Growli

Best plants

2571 best small & tabletop houseplants

Not every home has floor space for a statement plant. These species stay genuinely small — about 40 cm or under at maturity — so they suit a desk, a shelf, a bedside table or a narrow windowsill without ever taking over.

How this list is built: houseplants documented to mature at roughly 40 cm tall or less, excluding trailers (whose reach understates their footprint)— filtered from Growli's structured plant-care library, not hand-picked, so it stays consistent and checkable.

PlantLightWaterPets
Accent Scarlet Busy LizzieMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the compost evenly moist; typically water every 1-3 days in warm weather as plants wilt quickly in dry conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Acorus gramineusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist to wet; never allow to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Acorus gramineus 'Variegatus'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil constantly moist to wet at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus CooperiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus CristatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus HemisphaericusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus MaculatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus MarianiaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Adromischus TrigynusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Aechmea cylindrataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup topped up; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Aechmea gamosepalaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; refresh weekly and water mix when top 2-3 cm dryPet-safe
Aechmea recurvataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the small cup filled; refresh weekly and water mix when top few cm dryPet-safe
Aeonium Castello-Paivae 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aeonium HaworthiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aeonium SimsiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few centimetres are dry, about every 7-12 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Aerangis bilobaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-3 days when mounted; every 3-5 days in a small basket, kept lightly moistPet-safe
Aerangis fastuosaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water every 1-3 days, keeping the roots consistently moistPet-safe
Aerangis luteoalbaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-3 days when mounted; every 3-5 days in a small basket, keeping it lightly moistPet-safe
Aerangis rhodostictaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mounted plants every 1-2 days in summer, every 2-4 days in winter; potted plants when the surface bark just begins to dryPet-safe
Afghan IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in late winter to late spring; bone dry from midsummer to early autumnToxic to pets
African violetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top of the soil feels just dry, every 5-7 daysPet-safe
African Violet 'Blue Nile'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil feels barely dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
African Violet 'Optimara EverFloris'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil feels just dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
African Violet 'Optimara Little Maya'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil feels barely dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
African Violet 'Optimara'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil feels barely dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
African violet streptocarpusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days, allowing the top inch of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
African Wild GingerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during the growing season, approximately every 7-10 days; very little during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Afzel's NephthytisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Agave isthmensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Agave nizandensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Agave utahensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, every 2-4 weeks in summer; little to none in winterToxic to pets
Agave victoriae-reginae 'Compacta'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Ageratum houstonianum 'Artist Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema Jubilee PetiteLow light (north window or shaded room)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema OsakaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Aglaonema Pictum BicolorMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Air plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak weekly for 20-30 minutesPet-safe
Aizoon RosulariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 weeks in spring and summer; rarely in winterPet-safe
Alabama Lip FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Alaska Mix NasturtiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Albany Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the mix consistently moist year-round; never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Albany Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate moist but not waterlogged; water when surface begins to lightenMildly toxic to pets
Aleutian Mountain HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; water whenever the top 2–3 cm of soil begins to dry.Mildly toxic to pets
Alice's SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly damp; tray topped up year-round, easing off slightly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Allioni's PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderately during spring and summer; very sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Almost-round Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Alocasia BambinoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-10 days in the growing season; less in winterToxic to pets
Alocasia Bambino ArrowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Alocasia InfernalisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of medium is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Alocasia Low RiderBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, about every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Alocasia Maharani (Grey Dragon)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly every 5-7 days in spring and summer; about every 1-2 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Alocasia NebulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Alocasia ReversaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-9 days in growthToxic to pets
Aloe 'Delta Lights'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe 'Doran Black'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Aloe 'Firebird'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Aloe 'Pink Blush'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe CastillonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2 weeks in warm growthToxic to pets
Aloe DescoingsiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the small pot dries out, about every 1-2 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe ErinaceaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, every 2-3 weeks at most in growthToxic to pets
Aloe HaworthioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 1-2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe HumilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Aloe KrapohlianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when soil is fully dry — roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth, very little in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Aloe MinimaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is dry, roughly every 2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe PegleraeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe RauhiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, roughly every 2 weeks in growthToxic to pets
Aloe-like NananthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Aloinopsis luckhoffiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)During cool-season growth (autumn-spring); keep nearly dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Aloinopsis malherbeiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Mainly autumn through spring; keep nearly dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Aloinopsis rosulataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Autumn through spring growth; keep nearly dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Aloinopsis schooneesiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Autumn through spring; reduce sharply in summer and keep dry in deep winter coldMildly toxic to pets
Aloinopsis setiferaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Autumn through spring growth; keep nearly dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Alonso's TurbinicarpusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; withhold almost entirely in winterPet-safe
Alpine AsterDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week in dry spells; rainfall usually sufficient when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Alpine BalsamDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days during growth; reduce after setting seedMildly toxic to pets
Alpine BartsiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water regularly to prevent drying outMildly toxic to pets
Alpine ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium constantly damp in growth via a shallow tray; reduce sharply when the winter resting bud formsMildly toxic to pets
Alpine CampionBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — water during dry spells; ensure good drainageMildly toxic to pets
Alpine CinquefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; very drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Alpine Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — allow soil surface to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Alpine LiverwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — water when the top centimetre of soil driesMildly toxic to pets
Alpine Mouse-earDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly — allow soil to dry between waterings; minimal winter moisturePet-safe
Alpine PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; water when the top 2 cm of soil are dryMildly toxic to pets
Alpine Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow the top inch of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Alpine RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when in growth (spring–summer); very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Alpine SquillMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water during growth; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Alpine Water FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 4-6 days in summerPet-safe
Alpine WoodsiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 1-2 weeks during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Alternanthera reineckii 'Mini'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged; 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Amalia's Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily to every other day; medium must stay damp but not soddenPet-safe
American Parsley FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist; never allow to fully dry outMildly toxic to pets
American Wall FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days when in growth; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
American Wood AnemoneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during active spring growth; none during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Amethyst PorroglossumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily if mounted; every 1–2 days if potted; do not dry outPet-safe
Anaga MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Anemone coronaria 'Meron Violet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist during active growth and flowering; reduce as foliage yellows toward dormancyToxic to pets
Anemone coronaria 'Mr. Fokker'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist through growth and flowering; reduce as foliage yellows toward dormancyToxic to pets
Anemone coronaria 'The Bride'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist through growth and flowering; reduce as foliage yellows toward dormancyToxic to pets
Angel Frost MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in hot weather; every 2–3 days in spring and autumnPet-safe
Angel's Tears DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water during active growth, dry summer dormancyToxic to pets
Angel's Tears DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during active spring growth; dry dormancy required in summerToxic to pets
Angel's Tears NarcissusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Angelonia angustifolia 'Serenita Raspberry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Angraecum distichumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water roughly every 2-4 days when mounted, or when the bark surface just begins to dryPet-safe
Annual PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; keep soil evenly moist but not saturatedPet-safe
Annual Phlox 'Sugar Stars'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Annual Rainbow PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep medium wet at all times; tray method, water never allowed to dry outPet-safe
Anoectochilus roxburghiiLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist, watering roughly every 3-5 days as the surface begins to dryPet-safe
Anthurium arisaemoidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of mix begins to dry, about every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Anthurium debileMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is just dry, about every 5-8 daysToxic to pets
Antimima dualisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Thorough but infrequent autumn-spring; little or none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Antirrhinum majus 'Twinny Peach'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Anubias barteri var. barteriLow light (north window or shaded room)Submerged full-time; change 20-30% of tank water weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Anubias barteri var. nanaLow light (north window or shaded room)Submerged full-time; change 20-30% of tank water weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Anubias barteri var. nana 'Petite'Low light (north window or shaded room)Submerged full-time; change 20-30% of tank water weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Anubias congensisLow light (north window or shaded room)Submerged full-time; change 20-30% of tank water weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Apennine WindflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Rainfall usually sufficient in woodland settings; water once per week only during dry springsToxic to pets
Apricot Bouquet gloxiniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–10 days; keep evenly moist during active growthPet-safe
Apricot GongoraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist year-round; slight reduction in winterPet-safe
Argyroderma delaetiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)During autumn-to-spring growth let the gritty mix dry fully between soaks; keep dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Argyroderma fissumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Let the gritty mix dry fully between soaks in autumn-to-spring growth; keep dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Argyroderma pearsoniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Let the gritty mix dry fully between soaks in autumn-to-spring growth; keep dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Argyroderma testiculareDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only during active growth (autumn through spring); keep bone-dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Arid Mountain TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the cool growing season (autumn–spring); none in summerToxic to pets
Ariocarpus FissuratusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Very sparingly — when fully dry, roughly every 3-4 weeks in summer; almost none otherwiseMildly toxic to pets
Arizona Chalk DudleyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in winter and early spring; completely dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Armenian SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during the growing season; little to none in winter.Pet-safe
Armored FraileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Aroanian GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal — once every 3 weeks in summer; dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Aromatic DidymocarpusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice a week in the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Asplenium platyneuronLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 2-3 cm is dry; tolerates short dry spells better than most fernsPet-safe
Aster 'Professor Kippenburg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba BullulataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba CongestaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba CorrugataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil has dried out completely — roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba FoliolosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry — roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astroloba SpiralisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry — roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Astrophytum coahuilenseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Athyrium filix-femina 'Minutissimum'Low light (north window or shaded room)Keep consistently moist; water every 4-6 days, more in heatMildly toxic to pets
Atlantic MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; once monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
AuriculaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderately in spring and summer; reduce significantly in autumn and winterToxic to pets
Auricula PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when top 2 cm of soil is dry; more frequent in active growth, sparingly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Autumn ArumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry during autumn-winter growing season; minimal in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Autumn CatchflyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer; reduce in winterPet-safe
Autumn CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — naturally rainfall-dependent; needs dry summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Autumn CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; rarely needs supplementary wateringToxic to pets
Autumn Crocus SpeciosusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall usually sufficient outdoors; water sparingly once per week only if autumn is exceptionally dryMildly toxic to pets
Autumn DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during autumn and spring growth; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Autumn GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — rain-fed onlyMildly toxic to pets
Autumn Pineapple LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Autumn SquillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly; allow soil to dry completely between waterings, roughly every 14-21 days in active seasonToxic to pets
Awl-Leaved Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak weekly; mist 2–3 times per weekPet-safe
Ayabaca MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Azolla filiculoidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Floats permanently on still water; no separate wateringMildly toxic to pets
Azolla pinnataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep floating on still or barely-moving water at all times; top up evaporation weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Aztec CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the potting mix is almost completely dry, roughly every 14-28 days in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Azure Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during active growth; allow to dry out completely in summerMildly toxic to pets
Baboon FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during growth and flowering, dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Baby Tears PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist, watering every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Baby ToesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in summer active season; very rarely in winterPet-safe
Bacopa australisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Grown submersed; do a 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Bahian Earth StarMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Bahian NeoregeliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow potting medium to dry between waterings and keep a small amount of water in the central cupPet-safe
Baker's TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Balkan PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water sparingly, allowing soil to dry fully between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Balkan Rock PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent; drought-tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Balkan SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water at the base only; allow near-drying between wateringsPet-safe
Ball CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, about every 7-10 days in summer; sparingly to none in winterPet-safe
Banded Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in the growing season; reduce to every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Banded HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, sparse in winterPet-safe
Bare-stemmed SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in growing season; withhold in dry rest periodPet-safe
Barla's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; roots should never dry out completelyPet-safe
Barnim's DorsteniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Bartram's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist lightly 3–4 times a week or soak briefly once a weekPet-safe
Baseball PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3-4 weeks in spring/summer; roughly every 6-8 weeks (or less) in winterToxic to pets
Batalin's TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Light to moderate in spring; completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Bearded HuerniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days when actively growing (spring–autumn); minimal in winter (once a month or less)Pet-safe
Bearded TrichodiademaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season (winter-spring); reduce in summer when the plant is semi-dormantPet-safe
Beaugleholes BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate constantly moist year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Beautiful GastrochilusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily misting of roots; soak mounted plants every 2-3 days during active growth; reduce to every 5-7 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Beautiful GraptopetalumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Beautiful Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water only during active growth (late summer through autumn and again briefly in spring); keep dry the rest of the yearPet-safe
Beautiful SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method, keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Beautiful-net LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily to every 2 days; never allow roots to dry out completelyPet-safe
Bedding BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 3-5 daysToxic to pets
BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly wateringToxic to pets
Begonia 'Barkos'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Black Coffee'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Black Mamba'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Black Velvet'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Braveheart'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Charm'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Connee Boswell'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Curly Fireflush'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Duartei'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Escargot' Cocktail SeriesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Fedor'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Fireworks'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Glowing Embers'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Guy Savard'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Harmony's Red Robin'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Helen Teupel'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'It'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Looking Glass'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Martin's Mystery'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Merry Christmas'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Midnight Magic'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Midnight Twist'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Non-Stop Rose'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Nonstop Joy Salmon'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Nonstop Red'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Begonia 'Nonstop Rose Petticoat'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Begonia 'Norah Bedson'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Picotee Lace Pink'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface begins to dry, often every 2-4 days in summer potsToxic to pets
Begonia 'Pin Up Flame'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water when the surface begins to dry, often every 2-4 days in summer potsToxic to pets
Begonia 'Potpourri'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Red Robin'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Selph's Mahogany'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Senator White'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Shamus'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Silver Jewel'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Silver Limbo'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Silver Limbo'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Tiger Paws'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 5-8 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Tiny Gem'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Tom Ment'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Varsity Red'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia 'Zip Code'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia 'Zip'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum 'Cocktail Vodka'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 daysToxic to pets
Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Non-Stop Mocca White'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Nonstop Rose'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Pin-Up Flame'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Begonia AmphioxusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep lightly and evenly moist; water when the top of the substrate begins to dryToxic to pets
Begonia chlorostictaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of mix is just dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia conchifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia hatacoaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 4-6 daysToxic to pets
Begonia imperialisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia microspermaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of mix is just drying, roughly every 4-6 daysToxic to pets
Begonia partitaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysToxic to pets
Begonia pavoninaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently lightly moist, never dry and never soggyToxic to pets
Begonia pustulataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia schmidtianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Begonia sizemoreaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of mix dries slightly, about every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Begonia U-377Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often every 4-6 daysToxic to pets
Benedict's Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days during growth; morning fogging in winter restPet-safe
Bent MasdevalliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 days in warm weather, every 3-4 days in winterPet-safe
Bergeranthus multicepsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in active growth; reduce in peak summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Berlandier's JatrophaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Bertolonia maculataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the mix evenly moist, watering when the top layer just starts to dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Bertolonia MarmorataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist at all times; water as the surface starts to dry, often every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Bethencourt's AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (spring and autumn); sparingly in summer heat and winter restMildly toxic to pets
Beucker's Earth StarMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of potting mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Big Kiss Yellow Flame GazaniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Bird-in-a-bushMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate in spring during active growth; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Bird's Foot FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 2-4 weeks (very drought-tolerant once established)Mildly toxic to pets
Bird's Foot FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow the top half of soil to dry out between waterings, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Bird's Nest CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, every 7-14 days in summerPet-safe
Biting PorroglossumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every other day; medium must not dry outPet-safe
BitterrootDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Winter rains / early spring only; bone dry from June to OctoberPet-safe
Bitterroot LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in spring; monthly or less in summer dormancyPet-safe
Black Fang BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days; allow top 2–3 cm to dryToxic to pets
Black Flowering SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist to wet; water whenever the surface begins to dryPet-safe
Black Mondo GrassBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Black Mondo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once a week during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Black Prince EcheveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Black-stemmed SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top centimetre of substrate feels dryPet-safe
BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly wet — never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Blanket Flower 'Goblin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days; minimal once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blister plantLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 3–5 days; never allow to dry outPet-safe
Blochman's LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the cool growing season (October–April); virtually none in summerPet-safe
Blood BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep cup filled; refresh every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Blood-Cupped PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blood-red BertoloniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–6 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Blood-red GuzmaniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Refill tank every 5–7 days; flush monthlyPet-safe
Blood-red RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; keep medium consistently lightly moistPet-safe
Blue EcheveriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Blue FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Blue Frills cape primroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Blue Melon CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Blue Moor GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly while establishing; rarely thereafter except in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Blue Mouse Ears HostaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist, watering when the top 2-3 cm begins to dry, often weekly or more in summerToxic to pets
Blue-Flowered Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once or twice weeklyPet-safe
Bluff LettuceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in winter/spring; very little to none in summerPet-safe
Blume's TyphoniumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate when in growth; withhold completely in dormancyToxic to pets
Blunt GreenhoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep lightly moist during active growth (autumn–spring), roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Blushing Dunce CapBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; very sparingly in autumn; almost none in winterPet-safe
Boat-Leaf OrthophytumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growth; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Boat-Shaped OrthophytumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate; water every 7–10 days, allowing the medium to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Boea HygroscopicaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Boehmer's Dunce CapBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer (active growing season); once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Bogner's BucephalandraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep substrate or media consistently moist; do not allow to dry out between wateringsToxic to pets
Boissier's SilverbushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Boivin's PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; every 4–6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Boke's Button CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix has been dry for several days; roughly every 14-28 days in the growing season and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Bolbitis heudelotiiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged; 30-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Bolivian SunsetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–5 days in growth; reduce in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Bolus' StomatiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Very sparingly in summer; every 2–3 weeks in autumn–springPet-safe
Bon Bon Mix Pot MarigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Borchers' OroyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Borchers' SchwantesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the autumn-winter growing season; taper to monthly in spring; almost none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Boulder Blue FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Bracteate RhinephyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring–summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Bracted PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Bradley's SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1–2 cm of substrate dries outPet-safe
Brain CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in spring and summer; nearly dry through winterPet-safe
Brassavola digbyanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth; far less in winter rest, every 2-3 weeksPet-safe
Brazilian EdelweissBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top few cm of soil are dry during active growth; withhold during dormancyPet-safe
Brazilian Micro SwordBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged aquatic plantPet-safe
Brazilian SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2–3 cm of compost feel dryPet-safe
Brigham's SpeckliniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; allow medium to barely dry between wateringsPet-safe
Bright Bikinis strawflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow soil to dry slightly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Bright Bikinis StrawflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Bristle-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days (allow top half of soil to dry)Pet-safe
Bristle-Leaved Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak weekly; mist 2–3 times per week in dry conditionsPet-safe
Bristly LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; medium kept consistently moistPet-safe
Britten's Tiger JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (late summer–autumn); minimal in winter and springPet-safe
Britten's Tiger JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (autumn to spring); once a month or less in summerPet-safe
Broad-leaved AnubiasLow light (north window or shaded room)Aquatic or emersed; submersed specimens require stable aquarium water; emersed plants need consistently moist conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Broad-leaved Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during active spring growth; allow to dry out during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Broad-Leaved Grape HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low once established; moderate during active growthToxic to pets
Broad-Leaved PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly throughout the growing season; reduced in winterToxic to pets
Broadway's Melon CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Brown SpiderwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Browning CoelogyneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Evenly moist in the growing season (mid-spring to early autumn); water every 3–4 weeks in winter restPet-safe
Bruch's Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Bucephalandra 'Brownie Ghost'Low light (north window or shaded room)Continuously submerged; 20-30% aquarium water change weeklyToxic to pets
Bucephalandra CatherineaeLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep the rhizome and roots constantly moist; mist emersed plants daily or run a sealed terrariumMildly toxic to pets
Bucephalandra MotleyanaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep roots and rhizome continuously moist; mist daily when emersed or grow submergedMildly toxic to pets
Buchholtz's BillbergiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks (soil); cup refreshed every 3–4 weeksPet-safe
Buchholz's TylecodonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days when actively growing (autumn–spring); once per month or less in summerToxic to pets
Bud-bearing TrisetellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface is just barely drying, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Buddha's TempleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Bueck's ThelocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Buffalo Cow CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, approximately every 14-21 days in summerPet-safe
Buining's UebelmanniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks or less in winterPet-safe
Bulbophyllum barbigerumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2-4 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Bulbophyllum Elizabeth AnnMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2-4 days; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Bulbophyllum falcatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the roots and medium approach dryness, roughly every 2-4 days when mounted, less in potsPet-safe
Bulbophyllum vaginatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water as the medium approaches dryness, around every 2-4 days; daily when mounted in heatPet-safe
Bulbous ButtercupDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once weekly or less; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Bulbous CorydalisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Rely on natural rainfall during spring growth; no irrigation needed once dormant in summerToxic to pets
Bulbous TrichodiademaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during spring and summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Bullate NautilocalyxMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days in the growing season; reduce to once weekly in autumn–winterPet-safe
Burchard's CarallumaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and autumn; very sparingly in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Burser's SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Bushy AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–15 days in summer (growing season); once monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Button CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Button CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Button fernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Button PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Byzantine ColchicumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; do not water during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Byzantine Meadow SaffronBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; needs no supplementary watering once establishedToxic to pets
Cadiz ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; very rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Caladium 'Florida Sweetheart'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in leaf, watering when the top 2 cm is dry (often every 4-7 days)Toxic to pets
Caladium 'Puppy Love'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-6 days in active growthToxic to pets
Caladium Miss MuffetBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during active growth, roughly every 3-5 daysToxic to pets
Calathea MicansBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 days in growthPet-safe
Calathea UndulataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil starts to dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Calathea Undulata 'Wavestar'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil dries, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Calathea WiotiiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil dries, about every 5-7 days while actively growingPet-safe
Calceolaria HerbeohybridaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost feels dry, roughly every 2-4 days while in flowerMildly toxic to pets
California Fawn LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular in spring growing season; minimal during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
California SunsetDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn/winterPet-safe
Callisia Repens 'Pink Lady'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 6-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Callous-lipped Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of mix becomes dry, roughly every 5-7 days year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Callus Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top of the mix begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Caltha palustris 'Flore Pleno'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep wet at all times; saturated soil or shallow waterToxic to pets
Cambodian SonerilaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–7 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Canada MayflowerLow light (north window or shaded room)2–3 times per week during the growing season; minimal in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Canada VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; more frequently in warm or dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Canary Island MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 weeks in spring and summer; once monthly or less in autumn and winterMildly toxic to pets
Candia SulcorebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; virtually none from October to MarchPet-safe
Candy Cane SorrelDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Canigueral's Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once a month during winter dormancyPet-safe
Cantabrian DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Canyon LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in winter/spring; minimal to none in summerPet-safe
Cape jewelsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in containers; every 5–7 days in bordersPet-safe
Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 7–10 days in the growing season, every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Cape Primrose 'Bristol's Party Girl'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Cape SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist; never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Cape SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate continuously moist via the tray method — sit pot in 1–2 cm of water at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Caralluma acutangulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Caralluma europaeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry October-MarchMildly toxic to pets
Caralluma hesperidumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is bone-dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Caralluma speciosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 7-12 days in summer heat; minimal water in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cardinal Flower SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Carla Black's AnthuriumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm (about 1 inch) of substrate dries outToxic to pets
Carmen's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the spring-summer growing season when the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterPet-safe
Carol's RuschiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in spring-summer; once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Carolina Mosquito FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Aquatic — free-floating on still or slow-moving water permanentlyPet-safe
Carolina Spring BeautyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during active spring growth; essentially none during summer–winter dormancy.Pet-safe
Carrot-leaved PelargoniumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2–3 cm of compost is dry during growth (autumn–spring); completely dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Castilian Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly every 10-14 days in the growing season; almost none from late autumn to springMildly toxic to pets
Cat's JawsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth and much less in summer restMildly toxic to pets
Cat's JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10–14 days in spring and summer; reduce to once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cat's-earDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — very drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Catesby's TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist in spring; reduce after summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Catharanthus roseus 'Titan Polka Dot'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 daysToxic to pets
Cattleya 'Why Not'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark dries, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Cattleya luteolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix approaches dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Cattleya walkerianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is nearly dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growth; reduced after floweringPet-safe
Caucasian DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only when soil is dryMildly toxic to pets
Cautley RoscoeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry during the growing season, approximately every 7-14 days; reduce to very low or none in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Cavendish's TrichocentrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in growth; every 14-21 days during the winter restPet-safe
Celosia argentea var. plumosa 'Fresh Look Yellow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Century Yellow Feather CelosiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Cephalophyllum tricolorumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep nearly dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Cephalotus follicularis 'Eden Black'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep lightly moist; let the surface just begin to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Ceratopteris thalictroidesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged; 25-40% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Chain PleurothallisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 days; do not allow to dry completelyPet-safe
Chalk MilkwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Chamaeranthemum gaudichaudiiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist, watering when the surface just begins to dry, about every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Chamaeranthemum venosumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist, watering as the surface starts to dry, about every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Chanet's Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Chaparensis MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in hot weather; every 2–3 days in cooler seasonsPet-safe
Cheiridopsis candidissimaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Autumn through spring; keep dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Cheiridopsis denticulataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Autumn through spring; keep dry through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Cheiridopsis pillansiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only during autumn-to-spring growth when soil is fully dry; near-zero in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Cheiridopsis robustaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)During autumn-spring growth when soil is bone dry; withhold through summerMildly toxic to pets
Cheiridopsis turbinataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)In autumn-spring growth once soil is fully dry; minimal in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Chilean Blue CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering during the spring growing season; completely dry from late spring through late autumnMildly toxic to pets
Chilean ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water from below by brief tray sitting every 5-10 days when the soil surface begins to dry; dry out slightly between waterings in winterPet-safe
Chiltern GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal supplementary watering needed; moderate natural rainfall is adequateMildly toxic to pets
Chimera Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Continuously moist; water every 1–2 days; never allow to dry outPet-safe
Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn; withhold in winterPet-safe
Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Chinese Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
Chinese Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (spring–summer); sparingly in winterPet-safe
Chinese JadeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks (allow soil to dry completely between waterings)Mildly toxic to pets
Chinese money plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Chinese TylecodonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (autumn–spring); minimal or none in summerToxic to pets
Chionodoxa luciliaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; rarely needs wateringMildly toxic to pets
Chirita 'Aiko'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Chirita micromusaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the soil surface just begins to dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Chirita sinensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Chive-Leaved ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Christmas Carol AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Christmas Jewels BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh central cup weekly; water soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Cigarette PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn through early spring; none or near-none in summerPet-safe
Cilician ColchicumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rely on natural rainfall during growth; keep dry in summer dormancy (June–August)Toxic to pets
Cilician Meadow SaffronDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry between waterings, roughly every 14-21 days in active growthToxic to pets
Cilician Winter AconiteMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moist during late winter and spring growth; dry to moderate when dormantToxic to pets
Cistus-Flowered SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water regularly via the tray method throughout autumn–spring active growth; cease watering entirely from late spring through summer dormancy.Pet-safe
Clamshell OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; allow the mix to almost dry before rewettingPet-safe
Clamshell OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Cleft AntegibbaeumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the leaves begin to wrinkle slightly, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season (autumn-spring); almost none in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Cleopatra BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Cliff African violetBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Cliff African VioletBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Cliff Brake FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow the top half of the soil to dry out between waterings, roughly every 10-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Cloth of Gold SaxifrageMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; reduce in winterPet-safe
Cloud LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks in cool season (October–April); completely withheld June–SeptemberPet-safe
Clubmoss cassiopeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly; soil should remain consistently moist throughout the growing seasonPet-safe
Clustered DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in summer; reduce sharply to monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Clustered Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly to fortnightly in active growth (spring–autumn); minimal in winter dormancyPet-safe
Clustered Silver SkinDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during autumn–early winter growth; minimal in spring; completely withheld in summerPet-safe
Clustered SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during the growing season; withhold entirely during dormancyPet-safe
Clustered SpeckliniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Coarctata HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Coast Rock CressDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the growing season; reduce to monthly or less when summer-dormantPet-safe
Cob CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; virtually none in winterPet-safe
Cobweb HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, every 10-14 days in growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Coconut-Scented BulbophyllumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–4 days during growth; every 6–10 days in winterPet-safe
Cocoon PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks during active growth (spring and autumn); once a month in summer and winterToxic to pets
Coelogyne nitidaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water 2-3 times weekly in growth; reduce to roughly weekly in the cool winter restMildly toxic to pets
Coffee-leaf AnubiasLow light (north window or shaded room)Submerged aquatic — routine 20-30% weekly water changes are recommended.Toxic to pets
Coin-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; reduce to every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Colima ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 5–7 days; allow the surface to slightly dry between wateringsPet-safe
Columbia LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; reduce in late summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Columbian PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Column AubrietaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during spring growth; very sparingly in summerPet-safe
Common African VioletBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of potting mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Common blue violetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–10 days; tolerates wet soilPet-safe
Common ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet in the growing season; stand in shallow pure waterMildly toxic to pets
Common Foxtail CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 10-21 days in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Common Grape HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly in spring during active growth; dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Common Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall typically sufficient; water lightly once per week only in very dry springsToxic to pets
Common HepaticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; reduce in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Common HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when in active growth; withhold water during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Common MilkwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Common NardooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently in water or wet mudToxic to pets
Common Saltmarsh GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tidal — periodic saltwater floodingPet-safe
Common SnowdropMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Naturally moisture-retentive soil; supplemental watering in dry spells during growthToxic to pets
Common Star of BethlehemDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; self-sufficient in a UK garden once establishedToxic to pets
Common Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Naturally rain-fed; no supplemental watering needed for wild or meadow plantingsMildly toxic to pets
Common Water HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Free-floating aquatic — roots permanently submerged in open waterPet-safe
Common Water StarwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged or marginalPet-safe
Common Water StarwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fully submerged or surface-floating — permanent aquaticMildly toxic to pets
Compact AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 days in summer; every 7–14 days in winterPet-safe
Compact bog rosemaryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; never allow to dry outToxic to pets
Comparettia falcataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep roots evenly moist, watering as they approach (but before they reach) dryness, often every 2-3 daysMildly toxic to pets
Compressed PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow compost to dry substantially between waterings)Pet-safe
Compton's GibbaeumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in autumn and spring (active growth); withheld or near-dry in summer and reduced in winterPet-safe
Compton's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly every 2-4 weeks in summer; none from late autumn through winter leaf renewalPet-safe
Concrete LeafDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; every 1-2 weeks in active growth (autumn/spring), nearly dry in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Confetti Polka Dot PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; reduce in winterPet-safe
Confused HuerniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days during active growth (spring–autumn); once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Conophytum (Living Pebbles)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Only when soil is bone-dry during the autumn-to-spring growth season; keep nearly dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum CalculusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)During autumn-to-spring growth, every 1-2 weeks; none through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum ficiformeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Lightly in autumn and winter when in growth; keep dry through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum MinutumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)During the cool-season growth (autumn to spring), every 1-2 weeks; kept dry through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum ObcordellumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Seasonally; water in autumn and winter growth, keep dry through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum PageaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Through autumn-to-spring growth, every 1-2 weeks; withheld over summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum PellucidumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)During autumn-to-spring growth, every 1-2 weeks; withheld over summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum UviformeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Only during the cool autumn-to-spring growing season, roughly every 10-14 days when soil is dry; kept dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Conophytum wettsteiniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Lightly in autumn and winter during growth; keep dry through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Constricted MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in summer heat; every 2–3 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Cooper's HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-3 weeks in spring/summer; about once a month in winterPet-safe
Cooper's Haworthia (Pilifera)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, far less in winterPet-safe
Copiapoa cinereaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when fully dry in summer, roughly every 2-3 weeks; little to none in winterPet-safe
Copiapoa humilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep bone-dry in winterPet-safe
Copiapoa hypogaeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when fully dry in summer, roughly every 2-3 weeks; little to none in winterPet-safe
Copiapoa krainzianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Copper Angel MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week; keep substrate slightly moistPet-safe
Copper Leaf PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce significantly in dormancyPet-safe
Copper Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; rain-triggeredToxic to pets
Coquimbo CopiapoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Electra'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Lime Rickey'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days during active growthPet-safe
Coral Bells 'Obsidian'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 5-7 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Coris-Leaved St John's WortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly once establishedToxic to pets
Corkscrew PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet — stand the pot in 2-4 cm of water at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Corsican Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Coryphantha ElephantidensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is fully dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Coryphantha macromerisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Coryphantha viviparaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Cotyledon EliseaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Cotyledon PapillarisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
CowslipMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly in active growth, reduce to once weekly when dormant in summerToxic to pets
Cowslip OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Lightly during autumn to spring growth; completely dry during summer dormancyPet-safe
Crane's Bill Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water lightly; allow the soil surface to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Crassula AlstoniiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth and barely at all in dormancyToxic to pets
Crassula ColumnarisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth and almost none during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Crassula ColumnellaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growthToxic to pets
Crassula HemisphaericaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; less in summer restToxic to pets
Crassula NudicaulisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Crassula PyramidalisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly, only when soil is bone dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; nearly dry over summer restToxic to pets
Crassula SetulosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Crassula SocialisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Crater ArgyrodermaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks in the autumn–winter growing period; none from May through AugustPet-safe
Creeping Globe DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when actively growing; minimal in winterPet-safe
Creeping GlobulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14 days during active growth; virtually none in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Creeping New Zealand CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Crested CatasetumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Daily to every-other-day during growth; stop during dormancyPet-safe
Crested GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; keep soil consistently moist during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Crested VandaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily to every other day in summer; every 3-5 days in winterPet-safe
CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Natural rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Crocus 'Jeanne d'Arc'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rely on natural rainfall; water only during a dry autumn after planting or a droughty springMildly toxic to pets
Crocus 'Pickwick'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Depend on rainfall; supplemental water only during a dry spell right after autumn planting or active spring growthMildly toxic to pets
Crocus chrysanthus 'Cream Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rely on rainfall; water only during a dry establishment period after planting or a droughty springMildly toxic to pets
Crocus tommasinianus 'Ruby Giant'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-reliant; water only briefly during a dry autumn establishment or droughty early springMildly toxic to pets
Cross PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Cross-leaved Heath Alba MollisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 5–7 days in dry spellsPet-safe
Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; none from late autumn through winterPet-safe
Cryptanthus 'Black Mystic'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Cryptanthus 'Pink Starlight'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Cryptanthus 'Ruby'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Cryptanthus acaulisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Cryptanthus bromelioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly weeklyPet-safe
Cryptanthus zonatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Cryptocoryne albidaLow light (north window or shaded room)Fully submerged; 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne beckettiiLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne lucensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Continuously submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne nuriiLow light (north window or shaded room)Submerged: keep continuously immersed; 25-30% weekly water changes. Emersed: keep substrate constantly moist, never drying outToxic to pets
Cryptocoryne parvaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Continuously submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne pontederiifoliaLow light (north window or shaded room)Permanently submerged; 25-30% weekly water changeMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne spiralisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Continuously submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne undulataLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Brown'Low light (north window or shaded room)Continuously submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Green'Low light (north window or shaded room)Submerged full-time; change 20-30% of tank water weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Red'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Continuously submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Crystal ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water lightly every 5–10 days during the carnivorous growing phase; allow to nearly dry between waterings in summer succulent-leaf phasePet-safe
Crystal Palace lobeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, typically every 2-3 days in summerToxic to pets
Crystal Palace LobeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 3-5 daysToxic to pets
Cuban Melon CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Curled Air PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)2–4 times weekly in summer, weekly in winterPet-safe
Curly BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top of the sphagnum moss begins to lose moistureToxic to pets
Curly RacinaeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist thoroughly 3-4 times per week or submerge in water for 20 minutes twice weeklyPet-safe
Cushion Aloe HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 7-12 days in summer, much less in winterPet-safe
Cushion Baby's BreathDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; very sparingly or not at all in winterMildly toxic to pets
Cushion DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; soil must dry between wateringsPet-safe
Cushion SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Cushion ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Cut Eye-leafDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in the autumn-spring growing season when the body shows light wrinkling; completely dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Cuthbertson's DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium surface begins to dry, roughly every 1-3 daysPet-safe
Cutleaf FleabaneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during active growth; very little in winterPet-safe
Cutleaf ToothwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during the active growth period (March–May); none needed once dormant in summer.Pet-safe
CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil surface feels dry, roughly every 5-10 days in bloomToxic to pets
Cyclamen 'Victoria'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the compost feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days while in growthToxic to pets
Cyclamen-flowered DaffodilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during autumn to late spring; dry summer dormancyToxic to pets
Cylindric ArumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry during the growing season; cease watering during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Cylindrical Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly; almost none in winterPet-safe
Cymbidium Golden Elf 'Sundust'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4-7 days in growth; every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Cystopteris fragilisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist while in growth, watering when the top 1-2 cm of soil dries, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
DaffodilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate during active growth (autumn–spring); dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Daghestan SageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Dalstroem's Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting or watering; roots must remain continuously moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Danford IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in late winter and early spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Dark CatasetumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during growth; reduced but not stopped in winterPet-safe
Dark-purple PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top third of compost feels dryMildly toxic to pets
Darwin's SlipperBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderately — water when the top of the compost is barely dryMildly toxic to pets
Darwin's Slipper PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the growing medium dries slightlyMildly toxic to pets
Davis's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface barely begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Daybreak Red Stripe Treasure FlowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Daylily 'Bitsy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during the growing season; reduce to once every 2-3 weeks as foliage dies backToxic to pets
Daylily 'Little Grapette'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-10 days during active growth; every 2-3 weeks in dormancyToxic to pets
Daylily 'Stella de Oro'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during the growing seasonToxic to pets
Debbie GraptoveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Deceptive MammillariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Delicate Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak for 20–30 minutes once a weekPet-safe
Delphinium grandiflorum 'Blue Butterfly'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 4-7 days; keep soil moist but well-drained, avoiding extremesToxic to pets
Delta DraculaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2-3 days, never allowing roots to dry out completelyPet-safe
Delta Pure White pansyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in warm weather; weekly in cool, wet conditionsPet-safe
Dendrobium 'Berry Oda'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark is nearly dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Dendrochilum cobbianumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2-3 times per week, allowing only slight drying between wateringsPet-safe
Dendrochilum filiformeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2-3 times per week, letting the medium dry only slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Dendrochilum glumaceumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2-3 times per week, letting the medium dry only slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Denison's VandaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Abundant watering in active growth (spring–summer); reduce to light morning fogging every few days in winterPet-safe
Dense TrichodiademaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn and spring flowering seasons; reduced to monthly or less in summer and winterPet-safe
Derby SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Standing tray method (growing season); reduced to near-dry (rest)Pet-safe
Desert Privet PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Dianthus 'Mrs Sinkins'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top few cm of soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Dianthus deltoidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when soil is dry; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Dianthus gratianopolitanus 'Firewitch'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when soil is dry; very drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
Diapensia-Like SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — water sparingly in spring and summer; virtually none in winterPet-safe
Dickie's Bladder FernLow light (north window or shaded room)2-3 times per week in the growing season; reduce in winter dormancyPet-safe
Didier's AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)3–5 times per week in summer; reduce markedly in December–January after floweringPet-safe
Dimpled Trout LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist from emergence to dormancy (late winter to late spring)Mildly toxic to pets
Dinter's Eye PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn through late winter; none in summerPet-safe
Dinter's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks in summer growing season; none during autumn-winter leaf renewalPet-safe
Dinteranthus microspermusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly in late-summer through autumn growth; near-dry the rest of the yearPet-safe
Dinteranthus pole-evansiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal, only during late-summer to autumn growth; dry otherwisePet-safe
Dinteranthus puberulusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Lightly in late-summer to autumn growth; near-dry the rest of the yearPet-safe
Dinteranthus vanzyliiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly during late-summer to autumn growth; dry otherwisePet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'Akai Ryu'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand in 1-2 cm of pure water while growingPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'B52'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand in 1-2 cm of pure water in the growing seasonPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'Cupped Trap'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep media constantly damp; sit in 1-2 cm of water in the growing season, less in dormancyPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'Dentate Traps'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist; tray-water with pure waterPet-safe
Dionaea muscipula 'Red Dragon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist; tray-water with pure waterPet-safe
Disc CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix has been completely dry for a few days, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; almost no water from October to MarchPet-safe
Distant-Flowered DyckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and every 30-45 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Divergent VanheerdeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in the autumn-spring growing season when the leaves show slight wrinkling; completely dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Dodson's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting or every 1-2 days; never allow to dry outPet-safe
Dog's Tooth VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during active growth; minimal when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Dollbaby miniature gloxiniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–8 days; keep evenly moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Dorothy's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in summer (active growth); none from mid-autumn to late spring during restPet-safe
Dorothy's Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water only when the new leaf pair is actively growing (late summer to autumn); completely dry at all other timesPet-safe
Dotted NeoregeliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Maintain water in the central cup; water the potting medium lightly and allow it to dry slightlyPet-safe
Dotted PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Double BloodrootMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during spring growth; withhold or greatly reduce during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Double Marsh MarigoldBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently moist to standing water 0–5 cm deepMildly toxic to pets
Double-Flowered BloodrootMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate in spring; reduce as plant approaches dormancy in summerToxic to pets
Douglas's PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — allow soil to partially dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Dove MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; the root zone must remain continuously moistPet-safe
Dove's-Foot CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only during extended droughtPet-safe
