What's eating my hoya australis 'lisa'?

Hoya Australis 'Lisa' shares the Hoya genus's common weakness for mealybugs, which colonise the dense, waxy-leaved vines and hide at every leaf axil. Spider mites attack during dry spells, scale insects anchor to stems, and aphids may target soft new growth. Regular inspection of the entire vine length is essential as pests hide readily.

White cottony masses at leaf axils and along vine stems; leaves develop yellowing and sticky residue Dab all colonies with isopropyl alcohol on a swab; follow with neem oil spray to all surfaces; repeat weekly

Fine stippling on waxy leaves; webbing between leaf petioles and stems in heavy infestations Shower the plant to dislodge mites, then apply insecticidal soap or neem oil; increase ambient humidity

Brown or tan shell-like bumps on stems and petioles; leaves yellow and growth is stunted Scrape off adults manually, apply horticultural or neem oil; inspect every 10 days and retreat

Soft-bodied insects clustered on new shoot tips; leaves curl and honeydew promotes sooty mould Blast off with water, then spray with insecticidal soap; repeat every 5 days until clear