What's eating my tulipa sylvestris?

Tulipa sylvestris, a naturalising woodland species tulip, is still targeted by squirrels digging bulbs, and by deer and rabbits eating spring growth. Because it spreads via stolons rather than seed, losing bulbs to rodents can wipe out an established colony. Aphids are a secondary concern in open settings.

Bulbs and stolons are excavated from the soil, destroying naturalised colonies that take years to establish. Lay chicken wire over newly planted areas; apply rodent repellent; consider planting in deeper, less-accessible sites.

Tender spring shoots and the delicate yellow flowers are grazed, preventing the plant from setting energy back into bulbs. Fence naturalised areas; plant in spots with natural cover that deer avoid; use scent-based repellents.

Colonies on stems, weakening plants and potentially vectoring virus, causing distorted or streaked flowers. Insecticidal soap spray; encourage natural predators such as ladybirds; remove heavily infested stems.