What's eating my pinguicula agnata?

Pinguicula agnata is a carnivorous butterwort grown indoors. Its sticky leaves deter most soft-bodied insects, but fungus gnats and occasional aphids are real threats. Mealybugs can colonize the crown and roots. Because it traps small insects naturally, severe infestations are uncommon, but soil-dwelling pests around the roots are the main concern.

Larvae chew fine roots and rhizome base; adult gnats hover around the potting medium Use a pure mineral substrate (perlite/pumice); apply Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) drench; avoid overwatering

White cottony clusters at the crown, leaf axils, or roots; leaves yellow and growth stalls Dab individual clusters with a cotton swab dipped in 70% isopropyl alcohol; for heavy infestations treat with dilute neem oil avoiding the sticky leaf surface

Tiny green or black insects on new growth; sticky honeydew and distorted leaf tips Blast with a gentle spray of water; spot-treat with insecticidal soap, keeping it off the glandular leaf surface