Downy Painted CupDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequently, once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Downy Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly; nearly dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Downy Yellow VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Dreaming Air PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Mist 2–3 times per week; soak weeklyPet-safe
Drooping Star of BethlehemBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; rainfall usually sufficient in temperate gardensToxic to pets
Drooping Star of BethlehemMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Drosera anglicaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly saturated; stand in 1-3 cm of pure water through the growing seasonPet-safe
Drosera binata 'Multifida Extrema'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep media constantly wet; stand in 1-2 cm of water via the tray method in growth, drier in winterMildly toxic to pets
Drosera burmanniDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep media constantly wet; stand in 1-2 cm of pure water at all times in growthPet-safe
Drosera capensis 'Alba'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly wet, standing the pot in 1-2 cm of water (tray method) at all timesPet-safe
Drosera capensis 'Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep media constantly wet; stand in 1-2 cm of water year-round via the tray methodMildly toxic to pets
Drosera FiliformisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand the pot in 1-2 cm of pure water during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Drosera intermediaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently saturated; stand in 1-3 cm of pure water at all times during growthPet-safe
Drosera schizandraLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep media permanently moist but not waterlogged; mist or top-water with pure water frequentlyPet-safe
Drosera tokaiensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media constantly wet; stand in 1-2 cm of pure water at all times in growthPet-safe
dryas primulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in spring–summer; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Duclouxs PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Dutchman's BreechesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days in spring; none needed once dormantToxic to pets
Duvalia caespitosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Duvalia corderoyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Duvalia politaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, around every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf AntimimaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly in summer; moderately in autumn–springPet-safe
Dwarf AnubiasLow light (north window or shaded room)Permanently aquatic or emersed in high-humidity environments; stable water conditions maintained with regular partial water changesMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Baby TearsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully submerged — permanent aquatic plantPet-safe
Dwarf Bearded IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during active growth; minimal in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 5–8 days in the growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Caribbean gesneriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days; do not allow to dry outPet-safe
Dwarf Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Dwarf ChiritaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Dwarf CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — dry Mediterranean dormancy essential; water only at planting and rely on winter rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf EdraianthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow to dry thoroughly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf FraileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 12-16 days in summerPet-safe
Dwarf HenckeliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice a week in the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Dwarf HorsetailMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently wet; stand pot in water trayMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Kacip FatimahLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 1 cm of medium is drying; every 4–6 days in warm conditions, less frequently in cooler or lower-light conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Lady's MantleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during the growing season; established plants tolerate some droughtPet-safe
Dwarf LewisiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during spring growth; completely dry in summerPet-safe
Dwarf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Dwarf RemusatiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; reduce significantly during dormancyToxic to pets
Dwarf Rose-stripe StarBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water soil when top 2-3 cm dries out, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Dwarf Rose-Stripe StarMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Dwarf Solomon's SealMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; less when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Sweet FlagMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently moist to wet; tolerate shallow submersionPet-safe
Dwarf Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil permanently moist; water as soon as the surface feels barely dryMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks during the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Dwarf TrilliumLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist from spring emergence until dormancy; minimal watering once dormantMildly toxic to pets
Dwarf TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; water at planting then only if soil dries out completely; cease watering after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Dwarf VandaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily to every 2 days in active growth; every 3–4 days in winterPet-safe
Dwarf Water CloverMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged or in saturated substrateMildly toxic to pets
Dyckia leptostachyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Dyer's Air PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting plus weekly soakPet-safe
Dyer's Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growing season; reduce to monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Dynastes MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when medium approaches dryness, roughly every 1-2 days in warm monthsPet-safe
Early SquillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during active growth; keep drier in summerToxic to pets
Earth StarBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Earth-colored Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the active autumn-to-spring period; none in summerPet-safe
Easter Lily CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil dries, roughly weekly to fortnightly in summer; keep almost dry in winterPet-safe
Eastern CyclamenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Minimal in summer dormancy; rely on rainfall during autumn–spring growthToxic to pets
Ebracteola montis-moltkeiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep nearly dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
EcheveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Echeveria 'Afterglow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Blue Atoll'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Chroma'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer and much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Cubic Frost'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Dondo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, around every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Duchess of Nürnberg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Ice Green'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, far less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Lola'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in the growing season; much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Lola'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Echeveria 'Meridian'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, far less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Minima'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summerPet-safe
Echeveria 'Mira'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer and rarely in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Neon Breakers'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Orion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, far less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Perle d'Azur'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Perle von Nurnberg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in growth; less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Perle von Nürnberg'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria 'Purple Pearl'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-3 weeks in growth and much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Tarantula'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria 'Tsunami'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summerPet-safe
Echeveria 'Violet Queen'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria agavoidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria agavoides 'Ebony'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria colorataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria harmsiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria lilacinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth and far less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria pallidaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer and much less in winterPet-safe
Echeveria pulidonisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria setosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Echeveria shavianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Echeveria strictifloraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Echeveria subsessilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and monthly in winterPet-safe
Echeveria subsessilis 'Morning Beauty'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summerPet-safe
Echidna OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting if mounted; every 1–2 days if pottedPet-safe
Echinacea 'Pixie Meadowbrite'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during establishment; every 10–14 days when establishedPet-safe
Echinocereus pectinatusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; none in winterPet-safe
Echinocereus rigidissimusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Echinodorus 'Vesuvius'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Submerged aquatic; keep continuously underwater with a 25-30% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Echinodorus tenellusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; 25-30% weekly water changeMildly toxic to pets
EdelweissDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; reduce to almost nothing in winterPet-safe
Eden Valley bell heatherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly when establishing; every 2–3 weeks once establishedPet-safe
Edithcolea grandisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, about every 10-14 days in warm growth; keep dry below 15CMildly toxic to pets
Ehlers' ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Careful watering from below; drier in winterPet-safe
Elegant Ball CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Elegant Peacock GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-8 days in the growing season; cease watering during winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Elegant Turk's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; reduce to every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Eleocharis acicularisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; 25-50% weekly water changesMildly toxic to pets
Eleocharis parvulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; 25-50% weekly water changesMildly toxic to pets
Eleocharis sp. 'Mini'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged; 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Elkhorn PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Elongated Sun PitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soil kept consistently moist to wet year-round; shallow tray method acceptableMildly toxic to pets
Elymaitic RosulariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring/summer; monthly or less in autumn/winterMildly toxic to pets
Emei Mountain BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; reduce significantly in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Emerald Spike MossMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the soil consistently, evenly moist — never let it dry outPet-safe
Empress of India NasturtiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Encrusted SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; rarely in winterPet-safe
Endres's BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate continuously moist; water every 1–3 days or as sphagnum surface begins to dry slightlyMildly toxic to pets
Engraved Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late summer through autumn (active growth); withheld or near-zero from May through AugustPet-safe
Entire-leaved PrimroseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in spring; minimal in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Epidendrum porpaxBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly, lightly moist year-round; mist or water mounts daily to every few daysPet-safe
Erect Moss FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Ermine StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days during the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Ernest's Turk's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during summer; reduce to once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Ernst's SpurflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Eryngium planum 'Blue Hobbit'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Drought-tolerant once established; water new plants until rootedMildly toxic to pets
Erythronium 'Pagoda'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil cool and evenly moist in spring; never let bulbs dry out completelyMildly toxic to pets
Escargot Rex BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysToxic to pets
Eschscholzia californica 'Thai Silk Rose Chiffon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry several centimetres down, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Escobar's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Escobar's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting or near-daily watering; substrate should never fully dry outPet-safe
Etched Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the autumn–spring growing period; completely dry through June–AugustPet-safe
Euphorbia aeruginosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in summer and monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia bupleurifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry while in leaf and active growth; keep nearly dry while leafless and dormantToxic to pets
Euphorbia clavarioidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep bone-dry in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia columnarisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in warm growth, roughly every 2-3 weeks; almost none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia cylindrifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry in the growing season, roughly every 1-2 weeks; sparing in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia decaryiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in the growing season, sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia esculentaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia flanaganiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in the growing season, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia francoisiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in the growing season, sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia globosaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth, almost none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia gorgonisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth, near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia groenewaldiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in the growing season, about every 2-3 weeks; almost none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia knuthiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in growth, about every 2-3 weeks; keep nearly dry in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia mammillarisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia meloformisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Euphorbia obesa subsp. symmetricaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth; nearly dry over winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia piscidermisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly, only when bone dry, roughly every 3 weeks in growth, nearly none in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia pulvinataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia stellataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly when fully dry in growth, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; none while dormantToxic to pets
Euphorbia suzannaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in summer, sparse in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia symmetricaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth, near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Euphorbia tortiramaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry during growth, roughly every 2-3 weeks; keep dry in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Euphorbia validaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth, near-zero in winterToxic to pets
Everflame Hook SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry weather and keep containers from drying outMildly toxic to pets
Exquisite MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–3 days depending on season and medium; do not allow to dryPet-safe
Eyelash BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm (1 inch) of soil is dry, roughly weekly in summerToxic to pets
Eyelash BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil is dryToxic to pets
Fairies' ThimblesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during active growth; less in winterPet-safe
fairy apronsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media constantly wet; use the tray method year-roundPet-safe
Fairy FlaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — rainfall is generally sufficient; water only during severe summer droughtMildly toxic to pets
Falconer's SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Deep tray (growing season); very reduced (rest)Pet-safe
False Comb CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and essentially none in winterPet-safe
False Pereskia PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; reduce to every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
False PeyoteDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; minimal or none in winterPet-safe
False shamrockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Fan Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times per week, or a 15–20 minute soak once a weekPet-safe
Faucaria BosscheanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth and far less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Faucaria lupinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, mainly in spring and autumn growth; reduce in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Faucaria TuberculosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Feather CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Feathery Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist lightly every 2–3 days in warm conditions; reduce to every 4–5 days in cooler weather.Pet-safe
Fenestraria AurantiacaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly, roughly every 2-3 weeks during autumn-to-spring growth and withheld through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Fenestraria RhopalophyllaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the leaves start to wrinkle, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth and almost never in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Fern-Leaf BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil begins to dryToxic to pets
Ferocactus glaucescensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Ferocactus latispinusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Few-fruited Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Few-Ribbed MatucanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, every 7-14 days in summerPet-safe
Few-Toothed Tiger JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during active growth (late summer–autumn); sparingly in winter and springPet-safe
Fida's WeingartiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summer; suspend almost entirely from mid-autumn through winter.Pet-safe
Fiebrig's Crown CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 days in spring and summer; every 4-6 weeks in autumn; minimal to none in winterPet-safe
Field marigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly during dry spells; self-sufficient once establishedPet-safe
Field Wood RushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)No supplemental watering needed in typical temperate climates; relies on natural rainfallPet-safe
Fiery MasdevalliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily in warm weather; every 3–5 days in cool/winter monthsPet-safe
Fiesta Double Pink ImpatiensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep compost evenly moist at all times; water every 1-2 days in warm weather as double-flowered types are slightly more moisture-demanding than singlesMildly toxic to pets
Filmy Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in summer, every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Fine-lined Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in autumn to early spring only; completely withheld in summer and mid-winterPet-safe
Finger CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil has dried fully, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Finger MesembDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in autumn through spring when the substrate is fully dry; essentially none during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Fingered SedgeLow light (north window or shaded room)Moderate; keep moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Fire Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; withhold entirely in winterPet-safe
Firecracker plantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days; never allow soil to dry fullyPet-safe
Fishhook BarrelDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
FittoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1 cm of soil is dry, every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Fittonia 'White Anne'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, typically every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Fitzgerald's SarcochilusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3-5 days during the growing season; every 7-10 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Five-angled PipewortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully submerged; 30-40% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Flag Pansy OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium is nearly dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerPet-safe
Flag-bearer DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When medium begins to dry, approximately every 2-4 days in active growthPet-safe
Flat-Leaved CrassulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Flat-Leaved DyckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the compost is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summerPet-safe
Flat-Leaved RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Flax-leaved TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during active growth; keep dry in summerToxic to pets
Fleshy OrbeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Floating AponogetonMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged bulb with floating leaves; fortnightly 20–25% water changesPet-safe
Florist's CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Florist's GloxiniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during active growth; typically water once the top of the mix begins to dry, then taper off completely heading into dormancy.Pet-safe
Fly-catching RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; allow the surface to barely begin to dryPet-safe
Flying Saucer CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, roughly weekly to fortnightly in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Forbes' Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Minimal once established; natural rainfall usually sufficient during growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Forbes' Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall during its growing season; water lightly if spring is unusually dryToxic to pets
Forget-me-notMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly wateringPet-safe
Fork-leaved SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand the pot in 1-3 cm of water at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Forked SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Sparingly — water only when the growing medium is dryMildly toxic to pets
Forrests PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Four-angled cassiopeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during the growing season; keep consistently moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Four-Flowered RacinaeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist foliage thoroughly 3-4 times per week; soak weekly in warm water for 15-30 minutesPet-safe
Four-Leaf Water CloverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Aquatic — grows in shallow water or moist substrate permanentlyPet-safe
Fragrant StomatiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly in summer; every 2–3 weeks in autumn–springPet-safe
Franz's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks in the summer growing season; completely dry from mid-autumn to late springPet-safe
Freely Flowering AngraecumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days; avoid complete drying outPet-safe
Freesia refractaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water every 5-7 days during winter-spring growth, keeping the soil just moistPet-safe
French Marigold 'Durango'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 3-6 days; containers more oftenMildly toxic to pets
Fresh Look Red CockscombDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 daysPet-safe
Freyn's PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Friedrich's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn; none during summer dormancyPet-safe
Friedrich's Window PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn and spring; minimal to none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Friedrichsthals Copper LeafBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; minimal in dormancyPet-safe
Fringed Cliff StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Fringed CoelogyneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7-10 days in the growing season; every 14-21 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Fringed Miniature StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or near-daily; roots must not dry completely between wateringPet-safe
Fringed StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–3 days depending on mount or medium and ambient temperaturePet-safe
Fringed-sepal PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Reduced in winter; moderate in spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
Frithia humilisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry during spring-summer growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Frithia pulchraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry during spring-summer growth; sparing in winterPet-safe
Fritillaria meleagrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist through spring growth; tolerates damp groundMildly toxic to pets
Fritz Luth Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in spring and summer; every 3–5 days in winterPet-safe
Fritz Luth Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in growing season; every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Front Range BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; minimal in winterPet-safe
Fuchsia 'Lady Thumb'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthPet-safe
Fuller's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the old lobe pair is fully shrivelled (summer dormancy) and during the active growing window autumn–spring; roughly every 14-21 days when activePet-safe
Fuller's StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Fuller's TitanopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in autumn/winter growing season; minimal in summer dormancyPet-safe
Fuller's TitanopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn to early spring; barely once a month in summer dormancyPet-safe
Furuse's OrostachysDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal watering in winterPet-safe
Fused Tooth Venus flytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist via tray method during growing season; damp only in dormancyPet-safe
Gaillardia 'Arizona Sun'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Fanfare'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week during establishment; every 14 days or less once established in the groundMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Goblin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Mesa Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly during establishment; once every 14 days or less when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Mesa Yellow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during establishment; every 14 days or less when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'SpinTop Orange Halo'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week during establishment; once every 10–14 days when established; check containers every 3–4 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Gaillardia 'Tizzy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once a week during establishment; every 14 days or less when established in the ground; check every 3–5 days in containersMildly toxic to pets
Galanga Resurrection LilyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing season; reduce significantly or cease in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Garden Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in active growth; reduce to every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Garden Pink 'Mrs Sinkins'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Gargoyle LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; medium should be moist but not soddenPet-safe
Gasteria ArmstrongiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria GlomerataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria NitidaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gasteria PulchraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Gazania × hybrida 'Tiger Stripes'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Gazania rigens 'Daybreak Garden Sun'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Geneva BugleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once weekly during establishment; every 10–14 days once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geogenanthus UndatusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Geranium cinereum 'Ballerina'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil are dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium cinereum 'Lawrence Flatman'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres are dry; keep on the dry side once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium cinereum var. subcaulescensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top few centimetres of soil are dry; sparingly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Geranium renardiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 4-5 cm dries; drought-tolerant once established, roughly every 10-14 days in growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Gesine's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Approximately every 14-21 days during the autumn-spring active period only; none in summer dormancyPet-safe
Geum 'Scarlet Tempest'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; keep evenly moist in summerMildly toxic to pets
Geyer's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during active growth (autumn to early spring); none in summerPet-safe
Giant Autumn DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal water during autumn–spring growth; bone dry in summerToxic to pets
Giant BucephalandraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep substrate consistently moist (emersed) or fully submerged (aquatic); do not allow to dry outToxic to pets
Giant Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Giant Dragon OrchidLow light (north window or shaded room)Daily or every other dayPet-safe
Giant SnowdropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular moisture during growth; tolerates drier summer dormancy than G. nivalisToxic to pets
Gibbaeum albumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Lightly in autumn through spring during growth; keep nearly dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Gibbaeum heathiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly in autumn-spring growth; near-zero through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Gibbaeum petrenseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Light watering in autumn-spring; withhold through summerMildly toxic to pets
Gibbaeum velutinumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in autumn-spring; minimal in summerMildly toxic to pets
Gilbert Peacock GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in active growthMildly toxic to pets
Girard's ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Glacier PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water very sparingly, letting the soil nearly dry out between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Glandular Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow soil to dry almost completely between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Glandular RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly or not at all in winterPet-safe
Glandular-stemmed MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Globe candytuftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days; keep evenly moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Glory of Texas CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 5-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; relies on natural rainfall in most temperate gardensMildly toxic to pets
Glossostigma elatinoidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged; 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Goat's Horn CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry from late autumn through winterPet-safe
Goat's Horn CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Goehring's DyckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the compost is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in growing seasonPet-safe
Goeppertia White FusionBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Golden Bow DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Plentiful in warm summer growth; markedly reduced and near-dry over a cool winter restPet-safe
Golden Cliff StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in spring and autumn; monthly in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Golden Corkscrew PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium permanently saturated; tray method with 1–2 cm standing waterPet-safe
Golden CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal supplemental water needed; relies on natural rainfall; ensure summer-dry conditions for corm dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Golden Easter Lily CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; once a month or less in winter.Pet-safe
Golden EriosyceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
golden fescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water every 10–14 days during the growing season, less in winterPet-safe
Golden Japanese Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the soil constantly moist to wet; water as soon as the surface begins to dry, often every 2-4 daysMildly toxic to pets
Golden Japanese Sweet FlagMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep constantly moist; tolerate standing waterPet-safe
Golden Lace CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Golden Powder PuffDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; none in winterPet-safe
Golden Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks when established; very little in winterPet-safe
Golden Star CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Golden-flowered RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during the growing season; minimally in winterPet-safe
Golden-Net PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in growing season; every 7–10 days in winterPet-safe
Gongora galeataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium nears dryness in growth; sparingly during winter restMildly toxic to pets
Good Luck PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthMildly toxic to pets
Graptopetalum bellumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growth, very little in winterPet-safe
Graptopetalum macdougalliiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, about every 12-16 days in summer, minimal in winterPet-safe
Graptopetalum rusbyiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Graptoveria 'Bashful'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Graptoveria 'Debbie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Graptoveria 'Fred Ives'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Graptoveria 'Opalina'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Graptoveria 'Silver Star'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Graptoveria 'Titubans'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, far less in winterPet-safe
grass-leaved bladderwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged in shallow aquarium or terrarium water columnPet-safe
Grass-Leaved EdraianthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow soil to partially dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Grasshopper LycasteBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; near-dry rest in winterPet-safe
Grayleaf CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days when dry; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Grecian WindflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring, dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Greek CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Dry in summer dormancy; moderate during autumn and winter growthToxic to pets
Greek JancaeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Little and often to keep root zone moist; almost dry during winter dormancyPet-safe
Green Cliff Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer and every 14 days in winterPet-safe
Green Rock FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Green SnowdropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall during the growing season; keep moist during autumn planting and winter–spring growthToxic to pets
Green SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top centimetre of soil dries outPet-safe
Green Wave FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep substrate or roots consistently moist; for aquarium use, submerge fully and maintain water changesPet-safe
Green-flowered PitayaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in spring and summer; essentially dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Green-winged OrchidDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rain-fed; moist spring, dry summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Greene's LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks during active growth (autumn–spring); very little to none in summerPet-safe
