What's eating my winterberry holly 'winter red'?

Winterberry Holly 'Winter Red' is a native shrub most threatened by holly leafminer and scale, with deer browsing a serious winter concern — deer will strip the berries and foliage. The berry crop also attracts birds, which is beneficial for wildlife but means berries disappear fast. Spider mites can stress plants in dry summers.

Blotch mines and trails in deciduous leaves through the growing season; reduces photosynthetic capacity. Remove and bag mined leaves; apply systemic insecticide soil drench in early spring; maintain plant vigor with consistent moisture.

Bumpy encrustations on stems and twigs; plants weaken, produce less fruit, and dieback occurs in severe cases. Apply dormant horticultural oil in late winter; treat crawlers with insecticidal soap in early summer.

Heavy winter browsing on stems, foliage, and berry clusters; young or newly planted shrubs are most vulnerable. Surround with wire mesh fencing; apply scent-based repellent products monthly through winter and early spring.