What's eating my veronicastrum virginicum 'fascination'?

Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination' is a tall prairie perennial that is largely trouble-free. Aphids occasionally attack the spikes, and caterpillars of moths such as figwort weevil relatives may chew foliage. Deer can browse the tall stems in exposed garden settings. Powdery mildew in dry spells is a bigger concern than most insect pests.

Colonies on flower spikes and stem tips; sticky honeydew and sooty mold on the tall stems. Spray with insecticidal soap or neem oil; blast off with water; beneficial insects usually provide natural control.

Notched or chewed leaf margins from moth caterpillars; generally minor and does not affect flowering significantly. Hand-pick if found; apply Bt spray for heavier infestations; tolerate light damage on a robust perennial.

Tall, lush stems browsed or snapped, particularly in late spring and early summer before stems harden. Deer-repellent sprays applied to stems; physical fencing in deer-prone areas; plant in groups for resilience.