Greenish Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week (misting) or weekly soakPet-safe
Greig's TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent during growth; needs dry summer dormancyToxic to pets
Grey SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during growing season; barely any in winterPet-safe
Grinning ArgyrodermaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in autumn (main growing season); once or twice in spring; completely withheld mid-summerPet-safe
Grisebach's Sword PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Submerged aquatic — 20-30% weekly water changes keep nutrients and water quality stable.Toxic to pets
Groby's SpeckliniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; mounted plants every 1–2 days in warm conditionsPet-safe
Gummy UebelmanniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summer; barely once a month in winterPet-safe
Gurken's OrthophytumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow to dry between waterings — roughly every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Gurken's Star BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Guzmania 'Rana'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup topped up; refresh it weekly and water the mix only when nearly dryPet-safe
Gymnocalycium andreaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Gymnocalycium denudatumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Gyoku-ryu Mondo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 days in growthPet-safe
Gypsicola ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep damp via a shallow tray during summer growth; water sparingly once the succulent winter rosette formsMildly toxic to pets
Gypsum ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water sparingly in summer; near-dry in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Hairy AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hairy Alpine PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; minimal in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Hairy BertoloniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–6 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Hairy BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate continuously wet by sitting pot in a shallow tray of 1–2 cm of water at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Hairy GibbaeumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 weeks in winter and spring (active season); dry in summerPet-safe
Hairy HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Hairy JovibarbaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during the growing season; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Hairy Lip FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 2-3 weeks (drought-tolerant once established)Mildly toxic to pets
Hairy PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during active growth (spring–autumn); sparingly in winterToxic to pets
Hairy RaphionacmeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during active growth (spring–summer); virtually none in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Hairy Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; dry conditions preferred especially in winterPet-safe
Hairy StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Hairy Sun PitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium consistently moist; use a shallow tray with no more than 1 cm of waterPet-safe
Hairy ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks when establishedMildly toxic to pets
Hairy Water CloverMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently in waterlogged substrate or submergedMildly toxic to pets
Hairy WoodrushLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days during the growing seasonPet-safe
Hairy-beard GastrochilusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mount: daily root misting; pot: every 3-4 days during growth, every 7-10 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Hairy-fruited DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during growth; very little in winterPet-safe
Hairy-leaf TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the active (cool) season; minimal or none in summerToxic to pets
Hairy-tongued RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; medium stays lightly moistPet-safe
Hall's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during active growth (autumn to early spring); none in summer dormancyPet-safe
Hall's Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water in autumn (September–November) only; completely dry in winter and summerPet-safe
Hamilton's SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep tray with 1–2 cm of water at all timesPet-safe
Hand FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Hand-Bearing OncidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Happy Bean PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Happy Bean PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in spring/summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hard-leaf PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in growing season; every 4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Hardy CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during active growth (autumn-spring); withhold water during summer dormancyToxic to pets
HarebellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Harris's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist thoroughly 2–3 times per week or soak for 20–30 minutes once a week.Mildly toxic to pets
Hatchet CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; very sparingly in winter (once every 4-6 weeks)Pet-safe
Haussknecht's RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season (spring–summer); every 4–6 weeks or rainfall-only in winterPet-safe
Hawaii Blue FlossflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, every 2-3 weeksPet-safe
Haworthia BayeriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Haworthia cooperi var. truncataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksPet-safe
Haworthia EmelyaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia HerbaceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia LockwoodiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia MagnificaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia MucronataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia ObtusaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia PygmaeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Haworthia SpringbokvlakensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia TessellataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthia TurgidaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 7-12 days in summer, sparse in winterPet-safe
Haworthia VenosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haworthiopsis ViscosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Haygarth's Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in growth; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hayne's MatucanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, every 7-14 days in summerPet-safe
Heart FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist; water when the top of the soil starts to dryMildly toxic to pets
Heart FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Heart-leaf PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; mounted plants may need daily mistingPet-safe
Heath-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hedgehog CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Hedgehog FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days when established; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Heliamphora minorBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently moist to wet; mist or top up pitchers regularlyMildly toxic to pets
Heliamphora pulchellaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the mix wet to lightly standing; water frequently with rain/distilled/RO waterMildly toxic to pets
Heliamphora tateiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently moist to wet; do not let the medium dryMildly toxic to pets
Helmut's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during active autumn-to-spring growth only; strictly none in summerPet-safe
Hemianthus callitrichoides 'Cuba'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Permanently submerged; 30-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Hemianthus micranthemoidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; 30-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Hemiboea subcapitataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Hen-and-Chickens SundewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Continuously in a tray of 1–2 cm pure water; never allow to dry out.Pet-safe
Heneken's TolumniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the roots appear silvery-white and the fan base is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Herb RobertMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate; water only during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Hermit PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Allow the top half of the compost to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Hernandez-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Hernando BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of compost feel dryToxic to pets
Herradura MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)3–5 times per weekPet-safe
Herre's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during autumn-to-spring active period; none in summerPet-safe
Heterodox Sun PitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate evenly moist at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Heterodoxa Sun PitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 3-5 days, maintaining a consistently moist but not waterlogged substrate; keep pitchers partially filled with distilled or rainwaterPet-safe
Heuchera 'Quicksilver'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Heuffel's HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Heuffel's JovibarbaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; rarely in winterPet-safe
HikuriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly: only when soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, none in winterToxic to pets
Himalayan CassiopeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water before the top 2 cm of growing medium dries out.Mildly toxic to pets
Hirtz's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting; never allow roots to fully dryPet-safe
Histrioides IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in late winter and spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Hoary PlantainDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; established plants are drought-tolerantPet-safe
Hollow-Rooted FumewortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Rainfall-dependent during spring growth; completely dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Holton's BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of compost feel dryToxic to pets
Hooded MaxillariaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days year-round; slight reduction in winterPet-safe
Hooded PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting or watering; roots must remain evenly moist at all timesPet-safe
Hook SedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep evenly moist; water weekly in dry spells and don't let containers fully dryMildly toxic to pets
Hoop Petticoat DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during active growth; dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Hoop Petticoat DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during spring growth; withhold irrigation after foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Horn-Bearing CoryphanthaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Horned EriosyceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Horned violetBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Horst's DiscocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; reduce to once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Horst's GymnocalyciumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 7-10 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Hosta 'Curly Fries'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Hosta 'Midnight Rider'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-8 days in summerToxic to pets
Houseleek Cliff StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Houseleek RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Houseleek SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low — water sparingly at all times; near-dry in summer and winterPet-safe
Houttuynia cordataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly wet to waterlogged; never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Houttuynia cordata 'Chameleon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil constantly wet to waterlogged; never allow it to dryMildly toxic to pets
Huernia brevirostrisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Huernia hystrixBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Huernia keniensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Huernia macrocarpaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry, about every 1-2 weeks in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
Huernia pillansiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in summer; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Huernia thuretiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Huernia zebrinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Humboldt's CaladiumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthToxic to pets
Humboldt's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 5-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Humped BladderwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently submerged; top up to maintain a constant water levelMildly toxic to pets
HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly watering during growthToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Carnegie'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist through growth and flowering; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'City of Haarlem'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during growth and flowering; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Delft Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist during growth and flowering; reduce sharply after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Jan Bos'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist through growth and flowering; reduce after foliage dies backToxic to pets
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Woodstock'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during growth and flowering; much drier after dormancy sets inToxic to pets
Hydrocharis morsus-ranaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Free-floating; keep on the surface of still or slow waterMildly toxic to pets
Hygrophila lancea 'Araguaia'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Submerged permanently; 25-50% aquarium water changes weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Hygrophila pinnatifidaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Continuously submerged; 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Confetti Pink'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Splash Select White'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Iara's SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; almost none during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Ibarra's ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate moist; water every 3–5 days during active growth, reduce to occasional misting when plant is in succulent-rosette phaseMildly toxic to pets
Imbricate Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days; do not allow compost to dry outPet-safe
Immersed StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting for mounted specimens; every 2 days for potted plantsPet-safe
ImpatiensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice-weekly wateringPet-safe
Impatiens walleriana 'Xtreme Salmon'Low light (north window or shaded room)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, often every 1-3 days in summerPet-safe
Indian Head CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 days in spring and summer; every 3-4 weeks in autumn; minimal in winterPet-safe
Indian Head NotocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the active growing season; reduce to once every 5-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Indian SinocrassulaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Inner-grooved SpeckliniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every other day; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Inner-rough PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface is just drying, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Intense Blue FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry; minimal once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Ionopsis utricularioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water frequently as roots near dryness, often daily on a mount in warm weatherMildly toxic to pets
Iris 'Katharine Hodgkin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during autumn-to-spring growth; keep dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Iris reticulata 'Harmony'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during autumn-to-spring growth; keep dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Iron Butterfly FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week during the growing season; water sparingly in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Island LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in active season (October–April); none to minimal in summerPet-safe
Ivory PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Allow the top half of compost to dry before rewateringMildly toxic to pets
Ivy-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn/winterPet-safe
Ivy-Leaved CyclamenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Drought-tolerant once established; rely entirely on natural rainfallToxic to pets
Janke's GesneriadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water at the root zone only when the soil approaches dryness, roughly every 10–14 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; reduce significantly in winter dormancyPet-safe
Japanese MazusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days; prefers moist, consistently watered soilMildly toxic to pets
Japanese PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; reduce in winterPet-safe
Japanese RushBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged aquatic plantPet-safe
Japanese Stiff Shield FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly in the first year, then only during prolonged dry spellsPet-safe
Japanese Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist or wet; do not allow to dry outMildly toxic to pets
Japanese Wood PoppyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moist during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Jelly PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, typically every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Jewel OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days; keep the mix evenly moist, never bone dryPet-safe
Johannes Cape PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-8 days in active growth; every 2-3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Johnny Jump UpBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Johnson's PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days in summer; every 3–4 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Jointed PectinariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks during the growing season; almost dry in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
JonquilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during autumn–spring growth; very dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Joseph's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days (potted); near-daily misting if mountedPet-safe
Juniper-leaved ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during growth; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Juno IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate from early spring to late spring; completely dry mid-summer to mid-autumnToxic to pets
Kacip FatimahLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 1–2 cm of soil begins to dry; typically every 4–6 days in warm conditionsMildly toxic to pets
KalanchoeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Kalanchoe 'Calandiva'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is fully dry, roughly every 7-14 daysToxic to pets
Kalanchoe 'Kerinci'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry to about halfway down, every 10-14 daysToxic to pets
Kalanchoe EriophyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is dry to a depth of 3-4 cm, roughly every 10-14 days in growthToxic to pets
Kalanchoe RhombopilosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly in winterToxic to pets
Karas Mountains Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only during the active growth window: water sparingly when new leaves are developing (roughly autumn to late spring). Withhold water entirely in summer dormancy.Pet-safe
Kelsey's PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Kenneally's SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Standing tray (growing season); minimal (dry rest)Pet-safe
Kidney Maidenhair FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3–5 days during active growth; every 6–8 days in winterPet-safe
Killarney FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously moist — maintain permanent moisture in the sphagnum substrate and high atmospheric humidity at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Kim cape primroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during spring and summer; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
King Ferdinand's SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low — water moderately in active growth; reduce sharply in summer dormancy and winterPet-safe
King Henry Venus flytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist via tray method; barely damp in winterPet-safe
King of Hearts Bleeding HeartMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyToxic to pets
Kirchhoff's Air PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Mist 3–4 times per week or soak for 20–30 minutes twice a week.Mildly toxic to pets
Kirk's HuerniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days when growing (spring–autumn); once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Kitten TailsMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Infrequently; dry to medium-dryMildly toxic to pets
Knotted CloverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Labrador violetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Lace CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; dry rest in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lace FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-21 days depending on temperature and seasonPet-safe
Lady of the NightBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When fully dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Lady of the NightBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Allow roots and medium to dry almost completely between waterings, roughly every 5-7 days in active growth and every 10-14 days in winter restPet-safe
Lady Slipper OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-10 days; keep the medium evenly moistMildly toxic to pets
Lady TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Ladybird Scarlet cosmosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly; allow soil surface to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Laguna Beach LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days from autumn through spring; withhold almost entirely in summerPet-safe
Lamb's StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lance-leaf StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; never allow the medium to dry completelyPet-safe
Lance-leaved SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet via the tray method (1-2 inches of standing water); never let the media dry outMildly toxic to pets
Lance-leaved SundewMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep tray topped up year-roundPet-safe
Lance-Leaved TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moist in spring; more drought-tolerant than most Trilliums once dormantMildly toxic to pets
Lanceolate AnubiasLow light (north window or shaded room)Permanently submerged or emersed aquatic plantToxic to pets
Lansberg's RestrepiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days; evenly moist but not waterloggedPet-safe
Lapidaria margaretaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak only in autumn and early spring growth; keep bone-dry through summer and deep winterMildly toxic to pets
Larch-leaved SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks in summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Larch-Leaved StitchwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — drought-tolerant; water sparinglyMildly toxic to pets
Large-cloaked StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days, never allowing the medium to dry completelyPet-safe
Large-flower BulbophyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top of the medium begins to dry, approximately every 3-5 daysPet-safe
large-flowered butterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil permanently damp during growing season; reduce but do not dry out completely in winterPet-safe
Large-Flowered CopiapoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or dry in winterPet-safe
Large-Flowered HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant; water only in prolonged dry periodsPet-safe
Large-Flowered PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Large-flowered Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow partial drying between waterings; a dry-wet cycle triggers bloomingToxic to pets
Large-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; much less in winterPet-safe
Large-Leaf PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of potting mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Large-Leaved ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate damp in summer; reduce sharply in winterMildly toxic to pets
Large-Spike PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow top half to two-thirds of soil to dry)Pet-safe
large-stalked sinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in active growth; withhold through dormancyPet-safe
Larryleachia marlothiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly; only when fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
Late TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent during spring growth; needs dry summer restToxic to pets
Lau's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 5-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Lau's TurbinicarpusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, approximately every 14-21 days in summer; minimal or no water in winterPet-safe
Lawn PennywortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged aquatic or marginal; keep substrate or water consistently moistPet-safe
Leaf-Spined Brain CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days during summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Leafy OrthophytumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Least PrimroseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days during active growth; very sparingly in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Lebanese RosulariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Lehmann's IceplantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during spring and summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Lemboglossum rossiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the bark approaches dryness, roughly every 4-7 days, keeping pseudobulbs plumpPet-safe
Lemmaphyllum microphyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mount or mix is nearly dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Lemon Button FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, often every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Lemon-scented AerangisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when roots begin to appear silvery-grey (indicating dryness), roughly every 5-8 days in summer and every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Leopoldina Earth StarBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when top 2 cm of soil dries, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Lepanthes telipogonifloraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep roots constantly moist but never sodden, misting or watering dailyMildly toxic to pets
Lesser BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth, every 10–14 days in winterToxic to pets
lesser bladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged or floating in shallow standing waterPet-safe
Lesser PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; reduce significantly in winterPet-safe
Lesser Sea SpurreyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; tolerates periods of drought punctuated by brackish floodingMildly toxic to pets
Lesser Silver SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water only when the top layer of grit is dryPet-safe
Lesser TheriophonumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular watering during active monsoon-season growth; completely dry in dormancyToxic to pets
Lesser Water PlantainDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Saturated to 10 cm depth of waterPet-safe
Levy's HuerniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days during active growth (spring–autumn); once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Lichang ChiritaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Licorice FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist while in active growth (fall through spring); water when the surface just begins to dryPet-safe
Lifelong SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water moderately; allow the top 2–3 cm of soil to dry before watering.Pet-safe
Lightning jewel orchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep lightly and evenly moist — never bone dry, never soggyMildly toxic to pets
Lilafee EpimediumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Liliana's PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Lily of the valleyLow light (north window or shaded room)Weekly wateringToxic to pets
Lilyturf-like PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in active growth; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Limnophila aromaticaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Submerged form kept fully underwater; emersed form kept in waterlogged soil or shallow standing waterMildly toxic to pets
Linaria maroccana 'Fairy Bouquet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Linden-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days (allow soil to partially dry)Pet-safe
Linden's CanistrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central tank filled with fresh water; water the root zone when the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Lion's AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 days in summer, every 7–10 days in winterPet-safe
Lion's AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When roots are silvery and the medium approaches dryness, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Lipstick EcheveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1-2 weeks in spring/summer; sparingly in winterPet-safe
LithopsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Follow the seasonal cycle, not a schedulePet-safe
Lithops AucampiaeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water in spring and autumn only, never in summer dormancy or mid-winterPet-safe
Lithops BromfieldiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally, only every few weeks during active growth and not at all during leaf renewalPet-safe
Lithops DivergensDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only in autumn and spring growth, sparingly when soil is bone dry; no water during summer or mid-winter restPet-safe
Lithops HookeriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water in spring and autumn only, never during summer dormancy or mid-winterPet-safe
Lithops JuliiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)During spring and autumn growth only, roughly every 2-3 weeks; none in summer or winterPet-safe
Lithops LeslieiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water in spring and autumn only, never during summer dormancy or mid-winterPet-safe
Lithops Optica 'Rubra'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly in spring and autumn, every 2-3 weeks; withhold entirely in summer and winterPet-safe
Lithops PseudotruncatellaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequently, following the seasonal cycle rather than a fixed schedulePet-safe
Lithops SalicolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Only during active growth (autumn and spring), roughly every 2-3 weeks; none in summer or deep winterPet-safe
Little Calyx AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growing seasonPet-safe
Little Leather LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; keep roots evenly moistPet-safe
Little One Temple BellsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days while growing; withhold completely during dormancyPet-safe
Living Rock CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 21-30 days in summer; essentially none in winterPet-safe
Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequently and strictly by season, often only every few weeks and not at all in summer or deep winterPet-safe
Lobb's BulbophyllumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist in growth; water every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Lobb's BulbophyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the medium or slab begins to dry, approximately every 4-7 days; reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Lobivia famatimensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water thoroughly when the mix dries out, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer; keep dry through winterPet-safe
Long Eye-leafDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the autumn-to-spring growing season when the old body wrinkles; completely dry from late spring through summerMildly toxic to pets
Long-flower CirrhopetalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 6-8 days during growth; every 10-14 days in cooler or slower growth periodsPet-safe
Long-Flowered BoesenbergiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry during the growing season, approximately every 7-10 days; minimal water in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Long-Flowered BulbophyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–5 days in active growth (late spring to autumn); reduced in autumn and winterPet-safe
Long-Leaved PachyphytumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Long-leaved PelargoniumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately during active growth (autumn–spring); withhold almost entirely in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Long-Petalled LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring; almost dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Long-Spurred VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil evenly moistPet-safe
Long-Stalked BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate constantly wet; place pot in 1–3 cm of water in a saucer year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Long-stalked SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growth; reduce slightly during rest periodMildly toxic to pets
Long-stalked SpiderwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during active growth; reduce after summer die-backMildly toxic to pets
Long-tailed MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in warm months; every 1-2 days in cool months — medium must not dry out between wateringsPet-safe
Long-tongue Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Longleaf PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days when establishing; minimal supplemental water once establishedPet-safe
Loose AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Loose-flowered MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lopsided BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 6–8 days during active growth, reduced to every 12–14 days in winterToxic to pets
Loranthus-leaf PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2-3 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Low Shield PlantLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 10–14 days; less in winterToxic to pets
Ludisia discolor 'Alba'Low light (north window or shaded room)When the top 1-2 cm of mix is just drying, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Ludwigia arcuataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Grown submersed; perform a 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Ludwigia brevipesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Grown submersed; do a 30-50% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Lugard's MonadeniumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Lund's PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Lungling PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; reduce to every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Lydia's Eye-leafDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in autumn through spring when the body wrinkles; none at all from late spring through summerMildly toxic to pets
Lydia's Window PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (September–March in the Northern Hemisphere); essentially none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Lydian StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Madagascar SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously — maintain 1–3 cm of water in a tray year-round during active growth; reduce tray depth in winter.Pet-safe
Madison's MatucanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Magdalene AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular watering spring–autumn; reduce markedly in winterPet-safe
Maidenhair SpleenwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Maikai OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; allow medium to dry out between wateringsPet-safe
Majestic Giants PansyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil starts to dry, roughly every 3–5 days in mild weatherMildly toxic to pets
Mammillaria bombycinaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water thoroughly when the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Mammillaria mystaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water deeply when the mix is completely dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Many FingersDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2 weeks in spring and summer; every 4–6 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Many-Flowered Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 1–2 times per week, or a 20-minute soak every 1–2 weeksPet-safe
many-flowered cape primroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Many-flowered MasdevalliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily in warm weather; every 3–5 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Many-Flowered RacinaeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist thoroughly 2-3 times per week; allow to dry slightly between mistingsPet-safe
Many-haired DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during growth; almost dry in winterPet-safe
Many-Leaved MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1–2 weeks in the growing season; reduced in summer heatPet-safe
Many-Nippled PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Many-Stemmed Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak for 30 minutes 2–3 times per week, or mist dailyPet-safe
Many-stemmed LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks autumn through late spring; none in summerPet-safe
