What's eating my hoya macrophylla 'variegata'?

Hoya macrophylla 'Variegata' is most threatened by mealybugs, which hide in leaf axils and along stems. Spider mites and scale insects also attack this waxy-leaved houseplant. Check undersides of thick leaves regularly and treat early with rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap to prevent colonies from establishing.

White cottony clusters in leaf axils and stem joints; sticky honeydew residue on leaves Dab individual bugs with a cotton swab dipped in 70% isopropyl alcohol; follow up with neem oil spray weekly for 3–4 weeks

Fine stippling on leaves, faint webbing on undersides, especially in dry indoor air Wipe leaves with a damp cloth, then spray with insecticidal soap or diluted neem oil; increase humidity around the plant

Brown or tan waxy bumps along stems and leaf midribs; leaves yellow and growth slows Scrape off with a soft toothbrush, treat with horticultural oil or 70% isopropyl alcohol; repeat every 2 weeks