What's eating my gasteria (ox tongue)?

Gasteria (Ox Tongue) is a low-maintenance succulent with good pest resistance. Mealybugs are the most frequent problem, hiding between the stacked, tongue-shaped leaves. Root mealybugs can cause slow decline without obvious foliage symptoms. Scale insects occasionally appear. The best prevention is minimal watering, excellent drainage, and periodic inspection of leaf bases.

White waxy cottony deposits lodged between the tightly packed leaves; leaves may yellow or shrivel at the base Treat with a cotton swab dipped in 70% isopropyl alcohol; apply neem oil to the rosette; repeat every 10 days for a month

Unexplained wilting and yellowing with no visible foliage pests; white waxy coating on roots when unpotted Unpot, wash roots under running water, soak in diluted neem solution, allow to air-dry before repotting in fresh dry mix

Brown oval bumps adhering to older leaves and stems; sticky honeydew on leaf surfaces Scrape off scale with a soft toothbrush; apply horticultural oil or 70% isopropyl alcohol; repeat after 10–14 days