What's eating my indian mustard 'tendergreen'?

Indian Mustard 'Tendergreen' (also known as Mustard Spinach) is a fast-maturing dual-purpose green that attracts typical brassica pests. Flea beetles are most damaging at the seedling stage. Its rapid growth means plants often outpace moderate flea beetle pressure, but aphids and caterpillars need management for quality leaf harvest.

Shot-hole damage across young leaves; seedlings most at risk; rapid growth can outpace light pressure in established plants Row cover from sowing; diatomaceous earth; spinosad spray in cases of heavy seedling pressure

Dense grey colonies on growing tips and leaf undersides; sticky honeydew and distorted new growth Water jets; insecticidal soap; remove first-colonized shoots; beneficial insect habitat nearby

Windowing on younger leaves as larvae feed from beneath; small caterpillars wriggle violently when disturbed Bt-k spray thoroughly to leaf undersides; spinosad for resistant populations

Ragged holes in tender young leaves, especially in cool, moist weather at seedling emergence Iron phosphate bait; keep soil surface dry by avoiding evening watering; hand-pick at night