What's eating my nuphar polysepala?

Rocky Mountain yellow pond lily suffers similar threats to other Nuphar species: water lily beetles skeletonise floating pads, leaf-mining fly larvae create blotchy tunnels inside leaves, and aphids cluster on stems. In its native western North American wetland range, beaver and muskrat graze rhizomes heavily. Vigorous rhizomes usually recover well.

Adults and larvae graze the upper pad surface, leaving brown skeletonised patches that rot Hose leaves to dislodge beetles; remove egg masses from leaf undersides; no chemical treatment required in ponds

Whitish blotchy mines within leaf tissue; mined areas yellow and decay Remove affected leaves; rely on natural predator pressure; maintain good water quality

Rhizomes excavated and consumed; large floating pads dragged underwater and eaten In garden settings, use heavy wire mesh basket planting; in natural wetlands, accepted as part of the ecosystem