What's eating my green arrow arum?

Green Arrow Arum is occasionally damaged by slugs and snails that rasp the broad arrow-shaped leaves. Deer browse the foliage in wetland margins. Leaf-spot fungi may follow mechanical damage. The plant's calcium oxalate crystals deter most insects, making it less susceptible to insect pests than many other aquatic aroids.

Irregular holes and ragged margins on large leaves; slime trails on leaf surfaces; worst in damp weather and on plants near muddy bank margins Apply iron phosphate pellets around plant bases; set beer traps at pond edge; hand-pick at dusk; avoid thick mulch that provides daytime shelter

Foliage browsed to stubs overnight, particularly in late winter and spring when other vegetation is scarce; repeated browsing weakens plants significantly Install deer fencing around wetland planting areas; apply deer-repellent spray to foliage; select planting locations near deeper water where deer access is limited

Occasional colonies on flower spathes and young leaves; localised yellowing and honeydew deposits; generally a minor issue on healthy plants Remove by hand or with a firm water jet; insecticidal soap spray applied directly to colonies; natural predators typically keep numbers low in open garden settings