What's eating my lemon button fern?

Lemon button fern (Nephrolepis cordifolia) is prone to spider mites and scale insects, particularly when humidity is low indoors. Mealybugs occasionally colonize the dense frond bases. Fungus gnats can be a problem if the soil stays too wet. Misting fronds regularly, improving air circulation, and avoiding waterlogged soil prevent most pest problems.

Tiny yellow or brown speckling on frond surfaces; dulling of the glossy green color; fine webbing between fronds in heavy infestations. Raise humidity by misting or using a pebble tray; spray insecticidal soap or neem oil; shower the plant to knock mites off.

Small brown or tan bumps on stems (stipes) and frond undersides; sticky honeydew; weakened or yellowing fronds. Remove scales manually with a soft brush; apply horticultural oil spray; repeat in 2 weeks to target newly hatched crawlers.

White cotton-like clusters near the crown and frond bases; sticky residue; fronds may yellow and die back. Swab with rubbing alcohol; apply neem oil spray; isolate from other ferns and inspect weekly until clear.

Larvae damage delicate roots; adults fly from soil when disturbed; wilting or yellowing despite adequate water. Allow top inch of soil to dry between waterings; apply BTi drench; use yellow sticky traps to monitor adult populations.