Cold hardiness & minimum temperature

Is Carob (Ceratonia siliqua)cold hardy? Hardiness zone & min temp

Also called Carob, Locust bean, St John's bread.

More about carob

About Carob

Ceratonia siliqua · also called Carob, Locust bean · tropical

Carob is a tough Mediterranean evergreen tree producing sweet brown pods used as a cocoa substitute and animal feed. Highly drought- and heat-tolerant, it thrives in full sun and poor, free-draining soil, and tolerates coastal and dry conditions. It is frost-tender when young but hardy to light frost once established. Slow-growing, long-lived and often dioecious, needing a male for pods.

Cold limit: USDA 9-11 · RHS H2 (15-35°C)

Watch for — Frost damage when young: Tender seedlings and young trees are injured by hard frost; protect until established, after which they tolerate light frost.

What carob's hardiness rating actually means

Carob is half-hardy (RHS H2). It survives a mild winter outdoors in a sheltered spot, but a hard frost kills it — so in colder zones it is lifted, potted, or grown as a tender plant. Its RHS rating of H2 means: Tender — survives a frost-free greenhouse or a very mild, sheltered spot. On the US scale that maps to USDA 9-11 — the zones where it can be left outdoors year-round.

New to these scales? The USDA hardiness zone map explained covers how the zone numbers work, and you can find your own zone with the zone finder.

Minimum temperature — and what happens below it

Minimum survivable temperature is roughly about 1 to 5 °C — tolerates cold but no real frost. Carob shrugs off cold nights but a real, sustained freeze will kill it.

Concretely, for carob as it gets too cold:

Down to roughly about 1 to 5 °C it copes, especially if dry and sheltered.
A sustained hard frost collapses the top growth; whether it returns depends on whether the roots, crown or tubers froze.
Wet cold is far more lethal than dry cold for this plant — soggy, frozen soil is the usual killer.

Can carob go outside or overwinter — and where?

It can live outside year-round only in the mildest, most sheltered part of USDA 9-11 or a frost-free UK microclimate.
In colder zones, grow it in a pot you can move under cover, or lift its tubers/roots and store them frost-free over winter.
A south-facing wall, free-draining soil and a dry winter position can push it a full zone hardier than the books suggest.

Work back from your local frost dates with the frost-date calculator: the last spring frost and first autumn frost are what really decide when carob can be outside. US growers can check USDA zones; UK growers should use the RHS hardiness ratings, which match the H2 figure above.

Frost protection for borderline carob

Carob is right on a hardiness edge in many gardens, so if you are pushing it, these measures buy it the margin it needs:

Mulch the crown or root zone deeply with bark, straw or leaf-mould before the first hard frost.
Move container plants against a warm wall or into an unheated but frost-free porch or greenhouse.
Fleece the top growth on the coldest nights, and keep it on the dry side — dry roots survive cold far better than wet ones.
Lift dahlia-type tubers or tender crowns after the first light frost blackens the foliage and store them somewhere cool but frost-free.

Carob hardiness — frequently asked questions

Is carob cold hardy?

Carob is half-hardy (RHS H2). It survives a mild winter outdoors in a sheltered spot, but a hard frost kills it — so in colder zones it is lifted, potted, or grown as a tender plant. Borderline outdoors. In its mild end of USDA 9-11 (and sheltered UK gardens) carob can stay out; in colder areas it must be lifted, brought in, or treated as a frost-tender plant.

What is the minimum temperature carob can survive?

Minimum survivable temperature is roughly about 1 to 5 °C — tolerates cold but no real frost. Carob shrugs off cold nights but a real, sustained freeze will kill it.

What hardiness zone is carob?

Carob is rated USDA 9-11 and RHS H2 — Tender — survives a frost-free greenhouse or a very mild, sheltered spot.

Can carob survive winter outside?

It can live outside year-round only in the mildest, most sheltered part of USDA 9-11 or a frost-free UK microclimate. In colder zones, grow it in a pot you can move under cover, or lift its tubers/roots and store them frost-free over winter. A south-facing wall, free-draining soil and a dry winter position can push it a full zone hardier than the books suggest.

How do I protect carob from frost?

Mulch the crown or root zone deeply with bark, straw or leaf-mould before the first hard frost. Move container plants against a warm wall or into an unheated but frost-free porch or greenhouse. Fleece the top growth on the coldest nights, and keep it on the dry side — dry roots survive cold far better than wet ones. Lift dahlia-type tubers or tender crowns after the first light frost blackens the foliage and store them somewhere cool but frost-free.