What's eating my cryptanthus acaulis?

Cryptanthus acaulis, the green earth star, is a low-growing bromeliad where mealybugs are the primary indoor pest, hiding within the compact rosette. Scale insects and fungus gnats — the latter in soggy soil — round out the main threats. Good drainage, airflow, and monthly inspection between leaves keep it clean.

White powdery or cottony deposits in the centre and leaf axils; leaves become pale and growth stalls. Dab with isopropyl alcohol on a cotton swab; apply dilute insecticidal soap spray and repeat every 7 days.

Brown fixed bumps on leaf surfaces; sap removal causes yellowing and weakened rosette. Remove manually with a damp cloth or alcohol swab; improve air circulation to discourage reinfestation.

Adult gnats hover around soil; larvae chew fine roots, causing wilting and slow growth. Allow the growing medium to dry between waterings; apply a layer of sand or grit on the surface; use sticky yellow traps.