Gladiolus — 14 species

Gladiolus is a genus of corm-forming perennials native largely to sub-Saharan Africa and the Mediterranean, producing tall, sword-like foliage and dramatic spikes of funnel-shaped flowers in virtually every color. Species such as Common Gladiolus, Parrot Gladiolus, and Marsh Afrikaner demand full sun — a minimum of six to eight hours per day — and well-drained soil. Water deeply about once a week, keeping soil consistently moist but never waterlogged. All gladiolus species are toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy.