What's eating my zygopetalum orchid?

Zygopetalum orchids are cool-growing epiphytes that frequently suffer from spider mites when grown in centrally heated homes. Aphids are a second serious problem, targeting their long, strap-like leaves and showy flower spikes. Mealybugs and fungus gnats also occur. Keeping the growing area cool and well-ventilated reduces risk significantly.

Bronze or silver stippling on leaf surfaces; leaves feel gritty; fine webbing under leaves in advanced cases Raise humidity; rinse foliage frequently; apply neem oil or insecticidal soap spray every 5–7 days

Soft green or black insects on new leaves and flower spikes; distorted growth and sticky honeydew Blast off with water; spray with insecticidal soap; repeat weekly; introduce beneficial insects if outdoors

White cottony deposits at leaf axils and pseudobulb bases; plant vigour declines Remove with alcohol-tipped swab; follow with neem oil treatment; isolate the plant for 4 weeks

Adults fly around the mix; larvae feed on fine roots, causing wilting and stunted pseudobulbs Allow compost surface to dry between waterings; apply Bti drench; use yellow sticky traps near the pot