What's eating my calamondin orange?

Calamondin orange is attacked by a range of pests both indoors (as a houseplant) and outdoors. Scale insects and mealybugs are the worst indoor threats; outdoors, citrus leafminer tunnels through new growth and aphids mass on shoots. Birds peck at ripe fruit, and in warmer gardens vine weevil and caterpillars also cause damage.

Brown or white waxy bumps on stems and leaf undersides; heavy honeydew leads to black sooty mold coating foliage; weakens fruit production. Scrub off with a soft brush and soapy water; apply horticultural oil spray thoroughly; repeat every 2–3 weeks. Introduce parasitic wasps outdoors.

White cottony clusters at leaf axils, in the fruit calyx, and along stems; sticky honeydew and sooty mold; fruit quality declines. Dab with alcohol; spray with insecticidal soap or neem oil every 7–10 days. Indoors, isolate the plant immediately.

Silvery serpentine tunnels winding through young leaves; leaves curl and harden; worst on summer flush of growth outdoors. Remove and dispose of affected new leaves; spray new growth flushes with neem oil or spinosad; avoid excessive nitrogen that promotes soft growth.

Colonies on tender new shoots and flower buds; curled, distorted leaves; honeydew and ants attracted to the plant. Blast off with water; apply insecticidal soap spray. Manage ants (who protect aphid colonies from predators) with a sticky barrier on the trunk.