What's eating my echinodorus uruguayensis?

Echinodorus uruguayensis is a large, cold-tolerant sword plant suited to aquariums and temperate ponds. In aquariums, algae on its wide leaves and snail grazing are the main problems. In outdoor or unheated ponds it may encounter aquatic moth larvae and pond snails. Fast growth helps it outpace light algae loads.

Broad leaf blades develop holes and chewed margins; heavy infestations stunt the plant Stock assassin snails or loaches; remove large snails manually; reduce organic waste in substrate

Hard green discs colonise the wide leaf surfaces, especially under high or inconsistent light Nerite snails are the most effective biological control; ensure consistent 8-hour photoperiod and balanced nutrients

Neat elliptical cuts in leaves where larvae harvest material for their underwater cases Introduce surface-feeding fish; remove cases by hand; apply Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) to pond water