Maranta 'Kim'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Maranta 'Marisela'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Maranta 'Massangeana'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Maranta 'Silver Band'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Marble Earth StarMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Marble HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Marbled Earth StarMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when top 2-3 cm of soil dries, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Marbled Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the autumn-to-spring active period; completely dry in summerPet-safe
Marbled Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water only in autumn during new-leaf emergence (September–November); completely dry rest of yearPet-safe
Margaret's Corkscrew PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium permanently moist to wet; tray method with 1 cm water during growing seasonPet-safe
Margined CopiapoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry throughout, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Margined SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days when growing; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Marsilea quadrifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep in wet mud or shallow water; never let it dry outMildly toxic to pets
Marson's Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7-14 days in active growth; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Marson's GymnocalyciumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 days in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Martinezii LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Dry in summer; moderate in winter-to-spring growth periodToxic to pets
Martius's BrassavolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during growing season; reduce in winter after floweringPet-safe
Martius's StanhopeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)3–5 times per week in summer; sharply reduce in winterPet-safe
Mary's ProsthecheaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5-7 days in growth; every 14-21 days in winterPet-safe
Masdevallia Angel FrostMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist year-round, watering about every 2-4 days so the medium never dries outPet-safe
Masdevallia coccineaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist all year, watering about every 2-4 days so the medium never dries fullyPet-safe
Masdevallia tovarensisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist throughout the year, watering roughly every 2-4 days so the medium stays dampPet-safe
Masdevallia veitchianaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep roots evenly moist year-round; water roughly every 2-4 days so the mix never fully driesPet-safe
Masdevallia wagenerianaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep continuously moist; water or mist every 1-3 days as the tiny mass dries quicklyPet-safe
Mathilde's Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow to nearly dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Matted GlobulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; minimal in winter — avoid wetting the crown.Mildly toxic to pets
Matted Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Maudiae Slipper OrchidLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 5–7 daysPet-safe
Maudiae Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top of the mix begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Maudiae-Type Slipper 'Black Jack'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top of the mix is just starting to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Maughan's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in autumn growth phase; none during summer dormancyPet-safe
Maughan's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks during the autumn–winter–spring growing period; none from June to late AugustPet-safe
Maury's Air PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Mist or soak every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Maxillaria schunkeanaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the surface of the medium approaches dryness, about every 4-6 days, keeping it lightly moistMildly toxic to pets
Maxillaria variabilisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the medium nears dryness, about every 4-6 days in growthPet-safe
Maze-Leaf BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil feels dryToxic to pets
McDowell's ThelocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or less in winter.Pet-safe
Meadow SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring; minimal watering needed from midsummer onwardPet-safe
Medusa OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water every 2-4 days, more in heatPet-safe
Medusa's CirrhopetalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days during active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Meebold's LagenandraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep permanently waterlogged or submerged; substrate must never dry outToxic to pets
Mejia's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the medium is approaching dryness, roughly every 1-2 days in active growthPet-safe
Melocactus bahiensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in warm summer growth; sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Melocactus peruvianusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, about every 1-2 weeks in warm summer growth; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Membrane-flowered StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; never allow roots to fully dryPet-safe
Mendoza GraptopetalumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Metallic Blue FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep the rhizome and medium lightly moist; water every 4-6 days, allowing the surface to barely dryPet-safe
Mexican AchimenesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist throughout the growing season (spring–autumn); dry in winter dormancyPet-safe
Mexican ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep moist spring-summer; ease off in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mexican ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water during growth; keep barely damp in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mexican ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water in summer; near-dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Mexican PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Mexican SnowballBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly in winterPet-safe
Meyer's Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in growth; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Meyer's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late summer (August/September) through autumn; withheld completely from May to AugustPet-safe
Michaelovsky FritillaryDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during active growth in spring; withhold almost completely from midsummer through autumnToxic to pets
Micranthemum tweediei 'Monte Carlo'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; 30-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Micro Earth StarMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when top 1-2 cm of soil dries, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Microsorum pteropusLow light (north window or shaded room)Submerged aquatic; keep continuously underwater with a 25-30% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Microsorum pteropus 'Narrow'Low light (north window or shaded room)Continuously submerged; 20-30% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Microsorum pteropus 'Needle Leaf'Low light (north window or shaded room)Continuously submerged; 20-30% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Microsorum pteropus 'Trident'Low light (north window or shaded room)Continuously submerged; 20-30% aquarium water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Microsorum pteropus 'Windelov'Low light (north window or shaded room)Submerged aquatic; keep continuously underwater with a 25-30% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Miller's LaeliaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days in summer; very sparse in winter (monthly or less)Pet-safe
Miller's LaeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the pot is almost completely dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summerPet-safe
Miltonia OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-5 days in active growth; let medium approach dryness, never bone-dryPet-safe
Miltoniopsis 'Augres'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; usually every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Miltoniopsis 'Herralexandre'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the mix surface starts to dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Miltoniopsis 'Red Tide'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the mix evenly moist; typically every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Miltoniopsis phalaenopsisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days, keeping the mix lightly moist at all timesPet-safe
Miltoniopsis roezliiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water every 3-5 days, never letting the mix fully dryPet-safe
Mini Moth Orchid 'Sogo Vivien'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Roughly every 7-10 days, when the bark mix is nearly dry and roots turn silvery-greyPet-safe
Miniature African violetBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–8 daysPet-safe
Miniature Cone PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days during active growth (autumn–spring); completely dry through summer dormancyPet-safe
Miniature Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water very sparingly from September to early April; completely dry from April through AugustMildly toxic to pets
Miniature Creeping JennyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Frequently; keep soil consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Miniature Desert RoseDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Miniature SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly, lightly moist at all times; check every few daysPet-safe
Minnesota Trout LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moist throughout active growth (April–May); bone-dry conditions are fatalMildly toxic to pets
Minor Sun PitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 3-5 days to keep the substrate consistently moist; maintain partial pitcher fill with distilled waterPet-safe
Minute MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Miquel's PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Missouri Foxtail CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-21 days in summer; virtually none in winterPet-safe
Mitla Air PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water 1–3 times per week depending on seasonPet-safe
Moctezuma ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water in summer; near-dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Modest Cape PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7-10 days in growth; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Mondo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Monkey flowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; more frequently in warm or windy weatherPet-safe
Monosolenium tenerumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged; 25-40% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Monster ScaphosepalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top of the medium just begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Mont Cenis BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — water sparingly during growth; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Moon CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Only when the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and far less in winterPet-safe
Moon CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in spring/summer; every 4–6 weeks in autumn; almost none in winterPet-safe
Moon Valley PileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Moons ChiritaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Morelia MiltoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of the mix feels barely moist, roughly every 6-8 days in summerPet-safe
Moretti's BellflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — water carefully during growth, keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Moroccan toadflaxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice a week; reduce to weekly once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Morren's CatopsisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the central tank topped up; flush weekly; water soil lightly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Moser's GymnocalyciumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, approximately every 7-10 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Moss-dwelling SpeckliniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting if mounted; every 1–2 days if pottedPet-safe
Mossy cassiopeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; never allow soil to dry outPet-safe
Mossy PorroglossumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily to every other day; never allow the medium to dry outPet-safe
Mountain EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Mountain GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely once established; water during dry spells in the first seasonMildly toxic to pets
Mountain PansyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water sparingly; allow soil to partially dry between waterings.Pet-safe
Mountain Sweet Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray method, moist year-roundPet-safe
Mountain Turk's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Mouse Head PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks year-round, with a brief reduction after floweringMildly toxic to pets
Mouse-Tail Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist or soak every 10–14 daysPet-safe
Muir's Living PebbleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the body begins to slightly wrinkle, roughly every 3-4 weeks during the autumn-spring growing season; completely dry through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Muir's RhinephyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring–summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Muir's RhinephyllumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 21-28 days in the growing season (autumn-spring); almost none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Muscari 'White Magic'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; water in dry spring spellsPet-safe
Muscari armeniacumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; water in dry spring spellsPet-safe
Myriophyllum aquaticumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently in water; keep ponds topped up and stableMildly toxic to pets
Mystacid AerangisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When roots appear silvery-white and the top of the medium is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Naked CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate — prefers moisture during active growth; dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Namaqualand CheiridopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn through early spring; completely dry June–AugustPet-safe
Nananthus transvaalensisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when soil is bone dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; minimal in summer and winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Narcissus 'February Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn-to-spring growth; dry through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Hawera'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil evenly moist during active growth (autumn rooting through spring flowering); largely dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Jetfire'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Minnow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Evenly moist while in leaf and flower; dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Pipit'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Tete-a-Tete'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narcissus 'Thalia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in spring growth; drier through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Narrow-leaved BiarumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Light watering in autumn–spring active growth; completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Narrow-leaved GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; allow the top centimetre of soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Narrow-Leaved KaempferiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 6-8 days in the growing season; cease or minimise during winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Narrowleaf gazaniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–21 days once established; twice weekly when newly plantedMildly toxic to pets
Narvaez Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Natal SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in a shallow tray of 1–2 cm pure water throughout the growing season; allow the tray to dry briefly in winter during dormancy.Pet-safe
Nathalie's RamondaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice a week in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Naureen's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the active autumn-to-spring period; completely dry in summerPet-safe
Nautilocalyx lynchiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
NavelwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly in autumn–spring growing period; very little in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Neat BulbophyllumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–6 days; mounted plants may need more frequent mistingPet-safe
Neblina Sun PitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep medium consistently moist; flush pitchers with pure water weeklyPet-safe
Neglected Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak for 30 minutes to 2 hours once a weekPet-safe
Neglected PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Nejapa PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 5-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Nel's Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Neli's RhombophyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 weeks in growing season (autumn–spring); withhold almost entirely in summerMildly toxic to pets
Neli's Tongue PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in autumn and spring growing seasons; near-dry in summer dormancy and restricted in winterMildly toxic to pets
Nemesia 'Sunsatia Cranberry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-3 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Nemesia strumosa 'Poetry Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 2-3 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Neoregelia 'Charm'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Neoregelia 'Fireball'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; water the mix when the top 2-3 cm is dryPet-safe
Neoregelia ampullaceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the small cups topped up; mist or dip mounted plants every few daysPet-safe
Nery's Turk's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; reduce to every 4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Nest Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist or dip 2–3 times per week in summer; once per week in cool winter conditions.Pet-safe
Nesting MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in hot weather; every 2–3 days in cool seasonsPet-safe
Net-scaled CeratostylisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the upper surface of the medium is just drying, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Netted IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — dry in summer dormancy; moderate when in growthToxic to pets
Nevada BitterrootDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; completely dry in summer dormancyPet-safe
Nevada LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring; almost none in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
New Zealand Everlasting DaisyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Occasional; tolerant of dry spells once establishedMildly toxic to pets
New Zealand GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep moist but never waterlogged; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
New Zealand Micro SwordBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged aquatic plantPet-safe
Nicaraguan GuzmaniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill cup every 7–10 days; flush monthlyPet-safe
Nicotiana × sanderae 'Starmaker Lime'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysToxic to pets
Nikko bog rosemaryBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Consistently moist; never dry outToxic to pets
Ninja FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; increase in warm or dry periodsPet-safe
Ninja TiarellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water deeply once or twice a week during dry periodsMildly toxic to pets
Noble Carrion FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Noble CymbidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep lightly and evenly moist, about every 5-7 days, reduced in winterPet-safe
Noble FissidensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged aquatic plantPet-safe
Noble Hand FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Nodding GreenhoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Lightly moist during active growth (autumn–spring), roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Nodding Sun PitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate moist at all times; shallow tray or top-wateringMildly toxic to pets
Nodding TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist to seasonally wet; tolerates more moisture than most Trilliums.Mildly toxic to pets
Node-flower CyanotisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Twice weekly in summer; reduce to once weekly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Notable Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of the medium is dry, approximately every 5-7 days; reduce slightly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Notch CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is fully dry, sparingly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Notch-Tipped PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Notched ButterwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; reduce slightly in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Notocactus MagnificusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry: water deeply only when the mix is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Oak-leaf PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Allow soil to become fairly dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Oaxacan Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times per week or soak for 20–30 minutes once per week; reduce in cooler months.Pet-safe
Obscure BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth, every 14 days in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Ochre CoelogyneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce to once every 2–3 weeks in winter restPet-safe
Ocipus AlternantheraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged aquatic; maintain in aquarium water continuouslyPet-safe
Odontoglossum crispumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist year-round, watering roughly every 3-5 days so the mix never fully driesPet-safe
Ogon Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil consistently moist; water whenever the surface begins to feel barely dampMildly toxic to pets
Old Lady PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Old Lady PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Old Man EriosyceDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix has dried out completely, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Old Man PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Old Woman CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Olive Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during active growth (autumn to early spring); none in summerPet-safe
Olive Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — autumn watering only (September–November); completely dry during winter and summer dormancyPet-safe
Olive PorroglossumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water or mist daily in warm months; every 1-2 days in cooler months — roots must never fully dry outPet-safe
Olson's BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 6–9 days during active growth, every 12–14 days in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Olympic St. John's WortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedToxic to pets
One-flower MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1 cm of moss or mix begins to dry, approximately every 3-5 days; never allow to dry out completelyPet-safe
One-flowered ClintoniaLow light (north window or shaded room)Maintain consistently moist soil; water deeply when the top 2 cm begins to dryMildly toxic to pets
Onzuka Bishop's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Opposite-leaf Cliff StonecropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; very rarely in winterPet-safe
Optic Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water sparingly during active growth (late summer to spring); completely dry in summer dormancy (June–August)Pet-safe
Optical PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water only during autumn active growth (September–November); completely dry rest of yearPet-safe
Orange ProsthecheaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top layer of the mix is dry, roughly every 6-9 days; reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
orange sinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; stop completely during winter dormancyPet-safe
Orange Snow Ball CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in spring and summer; every 4-6 weeks in autumn; none or barely any in winterPet-safe
Orange StarDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthToxic to pets
Orange StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days when establishing; virtually rain-fed once maturePet-safe
Orange-Flowered MatucanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Orange-Sheathed BucephalandraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently moist substrate (emersed) or fully submerged (aquatic); rhizome must never dry outToxic to pets
Orbea ciliataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Orbea decaisneanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Orbea luteaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; rarely in winterMildly toxic to pets
Orcutt's LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks in autumn through spring (growing season); withhold almost entirely in summerPet-safe
Ord River SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Standing tray method (growing season); minimal watering (rest period)Pet-safe
Oregon StonecropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in active growth; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Oregon WoodsiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water every 7–14 days, less in winterPet-safe
Oreocharis auriculaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Ornate BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of growing medium feels dryToxic to pets
Ornate PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Orpen's AloinopsisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in autumn–spring; minimal in summerPet-safe
Orpen's AloinopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn through early spring; once a month or not at all through summerPet-safe
Orpheus FlowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Lightly and consistently, keeping the root zone barely moist but never wetMildly toxic to pets
Orthophytum saxicolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Osteospermum 'Sunny Serena White'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Outstretched MaxillariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 1-2 cm of medium is dry, approximately every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Overlooked LagenandraMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep permanently moist to semi-submerged; does not tolerate drying outToxic to pets
Owl Eye CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summer; once every 5-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Owl Eyes CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in spring and summer; nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Ox TongueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Ox Tongue PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Oxalis tetraphyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in active growthToxic to pets
Oxalis Triangularis 'Mijke'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Oxalis Vulcanicola 'Zinfandel'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Oxford and Cambridge Grape HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Rainfall usually sufficient; water during prolonged dry spells in springToxic to pets
OxlipMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly; keep soil consistently moist, especially in summerMildly toxic to pets
Pachyphytum bracteosumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Pachyphytum compactumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is bone dry, about every 2 weeks in growth and rarely in winterPet-safe
Pachyphytum hookeriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Pachyveria 'Clavifolia'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Pachyveria 'Exotica'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Pachyveria 'Powder Puff'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Pachyveria 'Powder Puff'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Pacifica VincaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 days outdoors in summer heat; allow topsoil to partially dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Painted BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 6–9 days in spring and summer; every 12–16 days in autumn and winterToxic to pets
Painted EcheveriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growthPet-safe
Painted MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when medium is nearly dry, roughly every 1-2 days in active growthPet-safe
Painted SonerilaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4–6 days; keep lightly moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Painted TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist throughout the growing season; never allow soil to dry out.Mildly toxic to pets
Pale BeardtongueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; highly drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Pale CoryphanthaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterPet-safe
Pale Silver Skin PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in late summer through autumn (active growth into flowering); water sparingly in spring; completely withheld mid-summerPet-safe
Pale Yellow TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist through spring; reduce during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Palmetto SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Panama DichaeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist but never soggy; water every 3-5 days in warm months and every 5-8 days in cooler months — do not allow the plant to dry out completely as it has no pseudobulbs for water storagePet-safe
PansyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice-weekly wateringPet-safe
Pansy OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3-5 days; up to 2-3 times weekly in warm, dry spellsPet-safe
Pansy OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the surface of the mix begins to dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Paper Spine CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and roughly monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Paphiopedilum 'Pinocchio'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4-7 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Paphiopedilum bellatulumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-8 days; keep lightly moist, never waterloggedPet-safe
Paphiopedilum venustumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 4-7 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Paraboea rufescensMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 6-9 daysMildly toxic to pets
Paradox SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Wet tray (growing season); nearly dry (dry season / dormancy)Pet-safe
Parallel-Stripe PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Parodia microspermaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak-and-dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Parrot Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet, standing in 1-3 cm of water (tray method); it tolerates brief flooding wellPet-safe
Parsley FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Maintain consistent moisture; never allow to dry out completelyMildly toxic to pets
Pazazz Mix PortulacaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 7-14 daysMildly toxic to pets
Peacock GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during active growth; none during winter dormancyPet-safe
Peacock MoraeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular watering autumn to late spring; completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Peacock PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; allow soil to dry thoroughly between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Pearl HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, minimal in winterPet-safe
Pearl PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerPet-safe
Pearson's TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (autumn to early spring); once per month or less in summerToxic to pets
Pebbled Tiger JawsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14–21 days in the growing season and sparingly every 4–6 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Peculiar CheiridopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn–spring; none in summerPet-safe
Pelargonium 'Ardens'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; minimal in summer restToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Bird Dancer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Deacon Barbecue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 4-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Deacon Fireball'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 4-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Deacon Mandarin'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 4-8 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Distinction'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Dolly Varden'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Frank Headley'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Madame Layal'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water when the top 2-3 cm of compost dries, about every 5-9 days in summerToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Mrs Pollock'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Occold Lagoon'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-7 days in summerToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Occold Shield'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Solferino'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Stellar Hannaford Star'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Tip Top Duet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium 'Vancouver Centennial'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-10 days in growthToxic to pets
Pelargonium echinatumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly in the autumn-to-spring growing season; keep nearly dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Pelargonium tristeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderately in the autumn-spring growing season; keep dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Pelargonium-Flowered Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow soil to dry out between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Peltate-Leaf PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days during the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Pennsylvania SedgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water to establish, then largely self-sufficient; occasional deep watering in extended droughtMildly toxic to pets
Penny Yellow ViolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4–6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Penther's Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 7–10 days during active growth, every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Peperomia 'Frost'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, typically every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Napoli Nights'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Napoli Nights' (dark form)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Peppermill'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Pixie Lime'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Rana Verde'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Schumi Red'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia 'Watermelon' (Ginny hybrid)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia albovittata 'Minima'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia albovittata 'Rana Verde'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia asperulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia axillarisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is almost fully dry, roughly every 12-16 daysPet-safe
Peperomia blandaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia caperata 'Burgundy'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia caperata 'Luna Red'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia caperata 'Red Ripple'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia caperata 'Rosso'Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, typically every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia caperata 'Suzanne'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia caperata 'Teresa'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia clusiifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia crassifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia dolabriformisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 14-21 daysPet-safe
Peperomia eckloniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia floribundaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia fraseriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top third of the soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia FrostBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 in (2.5-5 cm) of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia GinnyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Peperomia incanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 12-18 daysPet-safe
Peperomia maculosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 9-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia magnoliifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia magnoliifolia 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 8-13 daysPet-safe
Peperomia marmorataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia obtusifolia 'Golden Gate'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia obtusifolia 'Marble'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia obtusifolia 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia orbaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia pereskiifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia pseudovariegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Peperomia RossoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is 50-75% dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia trifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Peperomia velutinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 9-12 daysPet-safe
Peperomia viridispicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-12 daysPet-safe
PepperwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged or rooted in very shallow water; do not allow the substrate to dry outPet-safe
