What's eating my hoya compacta 'regalis'?

Hoya compacta 'Regalis' has tightly curled, rope-like leaves that are perfect pest hiding spots — making it the most mealybug-prone hoya in cultivation. Its dense, twisted foliage makes thorough treatment challenging. Spider mites and scale also occur. Inspect the inner folds of curled leaves at every watering; early action is essential.

White cottony clusters deep inside the curled leaves and at stem nodes; honeydew, mold, and stunted growth Use a fine-tipped cotton swab dipped in isopropyl alcohol to reach curled leaf interiors; apply systemic neem drenches for persistent colonies

Subtle stippling visible on any flat leaf sections; webbing in the folds; plant weakens over time Rinse with lukewarm water to flush folds; apply insecticidal soap carefully into leaf curls; repeat every 5 days

Hard brown shields on stems and inside leaf folds; leaves yellow and the plant may drop leaves if severe Scrape accessible scales; apply horticultural oil spray, forcing it into curled-leaf gaps; follow up every 2 weeks