What's eating my magnolia grandiflora 'gallissonnière'?

Magnolia grandiflora 'Gallissonnière' is relatively pest-resistant but can attract scale insects, magnolia scale being the most serious threat. Vine weevils may notch leaf margins, and occasionally aphids cluster on new shoots. Deer will browse young trees in rural gardens. Inspect stems in late summer when scale crawlers are active.

Waxy brown or pink bumps on stems; sticky honeydew and sooty mould on leaves; dieback of branches in heavy infestations Spray crawlers in late summer with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap; scrub adult scale from stems with a stiff brush; apply dormant-oil spray in late winter

Irregular notches along leaf margins from adult feeding; larvae may damage roots of young container-grown specimens Apply pathogenic nematodes (Steinernema kraussei) to moist soil in late summer; pick adult weevils off foliage at night; use physical barriers around container rims

Distorted or curled new shoots; sticky honeydew coating; colonies visible on growing tips in spring Blast off with a strong jet of water; introduce or encourage ladybirds and lacewings; apply insecticidal soap if populations are high