Percival's CattleyaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days in active growth; reduce to every 14-21 days after pseudobulbs mature in autumnPet-safe
Perez de la Rosa's MammillariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Perplexing Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the growing season; nearly dry from October to FebruaryPet-safe
Perplexing RebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn; once monthly or none in winterPet-safe
Persian RosulariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Persian VioletBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Peruvian OroyaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Petiole SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Wet tray (October–March in Australia / spring–autumn in cultivation); reduced watering (cooler months)Pet-safe
Petrocosmea iodioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of mix feels barely dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Petrocosmea kerriiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysMildly toxic to pets
Petrocosmea nervosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of mix is just dry, about every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Petrocosmea parryorumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysMildly toxic to pets
PeyoteDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly: only when soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, none in winterToxic to pets
Peyote-Like TurbinicarpusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Pflanz's Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn; almost none in winterPet-safe
Pflanz's Chin CactusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; reduce to once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Phalaenopsis 'Liodoro'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)About every 7-10 days, when the bark begins to dry and roots silver overPet-safe
Phalaenopsis violaceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark mix is nearly dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Philippe Vapelle CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; water during extended dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Philippine CeratostylisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the medium begins to feel barely dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Phlox drummondii 'Intensia Cabernet'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Phlox of Sheep Annual PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Phoenix MossMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged aquatic plantPet-safe
Phragmipedium 'Living Fire'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet; water every 1-3 days, often standing the pot in a shallow tray of clean waterPet-safe
Phragmipedium besseaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet; water every 1-3 days and many growers stand the pot in 1-2 cm of clean waterPet-safe
Piaranthus geminatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Piaranthus punctatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pickle PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks; reduce to monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Pilea 'Dark Mystery'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top inch of soil is dry, often 1-2 times per weekPet-safe
Pilea 'Friendship'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-8 daysPet-safe
Pilea aquarumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water when the surface just begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Pilea cadierei 'Minima'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Pilea microphylla 'Variegata'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Pilea mollisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Pilea peperomioides 'Minima'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Pilea peperomioides 'Mojito'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Pilea peperomioides 'Sugar'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Pilea pubescensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Pilea pubescens 'Silver Cloud'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Pilea serpyllaceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface just begins to dry, roughly every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Pillans' Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during late summer through early spring; fully dry in June–AugustPet-safe
Pima Pineapple CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Pincushion CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in spring/summer; monthly or less in autumn; none in winterPet-safe
Pinecone CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is bone dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; once a month or less from October to FebruaryPet-safe
Pinel's AechmeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill the central cup every 5-7 days; water the medium when the top 2-3 cm is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Ping Pong Purple globe amaranthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 5–7 days; allow soil surface to dry slightlyPet-safe
Pinguicula 'Aphrodite'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water to keep the mix moist in growth; reduce for the drier winter restMildly toxic to pets
Pinguicula 'Tina'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep lightly moist in summer; let the surface dry slightly between waterings in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pinguicula agnataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the mix damp by tray-watering during growth; let it dry slightly in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pinguicula cyclosectaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium damp via tray-watering in growth; nearly dry in winter dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pinguicula EsserianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the gritty mix lightly moist in summer; let it dry considerably through the winter succulent phaseMildly toxic to pets
Pinguicula GiganteaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep lightly moist in summer growth; let the surface dry slightly between waterings in the cooler 'winter succulent' phaseMildly toxic to pets
Pinguicula laueanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water to keep the mix moist in summer; ease off for the dry winter restMildly toxic to pets
Pinguicula lusitanicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet; stand in shallow water at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Pinguicula primulifloraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet; stand in shallow water year-round, around 1-2 cmMildly toxic to pets
Pink Fawn LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular watering in spring; minimal to none during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pink Fingers OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly during active growth (autumn to spring); cease almost entirely during summer dormancyPet-safe
Pink Panther RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; allow the medium to approach dryness but not fully dryPet-safe
Pink PussytoesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only when soil is completely dryPet-safe
Pink Quill BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist thoroughly 2–3 times per week; soak in room-temperature water for 20–30 minutes once a week during active growth.Pet-safe
Pink Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular in summer; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pink Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly; driest in winterPet-safe
Pink Rock OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the potting medium is nearly dry, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; reduce to every 14-21 days in winter to trigger bloomingPet-safe
Pink Skyrocket FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week during the growing season; reduce in autumn and winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Pink Storm LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in summer growth; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Pink SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method, continuously wetPet-safe
Pinnate PrimulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days, allowing the top 2 cm of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Piper's BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow near-drying between wateringsPet-safe
PipsissewaLow light (north window or shaded room)Sparingly — allow soil to dry almost completely between waterings; low water requirementMildly toxic to pets
Pires's SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; very sparingly during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pitton's HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Pixie Lime PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2.5-4 cm (1-1.5 in) of mix is dry, often every 7-12 daysPet-safe
Plaid CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Pleasant Air PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Mist every 2–3 days in summer; once a week in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
Pleasant Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during autumn growth; none in summerPet-safe
Pleasant LembocarpusLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep substrate consistently moist during the growing season; withhold water during dormancyPet-safe
Pleated SnowdropMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during active growth (late winter–spring); minimal in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Wizard Scarlet'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summerToxic to pets
Pleione bulbocodioidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly during active leaf growth; reduce sharply to nearly dry through winter dormancyPet-safe
Pleione formosanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly when in leaf and growth; reduce to occasional misting and near-dry during winter dormancyPet-safe
Pleione speciosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly while in leaf and growth; cut back to nearly dry during winter dormancyPet-safe
Pleiospilos bolusiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly and seasonally: water in spring and autumn when soil is dry; keep nearly dry in mid-summer and winterPet-safe
Pleiospilos compactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally: water in spring and autumn when soil is dry; keep nearly dry in mid-summer and winterPet-safe
Pleiospilos nelii 'Royal Flush'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; soak only when soil is fully dry and leaves slightly wrinkle, roughly every 3-4 weeks in growthMildly toxic to pets
Pleiospilos simulansDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally: water in spring and autumn when soil is dry; keep nearly dry in mid-summer and winterPet-safe
Pleurothallis grobyiLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep roots evenly moist; water every 2-3 days potted, or mist/water mounted plants dailyMildly toxic to pets
Pleurothallis restrepioidesLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist, watering roughly every 2-3 days; do not allow a hard dry-outMildly toxic to pets
Pleurothallis truncataLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water every 2-3 days potted or mist mounted plants dailyMildly toxic to pets
Plover EggsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (spring–autumn); once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Pogostemon erectusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; 25-50% weekly water changesMildly toxic to pets
Pogostemon helferiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; 25-50% weekly water changesMildly toxic to pets
Pohl's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak for 20–30 minutes once per week, or mist thoroughly 2–3 times per week; reduce frequency in cool winter months.Pet-safe
Pointed-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Poisson's NephthytisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Polished Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist thoroughly 2–3 times per week, or soak briefly once per week in warm conditions; reduce in winter.Pet-safe
Polka Dot PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Polypody FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of medium is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Portulaca grandiflora 'Sundial Mango'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry several centimetres down, roughly every 7-10 days; less in cool spellsToxic to pets
Potbelly Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times per week; the bulbous base dries faster than larger species so check moisture more frequently in hot, dry weather.Pet-safe
Pouch FlowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top of the compost begins to feel barely dryMildly toxic to pets
Pouch-Flowered PearceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 6–8 days during active growth; reduce in winter dormancyPet-safe
Powder Puff CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in spring and summer; little to none in winterPet-safe
Powder Puff CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Powdery EcheveriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days; it is unusually drought-tolerantPet-safe
Prairie GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Prairie VioletBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fortnightly or less once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Prayer plantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1 cm of soil is just dry, every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Pretty CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — rainfall-dependent during active growth; fully dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Pretty Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the old leaf pair is fully shrivelled (during active growth, roughly every 2-3 weeks); no water during leaf renewalPet-safe
Pretty Peacock GingerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during the growing season (spring to autumn); minimal to none in winterPet-safe
Pretty PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Pretty TrichocentrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the bark is dry, roughly every 7-9 days; slightly drier in winterPet-safe
Prickly Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summer; once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Primos' VanheerdeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during autumn to spring when the soil is completely dry; no water in summerMildly toxic to pets
PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly wateringToxic to pets
Primrose HuerniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Primrose-Flower BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of compost begins to dry, roughly every 5-8 days in growthToxic to pets
primrose-leaf cape primroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; keep evenly moist but never waterloggedPet-safe
Primrose-leaf StreptocarpusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 5–8 days in the growing season, every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Primula × polyanthaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysToxic to pets
Primula farinosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist in growth; water whenever the surface driesToxic to pets
Primula malacoidesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil starts to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysToxic to pets
Primula ObconicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 days while floweringMildly toxic to pets
Primulina 'Dreamtime'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Primulina 'Loki'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Primulina 'Patina'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-12 daysMildly toxic to pets
Primulina (Chirita)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the soil feels dryMildly toxic to pets
Primulina heterotrichaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, about every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Primulina linearifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysMildly toxic to pets
Primulina tamianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-8 daysMildly toxic to pets
Prince MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily to every 2 days; medium should remain evenly moist at all timesPet-safe
Profusion White ZinniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3–5 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5–7 days in summerPet-safe
Proliferous PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface just starts to dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Prostrate RaphionacmeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly during active growth; monthly or less in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Protruding Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week misting, or a 20-minute soak once a weekPet-safe
Pseudolithos cubiformisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Very sparingly; only when fully dry and the body begins to soften, roughly every 2-3 weeks in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
Pseudolithos migiurtinusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Very sparingly; only when fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
pubescent bladderwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep media permanently moist; do not allow to dry outPet-safe
Puebla Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20–30 minutes once a week; mist 2–3 times weekly in dry conditionsPet-safe
Purging JatrophaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in the growing season; none to once a month in winter dormancyToxic to pets
Purple BacopaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged aquatic plant; maintain in aquarium water continuouslyPet-safe
Purple Cliff BrakeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)every 2-3 weeksMildly toxic to pets
Purple Cliff Brake FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is nearly dry throughout, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Purple CyclamenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low in summer, moderate during active growth (late summer to spring)Toxic to pets
Purple FingersDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn through early spring; none in summerPet-safe
Purple Mountain HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular — keep consistently moist but never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Purple Mountain SaxifrageBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days during the growing season; maintain slight moisture at all timesPet-safe
Purple PaintbrushDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; dry to very dry conditionsMildly toxic to pets
Purple Pitcher PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly moist by standing the pot in a tray of rainwater or distilled water at all timesPet-safe
Purple StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in active growth; reduce slightly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Pusillus Miniature Sweet FlagBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet; water whenever the surface starts to dry, every 2-4 days in potsMildly toxic to pets
Pygmy BambooBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week in growing season, once per week in winterPet-safe
Pygmy BucephalandraLow light (north window or shaded room)Submerged aquatic — 20-30% water changes weekly to maintain water quality.Toxic to pets
Pygmy CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is dry, about every 7-10 days in growth; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Pygmy Rwandan Water LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep roots in very shallow, warm, constantly moist conditions — water depth 1–3 cm over the substrateMildly toxic to pets
Pygmy SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist via a shallow tray; top up as it driesPet-safe
Pygmy Tongue PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pyramidal BugleBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days; minimal irrigation once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Pyrenean MerenderaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; naturally dry in summerToxic to pets
Pyrenean RamondaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice a week in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Pyrenean Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water from below and keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Pyrrosia hastataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is nearly dry throughout, roughly every 7-12 daysMildly toxic to pets
Queen Olga's SnowdropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Quehl's Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Quehlianum Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; none in winterPet-safe
Quelch's BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep sphagnum constantly moist during active growth; reduce slightly in winter rest periodMildly toxic to pets
Rabbit Foot Prayer PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Rabiea albinotaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in active growth; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Raceme MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 1-2 days; medium should not dry out between wateringsPet-safe
Rainbow Hedgehog CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Rainbow PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rainbow PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep substrate consistently wet using the tray methodMildly toxic to pets
Raindrop PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, often roughly weekly in the growing seasonPet-safe
Rainer's BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderately during growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
rainha do abismoBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; allow near-dry dormancy in winterPet-safe
Raja BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the compost consistently lightly moist; check every 3-5 daysToxic to pets
Ram's Head CatasetumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Heavily during growth; completely stopped during leafless dormancyPet-safe
Rambling SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method during winter growing season (June–November); completely dry summer dormancy (December–May in the southern hemisphere)Mildly toxic to pets
Rauwolff's EminiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during spring growing season; bone dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Rayed ProsthecheaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of bark is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Rebutia krainzianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; none in winterMildly toxic to pets
Rechinger's RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in the growing season; very rarely in winterPet-safe
Red CeratostylisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface of the medium begins to dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Red Dragon Venus FlytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep in standing water year-round except dormancyPet-safe
Red FescueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Infrequent — drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Red Groove PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
red nerve plantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–10 days; water when top 1–2 cm of soil is dryPet-safe
Red Nerve PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to feel dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Red Polka Dot PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; slightly less in winterPet-safe
Red Stem PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; every 2–3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Red Tube PitcherDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep growing medium permanently moist using a tray of 2-4 cm of rainwater at all times during the growing seasonPet-safe
Red-bristled Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; roots must not dry outPet-safe
Red-petal LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting or watering every 1-2 days; never allow to dryPet-safe
Reddish PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days (allow soil to dry out fully)Pet-safe
Reichenbach's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20–30 minutes once a week; mist 2–3 times weeklyPet-safe
Reichenbach's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in warm weather; every 2–3 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Reinwardtii HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growthPet-safe
Reitz's sinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in active growth; cease in dormancyPet-safe
Reko's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Remote Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20–30 minutes once a week; mist 2–3 times weekly between soaksPet-safe
Restrepia antenniferaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist; water every 2-3 days so the medium never dries out fullyPet-safe
Restrepia elegansMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the medium consistently moist; water every 2-3 days, never allowing it to dry outPet-safe
Restrepia guttulataMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water every 2-3 days, never letting the medium dry outPet-safe
Restrepia-mimic PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days (potted); near-daily misting if mountedPet-safe
Resurrection fernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Mist or moisten every 2-4 days; let it dry betweenMildly toxic to pets
Resurrection FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Allow to dry slightly between waterings; roughly every 7-10 days, or mist daily when mountedPet-safe
Resurrection GesneriadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once a week in the growing season; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Resurrection Spike MossBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Can be kept moist year-round or allowed to dry fully and rehydrated on demandPet-safe
Reunion Island BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of compost feels dry, approximately every 7 daysToxic to pets
Revolute TromotricheDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in the growing season; minimal to none in dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Rex begoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Rhinephyllum broomiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only once the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep nearly dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Rhizomatous Begonia 'Cleopatra'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Rhoeo Spathacea 'Tricolor'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Rhombus-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rhynchostylis giganteaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily or every other day in warm growth for bare roots; reduce to a few times weekly in the cooler restMildly toxic to pets
Ribbed Brain CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in the growing season; reduce to once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Ribes LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting; substrate must remain moist at all timesPet-safe
Ridged Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Ridleyandra sp.Medium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of mix is just drying, roughly every 4-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Rigid DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during growth; almost none in winterPet-safe
Rincon ThelocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; rarely in winter.Pet-safe
Ritchie's MonadeniumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 3-4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Rock CandytuftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Rock DaffodilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; moderate during active growth, completely dry in summerToxic to pets
Rock LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks in summer (near-dry dormancy), every 2–3 weeks in winter (active season)Pet-safe
Rock SpeedwellBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Once every 7–10 days during the growing season; reduce markedly in winter.Pet-safe
Rocky Mountain WoodsiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2–3 cm of medium feel dryPet-safe
Rodent TuberMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist during growing season; reduce in dormancyToxic to pets
Rodigas' VrieseaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refill the central cup every 5-7 days; water the potting medium when the top 2 cm is dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Rodriguezia lanceolataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water as roots approach dryness, roughly every 2-4 days on a mount, less in potsMildly toxic to pets
Rodriguezia secundaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days when mounted; every 4-6 days in a small basket, keeping it lightly moistMildly toxic to pets
Roezl's DraculaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface just barely begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Roezl's Dragon OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every other day; medium must never fully dryPet-safe
Roller JovibarbaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks in summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Rollers HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in spring and summer; barely at all in winterPet-safe
Rood's VanheerdeaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in autumn through spring; essentially none in summerMildly toxic to pets
Rose GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during growth; almost dry in winter dormancyPet-safe
Rose of Jericho (Resurrection Plant)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep moist; refresh water frequentlyPet-safe
Rose Pincushion CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2 weeks in spring and summer; little to none in winterPet-safe
Rose Pincushion CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rose Queen EpimediumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Rose Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow partial soil drying between waterings; dry-wet trigger cycle stimulates bloomingToxic to pets
Rosette PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Rosette Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in the growing season; reduce significantly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Rotala 'H'ra'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Submerged permanently; 30-50% aquarium water changes weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Rotala indicaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Submerged permanently; 30-50% aquarium water changes weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Rotala macrandraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Submerged permanently; 30-50% aquarium water changes weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Rotala nanjenshanBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Submerged permanently; 30-50% aquarium water changes weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Rotala wallichiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Submerged permanently; 30-50% aquarium water changes weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Roth's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times a week; soak 10–20 minutes weekly if conditions are dryPet-safe
Rothschild's BulbophyllumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist in growth; water every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Rothschild's BulbophyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top layer of the medium begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Rothschild's CirrhopetalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5-7 days during the growing season; every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Round-leaf Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in the growing season; reduce significantly in winterPet-safe
Round-leaf RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during spring and summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Round-Leaved RhoogetonLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 4–6 days; keep substrate consistently moistPet-safe
Round-leaved WintergreenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist; water whenever the top 1–2 cm of soil begins to dryMildly toxic to pets
Round-lobed HepaticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during active growth; minimal in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Roundleaf SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep saturated; stand in 1-3 cm of pure water through the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Rowlee's PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days in summer; every 2–4 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Roxburgh's TyphoniumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during growing season; withhold in dormancyToxic to pets
Roxburgh's TyphoniumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry during active growth; dry dormancy over winterToxic to pets
Royal Flush Split RockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only during active growth: late summer through winter and into early spring; stop completely while leaves are splittingPet-safe
Ruby Glow PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in spring/summer; every 4–6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Rudbeckia 'Toto Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in containersMildly toxic to pets
Ruedebusch's SchwantesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the autumn-winter growing season; taper in spring; almost none from late spring through summerMildly toxic to pets
Ruellia devosianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 4-6 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Rusch's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during the active autumn-to-spring period; completely dry in summerPet-safe
Ruschia uncinataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growthMildly toxic to pets
Rusty PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; every 2–3 weeks in autumn and winterPet-safe
Rustyback FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Infrequently; allow to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Ryegrass Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times per week or soak for 20 minutes weeklyPet-safe
Sad BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Refresh central cup every 5–7 days; soil every 2–3 weeksPet-safe
Saffron Air PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Twice weekly in summer, once weekly in winterPet-safe
Sagittaria subulataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently submerged; maintain water level and do 25-30% partial water changes weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Saintpaulia 'Buckeye Fanfare'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the mix is just dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Saintpaulia 'Jolly Ellie'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface of the mix is just dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Saintpaulia 'Mac's Black Pearl'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Saintpaulia 'Ness' Dipity'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the mix is just dry to the touch, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Saintpaulia 'Optimara Montana'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface of the mix is just dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Saintpaulia 'Powderpuff'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface of the mix is just dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Saintpaulia 'Rob's Boolaroo'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the mix feels just dry, typically every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Saintpaulia 'Winter Lace'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the mix feels just dry, about every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Salvia splendens 'Sizzler Burgundy'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Salvia splendens 'Vista Red'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-4 days in summer heatPet-safe
Salvinia molestaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep floating on warm, calm freshwater at all times; top up evaporationMildly toxic to pets
Salvinia natansBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep floating on calm freshwater continuously; replace evaporated water as neededMildly toxic to pets
San Gabriel Mountains LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks autumn through spring; none or minimal in summerPet-safe
Sand CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; keep dry in summerToxic to pets
Sand Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Sand EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sand PhloxDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks once established; drought-tolerantPet-safe
Sand PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water only when soil is completely dry, roughly every 2–3 weeks in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sand RoseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10–14 days in summer and every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sandy SulcorebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; very sparingly or not at all in winterPet-safe
Sansevieria BallyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria ConcinnaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, every 2-3 weeks (less in winter)Toxic to pets
Sansevieria Ehrenbergii SamuraiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria EilensisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is bone dry, roughly every 3-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria GracilisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria HahniiLow light (north window or shaded room)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria IntermediaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is completely dry, about every 2-3 weeks in summer and monthly in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria PhillipsiaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, about every 3 weeks in summer and every 4-6 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Sansevieria PinguiculaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria StarfishBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria SubspicataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata CleopatraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Golden HahniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Night OwlMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata Silver HahniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-4 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata TwistMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sansevieria Trifasciata WhitneyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets
Sarcochilus ceciliaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 2-4 days in growth, allowing the medium to approach dryness between wateringsPet-safe
Sarcochilus falcatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 2-3 days, keeping the roots moist but well airedPet-safe
Sarcochilus hartmanniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water every 2-4 days, keeping the medium damp but never waterloggedPet-safe
Sardinian Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; natural rainfall sufficient in most temperate climatesMildly toxic to pets
Sardinian Glory of the SnowBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall during spring; water only if conditions are exceptionally dryToxic to pets
Sarracenia MinorDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep permanently wet; stand the pot in 1-3 cm of pure water during the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sarracenia RubraDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the soil constantly wet; stand the pot in 1-3 cm of water during the growing seasonPet-safe
