What's eating my typhonodorum lindleyanum?

Typhonodorum lindleyanum, a giant tropical aroid grown in warm water margins, faces limited pest pressure due to its size and aquatic habitat, but aphids colonise new growth, spider mites can appear in drier conditions, and caterpillars occasionally shred the enormous leaves. In outdoor tropical settings, grasshoppers and mealybugs also appear on this rarely-cultivated species.

Clusters on emerging leaf spathes and petioles; honeydew drip into water below is a telltale sign. Knock off with a strong water jet; apply insecticidal soap spray carefully to avoid run-off into water features.

Pale stippling and fine webbing on leaf undersides, particularly in warm, dry greenhouse conditions. Maintain high humidity and regular misting; spray neem oil on affected surfaces away from open water.

Large irregular holes in leaf blades from nocturnal feeding; frass and chewed margins visible in the morning. Hand-pick caterpillars; apply Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spray to young larvae; use physical netting where practical.