Fertilising guide
How to fertilise Turnip (Brassica rapa)— schedule & NPK
Also called white turnip, salad turnip, neep (Scotland).
About Turnip
Brassica rapa · also called white turnip, salad turnip · edible
Turnips are quick cool-season brassicas grown for tender roots (50-60 days) and edible greens. Sweet and mild when young; woody if overripe. Pet-safe — dogs can eat both root and tops in moderation.
A swollen-root form of Brassica rapa, the same Old World species as bok choy and Chinese cabbage, long grown across temperate Europe and Asia as a fast cool-season root and green.
A short-season crop that needs only moderate, balanced fertility; excess nitrogen pushes leafy tops at the expense of the edible root.
Growth habit: Biennial root crop grown as annual
Sources: extension.umn.edu, hgic.clemson.edu, extension.illinois.edu
What fertiliser turnip actually wants — and why
Turnip stores its crop underground, so the rule is the reverse of leafy plants — go easy on nitrogen, which sends energy into tops at the expense of roots.
Low-nitrogen, with modest phosphorus and potassium for root development — ideally compost-improved soil rather than a high-N feed. Excess nitrogen forks the roots and grows lush tops instead of a crop.
For the language behind the three numbers on the bottle — what nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium each do — see the NPK ratio explained entry. The short version for turnip: match the feed to the job the plant is doing right now, not to a generic “plant food” on the shelf.
How often to feed turnip, and which months
Feeding only earns its keep while the plant is in active growth and can use the nutrients — pour feed into a dormant or low-light plant and it simply builds up as root-burning salt. For turnip:
Light balanced feed at planting; avoid heavy nitrogen. In practice: prepare the bed with well-rotted compost (not fresh manure), then little or no extra feeding through the season (spring through early autumn); a light potassium feed mid-growth at most.
The dormant-season rule matters more than the exact interval: skip feeding entirely when turnip is resting. For the wider context on indoor feeding rhythms across the seasons, the houseplant fertiliser schedule walks through the year month by month.
What strength to mix for turnip
Less is more for turnip. If you feed at all, keep it light and low-nitrogen — the soil preparation does the work, and over-feeding actively spoils the crop.
Feeding always goes onto already-damp soil, never dry roots — water turnip first if the soil is dry, then apply the diluted feed. The companion question is when to water at all, covered in the turnip watering schedule.
Signs you are over-feeding turnip
Over-feeding is far more common — and more damaging — than under-feeding for most plants. The classic tells for turnip:
- Large lush leafy tops and small, forked or hairy roots.
- Split or cracked roots from a nitrogen-and-water surge.
- All foliage and no usable crop at harvest.
Signs you are under-feeding turnip
- Genuinely uncommon in reasonable soil — these are not hungry plants.
- Pale, weak tops and small roots only in very poor, exhausted ground.
- Slow growth across the whole bed in long-uncultivated soil.
If the symptoms point at watering, light or roots rather than nutrition, the full turnip care brief covers soil, humidity and the common problems for this species.
Flushing and leaching the salts
Flushing is not the issue for turnip — the equivalent care is avoiding fresh manure and high-N feeds entirely, and rotating beds so the soil is not over-rich from a previous hungry crop.
Organic vs synthetic feeds for turnip
Organic options
Well-rotted compost worked in the season before, or for a previous crop, is ideal — never fresh manure. UK: garden compost, low-N blends; US: Espoma Garden-tone sparingly or finished compost. Lean and well-worked beats rich.
Synthetic / liquid feeds
If anything, a low-nitrogen, potassium-leaning feed only — UK: a high-potash feed mid-season at most, never a general high-N; US: a 5-10-10 sparingly. Most root crops crop best with no synthetic feed at all.
Brand names are examples, not endorsements, and UK and US ranges differ — check the label’s own NPK and dilution rate, since formulations change.
Fertilising turnip — frequently asked questions
What fertiliser does turnip need?
Low-nitrogen, with modest phosphorus and potassium for root development — ideally compost-improved soil rather than a high-N feed. Excess nitrogen forks the roots and grows lush tops instead of a crop. Turnip stores its crop underground, so the rule is the reverse of leafy plants — go easy on nitrogen, which sends energy into tops at the expense of roots.
How often should I feed turnip?
Light balanced feed at planting; avoid heavy nitrogen. Light balanced feed at planting; avoid heavy nitrogen. In practice: prepare the bed with well-rotted compost (not fresh manure), then little or no extra feeding through the season (spring through early autumn); a light potassium feed mid-growth at most.
What strength of feed for turnip?
Less is more for turnip. If you feed at all, keep it light and low-nitrogen — the soil preparation does the work, and over-feeding actively spoils the crop.
What does over-feeding turnip look like?
Large lush leafy tops and small, forked or hairy roots. Split or cracked roots from a nitrogen-and-water surge. All foliage and no usable crop at harvest. Feeding turnip a nitrogen-rich fertiliser, or planting into freshly manured ground, is the defining mistake — you get a forest of leafy tops and forked, hairy, split or all-leaf-no-root crops.
Should I flush the soil of turnip?
Flushing is not the issue for turnip — the equivalent care is avoiding fresh manure and high-N feeds entirely, and rotating beds so the soil is not over-rich from a previous hungry crop.
Keep reading
- Turnip care — the full brief (light, soil, humidity, problems, pet safety)
- How often to water turnip — the watering schedule
- The houseplant fertiliser schedule — feeding through the year
- NPK ratio explained — what the three numbers on the bottle mean
- How to fertilise tomato
- How to fertilise pepper
- How to fertilise cucumber
- All 200 fertilising guides in the Growli library