What's eating my muscat of alexandria grape?

Muscat of Alexandria, a Mediterranean variety grown under glass in the UK and outdoors in warm climates, is most troubled by vine weevil under glass, red spider mite in glasshouses, and mealy bug. Outdoors in warm regions, grape berry moth and birds are significant. Its aromatic fruit draws wasps and hornets aggressively at harvest.

Pale yellow stippling on leaves turning bronzed; fine webbing on undersides; plants grown under glass suffer severe infestations in warm dry conditions Introduce predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis as biological control; maintain high humidity; avoid using broad-spectrum pesticides that kill predators

White cottony clusters at leaf axils and under bark; honeydew and sooty mould coat bunches; virus transmission under glass Introduce Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (mealybug destroyer) ladybird under glass; use a soft brush and methylated spirits on accessible colonies; dormant oil spray outdoors

Ripe berries are excavated leaving hollow skins; once one berry is broached, wasps congregate and damage spreads rapidly through a bunch Enclose bunches in fine muslin or perforated bags from veraison; set wasp traps away from the vine to draw them off; harvest promptly

Ripe, aromatic muscat clusters targeted by blackbirds, starlings, and thrushes; damage often combines with wasp entry holes Bird netting over the canopy or individual bunch bags; for glasshouse vines ensure vents and doors are meshed