeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly, keeping soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Marliac Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently aquatic — crown submerged 15–75 cm (6–30 in) below water surfacePet-safe
Yellow MombinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days; highly drought-tolerant when establishedPet-safe
Yellow MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly; roughly every 2–3 weeks during active growth (autumn–spring), barely at all in summerMildly toxic to pets
Yellow MonkeyflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil permanently wet; never allow to dry outPet-safe
Yellow Mountain HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — keep consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Mountain SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days during the growing season; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Yellow OleanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–10 days during establishment; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Yellow Passion FruitDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regularly, every 3-7 days, keeping soil consistently moist during flowering and fruiting; never let it dry out hardMildly toxic to pets
Yellow PimpernelMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)High; keep consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Yellow PitayaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 2-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Yellow Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand the pot in 1-3 cm of water during the growing season (tray method)Pet-safe
Yellow Prairie Wild IndigoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2 weeks in year 1–2; essentially drought independent once establishedToxic to pets
Yellow PromenaeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the potting medium is nearly dry at the surface but still faintly moist below, roughly every 5-8 days in summer and every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Yellow Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)A dry period of 2-3 weeks followed by generous watering triggers flowers; moderate moisture otherwiseToxic to pets
Yellow RattleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rain-fed; no supplemental irrigation needed once sown into a meadowMildly toxic to pets
Yellow TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during spring growing season; reduced once foliage dies back in summer.Mildly toxic to pets
Yellow Trout LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water regularly in spring; allow to dry naturally after dormancy sets inMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Trumpet CreeperDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during establishment; drought-tolerant once matureMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Trumpet PitcherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the growing medium permanently moist using the tray method — 3-5 cm of water in the saucer at all timesPet-safe
Yellow TrumpetbushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; much less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Whitlow GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Yellow WhitlowgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Yellow Wild IndigoDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly the first season; rarely thereafter once establishedToxic to pets
Yellow Wood AnemoneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during spring growth; dormant and dry in summerToxic to pets
Yellow Woodland VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; maintain evenly moist soil throughout spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
Yellow-Bracted NidulariumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Refill central cup weekly; substrate every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Yellow-cup PitcairniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during active growth (spring–autumn); reduce to infrequent watering every 10–14 days in winter, allowing the top half of the substrate to dry.Mildly toxic to pets
Yellow-flowered SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Yellow-scaled TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during active winter growth; completely dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Yellow-Spike PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Yellow-Twig DogwoodBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Yellow-White MaxillariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in growth, every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Yellow-wortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely — water only during severe droughtMildly toxic to pets
Yellowish MiltoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in summer, every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Yew BonsaiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm is dry, typically every 2-4 days in summer and less in winterToxic to pets
Yokosca Lady FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 2–3 days; keep soil moist to wetPet-safe
Yokosuka Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Yoshino CherryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water young trees weekly in dry weather; established trees need littleToxic to pets
Young's Weeping BirchBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during establishment and dry spells; every 2 weeks once maturePet-safe
YuccaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is mostly dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Yulan MagnoliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when young; established trees need water during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Yuletide Sasanqua CamelliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in summer; reduce in winter but do not let dry outPet-safe
Yunnan CypressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during establishment; drought-tolerant once maturePet-safe
Yunnan Dwarf PalmBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in summer, monthly in winterPet-safe
Zamia PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–6 weeksToxic to pets
Zamia PumilaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Black Star'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Captain Safari'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist in growth and bloom; keep dry over winter dormancyToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Captain Tendens'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil evenly moist in growth and bloom; keep dry during winter dormancyToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Captain Violetta'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Crystal Blush'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in growth, watering when the top 2-3 cm is dry (often every 4-7 days)Toxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Edge of Night'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in growth, watering when the top 2-3 cm of soil dries; reduce sharply as foliage fadesToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Flame'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in growth, watering when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; reduce as foliage dies backToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Hot Chocolate'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during growth, watering as the top 2-3 cm of soil dries; cut back as it goes dormantToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Mango'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Picasso'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Zantedeschia 'Schwarzwalder'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Zantedeschia albomaculataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Zantedeschia elliottianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Zantedeschia jucundaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Zantedeschia pentlandiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Zaragoza CeratozamiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–5 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Zebra GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly for the first season; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Zebra Plant DaniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Zebrinus Zebra GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing, then during dry spells; appreciates steady moistureMildly toxic to pets
Zehtner's DiscocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; reduce to once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Zephirine Drouhin RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Deeply once a week in the growing season; more in heat or during establishmentPet-safe
Zigzag BambooDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the growing season; fortnightly in winterPet-safe
Zigzag CloverMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; tolerates short dry spells once establishedPet-safe
Zigzag GoldenrodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; water weekly in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Zigzag IrisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist to wetMildly toxic to pets
Zinnia 'Profusion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 4-7 days; containers more oftenPet-safe
Zinnia elegans 'Profusion Cherry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Zinnia elegans 'Zahara Starlight Rose'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Zinnia haageana 'Old Mexico'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Zois's BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — water sparingly; allow to nearly dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Zombie PalmDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; every 21–28 days in winterPet-safe
Zoys's BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow soil to dry between waterings; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
ZZ plantLow light (north window or shaded room)When the soil is completely dry, every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
ZZ Plant LuckyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
ZZ Plant RavenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
ZZ Plant VariegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
ZZ Plant ZenziMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets

Plants for a cold or unheated room — frequently asked questions

What makes a plant right for a cold or unheated room?

It is an RHS rating of H3 or hardier, OR documented drought-tolerant watering — the two signals that a plant will survive a cooler, more variable room. Growli's library currently lists 7226 plants that fit that profile, and the list will grow as the library grows. Match a plant to the room's reality, not a generic "best of" guess.

Are these plants safe for cats and dogs?

Not necessarily — this list is selected for a cold or unheated room, not by pet safety. Each plant below shows its ASPCA toxicity status in the table; tap any plant for its full pet-safety guide. If pets share the room, cross-check this list with the dedicated pet-safe library.

Do I really need a humidifier for cold or unheated room?

It depends on the species, not the room. The plants below are picked to fit a cold or unheated room's natural conditions, so most do not need extra humidity beyond a pebble tray or grouping with other plants.

How big do these plants get?

It varies — see each plant's mature size on its care guide. Most species selected for a cold or unheated room are tabletop to medium height; the large-floor-plant list is the place to start if you specifically want a statement-sized plant.

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