Sarracenia-like sun pitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily; keep media permanently moistPet-safe
Sawtooth Venus flytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep continuously moist via the tray methodPet-safe
Scabiosa columbaria 'Butterfly Blue'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil dries; about weekly in the growing seasonPet-safe
Scaped BergeranthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; every 3-4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Scarlet Ball CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; sparingly in winterPet-safe
Scarlet Ball CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, every 7-10 days in spring and summer; every 3-5 weeks in autumn; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Scarlet FreesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate during active growth; dry during summer dormancyPet-safe
Scarlet MaxillariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in growth, reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Scarlet SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray method in winter–spring; reduce or cease in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Schaefer's TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in autumn–spring growing season; once per month or less in summerToxic to pets
Schied's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Schismatoglottis MotleyanaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is just dry, roughly every 5-7 days, keeping it evenly moistToxic to pets
Schismatoglottis PrietoiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Schwantes' Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-21 days during the active autumn-to-spring period; none in summerPet-safe
Schwantes' Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in autumn; withhold in summer and winterPet-safe
Schwantesia pillansiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when soil is completely dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growth; keep nearly dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Scilla sibericaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in most settings; rarely needs wateringMildly toxic to pets
Scot's Maidenhair SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep the gritty mix lightly and evenly moist; water when the surface starts to dryPet-safe
Scott's AngraecumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily during growing season (approx. 10 months), every other day in December–JanuaryPet-safe
Sea LettuceBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in winter (active growth); monthly or less in summer (dormancy)Pet-safe
Sea Mouse-earDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; rely on rainfall in outdoor settingsMildly toxic to pets
Sea SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1–2 cm of growing medium feels dryPet-safe
Sea Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; this species is adapted to dry, free-draining coastal soilsMildly toxic to pets
Sea ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Sea Urchin CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, roughly weekly to fortnightly in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Sea Urchin CopiapoaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days in summer; once a month or completely dry in winterPet-safe
Sedum palmeriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is dry, about every 10-14 days in summer, sparingly in winterPet-safe
Seersucker PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-9 daysMildly toxic to pets
Sekete's RestrepiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days; keep evenly moistPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Black'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, every 10-14 days in growth; very little in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Commander Hay'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when fully dry in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Emerald Empress'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer, far less if grown outdoors in the groundPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Killer'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; almost none in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Oddity'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, sparingly; roughly every 2 weeks in summer and minimal in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Pacific Blue Ice'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Red Lion'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; almost none in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum 'Reinhard'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when fully dry in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum calcareumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks in growth, only when the soil is fully dry; little to none in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum heuffeliiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, sparingly; roughly every 2 weeks in summer and very little in winterPet-safe
Sempervivum montanumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-3 weeks when soil is fully dry in growth; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Serissa BonsaiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the surface just starts to dry, often every 1-3 days in growthPet-safe
Sessile BellwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep soil moist in spring and early summer. Tolerates periodic dryness once established.Pet-safe
Seven-Spined DiscocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Shade MudflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fully submerged — permanent aquatic plantPet-safe
Shadow AdromischusMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 weeks in the active season; monthly in winterPet-safe
Shaggy TrichodiademaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days during winter-spring growth period; very sparingly (once monthly) in summer dormancyPet-safe
Shand's GibbaeumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during active growth (autumn and spring); withheld in summer dormancy and reduced to once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Shark Teeth Venus flytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Continuously moist via tray watering; slightly drier in winterPet-safe
Sharp-lobed BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in the growing season; less in winterToxic to pets
Sharp-lobed HepaticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in spring; reduced to every 10–14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Sharp-petaled SchwantesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days during autumn and winter growth; once a month in spring; none or minimal in summerMildly toxic to pets
Sharp-tipped LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; keep roots consistently moistPet-safe
sheep's fescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low; once established, relies on natural rainfall in temperate climates; water monthly if needed during prolonged droughtPet-safe
Shield SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray-water during active growth (autumn–spring); completely dry in summer.Pet-safe
Shining CinquefoilDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during active growth; very sparsely in winterPet-safe
Shining CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; water only in prolonged droughtPet-safe
Shining SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growth; greatly reduced to near-dry during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Shining SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method — keep 1 cm of pure water at all timesPet-safe
Short-Horned SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Constantly moist — tray method year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Short-Leaved AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summerToxic to pets
Short-Sepalled LewisiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; bone-dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Short-stalk SophronitisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark surface dries, roughly every 5-7 days in summer; every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Short-stemmed MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–4 weeks in growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Short-Stemmed MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in active growth; less in hot summer monthsPet-safe
Short-stemmed RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; medium kept evenly moistPet-safe
Showy Autumn CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall when established; no summer irrigationToxic to pets
Showy Autumn CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; rarely needs supplementary watering in the gardenToxic to pets
Showy LaeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; once every 2–4 weeks during dry restPet-safe
Showy SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep soil slightly moist during growth; dry off in autumnPet-safe
Shrubby Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late summer through early spring; completely dry in June–AugustPet-safe
Siberian Mountain HeathBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water regularly to keep soil evenly and consistently moist; never allow to dry out.Mildly toxic to pets
Sibthorp's EverlastingDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in growing season; sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sieber's CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water at planting, then rely on rainfall during active growth; keep dry in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Sieber's CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall typically sufficient; supplement with light watering weekly only during prolonged dry spells in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Sierra Cliff Brake FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-21 days depending on season and environmentPet-safe
Signet marigoldDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once or twice weekly; allow top 2 cm of soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Signet Marigold 'Lemon Gem'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 4-7 days; containers more oftenMildly toxic to pets
Silky PetrocosmeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 10–14 days in growth; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Silver Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak for 20–30 minutes twice a week; mist 2–3 times weeklyPet-safe
Silver Ball CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the mix is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; none in winterPet-safe
Silver Ball CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in autumn; once monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Silver Ball NotocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Silver Ball NotocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 10-14 days in summer; sparingly once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Silver Cluster CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; withhold in winterPet-safe
Silver ShamrockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Silver Star BromeliadBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Silver Star BromeliadMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 1-2 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Silver Waves CotyledonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is almost dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerToxic to pets
Silver-edged PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Silver-leaf SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; water very sparingly or not at all during dormancyPet-safe
Silver-Veined TaroMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysToxic to pets
Silvery StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; keep medium consistently moistPet-safe
Simple-leaf astilbeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist — water 2–3 times per week in dry spellsPet-safe
Simpson's JuttadinteriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 days in the active season (autumn and spring); very sparingly in summerMildly toxic to pets
Simulated Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly soak of 20–30 minutesPet-safe
Single-Flowered BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate permanently moist to wet throughout the growing season; reduce to just damp in cooler winter monthsMildly toxic to pets
Single-Leaf BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days (keep compost evenly moist but never waterlogged)Toxic to pets
Single-leaf Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)every 7–10 days in the growing season, reduce to every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Sinningia 'Duchess of York'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of mix is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthPet-safe
Sinningia 'Empress'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, keeping the mix evenly moist during active growthPet-safe
Sinningia 'Li'l Georgie'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1 cm of soil is dry, about every 4-7 daysPet-safe
Sinningia 'Prudence Risley'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthPet-safe
Sinningia concinnaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly lightly moist while in growth, watering when the surface just dries, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Sinningia eumorphaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in active growthPet-safe
Siskiyou LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular in spring/summer; very sparing in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sky PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly, or mist several times a week; more often in dry, warm roomsPet-safe
Slack's SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Tray-water continuously during active growth; allow tray to dry slightly during the mild winter rest (does not have a hard dormancy).Pet-safe
Slanted Air PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Mist 3–4 times per week; soak in cool water for 15–20 minutes every 5–7 days.Pet-safe
Slender AnubiasLow light (north window or shaded room)Submerged aquatic — 20-30% weekly water changes recommended.Toxic to pets
Slender AubrietaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Slender FraileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Slender IceplantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly; allow soil to dry completely between wateringsPet-safe
Slender SonerilaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days; maintain consistent moisture without saturationPet-safe
Slender-Leaved SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep substrate consistently moist via a shallow tray; refresh water every few daysPet-safe
Slender-lined Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequent — one or two waterings during the autumn growth window (September–November); completely dry for 7–8 months of the yearPet-safe
Slender-stalked BillbergiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 daysPet-safe
Slim-leaved BiarumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly in autumn and winter; keep completely dry from late spring through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Slipper GastrochilusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mount: daily misting; pot: every 3-4 days during growth, every 7-10 days in winterPet-safe
Small Cape PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)every 7–10 days in the growing season, every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Small Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall usually sufficient; water once per week only if spring is unusually dryToxic to pets
Small-flowered Cape PrimroseMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7-10 days in active growth; every 3 weeks in winterPet-safe
Small-Flowered CranesbillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low; water sparingly and only in droughtPet-safe
Small-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–5 weeks in winterPet-safe
Small-scaled PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate; allow soil to approach dryness between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Smelly DorsteniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Snake's Head IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in autumn to spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Snapdragon AchimenesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist during the growing season (spring–autumn); withhold entirely during winter dormancyPet-safe
Sneed's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; almost none in winterPet-safe
Snow Crystals Sweet AlyssumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 5-7 days in warm weatherPet-safe
Snow TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during spring growth; dry summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Snow-in-SummerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Snow-white Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of the mix is dry, approximately every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Snowball PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, about every 10-14 days in summer; keep dry through winterPet-safe
Snowcap CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Social Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak twice weekly or mist dailyPet-safe
Socotra BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days during the growing season (autumn–spring); completely dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Sodiros MonopyleLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 4–6 days; keep substrate evenly moistPet-safe
Soft DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — keep almost dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Soft-leaf Dunce CapBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Approximately every 12–14 days in the growing season; very sparingly in winter dormancyPet-safe
soft-leaf primulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–12 days in spring–summer; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Soft-Stemmed BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 6–8 days in active growth, reduced in winterToxic to pets
Sonerila heterostemonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist in the growing season, watering as the surface starts to dry, about every 4-6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Sooty CoelogyneBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Sophronitis coccineaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-4 days; keep evenly moist year-roundPet-safe
Sorbet XP Mix ViolaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 4–6 daysMildly toxic to pets
Spanish BluebellMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Low to moderate; largely self-sufficient once establishedToxic to pets
Spanish DrabaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; allow soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Spanish HouseleekDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month in winterPet-safe
Spanish StonecropDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — drought-tolerant; water only in very dry spellsPet-safe
Spartan Cliff StonecropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; monthly or less in autumn/winterMildly toxic to pets
Spatulate DendrobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly through warm growth; reduced over a cool, brighter winter restPet-safe
Spegazzini's GymnocalyciumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summer; every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Spider CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Spider IrisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in winter growing season; bone dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Spike Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 weeks during the growing season; sparingly in winter (once a month or less)Pet-safe
Spike MossLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep the soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days or whenever the surface begins to dryPet-safe
Spiked PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in summer; every 2–3 days in winterPet-safe
Spinulose Lady FernLow light (north window or shaded room)2–3 times per week; keep consistently moist year-roundPet-safe
Spiny GermanderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very infrequently once established; water lightly only during extreme summer droughtMildly toxic to pets
Spiny OrostachysDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; almost none in winter dormancyPet-safe
Spiny RacinaeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 3-5 times per week or soak in water for 20-30 minutes 1-2 times per weekPet-safe
Spiny RuschiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Spinystar CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the potting mix is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; almost none from October to MarchPet-safe
Spiral Corkscrew PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the substrate permanently moist using the tray method with 1-2 cm of distilled water; never allow to dry outPet-safe
Splash Polka Dot PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in active growth; reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Split RockDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Soak-and-dry, only when fully dry — roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth; little to none in summer and winterPet-safe
Spoon-leaved AloinopsisDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from autumn through early spring; minimal or none June–AugustPet-safe
Spoon-leaved SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly wet; stand in 1-2 cm of water year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Spotted AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Spotted NeoregeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; allow potting medium to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Spotted SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growth; withhold almost entirely during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Spotted TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during active growth; minimal when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Spotted-foot StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days (mounted) or 2–3 times per week (potted)Pet-safe
Spreading AchimenesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Evenly moist during the growing season; completely dry during winter rhizome dormancyPet-safe
Spreading SelaginellaLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep evenly moist; water every 3-5 days ensuring the soil never dries outPet-safe
Spreading Spike MossMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil consistently moist; check every 2-3 daysPet-safe
Sprengel's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak weekly; mist 2–3 times per weekPet-safe
Spring BeautyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate during active growth (February–May); none needed during summer dormancy.Pet-safe
Spring Cinquefoil (Potentilla tabernaemontani)Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Spring CyclamenBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry during active growth (autumn through spring); withhold during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Spring CyclamenMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days during active growthToxic to pets
Spring GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular; keep soil evenly moist, never waterloggedMildly toxic to pets
Spring Meadow SaffronDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent through winter and spring; dry summer restToxic to pets
Spring SnowflakeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly during growth (late winter–spring); reduced but not dry in summerToxic to pets
Spring StarflowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Occasional in autumn and spring; dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Spring Symphony FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Approximately every 5–7 days; more frequently in heat or droughtPet-safe
SquinancywortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rarely — only during prolonged droughtMildly toxic to pets
Squirrel CornMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 3-5 days in spring growing season; no irrigation once dormantToxic to pets
Squirrel's Foot FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of the potting medium feels dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Stapelia flavopurpureaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Stapelia grandifloraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summerPet-safe
Stapelia hirsutaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summerPet-safe
Stapelia hirsuta var. vetulaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil has dried out, roughly every 1-2 weeks in warm growthMildly toxic to pets
Stapelia leendertziaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing seasonPet-safe
Stapelia variegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in spring and summerPet-safe
Stapelia-Like MonadeniumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is mostly dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and every 4 weeks in winterToxic to pets
Star CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2-4 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Star FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Star FraileaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Star of BethlehemBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Relies on natural rainfall; supplement only during extended dry spells in springToxic to pets
Star Window PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summerPet-safe
Starfish SansevieriaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks (longer in winter)Toxic to pets
StarflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil consistently moist throughout the growing season (spring through autumn).Pet-safe
Staurogyne repensBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Fully submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Steinmann's RebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–10 days in summer; every 14–21 days in spring and autumn; very little or none in winterPet-safe
Stemless GentianBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular, keeping soil evenly moist throughout the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Stemless ThistleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — fully drought tolerantMildly toxic to pets
Stenocactus crispatusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Stenocactus MulticostatusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is fully dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer; keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Stephan's Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late August through November (active growth); withheld completely from May to late AugustPet-safe
Sticky PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regularly in spring and summer; minimal in winterToxic to pets
Stinking TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist to damp through the growing season; reduce after summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Stoloniferous SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray method during winter growing season; completely dry during summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Stomandra Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days; keep compost lightly and evenly moistPet-safe
Stone Mimicry PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn and spring; almost none in summer (June–August in the Northern Hemisphere)Mildly toxic to pets
Stonecrop RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Stonecrop-leaf AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the active growing season (autumn to spring); once a month or less in summerPet-safe
straight-leaved butterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when top of mix feels barely dry (summer); reduce to very occasional misting (winter)Pet-safe
Strap Water FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep soil consistently moist; water every 3-5 days in summer and reduce slightly in winterPet-safe
Strap-leaf PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days in active growth; reduce slightly during winter dormancyPet-safe
Stratiotes aloidesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Submerged to surface-floating; keep in still water 0.3-1.5 m deepMildly toxic to pets
Strawberry CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Streptocarpus 'Black Panther'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Streptocarpus 'Chorus Line'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Streptocarpus 'Falling Stars'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Streptocarpus 'Harlequin Blue'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Streptocarpus 'Polka-Dot Purple'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Streptocarpus 'Purple Haze'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry, about every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Stribrny's SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly; keep almost dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Striped NananthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; minimal in summerMildly toxic to pets
Striped SquillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular during growth; dry when dormantMildly toxic to pets
Striped TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in winter (growing season); suspend almost entirely in summerToxic to pets
Strobel's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; keep substrate evenly moist throughout the yearPet-safe
Strobel's MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water freely when the medium begins to approach dryness, roughly every 1-2 days in summerPet-safe
Sublime Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top of the mix is just barely drying, roughly every 5-7 daysMildly toxic to pets
Sukhakul's Slipper OrchidMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the surface of the mix starts to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Sulcorebutia rauschiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in summer, roughly every 12-14 days; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Sulcorebutia steinbachiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry in summer, roughly every 10-14 days; none in winterPet-safe
Sulphur CloverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Low to moderate; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Sulphur-Yellow DyckiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the mix is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer; every 30-45 days in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sun Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in the growing season; nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Sun Cup CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; monthly or less in autumn and winterPet-safe
Sun PitcherBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist; water from above or stand in a shallow tray of pure waterMildly toxic to pets
Sun Pitcher (Heliamphora)Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep moist year-round; tray method with no more than ~6 mm (1/4 in) standing waterMildly toxic to pets
Sun Pitcher PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep pitchers partially filled with distilled water; water substrate when surface begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 days in warm conditionsPet-safe
Sunken PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; never allow to dry out completelyPet-safe
Sunrise Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Sunrise SucculentBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 10–14 days in summer and every 3–5 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Sunsatia Mango NemesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of compost is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Sunsatia Plus Coconut NemesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil or compost is dry, roughly every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Super Kabuto Star CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in growth; none in winterPet-safe
Superb StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–3 days; mounted plants may need daily watering in summerPet-safe
Sutherland's Ice PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 7-14 days in growing season; reduce to monthly in winterPet-safe
Sweet alyssumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; drought-tolerant once establishedPet-safe
Sweet TrichopiliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of medium is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in summer; reduce to every 10-14 days in winterPet-safe
Sweet White VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular; keep soil consistently moistPet-safe
Swertia-leaf ScaphosepalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface is barely beginning to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Swingle's primulinaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 8–12 days in spring–summer; every 16–21 days in winterPet-safe
Swiss Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly year-round; almost dry in winterPet-safe
Swollen-stem TylecodonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (autumn–spring); once monthly or none in summerToxic to pets
Sword-Leaved Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2-3 times per week or soak 20 minutes weeklyPet-safe
Tagetes erecta 'Inca Gold'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-4 daysPet-safe
Tagetes erecta 'Taishan Orange'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-4 daysPet-safe
Tagetes patula 'Boy Orange'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Tagetes patula 'Janie Bright Yellow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Tagetes tenuifolia 'Tangerine Gem'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Tail-leaf TolumniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When roots appear silvery and the leaf base is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Tailed MasdevalliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily in warm weather; every 3–5 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Taita African violetBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Taiwan Felt FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7-10 days; allow surface to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Tamis ChiritaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Tanquana hilmariiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparing from autumn to spring; withhold in summerMildly toxic to pets
Tanquana prismaticaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparing in autumn-spring; near-zero in summerMildly toxic to pets
Tassel Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once per week during spring growth; very dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Tasteless StonecropBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14-21 days in spring and summer; monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Tavaresia barklyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in warm growth; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tavaresia grandifloraBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in warm growth; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tawny Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Seasonally — water sparingly in autumn (September–November) during active growth; keep completely dry in winter and summerPet-safe
Taxiphyllum sp. 'Flame'Low light (north window or shaded room)Fully submerged; 25-50% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Tayabas BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 6–9 days, allowing only the top 1–2 cm to dry between wateringsToxic to pets
Teague's PorroglossumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; allow medium surface to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Tectured SchismatoglottisLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 7–10 days; adjust based on humidity and temperatureToxic to pets
Telstar Mix China PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Tenby DaffodilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 3-5 cm of soil is dry during active growth, roughly every 7-10 daysToxic to pets
Tentacle LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting or continuous humidity; never allow roots to fully dryPet-safe
TephrocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is completely dry, sparingly every 2-3 weeks in summer; keep bone-dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tessellated ColchicumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; water lightly after planting, then rely on rainfall during autumn–spring growthToxic to pets
Texas Barrel CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Texas Bluebonnet Subsp.Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; relies on autumn and winter rainfall; no regular supplemental watering needed once establishedToxic to pets
Texas Nipple CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-14 days in summer and once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Texas Rainbow CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Thai Silk California poppyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once weekly during establishment; every 2 weeks once establishedMildly toxic to pets
Thelma's BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days, allowing the top 2 cm of compost to partially dryToxic to pets
Thelocactus bicolorDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in summer; none in winterPet-safe
Thelocactus hexaedrophorusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the mix is fully dry, roughly every 12-16 days in summer; none in winterPet-safe
Thelocactus setispinusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the mix dries, roughly every 7-12 days in growth; keep dry in winterPet-safe
Theresa's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 6-8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Thick-leaf PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in the growing season; every 4–5 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Thimble CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; keep nearly dry in winterPet-safe
Thin-Leaved Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per weekPet-safe
Thin-Spiked Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week (misting) or weekly soakPet-safe
Thorny Chin CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in summer; every 5–8 weeks in winterPet-safe
Thorny SpeckliniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; do not allow complete dryingPet-safe
Thread-Leaved Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times per week, or soak for 20–30 minutes once a weekPet-safe
Three-awn TrisetellaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the medium surface just begins to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Three-Colored LycasteBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in growth; reduce to every 10–14 days in winterPet-safe
Three-Coloured BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate consistently moist; water tray method year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Three-Leaved Stork's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water moderately in the growing season; keep nearly dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Three-Nerved PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days (allow soil to dry between waterings)Pet-safe
Three-Part BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days (water when the top 2 cm of compost feels dry)Toxic to pets
ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 7–14 days, allowing soil to dry between wateringsPet-safe
