What's eating my nymphoides peltata?

Fringed water lily suffers from the water lily beetle skeletonising its small floating pads, and leaf-mining fly larvae creating blotchy tunnels inside leaf tissue. Aphids cluster on flower stalks. In ponds with wildfowl, ducks and coots graze pads and stems. Its fast-spreading rhizomes allow quick recovery from seasonal damage in established ponds.

Adults and larvae graze upper pad surface, leaving brown papery skeletonised patches Hose leaves to knock beetles into water for fish to eat; remove egg masses from leaf undersides; no pond-safe chemical needed

Pale blotchy mines inside floating leaf tissue; affected areas turn yellow and rot Remove mined leaves; natural predator pressure usually sufficient; maintain plant health for rapid pad replacement

Dense colonies on flower stalks and leaf undersides; yellowing, honeydew, and sooty mould Submerge affected leaves briefly so pond fish can access aphids; encourage ladybirds at pond edge