What's eating my leatherleaf fern?

Leatherleaf Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is a robust indoor and florist's fern. Spider mites are the primary threat, especially in warm, dry rooms. Scale insects colonise the tough fronds and rhizomes. Mealybugs appear occasionally. The waxy cuticle provides some natural protection, but regular inspection is still essential.

Pale yellow stippling on the upper frond surface; webs on the undersides; heavy infestations cause early frond drop. Increase air humidity, shower the plant, and spray insecticidal soap or neem oil every 5–7 days for three or more cycles.

Hard bumps on the tough frond midribs and on rhizome surfaces; slow decline with yellowing older fronds. Scrub off with a soft toothbrush and horticultural oil; apply systemic neonicotinoid only as a last resort indoors.

White waxy masses at rhizome junctions and at frond bases; honeydew attracts ants and sooty mould. Spot-treat with 70% isopropyl alcohol and follow with weekly neem oil applications until clear.