Thyme-Leaved EdraianthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Thyme-leaved SandwortDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low; water sparingly, allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Tiger AloeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in active growth, sparingly in summer dormancy and winterToxic to pets
Tiger JawsBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2-3 weeks in spring-autumn; roughly monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tiger Kitten BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days; allow top 2 cm to dryToxic to pets
Tiger Moth OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark is nearly dry, typically every 6-9 daysPet-safe
Tiger Paws BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-7 days in growthToxic to pets
Tiger Tooth AloeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 1-2 weeks in summer, monthly in winterToxic to pets
Tiger TrichocentrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the bark approaches dryness, every 7-10 days; reduce slightly in cooler monthsPet-safe
Tillandsia aeranthosBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weeklyPet-safe
Tillandsia AndreanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2-3 times a week and soak 20-30 minutes every 1-2 weeks, more often in dry heatPet-safe
Tillandsia BaileyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak for 20-30 minutes weekly, with extra misting in dry or hot spellsPet-safe
Tillandsia bergeriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly; mist between soaks in dry airPet-safe
Tillandsia brachycaulosBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weeklyPet-safe
Tillandsia bulbosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly, plus misting between soaks in dry airPet-safe
Tillandsia butziiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly; mist between soaks if dryPet-safe
Tillandsia CapitataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak fully every 7-10 days, plus mist 2-3 times weekly in dry or warm conditionsPet-safe
Tillandsia caput-medusaeBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes every 1-2 weeks; mist between soaksPet-safe
Tillandsia ConcolorBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak fully every 7-10 days, plus mist 1-2 times weekly in dry airPet-safe
Tillandsia fuchsiiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2-3 times weekly or soak 20-30 minutes weeklyPet-safe
Tillandsia GardneriBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist thoroughly 3-4 times a week; brief 10-15 minute soaks every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Tillandsia ionantha 'Druid'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly, with misting between soaks in dry roomsPet-safe
Tillandsia ionantha 'Fuego'Bright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly, plus misting between soaks in dry roomsPet-safe
Tillandsia junceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weeklyPet-safe
Tillandsia leiboldianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; soak or rinse weeklyPet-safe
Tillandsia magnusianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2-3 times a week, or briefly dunk every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Tillandsia paleaceaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2-3 times a week, or soak briefly every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Tillandsia PruinosaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist or dunk 2-4 times weekly; soak briefly every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Tillandsia pseudobaileyiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak or dunk every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Tillandsia recurvifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly; mist between soaks if air is dryPet-safe
Tillandsia schiedeanaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak or dunk every 7-10 days, or mist 2-3 times weeklyPet-safe
Tillandsia SelerianaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes every 1-2 weeks; mist only lightly between soaksPet-safe
Tillandsia StreptophyllaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes every 1-2 weeks; mist sparingly between soaksPet-safe
Tillandsia strictaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly, plus misting between soaks in dry roomsPet-safe
Tillandsia tectorumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist lightly every 10-14 days; soak only rarelyPet-safe
Tillandsia tricolorBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes once a week, or mist 2-3 times weeklyPet-safe
Tillandsia VelutinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly, misting more often in warm, dry conditionsPet-safe
Tina butterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep media lightly damp during carnivorous phase; allow to nearly dry during succulent winter phasePet-safe
Tiny Dunce CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 1–2 weeks during active growth; very sparingly in winter dormancyPet-safe
Tiny Sea LavenderDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — water sparingly, allowing soil to dry completely between sessionsPet-safe
Tiny StelisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days; medium should not dry out completelyPet-safe
Tiny Sun MammillariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer and once every 6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Tiny SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Shallow water tray in winter–spring; dry rest in summerMildly toxic to pets
Tiraque SulcorebutiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in active growth; once a month or less from October to FebruaryPet-safe
Titanopsis Hugo-SchlechteriDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Mainly in autumn through spring, every 2-3 weeks when the soil is fully dry; sparing in hot summerMildly toxic to pets
Titanopsis primosiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)In autumn-spring growth once soil is fully dry; withhold through summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Titanopsis schwantesiiDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)During autumn-spring growth when soil is fully dry; near-zero in summerMildly toxic to pets
Toadshade TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist during spring and summer growing season; allow soil to dry slightly after summer dormancy.Mildly toxic to pets
Tolumnia variegataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Daily to every other day when mounted; allow to dry fully betweenPet-safe
Tom Thumb CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in spring/summer; every 3-4 weeks in autumn; once or twice in winterMildly toxic to pets
Tom Thumb CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top of the soil is dry, about every 7-10 days in summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Tommies CrocusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)No supplemental watering needed once established; relies on winter and spring rainfallMildly toxic to pets
Tongue FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of medium is dry, roughly every 7-10 daysPet-safe
Tongue Leaf PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn and spring; very sparingly in summer and winterMildly toxic to pets
Tongue Water TrumpetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Permanently submerged or saturated substrate; never allow to dryToxic to pets
ToothwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)2–3 times per week during the brief spring growth period; essentially none during summer dormancyPet-safe
Top-shaped Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in autumn; none in summer or winterPet-safe
Topsy Turvy EcheveriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
TormentilBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate; keep soil lightly moist but not wetPet-safe
Transparent-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow compost to dry between waterings)Pet-safe
Transylvanian HepaticaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days in spring and autumn; every 10–14 days in summerMildly toxic to pets
Transylvanian PinkDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Infrequent; allow soil to dry well between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Treasure flowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days once established; weekly when youngMildly toxic to pets
Triangular MasdevalliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily in hot weather; every 2–3 days in spring and autumnPet-safe
Tricolor BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate saturated or in a shallow tray of 1–3 cm of water at all timesPet-safe
Trim GreenhoodMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Lightly moist during active growth (autumn–spring), roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Tropical Dewy PineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep medium wet to moist at all times; tray method with 1–2 cm waterPet-safe
Tropical SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep tray permanently wetPet-safe
Trumpet GentianDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular during the growing season; reduced but not eliminated in winterMildly toxic to pets
Truncate HaworthiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When soil is fully dry, about every 10-14 days in active growth, minimal in winterPet-safe
Tsusima Holly FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 1-2 cm of soil begins to dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Tuberous CranesbillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly in summer; moderate in spring growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
Tuerckheim's PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days in summer; every 3–5 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Tulipa 'Angelique'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; dry off as foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Ice Cream'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist during autumn rooting and spring growth; dry off as foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Monsella'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moist in active spring growth; dry through summer dormancyToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Prinses Irene'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep soil moist while growing in spring; let bulbs stay dry in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Tulipa 'Tulipa clusiana'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall in spring; keep dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Tulista MarginataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 2-3 weeks in growth; monthly in winterPet-safe
Tulista PumilaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in growth; monthly in winterPet-safe
Tunbridge Filmy FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously moist — never allow fronds to dry; mist 2–3 times daily or maintain in an enclosed humid environmentMildly toxic to pets
Tuolumne Fawn LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist during growth (late winter to early summer); do not allow to dry out even during dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Turbinicarpus pseudomacrocheleDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when fully dry in summer, roughly every 2 weeks; none in winterPet-safe
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Sparingly when fully dry in summer, roughly every 2-3 weeks; none in winterPet-safe
Turbinicarpus valdezianusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very sparingly when fully dry in the growing season, roughly every 2-3 weeks; none in winterPet-safe
Turbo PeperomiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days in terrariums; every 10–14 days in open potsPet-safe
Turk's Cap CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is fully dry, about every 1-2 weeks in summer; sparse in winterMildly toxic to pets
Turkestan RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; sparingly in autumn; almost none in winterPet-safe
Turkestan TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Minimal; water once at planting; rely on natural rainfall during growth; completely dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Turkish CatmintDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in summer; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Turkish RosulariaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
Tweedy's LewisiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Regular in spring; near-dry from midsummer to early autumnPet-safe
Twiggy LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily misting; substrate must stay consistently moistPet-safe
Twin-Flowered Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist 2–3 times per week, or a 20-minute soak once a weekPet-safe
Twin-flowered RuschiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; very sparingly (once every 3-4 weeks) in winterPet-safe
Twinkle OncidiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top of the mix begins to dry, about every 4-6 daysPet-safe
Twisted AichrysonBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in spring and summer; monthly in winterMildly toxic to pets
Twisted Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 20-30 minutes weekly; mist 2-3 times per weekPet-safe
Twisted RacinaeaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Mist or drench 3-4 times per week; central cup kept lightly moistPet-safe
Twisted RestrepiaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 2–4 days; maintain light but consistent moisturePet-safe
Twisted TrichopiliaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the medium is nearly dry at the surface, roughly every 5-8 days in active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in cooler months during restPet-safe
Twisted TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate moisture in spring; reduced in summer dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Two-colored LacaenaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the medium is nearly dry at the surface, roughly every 5-8 days in active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Two-edged PleurothallisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 days in warm months; every 2–3 days in winterPet-safe
Two-leaf SquillBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Naturally watered in spring; needs no supplemental irrigation once establishedToxic to pets
Two-Lobed Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Strictly seasonal: water sparingly from September to March (active growth and flowering); completely dry from April/May through AugustMildly toxic to pets
Two-Petal BegoniaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–10 days; less in cooler monthsToxic to pets
Typhonium browniiMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist in growth, watering when the top 2-3 cm dries; reduce sharply once foliage yellowsToxic to pets
Unarmed Hedgehog CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less in winterPet-safe
Unequal-Leaf GibbaeumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly in winter (active season); essentially zero in summer (June–September dormancy)Pet-safe
Unequal-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in the growing season; less in winterPet-safe
Unequal-leaf PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days during active growth; every 3–4 weeks in winterMildly toxic to pets
Urmia TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; dry in summerToxic to pets
Utricularia alpinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the mix moist to wet year-round, with a short drier rest possibleMildly toxic to pets
Utricularia bisquamataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the medium constantly wet, standing in a shallow trayMildly toxic to pets
Utricularia calycifidaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly wet by tray-standing year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Utricularia lividaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly wet by tray-standing year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Utricularia longifoliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep permanently wet via tray-standing year-roundMildly toxic to pets
Utricularia sandersoniiBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the media constantly wet, standing in 1-2 cm of waterMildly toxic to pets
Utricularia subulataDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep constantly wet to waterlogged; stand in 1-2 cm of water at all timesMildly toxic to pets
Valdez's Aztec CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the mix is nearly dry, roughly every 14-28 days in the growing season; once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Vallisneria-Leaved ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep constantly moist to wet during the growing season (spring–autumn); reduce to near-dry during winter hibernaculum phaseMildly toxic to pets
Vandeleur's Cape PrimroseBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days; allow compost to dry slightly between wateringsPet-safe
Vandell's Rock JasmineDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — water from below, keep dry in winterMildly toxic to pets
Variable Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Soak 30 minutes once or twice weekly; mist 2-3 times per weekPet-safe
Variable EpidendrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–7 days during growth; every 10–12 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Variable-Hair ChiritaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 daysPet-safe
Variable-Leaved ButterwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Tray-water in summer; bone-dry in winter bulb dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Variegated Bear's PawBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 3–4 weeks, or when soil is completely dryToxic to pets
Variegated Carrion FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 14–21 days in summer; very sparingly (once monthly or less) in winterPet-safe
Variegated Japanese SpurgeMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 5–7 days during establishment; once established, water during dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Variegated LiveforeverBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days from late autumn through spring when leaves are present; withhold completely in summer dormancyPet-safe
Variegated Moon CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Variegated XylobiumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Water when the top 2-3 cm of the potting medium is dry, roughly every 5-8 days in active growth; reduce to every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Variegated-Colour BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–14 days (allow the top 1–2 cm of compost to dry; err on the side of slight dryness)Toxic to pets
Varnished Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly soakPet-safe
Velick's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly soakPet-safe
Venus FlytrapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the medium permanently wet — stand the pot in 1-2 cm of rain or distilled water and top up so it never driesPet-safe
Venus Flytrap 'Dente'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)Keep the soil constantly wet; top up the tray as it dries, near-daily in summerPet-safe
Verity's LiveforeverDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the cool growing season (October–April); completely dry June–SeptemberPet-safe
Verschaffelt's PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in growing season; every 14–21 days in winterPet-safe
Villete's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Only when the plant's old leaf pair is fully shrivelled, roughly every 3–4 weeks during the autumn–winter growing period; none in summer dormancyPet-safe
Villete's Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks in autumn; none in summer or winterPet-safe
Viola 'Sorbet Raspberry'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 3-5 days; containers more oftenPet-safe
Viola × wittrockiana 'Delta Pure Yellow'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, typically every 3-5 days; containers dry fasterPet-safe
Viola cornuta 'Etain'Direct sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, generally every 3-5 days; more in containers and heatPet-safe
Violet Corkscrew PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate constantly moist to wet; shallow tray method recommendedMildly toxic to pets
Virgin BladderwortBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep substrate permanently moist; shallow tray methodMildly toxic to pets
Virginia Spring BeautyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Moderate in spring; negligible once dormant in summerPet-safe
Virginia StockBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Weekly (keep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged)Mildly toxic to pets
Volcanic PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Vriesea carinataBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the central cup filled; flush and refill every 1-2 weeksPet-safe
Wagner's Air PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)2–3 times per week (misting) or weekly soakPet-safe
Waldensian SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — allow soil to dry between waterings; withhold almost entirely in winterPet-safe
Walker's Water TrumpetLow light (north window or shaded room)Permanently submerged; never allow substrate to dryToxic to pets
Walking FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep substrate evenly moist at all times; check every 3-5 days and never let it dry fullyPet-safe
Wall MonanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 1–2 weeks in the growing season; every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Wall RueBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Rarely needs watering in the ground; water container plants only when the crevice substrate driesPet-safe
Wall-rue SpleenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Sparingly — only when the substrate is dry to the touchMildly toxic to pets
Wallis FescueDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days when established; minimal in winterPet-safe
Waras' ParodiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10-14 days in spring/summer; every 3-4 weeks in autumn; once in winter or withheld entirelyMildly toxic to pets
Warty GasteriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 2-3 weeks in summer, monthly or less in winterPet-safe
Warty Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14-21 days during active autumn-to-spring growth; completely none in summerPet-safe
Warty Living StonesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks in autumn; none in summer or deep winterPet-safe
Warty ScaphosepalumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the surface of the medium is just barely dry, roughly every 3-5 daysPet-safe
Watch Chain PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 1-2 weeks in spring/summer; roughly monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Water Clover FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Always in standing water; top up to keep the rhizome submergedMildly toxic to pets
Water HedgeDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully submerged; 25-30% water change weeklyMildly toxic to pets
Water Lily CactusBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in spring and summer; every 3-4 weeks in autumn; almost none in winterPet-safe
Water SpanglesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanent floating aquatic — sits on the water surfacePet-safe
Watercress FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the surface starts to dry, roughly every 3-5 daysMildly toxic to pets
Waterlily TulipDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Rainfall-dependent during growing season; needs dry summer dormancyToxic to pets
Waterwheel PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Fully submerged aquatic — water IS the growing mediumPet-safe
Wavy-margin PrimulinaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in spring and summer; every 3–4 weeks in autumn and winterMildly toxic to pets
Wax BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, about every 5-7 daysToxic to pets
Wax-Leaf BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1–2 cm of soil feels dryToxic to pets
Weasel StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
Weberbauer's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Near-daily misting; substrate must not dry completely at any pointPet-safe
Weeping MossMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Fully submerged — permanent aquatic plantPet-safe
Weltoniensis BegoniaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 2 cm of compost feels dryToxic to pets
Welwitsch's ThriftDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks; minimal in winterMildly toxic to pets
Wendland's BulbophyllumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regularly throughout the year; keep medium consistently moist in summer, slightly drier in winterPet-safe
Wendland's BulbophyllumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of the medium dries, roughly every 5-8 daysPet-safe
Wendland's LepanthesMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Daily or every 2 days; never dry outPet-safe
Wendt's Water TrumpetLow light (north window or shaded room)Keep permanently submerged or in constantly saturated, waterlogged substrateToxic to pets
Wenzel's Chain OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the top 1-2 cm of the potting medium feels dry, roughly every 5-7 daysPet-safe
Werner's Living StoneDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Once every 3–5 weeks during the autumn–winter growing period only; completely dry through spring and summerPet-safe
Western SundewDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Shallow tray method in winter–spring; dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Wherry's FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep soil evenly moist; water about weekly, more in dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
Wherry's FoamflowerMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Once or twice per week in the growing season; reduce significantly in winter.Mildly toxic to pets
White AnacampserosDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in summer and monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
White Dragon Mondo GrassMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the top 2–3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7–10 days in the growing seasonMildly toxic to pets
White Egret OrchidBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep consistently moist during active growth (spring–summer), roughly every 2-4 daysPet-safe
White FreesiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate during active growth (autumn to spring); completely dry during summer dormancyPet-safe
White JuttadinteriaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in the growing season (spring through autumn); very sparingly in winterMildly toxic to pets
White LaeliaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days in spring and autumn; once every 2–3 weeks in summer dry restPet-safe
White Magic FlowerBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep evenly moist spring through autumn; withhold entirely in winterPet-safe
White Magic Grape HyacinthDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderate in spring; dry from early summer through autumnMildly toxic to pets
White Marsh MarigoldBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently moist to boggy; crown should sit just above water levelMildly toxic to pets
White Marsh MarigoldBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Permanently moist to wet; boggy soil or shallow pondsideMildly toxic to pets
White Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Regular moisture with periodic dry spellsMildly toxic to pets
White Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Moderately during growth; a dry period followed by watering triggers bloomingToxic to pets
White Tiger JawsDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during the growing season (spring–autumn); once monthly or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
White Trout LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep consistently moist while in growth (spring); reduce after dormancyMildly toxic to pets
White Young's BarrenwortMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water weekly, or when the top 2 cm of soil dries, particularly during establishment; reduce frequency once settledMildly toxic to pets
White-Budded SundewBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Keep the tray permanently moist in the growing season; reduce in summer heat dormancyMildly toxic to pets
White-Flowered Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once a month or less from October to FebruaryPet-safe
White-haired Crown CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Weekly in summer; every 10–14 days in spring and autumn; once a month or none in winterPet-safe
White-Leaf PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; reduce to monthly or less in winterPet-safe
White-pink StomatiumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; every 4-6 weeks or less in winterMildly toxic to pets
White-red TrichocentrumBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When bark is nearly dry, every 6-9 days in growth; every 10-14 days in cooler, lower-light monthsPet-safe
White-Spined ThelocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is completely dry, roughly every 14-21 days in the growing season; suspend almost entirely in winter.Pet-safe
Whitley's SpeedwellDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days during active growth; minimal in winterPet-safe
Wide Eye PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn to late winter; none in summerPet-safe
Wide-leaved Grape HyacinthBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 7–10 days in spring; dry over summerMildly toxic to pets
Wild GazaniaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days (very drought-tolerant once established)Mildly toxic to pets
Wild pansyBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 5–7 days; keep soil evenly moist but not wetPet-safe
Wild's PincushionDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10-14 days in summer; once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Wilman's EbracteolaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days during the spring-autumn growing season; very sparingly (once every 4-6 weeks) in winterPet-safe
Wilmot's DinteranthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Autumn only (2 watering cycles); stop completely in spring while new leaves emerge; minimal in early winterPet-safe
Wilmot's DinteranthusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–5 weeks during autumn through early spring; completely dry June–AugustPet-safe
Wilson's Filmy FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Continuously moist — fronds must never dry; maintain in a sealed humid enclosure with permanent moisture at the rhizomesMildly toxic to pets
Wimsett Brake FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2 cm of soil feels dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summerPet-safe
Window PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 3–4 weeks in spring and summer; minimal in winterPet-safe
Wine Cups BabianaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water during active growth (autumn to spring); cease completely once foliage yellowsMildly toxic to pets
Winged Kacip FatimahLow light (north window or shaded room)Water when the top 1–2 cm of medium begins to dry; approximately every 4–7 days depending on temperature and humidityMildly toxic to pets
Winged PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks (allow compost to dry almost fully between waterings)Pet-safe
Winter AconiteMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Relies on natural rainfall; keep soil moist during active growthToxic to pets
Wire-stem TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season (autumn–spring); once per month or less in summer dormancyToxic to pets
Witteberg Cone PlantBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn–winter; almost none in summerPet-safe
Wittig's SophronitisBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the growing medium surface approaches dryness, roughly every 6-9 daysPet-safe
Wood AnemoneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during spring growth; none required during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Wood Forget-me-notMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Moderate; keep soil moist but well-drainedPet-safe
Woodsia ilvensisMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysMildly toxic to pets
Woodsia obtusaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 5-8 daysMildly toxic to pets
Woolly Lip FernBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When the soil is completely dry, approximately every 14-21 days in summer, monthly in winterPet-safe
Woolly SinningiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)When top 2–3 cm of compost feels dry during growthPet-safe
Woolly WeingartiaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the soil is fully dry, roughly every 10-14 days in the growing season; once monthly or less in winter.Pet-safe
Woven MatucanaDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 3-4 cm of soil is dry, every 10-14 days in summerPet-safe
Wulfen's AlyssumDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 14–21 days during growing season; very little in winterPet-safe
Yellow ArchangelMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Every 7–14 days; drought-tolerant once established in shadeMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Baby ToesDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during active growth (autumn through spring); essentially none through summer dormancyPet-safe
Yellow Bird's NestMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Maintain water in the central cup; water compost when mostly dry, roughly every 10-14 daysPet-safe
Yellow ClintoniaLow light (north window or shaded room)Twice weekly in dry spells; maintain even soil moisture throughout the growing seasonPet-safe
Yellow Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks in autumn; withhold entirely in summerPet-safe
Yellow Cone PlantDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks from late summer through early spring; fully dry throughout June–AugustPet-safe
Yellow CrocusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Very low — water once at planting; rainfall sufficient during growth; completely dry in summerMildly toxic to pets
Yellow FawnlilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Consistently moist during active growth (late winter to late spring); minimal after dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Yellow GesneriaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 4–5 days during growth; reduce in cooler monthsMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Glacier LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during spring growth; reduce sharply after dormancyMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Heron's BillDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Water sparingly every 10-14 days in summer; keep almost completely dry from late autumn to early springMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Living Rock CactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When soil is fully dry, roughly every 21 days in summer; near-dry in winterPet-safe
Yellow MonanthesBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Sparingly; roughly every 2–3 weeks during active growth (autumn–spring), barely at all in summerMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Mountain SaxifrageDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–4 days during the growing season; keep consistently moistPet-safe
Yellow PimpernelMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)High; keep consistently moistMildly toxic to pets
Yellow PromenaeaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water when the potting medium is nearly dry at the surface but still faintly moist below, roughly every 5-8 days in summer and every 10-14 days in cooler monthsPet-safe
Yellow Rain LilyDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)A dry period of 2-3 weeks followed by generous watering triggers flowers; moderate moisture otherwiseToxic to pets
Yellow TrilliumMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Regular during spring growing season; reduced once foliage dies back in summer.Mildly toxic to pets
Yellow Trout LilyMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Water regularly in spring; allow to dry naturally after dormancy sets inMildly toxic to pets
Yellow Water TrumpetMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Submerged aquatic plant — water changes of 20-30% weekly are recommended.Toxic to pets
Yellow Whitlow GrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low — allow soil to dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Yellow WhitlowgrassDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 10–14 days in the growing season; minimal in winterPet-safe
Yellow Wood AnemoneMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly during spring growth; dormant and dry in summerToxic to pets
Yellow Woodland VioletMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Weekly; maintain evenly moist soil throughout spring and summerMildly toxic to pets
Yellow-scaled TylecodonDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Every 2–3 weeks during active winter growth; completely dry during summer dormancyToxic to pets
Yellow-Spike PeperomiaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 10–14 days in summer, every 3–4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Yellow-White MaxillariaBright indirect light (just back from a sunny window)Every 2–3 days in growth, every 4–5 days in winterPet-safe
Yokosca Lady FernLow light (north window or shaded room)Every 2–3 days; keep soil moist to wetPet-safe
Yokosuka Lady FernMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Twice weekly during the growing season; reduce in winterMildly toxic to pets
Zecher's Air PlantMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Soak 30 minutes twice weekly; mist 2-3 times per week between soaksPet-safe
Zehtner's DiscocactusDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 4-5 cm of soil is completely dry, roughly every 10-14 days in summer; reduce to once every 4-6 weeks in winterPet-safe
Zehtner's Turk's CapDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)When the top 2-3 cm of soil is dry, roughly every 7-10 days in summer; reduce to once every 3-4 weeks in winterPet-safe
Zois's BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Low to moderate — water sparingly; allow to nearly dry between wateringsMildly toxic to pets
Zomicarpella amazonicaMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)Keep evenly moist in growth, surface just drying; reduce while restingMildly toxic to pets
Zoys's BellflowerDirect sun (at least 4-6 hours)Allow soil to dry between waterings; very sparingly in winterPet-safe
ZZ Plant ZenziMedium indirect light (a couple of metres from a window)When the top half of the soil is dry, roughly every 2-3 weeksToxic to pets

Best small & tabletop houseplants — frequently asked questions

What makes a plant one of the best small & tabletop houseplants?

This list is not hand-picked for looks. It is houseplants documented to mature at roughly 40 cm tall or less, excluding trailers (whose reach understates their footprint), drawn from Growli's structured plant-care library so the selection is consistent and checkable. 2571 plants qualify today.

How many small & tabletop houseplants are there?

Growli currently lists 2571 plants that meet the criterion (houseplants documented to mature at roughly 40 cm tall or less, excluding trailers (whose reach understates their footprint)). The list updates as the plant-care library grows; each entry links to a full care guide.

Are these plants safe for cats and dogs?

Not necessarily — this list is selected by houseplants documented to mature at roughly 40 cm tall or less, excluding trailers (whose reach understates their footprint), not by pet safety. Each plant is tagged with its pet-safety status below, and links to a full ASPCA-sourced pet-safety guide. If you have pets, see the dedicated best pet-safe houseplants list.

More plant shortlists

Care deep-dives gardeners ask for most

Once you have shortlisted a plant, the next questions are watering and soil. These are the guides searched most this season: