Open dataset · CC-BY 4.0
Houseplant & Garden Plant Toxicity — ASPCA-sourced reference
Key findings
- Of 611 common houseplants and garden plants, 350 (57%) are toxic or mildly toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA.
- Only 261 (43%) are pet-safe — no toxic principle is listed by the ASPCA for cats or dogs.
- 255 species are outright toxic and 95 are mildly toxic (typically oral or gastrointestinal irritation).
Free to quote with attribution to Growli (getgrowli.app) under CC-BY 4.0.
| Common name | Botanical name | Category | Toxicity rating | ASPCA-sourced detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian cucumber | Cucumis melo var. flexuosus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucumis fruits in this group are recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Cucumber, Cucumis sativus, as non-toxic; Armenian cucumber is the closely related Cucumis melo var. flexuosus). The mild flesh is safe in small amounts; discard any rare bitter, cucurbitacin-heavy fruit, and remember large quantities of any vegetable can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Black Krim Crimean tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Black Krim' | edible | Toxic | As a Solanum lycopersicum cultivar, the tomato plant is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Solanine and tomatine in the foliage, stems, and unripe green fruit are the toxic principles; the ripe dark fruit is non-toxic. Ingesting green parts can cause hypersalivation, inappetence, GI upset, weakness, dilated pupils, and slow heart rate. |
| Borlotti bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Borlotto Lingua di Fuoco' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so genus status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like all Phaseolus vulgaris beans, the raw, dried seeds contain high levels of lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) and must be cooked thoroughly before eating; raw or undercooked beans cause vomiting and gastrointestinal distress in pets and people. Keep dried beans out of reach of pets. |
| Brandywine heirloom tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Brandywine' | edible | Toxic | Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves, stems, and unripe green fruit contain solanine and related glycoalkaloids; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, weakness, and dilated pupils. The ripe fruit is the safe, edible portion for humans. |
| Rainbow chard | Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla 'Bright Lights' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (chard is a cultivar of Beta vulgaris, listed under 'Beets'). The leaves and stalks are high in oxalic acid, so feed only in small, occasional amounts to pets, particularly those prone to bladder stones or kidney problems. |
| California Wonder sweet pepper | Capsicum annuum 'California Wonder' | edible | Toxic | Capsicum annuum is a Solanaceae nightshade; the ASPCA lists ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum) as toxic to cats and dogs, with solanine as the toxic principle. The foliage and stems are the hazard, and ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, and depression. The ripe sweet fruit itself is edible to people but the plant should be kept away from pets. |
| Carolina Reaper super-hot chilli | Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum chinense is not individually listed by the ASPCA (its 'Ornamental Pepper' toxic entry is Solanum pseudocapsicum, the unrelated Jerusalem cherry). The extreme capsaicin load makes this one of the most irritating peppers — severe mouth and GI pain, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea are likely if a pet bites a pod. Keep well out of reach of cats and dogs and seek veterinary advice after ingestion. |
| Castelfranco radicchio | Cichorium intybus var. foliosum 'Castelfranco' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and has a long, safe history in human and animal diets; chicory root is a routine, generally-recognised-as-safe prebiotic ingredient in commercial pet foods. No poisoning risk is reported, though large amounts of the inulin-rich root can cause loose stools or gas in sensitive dogs. |
| Lacinato kale | Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia 'Nero di Toscana' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kale (a Brassica oleracea cultivar) is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list; the ASPCA classes it among the cruciferous vegetables safe for dogs and cats in small amounts. Note that raw kale acts as an oxidant and large quantities can contribute to gas, GI upset, goitrogenic effects or Heinz-body anaemia, so feed only sparingly and cooked. |
| Cherokee Purple heirloom tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Cherokee Purple' | edible | Toxic | Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The green leaves, stems, and unripe fruit contain solanine and related glycoalkaloids; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, drowsiness, weakness, and dilated pupils. The ripe red/purple fruit is the safe, edible part for people. |
| Trail of Tears bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Cherokee Trail of Tears' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so genus status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar, its raw dried black seeds contain lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) and must be cooked before eating; raw beans cause vomiting and digestive upset in pets and humans. Keep dried seed away from pets. |
| Candy stripe beet | Beta vulgaris 'Chioggia' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (entry: 'Beets', Beta vulgaris). Note that mature beet greens are high in oxalic acid, so they should be fed only sparingly to pets prone to urinary crystals or kidney issues. |
| Cape gooseberry | Physalis pruinosa 'Cossack Pineapple' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ground cherry (Physalis pruinosa) is a Solanaceae nightshade and is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ripe golden fruit is edible, but the leaves, stems, and unripe green fruit contain solanine-type glycoalkaloids common to the genus. Treat the plant as a caution around pets and verify with a vet if green parts are ingested; signs can include vomiting and diarrhoea. |
| Costoluto Genovese ribbed tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Costoluto Genovese' | edible | Toxic | The tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are solanine and tomatine, concentrated in the leaves, stems, and unripe green fruit; ripe red fruit is non-toxic. Signs include hypersalivation, inappetence, severe GI upset, weakness, dilated pupils, and slow heart rate. |
| Yellow crookneck squash | Cucurbita pepo 'Yellow Crookneck' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita summer squashes are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Zucchini, Acorn and Hubbard squash as non-toxic), and Crookneck is a Cucurbita pepo like zucchini. Eating large amounts of foliage may cause mild GI upset, and any rare, intensely bitter fruit (high in cucurbitacins) should be discarded rather than fed to pets or people. |
| Fairy Tale eggplant | Solanum melongena 'Fairy Tale' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Solanum species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Leaves, stems, flowers and unripe fruit contain the glycoalkaloid solanine; ingestion can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, in larger amounts, cardiac and neurological effects. The ripe cooked fruit is edible for people, but keep pets from grazing the plant. |
| French Breakfast radish | Raphanus sativus 'French Breakfast' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus) is non-toxic to cats and dogs and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The ASPCA's 'Wild Radish' listing refers to a different species (Raphanus raphanistrum) toxic only to horses. The peppery root and leaves may cause mild gas or stomach upset, so feed pets sparingly. |
| Glass Gem rainbow corn | Zea mays 'Glass Gem' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True maize (Zea mays) is not on the ASPCA toxic plant list and is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; the main risk is choking or gut obstruction from whole cobs, not poisoning. It is unrelated to the ASPCA-toxic 'Corn Plant' (Dracaena fragrans), a saponin-containing houseplant. |
| Golden beet | Beta vulgaris 'Golden' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (entry: 'Beets', Beta vulgaris). As with all beets, the mature greens are high in oxalic acid and should be offered only occasionally to pets, especially those with a history of urinary stones. |
| Green Zebra striped tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Green Zebra' | edible | Toxic | Being a Solanum lycopersicum cultivar, the tomato plant is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to solanine and tomatine in the leaves, stems, and unripe fruit; the ripe (green-when-mature) fruit flesh is non-toxic. Green-part ingestion can cause hypersalivation, GI upset, weakness, dilated pupils, and slow heart rate. |
| Habanero chilli | Capsicum chinense 'Habanero' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum chinense is not individually listed by the ASPCA (the ASPCA 'Ornamental Pepper' toxic entry refers to Solanum pseudocapsicum, not culinary chillies). The very high capsaicin concentration acts as a strong mucous-membrane and GI irritant, capable of intense mouth pain, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea in cats and dogs. Keep fruit out of reach and consult a vet on ingestion. |
| Jalapeno chilli | Capsicum annuum 'Jalapeño' | edible | Toxic | Capsicum annuum is a Solanaceae nightshade; the ASPCA lists ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum) as toxic to cats and dogs, with solanine in the foliage as the toxic principle, causing gastrointestinal upset and vomiting. Beyond this, the capsaicin in jalapeño pods is a strong irritant to pets' mouths, eyes, and gut, so keep both plant and fruit away from cats and dogs. |
| January King winter cabbage | Brassica oleracea var. capitata 'January King' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cabbage is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and is among the cruciferous vegetables the ASPCA considers safe for dogs and cats in moderation. Raw cabbage contains goitrogens and large quantities cause gas and GI upset, so serve only small, occasional, ideally cooked portions. |
| Lemon cucumber | Cucumis sativus 'Lemon' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and 'Lemon' is a cultivar of that species. Plain cucumber fruit is safe for pets in small amounts; very bitter, cucurbitacin-rich fruit can cause stomach upset and should be discarded, and large quantities of any vegetable may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Listada de Gandia eggplant | Solanum melongena 'Listada de Gandia' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA classes Solanum species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The foliage, stems, flowers and unripe fruit contain solanine, a glycoalkaloid; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, in quantity, neurological and cardiac signs. The ripe cooked fruit is a normal human food, but keep pets away from the plant itself. |
| Music garlic | Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon 'Music' | edible | Toxic | Garlic (Allium sativum), this cultivar's species, is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and is considered more potent than onion by weight. The toxic principle is N-propyl disulfide, causing oxidative red-blood-cell damage and Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia. Signs include vomiting, weakness, rapid heart rate, panting, and blood in the urine; all forms are dangerous. |
| Padron frying pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Padrón' | edible | Mildly toxic | Culinary Capsicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA (the ASPCA 'Ornamental Pepper' toxic entry is Solanum pseudocapsicum, the unrelated Jerusalem cherry). Capsaicin in the fruit and foliage is a mucous-membrane and GI irritant that can cause drooling, mouth pain, vomiting and diarrhoea in pets. Keep pods away from cats and dogs and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Painted Mountain flour corn | Zea mays 'Painted Mountain' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True maize (Zea mays) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; cobs pose a choking/obstruction hazard rather than a poisoning one. Do not confuse it with the ASPCA-toxic 'Corn Plant' (Dracaena fragrans), an unrelated houseplant containing saponins. |
| Round carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Paris Market' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (entry: 'Carrot Flower / Garden Carrot', Daucus carota var. sativa). The round roots and ferny tops are safe; carrots are a widely used low-risk pet treat, with the only minor caveat being psoralens in the foliage that can cause occasional mild skin sensitivity on handling. |
| Purple Haze carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Purple Haze' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (entry: 'Carrot Flower / Garden Carrot', Daucus carota var. sativa). Both the root and ferny tops are safe; carrots are a common low-risk pet treat, though the foliage contains psoralens that can occasionally cause mild skin sensitivity on handling. |
| Purple sprouting broccoli | Brassica oleracea var. italica 'Purple Sprouting' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Broccoli is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list, and the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center lists broccoli among safe snack vegetables for dogs and cats in moderation. The spears contain isothiocyanates that can irritate the stomach in large amounts, so keep portions small and occasional. |
| Red Baron red onion | Allium cepa 'Red Baron' | edible | Toxic | Onion (Allium cepa), this cultivar's species, is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is N-propyl disulfide, which oxidises red blood cells and causes Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia. Watch for vomiting, lethargy, weakness, rapid breathing, and red-tinged urine; all parts are toxic raw, cooked, powdered, or dried. |
| Red Russian kale | Brassica napus var. pabularia 'Red Russian' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kale is not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and is among the cruciferous vegetables the ASPCA considers safe for dogs and cats in moderation. As with all kale, raw leaves are oxidising and large amounts may cause gas, GI upset or, in cats, Heinz-body anaemia, so offer only small, occasional portions. |
| Romanesco cauliflower | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 'Romanesco' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassica vegetables (broccoli/cauliflower) are not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list, and the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center lists broccoli and cauliflower among safe snack vegetables for dogs and cats in moderation. Large quantities can cause gas, GI upset and goitrogenic effects, so keep to small, occasional portions. |
| San Marzano plum tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'San Marzano' | edible | Toxic | Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The foliage, stems, and green unripe fruit contain solanine and tomatine glycoalkaloids; signs of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, weakness, and dilated pupils. Only the ripe fruit is edible for people. |
| Runner bean | Phaseolus coccineus 'Scarlet Emperor' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, so genus status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Importantly, raw runner beans and seeds contain lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) and are not safe for pets or people to eat uncooked, causing vomiting and digestive upset. Cooked beans are the edible form; keep raw pods and dried seeds away from pets. |
| Shishito frying pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Shishito' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum annuum is not individually listed by the ASPCA (the ASPCA 'Ornamental Pepper' toxic entry is Solanum pseudocapsicum, not culinary peppers). Although Shishito is mild for people, its capsaicin and plant foliage still irritate pets' mucous membranes and gut, causing drooling, mouth pain, vomiting or diarrhoea. Keep pods and plants away from cats and dogs and check with a vet if eaten. |
| Sungold orange cherry tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Sungold' | edible | Toxic | As a Solanum lycopersicum cultivar, the tomato plant is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Solanine and tomatine in the foliage, stems, and unripe green fruit are the hazard; ripe orange fruit is non-toxic. Ingestion of green parts can cause hypersalivation, GI upset, weakness, dilated pupils, and a slow heart rate. |
| Trombone squash | Cucurbita moschata 'Tromboncino' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita squashes are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Zucchini, Acorn and Hubbard squash as non-toxic), and Tromboncino is a Cucurbita moschata. As with any plant, large amounts of foliage or fruit may cause mild stomach upset, and the rare bitter, cucurbitacin-laden fruit should not be eaten — discard any squash that tastes intensely bitter. |
| Walla Walla sweet onion | Allium cepa 'Walla Walla' | edible | Toxic | Onion (Allium cepa), this cultivar's species, is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is N-propyl disulfide, which causes oxidative damage to red blood cells leading to Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia. Signs include vomiting, weakness, rapid heart rate, panting, and blood in the urine; all onion parts are dangerous raw, cooked, or dried. |
| Watermelon radish | Raphanus sativus 'Watermelon' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus) is non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA does not list it as toxic. The ASPCA's separate 'Wild Radish' entry is a different species (Raphanus raphanistrum), toxic only to horses via isothiocyanates. Feed the peppery leaves and roots only in moderation, as they can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Edward Goucher abelia | Abelia x 'Edward Goucher' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abelia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is officially uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. It is widely reported as non-toxic and is sometimes used as livestock hedging, but with no ASPCA listing a pet-safe label cannot be guaranteed. |
| Kaleidoscope abelia | Abelia x grandiflora 'Kaleidoscope' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abelia is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so this cultivar's status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution, discourage chewing, and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Rose Creek abelia | Abelia x grandiflora 'Rose Creek' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abelia is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so this cultivar's status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Chinese abelia | Abelia chinensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abelia is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution, discourage chewing, and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| glossy abelia | Abelia x grandiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abelia is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Abiqua Drinking Gourd hosta | Hosta 'Abiqua Drinking Gourd' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins, with ingestion causing vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep pets from nibbling the leaves and discard trimmings safely. |
| Abiu | Pouteria caimito | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria caimito is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for pets is uncertain. The unripe fruit and cut surfaces ooze gummy latex that sticks to the lips and mouth and can irritate; only the fully ripe pulp is palatable. Treat as potentially harmful to pets and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Abyssinian peperomia | Peperomia abyssinica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Peperomia genus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA across multiple species entries. Peperomia abyssinica contains no known toxic principles and is safe in homes with pets. |
| Açaí | Euterpe oleracea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Euterpe oleracea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The açaí berry is a human food, but the plant is not confirmed pet-safe, so do not assume it is non-toxic — discourage cats and dogs from chewing the fronds or fruit. |
| Red Snakebark Maple | Acer capillipes | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but ornamental snakebark maples are not classed as toxic to cats or dogs; the ASPCA lists only Acer rubrum, and that specifically for horses. This species is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a maple-wide precaution, keep horses away from wilted maple leaves. |
| Paperbark Maple | Acer griseum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but ornamental maples other than Red Maple are not classed as toxic to cats or dogs; the ASPCA flags only Acer rubrum, and that specifically for horses. Paperbark maple is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a precaution, keep horses away from wilted maple foliage of any species. |
| Fullmoon Maple | Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but ornamental Japanese and fullmoon maples are not classed as toxic to cats or dogs; the ASPCA lists only Acer rubrum, and that specifically for horses. This cultivar is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a general maple precaution, keep horses away from wilted leaves. |
| Purple Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Japanese maples are not classed as toxic to cats or dogs; the ASPCA lists only Acer rubrum, and that specifically for horses. Acer palmatum, including this purple cultivar, is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a maple-wide precaution, keep horses away from wilted foliage. |
| Butterfly Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Butterfly' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acer palmatum is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs (unlike red and silver maples, which are toxic to horses). Chewed leaves or splintered twigs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or a choking risk, but no systemic poisoning. |
| Laceleaf Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Dissectum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acer palmatum is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs (unlike red and silver maples, which are toxic to horses). Chewed leaves or splintered twigs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or a choking hazard, but no systemic poisoning. |
| Garnet Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Garnet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acer palmatum is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs (unlike red and silver maples, which are toxic to horses). Chewed foliage or splintered twigs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or pose a choking risk, but no systemic poisoning. |
| Orangeola Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Orangeola' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acer palmatum is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and is widely considered non-toxic to cats and dogs (unlike red/silver maples, which are dangerous to horses). Chewed leaves or splintered twigs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or a choking hazard, but no systemic poisoning. |
| Red Maple | Acer rubrum | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Red Maple as toxic to horses but non-toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principle (tannins and gallic acid metabolised to pyrogallol by gut bacteria) damages equine red blood cells, especially from wilted or fallen leaves; signs in horses include weakness, dark mucous membranes, discoloured urine and laminitis. Safe around cats and dogs, but keep wilted leaves away from horses. |
| Autumn Blaze Maple | Acer rubrum 'Autumn Blaze' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This is a hybrid of red maple (Acer rubrum), which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs and cats, so it is considered pet-safe for them. Caution for horse owners: red maple foliage is TOXIC to horses — wilted leaves cause haemolytic anaemia via pyrogallol — so keep leaves and prunings out of horse pasture. |
| October Glory Red Maple | Acer rubrum 'October Glory' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Red Maple (Acer rubrum) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, so this cultivar is considered pet-safe for them. Important: red maple is TOXIC to horses — wilted or dried leaves contain tannins/gallic acid converted to pyrogallol, causing severe haemolytic anaemia. Keep prunings and fallen leaves away from horses. |
| Acerola | Malpighia emarginata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Malpighia emarginata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status for cats and dogs is unverified. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe; do not rely on third-party 'pet-safe' claims that lack ASPCA grounding. |
| Achachairu | Garcinia humilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia humilis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The fruit is consumed fresh in Bolivia and commercialised in Australia under the name 'Achacha', with no documented human toxicity. Veterinary safety data is absent and the genus is not ASPCA-cleared; keep pets away from plant material and fallen fruit as a precaution. |
| Terracotta yarrow | Achillea 'Terracotta' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists yarrow (Achillea millefolium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles are glycoalkaloids (achillein), monoterpenes and sesquiterpene lactones (achillin). Reported signs include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, anorexia, dermatitis and depression. Keep grazing pets away from this Achillea hybrid. |
| Cerise Queen yarrow | Achillea millefolium 'Cerise Queen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, causing increased salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, and dermatitis from achilleine and related compounds; this cultivar is the species itself and should be treated as toxic to pets. |
| The Pearl yarrow | Achillea ptarmica 'The Pearl' | flowering | Toxic | The Achillea genus is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (yarrow, Achillea millefolium), with glycoalkaloids (achillein), monoterpenes and sesquiterpene lactones (achillin) as the toxic principles. As a member of the same genus, A. ptarmica 'The Pearl' should be treated as toxic; signs include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, anorexia, dermatitis and depression. |
| hot water plant | Achimenes longiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Achimenes is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. While it belongs to the gesneriad family (Gesneriaceae) alongside the ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic African violet, the genus itself is not specifically evaluated. Treat with caution as mildly toxic, keep pets from chewing it, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| cascade violet night achimenes | Achimenes 'Cascade Violet Night' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe per ASPCA: Achimenes (hot water plant, Cupid's bower) is documented as non-toxic to cats and dogs on ASPCA-referenced plant lists, and its family Gesneriaceae includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic relatives (Tree Gloxinia/Kohleria, African violet). No toxic principle is reported. |
| peach blossom hot water plant | Achimenes 'Peach Blossom' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe per ASPCA: Achimenes (hot water plant, Cupid's bower) is documented as non-toxic to cats and dogs on ASPCA-referenced plant lists, and its family Gesneriaceae includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic relatives (Tree Gloxinia/Kohleria, African violet). No toxic principle is reported. |
| tarantella achimenes | Achimenes 'Tarantella' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe per ASPCA: Achimenes (hot water plant, Cupid's bower) is documented as non-toxic to cats and dogs on ASPCA-referenced plant lists, and its family Gesneriaceae includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic relatives (Tree Gloxinia/Kohleria, African violet). No toxic principle is reported. |
| Cupid's bower | Achimenes erecta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe per ASPCA: Achimenes (Cupid's bower, hot water plant) is documented as non-toxic to cats and dogs on ASPCA-referenced plant lists, and its family Gesneriaceae includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic relatives (Tree Gloxinia/Kohleria, African violet). No toxic principle is reported. |
| large-flowered achimenes | Achimenes grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe per ASPCA: Achimenes (hot water plant, Cupid's bower, orchid pansy) is documented as non-toxic to cats and dogs on ASPCA-referenced plant lists, and its family Gesneriaceae includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic relatives (Tree Gloxinia/Kohleria, African violet). No toxic principle is reported. |
| pepper squash | Cucurbita pepo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita species are not listed by the ASPCA. Safe around cats and dogs. |
| Acorn Squash | Cucurbita pepo 'Acorn' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita pepo (acorn squash) is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. The cooked flesh is safe and palatable for pets in small amounts. Plant stems and leaves have bristly hairs that can irritate skin on contact. |
| Japanese Sweet Flag | Acorus gramineus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Acorus gramineus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Sweet flag contains β-asarone (varying with the plant's origin) and is widely regarded as unsafe to ingest, so it should not be assumed pet-safe. Treat with caution, keep away from grazing pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Variegated Japanese Sweet Flag | Acorus gramineus 'Variegatus' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | This cultivar of Acorus gramineus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Sweet flag contains β-asarone and is generally considered unsafe to ingest, so do not assume it is pet-safe. Treat with caution, keep grazing pets away, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| fuzzy kiwi | Actinidia deliciosa | edible | Mildly toxic | Actinidia deliciosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so pet-safety cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other Actinidia, it can attract and intoxicate cats similarly to silvervine, and ingestion of large amounts of leaves or fruit may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| variegated kiwi vine | Actinidia kolomikta | edible | Mildly toxic | Actinidia kolomikta is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note that, like silvervine (Actinidia polygama), Actinidia species can attract and intoxicate cats, who may chew and damage stems; large amounts of foliage or fruit may cause mild stomach upset. |
| adagio maiden grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Adagio' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and confirm with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. The realistic risk from ornamental grasses is mechanical, with sharp leaf edges and barbed seed awns able to cut a pet's mouth or lodge in eyes and ears. |
| Adagio Maiden Grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Adagio' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus sinensis 'Adagio' is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. No toxic principles are known for Miscanthus. Leaf margins are moderately sharp and can mechanically irritate the mouth or skin if chewed. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests a large quantity. |
| Adams Elderberry | Sambucus nigra 'Adams' | edible | Mildly toxic | Sambucus is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Raw unripe berries, bark, leaves, and roots contain cyanogenic glycosides and sambunigrin, causing vomiting and diarrhoea. Ripe berries are traditionally cooked for human use (syrup, jam, wine), but all raw parts should be kept away from pets and children should be supervised around the plant. |
| Himalayan Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum venustum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The maidenhair fern (Adiantum) is a true fern carried on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list with no toxic principle; unlike the deceptively named asparagus fern it poses no oxalate or saponin risk, though nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Adolphe Audusson camellia | Camellia japonica 'Adolphe Audusson' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Camellia japonica is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. However, some sources note that consumption of large quantities of leaves or seeds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to caffeine-related alkaloids present in the genus. Generally considered safe for pets but ingestion of plant material is not recommended. |
| Adriatic Bellflower | Campanula garganica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no reported toxic principles; considered non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. |
| plover eggs plant | Adromischus cooperi | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Adromischus cooperi is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and its family Crassulaceae includes both toxic genera (Kalanchoe, Crassula) and benign ones, so a pet-safe claim cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected; watch for drooling or vomiting. |
| key lime pie plant | Adromischus cristatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Adromischus cristatus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sources conflict and it is sometimes confused with toxic Kalanchoe, so do not assume it is pet-safe. As with any succulent, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| hemisphere adromischus | Adromischus hemisphaericus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Adromischus is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its toxicity is unconfirmed. Treat with caution, keep out of reach of pets, and consult a vet if any is ingested. Do not assume it is pet-safe without veterinary confirmation. |
| calico hearts | Adromischus maculatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Adromischus maculatus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the Crassulaceae family it belongs to contains both toxic (Kalanchoe, Crassula) and harmless members, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe. Treat with caution, keep out of pets' reach, and consult a vet if a pet ingests it; monitor for drooling or stomach upset. |
| marianiae adromischus | Adromischus marianiae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Adromischus marianiae is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and its family Crassulaceae includes toxic genera (Kalanchoe, Crassula) alongside benign ones, so it cannot be declared pet-safe. Treat with caution, keep away from curious pets, and seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs; watch for drooling or gastrointestinal upset. |
| calico hearts adromischus | Adromischus trigynus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Adromischus trigynus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the Crassulaceae family includes both toxic (Kalanchoe, Crassula) and harmless genera, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe. Treat with caution, keep out of pets' reach, and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected; monitor for drooling or vomiting. |
| Adzuki Bean | Vigna angularis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vigna angularis is a traditional food legume across East Asia. The genus Vigna contains no known toxic principles for dogs or cats and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Cooked adzuki beans are safe for pets in small amounts; raw beans contain lectins that may cause digestive upset if consumed in large quantities. |
| Blue Rain Bromeliad | Aechmea 'Blue Rain' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Aechmea and other bromeliads are not classed as toxic, so this is a pet-safe houseplant; as with any plant, eating a large amount of foliage could still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Foster's favorite bromeliad | Aechmea 'Foster's Favorite' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Aechmea (and bromeliads generally) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, though stiff leaf tips can cause mechanical irritation if chewed. |
| orange bromeliad | Aechmea blanchetiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies bromeliads of the genus Aechmea (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. Its main hazard is mechanical: the stout, spine-edged leaves can cut pets and people, so position it well away from animals rather than worrying about poisoning. |
| Amazonian Zebra Plant | Aechmea chantinii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Aechmea and bromeliads in general are not classified as toxic, making this a pet-safe houseplant; note that the stiff, finely spined leaf margins can physically scratch, so site it out of pets' paths. |
| cylindrical aechmea | Aechmea cylindrata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea is a non-toxic bromeliad genus; the ASPCA lists bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Aechmea species are confirmed non-toxic. The finely toothed leaf margins can still scratch, so handle with care around pets. |
| matchstick bromeliad | Aechmea gamosepala | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies Aechmea bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. This species is nearly spineless and soft-leaved, so even the usual mechanical-scratch caveat is minimal; chewing may at most cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| naked-stem aechmea | Aechmea nudicaulis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea is a non-toxic bromeliad genus; the ASPCA lists bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Aechmea species are confirmed non-toxic. Note the leaf margins are sharply spined and can cut skin or a pet's mouth. |
| Orlando's aechmea | Aechmea orlandiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea and bromeliads in general are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. There is no reported toxic principle; the spiny leaf margins pose only a mechanical, not chemical, hazard. |
| recurved aechmea | Aechmea recurvata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies Aechmea bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. The narrow leaves carry sharp marginal spines, so the practical risk is mechanical scratching of a pet's mouth, not poisoning. |
| Copper Pinwheel | Aeonium 'Sunburst' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a firm ASPCA-grounded safe rating cannot be given. The genus is widely considered non-toxic in horticulture, but without ASPCA confirmation, treat with caution, keep out of pets' reach, and consult a vet if a pet eats it. |
| giant velvet rose | Aeonium canariense | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution as mildly toxic and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Most Crassulaceae succulents cause only mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) if chewed, but absence of an ASPCA listing means we do not assert pet-safe. |
| saucer plant variegated | Aeonium castello-paivae 'Variegata' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The genus is generally regarded as low-risk, but ingesting any succulent can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| green aeonium | Aeonium decorum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its safety is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The genus is generally considered low-risk, but any succulent can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if a cat or dog ingests it. |
| pinwheel aeonium | Aeonium haworthii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. The genus is widely regarded as low-risk, but ingestion of any succulent can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Sim's aeonium | Aeonium simsii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is not formally confirmed. Treat it with caution and keep it away from pets; if your animal ingests any, contact a vet. Do not assume pet-safe without veterinary confirmation. |
| Sunburst aeonium | Aeonium davidbramwellii 'Sunburst' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is unconfirmed. Treat it with caution as potentially mildly irritating, keep it away from pets, and verify with a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingestion occurs rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| flat top aeonium | Aeonium tabuliforme | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its safety is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The genus is generally considered low-risk, but any succulent can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if a cat or dog chews it. |
| velour aeonium | Aeonium arboreum 'Velour' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed from an authoritative source. Third-party 'non-toxic' claims are not ASPCA-grounded. Treat with caution, keep out of reach of cats and dogs, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Two-lobed Aerangis | Aerangis biloba | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Aerangis is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Stately Aerangis | Aerangis fastuosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aerangis is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants, and ornamental orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Chewed foliage may cause minor stomach upset from fibre alone, so discourage pets from nibbling the plant. |
| Yellow-white Aerangis | Aerangis luteoalba | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Aerangis is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Red-dotted Aerangis | Aerangis rhodosticta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Aerangis is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| black pagoda lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus 'Black Pagoda' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Lipstick Plant, Aeschynanthus humilis, family Gesneriaceae), with no toxic principles. Ingesting large amounts may still cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, as with most houseplants. |
| Mona Lisa lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus 'Mona Lisa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As an Aeschynanthus (lipstick plant, family Gesneriaceae) cultivar, it inherits the genus status on the ASPCA non-toxic list (non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, no toxic principles). Safe around pets, though chewing any houseplant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| curly lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus 'Rasta' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Lipstick Plant, Aeschynanthus humilis, family Gesneriaceae), with no toxic principles. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus lobbianus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The lipstick plant (Aeschynanthus, family Gesneriaceae) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, classified non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses with no toxic principles. Safe around pets, though chewing the foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| zebra basket vine | Aeschynanthus marmoratus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Lipstick Plant, Aeschynanthus humilis, family Gesneriaceae), with no toxic principles. Eating large amounts may still cause mild, transient stomach upset, as with most houseplants. |
| royal red bugler | Aeschynanthus pulcher | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Aeschynanthus (lipstick plant, family Gesneriaceae) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, classified non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses with no toxic principles. Safe around pets, though, as with any plant, eating it may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Twisted lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus radicans 'Curly Q' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (lipstick plant, Aeschynanthus). No recognised toxic principle, though it is not meant for consumption and large amounts could cause minor stomach upset. |
| orange lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus speciosus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Lipstick Plant, Aeschynanthus humilis, family Gesneriaceae), with no toxic principles. As with any houseplant, eating large quantities could cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| tricolor lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus tricolor | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The lipstick plant (Aeschynanthus) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so A. tricolor is considered pet-safe; even so, ingesting plant material can cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| horsechestnut-leaved rodgersia | Rodgersia aesculifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rodgersia aesculifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is unlisted, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Despite the common name, it is unrelated to horse chestnut; with no authoritative ASPCA classification, treat it as uncertain rather than safe, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet. |
| Ruby Red Horse Chestnut | Aesculus × carnea 'Briotii' | flowering | Toxic | As an Aesculus, it is covered by the ASPCA's toxic listing for Horse Chestnut (toxic to dogs, cats and horses). All parts, including any conkers, contain aesculin and saponins; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, dilated pupils, weakness and incoordination, with seizures in severe cases. |
| Yellow Buckeye | Aesculus flava | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs and cats. The ASPCA lists buckeye/horse chestnut (Aesculus) as toxic; the toxic principles are aesculin and related glycosidic saponins present throughout the tree, including nuts, leaves, bark and shoots. Signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression or excitement, dilated pupils, twitching, incoordination and, in severe cases, convulsions. |
| Horse Chestnut | Aesculus hippocastanum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats and horses (entered as 'Horse Chestnut'). All parts, especially the seeds (conkers), contain aesculin and other saponins; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, depression or excitement, dilated pupils, weakness and incoordination, with seizures and coma in severe cases. Conkers also pose a choking and obstruction hazard. |
| Afghan iris | Iris cycloglossa | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the Iris genus, Iris cycloglossa is toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA classifies the genus Iris as toxic). The bulb and fleshy storage roots contain irisin, terpenoids, and quinones. Signs of ingestion include salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy; veterinary advice should be sought immediately. |
| African Baobab | Adansonia digitata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adansonia digitata is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The fruit pulp, leaves, seeds, and flowers are all widely consumed as human food across Africa with no documented toxicity to companion animals. The earlier search result conflating baobab with cycad toxicity is incorrect — Adansonia is in family Malvaceae, not Cycadaceae, and contains no cycasin. |
| Perennial Basil | Ocimum kilimandscharicum × basilicum 'Dark Opal' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists basil (Ocimum basilicum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. African Blue is an Ocimum hybrid (O. kilimandscharicum × basilicum) with no reported toxic principle, so it is treated as pet-safe; its high camphor content means large ingestions could cause mild GI upset, so moderation is sensible. |
| African bush mango | Irvingia gabonensis | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Irvingia is not on its toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. The ripe pulp is edible to humans and seeds are a food staple, but pet safety has not been ASPCA-confirmed, so do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| African cornflag | Chasmanthe aethiopica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chasmanthe aethiopica is not specifically listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The corms contain bioactive compounds including flavonoids and terpenoids that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed by curious pets. Until a definitive ASPCA listing is confirmed, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from cats and dogs. |
| African Crossandra | Crossandra nilotica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Crossandra (family Acanthaceae) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The genus has no reported toxic principle and is considered safe in homes with pets. |
| African feather grass | Pennisetum macrourum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pennisetum (fountain grass) genus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Pennisetum setaceum is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list; P. macrourum belongs to the same genus with no reported toxic principles. Consuming large amounts of grass may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| African Kedrostis | Kedrostis africana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Kedrostis africana (Cucurbitaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. Many cucurbits contain cucurbitacins — bitter triterpenoid compounds — that can cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets or humans. Treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets as a precaution. |
| African Liana Sundew | Triphyophyllum peltatum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Triphyophyllum peltatum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The plant contains naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids (including dioncophylline A) that exhibit significant biological activity; the safety of these compounds to domestic pets is unstudied. Given the bioactive alkaloid content and the absence of any formal safety classification, this plant should not be considered pet-safe — seek immediate veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of it. |
| African Mangosteen | Garcinia livingstonei | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia livingstonei is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. No documented human toxicity reported in available horticultural literature. The genus as a whole is not ASPCA-cleared, so pet safety cannot be confirmed. Exercise caution and keep pets away from the plant and fallen fruit. |
| African marigold | Tagetes erecta | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Tagetes species as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. The foliage and sap contain thiophene derivatives and can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) and contact dermatitis. Not considered life-threatening in typical exposure amounts. |
| African marigold | Tagetes erecta 'Crackerjack' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True marigolds (Tagetes, family Compositae) differ from the ASPCA's non-toxic 'Garden/Pot Marigold' (Calendula). Tagetes foliage contains phototoxic thiophenes and pungent essential oils that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and skin or mouth irritation in cats and dogs; treat as mildly toxic and keep pets from chewing it. |
| African milk tree | Euphorbia trigona | houseplant | Toxic | Euphorbia trigona is not listed individually in the ASPCA database, but the genus is consistently toxic: the ASPCA lists close relatives such as pencil cactus (Euphorbia tirucalli), poinsettia and crown of thorns as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with irritant latex sap as the toxic principle. Treat as toxic and verify with a vet: the milky white sap irritates skin and eyes and causes mouth, throat and GI irritation with vomiting if chewed. Keep away from pets and children. |
| African Moringa | Moringa stenopetala | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Moringa stenopetala belongs to family Moringaceae, which has no documented cardiotoxic, calcium oxalate, or alkaloid-based toxicity to companion animals. It is not listed by the ASPCA. The edible leaf and pod tissues are well-tolerated by livestock across East Africa. As with M. oleifera, roots and bark contain isothiocyanates and should be kept away from pets in large quantities. |
| African Star Apple | Chrysophyllum africanum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Chrysophyllum africanum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The useful-tropical-plants database notes 'none known' for hazards, and the ripe fruit is widely consumed across West Africa. However, as with other Sapotaceae, seeds and bark may contain saponins. No formal pet toxicity assessment exists; exercise caution and keep pets away from seeds and plant debris. |
| African tamarisk | Tamarix africana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tamarix africana is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic, though the salt secreted onto leaf surfaces can occasionally cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Saintpaulia | Saintpaulia ionantha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Saintpaulia as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| blue African violet | Saintpaulia ionantha 'Blue Nile' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (African violet, Saintpaulia, is classed as non-toxic). Safe around pets. |
| EverFloris African Violet | Saintpaulia 'Optimara EverFloris' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violet (Saintpaulia) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so 'Optimara EverFloris' is pet-safe. No toxic principle is associated with it, though eating large amounts of any plant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| miniature African violet | Saintpaulia ionantha 'Optimara Little Maya' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (African violet, Saintpaulia, is classed as non-toxic). Safe to keep around pets. |
| Optimara African violet | Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia 'Optimara' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. African violets (Saintpaulia, now within Streptocarpus) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so an inquisitive nibble should cause no more than possible mild, transient stomach upset. |
| trailing African violet | Saintpaulia ionantha 'Rob's Boolaroo' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (African violet, Saintpaulia, is classed as non-toxic). Safe to grow around pets. |
| African violet | Streptocarpus ionanthus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Streptocarpus (including former Saintpaulia) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Safe for homes with pets. |
| African wild ginger | Siphonochilus aethiopicus | herb | Mildly toxic | Not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. Rhizomes are widely used in traditional African medicine for human consumption, but laboratory research has recorded significant micronuclei induction and DNA damage potential in human cells from plant extracts, suggesting bioactive compounds. As specific pet-safety data is absent, classify as mildly-toxic — keep away from cats and dogs and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| African Wormwood | Artemisia afra | herb | Mildly toxic | Artemisia afra is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Acute toxicity studies in rodents confirm the aqueous extract has measurable biological activity; the genus broadly contains volatile oils (camphor, thujone derivatives) that are mildly toxic to pets. ASPCA classifies tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Treat A. afra as mildly toxic by genus association. Traditional human medicinal use is well-documented but dosage and route matter — garden exposure is low-risk but contact and ingestion should be avoided in pets. |
| broad-leaved yellowwood | Podocarpus latifolius | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Podocarpus is classified (as 'Buddhist Pine', Podocarpaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As a Podocarpus species, treat foliage and seeds as toxic and keep away from pets; verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Afro hard rush | Juncus inflexus 'Afro' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus species, including Juncus effusus corkscrew rush, are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. Juncus inflexus is similarly considered non-toxic, though ingestion of significant quantities of any fibrous plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Headbourne Hybrid agapanthus | Agapanthus 'Headbourne Hybrids' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Agapanthus is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; it is not a true lily (not Liliaceae) and does not cause lily-type kidney failure. However the sap and rhizomes contain saponins that can cause drooling, vomiting and mouth irritation if chewed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Midnight Blue agapanthus | Agapanthus 'Midnight Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Agapanthus is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database and is not a true lily, so it does not cause lily-type renal failure. Its sap and rhizomes contain saponins that may cause drooling, oral irritation and vomiting if chewed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Navy Blue agapanthus | Agapanthus 'Navy Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Agapanthus is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database and is not a true lily, so it does not cause lily-type renal failure. Its sap and rhizomes hold saponins that can cause drooling, oral irritation and vomiting if chewed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet on ingestion. |
| white African lily | Agapanthus africanus 'Albus' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Agapanthus africanus is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database and is not a true lily, so it poses no lily-type kidney risk. The sap and rhizome contain saponins that can cause drooling, mouth irritation and vomiting if chewed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| drooping agapanthus | Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Agapanthus inapertus is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database and is not a true lily, so it carries no lily-type kidney risk. Its sap and rhizome contain saponins that can cause drooling, mouth irritation and vomiting if chewed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet on ingestion. |
| Black Adder agastache | Agastache 'Black Adder' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Agastache 'Black Adder' is a hybrid not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its parent anise hyssop, Agastache foeniculum, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, but this cultivar is not specifically cleared, and its aromatic oils may cause mild GI upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Blue Fortune hyssop | Agastache 'Blue Fortune' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache foeniculum (anise hyssop), the dominant parent of 'Blue Fortune', is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset, but it is not considered toxic. Identify correctly, as some other Agastache species and true hyssop (Hyssopus) differ. |
| Kudos Coral hummingbird mint | Agastache 'Kudos Coral' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Agastache is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an aromatic member of the mint family (Lamiaceae), large ingestions of the essential-oil-rich foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. |
| century plant | Agave americana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave americana is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sap contains irritant saponins and calcium oxalate that can cause drooling, mouth irritation and GI upset, and the teeth and terminal spine pose a real mechanical injury risk. |
| yellow-edged century plant | Agave americana 'Marginata' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave americana and its cultivars are not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so the status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sap contains irritant saponins and calcium oxalate causing drooling, mouth irritation and GI upset, and the marginal teeth and tip spine pose a mechanical injury risk. |
| white-striped century plant | Agave americana 'Mediopicta Alba' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave americana and its cultivars are not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so the status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sap holds irritant saponins and calcium oxalate that cause drooling, mouth irritation and GI upset, and the leaf teeth and tip spine pose a mechanical injury risk. |
| Caribbean agave | Agave angustifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave angustifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with other Agave species, veterinary poison-control sources document calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and dermal irritation from the sap, plus injury from the sharp terminal spine and leaf teeth. |
| foxtail agave | Agave attenuata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave attenuata is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other agaves the sap contains irritant saponins and calcium oxalate that can cause drooling, mouth irritation, vomiting and loose stools if chewed, though this species lacks the spines of its relatives. |
| Boutin blue foxtail agave | Agave attenuata 'Boutin Blue' | houseplant | Toxic | Agave is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the sap contains saponins and calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling and gastrointestinal upset, plus contact dermatitis. Though this spineless selection is gentle to handle, the irritant sap means pets should not chew the leaves. |
| cow horn agave | Agave bovicornuta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave bovicornuta is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The Agave genus is widely documented by veterinary poison-control sources to contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and skin/contact irritation from the sap, plus injury risk from sharp leaf teeth and terminal spine. |
| squid agave | Agave bracteosa | houseplant | Toxic | Agave is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the sap contains saponins and calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling and gastrointestinal upset, plus contact dermatitis. Although this species is spineless and safe to handle, the irritant sap means pets should still be kept from chewing it. |
| golden-flowered agave | Agave chrysantha | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave chrysantha is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a member of the Agave genus, it is reported by veterinary poison-control sources to contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and contact dermatitis from the sap, plus injury from sharp leaf teeth and the terminal spine. |
| Mescal ceniza | Agave colorata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave colorata is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other Agave species, veterinary poison-control sources document calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and dermal irritation from the sap, with added injury risk from the bold teeth and sharp terminal spine. |
| desert agave | Agave deserti | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave deserti is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other agaves, it is reported by veterinary poison-control sources to contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and skin irritation from the sap, with added injury risk from the rigid spines and teeth. |
| irregular agave | Agave difformis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave difformis is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an Agave species it is reported by veterinary poison-control sources to contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and skin irritation from the sap, plus injury risk from the leaf teeth and terminal spine. |
| thread agave | Agave filifera | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus contains calcium oxalate raphides and steroidal saponins in its sap, which can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) if chewed and contact dermatitis on skin. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| twin-flowered agave | Agave geminiflora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus carries calcium oxalate raphides and steroidal saponins in its sap that can cause mouth and gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) if chewed and skin dermatitis on contact. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests it. |
| Guiengola agave | Agave guiengola | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave guiengola is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other agaves, it is reported by veterinary poison-control sources to contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and skin irritation from the sap, with added injury risk from the leaf teeth and terminal spine. |
| Havard's agave | Agave havardiana | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Agave (Agave species, e.g. Agave americana) as toxic to dogs and cats. Sap and the leaf raphides contain calcium oxalate and saponins, causing skin and mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea; the sharp terminal spine is a separate puncture hazard. |
| dwarf butterfly agave | Agave isthmensis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Agave as toxic to dogs and cats. The sap and leaf tissue contain calcium oxalate raphides and saponins, which can cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed; the marginal and terminal spines are an added physical hazard. |
| lechuguilla | Agave lechuguilla | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Agave as toxic to dogs and cats. Lechuguilla is additionally well documented as toxic to grazing livestock, with leaf saponins and calcium oxalate causing photosensitisation and liver/kidney effects; for pets the chewed sap causes oral irritation, drooling and GI upset, and the terminal spine is a puncture risk. |
| thorn-crested agave | Agave lophantha | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus contains calcium oxalate raphides and steroidal saponins, which can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) if chewed and contact dermatitis from the sap. Treat as a caution plant around pets and consult a vet if ingestion happens. |
| large-thorned agave | Agave macroacantha | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Agave as toxic to dogs and cats. The sap and leaf raphides contain calcium oxalate and saponins, which on chewing cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea; the long black terminal spine is a notable puncture hazard. |
| marbled agave | Agave marmorata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Agave as toxic to dogs and cats. Leaf sap contains calcium oxalate raphides and saponins, which cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed; the terminal leaf spines pose a physical puncture risk. |
| mild agave | Agave mitis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Agave as toxic to dogs and cats. Despite its softer leaves, the sap contains calcium oxalate raphides and saponins, which cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed; treat it like any other agave around pets. |
| mountain agave | Agave montana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus contains calcium oxalate raphides and steroidal saponins, which can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) if chewed and contact dermatitis from the sap. Treat as a caution plant around pets and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| chahuiqui | Agave multifilifera | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Agave as toxic to dogs and cats. The leaf sap contains calcium oxalate raphides and saponins, which cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed; the terminal spine remains a puncture hazard even though the leaf margins bear soft threads rather than teeth. |
| Nickels' agave | Agave nickelsiae | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Agave as toxic to dogs and cats. The leaf sap contains calcium oxalate raphides and saponins, which cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed; the single hard black terminal spine is an additional puncture hazard. |
| Nizanda agave | Agave nizandensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Agave leaves and sap contain irritating calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can cause drooling, mouth and skin irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. Keep away from pets that nibble plants. |
| whale's tongue agave | Agave ovatifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus contains calcium oxalate raphides and steroidal saponins in its sap that can cause mouth and gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) if chewed and contact dermatitis on skin. Keep out of reach of pets and seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests it. |
| Palmer's agave | Agave palmeri | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The leaves and sap contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can irritate the mouth and skin and cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. The sharp terminal spine is a physical hazard to pets and people. |
| Parras agave | Agave parrasana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Leaf tissue and sap contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. Keep away from pets inclined to nibble. |
| Parry's agave | Agave parryi | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave parryi is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with other agaves the sap contains irritant saponins and calcium oxalate that can cause drooling, mouth irritation and GI upset, and the terminal spines pose a mechanical injury risk. |
| artichoke agave cultivar | Agave parryi 'Truncata' | houseplant | Toxic | Agave is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the sap contains saponins and calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and contact dermatitis. The sharp dark terminal spine on each leaf is a notable puncture hazard to pets and people. |
| artichoke agave | Agave parryi var. truncata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave parryi var. truncata is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other agaves the sap contains irritant saponins and calcium oxalate that can cause drooling, mouth irritation and GI upset, and the terminal spines pose a mechanical injury risk. |
| pelon agave | Agave pelona | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other agaves, the leaves and sap contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can irritate the mouth and skin and cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. The hard terminal spine is also a physical hazard. |
| butterfly agave | Agave potatorum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus contains calcium oxalate raphides and steroidal saponins, which can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) if chewed and contact dermatitis from the sap. Treat with caution around pets and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| fiber agave | Agave schidigera | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The leaves and sap contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. Keep away from pets that chew plants. |
| Shreve's agave | Agave shrevei | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The leaves and sap contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can cause mouth and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. The teeth and terminal spine are also a physical hazard to pets. |
| Baja mescal | Agave sobria | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The leaves and sap contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. The marginal teeth and terminal spine are also a physical hazard. |
| narrow-leaf agave | Agave striata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The leaves and sap contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can cause mouth and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. The needle-sharp leaf tips are a notable physical hazard to pets, children and eyes. |
| hedgehog agave | Agave stricta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus contains calcium oxalate raphides and steroidal saponins in its sap that can cause mouth and gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) if chewed and contact dermatitis on skin. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests it. |
| blue agave | Agave tequilana | edible | Mildly toxic | Agave tequilana is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Although the cooked core is used to make tequila and agave syrup for humans, the raw plant contains calcium oxalate crystals and saponins documented by veterinary sources to irritate the mouth and gut and cause vomiting in pets; sharp leaf spines pose a physical hazard. |
| chalk agave | Agave titanota | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus contains calcium oxalate raphides and steroidal saponins in its sap that can cause mouth and gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) if chewed and contact dermatitis on skin. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests it. |
| Toumey's agave | Agave toumeyana | houseplant | Toxic | Agave is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs (Agave species, e.g. Agave americana); the sap contains irritant saponins and calcium oxalate crystals causing oral and skin irritation, drooling, and gastrointestinal upset if chewed. The leaf tips and teeth can also cause physical injury. |
| Utah agave | Agave utahensis | houseplant | Toxic | Agave is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the sap contains saponins and calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and skin contact dermatitis. The rigid terminal spine and marginal teeth also pose a puncture hazard to curious pets. |
| Queen Victoria agave | Agave victoriae-reginae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave victoriae-reginae is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other agaves the sap contains irritant saponins and calcium oxalate that can cause drooling, mouth irritation and GI upset, and the firm leaf tips can prick. |
| compact Queen Victoria agave | Agave victoriae-reginae 'Compacta' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Agave is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but agaves are documented to contain irritant sap with calcium oxalate crystals and saponins that can cause mouth, lip and tongue irritation, drooling, and stomach upset if chewed; the rigid terminal spine can also injure pets. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if your pet ingests it. |
| octopus agave | Agave vilmoriniana | houseplant | Toxic | Agave is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the sap contains saponins and calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and contact dermatitis. Although this species is spineless and physically gentler, the sap remains an irritant, so keep pets from chewing it. |
| woody-spined agave | Agave xylonacantha | houseplant | Toxic | Agave is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the sap contains saponins and calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling and gastrointestinal upset, plus contact dermatitis. The large hooked marginal teeth and rigid terminal spine are a significant physical hazard to pets and people. |
| zebra agave | Agave zebra | houseplant | Toxic | Agave is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the sap contains saponins and calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and contact dermatitis. The marginal teeth and rigid terminal spine also pose a puncture risk to pets. |
| Agave-leaved Sea Holly | Eryngium agavifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eryngium is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic; the genus is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, though the sharp leaf spines may cause physical injury if a pet chews the foliage. |
| Artist Blue Ageratum | Ageratum houstonianum 'Artist Blue' | flowering | Toxic | Ageratum houstonianum is not on the ASPCA list, but it contains pyrrolizidine-type alkaloids and coumarin compounds and is generally regarded as toxic if ingested. Treat it as toxic to pets and people; ingestion can cause digestive upset and, with chronic exposure, potential liver harm. Verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Blue Horizon Ageratum | Ageratum houstonianum 'Blue Horizon' | flowering | Toxic | Ageratum houstonianum is not on the ASPCA list, but it contains pyrrolizidine-type alkaloids and coumarin compounds and is generally regarded as toxic if ingested. Treat it as toxic to pets and people; ingestion can cause digestive upset and, with chronic exposure, potential liver harm. Verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Creta Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Creta' | houseplant | Toxic | Aglaonema (Chinese Evergreen) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Emerald Beauty Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema commutatum 'Emerald Beauty' | houseplant | Toxic | Aglaonema (Chinese Evergreen) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral and lip irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| First Diamond Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema commutatum 'First Diamond' | houseplant | Toxic | Aglaonema (Chinese Evergreen) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Lady Valentine Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Lady Valentine' | houseplant | Toxic | Aglaonema (Chinese Evergreen) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, burning of the mouth and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Red Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Siam Aurora' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese Evergreen) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals found throughout the plant. 'Siam Aurora' is a cultivar of this genus, so treat it as toxic. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Sparkling Sarah Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Sparkling Sarah' | houseplant | Toxic | Aglaonema (Chinese Evergreen) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Chinese evergreen | Aglaonema commutatum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle; the same chemistry is present genus-wide, including Aglaonema commutatum. Chewing or swallowing any part releases these crystals, causing oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children, and wash hands after handling the sap. |
| Anyamanee Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Anyamanee' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, burning of the mouth, lips and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant away from pets and children. |
| Burmese Evergreen | Aglaonema brevispathum | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the genus Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs, and this species belongs to that genus. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, burning mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Chocolate Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Chocolate' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Cutlass Chinese evergreen | Aglaonema commutatum 'Cutlass' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA. Aglaonema commutatum (Chinese evergreen) is an aroid containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Dud Unyamanee Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Dud Unyamanee' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Aglaonema is ASPCA-listed as toxic (genus Aglaonema, family Araceae) due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain and burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Emerald Bay Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Emerald Bay' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Firecracker Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Firecracker' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Gemini Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Gemini' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral and mouth irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets and small children. |
| Golden Bay Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Golden Bay' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Position this large plant where pets and children cannot chew the leaves. |
| Harlequin Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Harlequin' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing leaves causes oral burning and irritation, hypersalivation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Jubilee Petite Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Jubilee Petite' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, a burning sensation in the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting, and trouble swallowing if chewed. Keep this small plant out of pets' reach. |
| Legacy Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Legacy' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets and children. |
| Malay Beauty Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Malay Beauty' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Aglaonema is in the ASPCA toxic-plant list (genus Aglaonema, family Araceae) due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Maria Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Maria' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves causes oral and lip burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and small children. |
| Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema modestum | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. A. modestum contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral and lip irritation, a burning sensation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Pewter Aglaonema | Aglaonema nitidum | houseplant | Toxic | Aglaonema (Chinese Evergreen) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Osaka Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Osaka' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, a burning sensation in the mouth and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Bicolor Aglaonema | Aglaonema pictum 'Bicolor' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs, and this extends to the genus including A. pictum. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Camouflage plant | Aglaonema pictum 'Tricolor' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to pets. The ASPCA lists the genus (Chinese evergreen, Aglaonema modestum, family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; Aglaonema pictum 'Tricolor' is not individually named but is the same aroid genus. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; the sap can also irritate skin. Keep away from pets and children and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Pink Beauty Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Pink Beauty' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral and lip irritation, a burning sensation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Pink Dalmatian Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Pink Dalmatian' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; biting the leaves causes intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it away from pets and young children. |
| Prosperity Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Prosperity' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic agent is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing cause oral and lip burning, hypersalivation, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Place out of reach of pets and small children. |
| Red Siam Chinese evergreen | Aglaonema 'Red Siam' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA. Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen), an aroid, contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Round-Leaf Aglaonema | Aglaonema rotundum | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs, and this applies to the genus including A. rotundum. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Silver Bay Chinese evergreen | Aglaonema 'Silver Bay' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA. As an Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) aroid, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; biting releases them, causing oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. |
| Silver Queen Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Silver Queen' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing when leaves are chewed. Keep away from pets and young children. |
| Spring Snow Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Spring Snow' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, a burning mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Striped Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Stripes' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals it contains cause oral and lip irritation, an intense burning sensation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Suksom Jaipong Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Suksom Jaipong' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this colourful plant out of reach of pets and children. |
| Super White Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Super White' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Tigress Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'Tigress' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; biting or chewing causes oral and lip burning, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Site it away from curious pets. |
| Unyamanee Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Unyamanee' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and small children. |
| White Rajah Chinese Evergreen | Aglaonema 'White Rajah' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant away from pets and children. |
| Widuri Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Widuri' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, an intense burning sensation in the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Wishes Aglaonema | Aglaonema 'Wishes' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Aglaonema (Chinese evergreen) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Site it away from curious pets and children. |
| Agnes Rose | Rosa 'Agnes' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; genuine Rosa species are non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The main hazards are mechanical thorn injuries to mouth and paws and mild GI upset if large amounts are eaten. |
| agrimony | Agrimonia eupatoria | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Agrimony is high in tannins, which can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea if grazed in quantity. It is not confirmed as non-toxic by the ASPCA, so although risk is generally low, do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Tillandsia | Tillandsia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Air Potato | Dioscorea bulbifera | edible | Mildly toxic | Wild and feral forms of D. bulbifera contain bitter dioscorine alkaloids and steroidal saponins that cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and potentially more severe toxicity if ingested raw in quantity. Edible cultivars have lower toxin levels but should still be cooked thoroughly before consumption. Not individually listed by ASPCA; treat raw plant material as potentially toxic to pets. Note: this species is a Category 1 invasive in Florida and is regulated in several US Gulf states — check local regulations before growing outdoors. |
| Aizoon Rosularia | Rosularia aizoon | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia aizoon is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Crassulaceae, it lacks the toxic principles reported in Crassula (jade) or Kalanchoe. No toxicity to dogs, cats, or humans has been reported for this genus. Standard caution around pets is always advisable. |
| aji amarillo | Capsicum baccatum 'Aji Amarillo' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; true culinary Capsicum is not on its toxic-plant list (the ASPCA 'Ornamental Pepper' entry is the unrelated Solanum pseudocapsicum/Jerusalem cherry). However, capsaicin in the pods and foliage is a strong mucous-membrane and GI irritant that can cause drooling, mouth pain, vomiting and diarrhoea in cats and dogs. Treat with caution, keep pets from chewing the plant, and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| chocolate vine | Akebia quinata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Reports are conflicting — many sources consider it low-risk, but eating quantities of leaves or fruit may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets, so discourage chewing rather than assuming it is safe. |
| three-leaf akebia | Akebia trifoliata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with related Akebia, toxicity data is limited and conflicting; the fruit pulp is eaten by people in parts of Asia, but ingestion of leaves or seeds by pets may cause mild stomach upset, so do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Alabama Lip Fern | Cheilanthes alabamensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cheilanthes alabamensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no toxic principle has been formally documented for this species. In the absence of a confirmed non-toxic listing, it is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests this fern. |
| Alan Fradd rock rose | Cistus × purpureus 'Alan Fradd' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus × purpureus 'Alan Fradd' is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no toxic principles have been identified for this hybrid in veterinary literature. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Albany Cycad | Encephalartos latifrons | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species (cycads) are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. All plant parts contain cycasin and related azoxyglycoside toxins causing vomiting, liver failure, haemorrhaging, and potentially death. Even small ingestions require emergency veterinary care. ASPCA lists cycads (including Encephalartos) as severely toxic. |
| Albany pitcher plant | Cephalotus follicularis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cephalotus follicularis is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and its genus (which contains only this one species) has no ASPCA-listed members, so there is no authoritative pet-safety confirmation. The one ASPCA-listed pitcher plant, the California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica), is an unrelated genus and family, so it cannot vouch for this species. We therefore treat it conservatively as mildly toxic - keep it away from pets and consult your vet if any is eaten. |
| Albany pitcher plant | Cephalotus follicularis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cephalotus follicularis is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic compounds have been formally identified, but because ASPCA listing is absent a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Albert's Gold tree heath | Erica arborea 'Albert's Gold' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica arborea 'Albert's Gold' is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic. The Erica genus has no identified toxic principles. Generally considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; mild gastrointestinal upset is possible after large ingestion. |
| Albion Black Pod nigella | Nigella damascena 'Albion Black Pod' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As with all Nigella damascena cultivars, seeds contain alkaloids (damascenine) that are toxic if consumed in quantity. Not individually ASPCA-listed. Keep seeds away from pets and children; may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested. |
| Albion strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Albion' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa (garden strawberry) is listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Fruit and foliage are safe for dogs and cats, though overconsumption of fruit may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Albion Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Albion' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The fruit, leaves, and stolons pose no known toxic risk, though large quantities of fruit may cause mild GI upset in pets due to natural sugars. |
| Silk Tree | Albizia julibrissin | flowering | Mildly toxic | Albizia julibrissin is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and sources conflict — the seeds and seed pods contain neuroactive alkaloids that may cause vomiting, weakness, tremors or seizures if eaten in quantity, while foliage is lower risk. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Hardy Silk Tree | Albizia julibrissin 'Rosea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Albizia julibrissin, it is not individually listed by the ASPCA and sources conflict; the seeds and pods contain neuroactive alkaloids that may cause vomiting, weakness, tremors or seizures if ingested in quantity. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| imperial bromeliad | Alcantarea imperialis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads such as Alcantarea are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA lists bromeliad-family plants as non-toxic. Chewed leaves may cause only mild, transient oral irritation, and the broad leaf bases hold water that should be kept clean to deter mosquito larvae. |
| fragrant alcantarea | Alcantarea odorata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a bromeliad, Alcantarea odorata falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic classification for bromeliad-family plants for cats and dogs. The chief precautions are mild, passing oral irritation if foliage is chewed and keeping the tank water clean to discourage mosquito breeding. |
| Lady's mantle | Alchemilla mollis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Alchemilla mollis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so it cannot be confirmed as pet-safe. Several horticultural sources describe lady's mantle as non-toxic, but without ASPCA grounding treat it with caution; ingesting plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and verify with a vet if a pet eats it. |
| alerce | Fitzroya cupressoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fitzroya is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats and dogs. With no authoritative listing, treat it as uncertain — a possible GI irritant if chewed — and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Aleutian Mountain Heath | Phyllodoce aleutica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phyllodoce aleutica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic plant databases. As a member of Ericaceae, the family known to contain grayanotoxins in many genera, it should be treated as mildly toxic to cats and dogs as a precaution; keep pets away and contact a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Aleutian mountain heather | Phyllodoce aleutica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phyllodoce aleutica belongs to Ericaceae and is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Ericaceae family contains genera with grayanotoxins (Rhododendron, Kalmia, Leucothoe), and Phyllodoce shares this family affiliation. Out of appropriate precaution, treat as potentially mildly toxic to pets. Keep away from dogs, cats, and livestock. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Alexandra palm | Archontophoenix alexandrae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Archontophoenix is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which classifies true palms such as areca and parlor palm as non-toxic; this species shares no recognised toxic principle. Treat as low-risk but uncertain, watch for mild GI upset if fronds or fruit are chewed, and verify with a vet. Do not confuse with the genuinely toxic sago palm (a cycad). |
| Alexandria strawberry | Fragaria vesca 'Alexandria' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA classifies Strawberry and Wild Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) as non-toxic, so the fruit and foliage of this Fragaria vesca cultivar pose no poisoning risk to pets. |
| Alexandria Alpine Strawberry | Fragaria vesca 'Alexandria' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria (strawberry) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The fruits, leaves, and runners pose no known toxicity risk to pets. |
| Algerian Fir | Abies numidica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies numidica is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Abies genus has no reported toxic principles. True firs are not considered toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. Resin and needles may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if consumed in quantity. |
| Alice's sundew | Drosera aliciae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA does not individually list Drosera aliciae, and no sundew or Drosera species appears anywhere in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a clean pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. As a precaution treat it as mildly toxic — ingestion of any plant matter can cause mild stomach upset or vomiting — and verify with your vet before allowing pet access. |
| Alii fig | Ficus maclellandii 'Alii' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Ficus as toxic, with toxic principles ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and ficusin (psoralen) in the milky sap. Ingestion or contact with the sap can cause mouth and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and decreased appetite. Position out of pets' reach and wear gloves when pruning. |
| Water Plantain | Alisma plantago-aquatica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Alisma plantago-aquatica is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fresh plant contains acrid saponin-type compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset and skin/mouth irritation (the foliage is only made edible for humans by thorough cooking or drying), so do not let cats or dogs graze it. |
| All Blue potato | Solanum tuberosum 'All Blue' | edible | Toxic | Toxic per the ASPCA listing for potato (Solanum tuberosum). The green foliage, stems, sprouts and any green or sun-exposed tubers contain solanine and related glycoalkaloids; signs in cats and dogs include hypersalivation, severe GI upset, lethargy and CNS depression. Only the fully cured, non-green tuber is edible; keep pets away from the plant and green peelings. |
| all gold Japanese forest grass | Hakonechloa macra 'All Gold' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Hakonechloa macra 'All Gold' is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as with most ornamental grasses, nibbling the coarse blades may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| All Gold Lemon Balm | Melissa officinalis 'All Gold' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Has mild sedative properties at high doses — consult a vet before intentionally offering it to pets. |
| All Gold Lemon Balm | Melissa officinalis 'All Gold' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melissa officinalis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The 'All Gold' cultivar is a selection of the same species and carries the same safety profile. Safe for households with pets. |
| Allegheny chinkapin | Castanea pumila | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Castanea pumila is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus Castanea (true chestnut, family Fagaceae) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so the genus stance is non-toxic. Do not confuse it with toxic horse chestnut (Aesculus). |
| Allegheny serviceberry | Amelanchier laevis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amelanchier laevis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The berries are widely eaten by humans and wildlife; no toxic principles are associated with the Amelanchier genus for dogs or cats. |
| Allegheny Spurge | Pachysandra procumbens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pachysandra procumbens is not individually listed by the ASPCA for toxicity to dogs or cats. Like other Pachysandra species, it contains alkaloids and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. As data specific to this native species is limited, treat with caution around pets. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Allioni's primrose | Primula allionii | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Primula (primrose) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The specific toxic principle is unknown; clinical signs include mild to moderate vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. |
| Firmament allium | Allium 'Firmament' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Allium species as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulbs and foliage contain organosulfur compounds such as N-propyl disulfide that trigger oxidative red-blood-cell damage, causing vomiting, weakness, anaemia and rapid breathing. Store bulbs and clippings out of pets' reach. |
| Gladiator allium | Allium hollandicum 'Gladiator' | flowering | Toxic | As an Allium, ASPCA classifies it as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Its N-propyl disulfide damages red blood cells, causing Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia with vomiting, lethargy, weakness, pale gums, elevated heart rate, panting and discoloured urine. The bulbs are the most concentrated and most likely to be dug up — keep pets away from bulbs, foliage and flowers. |
| Globemaster allium | Allium 'Globemaster' | flowering | Toxic | Being an Allium, it is ASPCA-classified as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Its N-propyl disulfide damages red blood cell membranes, producing Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia with vomiting, lethargy, weakness, pale gums, elevated heart rate, panting and discoloured urine. The large bulbs are the most concentrated and tempting for digging pets — keep dogs and cats away from bulbs, leaves and flowers. |
| Hair allium | Allium vineale 'Hair' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Allium species as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain N-propyl disulfide and related organosulfur compounds that cause oxidative damage to red blood cells, leading to vomiting, lethargy, anaemia and elevated heart rate. Keep bulbs and trimmings away from pets. |
| Mount Everest allium | Allium stipitatum 'Mount Everest' | flowering | Toxic | As an Allium, ASPCA classifies it as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The N-propyl disulfide it contains causes oxidative red-blood-cell damage and Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia, with signs such as vomiting, lethargy, weakness, pale gums, rapid heart rate, panting and blood-tinged urine. The bulbs hold the highest concentration; prevent pets from digging up or chewing any part of the plant. |
| Purple Sensation allium | Allium hollandicum 'Purple Sensation' | flowering | Toxic | As an Allium (ornamental onion), ASPCA classifies it as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle, N-propyl disulfide, causes oxidative damage to red blood cells leading to Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia; signs include vomiting, weakness, lethargy, rapid heart rate, panting and blood in the urine. Bulbs are especially concentrated. Keep pets from digging up or chewing bulbs, foliage or flowers. |
| tumbleweed onion | Allium schubertii | flowering | Toxic | As an Allium, ASPCA classifies it as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The N-propyl disulfide it contains causes oxidative red-blood-cell damage and Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia, with signs including vomiting, weakness, lethargy, pale gums, rapid heart rate, panting and discoloured urine. The bulb is the most concentrated part; keep pets from digging up or chewing bulbs, foliage or flowers. |
| Alma Potschke aster | Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 'Alma Potschke' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Symphyotrichum (Aster) species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No known toxic principles in this genus. |
| All-in-One almond | Prunus dulcis 'All-in-One' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Prunus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The leaves, stems, and especially the kernels and pits contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) that release cyanide; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, and shock. Keep pets away from prunings, wilting foliage, and dropped nuts. |
| Carmel almond | Prunus dulcis 'Carmel' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Prunus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, stems, and kernels contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) that release cyanide; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, and shock. Keep pets away from prunings, wilting foliage, and dropped nuts. |
| Fritz almond | Prunus dulcis 'Fritz' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the genus Prunus (almond, plum, peach, cherry) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides; stems, leaves and seed kernels can release cyanide, with signs including brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, laboured breathing and shock. Keep pets away from prunings, foliage and unprocessed kernels. |
| Marcona almond | Prunus dulcis 'Marcona' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Prunus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, stems, and kernels/pits contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) releasing cyanide; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, and shock. Keep pets away from clippings, wilted foliage, and dropped nuts. |
| Mission almond | Prunus dulcis 'Mission' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Prunus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The foliage, stems, and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) that release cyanide; signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, panting, and shock. Keep pets from prunings, wilted leaves, and fallen nuts. |
| Nonpareil almond | Prunus dulcis 'Nonpareil' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Prunus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Foliage, stems, and seeds/kernels contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) that release cyanide; clinical signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, panting, and difficulty breathing. Keep pets from prunings, wilted leaves, and fallen nuts. |
| Tuono almond | Prunus dulcis 'Tuono' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA classes the sweet almond kernels eaten by people as not toxic to pets, but almond belongs to Prunus, a genus the ASPCA lists as toxic because the leaves, twigs, bark and seed kernels contain cyanogenic glycosides. Chewed pits, foliage or any bitter-almond material can release cyanide, causing breathing distress, dilated pupils, shock and collapse in dogs and cats. Whole nuts also risk GI obstruction and pancreatitis; keep prunings and nuts away from pets. |
| Almost-round Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus suborbicularis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Streptocarpus spp. (Cape Primrose) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| elephant ear | Alocasia macrorrhiza | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing causes intense oral pain, drooling and swelling. |
| Pink Dragon | Alocasia 'Pink Dragon' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (Alocasia spp., family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing releases the crystals, causing oral irritation, intense pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this cultivar out of pets' reach. |
| African mask plant | Alocasia × amazonica | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. The needle-like raphides released on chewing cause oral irritation, intense pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children; seek veterinary care or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| variegated African mask | Alocasia × amazonica 'Variegata' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; biting the leaves or stems releases needle-like raphides that cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, lips and tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Baginda alocasia | Alocasia baginda | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. Needle-like raphides released when chewed cause oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets and children; seek veterinary care or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| Alocasia Bambino | Alocasia x amazonica 'Bambino' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Alocasia (Alocasia spp., as "Elephant's Ear", family Araceae) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Bambino Arrow alocasia | Alocasia × amazonica 'Bambino Arrow' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. This amazonica hybrid contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep well away from curious pets. |
| Alocasia Black Velvet | Alocasia reginula 'Black Velvet' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (genus, Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides): when chewed, needle-like crystals embed in the mouth and throat, causing intense oral irritation, drooling, mouth and tongue swelling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| branched alocasia | Alocasia brancifolia | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves or stems releases needle-like raphides causing oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| cunjevoi | Alocasia brisbanensis | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs, and cunjevoi is a known toxic plant in Australia. All parts hold insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes severe oral burning, drooling, swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep well away from pets and children. |
| Persian palm | Alocasia 'Calidora' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Needle-like raphides released on chewing cause oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children; contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if any part is ingested. |
| Chantrier's alocasia | Alocasia × chantrieri | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and trouble swallowing, with potential oral swelling. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| green shield alocasia | Alocasia clypeolata | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing releases needle-like raphides causing oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Chinese taro | Alocasia cucullata | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. Despite its auspicious cultural reputation, all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Red Secret | Alocasia cuprea | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (Alocasia spp., family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; A. cuprea is a member of this genus and is not listed as an exception. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that, if chewed or ingested, cause oral irritation and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, intense drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children, and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Mirror Plant | Alocasia cuprea 'Red Secret' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia (elephant's ear) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and 'Red Secret' is an Alocasia cuprea cultivar. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral burning, irritation of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Dragon Scale Alocasia | Alocasia baginda 'Dragon Scale' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the genus Alocasia (Araceae family) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The Dragon Scale cultivar is not named individually, but it belongs to this toxic genus. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates (needle-like raphide crystals); chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, swelling of the mouth and tongue, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Green Velvet Alocasia | Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists the genus Alocasia spp. (Elephant's Ear) as toxic, and Frydek belongs to it. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) that, when chewed, cause intense oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Gage's alocasia | Alocasia gageana | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. Leaves contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| variable-leaf alocasia | Alocasia heterophylla | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Severe oral swelling can affect breathing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Spirit alocasia | Alocasia heterophylla 'Spirit' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, swelling of the lips and tongue, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Hilo Beauty alocasia | Caladium lindenii 'Hilo Beauty' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Whether treated as Alocasia or, per current taxonomy, Caladium, the ASPCA lists both genera as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Imperial Red alocasia | Alocasia 'Imperial Red' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; biting or chewing causes oral and GI irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Black Magic jewel alocasia | Alocasia infernalis | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. Alocasia infernalis contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, profuse drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep away from pets. |
| Ivory Coast alocasia | Alocasia 'Ivory Coast' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Needle-like raphides released on chewing cause oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children; contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if any part is ingested. |
| Alocasia Jacklyn | Alocasia 'Jacklyn' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in all parts of the plant. Chewing can cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Purple Sword | Alocasia lauterbachiana | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (Alocasia spp., family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Like other aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing cause oral irritation and pain, swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep it out of reach of pets and curious children. |
| long-lobed alocasia | Alocasia longiloba | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves or stems releases needle-like raphides causing oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Low Rider alocasia | Alocasia 'Low Rider' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and swelling that can hinder swallowing. |
| Giant Upright elephant ear | Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Giant Upright' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes severe oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and oral swelling that can impair swallowing or breathing. |
| variegated giant taro | Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Variegata' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing, with possible airway-threatening oral swelling. Keep this plant well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Grey Dragon | Alocasia 'Maharani' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (Elephant's Ear, Alocasia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed or ingested. Keep well out of reach of pets. |
| rugose alocasia | Alocasia melo | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. Alocasia melo contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and swelling if chewed. Treat this jewel alocasia as unsafe around pets. |
| Micholitz's alocasia | Alocasia micholitziana | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, swelling of the lips and tongue, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Midrib alocasia | Alocasia 'Midrib' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Ingestion or chewing causes oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Morocco alocasia | Alocasia 'Morocco' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, oral swelling and difficulty swallowing. |
| boat-leaf alocasia | Alocasia navicularis | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, hypersalivation, swelling of the mouth and tongue, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Nebula alocasia | Alocasia nebula | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing releases needle-like raphides causing oral irritation, painful burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant away from pets and children. |
| night-scented lily | Alocasia odora | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, the principle being insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing releases needle-like raphides causing oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. It is toxic to humans too if eaten raw; keep away from pets and children and consult a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| broad-leaf alocasia | Alocasia platyphylla | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves and stems contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense drooling, vomiting, and swallowing difficulty if chewed. Keep this large plant out of pets' reach. |
| metallic taro | Alocasia plumbea | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia (elephant ear) as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing, with possible oral and airway swelling. The sap can also irritate skin, so handle with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| African mask plant | Alocasia × amazonica 'Polly' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia spp. as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout its tissues; when chewed, these needle-like crystals cause intense oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The RHS likewise flags it as toxic if eaten and a skin irritant on contact. Keep it well out of reach of pets and children, and wear gloves when repotting or dividing. |
| Portodora alocasia | Alocasia 'Portodora' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. Like other aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this large, accessible plant away from pets. |
| Portora elephant ear | Alocasia 'Portora' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. Chewing releases needle-like raphides that cause oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children; seek veterinary care or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| crown alocasia | Alocasia princeps | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing causes oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Regal Shield Alocasia | Alocasia 'Regal Shield' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia spp. (Elephant's Ear, family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Like other aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep well away from pets and children, and wash hands after handling. |
| Regal Shields alocasia | Alocasia 'Regal Shields' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing releases needle-like raphides causing intense oral irritation, drooling, burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| queen alocasia | Alocasia reginae | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing causes oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of pets' reach. |
| little queen alocasia | Alocasia reginula | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, hypersalivation, swelling of the mouth and tongue, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| reverse alocasia | Alocasia reversa | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves or stems releases needle-like raphides causing oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Kris plant | Alocasia sanderiana | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing releases needle-like raphides that cause oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children; contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if any part is ingested. |
| Yucatan Princess | Alocasia sarawakensis | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing any part causes oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Sarian Elephant Ear | Alocasia 'Sarian' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia spp. (family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting (not in horses), and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| lance alocasia | Alocasia scalprum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. Alocasia scalprum contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral pain, profuse drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and airway. Treat as unsafe around pets. |
| Serendipity alocasia | Alocasia 'Serendipity' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing, with possible oral swelling. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Silver Dragon | Alocasia baginda 'Silver Dragon' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (Alocasia spp., family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals found in all parts of the plant; ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| quilted dreams alocasia | Alocasia sinuata | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. Alocasia sinuata contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Alocasia Stingray | Alocasia macrorrhiza 'Stingray' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (Elephant's Ear, Alocasia spp.) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing or ingesting any part can cause intense oral irritation, drooling, mouth and tongue swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep it out of reach of pets and children, and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Sulawesi alocasia | Alocasia 'Sulawesi' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, drooling, oral and lip swelling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Sumo alocasia | Alocasia 'Sumo' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing releases the crystals, causing oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of pets' reach. |
| Tandurusa alocasia | Alocasia tandurusa | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. Every part holds insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, swelling of the lips and tongue, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Tiny Dancer Alocasia | Alocasia 'Tiny Dancer' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (Alocasia spp., family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The leaves and stems contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, lips and tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed or ingested. |
| Tiny Dancers alocasia | Alocasia 'Tiny Dancers' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Its small size makes it tempting to curious pets, so keep it out of reach. |
| triangle alocasia | Alocasia triangularis | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing releases needle-like raphides causing oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets and children. |
| Hardy Elephant Ear | Alocasia wentii | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia spp. as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing releases these crystals, causing oral pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it out of pets' reach and call the ASPCA Poison Control or your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Wollongong alocasia | Alocasia 'Wollongong' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Alocasia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic (Alocasia spp./elephant ears); the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates, causing oral irritation, intense burning of mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this hybrid away from pets and children, and handle sap with care as it irritates skin. |
| Zebra plant | Alocasia zebrina | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Alocasia (genus, as "Elephant's Ear") as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) found throughout the leaves and petioles, which cause oral pain on chewing. All parts should be kept away from pets and children; the RHS likewise flags it as harmful if eaten and a skin and eye irritant, advising gloves when handling. |
| Reticulata zebra alocasia | Alocasia zebrina 'Reticulata' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves and stems contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and airway if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Tigrina Superba alocasia | Alocasia zebrina 'Tigrina Superba' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, hypersalivation, swelling of the lips and tongue, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Blue Elf aloe | Aloe 'Blue Elf' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. As an Aloe hybrid, 'Blue Elf' contains saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and loss of appetite if ingested. Site it away from curious pets. |
| Delta Lights aloe | Aloe 'Delta Lights' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic, citing saponins and anthraquinones; signs of ingestion include vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea. 'Delta Lights' is an Aloe hybrid and carries the same stance. Site it away from pets. |
| Doran Black aloe | Aloe 'Doran Black' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. As an Aloe hybrid, 'Doran Black' contains saponins and anthraquinones, chiefly in the leaf latex, that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and loss of appetite if ingested. Keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Firebird aloe | Aloe 'Firebird' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. As an Aloe hybrid, 'Firebird' contains saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and appetite loss if ingested. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Hercules aloe | Aloe 'Hercules' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. As an Aloe hybrid, 'Hercules' contains saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and appetite loss if chewed or ingested. Keep pets away from fallen leaves. |
| Pink Blush aloe | Aloe 'Pink Blush' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic, with saponins and anthraquinones as the toxic principles; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea. As an Aloe hybrid, 'Pink Blush' inherits this stance. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Prickly aloe | Aloe aculeata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. The saponins and anthraquinone glycosides in the leaf can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and discoloured urine. Site it away from pets. |
| Sekhukhune aloe | Aloe burgersfortensis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the genus Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. The active compounds are saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and reduced appetite if ingested. |
| Castillon aloe | Aloe castilloniae | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaf saponins and anthraquinone glycosides can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and reddish urine if eaten. Keep away from pets. |
| Kommetjie aloe | Aloe comosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies all Aloe species as toxic to cats and dogs. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and anorexia when chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Descoings' aloe | Aloe descoingsii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaf latex contains saponins and anthraquinones that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and anorexia if ingested, even from this miniature species. |
| Sunset aloe | Aloe dorotheae | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. Saponins and anthraquinone glycosides in the leaves cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and changes in urine colour. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Porcupine aloe | Aloe erinacea | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaf saponins and anthraquinone glycosides can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and discoloured urine. Keep away from pets. |
| Cape aloe | Aloe ferox | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. The bitter latex is especially rich in anthraquinone glycosides; alongside saponins it causes vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and reddish urine. Keep away from pets. |
| Gariep aloe | Aloe gariepensis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and loss of appetite if chewed by pets. |
| Globe-bud aloe | Aloe globuligemma | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the genus Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaf latex contains saponins and anthraquinones that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and anorexia if ingested. |
| Spotted aloe | Aloe greatheadii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies all Aloe species as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaf latex contains saponins and anthraquinones that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and reduced appetite if chewed. |
| Haworthia-leaved aloe | Aloe haworthioides | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. Despite its small size, the saponins and anthraquinone glycosides can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and reddish urine if eaten. Keep away from pets. |
| Herero aloe | Aloe hereroensis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinones, concentrated in the bitter yellow leaf latex; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and depression. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Hedgehog aloe | Aloe humilis | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The saponins and anthraquinones concentrated in the leaf gel and latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and depression if ingested. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Namaqualand aloe | Aloe krapohliana | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and depression if chewed. Site this plant out of pets' reach. |
| Narrow-leaved aloe | Aloe linearifolia | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaf latex contains saponins and anthraquinones that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and depression if ingested. Keep away from curious pets. |
| Long-bracted aloe | Aloe longibracteata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and depression. Place out of reach of pets. |
| Massawa aloe | Aloe massawana | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaf latex contains saponins and anthraquinones, which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and depression if eaten. Keep this large plant away from pets. |
| Cape speckled aloe | Aloe microstigma | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf gel and latex can trigger vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and depression. Site it away from curious pets. |
| Miniature aloe | Aloe minima | houseplant | Toxic | As an Aloe, it falls under the ASPCA listing of aloe as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf gel and latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. Keep away from pets despite its small size. |
| Soft-spined aloe | Aloe mitis | houseplant | Toxic | Per the ASPCA, Aloe is toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf gel and latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and depression. Despite the soft spines, keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Pegler's aloe | Aloe peglerae | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf gel and latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and depression if eaten. Keep away from pets. |
| Rock aloe | Aloe petricola | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf gel and latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and depression. Keep it away from pets, and note the sharp teeth on both leaf surfaces. |
| French aloe | Aloe pluridens | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf gel and latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and depression. Keep clippings and fallen leaves away from pets. |
| Snow flake aloe | Aloe rauhii | houseplant | Toxic | As an Aloe, it is covered by the ASPCA listing of aloe as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf gel and latex can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and depression. Keep this small succulent out of pets' reach. |
| Reitz's aloe | Aloe reitzii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe (Aloe spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinone glycosides; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and a change in urine colour. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Arabian aloe | Aloe rubroviolacea | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe (Aloe spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The active toxins are saponins and anthraquinone glycosides, which can trigger vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and reddish urine. Keep away from curious pets. |
| One-sided aloe | Aloe secundiflora | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe (Aloe spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. Saponins and anthraquinone glycosides are the toxic principles, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and urine colour change if eaten. Site it out of pets' reach. |
| Tilt-head aloe | Aloe speciosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe (Aloe spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxins are saponins and anthraquinone glycosides; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and altered urine colour. Keep away from pets. |
| Suzanne's aloe | Aloe suzannae | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe (Aloe spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. Saponins and anthraquinone glycosides are the toxic principles, which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and reddish urine. Keep this prized plant out of pets' reach. |
| Dune aloe | Aloe thraskii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe (Aloe spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinone glycosides, which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and a change in urine colour. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Woolly aloe | Aloe tomentosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe (Aloe spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinone glycosides, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and reddish urine if ingested. Keep away from pets. |
| Van Balen's aloe | Aloe vanbalenii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe (Aloe spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinone glycosides, which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and a change in urine colour. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| true aloe | Aloe barbadensis | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe vera as toxic to cats and dogs due to anthraquinones. Ingestion causes vomiting and diarrhoea. The latex layer just under the rind is more irritating than the inner gel. |
| Chinese aloe vera | Aloe vera 'Chinese' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Aloe vera as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, anorexia and tremors. The clear inner gel is far less of a concern than the yellow latex just under the skin. |
| Wickens' aloe | Aloe wickensii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Aloe (the whole genus) as toxic to cats and dogs. Saponins and anthraquinones in the leaf latex can trigger vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and anorexia if chewed. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| Luckhoff's aloinopsis | Aloinopsis luckhoffii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aloinopsis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Within its family, Aizoaceae, the ASPCA lists Lithops as non-toxic but lists the related mesemb Dinteranthus as toxic to cats and dogs, so the family stance is mixed. Treat this unlisted genus with caution, keep it away from pets, and check with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Malherbe's aloinopsis | Aloinopsis malherbei | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aloinopsis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. In its family, Aizoaceae, the ASPCA lists Lithops as non-toxic but lists the related Dinteranthus as toxic to cats and dogs, so family status is inconsistent. Because this genus is unconfirmed, treat it as potentially harmful, keep it out of pets' reach, and confirm with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| rosulate aloinopsis | Aloinopsis rosulata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aloinopsis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Its family, Aizoaceae, is mixed in the ASPCA records: Lithops is listed non-toxic while the related Dinteranthus is listed toxic to cats and dogs. As this genus is unconfirmed, treat it with caution, keep it away from pets, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Schoonees' aloinopsis | Aloinopsis schooneesii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aloinopsis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Within Aizoaceae the ASPCA lists Lithops as non-toxic but lists the related mesemb Dinteranthus as toxic to cats and dogs, so the family stance is inconsistent. Because this species is unconfirmed, treat it with caution, keep it out of reach, and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| bristle aloinopsis | Aloinopsis setifera | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aloinopsis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Its family, Aizoaceae, is mixed: the ASPCA lists Lithops as non-toxic but lists the related Dinteranthus as toxic to cats and dogs. As this genus is unconfirmed, treat it with caution, keep it out of pets' reach, and check with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Alphonso mango | Mangifera indica 'Alphonso' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mango (Mangifera indica) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is generally tolerated in small amounts, but the skin, sap and leaves contain urushiol-related compounds (it is in the same family as poison ivy and cashew) that can irritate, and the pit contains a small amount of cyanide and poses a choking/obstruction risk. Keep pits, peel and prunings away from pets. |
| Alpine Aster | Aster alpinus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aster alpinus belongs to Asteraceae. ASPCA lists some Aster species as causing mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by cats or dogs. Contact dermatitis is also possible. Not considered severely toxic but caution is advised. |
| Alpine azalea | Loiseleuria procumbens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Loiseleuria procumbens (now sometimes reclassified under Kalmia) is in the Ericaceae family. It is listed by the RHS as 'harmful if eaten'. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Ericaceae plants broadly may contain grayanotoxin-related compounds. Treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children to err on the side of caution. |
| Alpine Balsam | Erinus alpinus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erinus alpinus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Historically classed in Scrophulariaceae (now Plantaginaceae), the genus has limited toxicity data. Some historical sources note it contains iridoid glycosides similar to relatives; ingestion by pets may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Caution is advised. |
| Alpine Bartsia | Bartsia alpina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Bartsia alpina is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Its safety for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Alpine bearberry | Arctostaphylos alpina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arctostaphylos alpina is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus is generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. The berries are consumed by wildlife including bears, grouse, and caribou, with no reported toxic effects. No toxic principles have been identified in standard veterinary references. |
| alpine butterwort | Pinguicula alpina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula (butterworts) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its safety is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The greasy leaf secretion may cause minor irritation if mouthed. Keep away from pets that nibble houseplants. |
| Alpine campion | Silene alpestris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Silene alpestris is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The related Silene acaulis (moss campion) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by ASPCA, and no toxic principles are documented for the genus in general horticultural literature. However, in the absence of a species-specific ASPCA listing, this species is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic. Contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Alpine Cinquefoil | Potentilla crantzii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potentilla crantzii is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or other pets. Cinquefoils (Potentilla spp.) are not associated with known toxic principles in companion animals. The genus is generally considered non-toxic. Large amounts of ingested plant material could theoretically cause transient gastrointestinal upset, but no toxic hazard is documented for this species. |
| Alpine Heron's Bill | Erodium reichardii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium reichardii is not specifically listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Erodium cicutarium is considered non-toxic by multiple sources, but confirmation for ornamental alpine species is absent; a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied. No documented toxic alkaloids or glycosides in the genus. |
| Alpine Lady Fern | Athyrium distentifolium | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium distentifolium is a true fern in family Athyriaceae. The ASPCA lists Athyrium as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are reported for Alpine Lady Fern. Safe for households with pets. |
| Alpine liverwort | Erinus alpinus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erinus alpinus is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses. There are no reported cases of significant toxicity; however, as no formal 'non-toxic' listing exists for this species in the ASPCA database, 'mildly-toxic' is applied as a precaution. Monitor pets after ingestion and seek veterinary advice if symptoms develop. |
| Alpine Mouse-ear | Cerastium alpinum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cerastium alpinum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a member of Caryophyllaceae, the family has no documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. Generally considered non-toxic to pets at normal exposure levels. |
| Alpine Pink | Dianthus alpinus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dianthus species are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation including vomiting, diarrhoea, and mild skin irritation on contact. Generally not severely toxic but keep pets away. |
| Alpine Puya | Puya alpestris | tropical | Mildly toxic | Puya alpestris is not specifically listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. No confirmed toxic principles have been documented in the literature. Classified as mildly-toxic in the absence of an explicit ASPCA pet-safe listing, and because the sharp leaf spines represent a significant physical hazard to pets. |
| Alpine Rock Cress | Arabis alpina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arabis alpina belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for dogs or cats at normal garden exposure levels. Generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Alpine Rock Jasmine | Androsace alpina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Androsace alpina does not appear by name on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. Horticultural sources note no known toxic principles, but in the absence of direct ASPCA listing the species is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Alpine Rosularia | Rosularia alpestris | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia alpestris is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Crassulaceae and no toxic principles have been documented. Closely allied to Sempervivum, which is considered non-toxic. As with all plants, prevent pets from ingesting large quantities. |
| alpine sea holly | Eryngium alpinum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not documented as seriously poisonous, and the spiny bracts and stiff foliage provide a natural physical deterrent to chewing pets. |
| Alpine Squill | Scilla bifolia | flowering | Toxic | All Scilla species contain cardiac glycosides (scilliroside and related bufadienolide compounds). Ingestion by cats or dogs can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, irregular heart rhythm, and lethargy. The bulb contains the highest concentration. Contact a veterinarian immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Alpine toadflax | Linaria alpina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Linaria alpina is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. However, related Linaria species are documented to contain iridoid glycosides and some alkaloids that can cause gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure; consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| alpine totara | Podocarpus nivalis | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies the genus Podocarpus (as 'Buddhist Pine', Podocarpaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As a Podocarpus species, foliage and seeds should be treated as toxic — keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Alpine Woodsia | Woodsia alpina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Woodsia alpina is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no toxic principle is documented for this species or genus. As a precautionary default for species without a formal non-toxic ASPCA listing, it is classified as mildly-toxic. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests this plant. |
| variegated shell ginger | Alpinia zerumbet 'Variegata' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia zerumbet 'Variegata' is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given. Treat as uncertain: contact with sap may cause skin or eye irritation and ingestion mild stomach upset. Keep away from cats and dogs and consult a vet if any is eaten. |
| San Miguel alsobia | Alsobia 'San Miguel' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The lace flower (Alsobia/Episcia dianthiflora, family Gesneriaceae) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list under the common name 'Lace-Flower Vine'; this hybrid belongs to the same lace-flower group, so no ill effects are expected from ingestion. |
| lace flower vine | Alsobia dianthiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Lace Flower Vine (Episcia dianthiflora, syn. Alsobia dianthiflora) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and also lists the related genus Episcia as non-toxic. Ingestion is not expected to cause poisoning, though chewing any plant may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| AR Mini | Alternanthera reineckii 'Mini' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alternanthera is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no genus-level ASPCA ruling, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. As a submerged aquarium plant, realistic pet exposure is low. |
| pink telanthera | Alternanthera reineckii 'Rosaefolia' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alternanthera is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no genus-level ASPCA classification, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than asserting pet-safe. Kept submerged in an aquarium, realistic ingestion exposure for cats and dogs is minimal. |
| Altissimo | Rosa 'Altissimo' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). The main hazard is mechanical: thorns can cause mouth or paw injury, so the plant itself is safe but the canes are not soft to chew. |
| Aluminum Plant | Pilea cadierei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Pilea cadierei as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (under both "Aluminum Plant" and "Watermelon Pilea"). It belongs to the nettle family (Urticaceae), not the calcium-oxalate aroids, so it is a genuinely pet-safe choice. |
| Amalia's Dragon Orchid | Dracula amaliae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Member of the Orchidaceae family, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Dracula amaliae is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for this genus or the broader Orchidaceae family. Mild GI upset possible if ingested in quantity. |
| Amanus Oregano | Origanum amanum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Origanum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Amanus Oregano is not individually listed but shares the genus with culinary oregano and presents no known toxic principles. |
| Amaryllis | Hippeastrum hybrids | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Amaryllis (family Amaryllidaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with lycorine and related alkaloids the toxic principles; the bulb is the most concentrated part. Reported signs include vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, lethargy, and tremors. Keep bulbs and plants out of reach and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Apple Blossom Amaryllis | Hippeastrum 'Apple Blossom' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA (listed as Amaryllis / Hippeastrum). The toxic principles are lycorine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and depression, with tremors and cardiac arrhythmias possible in large amounts. |
| White Amaryllis | Hippeastrum 'Christmas Gift' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA (listed as Amaryllis / Hippeastrum). The toxic principles are lycorine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and lethargy, with tremors and cardiac arrhythmias possible in large amounts. |
| Minerva Amaryllis | Hippeastrum 'Minerva' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA (listed as Amaryllis / Hippeastrum). The toxic principles are lycorine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and lethargy, with tremors and cardiac arrhythmias in large amounts. |
| Butterfly Amaryllis | Hippeastrum papilio | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists the genus Hippeastrum (Amaryllis) as toxic. The toxic principles are lycorine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and depression, with tremors and cardiac arrhythmias possible in large amounts. |
| Picotee Amaryllis | Hippeastrum 'Picotee' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA (listed as Amaryllis / Hippeastrum). The toxic principles are lycorine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and depression, with tremors and cardiac arrhythmias possible in large amounts. |
| Red Amaryllis | Hippeastrum 'Red Lion' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA (listed as Amaryllis / Hippeastrum). The toxic principles are lycorine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and lethargy, with tremors and cardiac arrhythmias possible in large amounts. |
| amazon mist sedge | Carex comans 'Amazon Mist' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (sedge) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Grass-like foliage may cause mild stomach upset or vomiting if eaten in quantity. |
| Amazonian traveller's tree | Phenakospermum guyannense | tropical | Mildly toxic | Phenakospermum guyannense is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family Strelitziaceae — to which it belongs — includes Strelitzia reginae, which ASPCA classifies as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (GI irritants; causes mild nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness, primarily from fruit and seeds). Treat this species with equivalent precaution. |
| Ambarella | Spondias dulcis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spondias dulcis is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus belongs to Anacardiaceae; however, Ambarella fruit is extensively consumed by humans and animals throughout the tropics with no documented systemic toxicity to companion animals. The spiny fibrous seed pit is a significant choking and intestinal obstruction risk for dogs and cats and should be kept away from pets. Fruit flesh and skin are considered non-toxic. |
| Robin Hill Serviceberry | Amelanchier × grandiflora 'Robin Hill' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Amelanchier is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe berries are edible to people and wildlife, but leaves, stems and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide, so large quantities of foliage or crushed seed could cause gastrointestinal upset. |
| Shadblow Serviceberry | Amelanchier canadensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe berries are edible and widely eaten, but the leaves, stems, seeds and unripe fruit contain cyanogenic glycosides (as in many Rosaceae) that can release cyanide in quantity, causing GI upset or worse. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| America Rose | Rosa 'America' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). The plant tissue is safe; the only real risk is physical injury from thorns rather than poisoning. |
| American alumroot | Heuchera americana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heuchera americana is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known in this species. |
| American Basswood | Tilia americana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The genus Tilia has no known toxic principles to companion animals. |
| American beachgrass | Ammophila breviligulata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ammophila breviligulata is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known, though stiff, sharp-edged leaf blades can cause minor physical cuts to skin or mouth tissue. |
| American black currant | Ribes americanum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes americanum is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The berries are edible to humans and consumed by wildlife (birds, bears, small mammals) without reported toxicity to dogs or cats. |
| American chestnut | Castanea dentata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Castanea dentata, family Fagaceae). The edible chestnut should not be confused with the toxic horse chestnut (Aesculus), which is unrelated and dangerous to pets. |
| American Climbing Fern | Lygodium palmatum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Lygodium palmatum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus Lygodium has no well-documented toxic principles for cats or dogs in the veterinary literature, but the absence of an ASPCA safety listing means pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Classify as mildly-toxic and prevent ingestion by pets as a precaution. |
| large cranberry | Vaccinium macrocarpon | edible | Mildly toxic | Vaccinium macrocarpon is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; cranberry fruit is a recognised human food with no systemic toxin, but eating plant material may cause mild stomach upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than asserting it is pet-safe. |
| American dunegrass | Leymus mollis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Leymus mollis is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this species; stiff leaf blades have sharp edges and can cause minor physical abrasions. |
| American elderberry | Sambucus canadensis | edible | Mildly toxic | Sambucus canadensis is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses — all parts including raw berries, leaves, stems, bark, and roots contain cyanogenic glycosides and sambunigrin. Raw berries and unripe fruit cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in humans and animals. Cooking fully destroys the toxic compounds, making ripe cooked berries safe for human consumption. Keep the plant away from pets and livestock. |
| American Elm Bonsai | Ulmus americana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ulmus americana is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its safety for pets is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Elm is not a known serious poison, but ingestion of foliage or bark may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage chewing. |
| American Ginseng | Panax quinquefolius | herb | Mildly toxic | Panax quinquefolius is not individually listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. Ginsenosides and other saponins present in the root may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets if root material is consumed. Concentrated supplements should be treated as potentially harmful to animals. Incidental contact or small leaf ingestion by pets is low-risk, but keep root material secured. Note: wild collection is federally regulated in the US (CITES Appendix II); always source from cultivated stock. |
| American hazelnut | Corylus americana | edible | Mildly toxic | American hazelnut (Corylus americana) is not clearly listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database and third-party sources conflict, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The nuts are high in fat and, if mouldy, can carry mycotoxins, so they should not be fed to pets; do not assume the plant is pet-safe without ASPCA confirmation. |
| American Holly | Ilex opaca | flowering | Toxic | American Holly (Ilex opaca) is individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion of the leaves and berries causes vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. The ASPCA notes leaves and berries are low toxicity, but the spiny leaves can also cause mechanical injury. |
| American Hornbeam | Carpinus caroliniana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carpinus caroliniana is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no genus-level ASPCA ruling exists. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around cats or dogs; discourage chewing of leaves and twigs. |
| American Lady Fern | Athyrium acrostichoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium ferns belong to the family Athyriaceae, which has no documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. This genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but closely related fern genera (Nephrolepis, Asplenium) are confirmed non-toxic. No toxic compounds are reported for Athyrium species. |
| American mountain ash | Sorbus americana | edible | Mildly toxic | Raw berries contain parasorbic acid and cyanogenic compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs, cats, and humans if eaten in quantity. Berries are traditionally used after cooking or frost, which neutralises parasorbic acid. ASPCA does not individually list Sorbus americana, but the raw fruit should be treated as mildly toxic until processed. |
| American Parsley Fern | Cryptogramma acrostichoides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cryptogramma acrostichoides is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no peer-reviewed studies document toxicity to cats or dogs. In the absence of confirmed ASPCA non-toxic status, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. No specific toxic compound has been identified. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| American persimmon | Diospyros virginiana | edible | Mildly toxic | Diospyros virginiana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ripe fruit flesh is generally regarded as non-toxic and is eaten by wildlife, but large amounts of unripe astringent fruit plus seeds have been linked in livestock and horses to gastric obstruction (phytobezoars). Do not assume pet-safe. |
| American Royal Fern | Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Osmunda regalis (royal fern) is a true fern with no reported toxic principles. It is not individually listed on the ASPCA database but belongs to the Osmundaceae family, a group with no known toxicity to dogs, cats, or horses. Ferny spore clouds in late summer may irritate very sensitive individuals. |
| American sea rocket | Cakile edentula | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cakile edentula is a Brassicaceae member with no documented toxicity to cats or dogs. No ASPCA listing as toxic has been identified. The edible parts have been consumed by humans; classified as pet-safe based on available evidence, though very large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to glucosinolates. |
| American Sweet Flag | Acorus americanus | herb | Mildly toxic | Acorus species contain phenylpropanoid compounds including beta-asarone, which has been shown to cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and CNS effects in animals at higher doses. The North American species A. americanus contains substantially less beta-asarone than Eurasian A. calamus, but the genus is nonetheless classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution for cats and dogs. Keep pets away from rhizomes, which have the highest concentration of aromatic compounds. |
| American Turk's Cap Lily | Lilium superbum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Lilium species as severely toxic to cats. All parts of Lilium superbum — including pollen and stem — cause acute renal failure in cats that can be fatal within 24–72 hours without emergency treatment. Mildly toxic to dogs (GI upset). This is a confirmed true lily; treat any feline exposure as a veterinary emergency. |
| American Wall Fern | Polypodium virginianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium virginianum is in the family Polypodiaceae. True polypody ferns contain no known toxic compounds for dogs or cats. ASPCA lists polypody ferns as non-toxic to dogs and cats based on genus-level assessment. |
| American White Water Lily | Nymphaea odorata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nymphaea (true water lilies) are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. They are entirely distinct from true lilies (Lilium) and daylilies (Hemerocallis), which are severely toxic to cats. Always verify identification before allowing pets to access pond plants. |
| American wisteria | Wisteria frutescens | flowering | Toxic | Wisteria (all species) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principles are lectin and wisterin glycoside, concentrated primarily in the seed pods and seeds. Clinical signs include vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhoea, depression, and abdominal pain. All parts should be treated as potentially harmful; the seed pods pose the greatest risk. Contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| American Wood Anemone | Anemone quinquefolia | flowering | Toxic | All fresh parts contain protoanemonin, a toxic vesicant glycoside that irritates mucous membranes and causes contact dermatitis. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans if ingested; symptoms include drooling, burning sensation, vomiting, diarrhoea, and skin or eye irritation from sap. The NCSU Extension classifies it as a low-to-moderate severity poison; the toxic compound degrades in dried plant material. Wear gloves when handling. Classed as toxic to pets by veterinary sources; not separately listed by the ASPCA but the Anemone genus is consistently flagged by veterinary plant-poison resources. |
| Amethyst Porroglossum | Porroglossum amethystinum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Porroglossum amethystinum is a member of Orchidaceae. The ASPCA lists multiple orchid genera as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Porroglossum is not individually ASPCA-listed; no toxic principle is documented for the genus. As a precaution, keep the plant out of reach of pets that chew on foliage. |
| Amethyst sea holly | Eryngium amethystinum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is not recorded on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs. No alkaloid or glycoside toxins are reported in the literature, and the genus is not a member of any known toxic plant family. However, the absence of an explicit ASPCA 'non-toxic' listing means pet safety cannot be guaranteed; the spiny bracts also pose a physical injury risk to curious animals. |
| Amish Paste tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Amish Paste' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Solanum lycopersicum). The toxic principle is solanine, found mainly in the leaves, stems and unripe green fruit; signs include hypersalivation, inappetence, severe GI upset, weakness, dilated pupils and slow heart rate. Only the fully ripe fruit is non-toxic. |
| Ethiopian voodoo lily | Amorphophallus abyssinicus | tropical | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as an Araceae aroid (the same family as the ASPCA-listed Amorphophallus relatives) its corm, stems and leaves contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing in cats and dogs. Treat as toxic and keep out of reach of pets. |
| bell-shaped voodoo lily | Amorphophallus campanulatus | edible | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as an Araceae aroid the corm, petiole and leaf contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. In cats and dogs, chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The tuber is a human food only after thorough boiling/cooking to break down the oxalates; raw tissue is acrid and unsafe. Treat as toxic to pets. |
| forest pride amorphophallus | Amorphophallus decus-silvae | tropical | Toxic | Amorphophallus decus-silvae, like all members of the genus and the Araceae family, contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides throughout its tissues. The species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies directly-listed aroids (e.g. jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema) as toxic via insoluble calcium oxalates; treat it as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion causes severe oral pain, drooling, swelling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if chewed. |
| Hewitt's amorphophallus | Amorphophallus hewittii | tropical | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as an Araceae aroid the tuber, petiole and leaf contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the same toxic principle behind the ASPCA-listed aroids. In cats and dogs, chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| maximum voodoo lily | Amorphophallus maximus | tropical | Toxic | Amorphophallus maximus, like all members of the genus and the Araceae family, contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in corm, leaf and stem. The species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies directly-listed aroids (e.g. jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema) as toxic via insoluble calcium oxalates; treat it as toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing causes oral burning, intense drooling, swelling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Mueller's voodoo lily | Amorphophallus muelleri | edible | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as an Araceae aroid the corm and foliage contain abundant insoluble calcium oxalate raphides — confirmed in porang flour research as a high-oxalate hazard requiring processing to remove. In pets, chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and swallowing difficulty. The raw tuber is also unsafe for humans until properly leached and cooked. Treat as toxic. |
| Prain's amorphophallus | Amorphophallus prainii | tropical | Toxic | Amorphophallus prainii, like all members of the genus and the wider Araceae family, contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in corm, leaf and stem. The species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies directly-listed aroids (e.g. jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema) as toxic via insoluble calcium oxalates; treat it as toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, swelling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| variable voodoo lily | Amorphophallus variabilis | tropical | Toxic | Amorphophallus variabilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of the Araceae (voodoo lily) family it contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in its corm, petiole and leaf. Chewing releases needle-like crystals causing oral burning, drooling, vomiting and swelling. Treat as toxic to cats, dogs and people and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Amphibious Bistort | Persicaria amphibia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Persicaria amphibia is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Polygonaceae family contains tannins and low levels of oxalates in some genera, but significant toxicity from Persicaria amphibia to cats and dogs has not been confirmed. As ASPCA non-toxic status cannot be verified, it is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Hainan amydrium | Amydrium hainanense | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Amydrium is a member of the aroid family (Araceae) and contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, the principle the ASPCA cites for the toxic aroids. Though not individually named on the ASPCA list, expect oral pain, drooling and vomiting if chewed; keep away from pets. |
| Amydrium Medium | Amydrium medium | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Amydrium is a genus of the aroid family (Araceae); the ASPCA classifies this family's calcium-oxalate-bearing aroids as toxic. Amydrium is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, so ingestion causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat as toxic and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| Amydrium Silver | Amydrium medium 'Silver' | tropical | Toxic | Amydrium medium 'Silver' is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and no member of the genus Amydrium is listed, so a definitive ASPCA rating is unavailable. As a true aroid (Araceae) it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals like its ASPCA-listed relatives (Monstera, Philodendron, Pothos), which can cause oral irritation, drooling and vomiting if chewed. Treat as not pet-safe, keep away from cats and dogs, and verify with your vet. |
| Amydrium Zippelianum | Amydrium zippelianum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Amydrium is a genus of the aroid family (Araceae); the ASPCA classifies this family's calcium-oxalate-bearing aroids as toxic. Amydrium is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, so ingestion causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat as toxic and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| Broad-leaf anadendrum | Anadendrum latifolium | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Anadendrum is an aroid (Araceae) not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Aroids generally hold insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, drooling, and stomach upset, so assume potential toxicity and keep this plant away from pets and children. |
| Michael's anadendrum | Anadendrum michaelii | houseplant | Toxic | Treat as toxic to cats and dogs. Anadendrum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is a member of the aroid family (Araceae), which the ASPCA classes as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Expect oral pain, drooling and vomiting if chewed; keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Mountain anadendrum | Anadendrum montanum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Anadendrum is an aroid (Araceae) not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Most aroids contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, and digestive upset, so assume potential toxicity and keep away from pets and children. |
| Anaga Monanthes | Monanthes anagensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Monanthes anagensis is a Crassulaceae member and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Due to known toxicity in related jade-type genera of the same family in dogs and cats, treat with caution and keep away from pets. |
| Anaheim pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Anaheim' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum annuum (edible chile and sweet peppers) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, so an affirmative pet-safe status cannot be asserted; the ASPCA's 'Ornamental Pepper' entry refers to the unrelated Solanum pseudocapsicum, not this species. The capsaicin in the pods and the GI irritation peppers can cause in pets mean it should be treated with caution. Keep pods and plants away from cats and dogs and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| red pineapple | Ananas bracteatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe by ASPCA grounding: the genus Ananas is represented on the ASPCA non-toxic list by Pineapple (Ananas comosus), and bromeliads contain no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principle, so Ananas bracteatus is non-toxic to cats and dogs. The real danger is mechanical: the leaves are very strongly and sharply spined, posing a cut and ingestion-blockage risk, so keep pets and children clear of the foliage. |
| tricolor pineapple | Ananas bracteatus 'Tricolor' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads, including pineapple (Ananas), are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The main hazard is mechanical: the spiny, saw-toothed leaf margins can scratch pets, children or handlers, and chewed foliage may cause mild, transient mouth irritation rather than poisoning. |
| variegated ornamental pineapple | Ananas comosus 'Variegatus' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Pineapple (Ananas comosus) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, and bromeliads contain no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principle. The fruit flesh is safe in small amounts, but the sharp, spiny leaves and tough crown can cause physical injury or, if swallowed, gastrointestinal blockage, so keep pets from chewing the foliage. |
| silkgrass pineapple | Ananas lucidus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads, including pineapple-genus plants (Ananas), are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The realistic risks are mechanical scratching from the leaf margins and mild, passing oral irritation if a pet chews the fibrous foliage, not systemic poisoning. |
| elephant trunk plant | Anchomanes difformis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Anchomanes is a member of the Araceae (aroid) family and its tissues are documented to contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the irritant principle the ASPCA flags across aroids. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling and vomiting. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if chewing is suspected. |
| giant anchomanes | Anchomanes giganteus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Anchomanes is a member of the Araceae (aroid) family whose tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the irritant principle the ASPCA cites across aroids. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling and vomiting. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Minnie root | Ruellia tuberosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ruellia tuberosa is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus Ruellia has no established ASPCA classification. Some horticultural sources describe it as non-toxic, but without ASPCA grounding this cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution, keep out of reach of pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Andean Silver-Leaf Sage | Salvia discolor | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Salvia discolor is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the mildly-toxic rating is applied as a precaution since ingestion of sticky, aromatic foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Anderson's Holly Fern | Polystichum andersonii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at genus level. Polystichum is the genus of the ASPCA non-toxic Christmas dagger fern (P. acrostichoides) and western sword fern (P. munitum); these true sword ferns carry no toxic principle, though, as with any plant, nibbling can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Anderson's Holly Fern | Polystichum andersonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Polystichum is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (see Polystichum falcatum, Polystichum acrostichoides, and Polystichum munitum on the ASPCA database). No toxic principles are documented for this species. |
| American Staghorn Fern | Platycerium andinum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists staghorn ferns (Platycerium) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; this species belongs to that genus. Safe if nibbled, with only mild, temporary stomach upset possible from eating any plant in quantity. |
| Andorra Compact Juniper | Juniperus horizontalis 'Plumosa Compacta' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and berries hold mildly irritant volatile oils that may cause vomiting or diarrhoea if chewed. Low overall risk, but not confirmed non-toxic. |
| Honorine Jobert Japanese anemone | Anemone × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anemone belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, whose members the ASPCA recognises as toxic owing to the irritant glycoside protoanemonin (the same principle the ASPCA cites for related Ranunculaceae such as buttercup and clematis). Ingestion can cause drooling, oral and gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea; treat as a toxic plant and keep pets away. |
| Queen Charlotte Japanese anemone | Anemone × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a member of the Ranunculaceae, Anemone is recognised by the ASPCA as toxic through the irritant glycoside protoanemonin, the principle the ASPCA also lists for related family members such as buttercup and clematis. Chewing or ingestion can cause drooling, mouth and stomach irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea; keep it away from pets. |
| Pamina Japanese anemone | Anemone × hybrida 'Pamina' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anemone is a Ranunculaceae genus the ASPCA recognises as toxic through the irritant glycoside protoanemonin, the principle the ASPCA also cites for related family members such as buttercup and clematis. Chewing or swallowing it can cause drooling, mouth and gut irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea; keep it away from pets. |
| September Charm Japanese anemone | Anemone × hybrida 'September Charm' | flowering | Toxic | Anemone is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; plants in the Ranunculaceae family contain protoanemonin (released from ranunculin), an irritant glycoside causing drooling, oral and gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep pets from chewing the foliage and flowers and consult a vet on ingestion. |
| Hollandia anemone | Anemone coronaria 'Hollandia' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anemone as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Like its Ranunculaceae relatives (buttercup, clematis), it contains the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; ingestion can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, oral and skin irritation, and lethargy. Keep corms and cut stems away from pets. |
| Meron Violet anemone | Anemone coronaria 'Meron Violet' | flowering | Toxic | Anemone coronaria is in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) and is toxic to cats and dogs. While the ASPCA does not list Anemone under its own name, the genus shares the family toxic principle ranunculin, which converts to the irritant protoanemonin when tissue is chewed. Signs include mouth pain, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep corms and cut stems away from pets. |
| Mr. Fokker anemone | Anemone coronaria 'Mr. Fokker' | flowering | Toxic | Anemone coronaria belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) and is toxic to cats and dogs. Although the ASPCA does not list Anemone under its own name, the genus carries the family toxic principle ranunculin, which becomes the irritant protoanemonin on chewing. Ingestion can cause oral pain, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep corms and cut blooms out of reach of pets. |
| The Bride anemone | Anemone coronaria 'The Bride' | flowering | Toxic | Anemone coronaria is a buttercup-family (Ranunculaceae) plant and is toxic to cats and dogs. While the ASPCA does not list Anemone under its own name, the genus shares the family toxic principle ranunculin, which converts to the irritant protoanemonin when tissue is chewed. Signs include oral pain, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep corms and cut stems away from pets. |
| Hadspen Abundance Japanese anemone | Anemone hupehensis 'Hadspen Abundance' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anemone is a Ranunculaceae genus the ASPCA recognises as toxic via the irritant glycoside protoanemonin, the same principle the ASPCA lists for related plants such as buttercup and clematis. Ingestion can trigger drooling, oral and gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea; treat as toxic and keep pets away. |
| Angel Face | Rosa 'Angel Face' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosa species are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thorns are the only meaningful hazard, so keep pets from chewing the stems. |
| Angel Frost Masdevallia | Masdevallia Angel Frost | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As a registered hybrid between two Masdevallia species (M. veitchiana × M. strobelii), no toxic principles are expected. |
| Angel Wing Begonia | Begonia coccinea | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae), which includes Begonia coccinea, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; the underground tubers/rhizomes are the most toxic part, and ingestion can cause intense mouth irritation, drooling, and vomiting (kidney failure in grazing animals). Keep away from pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Angel Wing Begonia | Begonia corallina 'Lucerna' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting, and the most toxic part is the underground tubers/roots. As a cane-type Begonia, 'Lucerna' is covered by this listing, so keep it away from pets and contact a vet if any part is eaten. |
| Cane Begonia | Begonia coccinea 'Lucerna' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with vomiting and salivation as typical signs. The most toxic part is underground. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Angel's fishing rod | Dierama pulcherrimum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dierama pulcherrimum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no confirmed toxic principle has been identified in the genus. However, as a member of the Iridaceae family (related to Iris, which is toxic), and in the absence of confirmed ASPCA clearance, a mildly-toxic precaution is appropriate. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Angel's tears daffodil | Narcissus triandrus | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to dogs and cats. All parts, especially the bulb, contain lycorine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Ingestion causes severe vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, excessive salivation, tremors, and in large amounts cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Angel's Tears | Narcissus triandrus | flowering | Toxic | N. triandrus contains lycorine, galanthamine, and other alkaloids typical of all Narcissus species, with highest concentration in the bulbs. ASPCA lists Narcissus (daffodil) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmia. All parts should be kept out of reach of pets. |
| Angel's trumpet | Brugmansia suaveolens | flowering | Toxic | Angel's trumpet is highly toxic to cats, dogs, horses and humans. Brugmansia is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the Pet Poison Helpline and toxicology sources classify it toxic: all parts (flowers, leaves and especially seeds) contain tropane alkaloids (atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine) that cause dilated pupils, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat, agitation, seizures and can be fatal. Keep it well away from pets and seek immediate veterinary care after any ingestion. |
| Angel's Trumpet Hybrid | Brugmansia × candida | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. All parts of Brugmansia × candida contain tropane alkaloids — scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine — toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. ASPCA lists Brugmansia species as toxic. Ingestion causes anticholinergic syndrome: rapid heartbeat, hallucinations, seizures, and potentially death. Always wear gloves when handling and wash hands thoroughly afterwards. |
| angelica | Angelica archangelica | herb | Mildly toxic | Angelica archangelica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant contains furocoumarins (e.g. angelicin) that can cause photosensitivity and contact dermatitis on skin contact, and ingestion of large amounts may cause GI upset. |
| Golden Stonecrop | Sedum rupestre 'Angelina' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sedum (stonecrop) is recognised by the ASPCA as pet-safe; as with any plant, nibbling may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Angelique Double Tulip | Tulipa gesneriana 'Angelique' | flowering | Toxic | Tulipa gesneriana cultivars, including 'Angelique', contain tulipalin A and B in all plant parts, with the highest concentration in the bulb. ASPCA classifies tulips as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Signs of ingestion include oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and gastric distress. Repeated handling of bulbs without gloves causes contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| Archangel White Angelonia | Angelonia angustifolia 'Archangel White' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Angelonia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Several horticultural sources report no known toxicity to people or pets, but without a confirmed ASPCA classification it should be treated with caution and verified with a vet rather than labelled safe. Ingestion may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Serenita Raspberry Angelonia | Angelonia angustifolia 'Serenita Raspberry' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Angelonia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and several horticultural sources report no known toxicity to pets; because it lacks a confirmed ASPCA classification, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Two-ranked Angraecum | Angraecum distichum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True orchids (Orchidaceae) carry no known toxic principle; the ASPCA lists the orchid family as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis is the named reference entry) and notes no orchid species known to poison cats. Angraecum is not individually listed but shares this benign family chemistry. Nibbled foliage may still cause mild GI upset, and any pesticide or fertiliser residue is the real hazard. |
| Ivory Angraecum | Angraecum eburneum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Angraecum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No orchid appears on the ASPCA toxic list and orchids are generally regarded as low-risk, but because this genus is unverified, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Cradle Orchid | Anguloa clowesii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Anguloa is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the ASPCA publishes no general 'orchids are safe' entry. The orchid genera the ASPCA does list (such as Phalaenopsis and Cattleya) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, but Anguloa clowesii is unconfirmed; treat with caution, keep it away from pets, and check with a vet before assuming safety. |
| Anise | Pimpinella anisum | herb | Mildly toxic | Pimpinella anisum (true anise) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so a definitive pet-safe rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note the name trap: star anise (Illicium) is a different, potentially neurotoxic plant and must not be confused with this herb. |
| blue giant hyssop | Agastache foeniculum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache foeniculum is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe in moderation for cats and dogs. |
| Anise-scented Sage | Salvia guaranitica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principle identified. |
| Anjou pear | Pyrus communis 'Beurré d'Anjou' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus communis fruit and leaves are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Pear seeds contain trace amygdalin but are not a practical hazard at normal consumption. The fruit flesh is safe for dogs and cats in small quantities. Seeds and core should not be fed intentionally to pets. |
| Ann Folkard Cranesbill | Geranium 'Ann Folkard' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium species (containing geraniol and linalool), not to true Geranium cranesbills. True Geranium is not individually listed as toxic or confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA; treat with caution around pets. |
| Anne Thomson Cranesbill | Geranium 'Anne Thomson' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium species (containing geraniol and linalool), not to true Geranium cranesbills. True Geranium is not individually listed as toxic or confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA; treat with caution around pets. |
| Annual baby's breath | Gypsophila elegans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gypsophila elegans contains saponins in all plant parts. The ASPCA lists Gypsophila species (baby's breath) as toxic to dogs and cats, with reported symptoms including vomiting, diarrhoea, and anorexia following ingestion. The plant is commonly used in florist bouquets, so exposure risk is higher than with many ornamentals. Keep arrangements containing dried or fresh Gypsophila away from pets. |
| Annual Clary | Salvia viridis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia viridis (annual clary) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. As a member of the Salvia genus it contains volatile essential oils including camphor and linalool that may cause mild gastrointestinal signs (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) if significant quantities of plant material are ingested by cats or dogs; classified as mildly-toxic by precaution. |
| Annual Phlox | Phlox drummondii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phlox drummondii is in the family Polemoniaceae. ASPCA lists Phlox subulata as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and no toxic principles have been identified across the Phlox genus. Considered pet-safe. |
| Annual phlox | Phlox drummondii 'Sugar Stars' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Phlox as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| annual rainbow plant | Byblis liniflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Byblis (Byblidaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family has no documented toxic principle for cats or dogs. The mucilage is a mechanical prey-capture mechanism only and presents no known chemical hazard to pets. |
| Annual Seablite | Suaeda maritima | edible | Mildly toxic | Suaeda maritima is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. It is consumed by humans as a wild vegetable, but its exceptionally high sodium content poses a risk of salt toxicity in cats and dogs if eaten in quantity. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests a significant amount. |
| Roxburgh's Jewel Orchid | Anoectochilus roxburghii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic 'Jewel Orchid' listing for cats and dogs; orchids contain no insoluble calcium oxalates or other recognised toxic principle. Ingestion of large amounts may still cause mild, self-limiting GI upset, as with any plant. |
| Anouk French lavender | Lavandula stoechas 'Anouk' | herb | Mildly toxic | Lavandula stoechas is a lavender species, and ASPCA lists lavender as toxic to dogs and cats due to linalool and linalyl acetate content. L. stoechas has a higher concentration of camphor than L. angustifolia, raising concern particularly for cats. Ingestion of foliage or flowers may cause vomiting, nausea, and lethargy. Avoid letting pets chew on plants. |
| ant plant | Dischidia pectinoides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dischidia pectinoides is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety. As a member of Apocynaceae (a family that includes toxic genera), assume mild risk and keep it away from nibbling pets. |
| flamingo flower | Anthurium andraeanum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling and difficulty swallowing. |
| Ace of Spades Anthurium | Anthurium 'Ace of Spades' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing or ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips, and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| dark anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Black Love' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (Anthurium). Like other aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral pain, drooling, mouth and tongue swelling, and vomiting. Keep out of reach and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if a pet bites it. |
| Black Anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Black Queen' | flowering | Toxic | Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Like other aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain and irritation, drooling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Purple Anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Livium' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral and tongue irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep it away from pets and small children. |
| Anthurium Pterodactyl | Anthurium 'Pterodactyl' (clarinervium x pedatoradiatum) | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium (as Tail Flower / Flamingo Flower, family Araceae) as toxic to both, due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; this clarinervium x pedatoradiatum hybrid is an Anthurium aroid and carries the same risk. Chewing causes oral pain, burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and curious children. |
| tulip anthurium | Anthurium amnicola | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; like all aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, swelling of mouth and tongue, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Acropolis anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Acropolis' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing or biting any part causes oral pain, profuse drooling, swelling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Site it away from curious pets. |
| Alabama anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Alabama' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, mouth and tongue irritation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Baby Pink anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Baby Pink' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; the leaves and pink spathes contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, swelling of the mouth and throat, and vomiting. Keep this flowering plant out of reach of pets and children. |
| Baron anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Baron' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, severe drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep well away from pets. |
| white anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Bianco' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| black anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Black Beauty' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats and dogs. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral pain, drooling, swelling of the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Cheers anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Cheers' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, intense drooling, mouth swelling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep it away from pets and small children. |
| Colonel anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Colonel' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats and dogs. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral pain, heavy drooling, mouth and tongue swelling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Fantasia anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Fantasia' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. As an aroid it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Fantasy Love anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Fantasy Love' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, profuse drooling, swelling of the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep it away from pets and children. |
| Florida anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Florida' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats and dogs. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral pain, heavy drooling, mouth swelling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Kozohara anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Kozohara' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing releases needle-like crystals causing oral pain and burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling cut stems. |
| Kozue anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Kozue' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. As an aroid it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Lila anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Lila' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium (Flamingo Flower) as toxic, the toxic principle being insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing releases crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Midori anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Midori' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) that, when chewed, embed in the mouth and cause intense oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and trouble swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children and wash hands after handling. |
| Orange Hot anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Orange Hot' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; the leaves and orange spathes contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral pain, drooling, swelling of the mouth and throat, and vomiting. Keep this flowering plant away from pets and children. |
| Pacora anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Pacora' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals typical of aroids; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Pierrot anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Pierrot' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals common to aroids; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| President anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'President' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic agent is insoluble calcium oxalate raphides; chewing releases them into the mouth, causing burning oral pain, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children and wash hands after cutting stems. |
| Purple Victory anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Purple Victory' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium (Flamingo Flower/Lily) as toxic, the principle being insoluble calcium oxalates (needle-like raphides). Chewing releases the crystals, causing oral pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, intense drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets; contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| pink anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Roseum' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals typical of aroids; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and swallowing difficulty. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Roxane anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Roxane' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) that release on chewing, causing oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children and wash hands after handling cut stems or sap. |
| Roxanne anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Roxanne' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; the leaves and colourful spathes contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral pain, drooling, swelling of the mouth and throat, and vomiting. Keep this flowering plant away from pets and children. |
| red anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Rubrum' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals common to aroids; chewing leads to oral pain, profuse drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Shooting Star anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Shooting Star' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. As an aroid it carries insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Sierra Madre anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Sierra Madre' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium, it falls under the ASPCA's toxic-plant listing for the genus due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral pain, drooling, swelling of the lips and tongue and difficulty swallowing. Keep the eye-catching blooms away from pets. |
| Tropic Sunset anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Tropic Sunset' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, which embed in the mouth when chewed and cause burning oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children and wash hands after handling. |
| Tropical anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Tropical' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to both species because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves or the bright red spathes causes oral burning, drooling, swelling and difficulty swallowing. The vivid blooms can lure pets, so keep it well out of reach. |
| Flamingo Lily | Anthurium andreanum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Anthurium and other aroids, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing releases them and causes oral pain, intense drooling, mouth and tongue swelling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Keep well out of reach of pets. |
| Sonate anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Sonate' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; biting the leaves or colourful spathes causes oral irritation, drooling, swelling of the mouth and difficulty swallowing. The bright blooms can attract curious pets, so site it out of reach. |
| Angamarcan Anthurium | Anthurium angamarcanum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is on the ASPCA toxic-plant list (genus Anthurium, family Araceae), containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral pain and burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| arisaema-like anthurium | Anthurium arisaemoides | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals found throughout aroids. Chewing causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, oral swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Baker's anthurium | Anthurium bakeri | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Note the colourful berries are also hazardous; chewing any part causes oral burning, irritation, drooling, oral swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Berriozabal anthurium | Anthurium berriozabalense | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Anthurium species, it is covered by the ASPCA's toxic listing for the genus because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing leads to oral burning, drooling, swelling and trouble swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Dark Velvet Anthurium | Anthurium besseae aff. | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. Although A. besseae aff. is not individually named, it is an Anthurium aroid, so treat it as toxic. Chewing can cause oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; keep it out of reach and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Brown's anthurium | Anthurium brownii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals common to aroids. Biting any part causes oral and throat irritation, a burning sensation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and trouble swallowing. |
| Chamberlain's Anthurium | Anthurium chamberlainii | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; biting or chewing the leaves causes oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep it away from pets and children. |
| Velvet cardboard anthurium | Anthurium clarinervium | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium (Flamingo Flower, Anthurium scherzeranum, family Araceae) as toxic to both species, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. A. clarinervium is the same genus and aroid family and shares this chemistry. Chewing releases needle-like oxalate crystals that cause intense oral burning, drooling, mouth and tongue irritation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Hybrid Velvet Anthurium | Anthurium clarinervium × Anthurium crystallinum | tropical | Toxic | As an Anthurium hybrid it falls under the genus the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, irritation of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and young children. |
| clidemia-like anthurium | Anthurium clidemioides | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic because of the insoluble calcium oxalate crystals shared by aroids. Ingestion causes oral and throat burning, irritation, drooling, oral swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| consobrinum anthurium | Anthurium consobrinum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium, it is covered by the ASPCA's toxic-plant classification for the genus due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, swelling and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| Leathery Anthurium | Anthurium coriaceum | tropical | Toxic | Anthurium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral and tongue irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this large plant where pets cannot chew the leaves. |
| corrugated anthurium | Anthurium corrugatum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic, attributing the harm to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes painful oral irritation, swelling of mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and trouble swallowing. Treat sap as an irritant and keep out of pets' reach. |
| hybrid crystal anthurium | Anthurium crystallinum x magnificum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium hybrid it is covered by the ASPCA's toxic Anthurium classification; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Cutucuense anthurium | Anthurium cutucuense | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the genus Anthurium as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral pain, swelling of the mouth and tongue, heavy drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Handle with care and keep away from curious pets. |
| Dark Mama Anthurium | Anthurium 'Dark Mama' | tropical | Toxic | As an Anthurium hybrid it belongs to the genus the ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral burning, irritation of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| slender anthurium | Anthurium debile | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing any part causes oral irritation, mouth and tongue swelling, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| two-pistil anthurium | Anthurium digynum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic; as an aroid it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral burning, heavy drooling, swelling of the mouth and tongue, and vomiting. Keep the climbing stems away from curious pets. |
| long-spike anthurium | Anthurium dolichostachyum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium it carries the ASPCA's toxic Anthurium classification; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Dorayaki Anthurium | Anthurium 'Dorayaki' | tropical | Toxic | As an Anthurium hybrid it falls under the genus the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, irritation of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| eminent anthurium | Anthurium eminens | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, swelling of the mouth and tongue, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and wash hands after pruning. |
| giant anthurium | Anthurium faustomirandae | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes immediate oral burning, intense irritation of the mouth and throat, drooling, oral swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| graceful anthurium | Anthurium gracile | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; the showy red berries and foliage cause oral irritation, mouth and tongue swelling, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. The colourful fruit is especially tempting, so keep it away from pets and children. |
| Jenman's anthurium | Anthurium jenmanii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, swelling of the mouth and tongue, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets and wash hands after handling cut tissue. |
| Kunth's Anthurium | Anthurium kunthii | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all anthuriums it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, intense mouth and tongue irritation, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Keep away from pets and children. |
| lance-leaf anthurium | Anthurium lancifolium | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic; like all aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, mouth and tongue swelling, and vomiting. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| white-veined anthurium | Anthurium leuconeurum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium it carries the ASPCA's toxic Anthurium classification; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing penetrate tissues and cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Velvet Cardboard Anthurium | Anthurium magnificum | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium (e.g. Flamingo Flower / Tail Flower, Anthurium scherzeranum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalates. A. magnificum is not listed individually by name, but as a member of the same genus it should be treated as toxic; ingestion can cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling sap. |
| Velvet Crystal Hybrid Anthurium | Anthurium magnificum × Anthurium crystallinum | tropical | Toxic | As an Anthurium hybrid it falls under the genus the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, irritation of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| marbled anthurium | Anthurium marmoratum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic; like all aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral and pharyngeal irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| metallic anthurium | Anthurium metallicum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium it is covered by the ASPCA's toxic Anthurium listing; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| small-spadix anthurium | Anthurium microspadix | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral pain, drooling, swelling, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. The attractive berries are also unsafe to ingest. |
| Dark-Blade Anthurium | Anthurium nigrolaminum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is on the ASPCA toxic-plant list (genus Anthurium, family Araceae) due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| waterlily-leaf anthurium | Anthurium nymphaeifolium | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic, containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral pain, drooling, swelling, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. The large leaves are equally unsafe; keep away from pets and children. |
| yellow-flowered anthurium | Anthurium ochranthum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to both species due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral pain, profuse drooling, swelling of the lips, tongue and throat, and difficulty swallowing. Wear gloves when handling the sap. |
| oval-leaf anthurium | Anthurium ovatifolium | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic, containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral pain, drooling, swelling, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Pedate Anthurium | Anthurium pedatum | tropical | Toxic | Anthurium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets and curious children. |
| five-leaf anthurium | Anthurium pentaphyllum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium, it falls under the ASPCA's toxic-plant listing for the genus owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Sap can also irritate skin. |
| wave of love anthurium | Anthurium plowmanii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle; ingestion causes oral and tongue irritation, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling sap. |
| foot-leaf anthurium | Anthurium podophyllum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic and contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral burning, drooling, swelling of the mouth and tongue, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| finger-leaf anthurium | Anthurium polyschistum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic and contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, swelling of the mouth and tongue, and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Queramel anthurium | Anthurium queremalense | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium it carries the ASPCA's toxic Anthurium classification; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing penetrate tissues and cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| creeping anthurium | Anthurium radicans | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, swelling of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this creeping plant where pets cannot reach it. |
| hybrid velvet anthurium | Anthurium radicans x dressleri | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium hybrid it carries the genus's insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which the ASPCA lists as the toxic principle for Anthurium; chewing causes oral irritation, mouth and tongue swelling, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Raven Anthurium | Anthurium ravenii | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes immediate oral and tongue irritation, burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from curious pets and children. |
| hollow anthurium | Anthurium recavum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium it is covered by the ASPCA's toxic Anthurium classification; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Reflexed-Nerve Anthurium | Anthurium reflexinervium | tropical | Toxic | Anthurium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, intense burning and irritation of the mouth and tongue, drooling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Keep out of reach of pets and curious children. |
| Round-Stigma Anthurium | Anthurium rotundistigma | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs at the genus level; all Anthurium contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. If chewed, the crystals cause oral and tongue pain, profuse drooling, swelling, trouble swallowing and vomiting. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Salgar Anthurium | Anthurium salgarense | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that, when chewed, cause oral and tongue irritation, intense burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Salvin's anthurium | Anthurium salvinii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic; all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing releases needle-like crystals that cause intense oral pain and burning, drooling, oral swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| pearl laceleaf | Anthurium scandens | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, drooling, swelling, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. The decorative berries are likewise unsafe to ingest. |
| Rothschild's pigtail anthurium | Anthurium scherzerianum 'Rothschildianum' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; the leaves and spotted spathes contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, swelling of the mouth, tongue and throat, and vomiting. Keep this plant away from pets and children. |
| subsignatum anthurium | Anthurium subsignatum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals shared across aroids. Ingestion causes immediate oral burning and irritation, hypersalivation, oral swelling, vomiting, and reluctance to eat; keep out of reach of pets and curious children. |
| Timbuiqui Anthurium | Anthurium timbuiquense | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic (genus Anthurium, family Araceae) owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and small children. |
| Queen Flamingo Hybrid | Anthurium warocqueanum × Anthurium andreanum | tropical | Toxic | As an Anthurium hybrid it belongs to the genus the ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral burning, irritation of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| black anthurium | Anthurium watermaliense | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral burning, drooling, swelling of the mouth and tongue, and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Ace of Spades anthurium | Anthurium x 'Ace of Spades' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Anthurium, it falls under the ASPCA's toxic Anthurium listing; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing cause oral and GI irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Dark Mama anthurium | Anthurium x 'Dark Mama' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; its leaves and dark spathes contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral burning, heavy drooling, swelling of the mouth and tongue, and vomiting. Keep this plant out of reach of pets and children. |
| strap anthurium | Anthurium vittarifolium | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic; the strap leaves contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, profuse drooling, mouth and throat swelling, and vomiting if chewed. Hang well out of pets' reach. |
| coral vine | Antigonon leptopus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. Third-party sources call it non-toxic, but without ASPCA grounding this cannot be guaranteed; ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| dual antimima | Antimima dualis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Antimima is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, and the genus is absent from the ASPCA non-toxic list, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Mesemb foliage is generally high in soluble oxalates; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Chantilly Bronze Snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Chantilly Bronze' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Antirrhinum majus appears as 'Common Snapdragon' and 'Garden Snapdragon'). Eating large quantities can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and any pesticide or fertiliser on the plant is a separate hazard to pets. |
| Rocket Red Snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Rocket Red' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Antirrhinum majus appears as both 'Common Snapdragon' and 'Garden Snapdragon'). Eating large amounts can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and pesticide or fertiliser residues on the plant pose a separate hazard. |
| Sonnet Pink Snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Sonnet Pink' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Antirrhinum majus is listed as 'Common Snapdragon' and 'Garden Snapdragon'). As with any plant, ingesting large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and chemical residues on treated plants are a separate concern. |
| Twinny Peach Snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Twinny Peach' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Antirrhinum majus is listed as 'Common Snapdragon' and 'Garden Snapdragon'). Large amounts may still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset, and any chemical treatment on the plant is a separate risk to pets. |
| Afzel's Anubias | Anubias afzelii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Anubias afzelii belongs to the arum family (Araceae), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; do not assume pet-safe. |
| Anubias barteri | Anubias barteri var. barteri | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Anubias is a member of the arum family (Araceae), which the ASPCA consistently lists as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (e.g. pothos, Monstera, Nephthytis). Treat with caution and verify with a vet; assume potential oral irritation if a pet chews the leaves. |
| dwarf Anubias | Anubias barteri var. nana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. As an Anubias it belongs to the arum family (Araceae), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Anubias nana Petite | Anubias barteri var. nana 'Petite' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like all Anubias it is in the arum family (Araceae), a family the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Congo Anubias | Anubias congensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. As an Anubias in the arum family (Araceae), it falls within a family the ASPCA classes as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than labelling it pet-safe. |
| giant Anubias | Anubias gigantea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. As an Anubias in the arum family (Araceae), it sits within a family the ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| spear-leaf Anubias | Anubias hastifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Anubias hastifolia is in the arum family (Araceae), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; do not assume pet-safe. |
| Apache beggarticks | Bidens ferulifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Bidens ferulifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA. Bidens species (beggarticks) are not documented as severely toxic to dogs or cats, but the barbed achene seeds can physically adhere to fur and cause mechanical irritation or gastrointestinal issues if swallowed in quantity. Treat as mildly toxic out of caution. |
| Scarlet aphelandra | Aphelandra tetragona | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the closely related Aphelandra squarrosa (Saffron Spike Zebra) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; A. tetragona shares this genus. While A. tetragona is not individually named on the ASPCA database, the genus is represented as non-toxic. As with any plant, ingestion may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Crinkled Aponogeton | Aponogeton crispus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aponogeton crispus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is sold as an aquarium plant grazed by fish, but it has no formal ASPCA non-toxic rating for cats and dogs and should not be assumed pet-safe if a pet eats leaves removed from a tank. |
| Cape Pondweed | Aponogeton distachyos | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aponogeton distachyos is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Although the flower spikes are eaten cooked in South African cuisine, raw plant material should not be assumed pet-safe; keep cats and dogs from grazing on it. |
| Appalachian Barren Strawberry | Waldsteinia fragarioides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Waldsteinia fragarioides is in the Rosaceae family and has no reported toxic principles for dogs, cats, or humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA. The dry, inedible achene fruits pose no known toxicity risk. Considered safe for pets in the garden, though individual ASPCA listing is absent for this species. |
| Appalachian blazing star | Liatris squarrulosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Liatris as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified; ingestion of plant material may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Apple | Malus domestica | edible | Mildly toxic | Apple fruit flesh is non-toxic and is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats in small amounts. However, apple seeds, leaves, and stems contain amygdalin (a cyanogenic glycoside) that releases hydrogen cyanide when chewed and metabolised. ASPCA lists Malus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses based on these plant parts. Remove seeds and core before offering apple pieces to pets. |
| Bramley apple | Malus domestica 'Bramley's Seedling' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves, and seeds (most dangerous when wilting); the ripe fruit flesh itself is not poisonous. Significant ingestion of toxic parts can cause brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, panting, and shock. |
| Cox's Orange Pippin | Malus domestica 'Cox's Orange Pippin' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves, and seeds (most dangerous when wilting); the ripe fruit flesh is not poisonous. Substantial ingestion of toxic parts can cause brick-red gums, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting, and shock. |
| Gala apple | Malus domestica 'Gala' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves, and seeds (most hazardous when wilting); the ripe fruit flesh is safe. Significant ingestion of toxic parts can cause brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, panting, and shock. |
| Honeycrisp apple | Malus domestica 'Honeycrisp' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides concentrated in the stems, leaves, and seeds (most dangerous when wilting); the ripe fruit flesh is not poisonous. Signs of significant ingestion of the toxic parts include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting, and shock. |
| Apple Blossom flowering quince | Chaenomeles speciosa 'Moerloosei' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As with all Chaenomeles, the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin). Cooked fruit flesh is edible and used for jam. ASPCA does not individually list this cultivar; ingestion of seeds by pets may cause nausea and vomiting. Treat as mildly toxic as a precautionary measure. |
| Woolly Mint | Mentha suaveolens | herb | Toxic | Mentha suaveolens falls under the ASPCA's Mint (Mentha sp., Lamiaceae) listing — toxic to dogs, cats and horses via essential oils, causing vomiting and diarrhea with large ingestions. Its milder scent still warrants keeping pets from chewing it. |
| Apricot Bouquet gloxinia | Sinningia 'Apricot Bouquet' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia belongs to the family Gesneriaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been documented for any member of this family. |
| Apricot Gongora | Gongora armeniaca | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gongora is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family has no established toxic compounds in veterinary literature, and no toxicity reports exist for this genus in cats or dogs. As a precaution, prevent pets from chewing the flowers or pseudobulbs. |
| Apricot Sprite Hyssop | Agastache aurantiaca 'Apricot Sprite' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a cultivar of Agastache aurantiaca (Lamiaceae), 'Apricot Sprite' carries no recognized toxic principles. The ASPCA does not list Agastache as toxic. No veterinary reports of toxicity. Standard caution applies for large ingestions of any plant material. |
| Aptos Blue Redwood | Sequoia sempervirens 'Aptos Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sequoia sempervirens cultivars, including 'Aptos Blue', are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The species and its cultivars have no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats. |
| Black Barlow columbine | Aquilegia vulgaris 'Black Barlow' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aquilegia (columbine) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Columbine tissues contain cyanogenic glycosides, most concentrated in seeds and roots, and ingestion can cause vomiting and diarrhoea. As a safe label cannot be confirmed against ASPCA, keep pets from grazing the plant. |
| Nora Barlow columbine | Aquilegia vulgaris 'Nora Barlow' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aquilegia (columbine) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant contains cyanogenic glycosides, concentrated in seeds and roots, and ingestion may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. Because a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed against ASPCA, keep pets from eating it. |
| Arabian Desert Rose | Adenium arabicum | tropical | Toxic | Adenium arabicum is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidelines for the genus Adenium (Desert Rose). Toxic principles are cardiac glycosides, which inhibit heart function. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, irregular heartbeat, and potentially death. All parts of the plant — sap, roots, stems, leaves, and seeds — are hazardous. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Arabian Jasmine | Jasminum sambac | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as Jasmine, Jasminum species, Oleaceae). True Jasminum sambac is safe; do not confuse it with toxic look-alikes sold as 'jasmine' such as Gelsemium. Even non-toxic plants can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if a pet eats a lot. |
| Arabian Spiral Flag | Costus arabicus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus arabicus does not appear on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic compound has been documented, but pet safety is unconfirmed; GI irritation is plausible upon ingestion. Consult a vet immediately if a pet eats any part of this plant. |
| Araca-boi Sapote | Pouteria stipitata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria stipitata is not individually listed by ASPCA. Sapotaceae fruit trees are not widely documented as systemically toxic to companion animals. However, seeds and unripe fruit in the Pouteria genus may contain bitter tannins and saponins that can cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. Ripe pulp is consumed by people in its native range without reported toxicity, but seeds should be kept away from pets. Seek veterinary advice if seed ingestion is suspected. |
| Araza | Eugenia stipitata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eugenia stipitata fruit is consumed extensively across the Amazon region and is non-toxic to humans. The species is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in the botanical literature for this species. As a precaution, keep fruits and foliage away from pets and consult a vet if ingestion occurs, as the Myrtaceae family may contain mild essential oil irritants. |
| arborvitae | Thuja occidentalis | houseplant | Toxic | Arborvitae (Thuja) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its safety cannot be confirmed there — and claims that the ASPCA lists it as non-toxic are a misattribution. All parts contain thujone (plus tropolones); thujone is a recognised neurotoxin (the regulated convulsant also found in wormwood and absinthe), most concentrated in the cones, wood and twig tips. Small nibbles typically cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling), but larger ingestions can cause neurological effects including seizures, plus liver and kidney injury; horses, goats and sheep are especially susceptible and serious livestock poisoning is documented. Because authoritative toxicology flags a real systemic hazard, treat arborvitae as toxic: keep clippings away from pets and grazing animals, and contact your vet or a poison control line straight away if any is eaten — do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Long-Petaled Spider Orchid | Brassia arcuigera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Brassia is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. While the Orchidaceae family is broadly considered non-toxic and the ASPCA lists Phalaenopsis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, this genus has no specific ASPCA entry, so keep it out of pets' reach and contact a vet if a pet eats any part. |
| Arctic Bell-heather | Cassiope tetragona | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cassiope tetragona is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic plant database. As a member of Ericaceae, a family that includes grayanotoxin-containing genera such as Kalmia and Rhododendron, it is classified as mildly toxic on a precautionary basis. Do not allow pets to consume the foliage; seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| coral berry | Ardisia crenata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ardisia crenata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The bright berries and foliage are widely reported as suspected toxic to pets, livestock (UF/IFAS links it to cattle deaths), and people, with ingestion potentially causing gastrointestinal upset. Keep berries away from curious pets and children. |
| shoebutton ardisia | Ardisia elliptica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ardisia elliptica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The berries and leaves are reported to cause gastrointestinal distress, vomiting, and diarrhoea if ingested by pets or people. Site the plant out of reach of animals and children and clear any dropped fruit. |
| butterfly palm | Dypsis lutescens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Dypsis lutescens as non-toxic to cats and dogs. One of the largest pet-safe houseplants. |
| Arendsii astilbe | Astilbe x arendsii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astilbe species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Arendsii astilbe hybrids are considered safe around pets. |
| Argentine Giant | Echinopsis candicans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Easter Lily Cactus (Echinopsis multiplex) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses with no toxic principles, which covers this Echinopsis genus. The real hazard is mechanical: its long, stout spines can injure pets, so keep the clump out of their reach. |
| silver skin plant | Argyroderma delaetii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Argyroderma is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It belongs to the same mesemb family (Aizoaceae) as the ASPCA non-toxic Lithops and Dinteranthus, but lack of a listing is not proof of safety, so keep it out of reach of pets that chew plants. |
| split silver plant | Argyroderma fissum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Argyroderma is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is a mesemb (Aizoaceae) related to the ASPCA non-toxic Lithops and Dinteranthus, but absence from the list does not guarantee safety, so keep it away from pets that nibble foliage. |
| Pearson's silver skin | Argyroderma pearsonii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Argyroderma is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It belongs to the mesemb family (Aizoaceae) alongside the ASPCA non-toxic Lithops and Dinteranthus, but lack of a listing is not proof of safety, so keep it out of reach of pets that chew plants. |
| stone eggs plant | Argyroderma testiculare | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Argyroderma is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Its family, Aizoaceae, is mixed: the ASPCA lists Lithops ("Living Stones") as non-toxic but lists the related mesemb Dinteranthus as toxic to cats and dogs. Because this genus is unconfirmed, treat it with caution, keep it out of reach, and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Arid Mountain Tylecodon | Tylecodon aridimontanus | houseplant | Toxic | Contains bufadienolide glycosides common to the Tylecodon genus, which are cardiotoxic and cumulatively neurotoxic to mammals. Ingestion can cause krimpsiekte in livestock and is hazardous to dogs, cats, and children. Handle with gloves and keep out of reach of pets. |
| Living Rock Cactus | Ariocarpus fissuratus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ariocarpus fissuratus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is spineless, so the mechanical risk is lower than spiny cacti, but ingestion safety is unconfirmed. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if any plant material is eaten. |
| whiplash cobra lily | Arisaema consanguineum | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Arisaema (cobra lily / jack-in-the-pulpit) is an Araceae genus; the ASPCA lists jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) as toxic, and all parts of A. consanguineum carry insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning pain, drooling, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep out of reach of pets and wash hands after handling. |
| elephant cobra lily | Arisaema elephas | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Arisaema (cobra lily / jack-in-the-pulpit) is an Araceae genus; the ASPCA lists jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) as toxic, and all parts of A. elephas contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep out of reach of pets and wash hands after handling. |
| yellow cobra lily | Arisaema flavum | flowering | Toxic | Arisaema flavum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but like all Araceae (jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema spp.) it contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in tuber, stem and leaves. Chewing releases needle-like crystals causing intense oral burning, drooling, vomiting and swelling; treat as toxic to cats, dogs and people and keep out of reach. |
| Griffith's cobra lily | Arisaema griffithii | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Arisaema is the cobra lily / jack-in-the-pulpit genus in the Araceae family; the ASPCA lists jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) as toxic, and all parts of A. griffithii contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Chewing releases needle-like crystals causing intense oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and oral/throat swelling. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| Jacquemont's cobra lily | Arisaema jacquemontii | flowering | Toxic | Arisaema species are toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the closely related Arisaema triphyllum (jack-in-the-pulpit) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; the genus, including A. jacquemontii, shares this chemistry. Ingestion causes oral pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if chewed. |
| pitcher-plant arisaema | Arisaema nepenthoides | flowering | Toxic | Arisaema species are toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the closely related Arisaema triphyllum (jack-in-the-pulpit) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; the genus, including A. nepenthoides, shares this chemistry. Ingestion causes oral pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if chewed. |
| ringens cobra lily | Arisaema ringens | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Arisaema (cobra lily / jack-in-the-pulpit) is an Araceae genus; the ASPCA lists jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) as toxic, and all parts of A. ringens contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Ingestion releases needle-like crystals causing oral burning, drooling, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep out of reach of pets and wash hands after handling. |
| serrated-spathe cobra lily | Arisaema serratum | flowering | Toxic | Arisaema species are toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the closely related Arisaema triphyllum (jack-in-the-pulpit) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; the genus, including A. serratum, shares this chemistry. Ingestion causes oral pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if chewed. |
| spectacular cobra lily | Arisaema speciosum | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Arisaema (cobra lily / jack-in-the-pulpit) in the Araceae family, it shares the toxic profile of ASPCA-listed jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum): all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Chewing causes intense oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and swelling of the lips, tongue and throat. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| whipcord arisaema | Arisaema tortuosum | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Arisaema (cobra lily / jack-in-the-pulpit) in the Araceae family, it shares the toxic profile of ASPCA-listed jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum): all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Chewing causes oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and swelling of the lips, tongue and throat. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| Arizona Chalk Dudleya | Dudleya pulverulenta subsp. arizonica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dudleya is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Crassulaceae and no significant toxic compounds are documented. However, as a precaution and in the absence of confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, the species is rated mildly-toxic here. The chalky farina (epicuticular wax) should not be handled excessively. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Arizona cypress | Cupressus arizonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus arizonica is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingesting foliage or cones may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea in cats and dogs, and the aromatic oils and sap can irritate skin. |
| Blue Ice Arizona cypress | Cupressus arizonica 'Blue Ice' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus arizonica is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Eating foliage or cones may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea in cats and dogs, and the aromatic oils and sap can irritate skin. |
| Arkansas beardtongue | Penstemon arkansanus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon arkansanus is not found on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs, so its safety cannot be confirmed either way. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Armenian speedwell | Veronica armena | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica (speedwell) species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Large amounts consumed may occasionally cause mild stomach upset. |
| Aroanian germander | Teucrium aroanium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Teucrium aroanium is not listed on the ASPCA database. As a Teucrium species, it likely contains neo-clerodane diterpenoids found in the genus broadly; these compounds have been associated with hepatotoxicity in humans from herbal use of related species. Out of caution, this plant is classified as mildly toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion could cause gastrointestinal upset. Consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| aromatic aster | Symphyotrichum oblongifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Symphyotrichum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| aromatic didymocarpus | Didymocarpus aromaticus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Didymocarpus is a member of Gesneriaceae. The ASPCA lists many Gesneriaceae genera as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Didymocarpus aromaticus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for this genus. Treat with standard caution and keep out of reach of pets until individual confirmation is available. |
| Arp Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis 'Arp' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. 'Arp' is a cultivar of the same species; culinary and ornamental use is considered safe around pets. |
| Hardy Rosemary | Salvia rosmarinus 'Arp' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, now Salvia rosmarinus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and the 'Arp' cultivar shares that status. The plant is pet-safe, though concentrated rosemary essential oil should be kept away from pets and eating large amounts of any foliage may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Arrow Arum | Peltandra virginica | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Peltandra virginica contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides), a hallmark of the Araceae family. Ingestion causes intense oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and throat, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in both cats and dogs. Keep pets away from all plant parts including the berries, which contain higher concentrations. Contact a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| kuwai | Sagittaria trifolia var. sinensis | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Note the ASPCA's 'Arrow-Head' toxicity entry refers to the unrelated houseplant Syngonium, not this aquatic Sagittaria. The corms are a cooked human food and the raw tubers are bitter and astringent; status for pets is uncertain, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| nephthytis | Syngonium podophyllum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Syngonium podophyllum as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling, and rare vomiting. |
| arrowwood viburnum | Viburnum dentatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No Viburnum species appears on the ASPCA toxic plant lists, and the ASPCA lists Black Haw (Viburnum) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, supporting a non-toxic stance for the genus including V. dentatum. Eating large quantities of any plant can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Arroyo Lupine | Lupinus succulentus | flowering | Toxic | Lupinus succulentus, as a member of the genus Lupinus, is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidance. Quinolizidine alkaloids are concentrated in seeds and pods; ingestion can cause vomiting, weakness, difficulty breathing, and liver stress. Seeds and pods pose the greatest risk. |
| Artillery Plant | Pilea microphylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Pilea microphylla (artillery plant, family Urticaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. It is a genuinely pet-safe houseplant, though as with any plant, nibbling can cause mild stomach upset, so discourage heavy chewing. |
| Arugula | Eruca vesicaria | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eruca vesicaria (arugula/rocket) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is a Brassicaceae culinary leaf vegetable with no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. It is widely consumed by humans. Like other brassicas, very large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals, but normal household contact is considered safe. |
| rocket | Eruca sativa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eruca sativa is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe in moderation; large amounts may cause mild GI upset. |
| Italian Arum | Arum italicum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Arum (Arum genus) as toxic; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates, causing oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The ornamental berries are especially tempting and hazardous to pets and children. |
| Arum Lily | Zantedeschia aethiopica | flowering | Toxic | Zantedeschia aethiopica is confirmed toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) present in all parts of the plant. Clinical signs include intense oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Seek veterinary attention immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Ashanti Blood | Mussaenda erythrophylla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mussaenda erythrophylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It belongs to the Rubiaceae family; multiple independent plant-safety sources indicate the genus has no known severe toxic principle, and Mussaenda is often cited as non-toxic. However, as ASPCA individual listing is absent, some related Rubiaceae genera (e.g., Gardenia) are listed as mildly toxic. Exercise caution—keep away from pets and consult ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| ashwagandha | Withania somnifera | herb | Mildly toxic | Ashwagandha is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not authoritatively established; as a nightshade-family (Solanaceae) plant containing withanolide alkaloids, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before any pet exposure. Reported ingestion signs in dogs are mild gastrointestinal upset, but do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Ashy Broom | Genista cinerea | flowering | Toxic | Genista species contain quinolizidine alkaloids including cytisine, the same toxic principle found in Laburnum. Ingestion by dogs or cats can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, weakness, incoordination, and in larger doses cardiovascular and respiratory effects. Keep pets away from plant material and seed pods. |
| Ashy Sunflower | Helianthus mollis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus species are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in Helianthus mollis. The plant is safe for wildlife and considered non-toxic to domestic pets. |
| Asian Ginseng | Panax ginseng | herb | Mildly toxic | Panax ginseng is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA for casual contact. However, ginsenosides (the active triterpenoid saponins) can cause gastrointestinal disturbance, hypoglycaemia, or central nervous system effects in pets if significant quantities of root or concentrated preparations are ingested. Treat concentrated root material and supplements as potentially harmful to animals. The plant's low stature and bitter taste make large accidental ingestion unlikely outdoors. |
| Asian pear | Pyrus pyrifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | Pear (Pyrus) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so the Asian pear's status is treated as uncertain — verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Like other pears and apples, the seeds and foliage contain cyanogenic glycosides; the ripe flesh is generally harmless, but keep prunings, leaves and crushed seeds away from pets. |
| Asian Wonder Bamboo | Fargesia scabrida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fargesia scabrida is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboos are not known to contain principles harmful to cats, dogs, or horses. The genus has no documented toxicity. |
| garden asparagus | Asparagus officinalis | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Asparagus officinalis as toxic to cats and dogs due to sapogenins, especially the red berries on female plants. Spears are safe; berries cause vomiting and diarrhoea. |
| foxtail fern (Sprengeri) | Asparagus aethiopicus | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Asparagus densiflorus as toxic to cats and dogs due to sapogenins. Berries can cause vomiting and diarrhoea; skin contact causes dermatitis. |
| Sprenger's asparagus fern | Asparagus densiflorus 'Sprengeri' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Sprengeri fern (Asparagus densiflorus) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is sapogenin, a steroid; berry ingestion can cause vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea, while repeated skin contact may cause allergic dermatitis. Despite the 'fern' name it is not a true fern. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Asphodel Cranesbill | Geranium asphodeloides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance, in contrast to Pelargonium (florist's geranium), which is mildly toxic. |
| Ebony Spleenwort | Asplenium platyneuron | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spleenworts (Asplenium) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; this species is not individually named but belongs to the non-toxic spleenwort/fern group. Eating large amounts may still cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Assam Fan Palm | Livistona jenkinsiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Livistona jenkinsiana is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic species; fan palms in this genus are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Mönch Frikart's aster | Aster × frikartii 'Mönch' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; asters appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list (e.g. China aster and giant aster). As with any plant, large quantities may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Bridal Veil astilbe | Astilbe × arendsii 'Bridal Veil' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Astilbe is not individually listed by the ASPCA among toxic or non-toxic plants, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Many garden references call it non-toxic, but ingestion of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. |
| False spirea | Astilbe × arendsii 'Fanal' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Astilbe is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its status cannot be confirmed as pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting. |
| Dwarf Chinese astilbe | Astilbe chinensis 'Pumila' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Astilbe is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and several horticultural sources describe it as non-toxic, but it does not carry an affirmative ASPCA non-toxic listing. Because pet-safe claims require ASPCA grounding, it is treated here as not individually ASPCA-listed: most likely low-risk but verify with a vet before assuming it is fully pet-safe; large ingestion may still cause mild GI upset. |
| Sprite astilbe | Astilbe simplicifolia 'Sprite' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Astilbe is not individually listed by the ASPCA among toxic or non-toxic plants, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is widely described as non-toxic in garden references, but ingesting any plant material can cause mild stomach upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. |
| Blistered astroloba | Astroloba bullulata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Astroloba is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. As a precaution keep it out of reach, since ingested foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Compact astroloba | Astroloba congesta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Astroloba is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database, so its pet safety is unverified; treat with caution and confirm with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. Keep it away from cats and dogs, as ingested succulent foliage can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Corrugated astroloba | Astroloba corrugata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Astroloba is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It is closely related to the ASPCA non-toxic Haworthia and Gasteria, implying low risk, but as the genus itself is not specifically classified, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Thread astroloba | Astroloba foliolosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Astroloba is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It belongs to the same group as the ASPCA non-toxic Haworthia and Gasteria, which suggests low toxicity, but because the genus is not specifically classified, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Spiral astroloba | Astroloba spiralis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Astroloba is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It sits in the same group as the ASPCA non-toxic Haworthia and Gasteria, which implies low toxicity, but since the genus is not specifically classified, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Coahuila Star Cactus | Astrophytum coahuilense | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astrophytum is not listed on the ASPCA's toxic plant database, and cacti are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a spineless species the usual mechanical risk is minimal, but it is not a food plant and should not be eaten by pets. |
| Ataulfo mango | Mangifera indica 'Ataulfo' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mango (Mangifera indica) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is generally tolerated in small amounts, but the skin, sap and leaves contain urushiol-related compounds (the same family as poison ivy and cashew) that can irritate, and the seed holds a trace of cyanide plus a choking/blockage risk. Keep peel, pits and prunings away from pets. |
| Atemoya | Annona × atemoya | tropical | Mildly toxic | Atemoya is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet. As an Annona hybrid, its seeds and leaves contain annonaceous acetogenins and alkaloids that are neurotoxic and irritant, with the seeds being poisonous. Keep seeds, skin and leaves away from pets; only the ripe pulp is consumed, with seeds removed. |
| Northern Lady Fern 'Lady in Red' | Athyrium angustum f. rubellum 'Lady in Red' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Athyrium (lady fern) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database, and lady fern foliage and rhizomes are reported to contain filicic-acid-type compounds that can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets if eaten. It should not be assumed pet-safe; treat as mildly toxic, prevent ingestion, and verify with a vet. |
| Tatting Fern | Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Athyrium filix-femina is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. True ferns, including lady fern, are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs and are not flagged as poisonous, but because the species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Dwarf Lady Fern | Athyrium filix-femina 'Minutissimum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Athyrium filix-femina is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. True ferns, including lady fern, are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs and are not flagged as poisonous, but because the species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of fronds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Red Beauty Japanese Painted Fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Red Beauty' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Athyrium niponicum and its cultivars are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. True ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic and Athyrium is not flagged as poisonous, but because the genus is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Ursula's Red Painted Fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Ursula's Red' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Athyrium niponicum and its cultivars are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. True ferns are generally considered non-toxic and Athyrium is not flagged as poisonous, but because the genus is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Eared Lady Fern | Athyrium otophorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Athyrium otophorum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. True ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs and the Athyrium genus is not flagged as poisonous, but because this species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of fronds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Atlantic Giant Pumpkin | Cucurbita maxima | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin/squash) is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. The flesh is safe and edible for humans and pets. The very large seeds of C. maxima, if consumed in bulk by small pets, may cause digestive upset but are not acutely toxic. |
| Atlantic Monanthes | Monanthes atlantica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Monanthes atlantica is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Crassulaceae with no confirmed bufadienolide toxins documented for this genus, it is not expected to be severely toxic, but as a precaution treat it as mildly toxic. Mild gastric upset is possible if ingested by pets or children. |
| Atlantic White Cedar | Chamaecyparis thyoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis thyoides is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other members of the cypress family, the foliage contains aromatic oils that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. Not considered severely toxic but caution is advised around pets that chew plant material. |
| Atlantic wild indigo | Baptisia alba var. macrophylla | flowering | Toxic | Contains quinolizidine alkaloids, primarily cytisine, which are toxic to dogs, cats, and livestock. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal spasms, and nausea. The bitter taste generally deters consumption but pets should be kept away from all plant parts. Note: Baptisia leucantha is now treated as a synonym for Baptisia alba var. macrophylla by most authorities. |
| Atlas Cedar | Cedrus atlantica | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Cedrus species, including Cedrus atlantica, as toxic to dogs and cats, with potential effects including vomiting and skin irritation from the essential oils in bark and foliage. Classified as mildly toxic; keep pets from chewing on bark or foliage. |
| Crotonifolia Aucuba | Aucuba japonica 'Crotonifolia' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aucuba is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the RHS rates it harmful if eaten. All parts contain the iridoid glycoside aucubin; ingestion can cause vomiting, drooling, and gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet chews leaves or berries. |
| Picturata Aucuba | Aucuba japonica 'Picturata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aucuba japonica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted. Foliage and berries contain the iridoid glycoside aucubin, which can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea) if eaten. Treat as mildly toxic, keep the red berries from pets and children, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Rozannie Aucuba | Aucuba japonica 'Rozannie' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aucuba japonica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status cannot be confirmed as safe. The plant contains the iridoid glycoside aucubin, and ingestion of leaves or the red berries can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea). Treat as mildly toxic, keep berries away from pets and children, and verify with a vet. |
| Audray White globe amaranth | Gomphrena globosa 'Audray White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gomphrena globosa is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. No known toxic compounds have been identified in the genus for pets or humans. |
| Audrey fig | Ficus benghalensis 'Audrey' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Ficus species as toxic, with the toxic principles ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and ficusin (psoralen) found in the milky sap. Ingestion or sap contact can cause oral and dermal irritation, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and decreased appetite. Keep away from pets and wear gloves when pruning. |
| Augustine's rhododendron | Rhododendron augustinii | flowering | Toxic | As a Rhododendron species, contains grayanotoxins in all parts. ASPCA lists Rhododendron spp. as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes gastrointestinal upset, hypersalivation, cardiac arrhythmia, and CNS depression. Keep pets and livestock away from all rhododendron plantings. |
| Aunt Ruby's German Green tomato | Solanum lycopersicum "Aunt Ruby's German Green" | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is solanine, concentrated in the green foliage, stems and unripe fruit; signs include hypersalivation, inappetence, severe GI upset, weakness, dilated pupils and slow heart rate. The fully ripe fruit is considered non-toxic, but with this green-when-ripe variety the protective rule of thumb (avoid all leaves, stems and hard green fruit) still applies. |
| Auricula | Primula auricula | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Primula (primrose) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The specific toxic principle is unknown; clinical signs include mild to moderate vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. Some individuals are also skin-sensitised by handling the leaves. |
| Auricula Primrose | Primula auricula | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primula auricula and the genus Primula are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principles include primin (a quinone compound found in the glandular hairs), which can cause contact dermatitis, and saponins that may cause gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested. The toxicity level is generally considered mild to moderate — not life-threatening but should be kept out of reach of pets. |
| Aurora honeyberry | Lonicera caerulea 'Aurora' | edible | Mildly toxic | Lonicera caerulea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so the pet status of 'Aurora' is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fruit is edible to people, but ornamental honeysuckle berries in the genus are not, so do not assume it is pet-safe and discourage pets from chewing the plant. |
| Australian Bangalow Palm | Dypsis cunninghamiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (now reclassified as Dypsis cunninghamiana) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The species is safe for companion animals under its former name, confirming no toxic principles are present in this palm. |
| Australian Cabbage Palm | Livistona australis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Livistona australis is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no known toxic principle documented in authoritative sources (PFAF: 'none known'); however, because ASPCA confirmation for this specific species is absent, a cautious 'mildly-toxic' classification is applied. If a pet ingests significant quantities, consult a veterinarian. Closely related Livistona chinensis is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. |
| Australian Cycad | Cycas media | tropical | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC to dogs, cats, and humans. All parts of Cycas media — seeds, leaves, trunk, and roots — contain cycasin and other neurotoxic glycosides. Ingestion causes vomiting, liver failure, neurological signs, and can be fatal. Cycas genus is listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database as causing liver failure. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Australian Fan Palm | Licuala ramsayi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Licuala ramsayi is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Licuala palms fall within the broader palm family (Arecaceae), and closely related palms including parlour palm (Chamaedorea) are listed as non-toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principle is known for Licuala. The genus has no reported toxic compounds, and the species is not implicated in pet poisoning cases. |
| Australian fan palm | Livistona australis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually named on the ASPCA list, but Livistona and true palms in the family Arecaceae are not classified as toxic by the ASPCA, which lists related fan and feather palms as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Considered pet-safe; note the spiny leaf stalks can still cause physical injury. |
| Burrawang | Macrozamia communis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Macrozamia is a cycad (order Cycadales) containing cycasin and macrozamin, consistent with the ASPCA's toxic listing for sago palm and related cycads. The large, brightly coloured seeds are especially poisonous; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, liver failure and neurological signs. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Australian saltbush | Atriplex semibaccata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No confirmed toxins are known in Atriplex semibaccata; the genus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. As a precaution, leaves grown under heavy artificial fertilisation may accumulate nitrates and should not be fed to pets in quantity. |
| Australian Tree Fern | Cyathea cooperi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyathea cooperi is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True ferns in the Cyatheaceae family have no documented toxic principle to dogs or cats. Ingestion of fronds may cause mild stomach upset but is not considered dangerous. |
| Cooper's tree fern | Sphaeropteris cooperi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sphaeropteris cooperi (Cyathea cooperi) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Most true ferns are non-toxic, but this species is not specifically confirmed, and the fine scales and hairs on the fronds and trunk can mechanically irritate skin. Treat it as uncertain, keep pets away, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Autumn Brilliance serviceberry | Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Autumn Brilliance' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amelanchier x grandiflora is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The Amelanchier genus has no known toxic principles for dogs or cats; the berries are edible for humans and widely consumed by wildlife. |
| Autumn Cascades Tupelo | Nyssa sylvatica 'Autumn Cascades' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nyssa sylvatica is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic. The small blue-black drupes may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by pets. The berries are a valuable wildlife food source for birds but are not recommended for pet or human consumption. Exercise caution with pets that tend to eat fallen berries. |
| Autumn Catchfly | Silene schafta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Silene schafta (family Caryophyllaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Silene and family Caryophyllaceae have no documented toxic principles in veterinary toxicology references. |
| Autumn Crocus | Crocus speciosus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Crocus speciosus is a true Crocus (family Iridaceae) and should not be confused with Colchicum autumnale (Colchicaceae), which shares the common name 'autumn crocus' but is severely toxic. True Crocus species ingestion in pets causes mild GI signs (drooling, vomiting, diarrhea) per Pet Poison Helpline, not organ failure. ASPCA does not individually list C. speciosus but places spring Crocus spp. in the mild-GI category. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Autumn daffodil | Sternbergia lutea | flowering | Toxic | Sternbergia lutea belongs to Amaryllidaceae and its bulbs contain Amaryllidaceae alkaloids including lycorine and sternbergine. These alkaloids are the same class of toxic compounds found in Narcissus (daffodil) and Amaryllis, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, hypersalivation, and weakness. The bulbs are the most toxic part. Consult a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Autumn fern | Dryopteris erythrosora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris erythrosora is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no member of the genus Dryopteris appears on either ASPCA list. The non-toxic Boston fern is a different genus (Nephrolepis), so we cannot infer safety from it. Treat autumn fern as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before allowing pets to chew it. |
| Japanese shield fern | Dryopteris erythrosora 'Brilliance' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris is not on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and the genus contains filicic acid (filixic acid / filicin) and thiaminase in its rhizomes, compounds documented to cause poisoning in grazing livestock. It is not individually evaluated by the ASPCA for cats and dogs; treat as mildly toxic, keep pets from chewing it, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Autumn Gentian | Gentianella amarella | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentianella amarella is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Related Gentiana species are considered non-toxic to dogs by some sources, but formal confirmation for this species is absent. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; iridoid glycosides present in gentians may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in large amounts. |
| Autumn heath | Erica manipuliflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica manipuliflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in the Erica genus. Generally considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As with any plant, large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Herbstfreude | Sedum 'Autumn Joy' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The genus Sedum is broadly regarded as low-risk and the ASPCA lists some Sedum species (e.g. Sedum album) as non-toxic, but 'Autumn Joy' (a Hylotelephium hybrid) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting. Treat with mild caution and verify with a vet if a pet eats a significant amount rather than assuming it is fully pet-safe. |
| Autumn King carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Autumn King' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The carrot (Daucus carota) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list (as 'Carrot Flower'). Roots and tops are safe to pets; raw carrot is a healthy treat, cut to a size that won't choke smaller animals. |
| Autumn Laelia | Laelia autumnalis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Laelia autumnalis is in the family Orchidaceae, which has no known toxic principle to cats or dogs. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but orchids broadly are considered non-toxic per ASPCA guidance. |
| Autumn Magic chokeberry | Aronia melanocarpa 'Autumn Magic' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aronia (chokeberry) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The berries are edible for humans and not associated with pet toxicity; the genus has no known toxic principles. As with any berry, large quantities may cause mild GI upset in pets. |
| autumn moor grass | Sesleria autumnalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sesleria autumnalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, and the genus Sesleria has no specific ASPCA entry, so a definitive pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as with most ornamental grasses, the main practical hazard is mechanical irritation from ingested blades or seed awns rather than chemical poisoning. |
| autumn olive | Elaeagnus umbellata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (listed under Autumn Olive, Eleagnus spp., family Elaeagnaceae). The berries are edible for people and animals; as with any plant, large quantities may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Autumn Pineapple Lily | Eucomis autumnalis | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Eucomis as toxic to cats and dogs. Eucomis autumnalis is not currently listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database as toxic, and multiple sources describe Eucomis as non-toxic to pets. However, as a member of Amaryllidaceae — a family that widely contains lycorine and related alkaloids — the genus cannot be confidently classed as pet-safe without a definitive ASPCA listing. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; keep pets away from bulbs especially, which have the highest alkaloid concentration in this family. |
| autumn red grass | Miscanthus oligostachyus 'Purpurascens' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus oligostachyus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Ornamental grasses of this genus contain no known toxic principles and are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Autumn Sage | Salvia greggii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principle identified. |
| avalanche feather reed grass | Calamagrostis x acutiflora 'Avalanche' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calamagrostis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hass avocado | Persea americana | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Persea americana as toxic to cats, dogs, horses, and especially birds and ruminants, due to persin. Leaves, bark, seed, and skin are most concentrated; the flesh is low-risk for dogs and cats but unsafe for birds and rabbits. |
| Awl-Leaved Air Plant | Tillandsia subulifera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to both cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are identified in T. subulifera; mild gastrointestinal irritation from ingesting plant fibre is possible but there is no toxicological risk. |
| Axillary Balm | Melissa axillaris | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Melissa axillaris belongs to the same genus in Lamiaceae and has no reported toxic principles. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but genus-level evidence strongly supports a pet-safe classification; always supervise pets that chew large amounts of any herb. |
| Ayabaca Masdevallia | Masdevallia ayabacana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Masdevallia is listed by the ASPCA as 'Tailed Orchid' (Masdevallia spp.), classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds are known for the genus. Mild GI upset is possible if a pet ingests plant material in large quantities. |
| Water Fern | Azolla filiculoides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Azolla filiculoides is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safety claim cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its symbiotic cyanobacterium has largely lost the genes for classic cyanotoxins, but as a cyanobacteria-hosting floating mat it can degrade water quality, so a pet drinking from an Azolla-covered pond is the practical hazard to monitor. |
| Feathered Mosquito Fern | Azolla pinnata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Azolla pinnata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note that wild-collected Azolla mats can harbour cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and accumulated contaminants, which are a genuine ingestion hazard for pets and livestock. |
| Azores Jasmine | Jasminum azoricum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Jasminum species as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (Toxic Principles: Non-toxic). Azores jasmine is a true Jasminum — distinct from toxic 'false jasmines' such as Gelsemium sempervirens. |
| Aztec lily | Sprekelia formosissima | flowering | Toxic | Sprekelia formosissima is a member of Amaryllidaceae and its bulbs have been confirmed to contain Amaryllidaceae alkaloids including lycorine, haemanthamine, and tazettine. Lycorine is the primary toxic principle in this plant family and is listed by the ASPCA as toxic in related amaryllid genera. Ingestion — especially of the bulb — can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, hypersalivation, lethargy, and, in serious cases, tremors. Seek veterinary advice immediately. |
| Azure Grape Hyacinth | Pseudomuscari azureum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pseudomuscari azureum is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. The closely related Muscari armeniacum is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; however, Pseudomuscari is a taxonomically distinct genus and individual species-level safety data is absent. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Babaco | Vasconcellea × heilbornii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Uncertain status. Vasconcellea (mountain papaya) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so a pet-safe claim cannot be made. Like the related papaya, the plant exudes an irritant white latex containing proteolytic enzymes that can cause mouth, skin and gut irritation. Treat with caution, keep pets from chewing leaves and unripe fruit, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Baboon flower | Babiana stricta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Babiana stricta is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no specific toxicity reports for cats or dogs were located in veterinary literature. As an Iridaceae family member related to genera such as Freesia and Tritonia (which have limited toxicity data), and given the absence of an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing, a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied. If a pet ingests corms or foliage, consult a veterinarian. |
| Baby Love | Rosa 'Baby Love' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species, 'Rose', non-toxic, no toxic principle). The leaves and flowers are not poisonous; only the prickles and thorns can cause minor physical scratches to a pet that chews or brushes the stems. |
| Baby rubber plant | Peperomia obtusifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the baby rubber plant (Peperomia obtusifolia) on its non-toxic plant list, classed as non-toxic to both dogs and cats, making it one of the genuinely pet-safe houseplant choices. No insoluble or soluble calcium oxalates or other recognised toxic principle are associated with it. Even so, it is not pet food, and a pet that eats a large amount of any plant may get mild, transient stomach upset simply from the volume of fibre. |
| Baby sage | Salvia microphylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia as a genus is listed on the ASPCA Non-Toxic Plant List for both cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for S. microphylla. |
| baby sweetcorn | Zea mays 'Minipop' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Baby sweetcorn is simply immature Zea mays, which the ASPCA classes as non-toxic. The toxic 'Corn Plant' on the ASPCA list is the unrelated Dracaena fragrans. Offer plain in small amounts. |
| Baby Tears | Pilea depressa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea depressa is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the Pilea genus is clean: ASPCA lists multiple Pilea species (microphylla, mucosa, cadierei, involucrata, nummulariifolia) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and none as toxic. Treated as pet-safe; eating large amounts may still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if concerned. Note: this is the Pilea "baby tears," not the unrelated Soleirolia soleirolii sold under the same nickname. |
| Baby Toes | Fenestaria aurantiaca | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fenestaria aurantiaca is in the family Aizoaceae. It is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA under the common name 'Baby Toes.' Safe to keep in pet-accessible areas, though ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Baby's breath | Gypsophila paniculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gypsophila paniculata is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats (and mildly toxic to horses). The toxic principle is saponin (gyposenin), concentrated in the stems and roots. Ingestion typically causes mild gastrointestinal signs — vomiting, diarrhoea, and occasionally dermatitis on skin contact with the sap. It is not considered life-threatening but should be kept away from pets. |
| Baby's tears | Soleirolia soleirolii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Soleirolia soleirolii (under the common name "Paddy's wig," family Urticaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Sensitive pets may still get mild stomach upset from nibbling any plant, so discourage grazing. |
| Bachelor's button | Centaurea cyanus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Centaurea cyanus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The plant is also used medicinally in human herbalism with no documented toxic alkaloid burden at typical exposure levels. |
| Bacon avocado | Persea americana 'Bacon' | tropical | Toxic | Avocado (Persea americana) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic, citing the toxic principle persin, and is specifically flagged toxic to horses (respiratory distress, heart failure, oedema). Persin causes vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats and is severe or fatal in birds, rabbits and ruminants. Keep leaves, fruit, skin, bark and pits away from all pets and livestock. |
| Bacopa | Sutera cordata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sutera cordata (sold as bacopa) is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. It is unrelated to the aquatic herb Bacopa monnieri. No toxic principles are documented for Sutera. Considered non-toxic to dogs and cats, though ingesting large quantities of any plant may cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Scopia Gulliver Purple Bacopa | Sutera cordata 'Scopia Gulliver Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Garden bacopa (Sutera cordata) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and has no recognised toxic principle; it is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is distinct from medicinal aquatic Bacopa monnieri. Treated as pet-safe, though eating large amounts of any plant may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Snowtopia Bacopa | Sutera cordata 'Snowtopia' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Garden bacopa (Sutera cordata) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and carries no recognised toxic principle; it is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Note this is the ornamental Sutera, distinct from aquatic Bacopa monnieri. Treated as pet-safe, though any plant eaten in quantity may cause mild stomach upset. |
| southern Bacopa | Bacopa australis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bacopa is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safety rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a submerged aquarium plant it is rarely reachable by pets, but any ingestion could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| giant Bacopa | Bacopa caroliniana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bacopa is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safety rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is widely regarded as low-risk, but ingestion of any quantity could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| brahmi | Bacopa monnieri | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bacopa is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safety rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Although brahmi is used as a human herbal supplement, human edibility does not establish ASPCA pet safety, and ingestion could still cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Bacuri | Platonia insignis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Platonia insignis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The tree exudes a yellow latex/resin when wounded, which is typical of the mangosteen family and may irritate, so keep pets from chewing foliage, bark or unripe fruit even though the ripe pulp is eaten by people. |
| Bahia Earth Star | Cryptanthus bahianus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Cryptanthus genus (Earth Star) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; however, the stiff, spine-margined leaves of C. bahianus can cause physical injury if pets chew on them, and ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Bahian Earth Star | Cryptanthus bahianus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cryptanthus bahianus belongs to Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This species is not individually ASPCA-listed, but no toxic principle is known for the genus and ASPCA's bromeliad guidance supports a pet-safe classification. |
| Bahian Neoregelia | Neoregelia bahiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia bromeliads are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Bai Zhi | Angelica dahurica | herb | Mildly toxic | Angelica dahurica contains furanocoumarins (bergapten, isoimperatorin, psoralen) that cause phototoxic skin reactions on contact with sap in sunlight. Not individually listed by ASPCA; Apiaceae members with furanocoumarin content are generally considered mildly hazardous to pets if ingested in quantity. Wear protective gloves when harvesting roots or handling stems. |
| Baikal Skullcap | Scutellaria baicalensis | herb | Mildly toxic | Scutellaria baicalensis is not individually listed by ASPCA for cats or dogs. Skullcap species as a group are not classified as severely toxic, but high-dose ingestion of root extracts may cause hepatotoxicity in sensitive individuals and gastrointestinal discomfort in pets. Treat as mildly toxic; keep away from pets and children, particularly the concentrated root preparations. |
| Baines' Cyphostemma | Cyphostemma bainesii | tropical | Toxic | As with other Cyphostemma species, the berries and plant tissue of C. bainesii are reported to be toxic and should not be consumed by humans or animals. The genus belongs to Vitaceae but unlike edible grapes the berries are not safe. Cyphostemma bainesii is not individually listed by ASPCA; the plant should be treated as toxic and kept away from pets and children based on the genus's documented fruit toxicity. |
| Baker's tulip | Tulipa bakeri | flowering | Toxic | All Tulipa species, including Tulipa bakeri (T. saxatilis), are listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles are Tulipalin A and B, most concentrated in the bulb. Signs of poisoning include vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and depression; severe ingestion can cause cardiac and respiratory effects. Seek immediate veterinary care. |
| Balao Anthurium | Anthurium balaoanum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA does not list Anthurium balaoanum individually, but lists genus members (Anthurium scherzeranum, as Flamingo Flower and Tail Flower) as toxic to dogs and cats due to insoluble calcium oxalates; all anthuriums are aroids containing these crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, swelling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Bald Cypress | Taxodium distichum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Taxodium distichum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is generally regarded as low-risk and ingestion may at most cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but without an explicit ASPCA listing it should not be assumed fully pet-safe. |
| Cascade Falls Bald Cypress Bonsai | Taxodium distichum 'Cascade Falls' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Taxodium distichum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is widely regarded as low-risk, but unlisted status means ingestion of foliage or cones should be discouraged. |
| Balearic box | Buxus balearica | flowering | Toxic | As a Buxus species, toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (ASPCA). All parts contain buxine alkaloids; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. The larger leaves of this species may make accidental ingestion marginally more likely. Keep pets away from pruning debris. |
| Balisier | Heliconia bihai | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia bihai is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Secondary metabolites in the sap — including phenolic compounds and alkaloids — may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) and skin or oral irritation in cats and dogs; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution and kept out of reach of pets. |
| Balkan Pink | Dianthus simulans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dianthus species as a genus are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing potential mild gastrointestinal irritation and skin contact reactions. D. simulans is not individually listed but falls within the genus classification. |
| Balkan rock pink | Dianthus simulans | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Dianthus species (Carnation, Pinks, Sweet William) as mildly toxic to dogs and cats due to an unknown irritant. Clinical signs include mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) and mild dermatitis. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Balkan Sage | Salvia forsskaolei | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principle identified. |
| Balkan saxifrage | Saxifraga scardica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Balloon Cactus | Parodia magnifica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Parodia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and the cactus family carries no documented toxic principle. The stiff, sharp spines are the only real danger to pets, so keep the plant out of their reach. |
| Ball Moss | Tillandsia recurvata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species, including T. recurvata, are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Ballerina | Rosa 'Ballerina' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; true Rosa cultivars are non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The small hips are likewise safe though seedy; thorn injuries and mild GI upset are the only practical concerns. |
| Balsam Fir | Abies balsamea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies balsamea is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list. The resin and needles contain terpenes that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in large quantities, but no toxic principles have been identified. Essential oils in the resin can be irritating to skin. |
| Balsam Gourd | Ibervillea lindheimeri | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ibervillea lindheimeri (Cucurbitaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. The red-orange fruits are ornamental and not confirmed as edible. Members of this family can contain cucurbitacin compounds causing gastrointestinal irritation. Treat as mildly toxic; keep away from pets and children. |
| Baltic Blue Pothos | Epipremnum pinnatum 'Baltic Blue' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Epipremnum aroid it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; the ASPCA lists Epipremnum (golden pothos / "Taro Vine") as toxic, and Costa Farms (the breeder of 'Baltic Blue') confirms it is toxic to pets. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| bamboo muhly | Muhlenbergia dumosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Muhlenbergia dumosa belongs to the grass family Poaceae. Grasses do not contain known toxic principles for dogs or cats. Muhlenbergia species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Considered safe for pets and wildlife. |
| Bamboo Palm | Chamaedorea erumpens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Chamaedorea genus is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (listed under Bamboo Palm, Parlor Palm, Chamaedorea). The foliage and stems of C. erumpens are considered safe. Note: the small berry fruits produced on female plants contain irritant compounds — prevent fruiting if pets are present by removing flower stalks early. |
| Bamboo palm | Chamaedorea seifrizii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered safe for pets. Chamaedorea seifrizii is not individually listed by the ASPCA under its own species name, but the ASPCA lists the genus (as Chamaedorea / Chamaedorea elegans, with "Bamboo Palm" among its common names) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and no Chamaedorea species appears on its toxic list. As always, confirm with your vet before assuming any plant is safe. |
| bamburanta | Ctenanthe lubbersiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list Ctenanthe lubbersiana as toxic to cats or dogs. The broader Marantaceae family (which includes Calathea, Maranta, and Ctenanthe) has no reported significant toxic principles and is widely considered pet-safe. Ingesting large quantities of any plant may cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Banana croton | Codiaeum variegatum 'Banana' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) is a Euphorbiaceae plant whose sap and all parts contain diterpenoid (phorbol) esters, including 5-deoxyingenol. The ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline classify croton as toxic: chewing or swallowing any part causes oral and gastrointestinal irritation — drooling, vomiting and sometimes diarrhoea — and the milky sap can irritate skin on contact. Keep well out of reach of pets, and wash hands after pruning. |
| Banana Mint | Mentha arvensis 'Banana' | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Mint (Mentha sp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with essential oils as the toxic principle; large ingestions cause vomiting and diarrhoea. Small culinary nibbles are usually mild, but keep concentrated mint and quantities away from pets. |
| Banana passion fruit | Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima | tropical | Mildly toxic | Passiflora is not included on the ASPCA's toxic plant list, but the leaves and unripe fruit of banana passion fruit contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release small amounts of cyanide and irritate the digestive tract. Because its specific status is unconfirmed, treat it as caution; keep foliage and green fruit away from pets and verify with a vet. |
| Banana passionflower | Passiflora mollissima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Passiflora species contain cyanogenic glycosides and alkaloids in leaves and unripe fruit that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and children. Ripe fruit is edible for humans. ASPCA does not individually list P. mollissima, but notes the Passifloraceae family may cause mild GI irritation; treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of pets. |
| Banana passionfruit | Passiflora antioquiensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Passiflora antioquiensis is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other Passiflora species, its foliage and unripe fruit contain low levels of cyanogenic glycosides and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Ripe fruit is edible for humans and eaten locally in Colombia. Treat as mildly toxic for household pets. |
| Banded Billbergia | Billbergia vittata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Billbergia vittata contains no known toxic compounds. The spiny leaf margins may cause minor physical abrasion; the plant is otherwise safe for households with pets. |
| Banded Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus fasciatus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Cape Primrose (Streptocarpus spp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| Fairy washboard | Haworthia limifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Haworthia genus is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). No toxic principle; ingesting large amounts of any plant may cause minor digestive upset. |
| Purple Smoke false indigo | Baptisia 'Purple Smoke' | flowering | Toxic | As a Baptisia hybrid it is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus carries quinolizidine alkaloids (including cytisine) and is generally regarded as toxic to dogs and cats, with vomiting, GI upset, weakness, and tachycardia reported. Keep pets from grazing it and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Barbados Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum tenerum 'Farleyense' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum (maidenhair fern) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. As with all ferns, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but the plant is not considered poisonous. |
| Barbara Karst Bougainvillea | Bougainvillea 'Barbara Karst' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bougainvillea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The sap can cause mild dermatitis and the thorns pose a physical hazard. If ingested by pets or children, mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) is possible. Handle with gloves due to sharp thorns and irritant sap. |
| Barbecue Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis 'Barbecue' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosmarinus officinalis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. 'Barbecue' is a cultivar of the same species and shares the same safety profile. |
| Barbecue Rosemary | Salvia rosmarinus 'Barbecue' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, formerly Rosmarinus officinalis) is classified non-toxic; fresh or dried sprigs are safe if nibbled, though concentrated rosemary essential oil should never be given to pets. |
| Bare-stemmed Sinningia | Sinningia defoliata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs; Sinningia defoliata belongs to the same genus and Gesneriaceae family with no known toxic principles recorded. |
| Barla's Masdevallia | Masdevallia barleana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Masdevallia (Tailed Orchid, Masdevallia spp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Masdevallia barleana is within this assessed genus and is considered pet-safe. |
| Barnim's Dorstenia | Dorstenia barnimiana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dorstenia barnimiana (Moraceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Moraceae family contains latex-bearing plants that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation or contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. No serious toxicity has been documented for this species, but its full toxicity profile for companion animals has not been formally assessed by ASPCA. Keep out of reach of pets and children as a precaution; avoid latex contact on skin. |
| Baron's Pachypodium | Pachypodium baronii | tropical | Toxic | Member of family Apocynaceae. Contains toxic alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in its milky latex sap. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and can produce cardiovascular effects in dogs, cats, and humans. Pachypodium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the Apocynaceae family — including Adenium obesum, Nerium oleander, and Plumeria — is well established as toxic to pets; treat P. baronii with equivalent caution and keep it away from children and animals. |
| Baron's Palm | Dypsis baronii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis baronii is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of the Arecaceae (palm family) and the Dypsis genus — which includes the ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic areca palm (Dypsis lutescens) — no toxic principles are known. Consider consulting a vet if large quantities are ingested. |
| Barrelier's Sage | Salvia barrelieri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are identified in Salvia barrelieri. |
| Barren Strawberry | Waldsteinia ternata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Waldsteinia ternata is in the Rosaceae family and is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported in this genus. The ornamental fruits are dry achenes with no known toxicity. Considered safe for dogs and cats, though the species is not individually listed by ASPCA. |
| Barter's Cycad | Encephalartos barteri | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos barteri contain cycasin and related glycosides. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or humans causes severe vomiting, hepatotoxicity, and potentially fatal neurological damage. Seeds are the most concentrated source of toxin. ASPCA lists cycads as severely toxic to pets. Any ingestion requires immediate veterinary emergency care. |
| Bartlett pear | Pyrus communis 'Bartlett' | edible | Mildly toxic | As with all Pyrus communis cultivars, seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin). While Pyrus is not individually listed by ASPCA, related Rosaceae genera with cyanogenic seeds are classified as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ripe fruit flesh is safe for human consumption. Prevent pets from chewing on seeds, leaves, or stems. |
| Bartlett pear | Pyrus communis 'Williams' Bon Chrétien' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe pear flesh is safe for dogs and cats in small amounts as an occasional treat. Seeds contain amygdalin and should not be fed to pets. The ASPCA does not list Pyrus communis as toxic, but cyanogenic glycosides in the seeds pose a risk if crushed seeds are consumed in quantity. Remove seeds and core before offering fruit to pets. |
| Bartram's Air Plant | Tillandsia bartramii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA considers Tillandsia non-toxic to cats and dogs; Tillandsia bartramii is non-toxic. Conservation note: collecting this species from the wild in Florida is illegal and risks spreading the Mexican bromeliad weevil. |
| Baseball plant | Euphorbia obesa | houseplant | Toxic | Euphorbia obesa is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, but its genus is not clean: ASPCA lists other Euphorbia (pencil cactus, poinsettia) as toxic to cats and dogs, and SANBI confirms this species' milky latex is poisonous and irritant to skin and eyes. Treat it as unsafe around pets and people - keep out of reach and verify with your vet if ingested. |
| sweet basil | Ocimum basilicum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Ocimum basilicum as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Safe to grow on the kitchen windowsill. |
| Basil-Leaved Sun Rose | Halimium ocymoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Halimium ocymoides is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no confirmed safety assessment exists for cats or dogs. It is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic; do not allow pets to chew or ingest plant material, and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Basket Bromeliad | Canistrum lindenii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is non-toxic to dogs and cats per ASPCA. Canistrum lindenii is not individually cited by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are recorded for the genus or family. Considered safe around pets. |
| Chain Plant | Callisia fragrans | houseplant | Toxic | Callisia fragrans is not on the ASPCA's named list, but it belongs to the Commelinaceae family with the ASPCA-listed toxic Tradescantia (Inch Plant), and a peer-reviewed veterinary case (PubMed) documents immediate hypersensitivity and contact dermatitis in a dog from its leaf sap. Treat as toxic, the sap can cause red, itchy skin and GI upset; verify with a vet if a pet is exposed. |
| Basketgrass | Oplismenus hirtellus 'Variegatus' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oplismenus hirtellus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. As a true grass (family Poaceae), it has no known toxic principle. Not individually catalogued by ASPCA, but grasses in this family have no reported toxicity; as with any plant, consuming large quantities could cause mild digestive upset. |
| Bastard Cobas | Cyphostemma juttae | tropical | Toxic | The berries of Cyphostemma juttae are reported as toxic and potentially severely so — they contain substances that cause vomiting and other toxic symptoms when ingested by humans or animals. Cyphostemma is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the fruit toxicity is well documented in horticultural literature. Keep berries and plant material strictly away from pets and children; do not ingest any part of the plant. |
| Batalin's tulip | Tulipa batalinii | flowering | Toxic | All Tulipa species are listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principles, Tulipalin A and B (allergenic lactones), are most concentrated in the bulb. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and depression; high-dose bulb ingestion can cause hypotension, tachycardia, and difficulty breathing. Seek veterinary attention immediately. |
| Batavian Lettuce | Lactuca sativa 'Batavian' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lactuca sativa is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. All lettuce cultivars, including Batavian types, are considered safe for pets in small quantities. |
| sweet bay | Laurus nobilis | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Laurus nobilis as toxic to cats and dogs due to eugenol and other essential oils. Large ingestions cause vomiting and diarrhoea; tough leathery leaves rarely tempt pets. |
| Beach Cabbage | Scaevola taccada | tropical | Mildly toxic | Scaevola taccada is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and multiple sources note no known toxicity to pets or humans. As a precautionary measure, mildly-toxic is used in the absence of a specific confirmed ASPCA safety listing; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| beach plum | Prunus maritima | edible | Toxic | Toxic per ASPCA: Prunus species (listed under Plum and Cherry) contain cyanogenic glycosides in their leaves, stems and seeds, which release cyanide especially when wilted or crushed. Signs include difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, brick-red gums and shock. The ripe flesh is edible to people, but keep foliage, twigs and stones away from pets; call a vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) on ingestion. |
| Beach Salvia | Salvia africana-lutea | herb | Mildly toxic | Salvia africana-lutea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As specific confirmation for this species is absent, a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied; no documented toxic principles specific to this species. |
| Beach strawberry | Fragaria chiloensis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria chiloensis (beach strawberry) is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Fragaria is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are reported. |
| Beach Wormwood | Artemisia stelleriana | herb | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (essential oils; clinical signs: vomiting, diarrhea). Other Artemisia species contain similar volatile oils and thujone and are regarded as mildly toxic to pets across the genus. A. stelleriana is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus should be treated as mildly toxic out of caution. Contact with foliage may also cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Beacon Silver Dead Nettle | Lamium maculatum 'Beacon Silver' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lamium maculatum is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles are present in the genus. Safe in gardens used by pets. |
| beaked hazelnut | Corylus cornuta | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Corylus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and the nuts are edible, with no toxic principle in foliage or nuts; treat as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The bristly husk fibres can irritate skin and mouths on handling, and rich nuts may upset a pet's stomach if eaten in bulk. |
| beaked homalomena | Homalomena rostrata | houseplant | Toxic | As a member of Araceae, Homalomena rostrata contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout its tissues. Contact with sap or ingestion causes intense oral burning, drooling, and vomiting in cats, dogs, and humans. The ASPCA lists the Homalomena genus as toxic to dogs and cats. Handle with care and keep away from pets and children. |
| green bean | Phaseolus vulgaris | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Phaseolus vulgaris as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Raw beans contain lectins that can upset stomachs in quantity. |
| Bear Paw | Cotyledon tomentosa | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon tomentosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and no Cotyledon species appear on it. However, the Cotyledon genus is documented to contain cumulative cardiac-glycoside toxins (bufadienolides) — the same toxin class that makes related Kalanchoe ASPCA-toxic — so it should be treated as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, in larger amounts, heart-rhythm disturbances. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Bear Tupelo | Nyssa ursina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nyssa (tupelo) species are not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The fruit, bark, and foliage have no documented toxic principles; birds and bears consume the drupes freely. No caution is warranted for household pets. |
| Bearberry | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | edible | Mildly toxic | The berries are edible for humans in small quantities and are a traditional food source, but consumption of large amounts can cause gastrointestinal upset due to tannins and arbutin. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats; however, arbutin (a hydroquinone glycoside) present in the plant may cause harm in large quantities. Consult a veterinarian before allowing pets to graze on berries or foliage. |
| Bearberry Cotoneaster | Cotoneaster dammeri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cotoneaster berries and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can release small amounts of hydrogen cyanide when digested. The concentrations are low, and serious toxicity requires ingestion of large quantities. Nonetheless, berries can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy in dogs and cats. Not listed individually by the ASPCA; treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and young children. |
| Bearded Huernia | Huernia barbata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Huernia barbata (Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Huernia has no reported toxic principles; multiple Huernia species (including H. zebrina and H. volkartii) are noted by reputable sources as having no toxic effects on pets or humans. |
| Bearded-stem peperomia | Peperomia caulibarbis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. caperata, P. argyreia, and P. griseoargentea) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic members of the genus identified. Peperomia caulibarbis is considered pet-safe on this consistent genus-wide basis. As with any houseplant, ingestion of a large quantity may cause mild, transient digestive upset; if your pet eats it, consult your vet. |
| Beatrice watsonia | Watsonia pillansii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Watsonia is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but belongs to the Iridaceae family within which Iris species are ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with irritant compounds concentrated in the corms. As a precautionary classification, treat W. pillansii as mildly toxic; potential symptoms include vomiting, drooling, and diarrhoea. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| slender ponytail palm | Beaucarnea gracilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (listed under Beaucarnea/Nolina as 'Pony Tail', 'Elephant-Foot Tree'). The genus contains no known toxic principle. Note that any plant matter can still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset if a pet chews the leaves. |
| Mexican ponytail palm | Beaucarnea stricta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Ponytail Palm (Beaucarnea recurvata) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and this same-genus species is considered pet-safe. The stiff, sharp leaf tips can physically poke or irritate a curious pet, but the plant carries no known chemical toxicity. |
| Beaugleholes bladderwort | Utricularia beaugleholei | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles have been documented, but because the genus is absent from authoritative pet-safety lists, a mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Beautiful Besleria | Besleria formosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Besleria is in the Gesneriaceae family, which has no documented toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Gesneriaceae broadly (including closely related genera Columnea, Episcia, Aeschynanthus) are classified non-toxic by ASPCA. Exercise standard caution and keep out of reach of pets as with any plant. |
| beautiful feather grass | Stipa pulcherrima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stipa genus grasses are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA or Pet Poison Helpline and have no reported toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. As with S. barbata, the long needle-sharp awns pose a physical injury risk to pets — they can penetrate skin, fur, and mucous membranes — though they are not chemically toxic. |
| Beautiful Fuchsia | Fuchsia venusta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified for the genus Fuchsia. |
| Beautiful Graptopetalum | Graptopetalum superbum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Graptopetalum is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. G. superbum belongs to the same genus and shares no known toxic principles. Safe for households with pets. |
| Beautiful Living Stones | Lithops bella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops species are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Beautiful sea holly | Eryngium venustum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is absent from the ASPCA's Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant lists for cats and dogs. No specific toxins are documented for this species, but explicit safety confirmation is lacking. The spiny bracts and leaves pose a physical hazard to pets that attempt to chew the plant. |
| beautiful sundew | Drosera venusta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera species are classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. D. venusta poses no known poisoning risk to pets or humans. |
| Beautiful-net Lepanthes | Lepanthes calodictyon | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lepanthes belongs to the family Orchidaceae. Orchids as a family have no known toxic principle and multiple common genera (Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, Cattleya) are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Lepanthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compound has been reported for this genus. |
| Beaver Tail Prickly Pear | Opuntia basilaris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Opuntia species ("Tree Cactus", family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. There is no chemical toxin, but Beavertail's dense reddish glochids are a notable physical hazard - they detach instantly and embed in skin and mouths - so handle with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| Becky Shasta daisy | Leucanthemum x superbum 'Becky' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Leucanthemum cultivar, 'Becky' carries the same toxicity profile as the species. The ASPCA lists daisies in the Asteraceae/Chrysanthemum family as toxic to dogs and cats, with sesquiterpene lactones and pyrethrins causing vomiting, diarrhoea, and potential skin irritation. Symptoms are generally mild. |
| Wax begonia | Begonia semperflorens | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The greatest concentration of toxic insoluble oxalates is in the underground tubers, but ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Bee Orchid | Ophrys apifera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ophrys apifera has no known toxic compounds recorded in the literature (PFAF lists hazards as 'none known'). It is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats, dogs, and horses, though as with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild non-specific digestive upset. |
| Beefsteak Begonia | Begonia erythrophylla | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to both cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the underground rhizomes being the most toxic part. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, and vomiting. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Beefsteak tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Beefsteak' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the tomato plant as toxic to dogs and cats. The leaves, stems and unripe green fruit contain solanine and tomatine; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, weakness, dilated pupils and a slowed heart rate. Only the ripe fruit flesh is considered low-risk. |
| Beehive Ginger | Zingiber spectabile | tropical | Mildly toxic | Zingiber spectabile is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so pet safety cannot be confirmed. No specific toxic principle is documented, but GI irritation is possible if plant material is ingested. Consult a veterinarian promptly if a pet consumes any part of this plant. |
| beetroot | Beta vulgaris | edible | Mildly toxic | Beta vulgaris contains soluble oxalates. Large amounts cause GI upset in cats and dogs; small portions are tolerated. |
| Angulata Peperomia | Peperomia quadrangularis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia is recognised by the ASPCA as a non-toxic genus, so Beetle Peperomia is safe to keep around pets. |
| Boldor beet | Beta vulgaris 'Boldor' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is the ASPCA 'Beets' entry, listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Large mature leaves contain oxalic acid and beet pigments can temporarily redden urine or stool (harmless), so feed roots and leaves in moderation, particularly to pets prone to urinary stones. |
| Boltardy beet | Beta vulgaris 'Boltardy' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is the ASPCA 'Beets' listing, non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Large mature leaves contain oxalic acid and the red pigment can harmlessly redden a pet's urine or stool, so offer roots and leaves in moderation, especially to animals prone to kidney or bladder stones. |
| wax begonia | Begonia × hortensis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs due to soluble calcium oxalates, especially in the tubers. Causes oral irritation and vomiting. |
| Barkos Rieger begonia | Begonia × hiemalis 'Barkos' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; chewing leaves, stems or roots can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this houseplant out of pets' reach. |
| benitochiba begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Benitochiba' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. |
| benitoma begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Benitoma' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground/rhizomatous parts. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and oral irritation/salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| Black Coffee begonia | Begonia 'Black Coffee' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic part being the underground rhizome. Ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, and kidney effects in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| black fang begonia | Begonia × 'Black Fang' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground/rhizomatous parts. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and oral irritation/salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| Black Mamba Rex Begonia | Begonia 'Black Mamba' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia (including Rex Begonia) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizomes and tubers, cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing if chewed. Keep this plant away from curious pets. |
| black velvet rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Black Velvet' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion can cause oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| bonfire begonia | Begonia boliviensis 'Bonfire' | flowering | Toxic | As a Begonia, 'Bonfire' falls under the ASPCA listing of Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tuber. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The tubers are the most hazardous part; keep plants and stored tubers away from pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| braveheart begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Braveheart' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.), which includes this Rex cultivar, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, and the most toxic part is underground (rhizome/roots). Ingestion typically causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| buxton's crimson begonia | Begonia × 'Buxton's Crimson' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground but present throughout. Chewing leaves or stems causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting; grazing animals risk kidney damage. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| Charm rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Charm' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Rex Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic part being the underground rhizome/tubers. Ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with kidney effects in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| Cleopatra begonia | Begonia 'Cleopatra' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates are the toxic principle, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion can cause oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Connee Boswell Rex Begonia | Begonia 'Connee Boswell' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (including Rex Begonia) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizomes and tubers; ingestion causes intense mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| coral begonia | Begonia × 'Corallina de Lucerna' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers; ingestion can cause oral irritation, mouth burning, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| basket of fire begonia | Begonia 'Corbeille de Feu' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers, which are large in tuberous types. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, and vomiting. Keep tubers and plants away from pets and call a vet if eaten. |
| cowardly lion begonia | Begonia × 'Cowardly Lion' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, salivation, and vomiting, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. |
| Cracklin' Rosie begonia | Begonia 'Cracklin' Rosie' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the highest concentration underground in the tubers/rhizomes. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, salivation, and vomiting (and kidney issues in grazing animals). Keep this cane begonia out of reach of pets. |
| Curly Fireflush begonia | Begonia 'Curly Fireflush' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizomes and tubers. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling and vomiting. Keep this low, accessible plant away from pets. |
| Dragon Wing Pink begonia | Begonia 'Dragon Wing Pink' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground; ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep this begonia away from pets. |
| Dragon Wing begonia | Begonia 'Dragon Wing Red' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated in the underground tubers/rhizomes; ingestion can cause intense mouth irritation, drooling, and vomiting, with kidney effects possible in grazing animals. |
| duartei rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Duartei' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (including rex begonia) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizomes and tubers. Chewing causes oral irritation, hypersalivation, vomiting and oral pain; large quantities can affect the kidneys in grazing animals. |
| emerald giant begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Emerald Giant' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion can cause oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Cocktail Vodka Wax Begonia | Begonia semperflorens 'Cocktail Vodka' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with vomiting and salivation as signs. The most toxic part is underground. Keep away from pets. |
| fedor rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Fedor' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (including rex begonia) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizomes and tubers below ground. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; large amounts can cause kidney problems in grazing animals. |
| Fiestas cane begonia | Begonia 'Fiestas' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts; ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Fireworks Rex Begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Fireworks' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Begonia genus). The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tubers/rhizomes; ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| flamingo queen begonia | Begonia × 'Flamingo Queen' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts. Chewing leaves or stems causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting; grazing animals risk kidney damage. Keep away from pets. |
| fragrant begonia | Begonia odorata 'Fragrant Beauty' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, and vomiting. Despite the pleasant scent, keep it away from pets and call a vet if eaten. |
| glowing embers begonia | Begonia × hiemalis 'Glowing Embers' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts; ingestion can cause oral burning, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this flowering begonia out of reach of pets. |
| Pegasus Begonia | Begonia 'Gryphon' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Begonia genus). The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tubers/rootstock; ingestion causes oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting, and trouble swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| guy savard begonia | Begonia × 'Guy Savard' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome; ingestion can cause mouth irritation, intense burning, drooling and vomiting. Keep away from pets. |
| Red Robin rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Harmony's Red Robin' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground; ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with possible kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep this rex begonia away from cats and dogs. |
| helen teupel begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Helen Teupel' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (including rex begonia) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizomes and tubers. Chewing causes oral irritation, hypersalivation, vomiting and pain on swallowing; large amounts may affect the kidneys in grazing animals. |
| illumination orange begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Illumination Orange' | flowering | Toxic | As a Begonia, 'Illumination Orange' falls under the ASPCA listing of Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tuber. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The stored tubers are the most hazardous part; keep plants and tubers away from pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Illumination Salmon begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Illumination Salmon' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tuber, can cause oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Site baskets and store tubers out of reach of pets. |
| irene nuss begonia | Begonia × 'Irene Nuss' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.), which includes this cane hybrid, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground in the roots and rhizome. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| It begonia | Begonia 'It' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The active toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated in the underground parts; signs of ingestion include oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| joe hayden begonia | Begonia × 'Joe Hayden' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome, causing vomiting and salivation if chewed and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| Jurassic Bewitched begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Jurassic Bewitched' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome/tubers; ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep this rex begonia out of pets' reach. |
| jurassic silver swirl begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Jurassic Silver Swirl' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion can cause oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Jurassic Watermelon begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Jurassic Watermelon' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers/rhizome; signs include vomiting and salivation, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep this rex begonia away from pets. |
| lana begonia | Begonia × 'Lana' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground but present throughout the plant. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting; grazing animals risk kidney failure. Site out of reach of pets. |
| looking glass begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Looking Glass' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Begonia contains soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Lucerna begonia | Begonia × 'Lucerna' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers; ingestion can cause oral irritation, mouth burning, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Maori Haze Begonia | Begonia rex 'Maori Haze' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA individually lists Rex Begonia (Begonia rex) as toxic to both, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle, causing vomiting and salivation; the most toxic part is underground (the rhizomes/roots). Keep the plant out of pets' reach. |
| Marmaduke Rhizomatous Begonia | Begonia 'Marmaduke' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, causing vomiting and salivation. The most toxic part is underground (the rhizome). Keep away from pets. |
| martin's mystery begonia | Begonia × 'Martin's Mystery' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble (and some insoluble) calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome; ingestion can cause intense mouth burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Maurice Amey cane begonia | Begonia 'Maurice Amey' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts; ingestion may cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| merry christmas begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Merry Christmas' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (including rex begonia) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers and rhizomes. Ingestion can cause intense mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; large amounts may affect the kidneys in grazing animals. |
| Midnight Magic rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Midnight Magic' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Rex Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic part underground (rhizome/tubers). Ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with kidney effects in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| midnight twist begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Midnight Twist' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Non-Stop Rose begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Non-Stop Rose' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tubers, can cause oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Store dormant tubers where pets cannot reach them. |
| Nonstop Joy Salmon begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Nonstop Joy Salmon' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated in the tubers; ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep plants and stored tubers away from pets. |
| nonstop joy white begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Nonstop Joy White' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers, which are large and prominent in tuberous begonias. Ingestion causes oral irritation, hypersalivation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; large amounts can cause kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| nonstop red begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Nonstop Red' | flowering | Toxic | As a Begonia, 'Nonstop Red' falls under the ASPCA listing of Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tuber. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The tubers are the most hazardous part; keep plants and stored tubers away from pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| nonstop rose petticoat begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Nonstop Rose Petticoat' | flowering | Toxic | As a Begonia, 'Nonstop Rose Petticoat' falls under the ASPCA listing of Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tuber. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The tubers are the most hazardous part; keep plants and stored tubers away from pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Norah Bedson miniature begonia | Begonia 'Norah Bedson' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizomes and tubers. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. Keep this small, reachable plant away from pets. |
| northern lights begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Northern Lights' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome, causing vomiting and salivation if chewed and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| orange rubra begonia | Begonia × 'Orange Rubra' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and oral irritation/salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Palomar Prince cane begonia | Begonia 'Palomar Prince' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers and rhizomes. Chewing the plant causes mouth irritation, drooling and vomiting. Site this tall begonia where curious pets cannot reach the foliage. |
| passing storm begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Passing Storm' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. Soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome, cause vomiting and salivation if ingested, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| picotee lace pink begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Picotee Lace Pink' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers, which are large in tuberous begonias. Ingestion causes oral irritation, hypersalivation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; large amounts can cause kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| pin up flame begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Pin Up Flame' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers, which are large in tuberous begonias. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; large amounts can cause kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Potpourri begonia | Begonia 'Potpourri' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates are the toxic principle, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| red robin begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Red Robin' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| River Nile begonia | Begonia 'River Nile' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizomes and tubers. Chewing causes oral irritation, profuse salivation and vomiting. Keep away from pets that may nibble the broad leaves. |
| sachsen rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Sachsen' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA specifically lists Rex Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting; grazing animals risk kidney failure. Keep away from pets. |
| santa cruz sunset begonia | Begonia boliviensis 'Santa Cruz Sunset' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tuber; ingestion causes oral irritation, salivation, and vomiting, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep tubers and plants away from pets. |
| Selph's Mahogany begonia | Begonia 'Selph's Mahogany' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic part being the underground rhizome. Ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with kidney effects in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Senator White wax begonia | Begonia semperflorens 'Senator White' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts; ingestion can cause intense oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| shamus begonia | Begonia × 'Shamus' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. Soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome, cause vomiting and salivation if eaten and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| silver jewel begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Silver Jewel' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Begonia contains soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Silver Limbo rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Silver Limbo' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Rex Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic part being the underground rhizome/tubers. Ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with kidney effects in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Silver Limbo Rex Begonia | Begonia 'Silver Limbo' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Begonia genus). The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tubers/rhizomes; ingestion causes oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| sophie cecile begonia | Begonia × 'Sophie Cecile' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers; ingestion can cause oral burning, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| sophie cane begonia | Begonia × 'Sophie' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. Soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts, cause vomiting and salivation if eaten, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| stained glass begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Stained Glass' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Begonia contains soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, salivation, vomiting, and kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Thurston begonia | Begonia 'Thurstonii' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts; ingestion may cause mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting, and swallowing difficulty. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| tiger paws begonia | Begonia bowerae 'Tiger Paws' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, salivation, and vomiting, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. |
| tiny gem begonia | Begonia × 'Tiny Gem' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome. Ingestion causes mouth irritation, drooling and vomiting; grazing animals risk kidney damage. Keep this small, accessible plant out of reach of pets. |
| Tom Ment begonia | Begonia 'Tom Ment' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome, are the toxic principle. Ingestion can cause mouth burning, drooling, and vomiting. Keep this cultivar away from pets and contact a vet if any part is chewed. |
| torch begonia | Begonia × 'Torch' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.), which includes this angel-wing hybrid, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground in the roots and rhizome. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| U491 begonia | Begonia 'U491' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizomes and tubers. Chewing causes oral irritation, salivation and vomiting. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Varsity Red wax begonia | Begonia semperflorens 'Varsity Red' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses owing to soluble calcium oxalates, which are most concentrated below ground. Chewing any part can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| wightii begonia | Begonia × 'Wightii' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts (tubers/rhizomes). Ingestion typically causes vomiting and oral irritation/salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| withlacoochee begonia | Begonia × 'Withlacoochee' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. Soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome, cause vomiting and salivation if eaten and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Zip Code begonia | Begonia 'Zip Code' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers and rhizomes. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense salivation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Zip miniature begonia | Begonia 'Zip' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers/rhizome; ingestion can cause intense mouth burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| beefsteak begonia | Begonia × erythrophylla | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Begonia contains soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, salivation, vomiting, and kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Cocktail Vodka Begonia | Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum 'Cocktail Vodka' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground in the roots. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting. Although fibrous-rooted wax begonias lack large tubers, treat the whole plant as toxic and keep it away from pets. |
| Dragon Wing Red Begonia | Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum 'Dragon Wing Red' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tubers and roots. Signs include oral irritation, intense salivation, and vomiting; large ingestions risk kidney damage in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| non-stop mocca white begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Non-Stop Mocca White' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tuber. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; large amounts in grazing animals can cause kidney failure. Keep the plant and stored tubers away from pets. |
| Nonstop Rose Begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Nonstop Rose' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic agent is soluble calcium oxalates, with the highest concentration in the tubers. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, and vomiting, and the tubers pose the greatest risk; keep stored tubers out of reach of pets. |
| Pin-Up Flame Begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida 'Pin-Up Flame' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tubers. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting; the tubers carry the greatest risk, so keep both plants and stored tubers away from pets. |
| Christmas candle begonia | Begonia aconitifolia | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground portions; ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep this cane begonia away from pets. |
| guinea-wing begonia | Begonia albopicta | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers; ingestion can cause oral burning, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Red Butterfly Begonia | Begonia amphioxus | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the tubers/underground parts being the most toxic. Ingestion can cause intense oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting (and kidney failure in grazing animals), so keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| palm-leaf rhizomatous begonia | Begonia carolineifolia | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.), which includes Begonia carolineifolia, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground in the rhizome and roots. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| green-spotted begonia | Begonia chlorosticta | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic part being the underground tubers/rhizome. Ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, and kidney effects in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| shell begonia | Begonia conchifolia | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tubers/underground parts; ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| climbing begonia | Begonia convolvulacea | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and oral irritation/salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Trailing stems are within pet reach, so site it carefully. |
| orange spot begonia | Begonia dichroa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts. Signs are vomiting and oral irritation/salivation in cats and dogs, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| maple-leaf begonia | Begonia dregei | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the swollen underground base; ingestion can cause oral burning, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| fierce begonia | Begonia ferox | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; chewing can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this collector's plant away from pets. |
| fern begonia | Begonia foliosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground portions; ingestion typically causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. |
| Gehrt's begonia | Begonia gehrtii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers/rhizome; ingestion can cause intense mouth burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if chewed. |
| fire king begonia | Begonia goegoensis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic part being the underground rhizome/tubers. Ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, with kidney effects in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| hardy begonia | Begonia grandis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Begonia contains soluble calcium oxalates, with the underground tubers being the most toxic part; ingestion causes oral irritation, salivation, vomiting, and kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Evans's hardy begonia | Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers, which on this species are especially prominent. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; large amounts can cause kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| hatacoa begonia | Begonia hatacoa | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizomes, causing vomiting and salivation if chewed and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| star begonia | Begonia heracleifolia | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Begonia contains soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| imperial begonia | Begonia imperialis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.), which includes Begonia imperialis, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated underground in the rhizome and roots. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| metallic leaf begonia | Begonia incarnata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts. Chewing can cause oral irritation, hypersalivation, and vomiting. Site it out of pets' reach and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| iron cross begonia | Begonia manicata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome. Ingestion causes oral irritation, hypersalivation, and vomiting. Keep this begonia out of pets' reach and seek veterinary advice if it is chewed. |
| maze begonia | Begonia mazae | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. |
| metallic-leaf begonia | Begonia metallica | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground portions; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. |
| tiny-seeded begonia | Begonia microsperma | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| marmorata lily-pad begonia | Begonia nelumbiifolia 'Marmorata' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting; grazing animals risk kidney failure. Keep the plant and any divided rhizome pieces away from pets. |
| lily pad begonia | Begonia nelumbiifolia | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the rhizome; ingestion causes oral irritation, salivation, and vomiting, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. |
| fragrant white begonia | Begonia odorata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses owing to soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers. Chewing causes intense oral irritation, hypersalivation, and vomiting. The fragrance does not make it pet-safe; keep out of reach and consult a vet if ingested. |
| partita begonia | Begonia partita | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts, including the swollen caudex base of this species. Signs are vomiting and oral irritation/salivation in cats and dogs, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. |
| peacock begonia | Begonia pavonina | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome. Ingestion causes mouth irritation, drooling and vomiting; grazing animals risk kidney injury. Although usually kept enclosed in a terrarium, keep it away from pets. |
| felt begonia | Begonia peltata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts; ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense mouth burning, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| orange-flowered begonia | Begonia prismatocarpa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Although usually grown in enclosed terrariums, keep it out of pets' reach. |
| blistered begonia | Begonia pustulata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.), which includes Begonia pustulata, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground in the rhizome and roots. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| kidney-shaped begonia | Begonia reniformis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts. Signs are vomiting and oral irritation/salivation in cats and dogs, with kidney failure possible in grazing animals. Keep this large plant where pets cannot chew it. |
| elephant ear begonia | Begonia scharffii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated in the underground tubers/rhizomes; ingestion causes vomiting and salivation, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| Schmidt's begonia | Begonia schmidtiana | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.), which includes Begonia schmidtiana, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground in the roots. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Sizemore's begonia | Begonia sizemoreae | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic part underground (rhizome/tubers). Signs of ingestion include vomiting and salivation, with kidney effects in grazing animals. Keep away from pets. |
| heart-leaf begonia | Begonia solananthera | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated in the underground parts, are the toxic principle. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, and vomiting. Hang or site it where pets cannot reach the trailing stems, and contact a vet if chewed. |
| bamboo begonia | Begonia stipulacea | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.), which includes Begonia stipulacea, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated underground in the roots and rhizome. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| hairy begonia | Begonia subvillosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts; ingestion may cause mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| sutherland's begonia | Begonia sutherlandii | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Begonia contains soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tuber; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Rajah Begonia | Begonia rajah | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle and the highest concentration in the rhizomes/tubers. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. Treat this species, like all begonias, as unsafe around pets. |
| Belgian endive | Cichorium intybus var. foliosum 'Witloof' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cichorium intybus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a verified pet-safe label cannot be assigned. Ingesting the leaves or chicons may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. |
| Belize sage | Salvia miniata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia as a genus is listed on the ASPCA Non-Toxic Plant List for both cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for S. miniata. |
| Bell Cotyledon | Cotyledon campanulata | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon species contain bufadienolides (cotyledontoxin) and are listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms of ingestion include muscle tremors, weakness, and potential cardiac effects. Keep all Cotyledon species away from pets. |
| Bell heather | Erica cinerea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica (heather) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported in the genus for dogs, cats, or horses. The plant is widely grown in pet-accessible gardens without recorded issues. |
| Bell Heather | Erica cinerea 'C.D. Eason' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erica cinerea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as either toxic or confirmed non-toxic. As the ASPCA does not explicitly confirm it safe, and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. |
| sweet pepper | Capsicum annuum | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Capsicum annuum foliage as mildly toxic to cats and dogs due to solanine; ripe fruit is safe in moderation. |
| Bell pitcher plant | Nepenthes campanulata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes campanulata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No significant toxic compounds have been reported for this species; the classification 'mildly-toxic' is applied as a precautionary measure given the absence of a formal ASPCA non-toxic listing. Mild gastrointestinal upset is the most likely outcome if plant material is ingested by pets. |
| Pacaya Palm | Chamaedorea tepejilote | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Chamaedorea genus (parlour and bamboo palm) is verified on the ASPCA non-toxic database; the edible young inflorescence of this species is even consumed by people. Do not confuse it with the toxic sago palm, an unrelated cycad. |
| Belladonna larkspur | Delphinium x belladonna | flowering | Toxic | All parts of the Belladonna hybrid group contain diterpene alkaloids and are toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per the ASPCA (genus Delphinium is listed toxic). Sap can cause skin and eye irritation; always wear gloves when handling. Ingestion may cause salivation, muscle weakness, and respiratory failure in severe cases. |
| Bellflower codonopsis | Codonopsis vinciflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Codonopsis species are not listed by ASPCA. The genus belongs to Campanulaceae; some members contain alkaloids and saponins. In the absence of confirmed pet-safe status, this plant should be treated as mildly toxic: prevent cats and dogs from chewing the roots or foliage and seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Bellhop Plant | Origanum rotundifolium | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists marjoram (Origanum majorana) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) as mildly toxic to dogs and cats, causing gastrointestinal upset via irritant essential oils. Origanum rotundifolium is in the same genus and has a similar chemistry; it is not individually listed by the ASPCA but should be treated with the same caution. Keep pets from grazing on it. |
| Bellina moth orchid | Phalaenopsis bellina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phalaenopsis bellina is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists the genus Phalaenopsis (Moth/Moon Orchid, Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and the genus is clean. Treat as pet-safe; ingesting plant material can still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with a vet if a pet is affected. |
| Ben Sarek blackcurrant | Ribes nigrum 'Ben Sarek' | edible | Mildly toxic | Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) is not individually listed in the ASPCA non-toxic or toxic plant database, so its pet status is treated as uncertain; handle with caution and verify with a vet. The grape/raisin (and dried 'Zante currant') toxicity warning refers to an unrelated grapevine product, not true Ribes; safety here is not ASPCA-confirmed. |
| Benary's Giant Coral zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Benary's Giant Coral' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia species are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. 'Benary's Giant Coral', as a Zinnia elegans cultivar, is considered safe for households with pets. |
| Benedict's Dragon Orchid | Dracula benedictii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dracula is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus belongs to Orchidaceae with no known toxic principles. The closely related Masdevallia ('Tailed Orchid') is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds are reported for Dracula species; mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| red wind hakone grass | Hakonechloa macra 'Beni-kaze' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hakonechloa macra is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as with most grasses, nibbling the coarse blades may cause mild stomach upset, vomiting, or drooling. |
| Bent Alligator Flag | Thalia geniculata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Thalia geniculata is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Marantaceae family to which it belongs has no confirmed toxic principle, and closely related genera (Maranta, Calathea) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. No documented cases of pet or livestock toxicity have been reported in the literature. As a precaution, discourage pets from grazing on pond margin plants, as ingestion of plant material in quantity could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Bent Enkianthus | Enkianthus deflexus | flowering | Toxic | All Enkianthus species are members of the Ericaceae family and contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins). Ingestion by cats or dogs causes vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, weakness, and CNS depression; as few as two leaves can cause serious toxicosis in small animals. Seek immediate veterinary attention if ingestion is suspected. |
| Bent Masdevallia | Masdevallia infracta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Masdevallia orchids are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The genus belongs to Orchidaceae, which has no known toxic principles harmful to pets. |
| Bent Trillium | Trillium flexipes | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium flexipes is not individually listed by the ASPCA on its Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As with other Trillium species, roots and berries are considered the most likely source of irritating steroidal saponins. Keep pets and children from ingesting any part. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) or a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Beoley Gold Heather | Calluna vulgaris 'Beoley Gold' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris cultivars including 'Beoley Gold' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxic principles affecting dogs or cats. |
| many-headed bergeranthus | Bergeranthus multiceps | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Bergeranthus multiceps is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is treated as uncertain — verify with a vet before trusting it around curious pets. Closely related Aizoaceae genera that ARE listed (Ice Plant/Lampranthus, Dinteranthus) are ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, but without a species-level entry we will not assert pet-safe. |
| Berggarten sage | Salvia officinalis 'Berggarten' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Garden sage (Salvia officinalis) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, so the whole plant is safe for pets to be around and to nibble. Note that concentrated sage essential oil is far stronger and should not be applied to or ingested by pets. |
| Berlandier's Jatropha | Jatropha berlandieri | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Jatropha berlandieri are toxic. The genus Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) contains curcin (a ricin-like toxalbumin), purgative diterpenoid esters, and irritant latex. Ingestion causes severe gastrointestinal distress, vomiting, and potential hepatic injury. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center has documented Jatropha genus toxicosis cases. Handle with gloves; keep away from pets and children. |
| Berry Smoothie coral bells | Heuchera 'Berry Smoothie' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Heuchera/coral bells, also listed as alumroot). As with any plant, eating a large amount may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Bertero's Guzmania | Guzmania berteroniana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania berteroniana belongs to Bromeliaceae, considered non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No clinically significant toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Spotted bertolonia | Bertolonia maculata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Bertolonia (as Mosaic Plant, Bertolonia mosaica, Melastomataceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so this same-genus species is regarded as pet-safe. B. maculata is not individually named, so still discourage chewing and contact a vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| jewel plant | Bertolonia marmorata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bertolonia marmorata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its close relative Bertolonia mosaica (Mosaic Plant / Jewel Plant, family Melastomataceae) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so the genus is treated as pet-safe. No toxic principle is reported; as always, discourage pets from chewing any houseplant. If unsure, verify with a vet. |
| yellow besleria | Besleria lutea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Besleria lutea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Besleria has no established toxic principle on record; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| Besom heath | Erica scoparia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica scoparia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in the Erica genus, and besom heath is generally considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in sensitive animals. |
| Betel Leaf | Piper betle | tropical | Mildly toxic | Piper betle is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. The leaves contain hydroxychavicol, eugenol, and chavibetol; while used by humans in traditional preparations, these phenolic compounds may cause gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs. Keep out of reach of pets; not considered severely toxic but caution is warranted. |
| Beth pear | Pyrus communis 'Beth' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus (pear) fruit and leaves are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The seeds contain trace amygdalin (cyanogenic glycoside) and should not be consumed in large quantities by pets or people, but the fruit flesh is safe. No toxic principle reported for the foliage. |
| Beth pear | Pyrus communis 'Beth' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pear (Pyrus) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is treated as uncertain — verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. As with its close relative apple, pear seeds and foliage contain cyanogenic glycosides; the ripe flesh is generally harmless, but keep prunings, leaves and crushed seeds away from pets. |
| Bethencourt's Aichryson | Aichryson bethencourtianum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aichryson is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Crassulaceae, a family that includes both toxic genera (Crassula/jade, Kalanchoe, Cotyledon) and non-toxic genera (Echeveria, Sedum). No specific toxic principle has been documented for Aichryson, but given the family context and the absence of a confirmed non-toxic listing, caution is advised. Keep away from pets and children until individual confirmation is available. |
| wood betony | Stachys betonica | herb | Mildly toxic | Betony is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe status cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No notable toxic principle is documented and it has a long human medicinal history, but its tannin content can irritate the digestive tract, and large ingestion of any plant may cause vomiting or gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| River Birch | Betula nigra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Betula nigra is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Bark and foliage are generally regarded as low risk, but chewing may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage ingestion. |
| Silver Birch | Betula pendula | flowering | Mildly toxic | Betula pendula is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Bark and twigs are widely regarded as low risk, but chewing may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage ingestion. |
| Young's Weeping Birch | Betula pendula 'Youngii' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Betula is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Bark and foliage are generally considered low risk, but chewing may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage ingestion. |
| Himalayan Birch | Betula utilis var. jacquemontii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Betula is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Bark and foliage are generally regarded as low risk but may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed, so discourage ingestion. |
| Beuvron Dwarf Scots Pine | Pinus sylvestris 'Beuvronensis' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pinus sylvestris under 'Pine' as toxic to cats; ingestion of pine needles can cause liver damage, potentially progressing to liver failure in cats. Resinous compounds including isocupressic acid are implicated. Dogs may experience vomiting and lethargy. Keep cats away from fallen needles, particularly after pruning. Contact a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| fanged pitcher plant | Nepenthes bicalcarata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA (only the unrelated Darlingtonia californica, the California pitcher plant, appears there, as non-toxic). Status for this species is therefore unverified — treat with caution, as ingested foliage or pitcher fluid may cause mild GI upset. Keep out of reach of pets and consult a vet if eaten rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Bicolor Barrenwort | Epimedium x versicolor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The genus has no well-documented toxic principle for pets, but the active compound icariin (a phytoestrogen-like flavonoid) could cause mild gastrointestinal upset if large quantities are consumed. Treat with caution around pets and children; no severe toxicity is reported in the literature. |
| Bicolor St Dabeoc's heath | Daboecia cantabrica 'Bicolor' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daboecia cantabrica 'Bicolor' is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for the Daboecia genus. As with all ornamental plants, ingestion in large quantities may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Bidy Gonzales Bidens | Bidens ferulifolia 'Bidy Gonzales' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded: Bidens/tickseed (and the closely related Coreopsis it is sold alongside) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Bidens ferulifolia has no reported toxic effects. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Campfire Fireburst Bidens | Bidens ferulifolia 'Campfire Fireburst' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded: Bidens/tickseed (and related Coreopsis) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no reported toxic effects for Bidens ferulifolia. Ingestion may still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| big bluestem | Andropogon gerardii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Andropogon gerardii is a member of the grass family Poaceae. Grasses contain no known toxic principles for dogs or cats, and big bluestem has a long history of safe grazing by livestock across the North American prairies. Not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. |
| Big red sage | Salvia penstemonoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| Big-Flowered Catmint | Nepeta grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta grandiflora is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the non-toxic Nepeta genus with no known toxic principles. Based on genus-level ASPCA guidance, it is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Bigcone Douglas Fir | Pseudotsuga macrocarpa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pseudotsuga (Douglas fir) species are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The genus has no documented toxic principle to dogs or cats; the large cones and needles are not considered a poisoning hazard. |
| Nikko Blue Mophead | Hydrangea macrophylla 'Nikko Blue' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaves, buds and flowers contain cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion of significant amounts can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, rarely, more serious cyanide-related signs. |
| Bigleaf Magnolia | Magnolia macrophylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Magnolia as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Magnolia macrophylla is not individually listed by ASPCA but shares the non-toxic classification of the genus. |
| Bignay | Antidesma bunius | tropical | Mildly toxic | Antidesma bunius is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status for cats and dogs is unverified. Phytochemical studies report a toxic alkaloid in the bark and roots, so treat the plant as cautionary and verify with a vet; keep pets from chewing bark, roots or foliage. |
| bilberry | Vaccinium myrtillus | edible | Mildly toxic | Vaccinium myrtillus is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; the genus carries no recognised systemic toxin and the berries are a human food, but ingestion of plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Bilimbi | Averrhoa bilimbi | tropical | Toxic | Averrhoa bilimbi is not listed by the ASPCA, but like its close relative carambola it is in a genus documented to contain high levels of soluble oxalic acid/oxalates (bilimbi fruit is among the most acidic of edible fruits) and related toxins. Ingestion risks gastrointestinal upset, low blood calcium and kidney injury in pets; keep fruit and trimmings away from animals and verify with a vet. |
| fantasia bromeliad | Billbergia 'Fantasia' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Billbergia is a bromeliad, and the ASPCA lists bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad (Neoregelia) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the family contains no insoluble calcium oxalates. The real hazard is mechanical: the stiff, finely toothed leaf margins can scratch a curious pet, and overeating may cause mild stomach upset. |
| lovely billbergia | Billbergia amoena | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Billbergia is a non-toxic bromeliad genus; the ASPCA lists bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Billbergia species are confirmed non-toxic. The leaf margins carry small teeth that can scratch, so handle with care around pets. |
| summer torch | Billbergia pyramidalis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA classifies bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Billbergia — including the well-documented Billbergia nutans (Queen's Tears) — falls within this non-toxic family. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus and family are non-toxic. The leaf margins bear small spines, so the main risk is physical scratching, not poisoning. |
| Venezuelan billbergia | Billbergia venezuelana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA classifies bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Billbergia — including the well-documented Billbergia nutans (Queen's Tears) — belongs to this non-toxic family. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus and family are non-toxic. Its spiny leaf margins mean the only meaningful hazard is mechanical scratching, not poisoning. |
| zebra urn | Billbergia zebrina | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA classifies bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Billbergia — including the well-documented Billbergia nutans (Queen's Tears) — sits within this non-toxic family. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus and family are non-toxic. Its spiny leaf margins mean the only real hazard is mechanical scratching, not poisoning. |
| Billy buttons | Craspedia globosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Craspedia globosa is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. It belongs to the Asteraceae family, which includes known toxins such as chrysanthemums. Some sources report potential toxicity to cats and horses. Given the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, caution is advised around pets; keep out of reach as a precaution. |
| birchleaf spirea | Spiraea betulifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Spiraea spp. as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Spiraea betulifolia contains no documented toxic compounds. |
| crane flower | Strelitzia reginae | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Strelitzia reginae as toxic to cats and dogs. Symptoms include nausea, drowsiness, and digestive upset. |
| Bird-in-a-bush | Corydalis solida | flowering | Toxic | Corydalis species contain isoquinoline alkaloids (including bulbocapnine and corydaline) that are toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Corydalis species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion can cause vomiting, sedation, tremors, and ataxia. All parts of the plant should be considered toxic. |
| Bird's Foot Fern | Pellaea mucronata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pellaea mucronata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The closely related Pellaea rotundifolia (cliff brake) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Because P. mucronata itself has not received individual ASPCA confirmation, it is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic. Consult a vet if a pet ingests this plant. |
| bird's nest anthurium | Anthurium superbum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides that, when chewed, cause oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children and wash hands after handling damaged leaves or sap. |
| Bird's Nest Bromeliad | Nidularium innocentii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nidularium is in Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Nidularium innocentii is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principle is identified in the genus, and ASPCA bromeliad guidance supports a pet-safe classification. |
| Bird's nest fern | Asplenium nidus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Regarded as safe around cats and dogs. Asplenium nidus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but its close relative in the same genus and family (Aspleniaceae), the Mother Fern, Asplenium bulbiferum, is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, and true ferns generally contain no recognised toxic principle. As with any houseplant, nibbling fronds may still cause mild, transient stomach upset or vomiting, so discourage grazing. |
| Crested bird's nest fern | Asplenium nidus 'Crissie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bird's nest fern (Asplenium nidus) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list and contains no toxic principle such as calcium oxalates; the 'Crissie' cultivar shares this status. Nibbling may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset from fibre, not poisoning. |
| Wavy bird's nest fern | Asplenium nidus 'Osaka' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bird's nest fern (Asplenium nidus) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list with no toxic principle such as calcium oxalates, and the 'Osaka' cultivar shares this status. Eating a little may cause only mild stomach upset from fibre rather than poisoning. |
| Wavy bird's nest fern | Asplenium nidus 'Victoria' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bird's nest fern (Asplenium nidus) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list and contains no toxic principle such as calcium oxalates; the 'Victoria' cultivar shares this status. Ingesting a little may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset from fibre, not poisoning. |
| Bird's Nest Spruce | Picea abies 'Nidiformis' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spruce (Picea) is not on the ASPCA's list of plants toxic to dogs and cats, and contains no recognised toxic principle. Treated as non-toxic; however, ingested needles are sharp and can cause mild mechanical irritation or stomach upset, so discourage chewing. If a large amount is eaten, monitor for GI signs. |
| Bird's Nest Spruce | Picea abies 'Nidiformis' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Picea abies (Norway spruce) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. 'Nidiformis' is a cultivar of Norway spruce and shares the same non-toxic status; ingestion of small amounts of needles is unlikely to cause more than minor mechanical irritation. |
| Bird's-nest Orchid | Neottia nidus-avis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Neottia nidus-avis is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic and no specific toxic compounds have been identified in the literature. However, as a near-threatened wild orchid that cannot be cultivated, the absence of toxicity data means it cannot be confidently classified as pet-safe; classified here as mildly-toxic out of caution. |
| Birdcatcher Parlour Palm | Chamaedorea geonomiformis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Chamaedorea species (under common names including Parlor Palm and Bamboo Palm) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are identified. |
| Biriba | Rollinia mucosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rollinia mucosa is not individually listed by ASPCA. Multiple botanical databases document 'no known hazards', and the fruit is widely consumed across tropical South America. No toxic alkaloids or glycosides have been identified in this species. As a general precaution, prevent pets from consuming unripe fruit or seeds in large quantities. |
| Birthwort pitcher plant | Nepenthes aristolochioides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes aristolochioides is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no documented toxic principle harmful to cats or dogs has been identified for this species. However, the common name references Aristolochia, a genuinely toxic genus (aristolochic acids); N. aristolochioides is NOT related to Aristolochia — the name refers to visual resemblance only. Out of caution, this species is classified as mildly-toxic; if a pet ingests plant material, contact a vet. |
| Bishop Heliconia | Heliconia episcopalis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia episcopalis is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle is documented for this genus. Ingestion of foliage or bract material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, nausea) in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. |
| Bishop of Llandaff Dahlia | Dahlia pinnata 'Bishop of Llandaff' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia species as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion may result in mild gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy). Sap contact can cause skin irritation. Not considered a severe poisoning risk, but keep pets away from tubers and foliage. |
| Bishop's cap cactus | Astrophytum myriostigma | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Astrophytum carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Bishop's flower | Ammi majus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ammi majus contains furanocoumarins (psoralens) which are photosensitising compounds — contact with the sap followed by UV exposure can cause phytophotodermatitis (skin blistering) in humans and animals. The ASPCA does not individually list Ammi majus, but furancoumarin-containing Apiaceae species are generally considered mildly hazardous. Wear gloves when handling; keep pets from chewing large amounts of foliage. |
| Silver Bismarck Palm | Bismarckia nobilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bismarckia nobilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Discourage pets from chewing the large, stiff fronds, which can also cause mechanical irritation. |
| Bisset's Bamboo | Phyllostachys bissetii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys bissetii is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True bamboos have no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Biting Porroglossum | Porroglossum mordax | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Porroglossum mordax belongs to Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA recognises as non-toxic across many genera. Porroglossum is not individually ASPCA-listed, but no toxic principle is documented for the genus or its close Pleurothallidinae relatives. Exercise normal caution. |
| bitter melon | Momordica charantia | edible | Mildly toxic | Momordica charantia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ripe (orange) fruit, red seed arils, and outer rind contain cucurbitacins and momordicin compounds that can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in pets, and the plant's blood-sugar-lowering compounds add risk. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Bitter Vetch | Lathyrus linifolius | flowering | Mildly toxic | The Lathyrus genus contains toxic amino acids (lathyrogens, including beta-aminopropionitrile/BAPN) concentrated especially in the seeds. ASPCA lists Lathyrus latifolius (perennial sweet pea) as non-toxic to cats and dogs but toxic to horses. L. linifolius is expected to share this profile; large seed ingestion could cause gastrointestinal upset or, in horses, neurological signs (lathyrism). Pets should be prevented from grazing the seeds. |
| bitternut hickory | Carya cordiformis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Bitternut (Carya cordiformis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As with all hickories, whole nuts pose a choking and GI-obstruction risk, and moldy fallen nuts can harbour tremorgenic mycotoxins, so clear decaying nuts from pet areas. |
| Bitterroot | Lewisia rediviva | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lewisia rediviva (Bitterroot) is in the family Montiaceae. While the roots were historically eaten by Native American peoples after preparation (raw roots are bitter due to saponins), the plant is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Considered safe around pets in a garden context. |
| Bitterroot Lewisia | Lewisia cotyledon | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lewisia cotyledon is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Montiaceae (formerly Portulacaceae), a family with no documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. Considered safe. |
| Black Ash | Fraxinus nigra | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fraxinus nigra is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. No toxic principle has been documented in this species. The wood, bark, and leaves pose no known poisoning risk to companion animals. |
| Black Ball cornflower | Centaurea cyanus 'Black Ball' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Centaurea cyanus cultivars, including 'Black Ball', follow the same ASPCA non-toxic classification as the species. No toxic principles have been documented in dogs or cats. |
| Black Bamboo | Phyllostachys nigra | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys nigra is non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses according to ASPCA guidance on true bamboo genera. It is a true bamboo (Poaceae family) with no known toxic principles. Not to be confused with 'lucky bamboo' (Dracaena sanderiana), which is a different plant and mildly toxic to pets. |
| Black Beauty eggplant | Solanum melongena 'Black Beauty' | edible | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Solanum genus (nightshades) as toxic, and the green parts of aubergine — leaves, stems and unripe fruit — contain solanine and related glycoalkaloids. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, in larger amounts, neurological signs. Cooked ripe fruit is generally tolerated, but keep pets away from the foliage. |
| Black Beauty Elderberry | Sambucus nigra 'Black Beauty' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Raw elderberries, elderflowers, bark, leaves, and roots of Sambucus nigra contain sambunigrin and cyanogenic glycosides, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea in dogs, cats, and humans if consumed in quantity. ASPCA lists Sambucus as toxic to dogs and cats. Ripe, cooked berries are used in human food products, but raw plant material should be kept away from pets. |
| Black Calla Lily | Zantedeschia 'Black Star' | flowering | Toxic | All Zantedeschia hybrids, including 'Black Star', belong to Araceae and contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphide crystals throughout all plant parts. Ingestion by cats, dogs, or humans causes immediate oral irritation, intense burning sensation, drooling, vomiting, and swelling. ASPCA lists Zantedeschia (calla lily) as toxic to cats and dogs. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Black Cardamom | Amomum subulatum | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. The aromatic essential oils (particularly 1,8-cineole and camphor) present in the pods and foliage may irritate the digestive tract of cats and dogs if consumed, potentially causing vomiting, diarrhoea, or excessive salivation. Cardamom essential oil is highly concentrated and should be kept well away from pets. Consult a vet if ingestion of significant quantities occurs. |
| Black Cherry tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Black Cherry' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Solanine in the green leaves, stems and unripe fruit is the toxic principle; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and weakness. Ripe fruit is low in solanine, but keep pets away from the plant and green fruit. |
| black chokeberry | Aronia melanocarpa | edible | Mildly toxic | Aronia (chokeberry) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so large quantities of raw, crushed fruit or chewed plant material could cause gastrointestinal upset. Note this is botanically distinct from the ASPCA-listed toxic 'Choke Cherry' (Prunus virginiana). |
| Black Cohosh | Actaea racemosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | All parts of Actaea racemosa contain triterpene glycosides and may cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by pets or humans. The ASPCA does not individually list this species, but the Ranunculaceae family is broadly considered irritating. Keep away from pets and children; the rhizome is used medicinally but is toxic in large doses. |
| Black crowberry | Empetrum nigrum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Empetrum nigrum (black crowberry) is not listed as toxic to pets by the ASPCA. The berries are consumed by birds, bears, and humans across the Arctic and Scandinavia without reported toxicity. No known toxic principles have been identified. As with any novel food, monitor pets and consult a vet if large quantities are ingested. |
| Black currant | Ribes nigrum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes nigrum (black currant) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The berries are edible for humans and the plant has no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. The pungent aromatic foliage is generally unappealing to pets. |
| Black Fang begonia | Begonia 'Black Fang' | houseplant | Toxic | Begonia 'Black Fang' is part of the Begonia genus, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to both cats and dogs. The plant contains soluble calcium oxalates concentrated in the rhizome and roots; if ingested, these cause immediate oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in pets. |
| Black Gold clog plant | Nematanthus 'Black Gold' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nematanthus 'Black Gold' is a hybrid within the genus Nematanthus (family Gesneriaceae). ASPCA lists goldfish plants (Nematanthus sp.) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. |
| Black Gold Goldfish Plant | Nematanthus 'Black Gold' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nematanthus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants). All species of Nematanthus are considered safe for pets. |
| Black Gram | Vigna mungo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vigna mungo is a widely consumed food crop with no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. The genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Cooked black gram dal is safe for pets in small amounts; raw beans contain lectins and should not be fed in large quantities to animals. |
| black hickory | Carya texana | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Carya (hickory) genus is uniformly listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with named species such as pignut and shagbark explicitly on the non-toxic list; black hickory falls under this non-toxic genus. As with all hickories, whole nuts are a choking/GI-obstruction hazard and moldy nuts can carry tremorgenic mycotoxins, so keep fallen nuts from pets. |
| Black Knight scabiosa | Scabiosa atropurpurea 'Black Knight' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scabiosa atropurpurea 'Black Knight', in common with the species, is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are reported in Scabiosa. Considered safe around cats, dogs, and horses. |
| black lily magnolia | Magnolia liliiflora 'Nigra' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Magnolia liliiflora 'Nigra' is a cultivar of Magnolia liliiflora, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are associated with this cultivar. |
| Black Medick | Medicago lupulina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Medicago lupulina is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs on the ASPCA database; black medick is widely grazed by livestock without ill effect and is classified as non-toxic to domestic pets. Like many legumes it contains minor saponins, but at normal forage levels these present no meaningful risk. |
| black mondo grass | Ophiopogon planiscapus 'Nigrescens' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Ophiopogon as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Black Mondo Grass | Ophiopogon planiscapus 'Nigrescens' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ophiopogon is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic, and the USDA has no formal toxic classification for it. However, isolated reports of pets experiencing mild gastrointestinal upset after ingestion exist. The berries are considered mildly irritating. Treat with caution around dogs and cats and keep out of reach of children. |
| black mulberry | Morus nigra | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Morus sp., family Moraceae). The milky sap and unripe fruit can cause mild digestive upset in quantity for both people and pets, so harvest only fully ripe, deeply coloured berries. |
| Black Oak | Quercus velutina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like all Quercus species, Black Oak acorns, leaves, and bark contain tannins and gallic acid toxic to dogs, cats, and horses if ingested in quantity. The ASPCA lists oak (Quercus spp.) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing gastrointestinal distress and potentially kidney damage with large ingestion. Fallen acorns pose the primary risk to pets. |
| Black Olive Bonsai | Bucida buceras | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bucida buceras (also classified as Terminalia buceras) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be called pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not known to be significantly toxic, but unlisted status means ingestion of foliage should be discouraged. |
| Black Pagoda | Aeschynanthus longicaulis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aeschynanthus (lipstick plant) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Eating large amounts of any plant can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| Black Pepper | Piper nigrum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Piper nigrum (black pepper) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Black pepper used in culinary amounts is generally recognised as safe; however, the plant's volatile compounds (piperine) may cause sneezing or mild nasal irritation if pets chew on the foliage or berries in quantity. Not a veterinary concern at typical exposure levels. |
| Black Hens and Chicks | Echeveria 'Black Prince' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Echeveria (the ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria, with species such as E. glauca and E. elegans, as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses). As with any plant, eating a large amount may cause mild, passing stomach upset, so discourage grazing. |
| Black Prince snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Black Prince' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antirrhinum majus is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. 'Black Prince' as a cultivar of A. majus carries the same non-toxic status. Ingestion of foliage or flowers may cause mild, self-limiting GI upset in sensitive pets. |
| black raspberry | Rubus occidentalis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Raspberry (Rubus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ripe fruit is safe for pets in moderation, with no toxic principle reported for the canes, foliage or berries. |
| Ben Lomond blackcurrant | Ribes nigrum 'Ben Lomond' | edible | Mildly toxic | Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) is not individually listed in the ASPCA non-toxic or toxic plant database, so its status is treated as uncertain; handle with caution and verify with a vet. Note the wider grape/raisin (including dried 'Zante currant') concern is a separate, unrelated plant; true Ribes berries are generally considered low risk, but pet-safety is not ASPCA-confirmed. |
| Black Rose Aeonium | Aeonium 'Zwartkop' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium cultivars including 'Zwartkop' are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea. The toxic constituent is not specifically identified. |
| Black Rose | Aeonium arboreum 'Zwartkop' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive ASPCA-grounded safe label cannot be given. It is widely regarded in horticulture as non-toxic, but because it is not ASPCA-confirmed, treat with caution, keep it out of pets' reach, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Black sage | Salvia mellifera | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia as a genus is listed on the ASPCA Non-Toxic Plant List for both cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for S. mellifera. |
| Black sapote | Diospyros nigra | tropical | Mildly toxic | Diospyros nigra is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related persimmon (Diospyros) is generally regarded as causing digestive upset in pets, and unripe black sapote fruit is intensely astringent and bitter from tannins. Treat as potentially harmful, keep unripe fruit and seeds away from pets, and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Black Scallop Bugle | Ajuga reptans 'Black Scallop' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ajuga reptans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but iridoid glycosides present in the genus may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in dogs and cats if consumed. Not considered severely toxic, but ingestion of large quantities should be avoided. |
| Black sedge | Carex nigra | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex nigra is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database for dogs or cats. Sedges (Cyperaceae family) are not known to contain toxic principles harmful to pets. As a wetland native, it is widely used in wildlife and naturalistic gardens and is not associated with any reports of animal poisoning. |
| Black Seed | Nigella sativa | herb | Mildly toxic | Nigella sativa is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so a definitive pet-safe rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The seeds contain thymoquinone, which has been flagged as a concern for cats in larger amounts, so keep significant ingestion away from pets. |
| Black Spanish radish | Raphanus sativus 'Black Spanish Round' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Roots are safe in small amounts; the peppery leaves and large quantities may cause mild GI upset, and horseradish (a different plant) should not be confused with it. |
| Black Spleenwort | Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. PFAF notes that a number of ferns as a class may contain carcinogens and thiaminase (a vitamin B-depleting enzyme); until this species is individually evaluated, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is appropriate. The closely related Asplenium bulbiferum is non-toxic per ASPCA, but cross-species extrapolation is not confirmable. |
| Black Spruce | Picea mariana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Picea mariana is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. Spruce needles may cause mild GI irritation if large quantities are ingested due to their physical nature, not chemical toxicity. Considered pet-safe. |
| Black Tree Fern | Cyathea medullaris | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyathea medullaris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Cyatheaceae tree ferns have no documented toxic compounds. However, the pith of mamaku fronds was a traditional Māori food source, suggesting low general toxicity. |
| Black Turmeric | Kaempferia parviflora | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the genus Kaempferia as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The rhizome is used medicinally in humans; while minor GI upset is possible if pets consume large quantities of plant material, it is not considered toxic. |
| Black Turtle Bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Black Turtle' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phaseolus vulgaris beans are edible crops. Raw dried beans contain phytohaemagglutinin lectins toxic to humans if undercooked, but ASPCA does not list P. vulgaris as toxic to cats or dogs. Fresh green plants in the garden pose no significant hazard to pets. |
| Black Velvet Anthurium | Anthurium papillilaminum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium papillilaminum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is an aroid (Araceae), and the ASPCA lists Anthurium (as A. scherzeranum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and swelling; keep it away from pets and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| eastern black walnut | Juglans nigra | edible | Toxic | Juglans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but black walnut is a well-documented animal hazard. Moldy nuts and hulls carry tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) that cause tremors, seizures and vomiting in dogs; the fatty kernels also risk GI upset and pancreatitis. Black walnut wood shavings cause laminitis in horses, and juglone is broadly toxic. Keep fallen nuts, hulls and shavings away from pets and livestock; consult a vet on ingestion. |
| Sparks 147 black walnut | Juglans nigra 'Sparks 147' | edible | Toxic | Black walnut (Juglans nigra) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic. Moldy nuts and hulls can produce tremorgenic mycotoxins such as penitrem A, causing tremors, seizures and incoordination in dogs; the roots, bark, wood, pollen and nuts are highly toxic to horses, causing laminitis and colic, with even shavings unsafe as bedding. Keep pets and horses away from fallen nuts, husks and walnut wood. |
| Thomas black walnut | Juglans nigra 'Thomas' | edible | Toxic | Black walnut (Juglans nigra) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic. Moldy nuts and hulls can produce tremorgenic mycotoxins such as penitrem A, causing tremors, seizures and incoordination in dogs; the roots, bark, wood, pollen and nuts are highly toxic to horses, triggering laminitis and colic, and even wood shavings are dangerous. Keep pets and horses away from fallen nuts, hulls and walnut bedding. |
| Black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rudbeckia (black-eyed Susan) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so an authoritative pet-safe label cannot be confirmed. The plant contains sesquiterpene lactones and has bristly, hairy stems and leaves that can irritate skin, mouth and paws; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| black-eyed Susan vine | Thunbergia alata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thunbergia alata is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Thunbergia species appears on it, so the genus cannot be confirmed safe. Some pet-toxicity references note possible mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed; treat as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Note this is the vine, not the unrelated Rudbeckia hirta also called black-eyed Susan. |
| Black-headed fountain grass | Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Moudry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pennisetum alopecuroides is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Note that the sharp, spiny seed awns of 'Moudry' can physically irritate skin, eyes, and ears, and seeds can become embedded in fur. |
| nodding melic | Melica nutans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Melica nutans is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, and the genus Melica has no specific ASPCA entry, so it cannot be confidently labelled pet-safe. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. The likely hazard is mechanical, irritation from chewed blades or seed parts, rather than any documented chemical toxin. |
| Black-stemmed Spleenwort | Asplenium resiliens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No toxic principles are known for Asplenium. The ASPCA lists other Asplenium species as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A. resiliens belongs to the same genus with the same biochemical profile; no reports of toxicity exist. |
| Triple Crown blackberry | Rubus fruticosus 'Triple Crown' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Rubus (blackberry/raspberry) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Berries and leaves are not poisonous, though large quantities of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| blackhaw | Viburnum prunifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Black Haw (Viburnum) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and no Viburnum species appears on its toxic plant lists. The ripe blue-black fruit is even edible to people. As always, large amounts of plant material can cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Bladder Campion | Silene vulgaris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA. Contains saponins (as do all Caryophyllaceae); large-quantity ingestion may cause vomiting and diarrhoea in cats or dogs. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Bladder Cherry | Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii | flowering | Toxic | As a variety of Physalis alkekengi, which is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats, Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii carries the same risk. Green parts and unripe berries contain physalin and related steroidal lactones that cause gastrointestinal upset and potentially more serious effects in pets. Keep away from dogs and cats. |
| Bladder Cyphostemma | Cyphostemma uter | tropical | Mildly toxic | Cyphostemma uter is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus is a member of the Vitaceae (grape family). The foliage and grape-like fruit contain oxalic acid and are known to be toxic if ingested by humans or animals. Keep away from pets and children; consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Bladder-flowered wax plant | Hoya cystiantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies the Hoya genus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for Hoya cystiantha. As with all Hoyas, ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Bladderwort | Utricularia spp. | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Neither "Bladderwort" nor "Utricularia" appears on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its safety for cats and dogs is not formally established. Some growers report it as non-toxic, but because the ASPCA has not verified the genus, treat it as potentially mildly irritating, keep it out of reach, and consult your vet if a pet eats any. |
| Blanc Double de Coubert | Rosa 'Blanc Double de Coubert' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Rosa). No toxic principle is present in petals or foliage; the only concern is mechanical injury from the dense prickles and bristles. |
| Blanco's sage | Salvia blancoana | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Salvia blancoana belongs to the same genus and shares no known toxic principles. Ingestion of large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Blanka whitecurrant | Ribes rubrum 'Blanka' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Currant (Ribes rubrum) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the edible white currants and foliage carry no reported toxic principle. (This is the true edible currant Ribes, not a toxic ornamental look-alike.) |
| Blanket flower | Gaillardia x grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gaillardia spp. are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The genus has no confirmed toxic principles in the peer-reviewed veterinary toxicology literature. |
| blanket flower | Gaillardia aristata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaillardia is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic database, so pet status is unconfirmed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and stems contain sesquiterpene lactones that commonly cause contact dermatitis and skin/mouth irritation in sensitive people and pets handling or chewing the plant; wear gloves when cutting it back. |
| Blaze Improved | Rosa 'Blaze Improved' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species, family Rosaceae, no toxic principle identified). Thorny canes can cause physical injury, so keep low-trained growth clear of pet runs. |
| Chilean Hard Fern | Blechnum chilense | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. It is a true hard fern (Blechnaceae), and the ASPCA states most true ferns are non-toxic to cats and dogs, so the risk is low. Because the species and genus are not individually ASPCA-verified, treat with caution, discourage nibbling, and consult a vet if your pet eats any. |
| Browne's blechum | Blechum brownei | tropical | Mildly toxic | Blechum brownei (syn. Blechum pyramidatum) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and there is no established ASPCA genus ruling for Blechum. Without an authoritative safe listing, treat it as uncertain rather than pet-safe; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around cats and dogs. |
| Bleeding heart | Lamprocapnos spectabilis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Bleeding Heart (Lamprocapnos/Dicentra spectabilis) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is isoquinoline alkaloids; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and, in larger amounts, tremors, staggering and other neurological signs. Sap may also irritate skin. |
| Bleeding Heart | Dicentra spectabilis | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Dicentra spectabilis are toxic to cats and dogs (and mildly toxic to humans). The plant contains isoquinoline alkaloids — specifically protopine, allocryptopine, and related compounds — which act as GABA antagonists. Ingestion can cause trembling, staggering, vomiting, diarrhoea, laboured breathing, and in larger doses, seizures. Toxicity risk is higher in small-breed dogs and cats. The Pet Poison Helpline lists Bleeding Heart as toxic to both cats and dogs. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| Bleeding heart vine | Clerodendrum thomsoniae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Clerodendrum is NOT listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so no clearance exists; the Pet Poison Helpline reports the genus as mildly toxic, causing gastrointestinal upset if eaten and contact dermatitis in cats, dogs, horses and birds. Treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets. Note: this is NOT the toxic true bleeding heart (Dicentra), a completely different, unrelated plant. |
| Blister plant | Nautilocalyx pemphidius | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nautilocalyx pemphidius is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Gesneriaceae family, to which it belongs, has no documented toxic principles. As with all plants not individually ASPCA-listed, prevent pets from ingesting large amounts and consult a vet if concern arises. |
| Blochman's Liveforever | Dudleya blochmaniae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya blochmaniae is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported in the Dudleya genus. It is a member of Crassulaceae but is not related to toxic genera such as Crassula or Kalanchoe. Generally considered non-toxic to pets and humans. |
| blonde ambition grama grass | Bouteloua gracilis 'Blonde Ambition' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. A true grass cultivar with no known systemic toxin, but dried seed awns can cause mechanical irritation to a pet's mouth, ears or paws if chewed. |
| Blonde ambition rush | Juncus effusus 'Blonde Ambition' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus effusus (corkscrew rush) is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA, and corkscrew rush cultivars are widely cited as pet-safe. As with all plant material, large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Blonde sedge | Carex albula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Carex albula is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Blood banana | Musa acuminata 'Zebrina' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists banana (Musa acuminata, family Musaceae) as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats and Non-Toxic to Horses, with no toxic principles recorded. The blood banana is a cultivar of Musa acuminata, so it is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset in pets, so discourage chewing and consult your vet if symptoms persist. |
| Blood Bromeliad | Guzmania sanguinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bromeliads as a family have no known toxic principle and are considered safe around pets. |
| Moro blood orange | Citrus sinensis 'Moro' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists orange (Citrus sinensis) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens found in the peel, leaves, stems and seeds. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and possible photosensitivity. The flesh in small amounts is low-risk, but discourage pets from chewing peel or foliage. |
| Blood-cupped pink | Dianthus haematocalyx | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Dianthus species (Carnation, Pinks, Sweet William) as toxic to dogs and cats due to an unknown irritant. Clinical signs include mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Blood-red Bertolonia | Bertolonia sanguinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bertolonia sanguinea is in the family Melastomataceae. No toxic compounds are reported for this genus or family, and neither species nor genus appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list. Considered safe around pets and humans; mild gastrointestinal discomfort is possible if large quantities are consumed. |
| Blood-red Guzmania | Guzmania sanguinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania sanguinea belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified; ingestion of plant material is not expected to cause harm beyond possible mild gastric upset. |
| Blood-red Restrepia | Restrepia sanguinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Restrepia sanguinea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus. |
| Blood-red trumpet vine | Distictis buccinatoria | tropical | Mildly toxic | Distictis buccinatoria is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plants database, and no specific toxic principle has been identified for this genus in the available veterinary literature. As a member of the Bignoniaceae family, standard caution is advised. If a pet or child ingests any part of the plant, contact the ASPCA Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) or a veterinarian. |
| bloodleaf plant | Iresine herbstii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (aspca.org) under the name 'Bloodleaf' (Iresine herbstii). No toxic principles are reported for this genus. |
| Bloodroot | Sanguinaria canadensis | flowering | Toxic | Sanguinaria canadensis contains sanguinarine and other benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in all parts, particularly concentrated in the rhizome. These compounds are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans — causing vomiting, hypersalivation, and in large doses, serious systemic effects. ASPCA lists Sanguinaria canadensis as toxic to dogs and cats. The red sap can also cause skin irritation and should not contact mucous membranes. |
| Bloody Butcher corn | Zea mays 'Bloody Butcher' | edible | Mildly toxic | Corn (Zea mays) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database, so it is not affirmed pet-safe. The kernels are widely fed in pet diets, but corn cobs are a serious choking and intestinal-obstruction hazard for dogs, and mouldy corn can carry mycotoxins. Treat as a caution rather than safe and verify with a vet if a pet ingests cobs or spoiled grain. |
| Bloomsdale Spinach | Spinacia oleracea 'Bloomsdale' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spinacia oleracea is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. However, spinach contains oxalic acid — large quantities are inadvisable for pets with kidney disease or prone to urinary crystals. Occasional small amounts pose no risk to healthy animals. |
| Blue Anise Sage | Salvia guaranitica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Ornamental foliage and flowers are not associated with poisoning; only concentrated essential oils carry risk in large amounts. |
| Blue Arrow Juniper | Juniperus scopulorum 'Blue Arrow' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and berries hold mildly irritant volatile oils that may cause vomiting or diarrhoea if chewed. Low overall risk, but not confirmed non-toxic. |
| Blue Ash | Fraxinus quadrangulata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fraxinus species are not prominently listed by ASPCA as toxic to companion animals. However, ash seeds (samaras) and bark have been associated with mild gastrointestinal upset in horses and livestock when ingested in quantity. As with many landscape trees, restrict access by horses to avoid accidental ingestion of large leaf or seed quantities. Not considered significantly toxic to dogs or cats based on current ASPCA data. |
| blue Atlas cedar | Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cedrus atlantica is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of needles or cones may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea in cats and dogs, and the aromatic oils can irritate skin. |
| Blue Atlas Cedar | Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cedrus species are not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. However, cedar wood, bark, and resin contain aromatic oils (cedrol, thujopsene) that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset or skin irritation if ingested or handled in quantity. Not considered severely toxic; the risk from casual contact or small needle ingestion is low. |
| Blue Bird rose of Sharon | Hibiscus syriacus 'Blue Bird' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Hibiscus syriacus, 'Blue Bird' carries the same mild toxicity profile. Ingestion may cause vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea in dogs and cats. More significant gastrointestinal effects have been reported in horses. Consult a veterinarian if a pet is known to have consumed any part of this plant. |
| blue blossom | Ceanothus thyrsiflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ceanothus species are not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, but the genus contains ceanothine and other alkaloids that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if large quantities of plant material are ingested. Treat as mildly toxic as a precautionary measure; the risk of serious harm is considered low. |
| Blue Boy cornflower | Centaurea cyanus 'Blue Boy' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Centaurea cyanus and its cultivars, including 'Blue Boy', are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Safe for households with pets. |
| Blue Carpet Juniper | Juniperus squamata 'Blue Carpet' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and berries contain mildly irritant oils (e.g. isocupressic acid) that can cause vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten. Generally low risk but not confirmed non-toxic. |
| Blue Cereus | Pilosocereus azureus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilosocereus azureus belongs to Cactaceae and is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The family Cactaceae has no widely recognised toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. The sharp spines are a physical hazard to pets. As with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Blue Chalk Sticks | Senecio mandraliscae | houseplant | Toxic | Considered toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, consistent with the ASPCA's listing of Senecio species as toxic due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and in large quantities, liver damage. Handle with gloves as sap may irritate skin. |
| Senecio serpens | Curio repens | houseplant | Toxic | As a Curio (formerly Senecio), Blue Chalk Sticks falls under the ASPCA's toxic listing for Senecio-type succulents. Ingestion can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset, and the sap may irritate skin. Keep it out of reach of cats and dogs. |
| Blue Chalksticks | Senecio serpens | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses consistent with the ASPCA's listing of Senecio/Curio species containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and potential liver damage with prolonged exposure. Not safe for households with pets that chew plants. |
| Blue chalksticks | Curio repens (syn. Senecio serpens) | houseplant | Toxic | Blue chalksticks (Curio repens / Senecio serpens) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic-plant database, but the ASPCA names its close relative, string of pearls (Senecio rowleyanus), as causing stomach upset (mainly vomiting) and lethargy, and lists the wider Senecio group as toxic due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Because the genus is not clean, treat blue chalksticks as toxic to cats and dogs, keep it out of reach, and verify with your vet if a pet ingests any; the sap can also irritate skin, so wear gloves when taking cuttings. |
| Blue China Fir | Cunninghamia lanceolata 'Glauca' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cunninghamia lanceolata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The sharply pointed needles present a physical hazard if ingested, and resinous compounds in the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution due to the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Blue Cloud Cranesbill | Geranium 'Blue Cloud' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium species (containing geraniol and linalool), not true Geranium cranesbills. True Geranium is not individually listed as toxic or confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA; treat with caution around pets. |
| Blue Cohosh | Caulophyllum thalictroides | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Caulophyllum thalictroides are toxic, particularly the roots and seeds. The plant contains the alkaloid methylcytisine (a nicotinic agonist), the saponin caulosaponin, and glycosides. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, elevated heart rate, and in high doses potentially more serious cardiac effects. The blue berry-like seeds are particularly hazardous to children. Contact with the plant can also cause contact dermatitis. Toxic to dogs and cats. Not individually listed by the ASPCA; classified as toxic by university Extension sources (NCSU, UVM) and veterinary plant-poison references. Wear gloves when handling roots, and prevent children and pets from accessing the fruit. |
| Rocky Mountain columbine | Aquilegia caerulea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aquilegia (columbine) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant contains cyanogenic glycosides, most concentrated in seeds and roots, and ingestion may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. Since a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed against ASPCA, keep pets from eating it. |
| Blue Creeping Speedwell | Veronica umbrosa 'Georgia Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica umbrosa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for the Veronica genus in cats, dogs, or horses; it is generally regarded as non-toxic. |
| Blue Cycad | Encephalartos nubimontanus | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos nubimontanus are severely toxic to dogs, cats, livestock, and humans. Like all cycads, the plant contains cycasin and BMAA, causing acute gastrointestinal distress, hepatotoxicity (liver failure), and neurological damage. Seeds are the most dangerous part. ASPCA lists Encephalartos spp. as toxic to pets. Any suspected ingestion is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate veterinary or medical attention. |
| Madagascar cycad | Cycas thouarsii | tropical | Toxic | Severely toxic. As a Cycas (sago palm/cycad), it is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is cycasin, with all parts poisonous and seeds the most dangerous. Ingestion causes vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure, and death. Keep strictly away from pets and children; treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Blue dawn flower | Ipomoea indica | tropical | Toxic | Ipomoea indica, like other morning glories in the genus, contains ergine (d-lysergic acid amide) alkaloids concentrated in the seeds. ASPCA lists Ipomoea species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses — effects include GI upset, lethargy, agitation, and neurological signs. Seeds present the greatest hazard. The plant should also be noted as invasive in many warm regions; containment (deadheading before seed set) is strongly recommended where it is not native. |
| Blue Dendrobium | Dendrobium victoriae-reginae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dendrobium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are reported for D. victoriae-reginae. |
| Blue Hens and Chicks | Echeveria secunda var. glauca | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blue Echeveria (Echeveria glauca / secunda var. glauca) is specifically listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, so this plant is confidently pet-safe. Eating large amounts may still cause mild, short-lived digestive upset. |
| elijah blue fescue | Festuca glauca 'Elijah Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Festuca glauca is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Ornamental fescues are generally regarded as non-toxic, but as the species is unverified, treat with caution: ingestion may cause mild GI upset. Note that endophyte-related fescue toxicosis is a grazing-livestock concern of tall fescue, distinct from this ornamental. Verify with a vet before assuming pet safety. |
| Blue Frills cape primrose | Streptocarpus 'Blue Frills' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus spp. are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. 'Blue Frills' is a hybrid within this non-toxic genus and carries no reported toxic principles. |
| Blue Giant Sequoia | Sequoiadendron giganteum 'Glaucum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sequoiadendron giganteum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for giant sequoia in dogs, cats, or horses. Considered non-toxic to pets based on genus-level evidence; no cases of poisoning on record. |
| blue grama grass | Bouteloua gracilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a true prairie grass it carries no known systemic toxin and is widely grazed by livestock, but the ripe seed awns can cause mechanical irritation if heavily chewed. |
| Blue hair grass | Koeleria glauca | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Koeleria glauca is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs. No toxic principles are known in Koeleria species, which are true grasses (Poaceae) widely grazed safely by livestock. |
| Meserve Holly | Ilex × meserveae 'Blue Princess' | flowering | Toxic | As an Ilex, 'Blue Princess' falls under the ASPCA listing of holly as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with saponins as the toxic principle. Ingestion of leaves and berries causes vomiting, diarrhoea and depression (low toxicity per ASPCA), and the spiny foliage can also cause mouth and gut irritation. |
| Blue plantain lily | Hosta 'Halcyon' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are saponins; ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Keep pets from grazing the foliage. |
| Blue Ice bog rosemary | Andromeda polifolia 'Blue Ice' | flowering | Toxic | Andromeda polifolia 'Blue Ice' contains grayanotoxins throughout all plant parts, the same toxins found in the species. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Even small quantities cause vomiting, lethargy, bradycardia, and hypotension. Contact a vet immediately if a pet has chewed the foliage. |
| Blue Lace Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum 'Blue Lace' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zygopetalum hybrids belong to Orchidaceae, listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. 'Blue Lace' is not individually catalogued by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are associated with the genus or its hybrid parents. |
| Blue Latan Palm | Latania loddigesii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Latania is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and belongs to the palm family Arecaceae, which has no known toxic principles. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus and family have no reported toxic compounds to pets. |
| blue dune lyme grass | Leymus arenarius 'Blue Dune' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Leymus arenarius is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with grasses generally, eating large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| blue mistflower | Conoclinium coelestinum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Conoclinium coelestinum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. As an Asteraceae member it is not known to be seriously poisonous, but ingestion of unlisted plants can still cause gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from grazing on it. |
| blue moor grass | Sesleria caerulea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sesleria caerulea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, and the genus Sesleria carries no specific ASPCA entry, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. The realistic risk is mechanical, blades and seed awns can irritate the mouth or gut if eaten, rather than documented chemical toxicity. |
| Blue Mouse Ears hosta | Hosta 'Blue Mouse Ears' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Keep pets from grazing the leaves, and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if a significant amount is eaten. |
| blue oat grass | Helictochloa sempervirens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helictochloa sempervirens (formerly Avenula/Helictotrichon sempervirens) is a member of the Poaceae (grass) family, which is classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this species. |
| blue oat grass | Helictotrichon sempervirens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helictotrichon sempervirens is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and no specific toxic principle is documented. Treat with caution and verify with a vet: as with other ornamental grasses, ingested foliage can cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset, and fibrous blades may irritate the digestive tract. |
| Blue Pacific Shore Juniper | Juniperus conferta 'Blue Pacific' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juniperus conferta is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Veterinary sources report that junipers broadly contain volatile oils and labdane-type acids that may cause gastrointestinal irritation — vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain — in dogs and cats. Classified as mildly toxic; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests foliage or berries. |
| Blue Pickerelweed | Pontederia azurea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pontederia azurea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the Pontederia genus (Pontederiaceae family) has no known toxic principles and the closely related P. cordata (native pickerelweed) is widely recognised as non-toxic. No reports of toxicity to dogs, cats, or horses are documented; advise caution with large ingestion of any plant material. |
| Blue Potato Bush | Lycianthes rantonnetii | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists the closely related genus Solanum (which formerly included this species) as toxic to dogs and cats; solanine and solasonine alkaloids are present throughout the plant, especially in leaves and berries. The small red berries are particularly attractive and dangerous. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, dilated pupils, and potential cardiac effects. Keep well away from pets and children. Contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) immediately if ingestion occurs. |
| Blue Prince Holly | Ilex x meserveae 'Blue Prince' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Holly (Ilex species) as toxic to cats and dogs, with saponins as the toxic principle. Although this male cultivar bears no berries, its leaves remain toxic and cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression if eaten, while the spiny foliage can mechanically irritate the gut. Keep clippings away from pets. |
| Blue Princess Holly | Ilex x meserveae 'Blue Princess' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Holly (Ilex species) as toxic to cats and dogs; saponins are the toxic principle. The showy red berries are especially tempting and, with the leaves, cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression if eaten, while spiny leaves can mechanically injure the mouth and gut. Keep berries and clippings away from pets. |
| Griffith's Davallia | Davallia griffithiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists rabbit's foot fern (Davallia spp.) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The fuzzy rhizomes and lacy fronds are safe if nibbled, though as with any plant large amounts can cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Blue Ridge creeping phlox | Phlox stolonifera 'Blue Ridge' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists moss phlox (Phlox subulata) and the broader Phlox genus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified. |
| Blue Rug Juniper | Juniperus horizontalis 'Wiltonii' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juniperus horizontalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but Juniperus species broadly contain volatile oils and labdane-type acids reported to cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain in dogs and cats upon ingestion. Treat as mildly toxic; seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes foliage. |
| Blue sedge | Carex flacca | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex flacca is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database for dogs or cats. Sedges (Cyperaceae) are not known to contain toxic principles. Carex species are widely used in pet-friendly and wildlife garden design. Ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but is not expected to be life-threatening. |
| Blue Spruce Stonecrop | Sedum reflexum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum reflexum (S. rupestre) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Sedum genus is broadly considered non-toxic; no toxic principles are documented for this species, which has a long history of culinary use in Europe. Considered pet-safe, though ingesting any plant in quantity may cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Blue Spurflower | Plectranthus saccatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. The aromatic foliage contains essential oils common to the Lamiaceae family; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. No severe toxicity is recorded for ornamental Plectranthus, but consult a vet if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Blue star fern | Phlebodium aureum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not individually list Phlebodium aureum, but every true fern of this type that it does evaluate is rated non-toxic, including Button Fern (Pellaea rotundifolia), Boston Fern (Nephrolepis) and Maidenhair (Adiantum), and the genus contains no known toxic compounds. On that consistent basis it is treated as pet-safe to cats and dogs. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset, and the toxic look-alike asparagus 'fern' (Asparagus) is a true fern in name only. |
| Blue Star Juniper | Juniperus squamata 'Blue Star' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Juniperus / juniper as toxic to cats and dogs. The foliage and berries contain volatile oils that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and kidney irritation if eaten. Keep pets from chewing the plant and consult a vet if any is ingested. |
| Blue Star Water Lily | Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Nymphaea odorata as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but water lily leaves and rhizomes can cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea if consumed in quantity. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; contact your vet if a pet ingests significant plant material. |
| Blue Surprise Lawson Cypress | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Blue Surprise' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Chamaecyparis / cypress among plants toxic to cats and dogs. Ingested foliage and oils can trigger vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling and lethargy. Keep pets from chewing it and seek veterinary advice if eaten. |
| Blue Columnar Cactus | Pilosocereus pachycladus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pilosocereus pachycladus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and although cactus flesh and the genus are not known to be chemically toxic, the species' status is unconfirmed - treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. The sharp golden spines are in any case a real physical hazard, so site it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Blue tulp | Moraea polystachya | flowering | Toxic | Moraea polystachya contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (including epoxyscillirosidine and related compounds), which cause acute cardiac glycoside poisoning in animals. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, bradycardia or tachycardia, arrhythmia, weakness, and death; the dried plant and incorporated hay are also toxic. This species is notorious as a major livestock poison ('tulp poisoning') in South Africa and is considered dangerous to cats and dogs. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| Blue Orchid | Vanda coerulea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis orchid is the named entry, and the ASPCA holds no orchid on its toxic list). Vanda coerulea is not individually listed, but as a member of Orchidaceae it carries no calcium oxalates or known toxic principle. Non-toxic does not mean edible; chewing may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Blue Violet Iochroma | Iochroma cyaneum | tropical | Toxic | Iochroma cyaneum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the nightshade family (Solanaceae) and contains solanine-type tropane alkaloids throughout all plant parts. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, lethargy, and potentially serious neurological and cardiovascular effects in dogs and cats. Treat as toxic; keep away from pets and children, and contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| blue wild indigo | Baptisia australis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Baptisia is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and seeds contain bitter quinolizidine alkaloids; ingestion may cause salivation, vomiting, gastrointestinal upset, and in larger amounts incoordination or tremors. Keep pets from chewing the plant or pods. |
| magellan wild rye | Elymus magellanicus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Elymus magellanicus is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like grasses generally, ingesting large amounts of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| blue zinger sedge | Carex flacca 'Blue Zinger' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (sedge) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with most grass-like plants, chewing may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Blue-flowered African Sage | Salvia africana-caerulea | herb | Mildly toxic | Salvia africana-caerulea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As specific ASPCA confirmation is absent for this species, a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied; no documented toxic principles are known for this species. |
| Blue-Flowered Air Plant | Tillandsia caerulea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia (air plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus; ingestion may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset due to the fibrous plant material but is not considered poisonous. |
| Blue-flowered Torch | Wallisia lindeniana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Wallisia lindeniana (syn. Tillandsia lindenii) belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No known toxic principles are present; excessive ingestion of leaf fibre may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Blue-green Adenia | Adenia glauca | houseplant | Toxic | Adenia species contain highly toxic cyanogenic glycosides (passibiflorin and related compounds) and in some cases modeccin (a ribosome-inactivating protein). Adenia glauca is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Adenia is well-documented as severely toxic to mammals — ingestion can cause vomiting, liver damage, and potentially death. Keep strictly away from all pets and children. Wear gloves when handling — the sap is irritating. |
| Blue-leaved Parlour Palm | Chamaedorea glaucifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Chamaedorea species (under common names including Parlor Palm and Bamboo Palm) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are identified. |
| Blue-stemmed Polypody | Polypodium subpetiolatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium subpetiolatum is in the family Polypodiaceae. Polypody ferns contain no known toxic compounds to dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Polypodium has a consistent record of non-toxicity with no reported harmful compounds. |
| highbush blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blueberry plants are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Fruit is safe for pets in moderation. |
| Bluecrop blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Bluecrop' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vaccinium corymbosum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and blueberry is widely confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline. The plant and its berries are pet-safe; as with any fruit, large quantities can cause mild digestive upset, so feed only in moderation. |
| Top Hat blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Top Hat' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As Vaccinium corymbosum, 'Top Hat' is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and blueberry is confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline. The plant and fruit are pet-safe; large amounts of berries may cause mild GI upset, so offer only in moderation. |
| bluejoint reedgrass | Calamagrostis canadensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calamagrostis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts of foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Bluff Lettuce | Dudleya farinosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya farinosa is in the Crassulaceae family. Unlike toxic Crassulaceae genera (Kalanchoe, Crassula), Dudleya has no confirmed toxic principle reported. It is not individually listed by ASPCA; observe pets and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Bluish Sage | Salvia cyanescens | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Salvia cyanescens is not individually listed; classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution since ingestion of any aromatic sage foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. |
| Blume's Typhonium | Typhonium blumei | tropical | Toxic | Typhonium blumei contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in all plant parts, as is characteristic of the Araceae family. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or people causes immediate oral burning, swelling, and hypersalivation. The ASPCA lists Araceae aroids as toxic due to these crystals. Wash hands after handling and keep away from pets and children. |
| Blunt-leaf wax plant | Hoya obtusifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya (wax plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya obtusifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is broadly considered non-toxic; mild gastrointestinal upset may follow ingestion of large amounts. |
| Blunt-leaf Zamia | Zamia amblyphyllidia | tropical | Toxic | Zamia amblyphyllidia, like all Zamia species, contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside) and related toxic compounds throughout all tissues. Severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. The ASPCA lists Zamia species (coontie palm, cardboard plant) as toxic to dogs and cats, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, seizures, and potentially fatal liver failure. Seeds are the most dangerous part. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| Blushing Arisaema | Arisaema erubescens | flowering | Toxic | Arisaema erubescens contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides throughout all plant parts, consistent with the Araceae family. Ingestion causes intense oral pain, burning, excessive drooling, and swelling in dogs, cats, and people. The ASPCA lists the Arisaema genus as toxic. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Blushing bromeliad | Neoregelia carolinae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists the blushing bromeliad (Neoregelia spp., family Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs. Note that the stiff, finely serrated leaf edges can still cause minor mechanical irritation if a pet chews them. |
| Blushing Bromeliad | Neoregelia carolinae 'Tricolor' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA specifically lists the Blushing Bromeliad (Neoregelia) as non-toxic, so it is a safe choice for pet households with no toxic principle of concern. |
| Blushing Dunce Cap | Orostachys erubescens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys species, including the closely related O. iwarenge and O. boehmeri, are consistently cited as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Orostachys erubescens is not individually listed by the ASPCA but belongs to the same genus and subfamily (Sempervivoideae/Crassulaceae) with no known toxic principles. Considered safe for pet-friendly households. |
| Boat orchid | Cymbidium spp. | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cymbidium (boat orchid) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database; only a different orchid genus, Phalaenopsis (moth orchid), is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, so a same-genus "clean" classification cannot be confirmed. Treat Cymbidium as mildly toxic out of caution, as ingestion can cause mild stomach upset or vomiting, and verify pet safety with your vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control before assuming it is safe around dogs or cats. |
| Aloe-Leafed Cymbidium | Cymbidium aloifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Cymbidium is an orchid genus in the Orchidaceae family, the same family the ASPCA clears for Phalaenopsis and other orchids, and carries no toxic principle. Chewing the tough leaves or bark mix can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so keep the plant out of reach. |
| Boat-Leaf Orthophytum | Orthophytum navioides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Orthophytum navioides is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, no toxic principles are known for the genus or family. Considered pet-safe. |
| Boat-shaped Orthophytum | Orthophytum navioides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Bromeliaceae family as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Orthophytum navioides is considered non-toxic. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Bob Gordon elderberry | Sambucus nigra 'Bob Gordon' | edible | Mildly toxic | Elderberry (Sambucus) is not individually listed on the ASPCA companion-animal Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally classified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The leaves, stems, bark, roots and unripe or raw berries contain cyanogenic glycosides that can cause vomiting and diarrhoea; cooking destroys most of the toxin in ripe fruit. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Bob Gordon Elderberry | Sambucus nigra 'Bob Gordon' | edible | Mildly toxic | Sambucus is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Raw plant material including leaves, bark, unripe berries, and roots contains sambunigrin (a cyanogenic glycoside) that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. Ripe, cooked berries are used in human food products, but the raw plant must be kept out of reach of pets. |
| Bocking 14 comfrey | Symphytum x uplandicum 'Bocking 14' | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Symphytum, Bocking 14 contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can damage the liver if ingested by pets; signs include vomiting, lethargy and loss of appetite. Despite being a useful garden plant, do not treat it as pet-safe. |
| Bodinier's beautyberry | Callicarpa bodinieri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Callicarpa bodinieri is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to pets. The genus is not associated with severe toxicity, but the attractive berries may attract curious pets. As a precaution, it should be treated as mildly toxic until definitive safety data is available; monitor pets that may ingest the berries. |
| resurrection plant | Boea hygroscopica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Treat with caution. Boea hygroscopica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and although it belongs to the gesneriad family (which includes the non-toxic African violet), its specific pet-safety status is undocumented. Keep it away from pets and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Boehmer's Dunce Cap | Orostachys boehmeri | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Orostachys is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Crassulaceae; most members of this family are low-risk or have only minor gastrointestinal toxicity compared to the severely toxic Kalanchoe or Cotyledon genera. No specific toxic compounds are documented for Orostachys boehmeri, but out of caution — given the Crassulaceae family context — classify as mildly toxic. Keep away from pets that chew plants and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Bog Arum | Calla palustris | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Calla palustris contain calcium oxalate raphides, as with other Araceae. Ingestion causes intense oral burning, swelling, drooling, and gastrointestinal distress in cats, dogs, and humans. The red berries are particularly attractive and hazardous. Keep away from children and pets. ASPCA lists Calla species as toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Bog Bilberry | Vaccinium uliginosum | edible | Mildly toxic | Vaccinium uliginosum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic plant database. The ripe berries are widely consumed by humans and wildlife and are broadly considered safe; a 2024 phytochemical review found no evidence of toxic alkaloids or strongly harmful secondary metabolites. However, historical European folklore warned of inebriation (now attributed to natural fermentation of fruit), and the plant's safety for cats and dogs has not been formally confirmed by ASPCA. On a precautionary basis it is classified as mildly toxic to pets; do not allow pets to graze it freely and consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Bog cranberry | Oxycoccus palustris | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oxycoccus palustris (syn. Vaccinium oxycoccos) is not known to be toxic to pets or humans. The berries are edible and widely consumed. Cranberries are considered safe for dogs in moderation. The plant is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Very large quantities of berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals due to high acidity. |
| Bog laurel | Kalmia polifolia | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Kalmia polifolia are highly toxic. Contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), which affect sodium channels in cardiac and nerve cells. Toxic to humans, dogs, cats, horses, and livestock. Even honey produced from the nectar can be toxic. RHS classifies it as 'harmful if eaten'; wear gloves when handling. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Bog rosemary | Andromeda polifolia | flowering | Toxic | Andromeda polifolia contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. All parts are poisonous; ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, muscle weakness, and potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. Keep away from pets and children. The common name 'rosemary' is misleading — it is unrelated to culinary rosemary. |
| Bog sage | Salvia uliginosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of the Salvia genus, which includes species (such as S. officinalis) listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats due to volatile oils and ketones, Salvia uliginosa is treated as mildly toxic. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, or lethargy in pets. Consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Bogota kohleria | Kohleria bogotensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohleria is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, the Gesneriaceae family — which includes African violets (confirmed ASPCA non-toxic) — has no documented toxic principles. The genus is widely grown in households without reported toxicity concerns in veterinary literature. |
| Boissier's silverbush | Convolvulus boissieri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed in the ASPCA database. No documented pet toxicity reports exist, but as an ornamental Convolvulus, caution is warranted given that related species can cause gastrointestinal irritation. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution, not from confirmed evidence of toxicity. |
| Boivin's Aponogeton | Aponogeton boivinianus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aponogeton boivinianus is not listed by ASPCA. The Aponogeton genus has no known toxic compounds identified in the scientific or veterinary literature, and the species is universally considered safe in aquarium hobbyist sources. Consult a vet if large quantities are ingested by a pet. |
| Boivin's peperomia | Peperomia boivinii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Peperomia genus is confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Peperomia boivinii contains no documented toxic principles and is safe in households with pets. |
| Black Summer bok choy | Brassica rapa var. chinensis 'Black Summer' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa vegetables are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Brassicas contain isothiocyanates and small amounts of goitrogens, and large quantities can cause gas, GI upset, or thyroid effects in pets, so feed only sparingly. |
| Bokhara iris | Iris bucharica | flowering | Toxic | The entire Iris genus is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The rhizome and bulb contain irisin (also called irisin or irisine) along with terpenoids and quinones. Ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhoea; larger quantities may cause central nervous system depression. The bulb and rhizome are the most toxic parts. |
| African water fern | Bolbitis heudelotii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bolbitis heudelotii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. While several common terrestrial ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, this aquatic species is not, so treat its pet status as uncertain and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe to ingest. No specific toxic principle is documented. |
| Bolivian Columnea | Columnea boliviensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Columnea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified; incidental nibbling is unlikely to cause more than mild stomach upset. |
| Bolivian Fuchsia | Fuchsia boliviana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (listed species: Fuchsia triphylla). No toxic principles have been documented in the genus. The ripe berries are also considered edible for humans and pose no known toxicity to pets. |
| Bolivian Sunset | Seemannia sylvatica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Seemannia sylvatica is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The Gesneriaceae family as a whole has no widely reported toxic principle, and many relatives (Episcia, Nematanthus, Streptocarpus) are confirmed ASPCA non-toxic. Until an individual species entry is confirmed, keep out of reach of pets and children as a precaution. |
| Bolivian Torch Cactus | Trichocereus bridgesii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Trichocereus bridgesii is not individually listed by ASPCA. Cactus spines pose a physical injury risk to pets and children. No well-documented alkaloid toxicity concern at typical exposure levels for pets, but exercise caution and keep out of reach due to spine hazard. |
| Bolivian Zamia | Zamia boliviana | tropical | Toxic | Zamia boliviana contains cycasin and macrozamin throughout all tissues — the azoxy glycoside toxins characteristic of the entire Zamia genus. The ASPCA classifies the Zamia genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats, with effects including acute liver failure, gastrointestinal distress, neurological damage, and potential fatality. Seeds are the most concentrated source. Keep all parts away from pets and children. |
| bolivian begonia | Begonia boliviensis | flowering | Toxic | Begonia is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tuber. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The fleshy tubers are the most dangerous part, so keep plants and stored tubers away from pets and seek veterinary advice if eaten. |
| Bolus' Stomatium | Stomatium bolusiae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stomatium bolusiae (Aizoaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family has no known systemic toxic principles; related Aizoaceae genera (e.g. Lampranthus) are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to pets. Exercise normal supervision. |
| boneset | Eupatorium perfoliatum | herb | Toxic | Boneset is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but laboratory analyses confirm it contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (lycopsamine, intermedine and derivatives) in all parts. Because these alkaloids can cause cumulative liver damage, it should be treated as toxic and kept away from cats, dogs and livestock; signs of plant ingestion include vomiting, lethargy and gastrointestinal upset. Verify any concern with a vet. |
| Bonica | Rosa 'Bonica' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; true Rosa cultivars are non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The hips are also safe though seedy; the chief risks are thorn injuries and mild stomach upset from chewing leaves. |
| Bonsai Pachypodium | Pachypodium brevicaule | tropical | Toxic | Member of family Apocynaceae. Contains toxic alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in its milky sap. Ingestion causes gastrointestinal distress and potential cardiovascular effects in pets and humans. Pachypodium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but Apocynaceae as a family — including Adenium, Nerium oleander, and Plumeria — is well-established as toxic; apply the same precautions and keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Boojum Tree | Fouquieria columnaris | tropical | Mildly toxic | Fouquieria columnaris (family Fouquieriaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No significant systemic toxin is documented. The numerous rigid spines present a serious physical hazard to pets and children. Site accordingly and handle with thick gloves. |
| Starflower | Borago officinalis | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Borage, Borago officinalis). Toxic principles are tannins and mucilage; reported clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, and dermatitis. Borage leaves also contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids of liver concern, so keep pets from grazing it. |
| Borden's Wax Plant | Hoya bordenii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus (specifically Hoya kerrii) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no known toxic principles. Chewing on a freshly cut stem may cause transient mild oral irritation from the latex sap but no systemic toxicity is expected. |
| border forsythia | Forsythia × intermedia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Forsythia is catalogued by the ASPCA under the common name 'Golden Bells' (family Oleaceae) on its non-toxic plant list. |
| Borealis honeyberry | Lonicera caerulea 'Borealis' | edible | Mildly toxic | The blue berries are widely eaten by people, but Lonicera caerulea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, and the Lonicera genus is mixed (some honeysuckle species cause GI upset in pets). Treat as uncertain around cats and dogs and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Bosc pear | Pyrus communis 'Bosc' | edible | Mildly toxic | Seeds of Pyrus communis 'Bosc' contain amygdalin (cyanogenic glycoside). While Pyrus is not individually listed by ASPCA, cyanogenic Rosaceae seeds are considered toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ripe fruit flesh is safe for human consumption. Ensure pets cannot access seeds, leaves, or bark. |
| Bosc pear | Pyrus communis 'Beurré Bosc' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus (pear) fruit and foliage are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Seeds contain trace amygdalin and should not be fed to pets in large amounts, but the fruit flesh is safe for dogs and cats. |
| Boscobel | Rosa 'Boscobel' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; all true Rosa species are classified non-toxic. The practical hazard is thorns scratching paws or mouths, with chewed foliage causing at most mild GI upset rather than poisoning. |
| Boskoop Glory grape | Vitis vinifera 'Boskoop Glory' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis) are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs; grapes and raisins can cause acute kidney failure in dogs even in small, unpredictable doses, with vomiting, lethargy, and decreased urination. Keep the berries, vine clippings, and fallen fruit out of dogs' reach. |
| Bosnian pine | Pinus heldreichii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Pine needles and resin may cause mild mouth irritation, drooling and gastrointestinal upset if eaten; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Compact Gem Bosnian pine | Pinus heldreichii 'Compact Gem' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Pine needles and resin can cause mild oral irritation, drooling and stomach upset if chewed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| sword fern | Nephrolepis exaltata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nephrolepis exaltata as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe lush option for pet households. |
| Boston Fern | Nephrolepis exaltata 'Bostoniensis' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nephrolepis exaltata and its cultivars, including 'Bostoniensis', are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. This is one of the most reliably pet-safe popular ferns. |
| Dallas Jewel fern | Nephrolepis exaltata 'Dallas' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list and contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principle; the 'Dallas' cultivar shares this status. Eating large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset from fibre, not poisoning. |
| Fluffy Ruffles fern | Nephrolepis exaltata 'Fluffy Ruffles' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It contains no toxic principle, making it one of the safer choices for pet households, though nibbling foliage may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Botterboom | Tylecodon paniculatus | houseplant | Toxic | Tylecodon paniculatus is highly toxic. All Tylecodon species contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides; T. paniculatus was historically known as Cotyledon paniculata and shares the same toxic compounds. These glycosides cause 'krimpsiekte' (a neuromuscular disease) in livestock. ASPCA lists Cotyledon as toxic to cats and dogs; the same hazard applies to Tylecodon. Ingestion can be fatal; keep strictly away from all pets and children. |
| Bottle gentian | Gentiana andrewsii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gentiana andrewsii is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database as a toxic species. The closely related genus member Arabian Gentian (Exacum affine, Gentianaceae) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; Gentiana species are considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Bottle Gourd | Lagenaria siceraria | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lagenaria siceraria is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Edible cultivars are widely consumed by humans. Note: extremely bitter bottle gourds can contain toxic cucurbitacins — always taste before eating and discard any bitter-tasting fruit, which applies to human consumption rather than a pet-specific concern. |
| Palmiste Gargoulette | Hyophorbe lagenicaulis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hyophorbe lagenicaulis is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; the ASPCA's 'Bottle Palm' entry actually refers to Nolina tuberculata (Agavaceae), a different plant, so it does not confirm this species' status. Treat this true palm as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe and verify with a vet. It is unrelated to the toxic sago palm/Cycas. |
| Bougainvillea | Bougainvillea glabra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Bougainvillea is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Bougainvillea species or related Nyctaginaceae plant appears on it, so a clean pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. The genuine hazard is mechanical: large, sharp thorns can injure mouths and paws, and the sap is a mild skin/GI irritant. Treat as mildly-toxic and verify with your vet. |
| Red Bougainvillea | Bougainvillea 'Barbara Karst' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bougainvillea is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant lists for cats or dogs and is considered non-toxic. The main hazards are physical: sharp thorns can injure mouths and paws, and the sap is a mild skin/GI irritant that may cause drooling or mild stomach upset if a lot is chewed. |
| Miss Alice bougainvillea | Bougainvillea 'Miss Alice' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bougainvillea is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so treat its safety as uncertain and verify with a vet. No serious systemic toxin is documented, but the sap is a mild irritant that can cause mouth, skin or stomach irritation if chewed, and the thorns pose a physical risk to curious pets. Keep it out of reach to be safe. |
| Variegated Bougainvillea | Bougainvillea 'Raspberry Ice' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bougainvillea is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs and is treated as non-toxic. The hazards are physical rather than chemical: thorns can injure mouths and paws, and the sap is a mild irritant that may cause drooling or mild stomach upset if chewed in quantity. |
| San Diego Red Bougainvillea | Bougainvillea 'San Diego Red' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bougainvillea is not on the ASPCA's toxic plant lists for cats or dogs and is regarded as non-toxic. The genuine risks are mechanical: sharp thorns can wound mouths and paws, and the sap is a mild irritant that may cause drooling or mild GI upset if large amounts are chewed. |
| great bougainvillea | Bougainvillea spectabilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bougainvillea is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so treat its safety as uncertain and verify with a vet. It is not known to contain serious systemic toxins, but the milky sap is a mild irritant that can cause mouth and skin irritation or mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed, and the sharp thorns are a genuine physical hazard to inquisitive pets. |
| boulder blue fescue | Festuca glauca 'Boulder Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Festuca glauca is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Ornamental fescues are generally regarded as non-toxic, but as the species is unverified, treat with caution: ingestion may cause mild GI upset. Fescue toxicosis from endophytes is a grazing-livestock concern tied to tall fescue, distinct from this ornamental. Verify with a vet before assuming pet safety. |
| Boulevard Cypress | Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Boulevard' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic foliage contains volatile oils and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. |
| Bouquet Dill | Anethum graveolens 'Bouquet' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Anethum graveolens (dill) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Fresh foliage and seeds are safe. Concentrated dill essential oil is a different matter — it is not appropriate for use on or around pets. |
| Bove's Jerusalem sage | Phlomis bovei | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis bovei is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. Due to the lack of published safety data for this species, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes any part of the plant. |
| Bow Bells Cattleya | Cattleya 'Bow Bells' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cattleya hybrids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Both parent genera involved in 'Bow Bells' (Cattleya) contain no known toxic principles, and the hybrid is safe for pet owners. |
| Bower Vine | Pandorea jasminoides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pandorea jasminoides is a member of the Bignoniaceae family. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no well-documented systemic toxin; however, as a precaution, ingestion of foliage or seed pods by pets or children is not recommended. Mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible. Treat as mildly toxic until individual ASPCA listing is confirmed. |
| Bowl Lotus | Nelumbo nucifera 'Chawan Basu' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nelumbo nucifera is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list for cats or dogs, and is widely regarded by veterinarians and aquatic plant specialists as non-toxic. All parts are edible to humans and no toxic principle has been identified. |
| bowles golden sedge | Carex elata 'Aurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (sedge) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of the grassy foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| box honeysuckle | Lonicera nitida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lonicera nitida berries are considered mildly toxic to humans and pets. Ingestion of berries can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea in dogs and cats. ASPCA does not list Lonicera nitida specifically, but Lonicera species generally carry mild toxicity warnings. Keep pets and children from eating the berries. |
| boysenberry | Rubus ursinus × idaeus 'Boysenberry' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The boysenberry is a Rubus hybrid, and the ASPCA lists Rubus (Creeping Rubus, Rubus pedatus) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. On that genus-level ASPCA grounding the plant and its fruit are considered pet-safe; the main practical hazard is the thorns on thorned forms and mild GI upset if a pet gorges on berries. |
| Bracken's Brown Beauty Magnolia | Magnolia grandiflora 'Bracken's Brown Beauty' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA individually lists Magnolia stellata (Star Magnolia) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Magnolia grandiflora cultivars are widely regarded as low-toxicity; however, Magnolia is not universally cleared for all species. Ingestion of bark or leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Exercise caution. |
| Bracteate Rhinephyllum | Rhinephyllum ebracteatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rhinephyllum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family has no reported toxic principles for pets, and ASPCA-listed family members (Lithops, Lampranthus/ice plant) are confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Bracted Aechmea | Aechmea bracteata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No toxic principles are recorded for Aechmea bracteata, and the genus is broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; ingestion of leaf material may irritate the mouth or cause mild GI upset due to the sharp leaf spines and plant fibre rather than any chemical toxin. |
| Bracted begonia | Begonia involucrata | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and throat, vomiting, and hypersalivation. |
| Bracted Lipstick Plant | Aeschynanthus bracteatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Aeschynanthus humilis (lipstick plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. A. bracteatus is in the same genus within the Gesneriaceae family, which contains no known toxic principles. Considered safe for pet households. |
| bracted peperomia | Peperomia bracteata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia bracteata is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset at most. |
| Bracted Spiderwort | Tradescantia bracteata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tradescantia bracteata is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but the closely related T. fluminensis is listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (dermatitis). The sap of Tradescantia species can cause skin irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset in pets; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Bradbury's Beardtongue | Penstemon bradburii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon bradburii is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats, dogs, or horses. No confirmed toxic principle has been identified for the Penstemon genus (Plantaginaceae), but the safety status cannot be affirmed. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. Consult a vet if a pet consumes significant amounts. |
| Brade's begonia | Begonia bradei | tropical | Toxic | The genus Begonia is listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Contains soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion causes vomiting, salivation, and potential kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Bradley's Spleenwort | Asplenium bradleyi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No toxic compounds have been identified in Asplenium. ASPCA classifies other Asplenium species (e.g. A. nidus, Bird's Nest Fern) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A. bradleyi carries the same non-toxic genus profile with no reported adverse effects. |
| Braeburn apple | Malus domestica 'Braeburn' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The fruit flesh is harmless, but the stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides; wilting or chewed foliage and crushed seeds can release cyanide, causing brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting and shock. Keep prunings and windfall seeds away from pets. |
| Guadalupe palm | Brahea edulis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Brahea is not on the ASPCA database; true palms (Arecaceae) are generally regarded as non-toxic, but without species or genus grounding we treat it with caution. The fruit pulp is edible to humans, yet hard seeds and tough fibrous fronds can cause gastrointestinal upset or choking. Verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Crested Ladyfinger Cactus | Mammillaria elongata 'Cristata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Brandy Rose | Rosa 'Brandy' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species; toxic principle: none). The thorns are the only concern, posing a scratch hazard if a pet pushes through or chews the stems. |
| Hooded Brassavola | Brassavola cucullata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Brassavola cucullata is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The orchids the ASPCA does list (Phalaenopsis, Florida Butterfly Orchid/Encyclia tampensis) are non-toxic and Orchidaceae has no recognised toxic principle, so serious poisoning is unlikely; nonetheless, because this species/genus is not specifically listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Chewing may cause mild stomach upset, and pesticide or fertiliser residues are the greater hazard than the plant tissue. |
| Digby's Brassavola | Brassavola digbyana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Cattleya and Phalaenopsis as non-toxic) (e.g. Cattleya and Phalaenopsis are explicitly non-toxic, and Brassavola/Rhyncholaelia is a close Cattleya-alliance relative). No toxic principle is reported. As with any non-food plant, excessive chewing may cause mild, transient GI upset, and avoid pets ingesting plants treated with pesticides. |
| King Spider Orchid | Brassia Rex | flowering | Mildly toxic | Brassia is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The Orchidaceae family is generally regarded as non-toxic and the ASPCA lists Phalaenopsis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but this hybrid genus has no specific ASPCA listing, so keep it away from pets and call a vet if any part is eaten. |
| Long-tailed Spider Orchid | Brassia caudata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a true Orchidaceae species, Brassia caudata falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic orchid classification (do not confuse it with 'Brassaia/Brassia actinophylla', a synonym for toxic Schefflera, which is a different plant entirely). Mild stomach upset is possible if chewed, and pesticide/fertiliser residue is the main practical hazard. |
| Braun's Holly Fern | Polystichum braunii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum is a true fern genus and is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database; true ferns such as holly ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, though the bristly fronds may mildly irritate or cause minor digestive upset if chewed. |
| Braun's holly fern | Polystichum braunii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Polystichum species including P. falcatum (Fishtail Fern) and P. acrostichoides (Christmas Dagger Fern) as non-toxic to dogs and cats; the genus is considered non-toxic with no identified toxic principles. |
| Brazil nut | Bertholletia excelsa | edible | Mildly toxic | Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The nuts are very high in fat and selenium, and excess can cause GI upset or selenium toxicity in pets, so they should not be offered as treats. |
| Paraná pine | Araucaria angustifolia | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Araucaria (family Araucariaceae, as 'Australian Pine', Araucaria heterophylla) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and the Paraná pine is in the same genus. The seeds (pinhão) are edible for people once cooked. Foliage is very sharp, so the main hazard to pets is mechanical injury rather than poisoning. |
| Sinningia leucotricha | Sinningia leucotricha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia is covered by the ASPCA listing for Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. This gesneriad carries no known toxic principle, though ingestion of any plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Brazilian Jasmine | Mandevilla sanderi | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Brazilian Plume | Justicia carnea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No toxic compounds have been documented in Justicia carnea by the ASPCA or other recognised veterinary toxicology resources; it is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, though ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Brazilian rain tree | Chloroleucon tortum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Chloroleucon tortum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain and no pet-safe claim can be made. Some bonsai and plant sources flag it as toxic to cats and dogs, but this is not ASPCA-confirmed. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and consult a vet if ingested. The sharp thorns also pose a physical hazard. |
| Brazilian Sinningia | Sinningia brasiliensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs; Sinningia brasiliensis belongs to the same genus and family (Gesneriaceae) and is considered non-toxic, with no known toxic principles recorded. |
| Brazilian Tree Fern | Blechnum brasiliense | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blechnum ferns are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True ferns (family Blechnaceae) are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; no calcium oxalate crystals or other known toxic principles are present in this genus. |
| Brazilian Waterweed | Egeria densa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Egeria densa is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented. It is commonly used in aquaria with fish, goldfish, turtles, and amphibians, and is consumed by waterfowl and snails without reported harm. |
| Eastern Cape Giant Cycad | Encephalartos altensteinii | houseplant | Toxic | Encephalartos altensteinii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies cycads as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and all Encephalartos species contain the cycad toxins. The toxic principle cycasin causes vomiting, bloody diarrhea, jaundice and acute liver failure; seeds are most dangerous. Treat as highly toxic and keep away from pets and children; verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Breadfruit | Artocarpus altilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Artocarpus altilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before allowing pet access. The milky latex sap and unripe fruit are irritants and can cause mouth and gastrointestinal upset; the ripe cooked fruit is a human food but raw flesh and sap are best kept away from cats and dogs. |
| Breadnut | Artocarpus camansi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Artocarpus camansi (Moraceae) is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. The Moraceae family (which includes fig and mulberry) has some members with mildly irritating latex sap, but Artocarpus species have no documented toxic principles and the seeds are widely consumed by humans. |
| Breadtree | Encephalartos caffer | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos caffer are toxic to dogs, cats, livestock, and humans. Seeds and pith contain cycasin (azoxymethanol glycosides) causing liver necrosis, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and potentially fatal poisoning. Historical human use required extensive fermentation and leaching to detoxify the pith — raw consumption is dangerous. ASPCA classifies all cycads as severely toxic to pets. |
| Bressingham White Bergenia | Bergenia 'Bressingham White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bergenia 'Bressingham White' (Saxifragaceae) is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Bergenia. Despite the common name 'elephant's ears', this plant is unrelated to toxic Araceae. |
| Brewer Spruce | Picea breweriana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Picea breweriana is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. As with other Picea species, needles may cause mild GI irritation if large quantities are swallowed due to their sharp physical structure, but no systemic toxins are present. Considered pet-safe. |
| Brewer's mountain heather | Phyllodoce breweri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phyllodoce is in the Ericaceae family. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Ericaceae species broadly contain grayanotoxins, which can cause gastrointestinal upset and, in large quantities, more serious effects. Treat with caution around pets and children; avoid ingestion. |
| Brewer's Weeping Spruce | Picea breweriana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Picea breweriana is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as confirmed toxic; the resinous needles and bark contain irritant oils that may cause vomiting, drooling, or mild gastrointestinal distress in cats and dogs if consumed. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Brewster Lychee | Litchi chinensis 'Brewster' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Litchi chinensis is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic. The seeds of lychee contain methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPG), which has been linked to hypoglycaemic encephalopathy in humans (especially in malnourished children) and may pose risk to pets if seeds are ingested. The fruit flesh itself is not known to be toxic. Keep seeds away from pets and children, and consult a vet if seed ingestion is suspected. |
| Bridal Bouquet Plumeria | Plumeria pudica | tropical | Toxic | Like all Plumeria species, P. pudica produces a toxic milky latex sap in its stems, bark, and leaves. Ingestion causes gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs, cats, and humans. ASPCA classifies Plumeria as toxic to dogs and cats. Sap is also a dermal and ocular irritant — wear gloves when handling. |
| Tahitian Bridal Veil | Gibasis pellucida | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Gibasis pellucida is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the Commelinaceae (spiderwort) family alongside Tradescantia, which the ASPCA classes as toxic (sap dermatitis). Treat it with caution as a mild skin/GI irritant and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Vanhoutte Spirea | Spiraea × vanhouttei | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies Spiraea species as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, so Bridal Wreath Spirea is considered pet-safe. It lacks the toxic compounds of concern, though as with any plant, ingestion can cause mild, transient stomach upset, so discourage pets from grazing. |
| Brigham's Specklinia | Specklinia brighamii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Member of Orchidaceae. The ASPCA recognises multiple orchid genera as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Specklinia brighamii is not individually listed, but no toxic principle is known for the genus. Exercise standard caution with all small ornamental plants around pets. |
| Bright Bikinis strawflower | Helichrysum bracteatum 'Bright Bikinis' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum bracteatum 'Bright Bikinis', as a cultivar of H. bracteatum, carries the same precautionary status as the species. ASPCA does not specifically list this cultivar or the species as non-toxic; some Helichrysum species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children. |
| Giant salvia brillantaisia | Brillantaisia subulugurica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Brillantaisia subulugurica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Brillantaisia does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic plant lists. With no authoritative ASPCA grounding, treat it as uncertain and potentially mildly toxic; keep it away from cats and dogs and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Brilliant hibiscus | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Brilliant' | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (tropical hibiscus) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. However, ingestion of large quantities of flowers or leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset including vomiting and diarrhea. The plant is generally considered low-risk for companion animals but monitor pets that chew on it and seek veterinary advice if symptoms occur. |
| Brilliantelse Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum raddianum 'Brilliantelse' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum (maidenhair fern) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. As with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Brilliantissima red chokeberry | Aronia arbutifolia 'Brilliantissima' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aronia arbutifolia is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are associated with the genus. The berries are edible for humans (though astringent) and not associated with pet toxicity reports. |
| Bristle-Leaf Peperomia | Peperomia setosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species as non-toxic to dogs and cats; no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation at most. |
| Bristle-Leaved Air Plant | Tillandsia setacea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to both cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion may occasionally cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset due to plant fibre, but no toxic principles are present. |
| Great Basin bristlecone pine | Pinus longaeva | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Pine needles and resin may cause mild mouth irritation, drooling and gastrointestinal upset if ingested; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Bristly Lepanthes | Lepanthes horrida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Member of Orchidaceae; the family has no known toxic principle. Lepanthes horrida is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA confirms orchids broadly are non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds have been identified in the Lepanthes genus. |
| British Yellowhead | Inula britannica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Inula britannica is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic. No toxic compounds have been documented for this species in dogs or cats. The Inula genus and Asteraceae family members at this species level have no known toxicity; considered low risk for pets. |
| Britt-Marie Crawford ligularia | Ligularia dentata 'Britt-Marie Crawford' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ligularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Importantly, Ligularia (a relative of ragwort/Senecio) contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are hepatotoxic to grazing animals, so it should be regarded as potentially harmful — keep pets and livestock from eating it and seek veterinary advice if a significant amount is consumed. |
| Britten's Tiger Jaws | Faucaria britteniae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Faucaria species, including F. britteniae, are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and are widely reported as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No harmful compounds have been documented in the genus. The soft leaf teeth are harmless. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Brittle Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum tenerum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum ferns are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The genus contains no known toxic alkaloids or oxalates. |
| Britton Perilla | Perilla frutescens 'Britton' | edible | Mildly toxic | Perilla frutescens contains perilla ketones and triterpenoids that can cause pulmonary edema (especially in cattle and horses) and GI upset in dogs and cats if consumed in quantity. The ASPCA lists Perilla frutescens as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Not intended for pet access. |
| Aquadulce Claudia | Vicia faba 'Aquadulce Claudia' | edible | Toxic | Vicia faba is not listed as safe by the ASPCA; broad beans contain vicine and convicine, the compounds behind favism, and raw legumes are unsuitable for pets. Ingestion can cause vomiting and digestive upset, so keep beans away from cats and dogs and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Broad Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum latifolium | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Adiantum latifolium has no known toxic principles and is safe in pet-friendly settings. |
| Broad-leaf Horncone | Ceratozamia latifolia | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Ceratozamia latifolia contain cycasin (a potent hepatotoxin) and the neurotoxin BMAA, consistent with all Zamiaceae cycads. Ingestion by dogs or cats causes vomiting, diarrhoea, acute liver failure, and potentially fatal neurological effects. ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic. Seeds pose the greatest risk. Keep entirely out of reach of pets and children. |
| Broad-leaved Anubias | Anubias barteri | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Anubias barteri belongs to the family Araceae and contains calcium oxalate crystals, as is typical of aroids. ASPCA lists the Araceae family as toxic to cats and dogs, causing oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Considered mildly toxic — not life-threatening but keep away from pets that chew aquarium plants. |
| Broad-leaved grape hyacinth | Muscari latifolium | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Muscari species as toxic to dogs and cats. The plants contain saponins and other irritant compounds that cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy if ingested. |
| Broad-leaved Helleborine | Epipactis helleborine | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epipactis helleborine is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs, so confirmed safety cannot be stated. Scientific research has identified opioid-like alkaloids (including trace oxycodone and morphinan derivatives) in the nectar of this orchid, which have a narcotic intoxicating effect on its wasp pollinators. The significance of these compounds to cats or dogs ingesting plant material is unknown. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; keep pets away from the plant. |
| Broad-leaved lavender | Lavandula latifolia | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles linalool and linalyl acetate cause nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite on ingestion. |
| Broad-Leaved Lime | Tilia platyphyllos | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Tilia is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Tilia platyphyllos has no known toxic principles to companion animals. |
| Broad-leaved Pondweed | Potamogeton natans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potamogeton natans is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Pondweeds are native aquatic plants with no known toxic principles; they are actively grazed by waterfowl and other wildlife. |
| Broad-leaved primrose | Primula latifolia | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Primula (primrose) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The specific toxic principle is unknown; clinical signs include mild to moderate vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. |
| Broad-leaved sea lavender | Limonium platyphyllum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (Limonium sp.) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Broad-leaved Thyme | Thymus pulegioides | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus species (thyme) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Thymus pulegioides is a wild thyme species and shares this safety profile. No toxic principles are known for this genus. |
| Broad-Petalled Cranesbill | Geranium platypetalum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium species (cranesbills) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, in contrast to Pelargonium (florist's geranium), which is mildly toxic. |
| Broad-Sepal Gongora | Gongora latisepala | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gongora latisepala belongs to Orchidaceae. The ASPCA does not individually list Gongora latisepala, but orchids as a family are recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. |
| Broadleaf Bamboo | Sasa palmata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sasa palmata belongs to Poaceae (grass family). True bamboos contain no ASPCA-listed toxic compounds. No toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or irritant crystals are associated with Sasa species. Safe for dogs and cats. |
| Broadleaf Stonecrop | Sedum spathulifolium | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum spathulifolium belongs to the genus Sedum, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are documented for this species. |
| calabrese | Brassica oleracea var. italica | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Brassica species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses in quantity. Small amounts of cooked broccoli are widely fed to dogs without issue; large raw amounts cause GI upset. |
| urn plant | Bromeliaceae (various genera) | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Bromeliaceae (Guzmania, Aechmea, Neoregelia, Vriesea) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pineapple is also non-toxic. |
| bronze fennel | Foeniculum vulgare 'Purpureum' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; bronze fennel is the same species. Note the ASPCA caveat: low risk in small food quantities, but concentrated fennel oil should be avoided as it can cause photosensitivity. Do not confuse it with toxic 'dog fennel' (a different plant). |
| bronze sedge | Carex comans 'Bronze' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex comans is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and no specific toxic principle is documented. Treat with caution and verify with a vet: as with other sedges and ornamental grasses, ingested foliage can cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset, and fine fibrous blades may irritate the mouth or gut. |
| Broomsedge Bluestem | Andropogon virginicus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Andropogon virginicus is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic. Grasses in the Poaceae family have no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. Broomsedge is widely considered safe for wildlife and domestic animals. |
| Browneyed Susan | Rudbeckia triloba | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rudbeckia triloba is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with other Rudbeckias, leaf and stem hairs plus sesquiterpene lactones may cause mild mouth or skin irritation and gastrointestinal upset if ingested. |
| Browning Coelogyne | Coelogyne fuscescens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coelogyne is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principle is documented for the genus. The Orchidaceae family is broadly regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats by veterinary authorities. As a general precaution, discourage pets from chewing the plant. |
| Brueggers Vanhouttea | Vanhouttea brueggeri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vanhouttea brueggeri is a member of Gesneriaceae, which has no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. The genus Vanhouttea is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus or the broader gesneriad family, which is widely regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Siberian bugloss | Brunnera macrophylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Brunnera macrophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed. As a borage-family (Boraginaceae) plant it can contain low levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Jack Frost Siberian bugloss | Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Brunnera macrophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not confirmed. As a member of the borage family (Boraginaceae) it can contain low levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Looking Glass brunnera | Brunnera macrophylla 'Looking Glass' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Brunnera macrophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed. As a borage-family (Boraginaceae) plant it may contain low levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if ingested; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Brush Cherry | Syzygium australe | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Syzygium australe berries are edible bush tucker consumed by indigenous Australians and used in preserves. No toxic principles are documented for this species (PFAF 'none known'). ASPCA does not individually list Syzygium australe, but no toxic compounds have been identified in this genus; the species is considered low-risk for pets. Monitor pets for any digestive upset if large fruit quantities are consumed and contact a vet if concerned. |
| Brush-tipped Bursera | Bursera penicillata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bursera penicillata is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other Bursera species, its resinous sap contains aromatic terpenoids that may cause skin irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or children. Handle with care and keep away from animals that chew plants. |
| sprouts | Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA-equivalent risk: Brassica oleracea contains isothiocyanates; small amounts are safe but large quantities cause GI upset and gas in cats and dogs. |
| Cherry Palm | Pseudophoenix sargentii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pseudophoenix sargentii is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and its genus is not specifically classified, so it should be treated as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe; verify with a vet before trusting it around pets. It is a true palm (Arecaceae), unrelated to the toxic sago palm/Cycas that palms are often confused with. |
| Brownie Ghost Buce | Bucephalandra 'Brownie Ghost' | tropical | Toxic | Bucephalandra is a member of the Araceae (aroid) family. The ASPCA lists aroids as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); ingestion of this genus's tissue can cause intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat as toxic — keep pets from chewing emersed or removed plants. |
| Black pearl bucephalandra | Bucephalandra sp. 'Black Pearl' | houseplant | Toxic | Bucephalandra belongs to the aroid family (Araceae) and is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but aroids characteristically contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that the ASPCA classes as toxic to cats and dogs. Treat as toxic, expect oral irritation and drooling if chewed, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Brownie Miami bucephalandra | Bucephalandra sp. 'Brownie Miami' | houseplant | Toxic | Bucephalandra is a member of the arum family (Araceae), the same family as ASPCA-listed toxic aroids like Philodendron and Anubias relatives, all containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Though not individually listed by the ASPCA, treat it as toxic to cats and dogs: ingestion can cause oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. Keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Catherine's bucephalandra | Bucephalandra catherineae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Bucephalandra is an aroid (Araceae) but is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Most aroids contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that can irritate the mouth and digestive tract, so assume potential toxicity and keep away from pets that nibble. |
| Kedagang bucephalandra | Bucephalandra sp. 'Kedagang' | houseplant | Toxic | Bucephalandra belongs to the arum family (Araceae), the same family as ASPCA-listed toxic aroids like Philodendron, all of which contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it as toxic to cats and dogs: ingestion may cause oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Motley's bucephalandra | Bucephalandra motleyana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Bucephalandra is an aroid (Araceae) not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As most aroids hold insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that irritate the mouth and gut, assume possible toxicity and keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Sekadau bucephalandra | Bucephalandra sp. 'Sekadau' | houseplant | Toxic | Bucephalandra is an aroid (Araceae) and is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but aroids characteristically contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that the ASPCA classes as toxic to cats and dogs. Treat as toxic, expect oral irritation and drooling if chewed, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Theia green bucephalandra | Bucephalandra sp. 'Theia Green' | houseplant | Toxic | Bucephalandra is in the arum family (Araceae), the same family as ASPCA-listed toxic aroids such as Philodendron, all containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it as toxic to cats and dogs: ingestion may cause oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Wavy green bucephalandra | Bucephalandra sp. 'Wavy Green' | houseplant | Toxic | Bucephalandra is a member of the aroid family (Araceae) and is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but aroids characteristically contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that the ASPCA classes as toxic to cats and dogs. Treat as toxic, expect oral irritation and drooling if chewed, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Buchanan's Sage | Salvia buchananii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) genus is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Salvia buchananii is not individually listed, but belongs to the same non-toxic genus; exercise normal caution and avoid ingestion in large quantities. |
| Buchholtz's Billbergia | Billbergia buchholtzii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Billbergia buchholtzii has no known toxic principles. Its small, fine-toothed leaves present minimal physical hazard. Safe for households with pets. |
| Buchholz's Tylecodon | Tylecodon buchholzianus | houseplant | Toxic | Contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (cotyledoside, tyledosides) common to all Tylecodon species. These neurotoxic compounds cause serious cardiac and neurological symptoms. Well documented in the veterinary toxicology literature and by SANBI; not individually listed in the ASPCA database (which rarely covers rare specialist succulents from southern Africa). Treat as severely toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets. South African farmers routinely remove Tylecodon from grazing land due to livestock deaths. |
| Buckley's Beardtongue | Penstemon buckleyi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon buckleyi is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats, dogs, or horses. No confirmed toxic principle has been identified for the Penstemon genus (Plantaginaceae), but the safety status cannot be confirmed. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if ingested. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Buddha's Belly Bamboo | Bambusa ventricosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa ventricosa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboos contain no known toxic principles harmful to cats, dogs, or horses. Safe for pet-friendly households. |
| Buddha's hand | Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Citrus species as toxic to cats and dogs, with essential oils and psoralens as the toxic principles; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and, with skin contact, photosensitive dermatitis. The fragrant rind and oils of Buddha's hand fall under this citrus toxicity, so keep it away from pets. |
| Buddha Temple Plant | Crassula 'Buddha's Temple' | houseplant | Toxic | Treated as toxic to cats and dogs: the ASPCA lists Crassula (jade plant, C. ovata) as toxic with an unknown toxic principle causing vomiting, depression/lethargy and incoordination. Apply the same caution to this Crassula hybrid and keep it away from pets. |
| Buddhist pine | Podocarpus macrophyllus | houseplant | Toxic | Listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (as 'Buddhist Pine', Podocarpaceae). The toxic principle is unknown; ingestion causes vomiting and diarrhoea (colic in horses). Keep away from pets and do not confuse with the far more deadly true yews of genus Taxus. |
| Blue Chip butterfly bush | Buddleja davidii 'Tobudchip' (Blue Chip) | flowering | Mildly toxic | Buddleja davidii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No major toxic principle is documented, but ingesting leaves or flowers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. |
| Miss Ruby butterfly bush | Buddleja davidii 'Miss Ruby' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Buddleja davidii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No significant toxic principle is documented, but ingestion of foliage or flowers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| alternate-leaf butterfly bush | Buddleja alternifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Buddleja alternifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No significant toxic principle is documented for pets, but ingesting foliage or flowers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| White Profusion butterfly bush | Buddleja davidii 'White Profusion' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Buddleja davidii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No major toxic principle is documented for pets, but ingesting leaves or flowers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. |
| orange ball tree | Buddleja globosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Buddleja is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status should be treated as uncertain and verified with a vet before assuming it is safe. It is not regarded as seriously poisonous, but ingesting foliage or flowers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Buff Beauty | Rosa 'Buff Beauty' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species, 'Rose', non-toxic with no toxic principle). Note that thorns or prickles can still cause physical scratches and minor mouth irritation if chewed, but the plant tissue itself is not poisonous. |
| buffalo currant | Ribes odoratum | edible | Mildly toxic | Ribes odoratum is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe berries are edible for people, but ASPCA pet-safety is not established, so do not assume it is pet-safe and discourage pets from grazing the foliage or fruit. |
| silver buffaloberry | Shepherdia argentea | edible | Mildly toxic | Shepherdia argentea is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is uncertain; note it is a different genus from the non-toxic ASPCA-listed Elaeagnus 'silver berry.' The ripe berries are traditionally eaten by people (though saponin-rich and soapy when raw), but treat as uncertain for pets and verify with a vet before allowing access. Keep cats, dogs, and horses from browsing it. |
| Bugle | Ajuga reptans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ajuga reptans is considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The ASPCA lists Ajuga species as non-toxic. Mild gastrointestinal upset may occur if large quantities are ingested, but no toxic principle has been identified in the genus. |
| Bugle lily | Watsonia borbonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Watsonia is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but belongs to the Iridaceae family, within which Iris species are ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As a precaution, treat Watsonia borbonica as mildly toxic — the corms are the most likely source of irritant compounds. Symptoms of Iris-family ingestion include salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| bulbifer voodoo lily | Amorphophallus bulbifer | tropical | Toxic | Amorphophallus is an aroid (Araceae) genus containing insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the toxic principle the ASPCA flags across the aroid family; treat as toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing any part causes oral burning, drooling, and vomiting. The bulbils and corm are not food; keep all parts away from pets and children. |
| Bearded Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum barbigerum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bulbophyllum is on the ASPCA non-toxic list (listed as Cirrhopetalum / Old World Orchid, an Orchidaceae member non-toxic to cats and dogs), and orchids generally are non-toxic. No toxic principle is reported. Excessive chewing of any houseplant can still cause mild, temporary GI upset in pets, and avoid letting animals ingest plants treated with pesticides. |
| Elizabeth Ann Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum 'Elizabeth Ann' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bulbophyllum is on the ASPCA non-toxic list (listed as Cirrhopetalum / Old World Orchid, an Orchidaceae member non-toxic to cats and dogs), and orchids generally are non-toxic. No toxic principle is reported. As with any non-food plant, a pet chewing large amounts may get mild, passing GI upset, and avoid plants treated with pesticides. |
| Sickle-leaf Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum falcatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids (Orchidaceae) are broadly classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principle; the ASPCA lists relatives such as the Phalaenopsis and Leopard orchids as non-toxic. Bulbophyllum falcatum is not individually named, but no toxicity is recognised for the genus; large ingestions may cause mild GI upset only. |
| Long-tepalled Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum longissimum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae are broadly ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, lacking calcium oxalates or any recognised toxic principle; ASPCA-listed relatives include the Phalaenopsis and Leopard orchids. Bulbophyllum longissimum is not individually listed, but no genus toxicity is known. Ingesting large amounts may cause only mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Sheath Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum vaginatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are broadly listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principle; ASPCA names relatives such as the Phalaenopsis and Leopard orchids as non-toxic. Bulbophyllum vaginatum is not individually catalogued, but no toxicity is recognised for the genus. Large ingestions may cause mild GI upset only. |
| Bulbous Buttercup | Ranunculus bulbosus | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Buttercup (Ranunculus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is protoanemonin (derived from ranunculin), released when the plant is damaged. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, oral ulcers, depression, and wobbly gait. The fresh corm is particularly irritant; toxicity is reduced significantly on drying. |
| Bulbous corydalis | Corydalis bulbosa | flowering | Toxic | Corydalis species contain isoquinoline alkaloids (including corydaline and bulbocapnine) throughout all plant parts, including the tuber. These alkaloids are toxic to dogs and cats, with reported effects including ataxia, tremors, and cardiovascular depression. ASPCA lists Corydalis as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Keep pets away from all plant parts, particularly the tubers. |
| Bulbous Trichodiadema | Trichodiadema bulbosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trichodiadema is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the Aizoaceae family, which has no reported toxic principle to mammals. ASPCA lists the related Aizoaceae ice plant (Lampranthus piquet) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compound has been identified in Trichodiadema bulbosum. Consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| bullate nautilocalyx | Nautilocalyx bullatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nautilocalyx is a member of the Gesneriaceae family. The ASPCA lists numerous Gesneriaceae genera (Saintpaulia, Streptocarpus, Nematanthus, Episcia, Sinningia) as non-toxic. Nautilocalyx is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for this genus and the family has a strong non-toxic track record with pets. |
| Bullate Sinningia | Sinningia bullata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs; Sinningia bullata belongs to the same genus with no known toxic principles recorded. |
| Bunch-flowered Narcissus | Narcissus tazetta | flowering | Toxic | Narcissus tazetta, in common with all daffodil species, contains lycorine, narcissine, and calcium oxalate throughout. ASPCA classifies all Narcissus species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The bulbs are the most concentrated source. Ingestion causes hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, convulsions, and potentially serious cardiac effects. Paperwhite bulbs in pebble bowls are particularly accessible to pets indoors — keep well out of reach. Sap causes contact dermatitis. |
| Bunny ears cactus | Opuntia microdasys | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Bunny Ear cactus (Opuntia microdasys) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no toxic principle, so there is no chemical poisoning risk if it is nibbled. The important caveat is physical, not chemical: the pads are covered in glochids — fine, barbed bristles that detach at the lightest touch and embed in skin, mouths, paws and eyes, causing painful irritation and dermatitis. Site the plant well out of reach of curious pets, children and passing hands. |
| bunya pine | Araucaria bidwillii | edible | Mildly toxic | Araucaria bidwillii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) is ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, but this species is unclassified, so treat it cautiously. Stiff, sharp-pointed foliage can cause oral and digestive-tract injury if chewed, and the huge falling cones are a physical hazard. The nuts are a human food. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Burchard's Caralluma | Caralluma burchardii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Caralluma belongs to Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae, formerly Asclepiadaceae). It is not individually listed by ASPCA. Other Apocynaceae members contain cardenolides or other alkaloids; ingestion of any part may cause gastrointestinal distress in pets and humans. Treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Takinogawa burdock | Arctium lappa 'Takinogawa' | edible | Mildly toxic | Arctium lappa is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The cooked root is a long-established human food, but the plant's burred seed heads carry minute bristles that can mechanically injure a pet's eyes, mouth, and throat, and the raw plant may affect blood sugar. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. |
| Burgundy Glow Bugle | Ajuga reptans 'Burgundy Glow' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ajuga reptans 'Burgundy Glow' is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with the species, ingestion of plant material by dogs or cats may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation due to iridoid glycoside content. Treat as mildly toxic and discourage pets from grazing on the foliage. |
| Burgundy Lace Japanese Painted Fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Burgundy Lace' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium ferns belong to family Athyriaceae and are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Burgundy Lace, as a cultivar of Athyrium niponicum, carries the same safe status. No known toxic principles. |
| Burgundy Periwinkle | Vinca minor 'Atropurpurea' | flowering | Toxic | Vinca minor contains vinca alkaloids (vincamine, vinblastine-related compounds) toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The ASPCA lists Vinca species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, low blood pressure, neurological signs, and seizures. Keep pets away from this plant. |
| Burgundy rubber plant | Ficus elastica 'Burgundy' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Ficus (Indian rubber plant) as toxic, with toxic principles ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and ficusin (psoralen) concentrated in the milky white sap. Ingestion or sap contact can cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and decreased appetite. Keep out of reach of pets and wash hands after pruning. |
| Burke's Raphionacme | Raphionacme burkei | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Raphionacme burkei is in family Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae), a family known for cardenolides and alkaloids in many members. The genus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and specific toxic compound data for R. burkei is limited in peer-reviewed literature. However, given the Apocynaceae family history of cardiac glycoside activity and the plant's documented use in traditional medicine with care precautions, it should be treated as potentially harmful to pets. Keep away from dogs and cats. |
| Burkwood Viburnum | Viburnum × burkwoodii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Viburnum (Black Haw) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses and does not flag the genus as toxic, so this Burkwood hybrid is regarded as pet-safe. Eating leaves or berries may still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing on it. |
| Burmese Grape | Baccaurea ramiflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Baccaurea ramiflora (family Phyllanthaceae) is not listed by ASPCA. The fruit is widely consumed by humans across South and Southeast Asia and no toxic principles have been formally documented. However, the genus has not been individually assessed for pet safety by ASPCA. Prevent pets from ingesting seeds or large amounts of unripe fruit as a precaution. |
| Burnet Rose | Rosa pimpinellifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Rosa species as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. No toxic principles are reported for Rosa pimpinellifolia specifically; the hips are edible to wildlife and humans. The very dense, sharp bristles and prickles can cause mechanical injury to pets that push through the plant. |
| Burnet Saxifrage | Pimpinella saxifraga | herb | Mildly toxic | Pimpinella saxifraga is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Like many Apiaceae, it contains furanocoumarins, which can cause phototoxic skin reactions in humans on contact. No confirmed pet poisoning cases are on record, but in the absence of a verified ASPCA non-toxic listing, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if ingestion by a pet is suspected. |
| Burpless cucumber | Cucumis sativus 'Burpless Tasty Green' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Cucumis sativus, cucumber). No toxic principle is present; the worst from eating fruit or foliage is mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| burr oak | Quercus macrocarpa | edible | Toxic | Oak (Quercus) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is tannins (gallotannic and tannic acid), concentrated in acorns, buds and young leaves. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea (sometimes bloody), lethargy, abdominal pain and inappetence; large or repeated ingestion can lead to kidney and liver damage. Whole acorns can also cause GI obstruction. Keep fallen acorns away from pets and livestock. |
| Burrawang | Macrozamia communis | tropical | Toxic | Contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside), the same hepatotoxic compound found in Cycas revoluta. Ingestion by dogs or cats causes vomiting, diarrhoea, haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, liver failure, and can be fatal within 24–48 hours. Seeds are most concentrated. ASPCA classifies the closely related Cycas and Zamia genera as toxic; Macrozamia shares the same toxic profile. Seek immediate veterinary care. |
| Burrawang Palm | Macrozamia spiralis | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Macrozamia spiralis are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. The plant contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside), which causes vomiting, liver failure, and potentially death. Seeds (nuts) are the most concentrated source. The ASPCA classifies cycads (Macrozamia spp.) as toxic to dogs and cats. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| donkey tail | Sedum morganianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum morganianum is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Burser's Saxifrage | Saxifraga burseriana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga burseriana belongs to a genus with no recognised toxic principles. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been identified in veterinary literature; safe around pets and children. |
| Burton's Wax Plant | Hoya aff. burtoniae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The watery latex sap may cause very mild oral irritation if a pet chews a damaged stem, but no toxic principles are present. |
| Bush Allamanda | Allamanda schottii | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Allamanda schottii are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. The plant contains saponins and iridoid glycosides that cause vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal distress if ingested. Contact with the milky latex can irritate skin and eyes. Keep away from pets and children. The genus Allamanda is well-documented as toxic in horticultural poison-control literature. |
| Bush Cycad | Encephalartos trispinosus | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species are severely toxic to pets and humans. The seeds, roots, and leaves contain cycasin (azoxymethanol glycosides), which causes vomiting, liver necrosis, and can be fatal. ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after any ingestion. |
| Bush Hoya | Hoya cumingiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered safe around pets. Hoya cumingiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Hoya species flagged as toxic. As always, discourage nibbling and verify with your vet, since any plant can cause mild stomach upset if eaten. |
| Bush Vetch | Vicia sepium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Vicia sepium is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. The seeds contain low levels of cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion of large quantities may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets. Given the wider Vicia genus toxicity profile, mildly-toxic is the prudent classification. |
| Bushgrass | Calamagrostis arundinacea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calamagrostis species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs; this grass is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Bushy Aichryson | Aichryson dumosum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aichryson dumosum is not individually listed by ASPCA. Some sources note Aichryson laxum (a close relative) as non-toxic; however, the genus is not comprehensively evaluated by ASPCA. As a Crassulaceae member without confirmed bufadienolide compounds, it is considered at most mildly toxic. Mild gastric irritation is possible if ingested; consult a vet if a pet eats any. |
| yatay palm | Butia yatay | tropical | Mildly toxic | Butia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which classifies common true palms as non-toxic, and no toxic principle is recorded for the genus; its fruit is edible to humans. Veterinary databases do not flag jelly-palm fruit as toxic, though pets eating large amounts of fruit or fronds may get mild stomach upset and vomiting. Treat as low-risk but unconfirmed and verify with a vet; it is not a toxic sago cycad. |
| Flowering Rush | Butomus umbellatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Butomus umbellatus is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Its rhizomes are eaten by people in some regions, but without ASPCA confirmation do not assume pet safety; keep cats and dogs from grazing the foliage. |
| Butt's bougainvillea | Bougainvillea x buttiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | As with all Bougainvillea species, ASPCA lists the genus as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Sap contact causes dermatitis; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. The spines pose a risk of puncture wounds. Symptoms are typically mild and self-limiting; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Buttercup Squash | Cucurbita maxima 'Buttercup' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Buttercup squash (Cucurbita maxima) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Cooked or raw flesh is safe for pets in small quantities. Very large amounts of raw seeds may cause digestive upset. |
| Butterfield Holly Fern | Cyrtomium falcatum 'Butterfieldii' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyrtomium falcatum (Japanese holly fern) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Unlike the toxic 'asparagus fern' (an Asparagaceae), this is a true fern (Dryopteridaceae) with no toxic principles. |
| butterfly bush | Buddleja davidii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Buddleja davidii is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus contains iridoid glycosides and is considered mildly toxic to dogs and cats if ingested in significant quantities, potentially causing mild gastrointestinal upset. Unlikely to cause serious harm from casual contact. Caution advised around pets that chew foliage. |
| Butterfly Bush | Buddleja davidii 'Black Knight' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Buddleja davidii is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and it is not a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing either; sources conflict. Treat with caution as potentially mildly irritating if eaten and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Butterfly Bush | Buddleja davidii 'Pink Delight' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Buddleja davidii is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and is not a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing; reports conflict. Treat as uncertain and potentially mildly irritating if eaten, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. Discourage chewing. |
| Butterfly Gladiolus | Gladiolus papilio | flowering | Toxic | Gladiolus papilio is listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (ASPCA). All parts, especially the corms, contain compounds causing vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea if ingested. Keep pets away from all plant parts and stored corms. |
| butterfly weed | Asclepias tuberosa | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias) as toxic; some species contain cardiotoxins (steroidal glycosidic cardenolides) and others neurotoxins. Signs include vomiting, profound depression, weakness, anorexia and diarrhoea, potentially progressing to seizures, breathing difficulty, weak pulse and, in severe cases, death. |
| Butterhead Lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. capitata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lactuca sativa (lettuce) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. All lettuce varieties, including butterhead types, are safe for pets and humans. |
| butterhead lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. capitata 'Butterhead' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a non-toxic salad green and is widely recognised as safe for cats and dogs; it is not on the ASPCA's list of plants toxic to pets. It is not individually catalogued as a named ASPCA entry, but contains no known toxic principle. Offer only small, washed pieces, as excess can cause mild loose stools. |
| butternut | Juglans cinerea | edible | Toxic | Juglans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a walnut, butternut shares the family hazards: moldy nuts and husks can harbour tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) causing tremors and seizures in dogs, and the oily kernels risk GI upset or pancreatitis. Juglone is toxic to horses and sensitive animals. Remove fallen nuts and husks from pet and livestock areas; consult a vet on any ingestion. |
| butternut pumpkin | Cucurbita moschata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita species are not listed by the ASPCA. Safe around cats and dogs. |
| Button Cactus | Mammillaria prolifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| New Zealand button fern | Pellaea rotundifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pellaea rotundifolia is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| button peperomia | Peperomia congesta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia congesta is non-toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA's Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant list. Ingestion of large quantities may cause minor gastrointestinal upset but is not considered dangerous. |
| Crucifix Orchid | Epidendrum radicans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Epidendrum (Spice Orchid) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and orchids carry no toxic principle, so Epidendrum radicans is treated as pet-safe. As with any houseplant, eating large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage chewing. |
| buttonwood | Conocarpus erectus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conocarpus erectus is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so no pet-safe assurance can be given. Plant-safety sources report it contains saponins and tannins that can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Byfield Fern Cycad | Bowenia spectabilis | tropical | Toxic | Bowenia spectabilis is a cycad and contains macrozamin and other azoxy glycosides — potent hepatotoxins and neurotoxins. All parts are toxic to dogs, cats, livestock, and humans. Seeds are most concentrated but fronds and the underground tuber are also dangerous. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after ingestion. |
| Byzantine colchicum | Colchicum byzantinum | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Colchicum byzantinum — corm, flower, leaf, and seed — contain the alkaloid colchicine and related chemicals. The ASPCA lists Colchicum autumnale (Autumn Crocus / Meadow Saffron) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the same toxins are present throughout the genus. Ingestion can cause severe vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, respiratory failure, organ damage, bone marrow suppression, and death. There is no antidote. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Byzantine Gladiolus | Gladiolus communis subsp. byzantinus | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Gladiolus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The specific toxic compound is unknown, but ingestion — particularly of the corms — causes salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhoea. The corms contain the highest concentration of the toxic compound. Keep pets away from plants and especially from corms at planting or lifting time. |
| C.D. Eason bell heather | Erica cinerea 'C.D. Eason' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica cinerea cultivars including 'C.D. Eason' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in the Erica genus for dogs, cats, or horses. Commonly grown in gardens accessible to pets without reported harm. |
| Cabada Palm | Dypsis cabadae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis cabadae is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Dypsis, including D. lutescens (areca palm), is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are known for this species. The Arecaceae family is generally regarded as safe for companion animals. |
| summer cabbage | Brassica oleracea var. capitata | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Brassica species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses in quantity due to isothiocyanates. Small culinary amounts are tolerated; large raw amounts cause GI upset. |
| Sabal Palm | Sabal palmetto | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruits are eaten by wildlife and the heart was historically eaten by people, but Sabal palmetto carries no formal ASPCA non-toxic rating, so we do not assert pet-safe. Monitor pets and consult a vet if foliage or fruit is eaten. |
| Cabernet Sauvignon grape | Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' | edible | Mildly toxic | Vitis vinifera grapes are listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats, with grapes and raisins documented to cause acute kidney failure in dogs at an unknown toxic threshold. Any grape ingestion by a dog should be treated as a veterinary emergency. The toxic compound remains unidentified. Cats are also at risk. |
| Cacao | Theobroma cacao | tropical | Toxic | Cacao is toxic to cats and dogs because it contains the methylxanthines theobromine and caffeine, the same compounds that make chocolate (made from these beans) dangerous to pets per the ASPCA and Merck Veterinary Manual. Ingestion of pods, beans or leaves can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hyperactivity, racing heart, tremors and seizures; keep all plant parts away from pets. |
| desert cactus | Cactaceae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Most true cacti are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. The bigger risk for pets is mechanical injury from spines and glochids. |
| Cadiz Thrift | Armeria gaditana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Armeria gaditana is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles have been identified in this species or the broader Armeria genus. Applied as mildly-toxic as a precautionary classification; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Café au Lait Dahlia | Dahlia pinnata 'Café au Lait' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia species as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing mild gastrointestinal upset and possible skin irritation. Not considered life-threatening. Tubers contain higher concentrations of irritant compounds than foliage — store out of reach of pets. |
| Cajuru Vine | Fridericia chica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Fridericia chica is not individually listed by ASPCA. Available horticultural sources record 'no known hazards.' It belongs to Bignoniaceae, a family generally considered low in toxicity. The plant is widely used in traditional medicine, with leaf extracts studied for their anti-inflammatory properties. No formally documented pet toxicity exists, but formal ASPCA assessment is absent. Treat with routine caution around pets and small children. |
| calabrese | Brassica oleracea var. italica 'Calabrese' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA even lists broccoli among foods that can be shared in moderation. As a brassica it contains isothiocyanates, so large amounts can cause GI irritation and gas; keep it to small, occasional portions rather than a staple. |
| angel wings | Caladium bicolor | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Causes oral irritation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Carolyn Whorton caladium | Caladium 'Carolyn Whorton' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Fannie Munson caladium | Caladium 'Fannie Munson' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Caladium (also called elephant's ear, malanga) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well away from pets and children. |
| Florida Sweetheart Caladium | Caladium bicolor 'Florida Sweetheart' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals are the toxic principle; chewing any part, including the tuber, causes burning oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The dormant stored tuber remains toxic. Keep the plant and tubers out of reach of pets and children. |
| Puppy Love caladium | Caladium 'Puppy Love' | houseplant | Toxic | Despite the name, this is not pet-safe. ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats and dogs; its insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Red Flash Caladium | Caladium bicolor 'Red Flash' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves, petioles or tuber causes intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The stored dormant tuber is also toxic. Keep the plant and tubers away from pets and children. |
| Thai Beauty caladium | Caladium 'Thai Beauty' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats and dogs. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and swallowing difficulty if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| White Queen Caladium | Caladium bicolor 'White Queen' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves, petioles or tuber causes intense oral and tongue burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The dormant tuber is also toxic. Keep plant and stored tubers away from pets and children. |
| Aaron caladium | Caladium bicolor 'Aaron' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium (Caladium hortulanum) as toxic to cats and dogs. Leaves and tuber contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The tuber is the most concentrated part, so keep plants and stored tubers away from pets. |
| Candidum caladium | Caladium bicolor 'Candidum' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Caladium contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The tubers carry the highest concentration; keep well away from pets and children. |
| Florida Cardinal caladium | Caladium 'Florida Cardinal' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. Chewing releases needle-like raphide crystals that cause oral and tongue irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The tubers are considered especially potent. |
| Florida Elise caladium | Caladium 'Florida Elise' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Caladium contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The tubers are the most concentrated part; keep away from pets and children. |
| Freida Hemple caladium | Caladium 'Freida Hemple' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant carries insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing triggers oral burning, profuse drooling, vomiting, and oral swelling. Keep foliage and tubers away from curious pets. |
| Gingerland caladium | Caladium 'Gingerland' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium (Caladium hortulanum) as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves and tuber contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The tuber is especially potent, so keep it away from pets. |
| Linden's caladium | Caladium lindenii | houseplant | Toxic | As an aroid in the Caladium/Xanthosoma group, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. ASPCA lists both Caladium and Xanthosoma as toxic to cats and dogs; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Miss Muffet caladium | Caladium 'Miss Muffet' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium (Caladium hortulanum) as toxic to cats and dogs. Leaves and tuber contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The tuber is the most concentrated part, so keep plants and stored tubers away from pets. |
| Moonlight caladium | Caladium 'Moonlight' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Caladium contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning and irritation, swelling, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. The tubers are especially toxic; keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Pink Cloud caladium | Caladium 'Pink Cloud' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium (Caladium hortulanum) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep tubers and foliage away from pets. |
| Postman Joyner caladium | Caladium 'Postman Joyner' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium (Caladium hortulanum) as toxic to cats and dogs. Leaves and tuber contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The tuber is especially potent, so keep growing plants and stored tubers away from pets. |
| Strawberry Star caladium | Caladium 'Strawberry Star' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Caladium as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral pain, intense drooling, vomiting, and swelling that can make swallowing difficult. Keep all parts, including dormant tubers, out of pets' reach. |
| White Christmas caladium | Caladium bicolor 'White Christmas' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Caladium contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The tubers are especially potent; keep away from pets and children. |
| Panama orange | Citrus × microcarpa | edible | Toxic | Toxic to pets. The ASPCA lists Calamondin Orange (scientific name Citrus mitis — a synonym of Citrus × microcarpa, family Rutaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, alongside other citrus such as orange and lemon. The toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens concentrated in the leaves, peel, stems and seeds; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea and depression, and skin contact with the oils can trigger dermatitis and photosensitivity. The ripe fruit flesh itself is edible, but the rest of the plant is not — keep pets from chewing the foliage and contact your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center if they do. |
| calamansi | Citrus × microcarpa | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Calamondin Orange (Citrus mitis, a synonym of Citrus x microcarpa, family Rutaceae) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principles are citrus essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens, concentrated in the peel, leaves, and stems; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and potential photosensitivity (dermatitis). The fruit flesh is lower-risk, but keep pets from chewing the plant and call your vet if it is eaten. |
| calamondin | × Citrofortunella microcarpa | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Calamondin Orange as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles — essential oils and psoralens in the peel, leaves, and stems — cause vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and potential photosensitive dermatitis. The sour fruit is used in cooking by people, but keep pets from chewing the plant, peel, or fallen fruit. |
| Forest Calanthe | Calanthe sylvatica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Calanthe sylvatica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While ASPCA-listed orchids such as Phalaenopsis are classed non-toxic to cats and dogs, this genus is not confirmed on the ASPCA list, so treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Three-lobed Calanthe | Calanthe triplicata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calanthe is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Orchidaceae is broadly considered non-toxic and the ASPCA classifies representative orchids (Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Ingestion may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset at most; consult a vet if your pet is unusually sensitive. |
| Vested Calanthe | Calanthe vestita | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calanthe is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the orchid family is broadly regarded as non-toxic and the ASPCA lists representative orchids (Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Ingestion may at most cause mild stomach upset; verify with a vet if your pet is especially sensitive. |
| prayer-plant cousin | Calathea (Goeppertia) spp. | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Calathea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. One of the safest tropicals for pet households. |
| Calathea Flamestar | Goeppertia veitchiana 'Flamestar' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and 'Flamestar' (Goeppertia veitchiana, a renamed Calathea) is not an aroid so contains no calcium oxalates. The exact cultivar is not individually listed; the genus entry covers it and no Calathea is listed as toxic, but if a pet eats a large amount, mild self-limiting stomach upset is possible, so verify with your vet if concerned. |
| Calathea Flamestar | Goeppertia 'Flamestar' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia hybrid in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, it contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principles. Pet-safe, though eating large amounts of any houseplant can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Calathea 'Maui Queen' | Goeppertia louisae 'Maui Queen' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. 'Maui Queen' belongs to this group (Goeppertia is the reclassified name for many former Calathea), so it is considered pet-safe; no Calathea/Goeppertia is listed as toxic. As with any plant, nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset — verify with your vet if concerned. |
| Calathea Stromata | Goeppertia 'Stromata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia (Stromanthe-allied prayer plant) in the Marantaceae family, it contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principles. Pet-safe, though consuming large amounts of any houseplant may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Albert's calathea | Goeppertia albertii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (genus Calathea, family Marantaceae). Safe for homes with pets; the worst likely outcome from chewing leaves is mild, transient stomach upset, not toxicity. |
| Calathea bachemiana | Goeppertia bachemiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Calathea/Goeppertia (Marantaceae prayer plants) carries no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principles. Safe around pets, though nibbling foliage may still cause mild, transient stomach upset in sensitive animals. |
| reed-stem calathea | Goeppertia bacillaris | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plant it lacks insoluble calcium oxalates and is considered safe for pet households; nibbling may still cause minor stomach upset. |
| Calathea Beauty Star | Goeppertia ornata 'Beauty Star' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The cultivar 'Beauty Star' is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Calathea/Goeppertia members (such as Calathea lancifolia, the Rattlesnake Plant) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no toxic members in the genus. Treat it as pet-safe, though eating large amounts of foliage may cause mild, mechanical stomach upset; verify with your vet if a pet is symptomatic. |
| Binot's calathea | Goeppertia lietzei 'Binotii' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia (prayer plants) are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so 'Binotii' is safe around pets; eating foliage may still cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Calathea Compactstar | Goeppertia setosa 'Compactstar' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants as non-toxic to cats and dogs. There is no toxic principle; eating a large amount of fibrous leaf may still cause mild, short-lived digestive upset. |
| ice blue calathea | Goeppertia burle-marxii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a member of the prayer-plant family Marantaceae (Calathea/Goeppertia), it carries no calcium oxalates or other toxic principles per ASPCA classification. Ingesting large amounts of foliage may still cause minor, short-lived digestive upset. |
| compact star calathea | Goeppertia majestica 'Compact Star' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (genus Calathea, family Marantaceae). Safe to keep around pets; very large quantities of any foliage may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Freddie calathea | Goeppertia concinna | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants (Marantaceae) carry no toxic principles. Non-toxic does not mean edible — large quantities of foliage may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Tassmania eternal flame calathea | Goeppertia crocata 'Tassmania' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia, it contains no insoluble calcium oxalates and is safe around pets; the colourful bracts pose no known toxic risk, though ingestion may cause minor stomach upset. |
| rattlebox calathea | Goeppertia crotalifera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (genus Calathea, family Marantaceae). Safe around pets; the dense foliage poses no poisoning risk, though gorging on leaves could cause mild stomach upset in any animal. |
| cylindrical calathea | Goeppertia cylindrica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The prayer-plant family Marantaceae (Calathea/Goeppertia, Maranta, Stromanthe) is classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, containing no calcium oxalates or toxic principles. Large quantities of any foliage may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Calathea Dottie | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Dottie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Calathea / prayer plant, family Marantaceae). No calcium oxalates or other toxic principles are reported. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, but it is a recognised pet-safe choice. |
| Ecuadorian calathea | Goeppertia ecuatoriana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Marantaceae prayer-plant genera, including Calathea/Goeppertia, are classified non-toxic by the ASPCA and contain no calcium oxalates or toxic compounds. As with any plant, eating a large amount of foliage can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Exotica calathea | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Exotica' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia (prayer plants) are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so 'Exotica' is safe around pets, though eating leaves may cause mild, short-lived digestive upset. |
| Calathea fasciata | Goeppertia fasciata (syn. Calathea fasciata) | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Goeppertia/Calathea fasciata is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but its genus is clean: ASPCA lists genus members such as Calathea insignis (Prayer Plant) and Maranta insignis as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no toxic Calathea members. Treated as pet-safe; verify with your vet, as fibrous leaves may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Calathea fasciata | Goeppertia fasciata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, round-leaf calathea contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other documented toxic principle and is safe around pets and children. As always, chewing foliage may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Calathea Freddie | Goeppertia concinna 'Freddie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA lists the genus (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and Goeppertia concinna is the reclassified name for Calathea concinna, so it is covered; no Calathea/Goeppertia species is listed as toxic. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| leopard plant calathea | Goeppertia leopardina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants (Marantaceae) carry no toxic principles. Non-toxic does not mean edible — large amounts of foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| leopard splash calathea | Goeppertia leopardina 'Splash' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants contain no insoluble calcium oxalates, so they are among the safest foliage plants for homes with pets; nibbling may still cause minor stomach upset. |
| white fusion calathea | Goeppertia lietzei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants (Marantaceae) contain no toxic principles. Non-toxic does not mean edible — ingesting large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset. |
| Brazilian star calathea | Goeppertia loeseneri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia species (Marantaceae prayer plants) contain no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic compounds, including the flowers. Pet-safe, though ingesting any plant in quantity may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Thai beauty calathea | Goeppertia louisae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants (Marantaceae) carry no toxic principles. Non-toxic does not mean edible — large quantities of foliage may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Calathea Maui Queen | Goeppertia louisae 'Maui Queen' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Being a Calathea/Goeppertia in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, 'Maui Queen' contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other recognised toxic principle and is safe around pets and children. Chewing any houseplant may still cause mild digestive upset. |
| Calathea Thai Beauty | Goeppertia louisae 'Thai Beauty' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, 'Thai Beauty' has no insoluble calcium oxalates or other documented toxic principle and is safe around pets and children. As with any plant, chewing the leaves may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Cuban cigar | Goeppertia lutea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia species (Marantaceae prayer plant), it contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principles. Pet-safe; the large leaves are also used traditionally to wrap food. Mild digestive upset is still possible if eaten in quantity. |
| Royal Blue calathea | Goeppertia majestica 'Royal Blue' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia cultivar in the prayer-plant family Marantaceae, it carries no calcium oxalates or toxic principles per ASPCA classification. Eating a large quantity of leaves may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| majestica Sanderiana calathea | Goeppertia majestica 'Sanderiana' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea (now classified as Goeppertia) is part of the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae) and carries no toxic principle, so it is safe around pets; a large nibble may still cause mild, passing stomach upset. |
| Calathea Medallion | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Medallion' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, which covers this cultivar (botanically Calathea/Goeppertia roseopicta). Note that ingesting any plant can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| shining calathea | Goeppertia micans | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (genus Calathea, family Marantaceae). Safe around pets; eating a large quantity of leaves might cause minor, short-lived digestive upset but no true poisoning. |
| miraculous calathea | Goeppertia mirabilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea (Goeppertia) belongs to the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae), which has no toxic principle, so it is safe around pets; as with any houseplant, eating a large amount may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Calathea Misto | Goeppertia 'Misto' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Calathea / prayer plant, family Marantaceae). No toxic calcium oxalates are present. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if a pet eats a large amount, as with any houseplant, but it is recognised as pet-safe. |
| Calathea Network | Goeppertia kegeljanii 'Network' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Calathea / prayer plant, family Marantaceae). It contains no calcium oxalates or other reported toxic principles. Eating a large quantity may cause mild stomach upset, as with any plant, but it is recognised as a pet-safe houseplant. |
| gold network calathea | Goeppertia musaica 'Gold' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia (prayer plants) are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so this gold 'Network' form is pet-safe; ingesting foliage may still cause minor stomach upset. |
| Round-leaved calathea | Goeppertia orbifolia (syn. Calathea orbifolia) | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and this covers Calathea/Goeppertia orbifolia. As with any houseplant, a curious pet that chews leaves may get mild, transient stomach upset, but the plant contains no toxic principles. |
| silver orbifolia calathea | Goeppertia orbifolia 'Silver' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia (prayer plants) are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so the 'Silver' orbifolia is pet-safe; ingesting foliage may still cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Pinstripe Calathea | Goeppertia ornata 'Sanderiana' (syn. Calathea ornata 'Sanderiana') | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and this genus-level entry covers Calathea ornata 'Sanderiana'. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts may cause mild, temporary stomach upset, so verify with your vet if your pet has eaten a lot. |
| beauty calathea | Goeppertia ornata 'Beauty' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea ornata, like all Calathea (Goeppertia) in the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae), has no toxic principle and is safe around pets; eating a large amount of leaf may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| dark pink pinstripe calathea | Goeppertia ornata 'Dark Pink' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia (prayer plants) are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so 'Dark Pink' pinstripe is pet-safe; nibbling may still cause minor stomach upset. |
| silver calathea | Goeppertia picturata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants (Marantaceae) contain no toxic principles. Non-toxic does not mean edible — ingestion of large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Silver Calathea | Goeppertia picturata 'Argentea' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and this cultivar belongs to that genus (recently reclassified to Goeppertia). It contains no known toxic compounds, though the fibrous leaves may cause mild, temporary stomach upset if a pet chews large amounts. |
| Calathea Argentea | Goeppertia picturata 'Argentea' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, 'Argentea' contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other documented toxic principle and is safe around pets and children. As with any plant, chewing it may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Calathea Vandenheckei | Goeppertia picturata 'Vandenheckei' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Being a Calathea/Goeppertia in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, 'Vandenheckei' has no insoluble calcium oxalates or other recognised toxic principle, so it is safe to keep around pets and children. Chewing any houseplant may still cause mild digestive upset. |
| prince calathea | Goeppertia princeps | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (genus Calathea, family Marantaceae). Safe for pet households; the only realistic risk is mild, temporary stomach upset if a pet eats a large amount of leaf material. |
| propinqua calathea | Goeppertia propinqua | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia/Calathea prayer plants contain no insoluble calcium oxalates and are safe in homes with pets; ingesting large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Calathea Corona | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Corona' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Calathea roseopicta / prayer plant, family Marantaceae). No calcium oxalates or other toxic principles are reported. Mild stomach upset is possible if a pet eats a large amount, as with any houseplant, but it is recognised as pet-safe. |
| Calathea Cynthia | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Cynthia' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia in the prayer-plant family Marantaceae, 'Cynthia' contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other documented toxic principle, making it safe around pets and children. Excessive chewing may still upset a sensitive stomach. |
| Calathea Princess Jessie | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Princess Jessie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia (Marantaceae prayer plants) carry no insoluble calcium oxalates or other recognised toxic principle; this cultivar is safe to keep around pets and children, though nibbling any plant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Calathea Rosy | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Rosy' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Calathea roseopicta / prayer plant, family Marantaceae). No calcium oxalates or other toxic principles are reported. Eating a lot of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, as with any plant, but it is a recognised pet-safe species. |
| Calathea Surprise Star | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Surprise Star' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Being a Calathea/Goeppertia in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, 'Surprise Star' has no insoluble calcium oxalates or other recognised toxic compound, so it is safe around pets and children. Nibbling any houseplant can still cause minor digestive upset. |
| blue grass calathea | Goeppertia rufibarba 'Blue Grass' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia/Calathea prayer plants lack the insoluble calcium oxalates found in toxic aroids, making this a pet-friendly foliage choice; large quantities may still cause mild digestive upset. |
| Calathea sanderiana | Goeppertia ornata var. sanderiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia ornata variety in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, it contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principles. Pet-safe, though consuming large amounts of any plant can cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| grey star ctenanthe | Ctenanthe setosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Ctenanthe, a Marantaceae prayer-plant genus, contains no toxic principles. Non-toxic does not mean edible — ingesting large amounts of foliage may cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset. |
| stromanthe-leaf calathea | Goeppertia stromanthifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (genus Calathea, family Marantaceae). Safe to grow in homes with pets; at worst, eating a lot of foliage may cause brief, mild gastrointestinal upset, not poisoning. |
| Tropic Snow calathea | Goeppertia majestica 'Tropic Snow' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia (prayer plants) are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so 'Tropic Snow' is safe around pets, though chewing leaves may cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| wavy calathea | Goeppertia undulata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plant it lacks the insoluble calcium oxalates of toxic aroids and is safe around pets; nibbling may still cause minor stomach upset. |
| Calathea Wavestar | Goeppertia undulata 'Wavestar' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea/Goeppertia (undulata) cultivar in the Marantaceae prayer-plant family, it contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principles. Pet-safe, though eating large amounts of any houseplant can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Veitch's calathea | Goeppertia veitchiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Calathea (Goeppertia) in the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae), it has no toxic principle and is safe around pets; eating a large amount of leaf may nonetheless cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Calathea Vittata | Goeppertia elliptica 'Vittata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Goeppertia elliptica 'Vittata' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists the Calathea genus ("Calathea spp.", family Marantaceae) along with Calathea lancifolia and Calathea insignis as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no Calathea or Goeppertia listed as toxic. Considered pet-safe; verify with your vet. Eating large amounts of any plant can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Jungle Velvet Calathea | Goeppertia warszewiczii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Goeppertia warszewiczii is a reclassified Calathea covered by this genus listing, which is clean (all listed Calathea and Maranta entries are non-toxic, none toxic), so it is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset; verify with your vet if your pet has eaten any. |
| jungle velvet calathea | Goeppertia warscewiczii 'Jungle Velvet' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea (Goeppertia) is part of the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae), which carries no toxic principle, so 'Jungle Velvet' is safe around pets; eating a large amount of foliage may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| dark jungle velvet calathea | Goeppertia warscewiczii 'Dark' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (genus Calathea, family Marantaceae). Safe in pet households; the abundant foliage poses no poisoning risk, though eating a lot may cause mild, passing stomach upset. |
| Velvet Touch calathea | Goeppertia warscewiczii 'Velvet Touch' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea/Goeppertia (prayer plants) are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so 'Velvet Touch' is pet-safe; chewing leaves may still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Calathea White Fusion | Goeppertia lietzei 'White Fusion' (syn. Calathea lietzei 'White Fusion') | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and NC State Extension confirms Goeppertia lietzei is non-toxic to pets and humans. The only caveat is that the sap may cause mild contact dermatitis on handling, so wash hands after pruning or dividing; this is a skin note, not an ingestion-toxicity risk. |
| white star calathea | Goeppertia majestica 'White Star' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and 'White Star' is a cultivar of this group. It is safe for homes with pets, though chewing a large amount of foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Calathea wiotii | Goeppertia wiotii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a member of Calathea/Goeppertia (Marantaceae prayer plants), it contains no insoluble calcium oxalates or recognised toxic principles. Considered pet-safe, though large quantities of any plant material can cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Calathea Yellow Fusion | Goeppertia lietzei 'Yellow Fusion' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is present; eating a large amount of fibrous leaf may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| dwarf zebra calathea | Goeppertia zebrina 'Humilior' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (genus Calathea, family Marantaceae). A safe choice for pet households; ingestion of large amounts of leaves may at most cause minor, passing digestive upset. |
| Starter zebra calathea | Goeppertia zebrina 'Starter' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia zebrina, like all prayer plants, contains no insoluble calcium oxalates and is safe around pets; ingestion of large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| slipper flower | Calceolaria × herbeohybrida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calceolaria is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as drooling or vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if a cat or dog eats any. |
| pot marigold | Calendula officinalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calendula officinalis (pot marigold / garden marigold) is listed by botanical name in the ASPCA database as non-toxic to both dogs and cats, with no toxic principles. Do not confuse it with the common bedding "marigolds" of the genus Tagetes (French/African marigold), which are a different genus that Pet Poison Helpline notes can cause mild gastrointestinal or skin irritation from the sap. Because they share the "marigold" common name but differ in toxicity, always confirm the botanical name before assuming a given marigold is pet-safe. |
| Indian Prince marigold | Calendula officinalis 'Indian Prince' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle; this cultivar shares that status. It is distinct from true marigolds (Tagetes), which are mildly toxic. Large amounts of any plant may still cause mild GI upset. |
| Radio pot marigold | Calendula officinalis 'Radio' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. Note this is distinct from true marigolds (Tagetes), which are mildly toxic. Eating large amounts may still cause mild stomach upset, as with any plant. |
| Cabaret Deep Blue Calibrachoa | Calibrachoa × hybrida 'Cabaret Deep Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies Calibrachoa as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Despite its membership of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), it does not carry significant toxic alkaloids like solanine. Eating large amounts of foliage may cause only mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| MiniFamous Double Amethyst | Calibrachoa × hybrida 'MiniFamous Double Amethyst' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies Calibrachoa as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Though in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), it lacks significant toxic alkaloids such as solanine. Ingesting large quantities of foliage may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset in pets. |
| Superbells Lemon Slice | Calibrachoa × hybrida 'Superbells Lemon Slice' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies Calibrachoa as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Despite belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae), it does not contain significant levels of solanine or other harmful alkaloids. Eating large amounts of foliage may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Superbells Trailing Blue | Calibrachoa × hybrida 'Superbells Trailing Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies Calibrachoa as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Although it sits within the nightshade family (Solanaceae), it lacks significant toxic alkaloids such as solanine. Large ingestions of foliage may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| calico aster | Symphyotrichum lateriflorum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Symphyotrichum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Calico flower | Aristolochia elegans | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Aristolochia elegans (syn. A. littoralis) contain aristolochic acids — nephrotoxic and carcinogenic compounds capable of causing irreversible kidney failure. Toxic to humans, cats, dogs, and other animals if ingested. Keep away from children and pets at all times. Also note this species is lethal to Pipevine swallowtail butterfly larvae despite superficial similarity to their host plants. |
| Califano's Dioon | Dioon califanoi | tropical | Toxic | All Dioon species (Zamiaceae) contain cycasin and related neurotoxic and hepatotoxic glycosides. Every part of the plant — seeds, leaves, and caudex — is toxic to dogs, cats, livestock, and humans; seeds carry the highest concentration. ASPCA classifies cycads (including Dioon) as severely toxic to pets. Veterinary emergency care is required after any ingestion. |
| Desert Barrel Cactus | Ferocactus cylindraceus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ferocactus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so chemical pet-safety is not established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The genus has no notable toxic principle, but the real danger is mechanical — stout hooked spines can pierce a pet's mouth, paws, or gut and may require surgical removal. Keep well out of reach. |
| Desert Fan Palm | Washingtonia filifera | tropical | Mildly toxic | Washingtonia filifera is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic-or-non-toxic database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not a known-toxic genus, but ingested fronds or seeds may cause mild GI upset, and the spined petioles can injure pets that chew or brush against them. |
| California Fawn Lily | Erythronium californicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium californicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Liliaceae family member, ingestion of corms or leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. It is not a true lily (Lilium) and is not associated with the feline nephrotoxicity of that genus, but prudence dictates treating it as potentially irritating. Keep away from pets and children. |
| California Giant Chain Fern | Woodwardia fimbriata 'California Giant' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Woodwardia fimbriata is a true chain fern with no known toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to the Blechnaceae family, which has no documented pet toxicity. |
| California Juniper | Juniperus californica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus californica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but junipers (Juniperus spp.) are documented as minor-toxicity plants — ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and GI upset in cats and dogs, and the genus includes the highly irritant J. sabina. Treat as mildly toxic, keep trimmings away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| California Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum jordanii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Adiantum jordanii has no known toxic principles and is safe for pet-friendly households. |
| California Nutmeg | Torreya californica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Torreya californica belongs to the Taxaceae family. The seeds contain toxic alkaloids and should not be consumed raw by humans or animals. ASPCA does not individually list Torreya californica, but as a Taxaceae member in the same family as toxic Taxus (yew) species, and given veterinary literature reporting toxicity of Torreya seeds, treat this plant as potentially harmful to dogs and cats and keep it out of reach. |
| California Polypody | Polypodium californicum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Polypodium californicum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and has no confirmed safety assessment for cats or dogs. Because its status cannot be verified from authoritative sources, it is classified here as mildly toxic as a precaution; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| California poppy | Eschscholzia californica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eschscholzia californica contains alkaloids (californidine, eschscholtzine) related to the opium poppy family (Papaveraceae). ASPCA does not list this species individually, but ingestion can cause mild sedation, vomiting, or incoordination in dogs and cats. Treat as mildly toxic; keep pets away from large quantities. |
| California Shield Fern | Polystichum californicum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum californicum is a true fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Polystichum ferns and the wider Dryopteridaceae family are broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| California Sunset | Graptosedum 'California Sunset' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Graptosedum is a bigeneric hybrid of Graptopetalum and Sedum. Both parent genera are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. Graptosedum 'California Sunset' is considered safe for pets, though ingestion in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Calla lily | Zantedeschia aethiopica | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Zantedeschia aethiopica as toxic to both dogs and cats. Although called a "lily," it is actually an aroid (family Araceae) whose tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. It is unrelated to true lilies but should still be kept away from pets. |
| Pearl Glam beautyberry | Callicarpa bodinieri 'Pearl Glam' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Callicarpa (beautyberry) is reported non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses by the ASPCA and veterinary toxicology databases. Large ingestions of berries may cause transient, self-limiting drooling, vomiting or soft stool, but the plant is not considered seriously toxic. Treat it as pet-safe while discouraging bulk fruit-eating. |
| American beautyberry | Callicarpa americana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Callicarpa americana is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a positive non-toxic listing cannot be confirmed despite the berries being edible to wildlife and humans in small amounts. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Profusion beautyberry | Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii 'Profusion' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Callicarpa is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a positive non-toxic listing cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of berries or foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| purple beautyberry | Callicarpa dichotoma | flowering | Mildly toxic | Callicarpa is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a positive non-toxic listing cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of berries or foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Japanese beautyberry | Callicarpa japonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Callicarpa is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a positive non-toxic listing cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Golden Turtle Vine | Callisia repens 'Gold' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Callisia repens is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the Commelinaceae family alongside the ASPCA-listed toxic Tradescantia (Inch Plant), and the species is documented to cause allergic contact dermatitis in pets. Treat as a mild skin and GI irritant and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Pink Turtle Vine | Callisia repens 'Pink Lady' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Callisia repens is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it sits in the Commelinaceae family with the ASPCA-listed toxic Tradescantia (Inch Plant), and C. repens is a documented cause of allergic contact dermatitis in pets. Treat as a mild skin and GI irritant; verify with a vet if a pet chews it. |
| Calloused Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum callosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis orchid is the named non-toxic entry, and no orchid is on its toxic list). Paphiopedilum callosum is not individually listed, but as a true orchid it contains no calcium oxalates or recognised toxic principle. Non-toxic does not mean edible, so ingestion may still cause mild digestive upset. |
| Marsh Marigold | Caltha palustris | flowering | Toxic | Marsh marigold belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) and contains protoanemonin, the family's irritant toxic principle. While Caltha palustris is not individually named on ASPCA's list, the protoanemonin in Ranunculaceae causes drooling, oral and gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats. Treat as toxic and keep pets from chewing it; contact a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Double Marsh Marigold | Caltha palustris 'Flore Pleno' | flowering | Toxic | Like the species, this double cultivar is in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) and contains protoanemonin. Caltha is not individually named on ASPCA's list, but Ranunculaceae protoanemonin causes drooling, oral and gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats. Treat as toxic, keep pets from chewing the plant, and contact a vet if it is ingested. |
| Calypso Cilantro | Coriandrum sativum 'Calypso' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coriandrum sativum is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. 'Calypso' is the same species; no toxic principles identified. Excessive consumption may cause mild stomach upset in pets. |
| Camarosa Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Camarosa' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Camarosa strawberry plants and fruit are considered safe around pets. |
| Camas | Camassia quamash | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Camassia quamash is not known to be toxic to dogs, cats, or humans — the bulbs have been eaten as food by Indigenous peoples for thousands of years. The ASPCA does not list Camassia in its toxic plant database. Important caution: Camassia can be visually confused with death camas (Anticlea/Zigadenus spp.), which is highly toxic. Never harvest bulbs from the wild without expert identification. |
| great camas | Camassia leichtlinii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so pet safety is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note that while edible Camassia bulbs were a Native American food, they are easily confused with the deadly poisonous death camas (Toxicoscordion/Zigadenus), so never let pets or people dig and eat wild bulbs. |
| Cambodian Sonerila | Sonerila cambodiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sonerila cambodiana is a member of Melastomataceae. Neither the species nor genus is listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and the family has no documented toxic compounds. Considered low-risk for pets and humans; minor gastrointestinal irritation is theoretically possible if eaten in large quantity. |
| Cambria Hybrid Orchid | Vuylstekeara Cambria 'Plush' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This intergeneric Oncidium-alliance hybrid is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but orchids have no toxic principle and the ASPCA classifies its parent and allied genera (Oncidium, Miltonia/Odontoglossum relatives, Epidendrum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Treat as pet-safe; chewing may still cause mild, brief stomach upset. |
| Cambridge Favourite strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Cambridge Favourite' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Fragaria, per the ASPCA Strawberry entry). Fruit, leaves and stems are safe, though fibrous foliage may cause mild GI upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Cambuci | Myrciaria tenella | tropical | Mildly toxic | Myrciaria tenella is not listed by ASPCA. The Myrtaceae family has no documented toxic principle for this genus. Ripe fruits are edible and used in human food preparation. Hard seeds are a physical hazard for small pets. Treat with caution and prevent pets from ingesting seeds or large quantities of unripe fruit. |
| Donation camellia | Camellia × williamsii 'Donation' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | 'Donation' is a Camellia (family Theaceae); the ASPCA lists camellia, including Common Camellia (Camellia japonica, a parent of this williamsii hybrid), as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The plant itself is safe, though eating a lot of any foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Jury's Yellow camellia | Camellia × williamsii 'Jury's Yellow' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Camellia; the listed Common Camellia, Camellia japonica, shares the genus with this williamsii hybrid). No toxic principle identified. Watch only for pesticide or fungicide residues, which can sicken pets independent of the plant itself. |
| Cameroon Cycad | Encephalartos tegulaneus | tropical | Toxic | As with all Encephalartos (Zamiaceae), E. tegulaneus contains cycasin glycosides that are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. Ingestion of any plant part — especially seeds — can cause vomiting, acute liver failure, and death. ASPCA classifies all cycads as severely toxic to pets. |
| Camille dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Camille' | houseplant | Toxic | Dieffenbachia 'Camille' contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and irritant enzymes throughout all its tissues, identical to the straight species. Ingestion or contact with sap causes severe oral burning, swelling, drooling, and difficulty swallowing in dogs, cats, and humans. ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia as toxic to dogs and cats. Handle only with gloves; keep away from all pets and children. |
| clustered bellflower | Campanula glomerata 'Superba' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists Campanula (bellflower) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any plant, eating a large amount may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting. |
| Loddon Anna milky bellflower | Campanula lactiflora 'Loddon Anna' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a definitive safe rating cannot be given. Several horticultural sources describe bellflowers as non-toxic, but without ASPCA confirmation treat with caution; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and you should verify with a vet if a pet eats it. |
| Peach-leaved bellflower | Campanula persicifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula persicifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so it cannot be asserted as pet-safe. Bellflowers are widely described as non-toxic in horticultural sources, but lacking ASPCA confirmation, treat with caution; large amounts may cause mild stomach upset, and verify with a vet if your pet ingests it. |
| wall bellflower | Campanula portenschlagiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database (the ASPCA 'Canterbury-bell' entry refers to Gloxinia, not Campanula), so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; keep pets from grazing on it. |
| Serbian bellflower | Campanula poscharskyana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing the foliage and flowers. |
| spotted bellflower | Campanula punctata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database (the ASPCA 'Canterbury-bell' entry refers to Gloxinia, a name collision), so its status is uncertain. Bellflowers are generally regarded as low-risk, but treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Campbell's Lycaste | Lycaste campbellii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lycaste orchids belong to the Orchidaceae family. Orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been documented for Lycaste campbellii specifically. |
| Campfire crassula | Crassula capitella 'Campfire' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Crassula capitella 'Campfire' is not listed individually in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database. However, the ASPCA does list the related jade plant (Crassula argentea / C. ovata) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, so this same-genus succulent should be treated as mildly toxic and kept out of reach. If a pet ingests it, contact your vet or the ASPCA Poison Control line. |
| Camphor Catmint | Nepeta camphorata | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. While cats are attracted to many catmints due to nepetalactone, the response is harmless. Camphor Catmint's camphor-dominant scent may be less attractive to cats than N. cataria. |
| Camphor Thyme | Thymus camphoratus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus camphoratus is not individually listed by ASPCA. However, the genus Thymus has no reported toxic principles in pets, and culinary thymes are listed as non-toxic. The camphor-like essential oils may cause mild GI upset if consumed in very large quantities, but the plant is not considered hazardous. |
| Camphor-leaf wax plant | Hoya camphorifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals. |
| Campos Porto Fuchsia | Fuchsia campos-portoi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified for this genus. |
| Chinese trumpet vine | Campsis grandiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with other Campsis species, the sap can irritate skin and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so wear gloves when pruning and keep pets and children from chewing plant parts. |
| trumpet vine | Campsis radicans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sap and foliage are reported skin irritants (the common name 'cow-itch vine' reflects contact dermatitis), and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so wear gloves when pruning and discourage chewing. |
| Madame Galen trumpet vine | Campsis x tagliabuana 'Madame Galen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like its Campsis parents, the sap can cause contact skin irritation and ingestion may cause mild stomach upset, so handle with gloves and discourage pets and children from chewing the plant. |
| Camu Camu | Myrciaria dubia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Myrciaria dubia (Camu Camu) is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Myrtaceae, a family with no widely documented toxic principles for companion animals. The fruit is consumed by humans and Amazonian wildlife without reported toxicity. Extremely high vitamin C content (up to 3,000 mg/100 g) means large consumption could theoretically cause gastrointestinal upset in pets, but the fruit is not considered toxic. Considered non-toxic. |
| Can Can coral bells | Heuchera 'Can Can' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (entry: Coral Bells, Heuchera sanguinea). Excessive ingestion may still cause minor, short-lived stomach upset, as with any plant. |
| Canada Mayflower | Maianthemum canadense | flowering | Mildly toxic | The red berries contain saponins and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by humans or pets. Maianthemum canadense is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. Given the genus's saponin content and the lack of an explicit non-toxic listing, treat as mildly toxic and prevent ingestion by children and pets. |
| Canada Violet | Viola canadensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viola canadensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. General Viola genus resources suggest low toxicity, though some anecdotal sources note mild oral irritation in cats after ingestion. Viola species contain small amounts of saponins and the alkaloid violine, which can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in quantity by dogs or cats. Not expected to cause serious harm but caution is warranted. |
| Canadian lousewort | Pedicularis canadensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pedicularis canadensis contains phenylpropanoid glycosides and mild alkaloids that may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested in significant quantities. As a hemiparasite it can also absorb toxic compounds (alkaloids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids) from host plants, making toxicity variable. It is not listed by the ASPCA; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. Consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Canadian Waterweed | Elodea canadensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Elodea canadensis is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented. It is commonly used as fish tank vegetation and is eaten safely by goldfish, koi, turtles, and waterfowl. |
| Canadian Wild Ginger | Asarum canadense | flowering | Mildly toxic | Asarum canadense contains aristolochic acids, which are nephrotoxic in quantity. The ASPCA does not individually list this species, but the Aristolochiaceae family (which Asarum belongs to) contains documented toxic compounds. Keep away from pets and avoid ingestion. The rhizome was historically used as a culinary flavouring but internal use is no longer recommended. |
| Canadian Yew | Taxus canadensis | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. All parts of Taxus canadensis except the red aril flesh are poisonous to humans, dogs, cats, and horses. The seeds within the aril, foliage, and bark contain taxine alkaloids (taxine A and B) that cause acute cardiac arrhythmia, potentially fatal within hours of ingestion. ASPCA lists Taxus species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Even small amounts of yew foliage can be lethal to horses and dogs. Do not plant where pets or children can access. |
| Canadice grape | Vitis labrusca 'Canadice' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis species) are toxic to dogs. The ASPCA and veterinary toxicology sources document that grapes and raisins can cause acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) in dogs, with no reliably safe dose; tartaric acid is the leading suspected toxic principle. Early signs include vomiting, lethargy and loss of appetite. Keep fruit and prunings away from dogs and seek veterinary care after any ingestion. |
| Canary creeper | Tropaeolum peregrinum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tropaeolum majus (nasturtium) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Tropaeolum peregrinum belongs to the same genus and shares the same benign chemical profile; no toxic compounds have been reported. The RHS notes it is a skin allergen for some people — gloves are advised when handling. Flowers and young leaves are edible for humans. |
| Canary Island date palm | Phoenix canariensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Phoenix canariensis as the "Canary Date Palm" (family Palmae/Arecaceae) and classifies it as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Note this is a true date palm, not a toxic "sago palm" (Cycas), which is unrelated and deadly. Although non-toxic, the sharp, rigid spines at the base of the fronds are a physical hazard that can injure a curious pet's mouth or paws, and chewing foliage may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Canary Island lavender | Lavandula canariensis | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. |
| Canary Island Monanthes | Monanthes subcrassicaulis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Belongs to Crassulaceae and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Given the known toxicity of related jade-type Crassulaceae to dogs and cats, treat as a precaution and keep away from pets. |
| Canary Island Sage | Salvia canariensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia genus species as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Some individuals may experience skin irritation from contact with the dense stem and leaf hairs; avoid prolonged contact if sensitive. |
| Canary Island sea lavender | Limonium pectinatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (Limonium sp.) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. As with any plant material, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| candelabra tree | Euphorbia candelabrum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic. The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The abundant white latex carries irritant diterpene esters, causing drooling, vomiting, severe mouth and eye irritation, and burning skin contact. Treat the sap as caustic and keep pets and children away. |
| Candelabra lily | Brunsvigia bosmaniae | flowering | Toxic | Brunsvigia belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains alkaloids including brunsvigine and related lycorine-type compounds, which are concentrated in the bulb. These alkaloids cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, abdominal pain, and tremors in cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists related Amaryllidaceae genera (Amaryllis, Clivia, Narcissus) as toxic to pets; treat Brunsvigia with the same caution. Keep all parts away from pets. |
| Candelabra sage | Salvia candelabrum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Salvia candelabrum belongs to the same genus and shares no known toxic principles; ingestion of large quantities may still cause mild gastric irritation. |
| Candelabra Tylecodon | Tylecodon wallichii | houseplant | Toxic | Tylecodon wallichii contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides, the same toxic compounds found throughout the Tylecodon and Cotyledon genera. These compounds are well-documented as causing livestock toxicity (krimpsiekte) in South Africa. ASPCA lists Cotyledon (the former generic home of Tylecodon) as toxic to cats and dogs; this hazard applies equally to all Tylecodon species. Strictly keep away from pets and children. |
| Candelabrum Liveforever | Dudleya candelabrum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya candelabrum is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in the Dudleya genus. While a member of Crassulaceae, it lacks the toxins found in Crassula or Kalanchoe. Considered safe for pets and humans, though ingestion of any plant material is best discouraged. |
| Candle larkspur | Delphinium elatum | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Delphinium elatum contain diterpene alkaloids (diterpenoid norditerpenoids) and are listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion causes neuromuscular effects including salivation, muscle weakness, tremors, respiratory paralysis, and can be fatal. Toxic to humans as well. Wear gloves when handling; keep away from children and pets. |
| hot dog cactus | Senecio articulatus (syn. Curio articulatus) | houseplant | Toxic | Treat candle plant as toxic to cats and dogs. Senecio articulatus is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but the ASPCA lists its genus broadly as "Senecio species" (ragwort/groundsel) — toxic to dogs, cats and horses via pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Household ingestion of this ornamental succulent most likely causes mild stomach upset, but because the genus carries a liver-toxicity flag, keep it out of reach and call your vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if a pet chews it. |
| Candle Plant | Senecio articulatus | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses as a Senecio species listed by the ASPCA. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, drooling, and with repeated large doses, liver damage. Sap can cause contact skin irritation. Keep away from pets and children. |
| candlenut | Aleurites moluccanus | edible | Toxic | Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to the Euphorbiaceae and the raw nuts contain phorbol esters, saponins, toxalbumins and traces of hydrocyanic acid; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Raw nuts are a drastic purgative causing vomiting, severe diarrhoea and abdominal pain, and the irritant sap can affect skin, so keep pets away from raw nuts and foliage. |
| candy corn plant | Nematanthus strigillosus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nematanthus belongs to the family Gesneriaceae. The ASPCA lists the related Nematanthus wettsteinii (goldfish plant) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. N. strigillosus, sharing the same genus and family, has no reported toxic principles. |
| Candy Stripe Creeping Phlox | Phlox subulata 'Candy Stripe' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Phlox subulata (Moss Phlox) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. 'Candy Stripe' is a cultivar of the same species and shares this safety classification. |
| Canistel | Pouteria campechiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria campechiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for pets is uncertain. The unripe fruit, skin and foliage contain milky latex and astringent compounds that can irritate the mouth and digestive tract; only the fully ripe flesh is edible. Treat as potentially harmful to pets and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Canna-leaved Peace Lily | Spathiphyllum cannifolium | houseplant | Toxic | As a member of the genus Spathiphyllum and the Araceae family, S. cannifolium contains calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral pain, swelling, salivation, and vomiting in cats, dogs, and humans. ASPCA lists Spathiphyllum as toxic to cats and dogs. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. |
| Cantabrian Draba | Draba dedeana | flowering | Mildly toxic | The genus Draba does not appear on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As a Brassicaceae member it may contain mild glucosinolates; classified mildly-toxic as a precaution pending authoritative data. |
| rockmelon | Cucumis melo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucumis melo is not listed by the ASPCA. Flesh is safe in moderation. |
| Canton Fishtail Palm | Caryota ochlandra | tropical | Mildly toxic | Like all Caryota species, C. ochlandra fruits contain calcium oxalate raphides (needle-like crystals) in the mesocarp, which cause intense oral irritation, burning, drooling, and vomiting if chewed by pets or people. Caryota is not individually listed on the ASPCA plant database, but the calcium oxalate irritant in the fruit is well documented in veterinary literature. Handle fruit with gloves; keep pets away from fallen fruit. |
| Canyon Liveforever | Dudleya cymosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya cymosa is in the Crassulaceae family. The Dudleya genus has no confirmed toxic principles and is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. As with all Dudleya, it is not individually named on ASPCA's non-toxic list either; consult a vet if a pet ingests a substantial amount. |
| Canyon sage | Salvia lycioides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia as a genus is listed on the ASPCA Non-Toxic Plant List for both cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for S. lycioides. |
| Cape Clubfoot | Pachypodium bispinosum | tropical | Toxic | Member of family Apocynaceae. Contains cardiac glycosides and toxic alkaloids in its milky sap; skin and eye contact with sap can cause irritation. Ingestion causes vomiting and diarrhoea and may produce cardiovascular effects in pets and humans. Pachypodium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the Apocynaceae family is a well-established category of plant toxins affecting dogs and cats. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Hottentot's Head | Stangeria eriopus | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a cycad (Stangeria is the sole genus in family Stangeriaceae, order Cycadales) it contains cycasin, consistent with the ASPCA's toxic listing for sago palm and related cycads. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, liver damage and neurological signs. Treat ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Cape daisy | Osteospermum ecklonis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Osteospermum ecklonis is not individually listed by ASPCA. Members of the Asteraceae family are generally considered of low toxicity, but some composite daisy family members can cause contact dermatitis or mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution; not considered severely toxic to dogs or cats. |
| Cape Fockea | Fockea capensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Fockea capensis belongs to the Apocynaceae family and produces milky latex, which is reported to be poisonous. Not individually listed by ASPCA; based on Apocynaceae family characteristics — which include alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in many genera — treat as mildly toxic. Keep away from pets and children; avoid contact with the latex. |
| Cape Gold Everlasting | Helichrysum splendidum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum splendidum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus contains camphor and other aromatic compounds that may cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. Classified here as mildly-toxic; consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Cape gooseberry | Physalis peruviana | edible | Toxic | The ripe husked fruit is edible, but the leaves, stems, and unripe green berries contain solanine and related glycoalkaloids typical of nightshades. Physalis is not individually on the ASPCA list, but as a solanine-bearing Solanaceae member the foliage and unripe fruit are toxic to dogs and cats, causing drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and CNS depression; keep pets away from the plant. |
| Cape honeysuckle | Tecoma capensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tecoma capensis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database and is not known to be responsible for serious pet illness in documented reports. However, it belongs to the Bignoniaceae family, and some members of this family contain iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in large quantities. Exercise standard caution with pets and children. If ingestion occurs, consult a veterinarian. |
| Cape jewels | Nemesia strumosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nemesia strumosa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and the Scrophulariaceae / Plantaginaceae family (depending on current taxonomy) has no documented toxic principles for cats or dogs. It is considered pet-safe, though very large ingestions of any plant material may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Cape leadwort | Plumbago auriculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Plumbago auriculata is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database — and the ASPCA "Plumbago Larpentiae" entry that shows as non-toxic is actually a different genus, Ceratostigma larpentiae, so it does NOT clear this plant. Because the whole plant contains plumbagin, a naphthoquinone that causes contact dermatitis/blistering and GI upset if eaten, treat it as mildly toxic, keep pets from chewing it, and verify with your vet. |
| Cape Mallow | Anisodontea capensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Anisodontea capensis is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; the genus has no documented toxic principles, and multiple horticultural sources consider it safe for pets, but the mildly-toxic classification is applied here because it lacks a formal ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus rexii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. It belongs to the Gesneriaceae family, which has no reported toxic principles. Safe for pet households. |
| Cape primrose | Streptocarpus × hybridus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Cape primrose (Streptocarpus spp., family Gesneriaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing and contact your vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Streptocarpus | Streptocarpus 'Crystal Ice' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus, like other gesneriads in the African violet family, is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs in line with the ASPCA's classification of Saintpaulia; no toxic principle is associated with it. Eating large amounts of any plant may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Party Girl Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus 'Bristol's Party Girl' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cape primrose (Streptocarpus spp.) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the wider Gesneriaceae family is pet-safe. Any plant can cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity, so discourage nibbling. |
| Cape sundew | Drosera capensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera capensis is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Drosera-genus species appears there, so a clean pet-safe rating cannot be confirmed. Sundews are not known to contain toxic compounds and growers widely treat them as harmless, but because there is no authoritative listing, treat as mildly toxic and contact your vet if a pet ingests one. |
| Cape sundew | Drosera capensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera capensis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Multiple carnivorous plant specialist sources confirm it is not toxic to cats, dogs, or humans, and the digestive enzymes in the mucilage are too dilute to cause harm to mammals. The 'mildly-toxic' classification is used here as a precautionary measure because a formal ASPCA non-toxic listing for this species has not been confirmed; mild digestive upset is the most likely outcome of ingestion. |
| Capped Catasetum | Catasetum pileatum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catasetum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family has no established toxic compounds in the veterinary literature. No toxicity reports for Catasetum pileatum in cats or dogs are documented. Nonetheless, prevent pets from chewing pseudobulbs or flowers as a general precaution. |
| Captivator gooseberry | Ribes uva-crispa 'Captivator' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ripe berries are a popular human food, but Ribes uva-crispa is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic/non-toxic plant database and the genus has no clear safe ruling. Treat foliage and unripe fruit with caution around pets and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Caradonna wood sage | Salvia nemorosa 'Caradonna' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and the Salvia genus is generally regarded as non-toxic. 'Caradonna' (Salvia nemorosa) is an ornamental relative not individually listed by the ASPCA but shares this non-toxic genus profile; as with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild stomach upset, so casual nibbling is not a concern. |
| sharp-angled caralluma | Caralluma acutangula | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Caralluma is a stapeliad in Apocynaceae, a family that includes cardiotoxic species; while some Caralluma are used in traditional foods, pet-safety status is unconfirmed and reports conflict. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet on ingestion; chewing may cause mild oral or digestive upset. |
| European caralluma | Caralluma europaea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Caralluma europaea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its close stapeliad relative Stapelia (Carrion Flower) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but because this species is not individually confirmed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. The milky latex of Apocynaceae succulents can irritate skin, eyes and mouth. |
| Morocco caralluma | Caralluma hesperidum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Caralluma hesperidum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related stapeliad Stapelia (Carrion Flower) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but as this species is not individually confirmed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet. The plant's latex sap can cause mild skin and mucous-membrane irritation if chewed. |
| showy caralluma | Caralluma speciosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Caralluma speciosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its stapeliad relative Stapelia (Carrion Flower) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but since this species is unconfirmed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet. The Apocynaceae latex can irritate the mouth and skin, so discourage pets and children from chewing the stems. |
| Caramel Marble | Philodendron 'Caramel Marble' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, intense drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the lips, mouth, and throat. |
| Caraway | Carum carvi | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carum carvi (caraway) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is a culinary herb in the Apiaceae family with no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. It is widely consumed by humans without issue. As with all seeds and concentrated plant materials, excessive ingestion by pets is not recommended, but normal household quantities pose no significant risk. |
| Caraway Thyme | Thymus herba-barona | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thyme (Thymus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so the growing plant is safe around pets. Concentrated thyme essential oil should still be kept away from animals. |
| Cardamom | Elettaria cardamomum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. It is widely used as a culinary spice and is safe for human consumption. |
| Eastern Cape Blue Cycad | Encephalartos horridus | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed under Cardboard Cycad/Cycads as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle cycasin causes vomiting, bloody diarrhea, jaundice, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and acute liver failure; seeds are the most poisonous part with a high fatality rate. Keep entirely out of reach of pets and children. |
| Cardboard palm | Zamia furfuracea | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic. Despite the "palm" name, this is a cycad, and the ASPCA lists Cardboard Palm (Zamia spp.) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts contain cycasin; the seeds are the most poisonous, and the ASPCA warns that 1-2 seeds can be fatal, with signs including vomiting (sometimes bloody), jaundice, bruising, and acute liver failure. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Cardinal climber | Ipomoea x multifida | flowering | Toxic | As an Ipomoea hybrid, cardinal climber shares the genus's ASPCA-listed toxicity to dogs, cats, and horses. Seeds contain indole alkaloids (including lysergic acid compounds) and are the most hazardous part; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and possible hallucinations. |
| Helmet Flower | Sinningia cardinalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia (gloxinia) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the wider Gesneriaceae family is regarded as pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild stomach upset, so discourage grazing. |
| Cardinal Royal rowan | Sorbus aucuparia 'Cardinal Royal' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sorbus aucuparia (including 'Cardinal Royal') is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. Raw berries contain parasorbic acid and bitter glycosides that can cause gastrointestinal irritation in pets and humans if consumed in significant quantities; these compounds are neutralised by cooking or frost. Not considered seriously toxic, but raw berry ingestion should be discouraged in pets. |
| Cardinal Sage | Salvia fulgens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species including Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principle identified for the genus. |
| Carding Mill | Rosa 'Carding Mill' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species, family Rosaceae, no toxic principle). The thorns remain a physical hazard, so place it where pets are unlikely to brush against the canes. |
| cardoon | Cynara cardunculus | edible | Mildly toxic | Cynara cardunculus is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. Beyond ingestion uncertainty, the leaves and bracts carry sharp spines that pose a mechanical injury risk to curious pets. |
| Carefree Wonder | Rosa 'Carefree Wonder' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; true Rosa cultivars are non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Watch only for thorn injuries and possible mild stomach upset if a pet chews large quantities of foliage. |
| Pendulous Sedge | Carex pendula | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (true sedges) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and although sedges are widely regarded as non-hazardous, that status is unconfirmed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The tough, sharp-edged leaves can mechanically irritate the mouth and gut, and ingested foliage may cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea. |
| Variegated Greater Pond Sedge | Carex riparia 'Variegata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (true sedges) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its toxicity status is unconfirmed despite sedges generally being regarded as non-hazardous; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The narrow, abrasive leaf edges can cause mechanical irritation, and chewed foliage may produce mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Caribbean Royal Palm | Roystonea oleracea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Roystonea oleracea belongs to the Arecaceae palm family. The ASPCA lists palms in this family as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but the genus and family have no identified toxic compounds. |
| Carla Black's Anthurium | Anthurium carlablackiae | houseplant | Toxic | Anthurium carlablackiae is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but the ASPCA lists the genus member Anthurium scherzeranum (flamingo flower) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalates, and all anthuriums are aroids (family Araceae) that contain these crystals. Treat it as toxic, keep it away from pets and children, and contact your vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control if ingestion is suspected. |
| Carmine begonia | Begonia carminea | flowering | Toxic | The genus Begonia is listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Contains soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion leads to vomiting, excessive salivation, and in grazing animals can cause kidney failure. |
| Carnarvon Fan Palm | Livistona nitida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Livistona species are true palms (Arecaceae) with no reported toxic principles. Livistona rotundifolia is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA; L. nitida follows the same genus pattern. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been identified. |
| Carnation of India | Ervatamia coronaria | tropical | Toxic | Ervatamia coronaria (syn. Tabernaemontana) belongs to Apocynaceae, a family known for toxic indole alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. The milky white latex and all plant parts contain toxic alkaloids including tabersonine, coronaridine, and ibogaine-related compounds. Ingestion causes vomiting, cardiac arrhythmia, and potentially serious systemic toxicity in dogs and cats. The ASPCA does not individually list this species, but the family toxicity is well documented. Keep away from pets and children; contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Carnival goldfish plant | Columnea 'Carnival' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea 'Carnival' is a Gesneriaceae hybrid with no documented toxic compounds. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the closely related gesneriad Episcia is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principles are known for the family. Ingestion of large amounts of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Carnival squash | Cucurbita pepo 'Carnival' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita squash is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and plain cooked squash flesh is broadly considered safe for cats and dogs. Feed only plain, unseasoned flesh; discard any unusually bitter fruit, a rare sign of elevated cucurbitacins. |
| Carob | Ceratonia siliqua | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists carob (Ceratonia siliqua) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Unlike chocolate it contains no theobromine or caffeine, which is why carob is used as a pet-safe chocolate substitute. Note that processed carob products may contain added chocolate or other ingredients that are not safe. |
| Carolina Hemlock | Tsuga caroliniana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga caroliniana (Carolina Hemlock) is a conifer with no reported toxic principles to dogs or cats. It is not listed by ASPCA as toxic. Note: do not confuse with poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), an unrelated herb that is highly toxic. |
| Carolina Mosquito Fern | Azolla caroliniana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Azolla is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. True ferns in the broader sense are generally non-toxic; no harmful compounds are documented for Azolla caroliniana. Widely used in aquaculture with fish and ducks as a feed supplement. |
| Carolina Queen Lotus | Nelumbo nucifera 'Carolina Queen' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nelumbo nucifera and its cultivars are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant lists for cats or dogs. No known toxic principles. All parts of the sacred lotus have a long history of culinary and medicinal use by humans, and the plant is considered safe for pets and wildlife visiting garden ponds. |
| Carolina Spring Beauty | Claytonia caroliniana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Claytonia caroliniana (Montiaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles exist for this genus. The corms have been used as food by indigenous North American peoples, confirming the absence of significant toxic compounds. |
| Carpathian bellflower | Campanula carpatica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula carpatica is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Campanula species are not documented as toxic to dogs or cats. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. Generally considered safe in gardens where pets have access. |
| Carrion flower | Stapelia gigantea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stapelia gigantea is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but its same-genus relative Stapelia hirsuta (ASPCA "Carrion Flower 2," Hairy Toad Plant) is classified non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and ASPCA lists no toxic Stapelia species. It is therefore considered low-risk rather than confirmed pet-safe; if your pet ingests a large amount or shows symptoms, verify with your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. |
| garden carrot | Daucus carota | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Daucus carota (carrot) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Frequently used as a healthy treat. |
| Atomic Red carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Atomic Red' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Daucus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Dragon carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Dragon' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Garden carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA 'Carrot' entry). Raw carrot is a common safe treat, though whole roots or thick chunks should be cut down to avoid a choking hazard, especially for small dogs. |
| Parmex carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Parmex' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Daucus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Solar Yellow carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Solar Yellow' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Daucus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Carrot-leaved Pelargonium | Pelargonium rapaceum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression, and contact dermatitis. The toxic risk applies to all plant parts. |
| common bluebeard | Caryopteris incana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Caryopteris incana is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No significant toxic principle is documented, but ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| Dark Knight bluebeard | Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Dark Knight' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Caryopteris is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No notable toxic principle is documented, though ingesting plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. |
| Heavenly Blue bluebeard | Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Heavenly Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Caryopteris is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No major toxic principle is documented, but ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) in cats and dogs. |
| Worcester Gold bluebeard | Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Worcester Gold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Caryopteris is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No significant toxic principle is documented, but eating foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as drooling or vomiting in cats and dogs. |
| solitary fishtail palm | Caryota no | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies fishtail palms (Caryota) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) in the plant tissues and berries. When chewed, the crystals cause oral irritation, intense drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and trouble swallowing; the sap and fruit can also irritate human skin. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| giant mountain fishtail palm | Caryota obtusa | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies fishtail palms (Caryota) as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) in the leaves, stems, and especially the berries. Chewing releases these needle-like crystals, causing oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing; sap can also irritate skin. Keep away from pets and handle fruit with care. |
| Cas Guava | Eugenia victoriana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eugenia species are not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The fruits and foliage have no reported toxic principles. The genus belongs to Myrtaceae, a family not associated with pet toxicity. |
| Cascade hops | Humulus lupulus 'Cascade' | edible | Toxic | Hops (Humulus lupulus) are toxic, especially to dogs. The ASPCA and its Animal Poison Control Center warn that ingestion of hops — fresh cones, plant material or spent brewing hops — can trigger malignant hyperthermia, a dangerous uncontrolled rise in body temperature. Signs include panting, restlessness, vomiting, rapid heart rate, tremors, seizures and potentially death; seek emergency veterinary care immediately. |
| Cascade Purple Aubrieta | Aubrieta 'Cascade Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aubrieta is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Brassicaceae (mustard family), which has no reported toxic principles to dogs or cats. Considered safe around pets and children. |
| Cascadia trailing petunia | Petunia × hybrida 'Cascadia Improved Shades' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petunia species are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive pets. |
| Case's Ixora | Ixora casei | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ixora casei is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of the Rubiaceae family, it may contain iridoid glycosides that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or children. It is not considered severely toxic but should be kept out of reach as a precaution. |
| cashew | Anacardium occidentale | edible | Mildly toxic | Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a poison-ivy relative (Anacardiaceae), the sap and raw nutshell contain urushiol-type oils that are caustic and skin-irritating, and the rich, salted, often seasoned nuts are not suitable for pets. |
| Cassumunar Ginger | Zingiber montanum | herb | Mildly toxic | Zingiber montanum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle for pets is documented, but safety cannot be assured. The rhizomes contain potent aromatic compounds (sabinene, terpineol) that may cause GI upset if consumed by cats or dogs. Consult a veterinarian promptly if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| cassumunar ginger | Zingiber purpureum | herb | Mildly toxic | Zingiber purpureum (cassumunar ginger) is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. The rhizome contains potent phenylbutenoids and volatile compounds; while used medicinally in humans, the safety of these constituents for cats and dogs is not established. Classified as mildly-toxic; large quantities may cause gastrointestinal distress or other reactions in pets. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Weeping Rhipsalis | Rhipsalis cassytha | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the ASPCA Mistletoe Cactus entry (Rhipsalis cassutha) records it non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The sap may cause minor skin irritation and ingestion can cause mild stomach upset, but it is not poisonous. |
| parlor palm cousin | Aspidistra elatior | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Aspidistra elatior as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe pick for pet households. |
| Castilian Heron's Bill | Erodium castellanum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium species are not listed in either the toxic or non-toxic sections of the ASPCA Toxic Plants database. As a precautionary classification, mildly-toxic is assigned until a definitive ASPCA or veterinary authority assessment is available. Contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435 if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Cascade Palm | Chamaedorea cataractarum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the genus Chamaedorea (via parlor palm, Chamaedorea elegans) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs; cat palm belongs to the same genus and is not separately listed as toxic. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Cat Thyme | Teucrium marum | herb | Mildly toxic | Contains neoclerodane diterpenes (including teucrin A) that are hepatotoxic; the RHS states the plant is harmful if eaten and recommends protective gloves when handling. Not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. The cat-attractant scent is not a safety endorsement — ingestion should be discouraged. |
| Cat's Claw Creeper | Dolichandra unguis-cati | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dolichandra unguis-cati is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. It belongs to Bignoniaceae, which includes non-toxic genera (e.g. Jacaranda). No specific toxic compounds are well-documented for this species. Compounds in plant sap could cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution. Note: this species is a declared invasive weed in Australia, Florida (USA), and several other regions — verify local regulations before planting. |
| Cat's Claw Vine | Macfadyena unguis-cati | tropical | Mildly toxic | Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA with a specific toxic principle. No severe systemic toxicity is well-documented, but as with many vigorous tropical climbers, ingestion by pets or children is not recommended. Treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of animals and young children. |
| Cat's Jaw Faucaria | Faucaria felina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Faucaria is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Treat as uncertain and verify with a vet if ingested. The marginal teeth are soft and flexible rather than spiny, so they pose little physical hazard. |
| Cat's-ear | Hypochaeris radicata | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear) as toxic to horses, causing stringhalt — an exaggerated flexion of the hind legs leading to a hopping gait; the toxic principle is unknown. Its toxicity to cats and dogs is not confirmed in the ASPCA database. A mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution for companion animals until species-specific data is available. Consult a veterinarian promptly if ingestion is suspected. |
| Southern Catalpa | Catalpa bignonioides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and roots are reported to contain catalpol and related iridoid glycosides, and ingestion of leaves, flowers or seed pods may cause vomiting and diarrhoea in pets. Keep curious animals from chewing fallen pods. |
| Golden Indian Bean Tree | Catalpa bignonioides 'Aurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Catalpa, the leaves and roots reportedly contain catalpol and iridoid glycosides, and chewing leaves, flowers or seed pods may cause vomiting and diarrhoea in pets. |
| Northern Catalpa | Catalpa speciosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other Catalpa species the foliage and roots are reported to contain catalpol and iridoid glycosides, and ingestion of leaves, flowers or the long seed pods may cause vomiting and diarrhoea in pets. |
| Expanded Catasetum | Catasetum expansum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Catasetum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; ASPCA-tested orchids such as Phalaenopsis are non-toxic, but this genus has not been specifically evaluated, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Fringed Catasetum | Catasetum fimbriatum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Catasetum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; while ASPCA-tested orchids like Phalaenopsis are non-toxic, this genus has not been specifically evaluated, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Chewing the plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in pets. |
| Large-fruited Catasetum | Catasetum macrocarpum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Catasetum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; ASPCA-tested orchids such as Phalaenopsis are non-toxic, but this genus has not been specifically evaluated, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Catasetum orchid | Catasetum spp. | flowering | Mildly toxic | Catasetum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, and the non-toxic orchids ASPCA does list (Phalaenopsis, jewel orchid) are different genera, so its safety is unverified. Because Orchidaceae is not uniformly pet-safe (the lady slipper orchid is noted as mildly toxic), treat Catasetum as potentially mildly toxic, keep it out of reach, and confirm with your vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Catawba rhododendron | Rhododendron catawbiense | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Rhododendron catawbiense contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins). ASPCA lists Rhododendron spp. as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmia. Even honey made from flowers ('mad honey') is toxic. |
| Catawba Rhododendron | Rhododendron 'Roseum Elegans' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses per the ASPCA, which lists Rhododendron/Azalea as toxic. All parts contain grayanotoxins; ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and at higher doses cardiac arrhythmia, collapse, and possible death. Honey made from rhododendron nectar can also be toxic. Treat any ingestion as an emergency. |
| Catesby's pitcher plant | Sarracenia x catesbaei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia hybrids and species are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. No toxic principles are present in the foliage or pitcher fluid at levels harmful to pets. |
| Catesby's Trillium | Trillium catesbaei | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium catesbaei is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Like other Trillium species, it is understood to contain steroidal saponins, particularly concentrated in the roots and berries, which can cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by pets or humans. Not regarded as severely toxic but ingestion should be taken seriously — consult a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if a pet consumes any part of the plant. |
| Cora Cascade Strawberry Vinca | Catharanthus roseus 'Cora Cascade Strawberry' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Catharanthus roseus contains vinca alkaloids (such as vinblastine and vincristine); all parts are poisonous and ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, low blood pressure, incoordination and, in larger amounts, more serious systemic effects. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if eaten. |
| Titan Polka Dot Vinca | Catharanthus roseus 'Titan Polka Dot' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. As a Catharanthus roseus cultivar it contains vinca alkaloids in all parts; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, low blood pressure and incoordination, with more serious effects at higher doses. Keep out of reach of pets and consult a vet if any is eaten. |
| silver fir cathaya | Cathaya argyrophylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cathaya is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No toxicity data exists for this rare conifer, but its stiff needles can be sharp and, as with related pine-family plants, ingested foliage may cause mild oral or gastrointestinal irritation, so prevent chewing. |
| Cathedral begonia | Begonia 'Cathedral' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs via soluble calcium oxalate crystals concentrated in the rhizome. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Catlin's Giant Bugle | Ajuga reptans 'Catlin's Giant' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ajuga reptans is not listed individually by the ASPCA as toxic, but the genus Ajuga contains iridoid glycosides and has been associated with mild digestive upset in dogs and cats if ingested in quantity. Exercise caution around pets that graze on foliage; serious toxicity is not reported. |
| catmint (common) | Nepeta cataria | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta cataria is non-toxic to cats and dogs and listed by ASPCA as safe. The mild euphoria it causes in some cats is harmless and short-lived. |
| Mini Purple Cattleya | Cattleya 'Why Not' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Cattleya orchids as non-toxic; ingestion may cause only mild mechanical GI upset, with no poisonous principle present in the plant. |
| Yellow Cattleya | Cattleya luteola | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists multiple Cattleya species — including Cattleya trianaei (Winter Cattleya), C. forbesii (Cocktail Orchid) and C. mossiae (Easter Cattleya) — as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no documented toxic principle in the genus. Curious nibbling may cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset; rinse chemical residues from shop-bought plants. |
| corsage orchid | Cattleya | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cattleya orchids are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. |
| Walker's Cattleya | Cattleya walkeriana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists multiple Cattleya species — including Cattleya trianaei (Winter Cattleya), C. forbesii (Cocktail Orchid) and C. mossiae (Easter Cattleya) — as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and the genus carries no documented toxic principle. Eating plant material may still cause mild, transient stomach upset; rinse any chemical residue from new plants. |
| Caucasian Comfrey | Symphytum caucasicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Symphytum species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are hepatotoxic if ingested in quantity. ASPCA does not individually list Symphytum caucasicum, but all Symphytum species are considered mildly to moderately toxic to dogs, cats, and horses due to PA content. The rough, bristly leaves also cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Keep pets away and wear gloves when handling. |
| Caucasian Draba | Draba bruniifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | The genus Draba is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As a Brassicaceae member it contains glucosinolates which may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested; classified mildly-toxic as a precaution pending authoritative listing. |
| Caucasian Lily | Lilium monadelphum | flowering | Toxic | As a true Lilium species, Lilium monadelphum is severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed, genus Lilium). All parts of the plant — including leaves, petals, pollen, stem, and water from cut stems in a vase — can cause acute renal failure in cats, frequently fatal within 24–72 hours unless treated as an emergency. Even small pollen quantities groomed from fur are lethal to cats. Also harmful to dogs and horses in significant quantities. This lily must never be grown where cats can access it. |
| Caucasian Rock Cress | Arabis caucasica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arabis caucasica belongs to Brassicaceae and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for dogs or cats at garden exposure levels. Generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Caucasian pincushion flower | Scabiosa caucasica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Scabiosa caucasica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database (the ASPCA 'Scabious/Pincushion Flower' entry refers to the unrelated Proteaceae plant Leucospermum incisum, not true Scabiosa), so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not recorded as significantly poisonous, but pet ingestion is best avoided pending confirmation. |
| cauli | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica oleracea isothiocyanates can cause GI upset and gas in cats and dogs in quantity. |
| Cavatine pieris | Pieris japonica 'Cavatine' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Pieris japonica 'Cavatine' are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans, containing grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins) that affect the cardiovascular and nervous system. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, salivation, weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias. This plant should not be accessible to children or animals. |
| Cavendish banana | Musa acuminata 'Cavendish' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Banana (Musa) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats; the ASPCA's 'Banana' and 'Edible Banana' entries carry no toxicity warning. Leaves and fruit are safe, though, as with any plant, eating large amounts of foliage or tough peel can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so moderate access is sensible. |
| cavolo nero | Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia 'Cavolo Nero' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cavolo nero is a kale, Brassica oleracea, which is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list; the ASPCA lists Roman Kale as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with all brassicas, the thiocyanate and isothiocyanate content means large or frequent feeding can cause gas, GI upset, or thyroid and blood effects, so offer only small, occasional, cooked amounts rather than as a regular food. |
| cayenne pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Cayenne' | edible | Mildly toxic | Edible Capsicum annuum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the capsaicin in its fruit and foliage is an irritant: chewing causes oral and gastrointestinal burning, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea in cats and dogs. The separately ASPCA-listed toxic 'ornamental pepper' is the unrelated Solanum pseudocapsicum. Keep pods and plants away from pets and verify any concern with a vet. |
| Concha California lilac | Ceanothus 'Concha' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ceanothus (California lilac) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; it is not the same as true lilac (Syringa). Treat with caution, discourage chewing, and consult a vet if ingested. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Puget Blue ceanothus | Ceanothus 'Puget Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ceanothus (California lilac) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; it is distinct from true lilac (Syringa). Treat with caution, discourage chewing, and consult a vet if ingested. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Victoria California lilac | Ceanothus 'Victoria' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ceanothus (California lilac) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; it is distinct from true lilac (Syringa). Treat with caution, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet if ingested. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| New Jersey tea | Ceanothus americanus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ceanothus is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain and should be confirmed with a vet before assuming it is safe. The dried leaves have a folk history as a caffeine-free tea and it is not considered seriously poisonous, but ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; discourage pets from grazing it. |
| Skylark blueblossom | Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 'Skylark' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ceanothus (California lilac/blueblossom) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; it differs from true lilac (Syringa). Treat with caution, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet if ingested. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Cebu Blue pothos | Epipremnum pinnatum 'Cebu Blue' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to both cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Epipremnum (Golden Pothos / Devil's Ivy / Taro Vine) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout the leaves and stems. Chewing releases needle-like crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Climbing Cecile Brunner | Rosa 'Cecile Brunner' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). It is non-poisonous and, being nearly thornless, poses even less mechanical risk than most climbing roses. |
| Cedar Bay Cherry | Eugenia reinwardtiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eugenia reinwardtiana is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Myrtaceae family has no known toxic principles, and the berries of this species are consumed by both birds and humans in Australia without reported adverse effects. |
| Cedar of Lebanon | Cedrus libani | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Cedrus libani and Cedrus species as toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion of foliage or bark may cause vomiting and skin irritation due to aromatic essential oils and resin. Classified as mildly toxic; significant toxicity is uncommon but pets should be discouraged from chewing on the tree. |
| Cedar sage | Salvia roemeriana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in Salvia roemeriana. |
| Cedros Island Liveforever | Dudleya pachyphytum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya pachyphytum is in Crassulaceae and shares the non-toxic profile of related safe-listed genera such as Echeveria and Sedum (ASPCA non-toxic). Dudleya is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principle is documented for this genus; considered safe for cats and dogs. |
| Celadine Frangipani | Plumeria rubra 'Celadine' | tropical | Toxic | Contains the toxic milky latex sap characteristic of all Plumeria rubra cultivars, present throughout bark, stems, and leaves. ASPCA lists Plumeria as toxic to dogs and cats, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, and drooling upon ingestion. Sap is also a significant skin and mucous-membrane irritant in humans. Wear gloves when pruning. |
| Celandine Poppy | Stylophorum diphyllum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Stylophorum diphyllum produces orange latex sap throughout the plant that is a skin and mucous membrane irritant and can cause dermatitis on contact. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset. The plant is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. Based on its irritant sap and membership in the Papaveraceae family, treat as mildly toxic; wear gloves when handling and keep away from pets and children. |
| Celebes Pepper | Piper ornatum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Piper ornatum belongs to Piperaceae. The ornamental Piper species are not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Piper contains piperine and other alkaloids. Ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets and children. It is not considered severely toxic, but precaution is warranted. Culinary black pepper (Piper nigrum) is listed by ASPCA as only mildly toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Celery root | Apium graveolens var. rapaceum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celery (Apium graveolens), the species celeriac belongs to, is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any fibrous vegetable, large quantities can cause mild GI upset, and the stringy texture poses a choking risk, but it carries no chemical toxicity. |
| Brilliant celeriac | Apium graveolens var. rapaceum 'Brilliant' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celery (Apium graveolens) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any fibrous vegetable, large pieces pose a choking risk and unfamiliar plant matter may cause mild GI upset; the sap can also cause photosensitivity in some animals after sun exposure. |
| Monarch celeriac | Apium graveolens var. rapaceum 'Monarch' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Apium as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Prinz celeriac | Apium graveolens var. rapaceum 'Prinz' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Apium as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Celery | Apium graveolens | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celery (Apium graveolens) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. It is a common culinary vegetable safe for household pets. However, the leaves contain furanocoumarins (psoralens) that can cause photosensitivity in cats and dogs if large amounts are consumed and the animal is exposed to sunlight — practical risk from normal household quantities is very low. |
| Celery | Apium graveolens var. dulce | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celery (Apium graveolens) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. However, the RHS notes the sap can cause photodermatitis in humans (furanocoumarins activated by sunlight), so wear gloves when handling in strong sunlight. Pets eating stalks occasionally may experience mild GI upset from high fibre. |
| celery | Apium graveolens var. dulce 'Victoria' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated celery (Apium graveolens) is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and the edible vegetable is widely regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats. As with any plant, large amounts can cause GI upset; note also that the sap contains furanocoumarins that can cause photosensitive skin irritation in people and animals on prolonged contact. |
| cockscomb | Celosia argentea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Celosia (Celosia plumosa, family Amaranthaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. As with any plant, nibbling on the foliage may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset, so discourage pets from grazing on it. |
| Chief Mix Cockscomb | Celosia argentea var. cristata 'Chief Mix' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celosia is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants and is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is not individually named on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so as a precaution prevent large ingestions, which may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Fresh Look Yellow Celosia | Celosia argentea var. plumosa 'Fresh Look Yellow' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celosia is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants and is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is not individually named on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so prevent large ingestions as a precaution, which may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Cramer's Amazon Celosia | Celosia argentea var. spicata 'Cramer's Amazon' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celosia is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants and is broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is not individually named on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so as a precaution discourage large ingestions, which may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Celtic Valerian | Valeriana celtica | herb | Mildly toxic | Valeriana celtica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a member of Valeriana, it contains valerenic acid and related compounds. No confirmed pet fatalities are documented, but strong-smelling valerenic compounds in the rhizome may attract cats. Exercise caution and consult a vet if significant ingestion is observed. |
| Amethyst in Snow mountain cornflower | Centaurea montana 'Amethyst in Snow' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This Centaurea montana cultivar is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is consistently non-toxic: the ASPCA lists cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens) as Non-Toxic to dogs and cats. Treated as pet-safe on that genus grounding; some Centaurea species are a horse-only concern, not relevant to dogs or cats. |
| Centennial hops | Humulus lupulus 'Centennial' | edible | Toxic | Hops (Humulus lupulus) are toxic, particularly to dogs. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center reports that ingestion of hop cones, plant material or spent brewing hops can cause malignant hyperthermia — a severe, uncontrolled rise in body temperature. Watch for panting, agitation, vomiting, elevated heart rate, tremors and seizures; this is a veterinary emergency requiring immediate treatment. |
| Central Australian Cabbage Palm | Livistona mariae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Livistona mariae is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Arecaceae, a family with no documented toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. General ASPCA palm guidance confirms most true palms pose no toxicity risk. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| three-coloured cephalophyllum | Cephalophyllum tricolorum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cephalophyllum tricolorum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is treated as uncertain — verify with a vet before trusting it around pets. Although the ASPCA lists representative ice-plant genera in the Aizoaceae (Lampranthus and Dinteranthus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, the common name 'ice plant' is shared by many species and we do not assert pet-safe without a species-level listing. |
| upright Japanese plum yew | Cephalotaxus harringtonia 'Fastigiata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Cephalotaxus is a relative of the highly toxic true yew (Taxus) and contains harringtonine-type alkaloids; foliage and seeds are best treated with caution. Treat as potentially toxic and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. Do not confuse with deadly Taxus species. |
| Eden Black Pitcher Plant | Cephalotus follicularis 'Eden Black' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cephalotus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which names only the Venus Fly Trap among carnivorous plants (non-toxic). With no ASPCA ruling for the Albany pitcher plant, treat with caution and verify with a vet; there is no evidence of serious toxicity but pet-safety should not be assumed. |
| hornwort | Ceratophyllum demersum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ceratophyllum demersum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe to ingest. It is widely kept in aquaria with no documented toxic principle, but absence of an ASPCA listing is not a safety guarantee. |
| floating water sprite | Ceratopteris cornuta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ceratopteris cornuta is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. As with other aquatic ferns, the lack of a specific ASPCA listing means its pet status is uncertain, so verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe to ingest. No specific toxic principle is documented. |
| water sprite | Ceratopteris thalictroides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ceratopteris thalictroides is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Although several terrestrial ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, this aquatic fern is not specifically listed, so treat its pet status as uncertain and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe to ingest. No specific toxic principle is documented. |
| grass-leaf cycad | Ceratozamia hildae | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies cycads as toxic; Ceratozamia hildae is a true cycad containing cycasin and related glycosides. All parts, especially the seeds and cones, can cause vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure and death. Keep out of reach of pets and seek immediate veterinary care if any part is eaten. |
| Mexican horned cycad | Ceratozamia mexicana | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies cycads as toxic; Ceratozamia mexicana is a true cycad containing cycasin and related glycosides. Ingestion of any part, especially the seeds and cones, can cause vomiting, haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, liver failure and death. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary help immediately if eaten. |
| robust horned cycad | Ceratozamia robusta | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists cycads as toxic; Ceratozamia robusta is a true cycad containing cycasin and related glycosides. All parts, especially the seeds and cones, can cause vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute liver failure and death. Keep away from pets and seek immediate veterinary care if any part is ingested. |
| African tiger fern | Cercestis mirabilis | houseplant | Toxic | Cercestis is a member of the arum family (Araceae) alongside ASPCA-listed toxic aroids such as Philodendron and Caladium, all of which contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Although not individually listed by the ASPCA, treat it as toxic to cats and dogs: ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Stigmaticus cercestis | Cercestis stigmaticus | houseplant | Toxic | Treat as toxic to cats and dogs. Cercestis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the aroid family (Araceae), which the ASPCA classes as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting; keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Katsura Tree | Cercidiphyllum japonicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. No specific toxic principle is documented and third-party sources generally regard it as non-poisonous, but lacking an ASPCA listing it is handled with caution; ingested plant material may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Weeping Katsura | Cercidiphyllum japonicum 'Pendulum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. No specific toxic principle is documented for Cercidiphyllum and third-party sources generally consider it non-poisonous, but without an ASPCA listing it is handled cautiously; ingested foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Forest Pansy Redbud | Cercis canadensis 'Forest Pansy' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cercis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Seed pods may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if eaten in quantity, so discourage chewing. |
| Lavender Twist Redbud | Cercis canadensis 'Lavender Twist' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cercis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Seed pods may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity, so discourage chewing of fallen pods. |
| Judas Tree | Cercis siliquastrum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cercis siliquastrum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The pea-family seed pods may cause mild stomach upset if ingested, so keep pets from chewing fallen pods. |
| pyjama flower | Ceropegia ampliata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Treat with caution. Ceropegia ampliata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Despite its better-known relatives often being called pet-safe, this species' status is unconfirmed and the Apocynaceae family contains toxic plants, so keep it away from pets and check with a vet. |
| Necklace Vine | Ceropegia distincta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ceropegia distincta is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Only Ceropegia woodii (string of hearts) carries a published ASPCA non-toxic listing, and the genus is not blanket-rated, so this species should be treated with caution and verified with a vet rather than assumed pet-safe. Keep it out of reach of pets that chew foliage. |
| Haygarth's lantern flower | Ceropegia haygarthii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Treat with caution. Ceropegia haygarthii is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. While string-of-hearts relatives are often described as pet-safe, this species' status is unconfirmed and the family includes toxic members, so keep it away from pets and verify with a vet. |
| Parachute Plant | Ceropegia sandersonii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ceropegia sandersonii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The closely related Ceropegia woodii (string of hearts) is widely reported as non-toxic, but because this species itself is not ASPCA-classified, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Variegated String of Hearts | Ceropegia woodii f. variegata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as String of Hearts, Ceropegia woodii). The variegated form is the same species, so it carries the same non-toxic status. Trailing strands may still tempt cats to chew or pull the pot down. |
| Cettos Achimenes | Achimenes cettoana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Achimenes belongs to the Gesneriaceae family, which contains no reported toxic principles for dogs or cats. The genus is considered non-toxic by horticultural authorities referencing ASPCA guidance, though Achimenes cettoana is not individually listed. Mild GI upset is possible if plant material is consumed in quantity. |
| Ceylon Date Palm | Phoenix pusilla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Phoenix pusilla is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other Phoenix palms, the primary hazard is the rigid spines formed by modified basal leaflets, which can cause puncture wounds to pets and children. The small fruits are reportedly edible and used as local food in Sri Lanka. No documented toxic principle; physical injury from spines is the primary concern. |
| Chagual | Puya chilensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Puya is in the Bromeliaceae family, which is broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Puya chilensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA; no toxic compounds are reported for this genus. The exceptionally sharp, recurved leaf spines are a significant physical hazard and gave rise to its 'sheep-eating plant' common name. |
| Link Plant | Rhipsalis paradoxa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Mistletoe Cactus, Rhipsalis). The spineless stems pose no chemical or mechanical danger, making it one of the safer trailing plants for pet homes. |
| European Chain Fern | Woodwardia radicans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Woodwardia radicans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Woodwardia does not appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. True ferns are generally considered non-toxic, but without explicit ASPCA grounding for this species or genus, treat with caution and verify with a vet; mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if eaten. |
| Chain Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis sertularioides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis belongs to Orchidaceae, a family with no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family classification is ASPCA non-toxic. |
| Chalice Vine | Solandra grandiflora | tropical | Toxic | Solandra belongs to the Solanaceae family, which contains toxic alkaloids (including solanine-related compounds and tropane alkaloids). All parts are considered toxic if ingested by pets or humans. Keep away from cats, dogs, and children. ASPCA does not individually list Solandra, but the family's toxicity is well documented. |
| Chalk Liveforever | Dudleya pulverulenta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya pulverulenta belongs to Crassulaceae. No toxic compound has been identified for the Dudleya genus; it is not reported toxic by ASPCA. Unlike Kalanchoe or jade plant in the same family, Dudleya is not on ASPCA's toxic list. Monitor pets and seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Chalk Milkwort | Polygala calcarea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Polygala species contain saponins and in some cases small amounts of methyl salicylate. Chalk Milkwort is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Given the genus chemistry, a mildly-toxic classification is appropriate — ingestion could cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs; classify as mildly-toxic until a full ASPCA genus-level determination is available. |
| hooper's palm | Chamaedorea hooperiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It belongs to the genus Chamaedorea, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic (along with the Parlor Palm, Chamaedorea elegans), so this clustering species is considered pet-safe. Eating large quantities of fibrous foliage may still cause minor digestive upset in some animals. |
| hardy bamboo palm | Chamaedorea microspadix | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Chamaedorea (which the ASPCA lists by name, alongside the closely related Parlor Palm, Chamaedorea elegans) is non-toxic, so this clumping relative is considered safe. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts of fibrous fronds may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Chamaeranthemum | Chamaeranthemum gaudichaudii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Chamaeranthemum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While some Acanthaceae relatives (such as Hypoestes polka-dot plant) are ASPCA non-toxic, that does not confirm this genus, so treat it as uncertain, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Veined chamaeranthemum | Chamaeranthemum venosum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Chamaeranthemum venosum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Some Acanthaceae relatives are ASPCA non-toxic, but that does not confirm this genus, so treat it as uncertain, keep it out of reach, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Vulcano fan palm | Chamaerops humilis 'Vulcano' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Chamaerops humilis appears in the ASPCA non-toxic database as Dwarf palm / European fan palm, with no toxic principle. Note the wild species has spiny petioles that can cut, though 'Vulcano' is nearly spineless, and large amounts of ingested fronds may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| blue Mediterranean fan palm | Chamaerops humilis var. cerifera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the European Fan Palm (Chamaerops humilis) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and var. cerifera shares this safe status as the same species. The real hazard is mechanical: the leaf stalks (petioles) carry sharp spines that can cause puncture wounds, so site it away from pets and play areas. |
| German chamomile | Matricaria chamomilla | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists chamomile (Anthemis nobilis and related) as toxic to cats and dogs in quantity, with allergic dermatitis and GI upset reported. Tea-bag amounts are very low risk; garden bingeing is not. |
| Champagne rhubarb | Rheum × hybridum 'Champagne' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA classifies rhubarb as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, due to soluble calcium oxalates concentrated in the leaves. Documented signs include kidney failure, tremors and salivation. Only the cooked stalks are edible for people; keep pets away from the leaf blades and discarded foliage. |
| Mother of Millions | Kalanchoe delagoensis | houseplant | Toxic | Kalanchoe is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides; ingestion typically causes vomiting and diarrhoea, and large amounts can cause abnormal heart rate and rhythm. Keep away from pets and call a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center if eaten. |
| Chandler blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Chandler' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blueberry (Vaccinium) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the fruit is a common, safe pet treat in moderation. No toxic principle is reported for the foliage or berries. |
| Chandler Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Chandler' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa is classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Chandler strawberry plants and fruit are safe around pets, though the natural sugars in fruit may cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Chanet's Dunce Cap | Orostachys chanetii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys belongs to the Crassulaceae family. Unlike some jade-type Crassulaceae, Orostachys is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic. The genus has no reported toxic principle to cats or dogs; considered non-toxic based on available data. |
| Changing Tibouchina | Tibouchina mutabilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | No specific toxic principle has been identified for Tibouchina mutabilis and the genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The California Poison Control System classes Tibouchina spp. as non-toxic to humans and pets. A mildly-toxic rating is applied here in the absence of a direct ASPCA species-level non-toxic confirmation; owners should exercise normal caution and prevent pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Chantenay Carrot | Daucus carota 'Chantenay' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daucus carota (carrot) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Chantenay carrot roots, foliage, and seeds are non-toxic to humans and companion animals. |
| Chantenay carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Chantenay Red Cored' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The carrot (Daucus carota) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list (listed as 'Carrot Flower'). Roots and tops are safe; raw carrot is a popular low-calorie treat, though chunks should be sized to avoid choking in small pets. |
| Chanticleer ornamental pear | Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pyrus calleryana fruits and seeds contain trace cyanogenic glycosides common to the Rosaceae family. The fruits are very small and bitter, rarely consumed. ASPCA does not individually list Pyrus calleryana; the risk to pets is considered low, but seed ingestion should be discouraged. |
| Chantilly Peach snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Chantilly Peach' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. This applies to all cultivars including 'Chantilly Peach'. Mild GI upset may occur if large quantities are eaten. |
| Chaparensis Masdevallia | Masdevallia chaparensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Masdevallia is listed by the ASPCA as 'Tailed Orchid' (Masdevallia spp.) and classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are known for this genus or the Orchidaceae family. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild GI irritation in sensitive animals. |
| Chardonnay grape | Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay' | edible | Mildly toxic | Vitis vinifera grapes are toxic to dogs and cats — ASPCA lists grapes and raisins as potentially causing acute kidney failure in dogs; the toxic compound is unidentified and the dose threshold is unknown, so all grape exposure in dogs and cats should be treated as an emergency. Classified as mildly-toxic here due to uncertainty, but owners with dogs should treat grape ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Charentais melon | Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis 'Charentais' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) is not on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and the ripe flesh is generally treated as a safe occasional treat for cats and dogs in moderation. Serve only seedless, rind-free flesh in small amounts. |
| Charlotte | Rosa 'Charlotte' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: true roses (Rosa species) are non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The hazard is mechanical from thorns rather than chemical; supervise pets around cut stems and prunings. |
| Charming Puya | Puya venusta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Puya venusta is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Multiple horticultural sources report it as non-toxic to pets, and no toxic principles have been identified in the scientific literature. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precautionary measure in the absence of a formal ASPCA pet-safe confirmation. |
| Chayote | Sechium edule | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sechium edule is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Chayote is widely consumed by humans across multiple cuisines and has no reported toxic principles for dogs or cats. The plant is a member of the cucurbit family with no known pet toxicity. |
| Chaytor's lavender | Lavandula x chaytorae | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate. Clinical signs include nausea, vomiting (not in horses), and loss of appetite. |
| Cheddar Pink | Dianthus gratianopolitanus | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Dianthus species as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Saponins and other glycosides in the foliage and flowers can cause gastrointestinal signs (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) and mild dermatitis on contact. Serious toxicity is unlikely from incidental ingestion but veterinary advice should be sought if a pet consumes a significant amount. |
| Cheerful Dancing Ginger | Globba laeta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Globba laeta is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While several related Zingiberaceae genera are listed as non-toxic, absence of a specific clearance for this species means a cautionary mildly-toxic classification is used. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if ingested by cats or dogs. |
| Cheese Pumpkin | Cucurbita moschata 'Long Island Cheese' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita moschata squash and pumpkins are non-toxic to dogs and cats (ASPCA non-toxic listing for squash/pumpkin). Cooked pumpkin flesh is often recommended by veterinarians as a digestive aid for pets. |
| white cheiridopsis | Cheiridopsis candidissima | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cheiridopsis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Within its family, Aizoaceae, the ASPCA lists Lithops as non-toxic but lists the related mesemb Dinteranthus as toxic to cats and dogs, so the family stance is mixed. Because this genus is unconfirmed, treat it with caution, keep it away from pets, and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| toothed cheiridopsis | Cheiridopsis denticulata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cheiridopsis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Its family, Aizoaceae, is mixed in the ASPCA records: Lithops is listed non-toxic while the related Dinteranthus is listed toxic to cats and dogs. As this genus is unconfirmed, treat it with caution, keep it out of pets' reach, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Pillans' cheiridopsis | Cheiridopsis pillansii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cheiridopsis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Most Aizoaceae mesembs are not known to be seriously poisonous, but absence of an ASPCA listing means pet-safety cannot be asserted. |
| robust cheiridopsis | Cheiridopsis robusta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cheiridopsis is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so toxicity is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. While Aizoaceae mesembs are not generally reported as dangerously toxic, the lack of an ASPCA entry means a pet-safe claim is not supportable. |
| top-shaped cheiridopsis | Cheiridopsis turbinata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cheiridopsis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Mesembs in Aizoaceae are not widely reported as seriously toxic, but without an ASPCA listing a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given. |
| Chelsea Black Mulberry | Morus nigra 'Chelsea' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe black mulberry fruit is edible and consumed widely by humans. However, the white latex sap in unripe fruit, leaves, and stems of Morus nigra can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation and is a contact skin irritant in sensitive individuals. Unripe fruit may cause nausea and vomiting in pets. ASPCA does not specifically list Morus nigra as toxic to pets, but the latex is a known mild irritant; treat unripe fruit and foliage as mildly toxic out of caution. |
| Chempedak | Artocarpus integer | tropical | Mildly toxic | Artocarpus integer is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sticky white latex and raw plant tissue can irritate the mouth and digestive tract of cats and dogs, so keep cut foliage, sap and fallen fruit out of reach. |
| Cherapu | Garcinia prainiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia prainiana is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Clusiaceae/Guttiferae family contains some species with bioactive xanthones and resins; while the ripe fruit pulp is consumed by humans, pet safety for this species has not been assessed. As a precautionary measure, prevent pets from ingesting the seeds, bark, or large quantities of fruit. |
| Cherimoya | Annona cherimola | tropical | Mildly toxic | Cherimoya is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet. Annona seeds, leaves and bark contain annonaceous acetogenins and alkaloids that are neurotoxic and irritant; the seeds in particular are poisonous. Keep seeds, skin and leaves away from pets even though the ripe flesh is the edible part. |
| Cherokee Chief Dogwood | Cornus florida 'Cherokee Chief' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses with no toxic principle identified. 'Cherokee Chief' as a cultivar of Cornus florida shares this safety profile. The red berries are unpalatable and mildly astringent but are not classified as poisonous; large quantities may cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Cherry Belle Radish | Raphanus sativus 'Cherry Belle' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Raphanus sativus is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Radish leaves and roots are generally safe for pets in small amounts; the pungent glucosinolate compounds can cause mild digestive upset if eaten in very large quantities. |
| Cherry of the Rio Grande | Eugenia aggregata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eugenia aggregata is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. Myrtaceae fruits are widely consumed by wildlife and humans; no toxic principles have been reported for this species. |
| Cherry of the Río Grande | Eugenia involucrata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eugenia involucrata is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles have been identified for this species or the broader Eugenia/Myrtaceae group. The fruits are consumed widely by humans and wildlife without known adverse effects. |
| French Parsley | Anthriscus cerefolium | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (entry: Chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium). It appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so it is considered pet-safe; as with any herb, large amounts could cause minor digestive upset. |
| Cheshunt Pine | Diselma archeri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Diselma archeri is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a Cupressaceae member, the foliage oils may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets. No severe toxic compounds have been documented in this genus. Treat with the same caution as other ornamental conifers and seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes significant quantities. |
| Chester blackberry | Rubus fruticosus 'Chester' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rubus genus, per the ASPCA Creeping Rubus entry). Thornless canes reduce scratch risk; fruit and foliage are safe, with only mild stomach upset possible if a pet eats large amounts. |
| Colossal chestnut | Castanea × 'Colossal' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Edible chestnut (Castanea) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant lists and is distinct from the toxic horse chestnut (Aesculus). The tree foliage is not poisonous to cats or dogs. However, whole raw nuts pose a choking, gastrointestinal-obstruction and pancreatitis risk to pets, and any moldy nuts should be kept away from animals. |
| Chestnut Dioon | Dioon edule | tropical | Toxic | Dioon edule contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside), the same hepatotoxic glycoside found in all Zamiaceae cycads including Cycas revoluta (sago palm), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion causes vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver necrosis, and can be fatal. Seeds are particularly high in toxin concentration. Emergency veterinary treatment is required for any suspected ingestion. |
| chestnut oak | Quercus montana | edible | Toxic | Oak (Quercus) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is tannins (gallotannic and tannic acid), concentrated in acorns, buds and young leaves. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea (possibly bloody), lethargy, abdominal pain and inappetence; substantial or repeated intake risks kidney and liver damage, and whole acorns can obstruct the digestive tract. Keep acorns and leaf litter away from pets and livestock even though the acorns are edible to people. |
| Chestnut-flowered sage | Salvia castanea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia castanea is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. As a rare species with no established pet-safety record, classified as mildly-toxic out of caution; keep pets from ingesting significant quantities and consult a vet if consumption occurs. |
| Chia | Salvia hispanica | edible | Mildly toxic | Salvia hispanica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database, but the Salvia genus contains volatile terpenoid oils (including camphor) that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset — drooling, vomiting, or diarrhoea — if large quantities of plant material are consumed by cats or dogs. Seeds in small amounts are not acutely dangerous, but classify as mildly-toxic by precaution until a species-level ASPCA listing confirms safety. |
| Chia sage | Salvia columbariae | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia genus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The seeds are widely consumed by humans; no toxicity to domestic animals has been reported. |
| Chiapas Air Plant | Tillandsia chiapensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia (air plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified; ingestion of leaf material is not poisonous, though large quantities of fibrous plant matter may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Chiapas arrowhead plant | Syngonium chiapense | houseplant | Toxic | Syngonium species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. S. chiapense is not individually listed but belongs to the same genus and family (Araceae) and carries identical toxicity. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, and vomiting. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Chiapas sage | Salvia chiapensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia genus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Salvia chiapensis is not individually listed but belongs to the same non-toxic genus; considered safe around pets based on genus classification. |
| Chicago Hardy fig | Ficus carica 'Chicago Hardy' | edible | Toxic | Ficus is classed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The white latex sap contains ficin and irritant proteolytic enzymes/psoralens, causing mouth and skin irritation, drooling, and vomiting if the leaves or stems are chewed. The ripe fruit is edible to people; the leaves and sap are the concern for pets. |
| Chickpea | Cicer arietinum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cicer arietinum (chickpeas) are a major food crop and are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. Cooked chickpeas are frequently used in commercial pet foods. Raw chickpeas are difficult to digest and should not be fed in large amounts to pets. |
| Chicory | Cichorium intybus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cichorium intybus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. It is a long-cultivated food plant with no known toxic principle for cats, dogs, or horses. Treat as pet-safe; excessive ingestion may cause mild digestive upset. |
| puntarelle | Cichorium intybus var. foliosum 'Puntarelle' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cichorium intybus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given. Ingesting the leaves or shoots may cause mild vomiting or stomach upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. |
| Chilean Bamboo | Chusquea culeou | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chusquea is a member of the grass family Poaceae. No toxic principles are known for this genus, and bamboo grasses are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA for dogs or cats. |
| Chilean blue crocus | Tecophilaea cyanocrocus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Multiple horticultural sources, including Dave's Garden, state that all parts of Tecophilaea cyanocrocus are poisonous if ingested. Specific toxic principles are not well characterised in the veterinary literature, and the ASPCA does not have a formal database entry for this genus. Given the reported toxicity, treat as mildly-toxic and keep away from pets and children; consult a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Chilean Jasmine | Mandevilla laxa | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Chilean Sheep-eating Plant | Puya chilensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Puya chilensis is not listed as a toxic plant by the ASPCA. However, the sharp, hooked leaf spines can inflict serious physical wounds on pets and livestock — the 'sheep-eating' reputation stems from animals becoming fatally entangled. Classified as mildly-toxic here due to absence of confirmed ASPCA pet-safe listing and physical injury risk. |
| Chilean wine palm | Jubaea chilensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Jubaea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which classifies common true palms (areca, parlor, pygmy date) as non-toxic, and no toxic principle is recorded for this genus; its small fruits are edible to humans. Treat as low-risk but unconfirmed for pets, where overeating fruit or fronds may cause mild GI upset, and verify with a vet. It is a true palm, not a toxic sago cycad. |
| Chiltern gentian | Gentianella germanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentianella germanica is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. As a member of the family Gentianaceae, it contains bitter iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed by cats or dogs in quantity. A mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution; the plant is not known to cause serious harm but should be kept away from pets that habitually chew plants. |
| Chimanta sun pitcher | Heliamphora chimantensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heliamphora chimantensis is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family Sarraceniaceae (including the California pitcher plant Darlingtonia) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds are documented in any Heliamphora species. Standard supervision is advised around curious pets. |
| Chimera Dragon Orchid | Dracula chimaera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dracula is not individually listed by ASPCA. However, it belongs to the Orchidaceae family, subfamily Epidendroideae (tribe Epidendreae), which has no known toxic principles. The closely related Masdevallia genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. Based on available evidence, no toxic compounds are reported in Dracula; nonetheless, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals due to plant fibre. |
| Chin Cactus | Gymnocalycium schickendantzii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is non-toxic to dogs and cats per ASPCA. The Cactaceae family has no known toxic compounds. The chin-like tubercle ridges are blunt and the spines are relatively soft compared to many cacti, though handling with care is still advisable. |
| Spider Cactus | Gymnocalycium baldianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and cacti (Cactaceae) are not considered systemically poisonous to cats or dogs. Not individually named by the ASPCA, so this is a family-level safe rating: no toxic principle, though the curved spines can injure a curious pet's mouth or paws. |
| China aster | Callistephus chinensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Callistephus chinensis (China aster) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Annual asters are generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats; no significant toxic alkaloids or irritants have been identified in the species. Contact dermatitis from handling the foliage can occasionally occur in sensitive individuals due to sesquiterpene lactones present in Asteraceae family members, but systemic toxicity is not expected. |
| China fir | Cunninghamia lanceolata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cunninghamia is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats and dogs. With no authoritative pet listing, treat as uncertain; the stiff, sharp needles can also physically injure the mouth or gut if chewed. Verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| China Girl dogwood | Cornus kousa 'China Girl' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cornus kousa fruits are consumed by wildlife and used in some human recipes, but Cornus species are not individually confirmed as pet-safe by ASPCA. The genus has no widely documented severe toxicity, but ingestion of fruit or foliage by pets may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Use caution. |
| China pink | Dianthus chinensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dianthus species are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) and mild skin irritation from contact with sap. Not considered life-threatening. |
| Chincherinchee | Ornithogalum thyrsoides | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Ornithogalum thyrsoides are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, rabbits, and humans. The plant contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides that interfere with heart muscle electrolyte balance, potentially causing vomiting, cardiac arrhythmia, and in large doses, fatal cardiac effects. Above-ground parts can cause contact skin irritation. Seek veterinary attention immediately if pets ingest any part. |
| Chinese Angelica | Angelica sinensis | herb | Mildly toxic | Angelica sinensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The plant contains furanocoumarins (psoralens) that cause phototoxic skin reactions — sap plus sunlight causes burns. It also contains compounds with oestrogenic and anticoagulant activity; not safe for pregnant humans or animals. Ingestion of large quantities may cause GI upset and photosensitivity in pets. Treat as mildly toxic out of caution; keep away from dogs and cats. |
| Chinese Arborvitae | Thuja orientalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thuja orientalis is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. As with other Thuja species, the foliage contains low levels of thujone, but ASPCA does not classify this species as toxic. Large ingestion of foliage may cause mild GI upset. Considered pet-safe; seek veterinary advice if unusual symptoms occur after ingestion. |
| Chinese artichoke | Stachys affinis | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although the tubers are a traditional human food and no specific pet toxicity is documented, it is not ASPCA-verified as non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pets to chew it. |
| Chinese astilbe | Astilbe chinensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astilbe chinensis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. It is safe for pets and humans. |
| Chinese astilbe | Astilbe chinensis 'Visions' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Astilbe is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting. |
| Kailaan Green gai lan | Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra 'Kailaan Green' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Brassica oleracea crop it contains glucosinolates/isothiocyanates that may cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats if eaten in quantity; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Chinese bush cherry | Prunus japonica | edible | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The ASPCA lists Prunus species as toxic owing to cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves, and seeds; wilting foliage is especially dangerous. Signs include dilated pupils, bright-red gums, difficulty breathing, panting, and shock. The fruit pulp is edible for people, but discard pits and keep pets from prunings. |
| Michihili cabbage | Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 'Michihili' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Chinese cabbage is generally considered safe for cats and dogs in small amounts by vets, but as a cruciferous brassica it contains goitrogens that can interfere with thyroid function if eaten in quantity, and lacks a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Chinese chestnut | Castanea mollissima | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Castanea mollissima is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and yields edible nuts; treat as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It must not be confused with the toxic horse chestnut (Aesculus). As with any starchy nut, large quantities can cause digestive upset or a choking/obstruction risk, and the spiny burs can injure mouths and paws. |
| Chinese Douglas Fir | Pseudotsuga sinensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pseudotsuga species are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Chinese Douglas Fir has no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats. As with all Douglas firs, the resinous sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals but is not considered a poisoning risk. |
| Chinese Dunce Cap | Orostachys iwarenge | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys iwarenge is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus belongs to Crassulaceae and is botanically related to Sedum and Sempervivum, both of which are listed as non-toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for Orostachys. Consult a vet if in doubt. |
| Chinese Dwarf Bamboo | Pleioblastus chino | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleioblastus species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this genus. Bamboo is generally recognised as non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Chinese elm | Ulmus parvifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ulmus parvifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be asserted. Horticultural sources report at most mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if leaves or bark are chewed. Treat with caution, keep out of reach, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Chinese Enkianthus | Enkianthus chinensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Enkianthus chinensis is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs, and no specific toxic compound has been confirmed for the genus. Given that Ericaceae includes demonstrably toxic genera (Rhododendron, Pieris, Leucothoe) and there is insufficient data to confirm Enkianthus is safe, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. Prevent pets from ingesting foliage or flowers. |
| aglaonema | Aglaonema commutatum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aglaonema as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Chinese fan palm | Livistona chinensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Livistona chinensis is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Livistona species appears on it; the similarly named non-toxic "Fan Tufted Palm" the ASPCA does list is a different genus (Rhapis flabelliformis). With no ASPCA clearance for this species, treat it as potentially mildly toxic, keep nibbling pets away, and verify with your vet, as ingesting any fibrous plant material can cause stomach upset. |
| Chinese Flowering Quince | Chaenomeles speciosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chaenomeles speciosa is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit pulp is edible to humans, but the seeds (like other pome fruits) contain cyanogenic compounds and should not be eaten by pets. Keep dropped fruit and prunings away from animals. |
| Chinese Gentian | Gentiana sino-ornata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana sino-ornata is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a Gentianaceae member containing iridoid glycosides, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs, cats, or horses. Not considered severely toxic, but keep away from pets that graze on garden plants as a precaution. |
| Chinese Hackberry | Celtis sinensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Celtis sinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Hackberries are generally regarded as low in toxic compounds, but the hard berry seeds can cause digestive upset or, in quantity, intestinal blockage, so keep pets from eating fallen fruit. |
| Chinese hazel | Corylus chinensis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Corylus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; the genus produces edible hazelnuts with no toxic principle in foliage or nuts, so treat as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Standard caution applies for fatty nuts, which can cause GI upset or obstruction if eaten in quantity. |
| Chinese Hemlock | Tsuga chinensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga chinensis is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Hemlock conifers of the genus Tsuga have no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats, and are unrelated to the toxic herbaceous plant Conium maculatum despite sharing a common name. |
| Chinese Holly Fern | Cyrtomium devexiscapulae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyrtomium (holly ferns) are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No harmful principles have been reported for this genus. They are considered safe houseplants in homes with pets. |
| Chinese Honeysuckle | Combretum indicum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Combretum indicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The seeds contain quisqualic acid, an AMPA-receptor agonist linked to excitotoxicity at high doses and traditionally used as an anthelmintic. Flowers and leaves have a long history of traditional medicinal use and are not strongly toxic, but ingestion of seeds — especially by children or small pets — warrants caution. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Chinese Ixora | Ixora chinensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ixora is not individually listed by ASPCA in their toxic or non-toxic plant databases. However, the plant contains iridoid glycosides and other alkaloids; ingestion of leaves or berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Chinese Jade | Sinocrassula yunnanensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Sinocrassula yunnanensis is in the family Crassulaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, related jade-type Crassulaceae (Crassula ovata) are listed as toxic to dogs and cats. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children. |
| Chinese Juniper | Juniperus chinensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus chinensis shares the mild toxicity profile of the Juniperus genus. The RHS notes the plant is potentially harmful if eaten. UC Davis classifies Juniperus species as mildly toxic (class 2) to pets and children, with ingestion of berries or foliage potentially causing vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal discomfort. The foliage — particularly the sharp juvenile needles — can also cause contact skin irritation. The ASPCA does not specifically list this species on its toxic plant database, but veterinary sources advise preventing pets from consuming juniper material in significant quantity. |
| Itoigawa Juniper | Juniperus chinensis 'Itoigawa' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus chinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and the genus carries no blanket ASPCA listing, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Juniper foliage, berries and oils can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if chewed, so keep clippings away from pets. |
| Chinese Lantern Plant | Physalis alkekengi | flowering | Toxic | Physalis alkekengi is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. The unripe berries and all green plant parts contain solanine-like alkaloids (physalin) that can cause gastrointestinal distress, lethargy, and in larger doses more serious effects. Ripe berries are considered edible for humans in small amounts but are still a hazard for pets. Keep away from animals. |
| Chinese Larch | Larix potaninii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix (larches) are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for cats, dogs, or horses in this genus. Incidental ingestion of needles or bark is not considered hazardous to pets. |
| pilea | Pilea peperomioides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea peperomioides is generally considered non-toxic and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. |
| Chinese Mulberry | Morus cathayana | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe fruits of Morus cathayana are edible. As with other Morus species, the latex sap in unripe fruit, leaves, and young stems is a mild irritant that can cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) in pets if consumed. ASPCA does not individually list Morus cathayana; based on genus characteristics, unripe fruit and sap-containing plant parts should be considered mildly toxic to pets out of caution. |
| Chinese peony | Paeonia lactiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Paeonia (peony) is listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The primary toxin is paeonol, found throughout the plant but concentrated in the bark and roots. Ingestion typically causes mild to moderate symptoms including vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression; fatalities are rare but veterinary attention is advised if ingestion is suspected. |
| Chinese pistachio | Pistacia chinensis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pistacia chinensis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and no Pistacia species appears on the ASPCA toxic list for cats, dogs, or horses. The small drupes are not considered toxic to pets, though they are not a culinary nut for people; as always, large quantities of any fruit can cause mild GI upset. |
| Chinese plum yew | Cephalotaxus sinensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cephalotaxus sinensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe rating cannot be asserted. Like other plum yews it is NOT a true yew (Taxus) and lacks the lethal taxine alkaloids, but it contains cephalotaxine-type alkaloids. Treat as potentially harmful if eaten, prevent pets from chewing it, and verify with a vet. |
| Chinese Premna | Premna microphylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Premna microphylla is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. There is no established record of serious pet toxicity, but without ASPCA confirmation it should not be assumed pet-safe, so keep pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Chinese quince | Chaenomeles cathayensis | edible | Mildly toxic | Like all Chaenomeles, raw seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides and must not be consumed. The large, fragrant fruit pulp is edible when cooked (cooking destroys the glycosides). ASPCA does not individually list Chaenomeles cathayensis; advise caution with pets. |
| Chinese Swamp Cypress | Glyptostrobus pensilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Glyptostrobus pensilis is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae, ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. No severe toxicity has been documented, but caution is advisable. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Chinese Sweetgum | Liquidambar acalycina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Liquidambar acalycina is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other Liquidambar species it contains resinous terpenes and may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if leaves or seed capsules are ingested by pets or children. Spiny gumballs also represent a mechanical hazard. Keep pets away from fallen seed clusters. |
| Chinese Timber Bamboo | Phyllostachys vivax | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys vivax is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True bamboos have no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Chinese Tupelo | Nyssa sinensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nyssa sinensis is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. The genus has no known toxic principles reported in veterinary toxicology literature. Berries are non-toxic to humans and consumed by wildlife. |
| Chinese Tylecodon | Tylecodon sinensis | houseplant | Toxic | As a member of the Tylecodon genus (Crassulaceae), this species is expected to contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides responsible for 'krimpsiekte' livestock poisoning in South Africa. Tylecodon is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is toxic by the same cardiac glycoside mechanism as ASPCA-listed Kalanchoe. Keep away from cats, dogs, children, and all livestock. Wear gloves when handling. |
| Chinese Weeping Cypress | Cupressus funebris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cupressus funebris is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The Cupressus genus has no documented toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. This species is used ornamentally and culturally across Asia without reported pet toxicity incidents. |
| Chinese White Pine | Pinus armandii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus armandii is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note that consuming this species' pine nuts is associated with 'pine mouth' (a temporary bitter taste disturbance) in people; needles and sap may also irritate, so keep seeds, nuts and prunings away from pets. |
| Chinese Wild Ginger | Asarum splendens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Asarum splendens, like other members of the Aristolochiaceae family, contains aristolochic acids that are toxic to the kidneys if ingested in significant amounts. The ASPCA does not individually list this species. Keep away from pets and children. Not safe for internal use despite the 'ginger' common name. |
| Bulgarian Windmill Palm | Trachycarpus fortunei 'Bulgaria' | tropical | Toxic | Trachycarpus is not individually named by the ASPCA, but palms in the Caryota/related group and many ornamental palms warrant caution; more importantly, fan palms can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and the stiff fibres and spiny petiole bases pose a mechanical hazard to pets. Treat as mildly hazardous and keep pets from chewing fronds; verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Chinese witch hazel | Hamamelis mollis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hamamelis (witch hazel) is not specifically listed as toxic or non-toxic by ASPCA for companion animals. The bark and leaves contain tannins which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Exercise caution with pets that chew woody plants. |
| Chinese woodbine | Lonicera tragophylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lonicera tragophylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The berries of Lonicera species can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets if consumed in quantity. As a precaution, treat the berries of this species as a mild GI irritant for dogs and cats, consistent with guidance on other Lonicera species. |
| Chinese yam | Dioscorea polystachya | edible | Mildly toxic | Dioscorea polystachya is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The raw tuber skin and plant juice contain needle-like calcium oxalate raphides that can cause itching, mouth and skin irritation, drooling, and gastrointestinal upset on contact or if chewed by a pet. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Chinese Yam | Dioscorea batatas | edible | Mildly toxic | Unusually among Dioscorea, D. batatas tubers can be eaten raw (grated as tororo in Japanese cuisine) as well as cooked, and are considered safe for human consumption. However, the aerial bulbils and foliage should not be consumed. Not listed by ASPCA; the genus may cause gastrointestinal irritation in pets. Note: D. batatas is listed as a synonym of D. polystachya by some authorities; it has invasive potential in parts of the eastern US. |
| Chinese Yew | Taxus chinensis | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. Taxus chinensis contains taxine alkaloids throughout its foliage, bark, and seeds — identical in toxicological action to all Taxus species. Ingestion causes rapid cardiac arrhythmia that can be fatal to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. ASPCA lists all Taxus species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Only the fleshy red aril exterior is not toxic; the seed inside it is poisonous. Do not plant where pets or children have access. |
| chinkapin oak | Quercus muehlenbergii | edible | Toxic | Oak (Quercus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic compounds are tannins (gallotannic/tannic acid), most concentrated in acorns, buds and young foliage. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea (sometimes bloody), lethargy, abdominal discomfort and reduced appetite; large or chronic ingestion risks kidney and liver damage, and whole acorns can cause gut obstruction. Despite the sweet acorns being edible to people, keep them away from pets and grazing stock. |
| Chioggia beet | Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 'Chioggia' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Beets (Beta vulgaris) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The page notes that large mature leaves contain oxalic acid, so limit quantities of raw greens; pets with a history of bladder or kidney stones should avoid large amounts of beet due to oxalates. |
| glory-of-the-snow | Chionodoxa luciliae | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA database, and reports on toxicity are mixed. As a close relative of Scilla within the same group of bulbs, its bulbs are generally regarded as mildly toxic and may cause stomach upset if eaten. Treat with caution, keep bulbs and plants away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Chiric Sanango | Brunfelsia grandiflora | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Brunfelsia (Yesterday-Today-and-Tomorrow) as toxic to dogs and cats. Active compounds include brunfelsamidine and hopeanine, which cause severe neurological signs — tremors, seizures, hyperthermia, and in serious cases death. Dogs are particularly vulnerable; even small amounts of leaves, flowers, or berries have caused fatalities. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Aiko chirita | Chirita 'Aiko' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chirita 'Aiko' (a Primulina hybrid) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its toxicity is unconfirmed. It belongs to Gesneriaceae, whose ASPCA-listed members (African violet, Episcia/flame violet) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the family has no known toxic principle. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| banana chirita | Chirita micromusa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chirita/Microchirita is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Gesneriaceae alongside the African violet (Saintpaulia) and Streptocarpus, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is associated with these gesneriads; it is regarded as pet-safe, though pets should still be discouraged from chewing foliage. |
| Chinese chirita | Chirita sinensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chirita sinensis (Primulina sinensis) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed. It belongs to Gesneriaceae, whose ASPCA-listed members (African violet, Episcia/flame violet) are classed non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Chive-Leaved Thrift | Armeria alliacea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Armeria alliacea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles specific to this species are documented. Applied as mildly-toxic as a precautionary classification; consumption may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| common chives | Allium schoenoprasum | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Allium schoenoprasum as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to N-propyl disulfide. Causes haemolytic anaemia; cooked or raw both dangerous. Cats are especially sensitive. |
| Chocolate Cherry tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Chocolate Cherry' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to solanine in the green leaves, stems and unripe fruit. Signs of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and weakness. Ripe fruit is low in solanine, but keep pets away from the plant itself and any green fruit. |
| Chocolate Chip Bugle | Ajuga reptans 'Chocolate Chip' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ajuga reptans is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. The genus contains iridoid glycosides which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if eaten. Not considered severely toxic; its small stature means accidental ingestion of significant quantity is less likely. |
| Chocolate cosmos | Cosmos atrosanguineus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and the genus, including Cosmos atrosanguineus, is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Eating large amounts of any plant material may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset, but it carries no recognised poisoning risk. |
| Chocolate Mint | Mentha × piperita 'Chocolate' | herb | Toxic | As a Mentha cultivar, it falls under the ASPCA's Mint (Mentha sp., Lamiaceae) listing — toxic to dogs, cats and horses via essential oils, causing vomiting and diarrhea with large ingestions. Treat it like peppermint and keep pets from chewing it. |
| Chocolate Mint | Mentha × piperita 'Chocolate' | herb | Mildly toxic | Mentha × piperita (peppermint) is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. The essential oils, particularly menthol and menthone, can cause GI upset, lethargy, and in large quantities, liver toxicity in cats (which lack the enzyme to metabolise menthol efficiently). The 'Chocolate' cultivar shares this toxicity profile. Keep away from pets. |
| chocolate orchid | Oncidium 'Sharry Baby' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list Oncidium orchids as toxic. Its closest Oncidium entry, the Golden Shower Orchid (Oncidium sphacelatum), is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with the toxic principle recorded as "non-toxic". The chocolate orchid ('Sharry Baby') is an Oncidium hybrid and is considered pet-safe. As with any non-food plant, a curious pet chewing leaves may still get mild, transient stomach upset, so discourage nibbling and consult your vet if a large amount is eaten. |
| Chocolate persimmon | Diospyros kaki 'Chocolate' | edible | Mildly toxic | Diospyros kaki is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is generally regarded as non-toxic, but the seeds (more numerous in this pollination-variant cultivar), stems and unripe astringent fruit can cause gastrointestinal upset or obstruction, and the high sugar may upset pets. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Chocolate Soldier episcia | Episcia 'Chocolate Soldier' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Episcia is a gesneriad (family Gesneriaceae) listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. 'Chocolate Soldier' is a cultivar of E. cupreata and shares the same non-toxic profile. |
| Sundance Mexican orange | Choisya ternata 'Sundance' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Choisya ternata, 'Sundance' is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database and its status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic leaves contain essential oils that may cause mild stomach upset if eaten. |
| White Dazzler choisya | Choisya x dewitteana 'White Dazzler' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Choisya is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. As a member of the Rutaceae (citrus family) its foliage and flowers contain aromatic essential oils that can cause gastrointestinal upset; treat as mildly toxic, keep pets from chewing it, and verify with a vet if ingested. A pet-safe label cannot be asserted. |
| Mexican orange blossom | Choisya ternata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Choisya ternata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety. The aromatic foliage contains essential oils and alkaloids, and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Aztec Pearl Mexican orange | Choisya x dewitteana 'Aztec Pearl' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Choisya x dewitteana 'Aztec Pearl' is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the Choisya genus has no formal ASPCA entry; status is not established, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic foliage contains essential oils that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. |
| Chojuro Asian pear | Pyrus pyrifolia 'Chojuro' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus pyrifolia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The fruit flesh is safe for pets. As with all pome fruits, the seeds contain trace amygdalin; do not intentionally feed seeds to pets, but incidental ingestion of a small number is not a clinical emergency. |
| Nero chokeberry | Aronia melanocarpa 'Nero' | edible | Mildly toxic | Aronia (chokeberry) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so large quantities of raw crushed fruit or chewed plant material could cause gastrointestinal upset. It is botanically distinct from the ASPCA-listed toxic 'Choke Cherry' (Prunus virginiana). |
| Viking chokeberry | Aronia melanocarpa 'Viking' | edible | Mildly toxic | Aronia (chokeberry) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so large amounts of raw crushed fruit or chewed plant material could cause gastrointestinal upset. It is botanically distinct from the ASPCA-listed toxic 'Choke Cherry' (Prunus virginiana). |
| Green Lance choy sum | Brassica rapa var. parachinensis 'Green Lance' | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists cultivated Brassica/Indian Mustard species as toxic to horses (toxic principle: isothiocyanates; signs include GI irritation and colic). Cats and dogs are not flagged as toxic on that entry and tolerate small cooked amounts, but isothiocyanates and oxalates can cause stomach upset, and large repeated quantities carry thiocyanate risk, particularly in cats. Keep away from horses; verify with a vet if a pet seems unwell. |
| Sumo choy sum | Brassica rapa var. parachinensis 'Sumo' | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA classifies cultivated Brassica/Indian Mustard greens as toxic to horses (isothiocyanates; gastrointestinal irritation and colic). The entry does not flag cats or dogs as toxic and small cooked portions are usually tolerated, but isothiocyanates can cause GI upset and large, repeated amounts risk thiocyanate effects—most notably in cats. Keep away from horses and consult a vet for any unwell pet. |
| holiday cactus | Schlumbergera bridgesii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Schlumbergera as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe holiday plant for pet households. |
| Christmas Carol aloe | Aloe 'Christmas Carol' | houseplant | Toxic | As an Aloe hybrid it falls under the ASPCA Aloe listing: toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinones; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets. |
| Dagger fern | Polystichum acrostichoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses under the name Christmas dagger (Polystichum acrostichoides), confirmed directly on the ASPCA plant database. No toxic principle; ingesting foliage may still cause mild, self-limiting GI upset. |
| Christmas Heliconia | Heliconia angusta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia angusta is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle has been documented for this species, but ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied until ASPCA formally confirms its status. |
| Christmas Jewels Bromeliad | Aechmea racinae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea racinae is a member of the Bromeliaceae family. The ASPCA considers bromeliads non-toxic to dogs and cats. No irritant or toxic compounds are documented for Aechmea racinae or the wider Aechmea genus. Safe in pet-friendly homes. |
| Flor de Mayo | Cattleya trianae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Cattleya trianae is the ASPCA's individually listed 'Winter Cattleya,' confirmed non-toxic; ingestion may cause only mild mechanical stomach upset, with no toxic principle. |
| Christmas Palm | Veitchia merrillii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veitchia merrillii (also known as Adonidia merrillii) is a true palm (Arecaceae) with no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the same palm family as confirmed non-toxic genera. The bright red fruits are not known to be toxic to pets, though ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Manila Palm | Adonidia merrillii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (under both 'Christmas Palm' and 'Manila Palm'). The red fruit and fronds pose no poisoning risk, though large quantities of any plant matter can cause mild GI upset. |
| Christmas rose | Helleborus niger | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) directly as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles include bufadienolides, glycosides, veratrin, and protoanemonin; ingestion causes drooling, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, colic, and depression. |
| florist's chrysanthemum | Chrysanthemum × morifolium | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (listed under 'Chrysanthemum' and 'Mum'). The toxic principles are sesquiterpene lactones and pyrethrins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, incoordination, and dermatitis. Cats are especially sensitive to pyrethrins. |
| chrysanthemum greens | Glebionis coronaria | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Chrysanthemum (now Glebionis/Chrysanthemum spp.) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are pyrethrins and sesquiterpene lactones; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, dermatitis and incoordination. Although the young leaves are eaten by humans, keep plants away from pets. |
| Chusan Palm | Trachycarpus fortunei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs under the common names 'Windmill Palm' and 'Fortune's Palm'. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Cigarette Plant | Cheiridopsis cigarettifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cheiridopsis belongs to the family Aizoaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Aizoaceae mesembs have no known toxic principles reported for pets. Ingestion of large quantities of any succulent may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| cilantro | Coriandrum sativum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cilantro/coriander is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Cilician colchicum | Colchicum cilicicum | flowering | Toxic | Colchicum cilicicum contains colchicine and related alkaloids throughout all plant parts. ASPCA recognises autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) as highly toxic to cats and dogs; C. cilicicum carries identical toxic principles. Ingestion can cause severe vomiting, diarrhoea, bloody stools, multi-organ damage, and death. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Cilician Fir | Abies cilicica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies cilicica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but true firs (Abies genus) have no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Needle oils may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if large quantities are consumed. |
| Cilician winter aconite | Eranthis cilicica | flowering | Toxic | Like all Eranthis species, E. cilicica is toxic to cats and dogs. It contains cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides including eranthin A and B) and protoanemonin, characteristic of the Ranunculaceae family. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, bradycardia, respiratory distress, and in severe cases cardiac arrest. Seek veterinary assistance immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Cinco de Mayo | Rosa 'Cinco de Mayo' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species, family Rosaceae, no toxic principle). The thorns are a physical hazard only, so plant where pets won't brush the canes. |
| Cinderella Rose | Rosa 'Cinderella' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species, 'Rose', non-toxic, no toxic principle). Miniature roses are true Rosa and equally safe; the foliage and flowers are not poisonous, and this near-thornless variety poses little even mechanical risk. |
| Mexican Spice Basil | Ocimum basilicum 'Cinnamon' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (basil, Ocimum basilicum). 'Cinnamon' is a cultivar of the same species with no toxic principle, so it is pet-safe; large amounts may still cause mild GI upset. |
| Red Bunny Ears | Opuntia microdasys var. rufida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Opuntia species ("Tree Cactus", family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The flesh is not chemically poisonous, but the barbed glochids are a real physical hazard - they detach instantly and embed in mouths, paws, and skin, so keep the plant out of reach of pets and people. |
| Cinnamon Fern | Osmunda cinnamomea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Osmunda cinnamomea (synonym Osmundastrum cinnamomeum) is listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. It belongs to Osmundaceae, which has no documented toxic compounds affecting dogs or cats. Safe for households with pets. |
| Cinnamon fern | Osmundastrum cinnamomeum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and online sources conflict, so it cannot be asserted as pet-safe. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; assume only mild, self-limiting GI upset is likely from chewing, but do not rely on a confirmed-safe status. |
| cipollini onion | Allium cepa 'Cipollini' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists onion (Allium) as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain N-propyl disulfide and thiosulphates that damage red blood cells, causing oxidative haemolytic anaemia; signs include vomiting, lethargy, pale gums, weakness and reddish urine. Cats are especially sensitive. Keep raw, cooked and dried bulbs away from pets. |
| Rex Begonia Vine | Cissus discolor | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Rex Begonia Vine (Cissus discolor) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is a member of the grape family (Vitaceae), not a true begonia despite the common name, and the wider Cissus genus is recorded by the ASPCA as non-toxic. |
| Java Grape | Cissus javana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cissus javana is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Cissus is not clearly classified there; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Keep it out of reach of pets that chew foliage as a precaution. |
| Oak Leaf Ivy | Cissus rhombifolia 'Ellen Danica' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as Grape Ivy, Cissus rhombifolia, toxic principle: non-toxic). 'Ellen Danica' is a cultivar of that species, so it carries the same non-toxic status. The sap may cause minor skin irritation in sensitive people. |
| Arabian Wax Cissus | Cissus rotundifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cissus rotundifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the published ASPCA non-toxic listing in this genus is for grape ivy, Cissus rhombifolia, and the genus is not blanket-classified, so this species' pet status is uncertain. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| cistus-flowered sundew | Drosera cistiflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. The mucilage-coated leaves trap insects mechanically and contain no systemic toxins harmful to pets. |
| Citron | Citrus medica | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Citrus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Citrus medica is particularly rich in essential oils throughout all plant parts. Limonene, linalool, and psoralens are concentrated in the rind and leaves. Ingestion causes gastrointestinal upset and potential photosensitivity. |
| Citronella Grass | Cymbopogon nardus | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) as toxic to dogs and cats, noting it can cause symptoms including skin irritation, gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea), muscle weakness, and depression if ingested in significant quantities. The essential oils are the primary irritant. Keep pets away from the plant and especially away from concentrated citronella oil products. |
| Clamshell Orchid | Epidendrum cochleatum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Epidendrum orchids (Jewel Orchid, and the Orchidaceae family broadly) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Epidendrum cochleatum has no documented toxic compounds. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but is not considered dangerous to pets. |
| Clamshell Orchid | Epidendrum cocleatum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Epidendrum cocleatum belongs to Orchidaceae, classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. While Epidendrum cocleatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, no toxic principles have been identified in this genus and it is widely regarded as safe in pet-inclusive households. |
| Claret Cup Cactus | Echinocereus triglochidiatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Echinocereus triglochidiatus is not individually listed by ASPCA. No significant alkaloid or oxalate toxins are documented in the genus. The sharp spines can cause physical injury to pets. Ingestion may result in mild gastrointestinal upset from the fibrous tissue. The fruits (red, edible for humans) are not known to be toxic to pets, but consumption in quantity may cause digestive upset. |
| Clarke's cranesbill | Geranium clarkei | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) is distinct from Pelargonium. The ASPCA identifies hardy cranesbills (Geranium species) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, in contrast to Pelargonium ('florist geranium') which is mildly toxic. |
| Muscatel Sage | Salvia sclarea | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia sclarea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Salvias the ASPCA does classify — Salvia officinalis and Salvia coccinea — are non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so this culinary/aromatic relative is treated as pet-safe. Ingesting large quantities of any plant can cause mild stomach upset, and clary sage essential oil, like all essential oils, should be kept away from cats. |
| Clasping Sage | Salvia amplexicaulis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Salvia genus is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Salvia amplexicaulis. |
| Claw Sage | Salvia unguiculata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The plant is considered safe for households with pets. |
| Cleft Phlox | Phlox bifida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phlox bifida belongs to the family Polemoniaceae. ASPCA lists Phlox subulata (the related sand/moss phlox) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been identified in the Phlox genus. |
| Scarlet Cleistocactus | Cleistocactus baumannii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Cleistocactus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| White-Spined Cleistocactus | Cleistocactus hyalacanthus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Cleistocactus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Clematis | Clematis spp. | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis (Clematis spp., family Ranunculaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is an irritant glycoside, protoanemonin, found throughout the plant; clinical signs are salivation (drooling), vomiting and diarrhoea, plus mouth and skin irritation on contact with damaged tissue. The plant is bitter and rarely eaten in quantity, but site it away from pets that chew foliage and contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Bill MacKenzie clematis | Clematis 'Bill MacKenzie' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Clematis). Contains the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; ingestion or sap contact causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Wear gloves when pruning and keep pets away from foliage and cuttings. |
| Comtesse de Bouchaud clematis | Clematis 'Comtesse de Bouchaud' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Clematis). The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; ingestion or contact with the sap can cause salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep pets away and wear gloves when pruning. |
| Dr Ruppel clematis | Clematis 'Dr. Ruppel' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is protoanemonin, an irritant glycoside released on chewing, causing drooling, oral and skin irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Cases are uncommon because the plant is bitter, but keep pets from grazing it. |
| Ernest Markham clematis | Clematis 'Ernest Markham' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin, which causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested. The sap can also irritate skin. |
| Etoile Violette clematis | Clematis 'Etoile Violette' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Clematis). The irritant glycoside protoanemonin is the toxic principle; ingestion or sap contact causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Handle with gloves and keep pets away from foliage and prunings. |
| Hagley Hybrid clematis | Clematis 'Hagley Hybrid' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin, which causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested. The sap may also irritate skin on contact. |
| Henryi clematis | Clematis 'Henryi' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin, which causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested. The sap can also irritate skin on contact. |
| Jackman's clematis | Clematis 'Jackmanii' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; signs of ingestion include salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep pets from chewing the foliage and stems. |
| Miss Bateman clematis | Clematis 'Miss Bateman' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin, causing salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea if eaten. Skin contact with the sap can also cause irritation. |
| Multi Blue clematis | Clematis 'Multi Blue' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principle is protoanemonin, an irritant glycoside. Ingestion causes drooling, mouth and skin irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea. The bitter taste deters most animals, but keep curious pets away from the vine. |
| Nelly Moser clematis | Clematis 'Nelly Moser' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; signs of ingestion include drooling/salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep pets from chewing the foliage and stems. |
| Niobe clematis | Clematis 'Niobe' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is an irritant glycoside (protoanemonin), causing salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea if eaten. Sap can irritate skin, so wear gloves when pruning. |
| Polish Spirit clematis | Clematis 'Polish Spirit' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Clematis). Contains the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; ingestion or sap contact causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Wear gloves when pruning and keep pets away from the plant and cuttings. |
| Rebecca clematis | Clematis 'Rebecca' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with protoanemonin (an irritant glycoside) as the toxic principle. Chewing the plant can cause drooling, oral irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Poisoning is rare because the foliage is bitter, but keep pets from grazing on it. |
| The President clematis | Clematis 'The President' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; signs of ingestion include drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep pets from chewing the foliage and stems. |
| Ville de Lyon clematis | Clematis 'Ville de Lyon' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, via the irritant glycoside protoanemonin. Ingestion can cause salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea, and the sap may irritate skin on contact. |
| Warsaw Nike clematis | Clematis 'Warszawska Nike' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin, causing salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea if eaten. Contact with the sap may also irritate skin. |
| Westerplatte clematis | Clematis 'Westerplatte' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is protoanemonin, an irritant glycoside released when the plant is chewed; signs include drooling, mouth irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Ingestion is uncommon due to the bitter, unpalatable foliage, but keep pets away. |
| Armand clematis | Clematis armandii | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is an irritant glycoside (protoanemonin); ingestion can cause salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Contact with sap may also irritate skin, so handle with care. |
| Siebold's clematis | Clematis florida 'Sieboldii' | flowering | Toxic | Despite the 'passion flower clematis' nickname, this is a true Clematis, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is protoanemonin, an irritant glycoside causing drooling, oral irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. Keep pets away from the foliage. |
| solitary clematis | Clematis integrifolia | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Clematis). Contains the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; ingestion or sap contact causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Wear gloves when handling and keep pets away from foliage and prunings. |
| mountain clematis | Clematis montana | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Clematis as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; signs of ingestion include salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep pets from chewing the abundant foliage and stems. |
| ground clematis | Clematis recta | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Clematis). The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; ingestion or sap contact causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Handle with gloves and keep pets away from foliage and prunings. |
| golden clematis | Clematis tangutica | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Clematis). The toxic principle is the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; ingestion or sap contact causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Handle with gloves and keep pets away from foliage and prunings. |
| Italian clematis | Clematis viticella | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Clematis, also listed under 'Virgin's Bower'). Contains the irritant glycoside protoanemonin; ingestion or sap contact causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Wear gloves when handling and keep pets away. |
| Clementine | Citrus reticulata 'Clementine' | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Citrus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens are concentrated in the leaves, stems, and rind; the fruit flesh poses lower risk but is still acidic. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and photosensitivity. |
| clementine | Citrus × clementina | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists orange and related Citrus species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens, concentrated in the peel, leaves and stems. Ingestion of plant material can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and photosensitive dermatitis. The ripe flesh is much less of a risk than the foliage and peel. |
| Cleopatra begonia | Begonia cleopatrae | houseplant | Toxic | Listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA under the entry 'Mapleleaf Begonia' (Begonia cleopatrae). Contains soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion causes vomiting, salivation, and skin irritation on contact with sap. Kidney failure is a risk in grazing animals. |
| Cleopatra flame violet | Episcia 'Cleopatra' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Episcia as non-toxic to both dogs and cats. 'Cleopatra' is a cultivar within the same genus and shares the same non-toxic profile. No toxic principles are documented for Episcia. |
| summersweet | Clethra alnifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and Clethra has no documented toxic principle; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Hummingbird summersweet | Clethra alnifolia 'Hummingbird' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and Clethra has no documented toxic principle; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Ruby Spice summersweet | Clethra alnifolia 'Ruby Spice' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Clethra alnifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a positive safety listing cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Japanese clethra | Clethra barbinervis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Clethra barbinervis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution, keep pets from chewing it, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. No serious poisoning is documented, but absence of an ASPCA listing means safety cannot be asserted. |
| Cleveland sage | Salvia clevelandii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Cleveland sage is widely cited as pet-safe; the aromatic oils may cause mild gastric upset if consumed in very large quantities. |
| Cliff African violet | Saintpaulia rupicola | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saintpaulia spp. are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are reported for any African violet species. |
| Cliff Cotyledon | Cotyledon barbeyi | houseplant | Toxic | All Cotyledon species contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides and are toxic to cats, dogs, and livestock. ASPCA lists Cotyledon orbiculata (the type species) as toxic; the toxic principle applies across the genus. Ingestion can cause vomiting, muscle tremors, weakness, and cardiac effects. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Cliff Date Palm | Phoenix loureiroi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Phoenix loureiroi is not individually listed by ASPCA, but as a Phoenix palm the primary hazard is the stiff, sharply pointed basal pinnae (spines) that can pierce skin or injure pets. The small date-like fruits are not considered toxic. The genus has no documented toxic principle in the ASPCA database; physical injury from spines is the main concern. |
| cliff date palm | Phoenix rupicola | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists date palms in the genus Phoenix (Pygmy/Miniature/Dwarf Date Palm, Phoenix roebelenii) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and P. rupicola shares this safe genus status. Unlike its spiny relatives its lower leaflets are comparatively soft, but hard seeds can still pose a choking or gastrointestinal-blockage risk if swallowed. |
| Cliff Holly Fern | Cyrtomium fortunei var. clivicola | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Cyrtomium falcatum (Japanese holly fern) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Cyrtomium fortunei var. clivicola belongs to the same genus with no reported toxic principles; it is not individually listed by ASPCA but is considered low-risk within the genus. |
| Climbing aloe | Aloe ciliaris | houseplant | Toxic | Aloe is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (the climbing aloe is sometimes reclassified as Aloiampelos but shares the same toxic chemistry). Toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinones; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Climbing Fetterbush | Pieris phillyreifolia | flowering | Toxic | Contains grayanotoxins as with all Pieris species, confirmed toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. Clinical signs of poisoning include hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, cardiovascular collapse, and potentially death. |
| Blue Lake bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Blue Lake Climbing' | edible | Mildly toxic | Phaseolus vulgaris is not individually listed as safe by the ASPCA, and raw common beans contain lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) that can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in pets if eaten in quantity; thoroughly cooked beans are far safer. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet eats raw pods or seeds. |
| Climbing Hydrangea | Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Leaves, buds and flowers contain a cyanogenic glycoside (hydrangin); ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, with larger amounts, depression. Keep pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Climbing Iceberg | Rosa 'Climbing Iceberg' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species, family Rosaceae, no toxic principle identified). Being nearly thornless it poses little physical risk, though it should still not be eaten in quantity. |
| Climbing Oleander | Strophanthus gratus | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Strophanthus gratus are severely toxic to pets and humans. The seeds are the most potent source of ouabain (g-strophanthin), a cardiac glycoside that inhibits the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump, causing life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. The plant is in the Apocynaceae family (same as oleander and Adenium) and shares their mechanism of cardiac toxicity. Wear gloves when handling, keep away from children and all pets, and contact emergency veterinary or poison control services immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Climbing Onion | Bowiea volubilis | houseplant | Toxic | Bowiea volubilis is toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. The bulb contains cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides) and other alkaloids that can cause severe gastrointestinal upset, cardiac arrhythmias, and in large doses may be life-threatening. ASPCA lists the closely related Bowiea genus as toxic. Keep strictly away from pets and children and wash hands after handling. |
| Climbing sundew | Drosera macrantha | flowering | Mildly toxic | Drosera species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; they contain plumbagin which may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. Treat as mildly-toxic for cats and dogs until an authoritative non-toxic classification is confirmed. |
| Sabah snake grass | Clinacanthus nutans | tropical | Mildly toxic | Clinacanthus nutans is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is unlisted. Although it is used in human herbal medicine, that does not establish ASPCA pet safety; treat it as uncertain, keep it away from cats and dogs, and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Clinton's Wood Fern | Dryopteris clintoniana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris clintoniana is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a precaution for all unlisted Dryopteris species, treat as mildly-toxic: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. |
| Natal lily | Clivia miniata | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Clivia miniata as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to lycorine and related alkaloids. Ingestion can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, and rarely cardiac arrhythmia. |
| Bush Lily | Clivia miniata 'Belgian Hybrid' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (Clivia Lily). The toxic principle is lycorine and related Amaryllidaceae alkaloids concentrated in the bulb; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, and large amounts may cause tremors, low blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias. Keep away from pets. |
| yellow clivia | Clivia miniata 'Doris Joy' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Clivia / Kaffir Lily, family Amaryllidaceae). The toxic principle is lycorine and related alkaloids, highest in the bulb-like base; signs include drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, with tremors and heart-rhythm effects after large ingestions. Keep away from pets. |
| Cloth of Gold Saxifrage | Saxifraga 'Cloth of Gold' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga cultivars have no reported toxic principle. The genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and no veterinary literature identifies any harmful compounds; considered safe around pets and children. |
| Cloud Liveforever | Dudleya nubigena | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya nubigena is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Dudleya genus belongs to Crassulaceae but has no documented toxic principles and is not related to toxic genera such as Crassula or Kalanchoe. No toxicity to dogs, cats, or humans is reported. General caution around plant ingestion is always prudent. |
| Cloud Nine Dogwood | Cornus florida 'Cloud Nine' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cornus florida berries and bark contain cornin (verbenalin) and other iridoid glycosides. ASPCA lists Cornus species as non-toxic to dogs and cats; however, the berries cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity and are mildly toxic to humans. Pet owners should exercise caution. |
| cloudberry | Rubus chamaemorus | edible | Mildly toxic | Rubus chamaemorus is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ASPCA does list a related species, Creeping Rubus (Rubus pedatus), as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and the genus is generally regarded as benign, but this species itself is unconfirmed, so keep foliage and fruit away from pets to be safe. |
| Clouds of Perfume woodland phlox | Phlox divaricata 'Clouds of Perfume' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA considers the Phlox genus non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for any Phlox species. |
| Clove | Syzygium aromaticum | herb | Mildly toxic | Clove essential oil (eugenol) is toxic to cats and can cause liver damage in high concentrations — even diluted clove oil should be kept away from cats. ASPCA does not individually list Syzygium aromaticum, but eugenol-containing plants are known feline hazards. Dried cloves and clove oil pose a more serious risk than occasional contact with foliage; keep out of reach of pets. |
| Clove Vine | Tynanthus panurensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | No specific ASPCA listing for Tynanthus panurensis. The Bignoniaceae family (which includes this genus) contains iridoid compounds and essential oils (notably eugenol) that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Exercise caution with pets and children; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Clowes' Miltonia | Miltonia clowesii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miltonia is in Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA considers non-toxic to cats and dogs. Miltonia clowesii is not listed individually by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are documented for the genus. |
| Clubmoss cassiope | Cassiope lycopodioides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cassiope lycopodioides is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus belongs to Ericaceae; no toxic principles have been reported for Cassiope. While some Ericaceae relatives are toxic (Rhododendron, Kalmia), Cassiope does not share these documented toxins. As with any unverified plant, consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Clumping Bamboo | Fargesia robusta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fargesia robusta is a true bamboo (Poaceae) with no toxic principle reported for cats, dogs, or horses. Not individually ASPCA-listed, but true bamboos are universally considered non-toxic. |
| Cluster-Headed Mezobromelia | Mezobromelia capituligera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mezobromelia (Bromeliaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; bromeliads as a family are classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Clustered bellflower | Campanula glomerata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula glomerata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Campanula species are generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. No significant toxic principles have been identified in this genus. Generally regarded as safe around pets and children. |
| Clustered Dunce Cap | Orostachys aggregata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys is widely reported as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. Multiple succulent-care sources referencing ASPCA data classify the genus as pet-safe. No toxic principles have been documented for this genus. |
| Clustered Freesia | Freesia corymbosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Freesia is listed by the ASPCA among non-toxic plants commonly found in bouquets. No toxic principles are reported for the genus. Ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive pets. |
| Clustered mountain mint | Pycnanthemum muticum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pycnanthemum muticum is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The aromatic foliage contains essential oils typical of the mint family at concentrations regarded as non-toxic; occasional nibbling by pets is unlikely to cause harm beyond mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Clustered Sanicle | Sanicula odorata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sanicula odorata is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. No documented severe toxicity to pets or humans is reported in the literature. The foliage has a bitter taste that deters mammalian browsers (including deer), suggesting the presence of unpalatable secondary compounds. Treat with standard caution and keep away from pets as a precaution. |
| Clustered Silver Skin | Argyroderma congregatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Argyroderma is in the family Aizoaceae. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but related Aizoaceae mesembs are on the ASPCA non-toxic list and no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus in veterinary or botanical research. |
| Clustered Sinningia | Sinningia aggregata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa), the type species of this genus, as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified. The genus Sinningia as a whole is widely regarded as pet-safe. |
| Clustered Specklinia | Specklinia aggregata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Specklinia (formerly Pleurothallis) belongs to Orchidaceae, which ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Specklinia aggregata is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family has no known toxic principle to companion animals. |
| Clustering Fishtail Palm | Caryota mitis | tropical | Toxic | Caryota mitis fruit contain calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the mesocarp and juice. Contact causes intense oral burning, excessive salivation, vomiting, and oedema of the mouth and throat in dogs and cats. The ASPCA lists Caryota mitis as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Wear gloves and protective eyewear when cutting stems, as the sap can cause severe skin and eye irritation. |
| Clytie kohleria | Kohleria 'Clytie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohleria 'Clytie' is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Gesneriaceae family has no known toxic principles and African violets (Saintpaulia spp.), the most prominent member, are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA. No veterinary toxicity reports have been documented for Kohleria cultivars. |
| Coarctate haworthia | Haworthiopsis coarctata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Haworthia/Haworthiopsis group does not appear on the ASPCA toxic list). Considered safe around pets; large amounts of fibrous leaf may cause minor, transient digestive upset. |
| Coast Redwood Bonsai | Sequoia sempervirens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sequoia sempervirens is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so no confirmed non-toxic status exists. As an unlisted conifer of uncertain stance, treat with caution — ingestion of plant foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. Keep trimmings away from pets and consult a vet if a pet eats it. |
| Coast Rock Cress | Arabis blepharophylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arabis blepharophylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a member of Brassicaceae, the family has no well-documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. Generally regarded as non-toxic to pets, though as always, discouraging pets from eating ornamental plants is advisable. |
| Coastal doghobble | Leucothoe axillaris | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dog Hobble (Leucothoe species) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is grayanotoxin, which interferes with sodium ion channels and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, weakness, cardiovascular collapse, low blood pressure, and potentially coma or death. Keep away from all pets and livestock. |
| Coastal Leucothoe | Leucothoe axillaris | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Leucothoe (Dog Hobble) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is grayanotoxin, which disrupts sodium channels in nerve and muscle tissue. Clinical signs of ingestion include salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, weakness, cardiovascular collapse, and potentially death. |
| Cob Cactus | Lobivia famatimensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lobivia famatimensis (family Cactaceae, now often reclassified under Echinopsis) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Cactaceae as a family contains no widely recognised toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. The spines present a physical puncture hazard to pets. |
| cup and saucer vine | Cobaea scandens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. As with any unverified plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and vomiting in cats and dogs, so discourage chewing. |
| Cobra Fern | Asplenium nidus 'Cobra' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Asplenium nidus cultivars contain no recognised toxic compound; chewing may at most cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset. |
| Japanese cobra lily | Arisaema sikokianum | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of genus Arisaema — whose jack-in-the-pulpit (A. triphyllum) is ASPCA-listed as toxic — it contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in corm, foliage and berries. Chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing in cats and dogs. Treat as toxic and keep berries and corms from pets. |
| Cobra lily | Darlingtonia californica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists the California Pitcher Plant (Darlingtonia californica, family Sarraceniaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may still cause mild stomach upset, so it is best kept out of pets' reach. |
| Cobweb Hens and Chicks | Sempervivum arachnoideum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Sempervivum / hens and chickens). A pet-safe genus; ingestion may at most cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Cobweb Spiderwort | Cyanotis arachnoidea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. Commelinaceae relatives contain compounds linked to contact dermatitis and mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. The soft hairs may cause mild oral irritation if ingested. Treat with caution around cats, dogs, and children — not considered severely toxic but best kept out of reach. |
| Cochinchina Lady Palm | Rhapis cochinchinensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rhapis palms are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs; the genus is widely regarded as non-toxic, making this species safe for pet households. |
| Cockleshell orchid | Encyclia spp. | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The cockleshell orchid (Encyclia cochleata, syn. Prosthechea cochleata) is not individually listed, but the ASPCA individually lists genus member Encyclia tampensis (Florida butterfly orchid) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (toxic principles: non-toxic). As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet before relying on safety. |
| Clamshell Orchid | Prosthechea cochleata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Prosthechea cochleata is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but orchids carry no toxic principle and every ASPCA-listed orchid genus (including the closely allied Spice Orchid, Epidendrum) is classified non-toxic to cats and dogs. Treat as pet-safe; a curious nibble may still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| cockscomb | Celosia argentea var. cristata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celosia argentea (including var. cristata) is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants. The ASPCA lists Celosia (Celosia plumosa, family Amaranthaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. As with any plant, ingesting a significant quantity may cause mild, transient stomach upset, but it poses no recognised poisoning risk. |
| Coco Palm | Cocos nucifera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA does not list Cocos nucifera as toxic, and it is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Note the ASPCA caution that coconut flesh, milk and oil can cause loose stools or stomach upset in large amounts, and a whole nut is a choking/obstruction hazard — but the plant itself is not poisonous. |
| Red Creeping Thyme | Thymus praecox 'Coccineus' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thyme (Thymus species, including creeping thyme) is classified non-toxic; fresh or dried foliage is harmless if nibbled, though concentrated thyme essential oil should never be given to pets. |
| Coconut-Scented Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum cocoinum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bulbophyllum cocoinum belongs to Orchidaceae. The ASPCA lists Bulbophyllum (Cirrhopetalum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bulbophyllum cocoinum falls within this genus and is considered non-toxic to pets. The coconut fragrance is from volatile aromatic compounds rather than any toxic principle. |
| Coconut Geranium | Pelargonium grossularioides | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles; ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, and cats are especially sensitive. Keep away from pets. |
| Cocoon Plant | Senecio haworthii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses as a Senecio species listed by the ASPCA. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause liver damage with significant ingestion. The woolly sap can also cause contact skin irritation. Keep away from pets and children. |
| thick-leaved codonanthe | Codonanthe crassifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Codonanthe crassifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Codonanthe has no established toxic principle in the literature; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Keep out of reach of pets and discourage chewing of the berries. |
| graceful codonanthe | Codonanthe gracilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Codonanthe gracilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Codonanthe has no documented toxic principle; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. Keep out of reach and prevent pets from chewing the leaves or red berries. |
| sunset codonatanthus | Codonatanthus 'Sunset' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Codonatanthus 'Sunset' is an intergeneric Codonanthe x Nematanthus hybrid and is not individually listed by the ASPCA; neither parent genus has a documented toxic principle, but the cross is unverified, so treat it with caution and confirm with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Crested Coelogyne | Coelogyne cristata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs (as with the listed Spice and Phalaenopsis orchids); treat as pet-safe. Eating plant material can still cause mild, passing gastrointestinal upset. |
| Drooping Coelogyne | Coelogyne flaccida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of the Orchidaceae it falls within a family the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs (consistent with listed orchids such as Spice and Phalaenopsis); treat as pet-safe. Nibbling foliage may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Massange's Coelogyne | Coelogyne massangeana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs (as with listed orchids such as Spice and Phalaenopsis); treat as pet-safe. Eating foliage may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Shining Coelogyne | Coelogyne nitida | tropical | Mildly toxic | Coelogyne nitida is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ASPCA classifies the orchids it does list (Phalaenopsis Orchid, Florida Butterfly Orchid/Encyclia tampensis) as non-toxic, and Orchidaceae has no recognised toxic principle, so serious poisoning is unlikely; however, because this species/genus is not specifically listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Chewing may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and pesticide or fertiliser residues pose more risk than the plant tissue itself. |
| Black-lipped Coelogyne | Coelogyne pandurata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Coelogyne pandurata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and Coelogyne is not among the orchid genera the ASPCA names as non-toxic. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; chewing may cause mild GI upset. |
| Coffee plant | Coffea arabica | tropical | Toxic | Treat the coffee plant as toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA does not list Coffea arabica individually (its "Coffee Tree" entry is a different plant, Polyscias guilfoylei, which is toxic via saponins). However, all green parts, the seeds (beans) and the red cherries of Coffea arabica contain caffeine, a methylxanthine. ASPCA Animal Poison Control and veterinary toxicology sources confirm caffeine is toxic to both cats and dogs, causing vomiting, restlessness, a racing heart, tremors and, in serious cases, seizures. Keep the plant and any dropped berries out of pets' reach and call a vet or the ASPCA APCC (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Coin-Leaf Peperomia | Peperomia polybotrya | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia obtusifolia and Peperomia hederifolia as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, and the genus as a whole is considered non-toxic; no toxic principles have been identified. |
| Cole's Prostrate Hemlock | Tsuga canadensis 'Cole's Prostrate' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga canadensis and its cultivars are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. 'Cole's Prostrate' has no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats. The common name 'hemlock' refers to this ornamental conifer only — it is entirely unrelated to the toxic herb Conium maculatum. |
| painted nettle | Coleus scutellarioides | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to essential oils. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. |
| coleus | Solenostemon scutellarioides | houseplant | Toxic | Listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (aspca.org). Toxic principle: essential oils. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, depression, anorexia, and occasionally bloody vomiting or diarrhea. Keep away from pets. |
| Colima butterwort | Pinguicula colimensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinguicula is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The enzymatic mucilage on leaves is effective against small insects but poses no toxicity risk to mammals. |
| Collins' Heliconia | Heliconia collinsiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia collinsiana is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle is documented for this species. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. |
| Black Magic elephant ear | Colocasia esculenta 'Black Magic' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Colocasia esculenta (taro / elephant's ears) as toxic to both dogs and cats. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing cause intense oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and call the ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if ingested. |
| Coffee Cups taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Coffee Cups' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant's ear/taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral pain, drooling, vomiting and swallowing difficulty. Raw plant tissue is also unsafe for people; only properly cooked taro is edible. |
| Imperial Taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Illustris' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Colocasia esculenta (Elephant Ears/Taro, family Araceae) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Like other aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Mojito Elephant Ear | Colocasia esculenta 'Mojito' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Colocasia esculenta (Elephant Ears) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; 'Mojito' is a cultivar of this species, so the listing applies. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. |
| Pink China elephant ear | Colocasia esculenta 'Pink China' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Colocasia esculenta (Elephant Ears) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; 'Pink China' is a cultivar of this species, so the same toxicity applies. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Wear gloves when handling or dividing, as the sap can also irritate skin. |
| dasheen | Colocasia antiquorum | edible | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA classification for elephant ears/taro (Colocasia esculenta and relatives). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate raphides; signs include oral irritation, intense burning of mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. All raw parts are unsafe to pets and people — corms and leaves are edible for humans only after thorough cooking. |
| Black Coral taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Black Coral' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxin is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, profuse drooling, vomiting, and painful swallowing on chewing, with possible airway swelling. Site out of pets' reach and wash hands after handling. |
| Blue Hawaii taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Blue Hawaii' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing, with rare airway swelling. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling sap. |
| Burgundy Stem taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Burgundy Stem' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant's ear) as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, intense drooling, swelling of the mouth and tongue, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Raw corms are also unsafe; keep away from pets and children. |
| Thailand Giant elephant ear | Colocasia gigantea 'Thailand Giant' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and, in severe cases, swelling that impairs swallowing or breathing. |
| Crown of Tonga taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Crown of Tonga' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Colocasia esculenta (elephant's ear/taro) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing the raw plant causes intense oral burning, swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Elena elephant ear | Colocasia esculenta 'Elena' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral pain, heavy drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing when chewed, occasionally with airway swelling. Keep away from pets and wash hands after contact with the sap. |
| violet-stemmed taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Fontanesii' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Colocasia (elephant's ear) as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion of the raw plant causes oral burning, intense drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| giant elephant ear | Colocasia gigantea | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, profuse drooling, vomiting, and painful swallowing when chewed, with possible airway swelling. The large accessible leaves make it a real hazard; keep pets away and wash hands after handling. |
| Hilo Beauty colocasia | Colocasia esculenta 'Hilo Beauty' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Whether treated as Colocasia or, per current taxonomy, Caladium, the ASPCA lists both genera as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes intense oral burning, swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Black Runner colocasia | Colocasia esculenta 'Black Runner' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and, rarely, swelling that impairs swallowing or breathing. |
| Nancy's Revenge taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Nancy's Revenge' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxin is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, heavy drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing, with rare airway swelling. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| Pharaoh's Mask taro | Colocasia esculenta 'Pharaoh's Mask' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing triggers oral irritation, profuse drooling, vomiting, and painful swallowing, with rare airway swelling. Keep out of pets' reach and wash hands after handling. |
| Puckered Up elephant ear | Colocasia esculenta 'Puckered Up' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, profuse drooling, vomiting, and painful swallowing on chewing, occasionally with airway swelling. Keep out of pets' reach and wash hands after handling the sap. |
| Tea Cup alocasia | Colocasia esculenta 'Tea Cup' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia (elephant ear / taro) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxin is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral pain, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing when chewed, sometimes with airway swelling. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling sap. |
| Colombian Zamia | Zamia cf. encephalartoides | tropical | Toxic | All Zamia species are cycads in the family Zamiaceae and contain cycasin and related neurotoxins. The ASPCA lists cycads as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; ingestion causes vomiting, liver failure, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and can be fatal. Seeds are the most toxic part but all tissues are hazardous. Emergency veterinary treatment must be sought immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| Colorado Blue Spruce | Picea pungens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea pungens is not listed as a toxic plant by ASPCA. However, the sharp, stiff needles can cause physical injury to pets' mouths and digestive tracts if chewed, and resinous compounds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Not considered a significant poisoning risk but ingestion of needles or cones is not recommended for cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Purpleleaf Wintercreeper | Euonymus fortunei 'Coloratus' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Euonymus (Spindle Tree) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles are alkaloids and cardenolides; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and weakness, with heart-rhythm abnormalities after large ingestions. Keep foliage and fruit away from pets. |
| Columbia Lewisia | Lewisia columbiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lewisia is not listed by the ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant database. No toxic compound has been identified for this genus, but in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Tricolor Metallica | Peperomia metallica var. colombiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this metallica variety is regarded as pet-safe. There is no associated toxic principle, though eating any houseplant can cause mild, short-lived digestive upset in sensitive pets. |
| Columbine | Aquilegia vulgaris | flowering | Toxic | Aquilegia vulgaris contains toxic alkaloids including magnoflorin and a hydrocyanic acid-forming glycoside; the seeds are particularly concentrated. The ASPCA lists columbine (Aquilegia species) as toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and in significant doses, more serious cardiovascular effects. Pets are rarely attracted to the plant due to its unpleasant taste, but accidental ingestion, particularly of seeds, warrants veterinary attention. |
| Column Aubrieta | Aubrieta columnae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aubrieta columnae is in the Brassicaceae family, which contains no known toxic principles harmful to dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family is broadly considered non-toxic. |
| Column Cactus | Cereus validus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cereus validus is not individually listed by ASPCA. No significant alkaloid or oxalate toxins are documented in the genus, but the sharp spines can cause puncture wounds. Minor gastrointestinal irritation is possible if the flesh is ingested by pets or children. Handle with thick gloves. |
| Columnae Snow-in-Summer | Cerastium tomentosum 'Columnae' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cerastium tomentosum is in the Caryophyllaceae family and is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. The woolly foliage may cause mild mechanical irritation if chewed in quantity, but no systemic toxicity is reported. Considered safe for dogs and cats. |
| Columnar Douglas Fir | Pseudotsuga menziesii 'Fastigiata' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pseudotsuga menziesii is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for Douglas Fir; foliage, bark, and cones are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Columnar English Oak | Quercus robur 'Fastigiata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Quercus robur acorns and leaves contain tannins (gallotannins) that can cause gastrointestinal upset and, if consumed in large quantities, renal damage in dogs, cats, and horses. The ASPCA lists oak (Quercus species) under plants toxic to horses. For dogs and cats, significant acorn ingestion warrants veterinary attention. 'Fastigiata' presents the same risk as the species. |
| goldfish plant | Columnea gloriosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the goldfish plant appears on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database as Gold-Fish Plant (Columnea). No toxic principle is reported, though ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| aladdin's lamp columnea | Columnea 'Aladdin's Lamp' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Gold-Fish Plant, listed as Hypocyrta nummularia, family Gesneriaceae), the goldfish-plant genus, with no toxic principles. Eating large amounts may still cause mild, transient digestive upset, as with most houseplants. |
| inferno goldfish plant | Columnea 'Inferno' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Gold-Fish Plant, listed as Hypocyrta nummularia, family Gesneriaceae), the goldfish-plant genus, with no toxic principles. As with most houseplants, ingesting large amounts may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Variegated Goldfish Plant | Columnea 'Light Prince' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but it belongs to the Gesneriaceae family alongside ASPCA-listed non-toxic relatives (African violet, gloxinia, lipstick plant), which are pet-safe; goldfish plants are widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Discourage nibbling, as any plant can cause mild stomach upset, and verify with a vet if your pet has eaten any. |
| Robin goldfish plant | Columnea 'Robin' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Gold-Fish Plant, listed as Hypocyrta nummularia, family Gesneriaceae), the goldfish-plant genus, with no toxic principles. As with most houseplants, ingesting large amounts may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| hairy goldfish plant | Columnea hirta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Gold-Fish Plant, listed as Hypocyrta nummularia, family Gesneriaceae), the genus to which goldfish plants belong, with no toxic principles. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| linear-leaf columnea | Columnea linearis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Gold-Fish Plant (Columnea) goldfish-plant gesneriads as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Eating a large amount of any plant can still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset, so discourage heavy nibbling. |
| small-leaf goldfish plant | Columnea microphylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Gold-Fish Plant (Columnea) and the wider goldfish-plant gesneriads as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any houseplant, a curious pet that eats a large quantity may get mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Comb Cycad | Cycas pectinata | tropical | Toxic | Cycas pectinata, like all members of the Cycas genus, contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol), a potent hepatotoxin. Seeds are particularly concentrated with the toxin. The ASPCA lists all cycads as toxic to dogs and cats; symptoms include vomiting, bloody stools, liver failure, and death. All parts — leaves, seeds, and roots — should be kept away from pets. |
| Comb Speedwell | Veronica pectinata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica pectinata (family Plantaginaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Veronica has no documented toxic principles in veterinary toxicology and is not associated with poisoning in cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Comb-leaved santolina | Santolina pectinata | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina pectinata is not confirmed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. The genus contains aromatic terpenoids (camphor, pinene, cineole) that may cause gastrointestinal upset — vomiting and diarrhoea — if ingested by cats or dogs. Apply the precautionary principle and prevent pets from eating the foliage. |
| comfrey | Symphytum officinale | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Comfrey contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause liver damage in pets and people if ingested; signs include vomiting, lack of appetite and lethargy. Keep grazing animals and curious pets away; do not treat as pet-safe. |
| Comfrey-leaved rock rose | Cistus symphytifolius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus symphytifolius is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no toxic principles have been identified for this species in published veterinary sources. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied as it is not formally confirmed as non-toxic by ASPCA; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Comice pear | Pyrus communis 'Comice' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe pear flesh is non-toxic to dogs and cats in small amounts. Seeds contain amygdalin (a cyanogenic precursor) and should never be fed to pets. The ASPCA does not list Pyrus communis as a toxic plant but advises avoiding seeds. Always remove seeds and core before offering any pear to a pet. |
| Common Agrimony | Agrimonia eupatoria | herb | Mildly toxic | Agrimonia eupatoria is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. It contains tannins and agrimonolide, and while it has been used in herbal preparations for digestive complaints in pets at low doses, the safety threshold is unclear. Classified as mildly toxic on a precautionary basis; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| Common Angel's Trumpet | Brugmansia arborea | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. All parts of Brugmansia arborea — leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and roots — contain high concentrations of tropane alkaloids including scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine. These are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Ingestion causes tachycardia, dilated pupils, dry mouth, hallucinations, seizures, and can be fatal. ASPCA lists Brugmansia species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Keep completely out of reach; wear gloves when handling. |
| Common Bamboo | Bambusa vulgaris | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa vulgaris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboo shoots and culms are widely consumed by animals and humans alike; no toxic principles are documented for this genus in veterinary literature. |
| Common Bird's-foot Trefoil | Lotus corniculatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains cyanogenic glycosides (principally lotaustralin) that release hydrogen cyanide when plant tissue is damaged; large quantities can cause vomiting, lethargy, and respiratory distress in dogs and cats. Not listed individually on the ASPCA database; classified as mildly toxic based on confirmed cyanogenic glycoside content. |
| Common Bistort | Persicaria bistorta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database, but the plant contains oxalic acid and tannins. Ingestion of large amounts may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets; it should not be offered as forage. Individuals with kidney stones, gout, or rheumatism should also avoid consuming the leaves. |
| Common blue violet | Viola sororia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola species are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Viola sororia is not individually listed by name but belongs to a genus with no reported toxic principles for pets. Both flowers and young leaves are edible for humans, being rich in vitamins A and C. |
| Common box | Buxus sempervirens | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Buxus sempervirens contain steroidal alkaloids including buxine, cyclobuxine, and cycloprotobuxine. ASPCA lists Buxus (boxwood) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, hypotension, and — in severe cases — respiratory failure. The plant has an unpleasant taste that deters casual ingestion. |
| English Boxwood | Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa' | houseplant | Toxic | Boxwood (Buxus) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. All parts contain steroidal alkaloids (notably buxine); ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea and, with larger amounts, neurological signs such as ataxia and seizures. The bitter foliage usually deters serious browsing, but keep clippings away from pets. |
| Common broom | Cytisus scoparius | flowering | Toxic | Cytisus scoparius contains quinolizidine alkaloids including sparteine and cytisine, which are toxic to dogs and cats. Pet Poison Helpline classifies Scotch broom as toxic; symptoms include vomiting, weakness, incoordination, and cardiovascular effects. All parts of the plant should be considered hazardous. |
| Common Broomrape | Orobanche minor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Orobanche minor is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No well-documented toxicity cases in pets are on record, but the plant contains iridoid glycosides and is uneaten by most herbivores; classified as mildly-toxic due to insufficient safety data rather than confirmed harm. |
| Common Bugle | Ajuga reptans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ajuga reptans is not individually listed by ASPCA. Bugleweed species contain iridoid glycosides and have historically been associated with mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in large quantities by dogs or cats. Treat as mildly toxic and prevent pets from consuming significant amounts. |
| Bog violet | Pinguicula vulgaris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No serious toxic principle is documented and it has historic culinary use (curdling milk), so ingestion likely causes at most mild stomach upset, but keep it away from pets as a precaution. |
| Common camas | Camassia quamash | edible | Mildly toxic | Camassia quamash is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and the bulbs are a traditional human food when correctly identified. However, the corms contain saponins and steroidal compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested raw by pets. The critical danger is misidentification with death camas (Anticlea elegans), which is highly toxic — always verify the source of any bulbs. Treat as mildly toxic for pets as a precaution. |
| Common Candelabra Tylecodon | Tylecodon wallichii subsp. wallichii | houseplant | Toxic | All Tylecodon species contain bufadienolide compounds, principally cotyledoside, which are potent neurotoxins. They cause krimpsiekte (paralysis) in livestock and are considered dangerous to dogs, cats, and humans if ingested. Keep well away from pets and children. The ASPCA does not list Tylecodon individually but the genus is documented as severely toxic to animals in veterinary toxicology literature. |
| Common Centaury | Centaurium erythraea | herb | Mildly toxic | Centaurium erythraea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a gentian-family bitter herb it contains secoiridoid glycosides (amarogentin-related compounds); these are recognised as bitter digestive stimulants in humans and are considered low toxicity, but no specific veterinary safety clearance exists. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if a pet ingests large quantities. |
| Common Club-rush | Schoenoplectus lacustris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Schoenoplectus lacustris (syn. Scirpus lacustris) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Sedges in the Cyperaceae family are not associated with pet toxicity. The stems and rhizomes have been used historically in basketry and mat-weaving. No toxic principles are documented for dogs or cats. |
| Common cordgrass | Spartina anglica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spartina anglica is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic plant; Spartina grasses are not associated with toxicity in cats or dogs. |
| Common Cow-wheat | Melampyrum pratense | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains iridoid glycosides (aucubin and related compounds) typical of Orobanchaceae; ingestion of large quantities may cause digestive upset and illness in dogs and cats. Not listed by ASPCA but not confirmed safe — treat as mildly toxic and prevent ingestion. |
| Common Dog Violet | Viola riviniana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola riviniana is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, consistent with the non-toxic status of the wider Viola genus. Leaves and flowers are edible for people and are not harmful to pets in normal garden quantities. |
| common dogwood | Cornus sanguinea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cornus sanguinea is not individually listed by ASPCA. The black berries, while consumed by wildlife, are considered mildly toxic to humans and may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets if eaten. Not confirmed pet-safe; discourage pets from eating the fruit. |
| Common Evening Primrose | Oenothera biennis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae) is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. It should not be confused with Primula (common primrose, Primulaceae) which is toxic. Oenothera evening primroses have no identified toxic principles for pets. |
| common fig | Ficus carica | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists fig (Ficus) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The milky sap and leaves contain ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and ficusin/psoralen (phototoxic). Signs include oral and GI irritation, drooling, vomiting, and dermatitis on skin contact. Ripe fruit flesh is edible for humans; keep pets away from sap and foliage. |
| Foxglove | Digitalis purpurea | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are cardiac glycosides (digitoxin, digoxin and related compounds) present in all parts; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, abnormal heart rate and rhythm, weakness, collapse and death. Treat any ingestion as an emergency. |
| Common Fumitory | Fumaria officinalis | herb | Mildly toxic | Contains isoquinoline alkaloids including protopine and allocryptopine; large doses cause gastrointestinal distress and, in animal models, excitation or convulsions. Not individually listed by ASPCA; classified mildly toxic as a precaution given alkaloid content. Keep pets away from grazed quantities. |
| Common garden tulip | Tulipa gesneriana | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The primary toxic compounds are tulipalin A and B (allergenic lactones), concentrated most heavily in the bulb scales and tunics. Ingestion causes vomiting, excessive drooling, diarrhoea, lethargy, and central nervous system depression. Handling bulbs can cause skin irritation (tulip fingers) in humans. Keep bulbs securely away from pets during storage and planting. |
| Common Ginger | Zingiber officinale | edible | Mildly toxic | Zingiber officinale is not individually listed under its botanical name on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. VCA Animal Hospitals and multiple veterinary sources note ginger is safe in small amounts for cats and dogs and is used medicinally in veterinary practice; however, large quantities may cause gastrointestinal upset, and ginger should be avoided in animals with bleeding disorders, gallbladder disease, or those that are pregnant. Classified here as mildly-toxic in the absence of an explicit ASPCA 'non-toxic' listing — consult your vet before intentional use. |
| Common Gladiolus | Gladiolus communis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Gladiolus species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The corms (bulb-like organs) are the most toxic part. Ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhoea. Symptoms are generally not life-threatening but warrant veterinary attention. Keep corms stored well out of reach of pets. |
| Common Goldfish Plant | Nematanthus gregarius | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (Gold-Fish Plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Common gorse | Ulex europaeus | flowering | Toxic | Gorse seeds and foliage contain quinolizidine alkaloids, principally cytisine, which is toxic to dogs, cats, and livestock. Symptoms of ingestion include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle weakness, and in severe cases neurological signs. Seek veterinary advice immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Common Grape Hyacinth | Muscari botryoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Muscari species contain steroidal saponins throughout the plant, with highest concentrations in the bulbs. Ingestion can cause nausea, drooling, and gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. ASPCA lists Muscari (grape hyacinth) as toxic to dogs and cats. The bulbs represent the greatest hazard. |
| Common Heather | Calluna vulgaris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; the plant contains no identified significant toxic principle and is generally considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Common Hepatica | Hepatica nobilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hepatica nobilis contains protoanemonin (a ranunculaceous irritant) and is considered mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and humans if ingested in significant quantity. Sap contact may cause skin irritation. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Ranunculaceae family is known to contain irritant compounds; treat with caution. |
| Common hollyhock | Alcea rosea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Alcea rosea (hollyhock) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists for cats and dogs. However, members of the Malvaceae family contain mucilaginous compounds and low levels of tannins. In dogs and cats ingestion of leaves or stems may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, loose stools). It is not considered severely toxic, but contact dermatitis from leaf hairs has been reported in sensitive individuals. Treat with caution around pets. |
| Common hyacinth | Hyacinthus orientalis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hyacinthus orientalis as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulbs contain the highest concentration of allergenic lactone alkaloids (narciclasine-type compounds) and calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion — especially of the bulb — causes intense gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea), elevated heart rate, and difficulty breathing. Skin contact with the bulb sap can cause dermatitis in humans too. |
| Common ice plant | Mesembryanthemum crystallinum | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA does not specifically list Mesembryanthemum crystallinum as toxic, and it is generally considered low-risk for cats and dogs; however, the foliage contains soluble oxalates which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in quantity. Classified here as mildly-toxic out of caution pending direct ASPCA species confirmation. |
| Common Iceplant | Mesembryanthemum crystallinum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae) is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family has no known systemic toxic principles, and the plant is widely eaten by humans. The glistening water vesicles are inert epidermal cells. Safe for pets in normal quantities. |
| Common immortelle | Xeranthemum annuum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Xeranthemum annuum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, but no toxic compounds have been reported for this genus or the Asteraceae tribe it belongs to. Generally considered safe around pets; woolly stem hairs may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Common Ironweed | Vernonia fasciculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Vernonia species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ironweed contains bitter sesquiterpene lactones; while these are not considered dangerous to cats and dogs, data is limited and ingestion of large quantities could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution given the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Poet's Jasmine | Jasminum officinale | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as Jasmine, Jasminum species, Oleaceae). Note: true Jasminum is safe, but the unrelated 'jessamine' (Gelsemium sempervirens) is highly toxic — confirm the botanical name. Even non-toxic plants may cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Common Juniper | Juniperus communis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus communis is classified as mildly toxic (UC Davis class 2) to dogs, cats, and horses. Berries, needles, and stems may cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain if ingested in significant quantity. The ASPCA does not specifically list Juniperus on its main toxic plant pages; however, veterinary sources consistently note mild GI toxicity potential. The berries are traditionally used as a culinary spice (gin flavouring) in small quantities by humans but should not be consumed in large amounts. Keep away from pets that chew on garden plants. |
| Common Knapweed | Centaurea nigra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Centaurea nigra is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Related Centaurea species (e.g. Russian knapweed) are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats but toxic to horses. Out of caution, classified as mildly-toxic; ingestion of significant amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Consult a vet if a pet ingests large quantities. |
| common lilac | Syringa vulgaris | flowering | Mildly toxic | True lilac (Syringa vulgaris) is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic/non-toxic plant database; it is widely regarded as non-toxic but is not ASPCA-confirmed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Critically, do NOT confuse it with the unrelated Persian lilac (Melia azedarach), which the ASPCA lists as toxic — large ingestions of true lilac may still cause mild GI upset. |
| Common Lime | Tilia x europaea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tilia (linden/lime) species are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. Dried flowers are widely used for human herbal tea. However, Tilia flowers have been reported to cause narcotic effects in bumblebees under certain conditions. For companion animals, no significant toxic principle is documented. As with all large landscape trees, do not allow pets to ingest large quantities of any plant material. |
| Common Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum aethiopicum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum ferns are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Adiantum aethiopicum contains no known toxic compounds harmful to companion animals. |
| Common Mallow | Malva sylvestris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Common mallow is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; related Malvaceae genera (Hibiscus, Hollyhock) are consistently classified non-toxic. Leaves and unripe pods are widely consumed as food by humans without reported ill effects. |
| Common manzanita | Arctostaphylos manzanita | flowering | Mildly toxic | Arctostaphylos manzanita is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus is generally considered of low toxicity; the berries have been used as food by Indigenous peoples and wildlife. However, as it is not formally ASPCA-cleared, mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested by pets. |
| Common Milkweed | Asclepias syriaca | flowering | Toxic | Asclepias syriaca is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. The plant contains cardenolide cardiac glycosides (including syriogenin) and resinoids throughout all plant parts, including the milky latex sap. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and in severe cases respiratory depression. The dried plant remains toxic. Keep pets away from this species. |
| Common Milkwort | Polygala vulgaris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Polygala vulgaris is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. Polygala species are known to contain saponins (root bark) and methyl salicylate, which can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs if ingested. Classified as mildly-toxic pending specific ASPCA genus-level confirmation. |
| Common Mullein | Verbascum thapsus | herb | Mildly toxic | Verbascum thapsus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists. The seeds contain rotenone and iridoid glycosides considered mildly toxic if ingested in quantity. Traditional herbal preparations use the flowers and leaves, but raw plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and people. Considered low-risk, but ingestion of seeds or large quantities of foliage is not recommended. The dense leaf hairs may cause skin irritation. |
| Common Nardoo | Marsilea drummondii | houseplant | Toxic | Marsilea drummondii contains a potent thiaminase enzyme that destroys vitamin B1 (thiamine). Ingestion by livestock (sheep, horses) causes serious neurological damage. The same risk applies to dogs, cats, and other pets. Raw sporocarps are also toxic to humans. Keep away from all animals. Not listed individually by ASPCA, but the thiaminase content is documented in the veterinary literature. |
| Common peony | Paeonia officinalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Paeonia officinalis is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats, causing gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) if plant material is ingested. The toxic principle is paeonol. All parts are considered toxic, though serious systemic effects are uncommon. |
| Common Polypody | Polypodium vulgare | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium vulgare is not known to be toxic to cats or dogs and is widely regarded in horticultural references as non-toxic to humans and animals. No harmful toxic principles have been identified for this species. |
| Common Poppy | Papaver rhoeas | flowering | Toxic | Papaver rhoeas is listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. It contains isoquinoline alkaloids including rhoeadine, coptisine, and allotropine, which act as CNS depressants and produce opioid-like toxicity. Ingestion can cause sedation, ataxia, pinpoint pupils (dogs) or dilated pupils (cats), drooling, vomiting, respiratory depression, and in severe cases coma. All parts of the plant — including the green stems, leaves, sap, and unripe seed heads — are considered toxic; the milky sap is the most potent. Contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| common purslane | Portulaca oleracea | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Portulaca oleracea (purslane) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates. Signs in pets include drooling, vomiting, weakness and depression; large ingestions risk kidney injury from oxalate accumulation. While purslane is eaten by humans without harm at normal culinary quantities, it should be kept away from pets and grazing animals. Contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion by a pet is suspected. |
| Common quaking grass | Briza media | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Briza media is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic; as with any plant material, large consumption may cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| common rhododendron | Rhododendron ponticum | flowering | Toxic | Rhododendron ponticum is toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. All parts contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), which interfere with sodium channels and can cause vomiting, drooling, heart arrhythmia, hypotension, and in severe cases seizures or death. The ASPCA lists Rhododendron species as toxic to dogs and cats. Honey made from rhododendron nectar ('mad honey') is also toxic. |
| common rush | Juncus effusus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus effusus is not listed as toxic by ASPCA and is not known to contain toxic principles hazardous to cats or dogs. Wildlife including cattle, waterfowl, and small mammals readily graze or use the plant. No toxic compounds have been identified in the genus at concentrations harmful to pets. Treat as low-risk; as with any plant, large ingestion may cause mild GI upset. |
| Common saltmarsh grass | Puccinellia maritima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Puccinellia maritima is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic plant; grasses in the Poaceae family are generally non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Common sea lavender | Limonium vulgare | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs in their safe-plant guidance. The species is also used in herbal medicine with no veterinary toxicity reports on record. Ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals, but no toxic principles are known. |
| Common Snowdrop | Galanthus nivalis | flowering | Toxic | All Galanthus species contain the alkaloid galantamine and related compounds including lycorine throughout the plant, with highest concentrations in the bulbs. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and can cause serious effects including bradycardia in dogs and cats. ASPCA lists Galanthus (snowdrop) as toxic to dogs and cats. The bulbs pose the greatest risk, particularly when they are freshly lifted or newly planted. |
| Garden Sorrel | Rumex acetosa | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Sorrel (and Dock, Rumex) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; signs include salivation and tremors, with kidney failure rare in cats and dogs. Large ingestions are the main concern; keep grazing pets away. |
| Common Spike-rush | Eleocharis palustris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eleocharis palustris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Cyperaceae (sedge family) members have no documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. The species is extensively used in ecological restoration and wildlife habitat projects and is not associated with any pet toxicity concerns. |
| Common Spotted Orchid | Dactylorhiza fuchsii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dactylorhiza fuchsii is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; as its specific safety profile for pets is unconfirmed, it is conservatively classified as mildly toxic. Contact with the sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Common star of Bethlehem | Ornithogalum umbellatum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA specifically lists Ornithogalum umbellatum as toxic to dogs and cats. All parts of the plant contain cardenolide cardiac glycosides. Ingestion causes vomiting, excessive salivation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and lethargy; large ingestions may cause cardiac arrhythmias. Seek veterinary attention promptly if a pet has consumed any part of the plant. |
| Common Stork's Bill | Erodium cicutarium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium cicutarium is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic Plants database (neither toxic nor confirmed non-toxic). In large quantities it has been associated with photosensitivity in sheep, suggesting the presence of bioactive compounds. As a precautionary classification, mildly-toxic is assigned until a definitive ASPCA or veterinary authority assessment is available. The coiled seeds also present a physical hazard, potentially penetrating a dog's skin or coat. Contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435 if concerned. |
| Common teasel | Dipsacus fullonum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dipsacus fullonum is not known to be toxic to cats, dogs, or humans, and no toxic principles have been documented for the genus. The sharp spines on stems and leaves can cause physical injury to skin and paws — this is a physical, not a chemical, hazard. |
| Common Toadflax | Linaria vulgaris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Linaria vulgaris contains glucosides including antirrinoside and linarin. It is documented as mildly toxic to livestock — the toxic glucoside can cause symptoms including rapid breathing, cyanosis, and staggering gait in animals consuming large quantities, though it is unpalatable and poisoning is rarely reported. Not specifically listed on the ASPCA database; classified as mildly-toxic given the documented glucoside content and known livestock toxicity risk. |
| Common tobacco | Nicotiana tabacum | flowering | Toxic | Severely toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (ASPCA genus Nicotiana). Toxic principles include nicotine and anabasine alkaloids. Clinical signs: hyperexcitability followed by depression, vomiting, incoordination, respiratory distress, paralysis, and death is possible. The toxic dose for pets is as low as 0.5 mg/kg body weight. All plant parts — especially fresh leaves — are hazardous. Not safe for any pets or children. |
| common tussock grass | Poa labillardieri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Poa labillardieri is a member of the grass family Poaceae. Grasses do not contain toxic principles for dogs or cats, and Poa species are widely grazed by livestock without adverse effects. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus and family have no known toxic principles. Considered safe for pets. |
| Common Valerian | Valeriana officinalis | herb | Mildly toxic | Valeriana officinalis is not listed as toxic on the ASPCA database and is generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. However, the valerenic acid compounds in roots and leaves have a well-documented psychoactive effect on approximately 50% of cats (causing euphoria, excitability, and potential anxiety), and large-quantity ingestion may cause mild vomiting or hypersalivation in dogs. Classified as mildly-toxic here due to these pharmacological effects rather than true toxicity; consult a veterinarian if a pet consumes the root or large amounts of the plant. |
| Common Vervain | Verbena officinalis | herb | Mildly toxic | Verbena officinalis is not listed as toxic by ASPCA for cats or dogs, but the herb contains iridoid glycosides (verbenalin, aucubin) that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset — nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea — if large quantities are ingested by pets or humans. The ornamental Verbena hybrida is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic; V. officinalis is not individually assessed, so treat with caution and keep away from pets prone to plant chewing. |
| Common Water Hyacinth | Pontederia crassipes | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes / Pontederia crassipes) is confirmed non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Despite the common name, it is unrelated to true hyacinths (Hyacinthus orientalis), which are toxic. Separate identification from the toxic garden hyacinth is important. |
| Common Water Starwort | Callitriche stagnalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Callitriche stagnalis is not listed by ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for the Callitrichaceae family. Widely used in wildlife ponds with fish, amphibians, and waterfowl without reported toxicity. |
| Common Water Starwort | Callitriche stagnalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Callitriche stagnalis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no toxic principles have been identified for this species. As pet-safe status cannot be confirmed by ASPCA, it is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; aquatic access by pets is generally low, but consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Witch Hazel | Hamamelis × intermedia 'Arnold Promise' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hamamelis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and there is no authoritative ASPCA non-toxic listing for it; secondary sources lean non-toxic but disagree. Treat as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe; note that alcohol-based witch hazel products are separately harmful if ingested. |
| Common wormwood | Artemisia absinthium | herb | Toxic | Artemisia absinthium contains the monoterpene thujone and the bitter glycoside absinthin. The North Carolina Extension Plant Toolbox lists it as a problem for both cats and dogs, and veterinary toxicology sources note that ingestion of significant quantities can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, neurological signs including tremors or seizures, and liver damage. Thujone acts as a GABA-A receptor antagonist. Keep pets away from this plant. |
| Commutatum Fern | Microsorum commutatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Microsorum commutatum is in the family Polypodiaceae. The genus and family contain no known toxic compounds to dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but family-level precedent and the absence of any reported toxicity support a pet-safe classification. |
| Compact Alpine Fir | Abies lasiocarpa 'Compacta' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Abies lasiocarpa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Resinous compounds (abietic acid) in fir needles can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by cats or dogs, and sharp needles pose a physical hazard. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; contact a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Compact Angraecum | Angraecum compactum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Angraecum compactum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family is broadly recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no known toxic principle reported for Angraecum. Keep fertilisers and any pesticides out of pets' reach. |
| Compact bog rosemary | Andromeda polifolia 'Compacta' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Andromeda polifolia 'Compacta' contain grayanotoxins, identical in toxicity to the species. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, weakness, low blood pressure, and cardiac effects. Keep away from pets and children despite the plant's appealing appearance. |
| compact dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Compacta' | houseplant | Toxic | Like all Dieffenbachia cultivars, 'Compacta' contains high concentrations of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and irritant proteases in all tissues. Ingestion causes immediate intense oral pain, swelling of the mouth and throat, drooling, and vomiting in dogs, cats, and humans. ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia as toxic to dogs and cats. Wear gloves when handling; keep away from pets and children. |
| Compact Gem Bosnian Pine | Pinus heldreichii 'Compact Gem' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinus species are broadly considered low-risk for dogs and cats, with Pinus ponderosa listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Pinus heldreichii is not individually confirmed on the ASPCA non-toxic list. Pine needles may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) if consumed in large amounts; classified as mildly-toxic out of caution. |
| Compact Japanese Umbrella Pine | Sciadopitys verticillata 'Ossorio's Diamond' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sciadopitys verticillata is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA or other major veterinary poison-control authorities; it is generally considered non-toxic. |
| Compact Oregano | Origanum compactum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Origanum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Small amounts of culinary oregano ingested by pets are not considered harmful. |
| Compact Plume Japanese Cedar | Cryptomeria japonica 'Elegans Compacta' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cryptomeria japonica is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs based on available horticultural sources; it does not appear on the ASPCA Toxic Plant lists. As with any plant material, ingestion of large quantities of needles may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Compact Thyme | Thymus vulgaris 'Compactus' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus vulgaris is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. All Thymus culinary thymes share this profile; no toxic principles have been identified in the genus. |
| Compact White Fir | Abies concolor 'Compacta' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Abies concolor is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and the fir genus is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, ingestion of resinous needles may cause minor gastrointestinal irritation, and sharp needles can cause physical harm. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Compact Japanese Holly | Ilex crenata 'Compacta' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Holly (Ilex species) as toxic to cats and dogs, with saponins as the toxic principle. Ingestion of leaves or berries causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression; the small black berries and firm leaves should be kept away from pets. |
| Dwarf Sage | Salvia officinalis 'Compacta' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Garden sage is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and common culinary herbs such as sage are widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs in normal exposure. Very large quantities of any aromatic herb can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage heavy grazing. |
| Sickle Comparettia | Comparettia falcata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Comparettia falcata is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While ASPCA-listed orchids such as Phalaenopsis are non-toxic to cats and dogs, this genus is not confirmed on the ASPCA list, so treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Compass plant | Silphium laciniatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Silphium laciniatum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; Silphium species produce a resinous sap (rosin) but are not known to be toxic to pets. |
| Compassion | Rosa 'Compassion' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). No toxic principle is present; the practical hazard is thorn injury, not poisoning. |
| Compressed peperomia | Peperomia coarctata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. caperata, and P. argyreia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic members of the genus on record. Peperomia coarctata is considered pet-safe on this genus-wide basis. As with any plant material, ingesting large quantities can cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset; consult your vet if your pet eats any. |
| Compton's Gibbaeum | Gibbaeum comptonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gibbaeum is in the family Aizoaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, related Aizoaceae mesembs (Lithops, Faucaria) are on the ASPCA non-toxic list and no toxic principles have been documented in the veterinary literature for Gibbaeum. |
| Concord grape | Vitis labrusca 'Concord' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis) are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs; grapes and raisins can cause acute kidney failure in dogs, with vomiting, lethargy, and reduced urination as warning signs, and the toxic dose is unpredictable. Keep fruit, vines, and dropped grapes away from dogs; even small amounts can be dangerous. |
| Concorde pear | Pyrus communis 'Concorde' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe Concorde pear flesh is non-toxic to dogs and cats in small amounts. Seeds contain amygdalin and must not be fed to pets. The ASPCA does not list Pyrus communis as toxic but notes the cyanogenic risk from seeds. Always remove seeds and core before sharing pear with a pet. |
| Concrete Leaf | Titanopsis calcarea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Titanopsis calcarea is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and no other Titanopsis species is listed (the ASPCA "Living Stones" entry is the different genus Lithops). No specific toxic principle is reported for the Aizoaceae family, so the risk is considered low, but because the genus is not confirmed safe by ASPCA we treat it conservatively as mildly toxic - keep out of reach and verify with your vet before allowing pet access. |
| Confederate rose | Hibiscus mutabilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hibiscus mutabilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a Hibiscus species it may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) in dogs and cats if ingested. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic, consistent with the broader genus characterisation. Seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes plant material. |
| Conference pear | Pyrus communis 'Conference' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe pear flesh is non-toxic to dogs and cats and is safe as an occasional treat. However, pear seeds contain amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside that can release small amounts of cyanide when chewed. Seeds and leaves should not be fed to pets. The ASPCA does not list Pyrus communis as toxic, but notes that seeds of Rosaceae fruit trees carry a cyanogenic risk if consumed in quantity. |
| Conference pear | Pyrus communis 'Conference' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pear (Pyrus communis) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like apple (a close relative in the same family), pear seeds and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) that can release cyanide in quantity, though the ripe fruit flesh is generally regarded as safe. Avoid letting pets chew leaves, twigs, or seeds. |
| confetti polka dot plant | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Confetti' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hypoestes phyllostachya is classified non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. The 'Confetti' series carries the same safety profile. |
| Confused Huernia | Huernia confusa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Huernia confusa (Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for the Huernia genus, and multiple species are described by reputable succulent sources as having no toxic effects on pets or humans. |
| Congo cockatoo | Impatiens niamniamensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the genus Impatiens as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Impatiens niamniamensis is not individually listed but belongs to a genus with no reported toxic principles. Ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to plant material. |
| Congo Cycad | Encephalartos laurentianus | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species (family Zamiaceae, cycads) contain cycasin and other toxic glycosides. Ingestion of seeds, leaves, or caudex tissue causes severe gastrointestinal distress, liver failure, and neurological damage in dogs, cats, and humans. Seeds are the most toxic part. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. ASPCA lists cycads as severely toxic to pets. |
| Jean's Dilly Spruce | Picea glauca 'Jean's Dilly' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea (spruce) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so pet-safe status is not ASPCA-confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sharp needles and sap can cause oral irritation, drooling and mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting) if chewed or ingested. |
| Living pebbles | Conophytum bilobum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database; the ASPCA "Living Stones" entry covers a different genus (Lithops naureeniae, also Aizoaceae). Because no Conophytum species is ASPCA-listed, treat it cautiously - ingestion of any plant can cause mild vomiting or GI upset - and verify pet safety with your vet. |
| pebble conophytum | Conophytum calculus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity is not formally established. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety; keep out of reach of plant-chewing pets. |
| fig-shaped conophytum | Conophytum ficiforme | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is not formally established. Mesembs are generally regarded as non-toxic by hobbyist sources, but that lacks ASPCA grounding; treat with caution, keep away from pets that chew plants, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| minute cone plant | Conophytum minutum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity is not formally established. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety; keep out of reach of pets that chew plants. |
| heart cone plant | Conophytum obcordellum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is unconfirmed (despite the related Lithops being listed non-toxic). Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingested. Do not assume pet-safe without confirmation. |
| pebble plant | Conophytum pageae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so toxicity is not formally established. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe; keep away from pets prone to chewing plants. |
| translucent cone plant | Conophytum pellucidum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so toxicity is not formally established. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe; keep away from pets that chew plants. |
| grape conophytum | Conophytum uviforme | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Although the related Aizoaceae genus Lithops is ASPCA non-toxic, an unlisted genus cannot be asserted as pet-safe, so we flag it as uncertain. |
| Wettstein's conophytum | Conophytum wettsteinii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Conophytum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a definitive pet-safety status cannot be confirmed. Mesembs are commonly called non-toxic by hobbyist sources, but without ASPCA grounding this cannot be asserted; treat with caution, keep out of reach of pets that nibble plants, and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Road Kill Cactus | Consolea moniliformis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Consolea moniliformis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other opuntioids it bears fine, barbed glochids in addition to spines; these readily lodge in skin, eyes and mouths of pets and are a real mechanical hazard. Keep well away from animals. |
| Constance Spry | Rosa 'Constance Spry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). The plant contains no toxic principle; only the thorns pose a mechanical risk to pets. |
| Constricted Masdevallia | Masdevallia constricta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Masdevallia is listed in the ASPCA Poison Control database as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus contains no known toxic alkaloids or irritant compounds. Minor gastrointestinal upset from ingestion of fibrous plant material is possible but not expected to require veterinary intervention. |
| Contrayerba | Dorstenia contrajerva | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dorstenia (family Moraceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus produces latex-containing sap typical of Moraceae; skin and mucous-membrane irritation is possible. Treat as mildly toxic out of caution and keep away from pets and children who may chew the foliage. |
| Cook pine | Araucaria columnaris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies Araucaria (family Araucariaceae, listed as 'Australian Pine', Araucaria heterophylla) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and the Cook pine is the same genus. It is regarded as pet-safe, though the stiff foliage may cause minor mechanical irritation and any plant matter eaten in bulk can upset the stomach. |
| Florida Arrowroot | Zamia integrifolia | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed under Coontie Palm/Cycads as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles include cycasin, BMAA (B-methylamino-L-alanine) and an unidentified neurotoxin, causing vomiting, bloody diarrhea, jaundice, liver failure and death; seeds contain the highest cycasin levels and 1-2 can be fatal. Keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| Cooper's Haworthia | Haworthia cooperi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Haworthia (as "Haworthia species," family Liliaceae) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, and its separate Zebra Haworthia entry is likewise non-toxic. Haworthia cooperi is not individually named, but it is covered at the genus level (all ASPCA-listed Haworthia are non-toxic, none toxic). As with any plant, large quantities may cause mild, passing stomach upset, so verify with your vet if your pet has nibbled. |
| Window haworthia | Haworthia cooperi var. pilifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Haworthia genus is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). No toxic principle of concern; mild stomach upset is still possible if a pet chews large amounts of any houseplant. |
| Copal Bursera | Bursera fagaroides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bursera fagaroides is not individually listed by ASPCA. The plant produces aromatic resins (terpenes) typical of the Burseraceae family, and the resinous sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. No severe toxicity to pets is established, but as with any resinous plant, ingestion of sap or bark by pets should be treated with caution. Consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Gray Copiapoa | Copiapoa cinerea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Copiapoa carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Dwarf Copiapoa | Copiapoa humilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Copiapoa carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Underground Copiapoa | Copiapoa hypogaea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Copiapoa carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Krainz's Copiapoa | Copiapoa krainziana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Copiapoa carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Copper Angel Masdevallia | Masdevallia Copper Angel | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As a registered hybrid between M. triangularis and M. veitchiana (both Masdevallia species), no toxic principles are expected. |
| Copper Iris | Iris fulva | flowering | Mildly toxic | Iris species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. The rhizomes and roots contain irisin, iridin, and other terpenoids; leaves and flowers contain lower concentrations. Ingestion causes gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea). Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Copper Leaf Plant | Chrysothemis pulchella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chrysothemis pulchella belongs to the family Gesneriaceae. Gesneriads as a family have no known toxic principles, and ASPCA lists several close relatives (Streptocarpus, Episcia, Aeschynanthus) as non-toxic. Chrysothemis is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no reported toxic compounds to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Copper rain lily | Habranthus tubispathus | flowering | Toxic | Habranthus tubispathus belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains lycorine and related phenanthridine alkaloids, with the bulb being the most toxic part. These alkaloids cause vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, and in larger doses hypotension, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias in cats and dogs. The ASPCA confirms Amaryllidaceae alkaloids as toxic; seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Coppertone stonecrop | Sedum nussbaumerianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum nussbaumerianum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. However, the Sedum genus is clean on the ASPCA list: Sedum morganianum (Burro's Tail, family Crassulaceae) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and no Sedum species appears as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe, but because this species is not named individually, verify with your vet before allowing pet access. |
| Cora XDR vinca | Catharanthus roseus 'Cora XDR' | flowering | Toxic | Catharanthus roseus is listed as toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. The plant contains vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, catharanthine) which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, low blood pressure, tremors, seizures, and severe neurological effects. All parts are toxic; keep away from pets and children. |
| Coral Aloe | Aloe striata | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic, with saponins and anthraquinones (aloin) as the toxic principles; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, diarrhoea and reddish-coloured urine. As a true Aloe species, coral aloe falls squarely under this ASPCA caution. Contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if a pet eats it. |
| Coral Bark Maple | Acer palmatum 'Sango-kaku' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list Acer palmatum as toxic to cats or dogs; the genus member on the ASPCA toxic list is red maple (Acer rubrum), whose wilted leaves cause hemolytic anemia in horses specifically, not this ornamental maple. Treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs, though eating large quantities of leaves may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Coral bells | Heuchera sanguinea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heuchera species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No known toxic principles in this genus. |
| Coral bells | Heuchera 'Caramel' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; coral bells and alumroot (Heuchera) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Eating large amounts of any plant may still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Coral bells | Heuchera 'Obsidian' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; coral bells and alumroot (Heuchera) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. As with any plant, ingesting large amounts of foliage can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Coral bells | Heuchera micrantha 'Palace Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; coral bells and alumroot (Heuchera) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. As with any plant, eating large amounts of foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Coral Berry Bromeliad | Aechmea fulgens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea fulgens is a bromeliad (family Bromeliaceae). The ASPCA lists bromeliads as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been identified in the Aechmea genus. The coral berries are not edible for humans but are not considered toxic to pets. |
| Coral cactus | Euphorbia lactea 'Cristata' | houseplant | Toxic | Euphorbia lactea is not individually named on the ASPCA toxic plant list, but the genus is clearly not safe: the ASPCA lists multiple Euphorbia species (Pencil Cactus/E. tirucalli, Crown of Thorns/E. milii and Poinsettia/E. pulcherrima) as toxic to cats and dogs and lists no Euphorbia as non-toxic. Like all Euphorbia it bleeds a milky latex sap that irritates skin, eyes, mouth and gut, so it is treated as toxic to pets and people; keep it away from cats, dogs and children, wear gloves when handling, and consult a vet if your pet ingests it. |
| Cluster Cattleya | Cattleya bowringiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Cattleya orchids as non-toxic; chewing may produce only mild mechanical stomach upset, with no toxic compound in the plant. |
| Coral Lily | Lilium pumilum | flowering | Toxic | All true Lilium species are severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed). Lilium pumilum is no exception — all parts, including the tiny pollen grains, can cause acute kidney failure in cats. The small plant size can make it seem low-risk, but even minimal ingestion is dangerous. Keep cats strictly away from this and all Lilium species. |
| Coral Plant | Jatropha multifida | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Jatropha multifida are toxic to pets and humans. The genus contains curcin (a ricin-like toxalbumin), purgative diterpenoid esters, and irritant latex. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center has documented cases of Jatropha multifida toxicosis in dogs, with clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated hepatic enzyme levels — particularly when seeds were masticated. Skin contact with the latex causes dermatitis. Keep strictly away from dogs, cats, and children. |
| ti plant | Cordyline fruticosa | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Cordyline fruticosa as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Symptoms include vomiting (sometimes bloody), depression, and loss of appetite. |
| cabbage tree | Cordyline australis | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Cordyline (ti plant) as toxic to cats and dogs, owing to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep grazing pets away from the foliage. |
| Threadleaf coreopsis | Coreopsis verticillata 'Moonbeam' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Coreopsis spp. (Tickseed, family Compositae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, covering this cultivar at the genus level. Eating large amounts may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Zagreb tickseed | Coreopsis verticillata 'Zagreb' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Coreopsis (tickseed) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Ingesting large amounts of any plant may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Early Sunrise tickseed | Coreopsis grandiflora 'Early Sunrise' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Coreopsis (tickseed) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Eating large quantities of any plant may still cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset. |
| Coris-leaved St John's wort | Hypericum coris | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hypericum (St John's wort) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the toxic principle is hypericin, which causes photosensitisation — ulcerative and exudative dermatitis when exposed to sunlight after ingestion. Seek veterinary advice immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Cork Palm | Microcycas calocoma | tropical | Toxic | Microcycas calocoma, as a member of the family Zamiaceae, contains cycasin and related hepatotoxic and neurotoxic compounds throughout all tissues, with highest concentration in seeds. It is severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. The ASPCA classifies cycads broadly as toxic. Not individually listed by ASPCA (due to extreme rarity in cultivation), but the cycad family toxicity profile applies in full. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after any ingestion. |
| Cork-Stemmed Passionflower | Passiflora suberosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Passiflora is classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. The genus has no confirmed toxic principle for companion animals, though ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals. |
| corkscrew plant | Genlisea violacea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Genlisea (corkscrew plants) is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its safety is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. There are no established reports either way. Keep this uncommon plant out of reach of pets as a precaution. |
| corkscrew rush | Juncus effusus 'Spiralis' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus effusus (the species) contains no known toxic compounds hazardous to cats or dogs, and Juncus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. The cultivar 'Spiralis' shares the same toxicological profile. As with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild vomiting or GI upset. Not individually confirmed as non-toxic by ASPCA, but no toxic principle has been identified. |
| sweet corn | Zea mays | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zea mays is not listed by the ASPCA. Cobs can cause choking hazards if swallowed whole by dogs. |
| Corn Marigold | Glebionis segetum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Chrysanthemum species (which includes the synonymous Chrysanthemum segetum) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles include sesquiterpene lactones, pyrethrins, and other irritant compounds. Clinical signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, incoordination, and dermatitis. Contact with the foliage can also cause allergic skin reactions. |
| Corn Mint | Mentha arvensis | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mentha species (mint, garden mint) as mildly toxic to cats and dogs, with gastrointestinal irritation — vomiting and diarrhoea — cited as the clinical signs. The essential oils, particularly menthol, are the irritating principle. Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) within the same genus is severely toxic and must not be confused with field mint. |
| mass cane | Dracaena fragrans | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena fragrans as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Cats can experience dilated pupils, vomiting, and depression. |
| Corn plant | Dracaena fragrans | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the corn plant (Dracaena fragrans) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is saponins, with ingestion causing vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and, in cats, dilated pupils. Keep it out of reach of pets and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Corn Salad | Valerianella locusta | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Valerianella locusta (corn salad/mâche) is a salad vegetable with no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. The genus Valerianella is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The related genus Valeriana is distinct; corn salad itself is safe and edible for pets in small amounts. |
| Corn-Leaf Pitcairnia | Pitcairnia maidifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pitcairnia belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which is broadly considered non-toxic to pets. The genus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are reported for Pitcairnia maidifolia in the horticultural or toxicological literature. Exercise standard caution. |
| Cornelia | Rosa 'Cornelia' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species, 'Rose', non-toxic, no toxic principle). Leaves, flowers and hips are non-poisonous; the only risk to pets is mechanical injury from thorns and prickles. |
| Elegant cornelian cherry | Cornus mas 'Elegant' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cornus mas 'Elegant' is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the ASPCA lists flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) as non-toxic, but this species is not on its plant list. The ripe fruit is edible to humans, yet pet status is unconfirmed and the seeds may cause GI upset or obstruction. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Jolico cornelian cherry | Cornus mas 'Jolico' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cornus mas is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is human-edible, but ASPCA pet-safety is not established for this species, so do not assume it is pet-safe and discourage pets from grazing the foliage or fallen fruit. |
| cornelian cherry | Cornus mas | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — no Cornus species appears on the ASPCA toxic list. The ripe fruit is edible to people and pets in moderation; as with any fruit, large quantities of berries or hard seeds may cause mild GI upset, so limit access. |
| Cornflower | Centaurea cyanus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Centaurea cyanus (cornflower / bachelor's buttons) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no toxic principles are documented. |
| Cornish heath | Erica vagans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica vagans is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in the Erica genus for dogs, cats, or horses. Cornish heath is widely used in coastal and wildlife gardens without reports of pet toxicity. |
| Cornish Heath | Erica vagans 'Mrs D.F. Maxwell' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica species are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs and are generally considered non-toxic; no significant toxic principle has been identified in this genus. |
| Miss Satomi Kousa Dogwood | Cornus kousa 'Miss Satomi' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists flowering dogwood (Cornus) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and no Cornus species is flagged as toxic. This Kousa dogwood cultivar is therefore considered pet-safe; the fruit is edible to people, though pets eating large quantities of berries may get mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Corrugated Sage | Salvia corrugata | flowering | Mildly toxic | The Salvia genus is generally listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA (common sage, Salvia officinalis, is listed Non-Toxic to Dogs, Cats, and Horses). However, ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs, so classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution for this less-documented ornamental species. |
| Crimson Cattleya | Cattleya labiata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Cattleya orchids as non-toxic (Winter Cattleya and Cocktail Orchid are individually listed); ingestion may cause only mild mechanical GI upset, with no toxic principle present. |
| Corsican Heath | Erica terminalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erica terminalis is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic or confirmed non-toxic. The RHS notes the plant may be harmful if eaten. As explicit ASPCA non-toxic confirmation is absent, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if pets ingest the plant. |
| Corsican Heron's Bill | Erodium corsicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium corsicum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The closely related Erodium cicutarium is widely regarded as non-toxic to pets, but because specific ASPCA confirmation for ornamental Erodium species is absent, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is used. No known severe toxic principles; keep away from pets as a precaution. |
| Creeping Mint | Mentha requienii | herb | Toxic | Mentha requienii is covered by the ASPCA's Mint (Mentha sp., Lamiaceae) listing — toxic to dogs, cats and horses from essential oils, with vomiting and diarrhea on larger ingestions. As a walkable groundcover, keep pets from grazing planted areas. |
| Elephant Tooth Cactus | Coryphantha elephantidens | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Coryphantha elephantidens is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The main hazard is mechanical: the stout, hooked spines can cause painful puncture wounds to pets. Keep out of reach. |
| Nipple Beehive Cactus | Coryphantha macromeris | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coryphantha is a member of the family Cactaceae, which the ASPCA does not list as toxic to cats and dogs, and this species is not known to be poisonous. The sharp spines tipping each long tubercle are the genuine hazard to pets rather than any toxin. |
| Spinystar Cactus | Coryphantha vivipara | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coryphantha belongs to the family Cactaceae, which is absent from the ASPCA list of plants toxic to cats and dogs; it is not considered poisonous. The dense, sharp radiating spines are the real hazard to pets and people, so handle and site it carefully. |
| cos lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. longifolia 'Cos' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs and is not on the ASPCA list of toxic plants. It is high in fibre and water, so large quantities can cause mild digestive upset; offer only as an occasional treat in small amounts. |
| Cosmic Purple carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Cosmic Purple' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and carrot root is widely regarded by veterinarians as a safe treat for dogs and cats. Feed in moderation; the leafy tops contain psoralens that may occasionally cause mild skin irritation when handled. |
| garden cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos species are not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Garden cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset, but it poses no recognised poisoning risk. |
| Picotee Cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Picotee' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Ingestion may cause only mild, temporary GI upset; the plant is not poisonous. |
| Sensation White Cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Ingestion may cause minor stomach upset at most; the plant is not poisonous. |
| Bright Lights Sulphur Cosmos | Cosmos sulphureus 'Bright Lights' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (the genus, including C. bipinnatus, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list); ingestion may cause minor stomach upset at most and the plant is not poisonous. |
| Klondike Sulphur Cosmos | Cosmos sulphureus 'Klondike' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA reports nothing toxic for the Cosmos genus; Cosmos bipinnatus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and Cosmos sulphureus is regarded as non-toxic by the same standard. Large quantities of any plant material can still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Cosson's germander | Teucrium cossonii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Teucrium cossonii is not recorded on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Teucrium genus contains neo-clerodane diterpenoids, a compound class linked to hepatotoxic effects; while documentation for this specific species is limited, it should be treated as mildly toxic to cats and dogs. Gastrointestinal upset may result from ingestion. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary guidance if consumption occurs. |
| Costa Rica Bamboo Palm | Chamaedorea costaricana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Chamaedorea species (under common names including Bamboo Palm and Parlor Palm) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are identified. |
| Costa Rican Goldfish Vine | Columnea consanguinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Gold-Fish Plant (Columnea / Hypocyrta) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. C. consanguinea belongs to the same genus in the Gesneriaceae family. No toxic principles are reported for Columnea species. |
| Costa Rican Stanhopea | Stanhopea costaricensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stanhopea is a member of Orchidaceae, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Although Stanhopea produces complex terpenoid fragrance compounds (used by male euglossine bees), no systemic toxicity to mammals has been reported. |
| Costmary | Tanacetum balsamita | herb | Mildly toxic | Tanacetum balsamita is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Tanacetum genus contains thujone (its relative common tansy, T. vulgare, is recognised as toxic to cats and dogs). Treat costmary as potentially harmful, keep it away from pets, and verify with a vet before any exposure. |
| red button ginger | Costus woodsonii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus woodsonii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep away from cats and dogs and verify with a vet if any plant material is eaten. |
| Golden Spirit smoke bush | Cotinus coggygria 'Ancot' (Golden Spirit) | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cotinus coggygria is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists. As a member of the Anacardiaceae (cashew/sumac family), its sap may irritate skin and ingestion of leaves or bark can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution around pets and consult a vet if a quantity is eaten. |
| Grace smoke bush | Cotinus coggygria 'Grace' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cotinus coggygria is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists. It belongs to the Anacardiaceae (cashew/sumac family), whose sap can cause skin irritation in sensitive people and mild gastrointestinal upset if leaves or bark are eaten. Treat with caution around pets and verify with a vet if a quantity is ingested. |
| American smoke tree | Cotinus obovatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cotinus obovatus is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists. It is in the Anacardiaceae (cashew/sumac family); the sap can irritate skin and eating leaves or bark may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution around pets and verify with a vet if a quantity is ingested. |
| Rockspray Cotoneaster | Cotoneaster horizontalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA recognises Cotoneaster as a toxic plant; the leaves, flowers and berries contain cyanogenic glycosides. Serious cyanide poisoning is uncommon in dogs and cats because a large amount must be eaten, but ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and GI upset. Keep berries away from pets and contact a vet if a significant quantity is eaten. |
| Littleleaf Cotoneaster | Cotoneaster microphyllus | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA recognises Cotoneaster as a toxic plant; the leaves, flowers and berries contain cyanogenic glycosides. Significant cyanide poisoning is rare in dogs and cats since a large quantity must be eaten, but ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and GI upset. Keep berries out of pets' reach and consult a vet after a sizeable ingestion. |
| Smithii fern | Nephrolepis exaltata 'Cotton Candy' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) cultivar, it sits on the ASPCA non-toxic list and contains no toxic principle such as calcium oxalates. Eating large amounts may cause mild, passing stomach upset from fibre rather than poisoning. |
| Cotton Lavender | Santolina chamaecyparissus | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina chamaecyparissus does not appear on the ASPCA formal Toxic Plant list, but it is not confirmed non-toxic either. Its essential oil contains camphor and linalool — compounds known to be irritating or toxic to cats and dogs in concentrated form. Garden-plant ingestion is unlikely to cause serious harm, but gastrointestinal upset is possible. Classified as mildly-toxic; consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Cottontop Cactus | Echinocactus polycephalus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Echinocactus polycephalus is not individually listed by ASPCA. No significant plant toxins are documented in the genus. However, the extremely dense and sharp spines (among the longest in the genus) cause serious puncture wounds. Ingestion of the fibrous tissue may cause gastrointestinal irritation. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| dwarf cotyledon | Cotyledon eliseae | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon is toxic to cats and dogs. Plants in this genus contain bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides); documented Cotyledon poisoning causes vomiting, diarrhoea and potentially serious cardiac and neurological effects. Although Cotyledon eliseae is not individually itemised, the genus-wide cardiac glycoside content makes it unsafe for pets. Keep away from animals and contact a vet if ingested. |
| pig's ear | Cotyledon orbiculata | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and livestock. All parts of Cotyledon orbiculata contain cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides such as orbicusides and cotyledontoxin); documented canine poisoning includes severe bradycardia and cardiac arrhythmia, and the plant causes the fatal livestock syndrome 'krimpsiekte'. Though not individually itemised by the ASPCA, its toxicity is well established. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary care immediately if eaten. |
| finger cotyledon | Cotyledon papillaris | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Cotyledon contains cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides such as cotyledontoxin); ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness and serious heart arrhythmias. Although not individually itemised on the ASPCA list, Cotyledon's bufadienolide toxicity is well documented — keep it out of pets' reach and contact a vet immediately if it is eaten. |
| bear paw cotyledon | Cotyledon tomentosa subsp. ladismithensis 'Bear Paw' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Cotyledon contains cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides, including cotyledontoxin); ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, weakness and, in serious cases, life-threatening heart arrhythmias. While not individually itemised on the ASPCA list, Cotyledon's bufadienolide toxicity is well documented — keep it out of reach of pets and contact a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| courgette | Cucurbita pepo 'Defender' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zucchini/courgette squash (Cucurbita pepo) is directly listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Eating plant material can still cause mild GI upset, and rare bitter, cucurbitacin-high fruit should be discarded; otherwise the flesh is safe in moderation. Note whole raw fruits are a choking or obstruction hazard for dogs. |
| Cow Parsley | Anthriscus sylvestris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Anthriscus sylvestris is not listed individually in the ASPCA database but contains furocoumarins (photoactive compounds) that can cause phototoxic skin reactions on contact in sunlight in both humans and animals. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset, drooling, and general malaise in cats and dogs. Caution is warranted: the plant closely resembles deadly hemlock (Conium maculatum) and poison hemlock; always confirm identification before allowing pet access. |
| Cowberry | Vaccinium vitis-idaea | edible | Mildly toxic | Vaccinium vitis-idaea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic database. The ripe berries are widely consumed by humans and are generally regarded as safe. However, the leaves and unripe berries contain arbutin (which metabolises to hydroquinone) and saponins, which carry nephrotoxic and gastrointestinal risks. On a precautionary basis the plant is classified as mildly toxic to cats and dogs; do not allow pets to graze foliage or unripe fruit, and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Cowpea | Vigna unguiculata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vigna unguiculata seeds and pods are a traditional food crop for humans and are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. The genus Vigna has no known toxic principle; cooked cowpeas are safe for pets in small amounts, though raw beans in large quantities may cause digestive upset. |
| Cowslip | Primula veris | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Primrose (Primula spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is not yet fully identified; ingestion causes mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal upset including vomiting, drooling, and diarrhea. The fine glandular hairs on leaves can also cause contact dermatitis. |
| Evereste crabapple | Malus 'Evereste' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Apple/crabapple (Malus) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, most dangerous in wilting material; signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting and shock. The fleshy ripe fruit is the least concerning part, but seeds and prunings should be kept from pets. |
| Hanagasa Crabapple Bonsai | Malus 'Hanagasa' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves, and seeds, especially when wilting, with signs including brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting, and shock. Keep prunings and dropped fruit away from pets. |
| John Downie crabapple | Malus 'John Downie' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Apple/crabapple (Malus) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, particularly in wilting tissue; signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, panting, breathing difficulty and shock. Keep seeds and prunings away from pets, though the ripe fruit flesh is the least hazardous part. |
| Hall's Crabapple | Malus halliana | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Malus (Apple/Crabapple) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides concentrated in the seeds, leaves and stems (not the ripe fruit flesh); wilted material is especially dangerous. Signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, laboured breathing and shock. Keep pets away from prunings and fallen fruit. |
| Cramer's Amazon celosia | Celosia spicata 'Cramer's Amazon' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Celosia species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No documented toxic principles are known for Celosia spicata. The plant is consumed as a leafy vegetable in parts of Africa. Nonetheless, as with any plant, prevent pets from ingesting large quantities. |
| Stevens cranberry | Vaccinium macrocarpon 'Stevens' | edible | Mildly toxic | Vaccinium macrocarpon and its cultivars are not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so the pet status is unconfirmed; cranberry fruit is an established human food with no systemic toxin, but ingesting plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than labelling it pet-safe. |
| Crane's Bill Stork's Bill | Erodium gruinum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium gruinum is not documented as toxic by the ASPCA, and no toxic principles have been identified for the Erodium genus. Mildly-toxic is the cautious classification in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic entry; ingestion of plant material may cause mild stomach upset in cats or dogs. |
| Crape Jasmine | Tabernaemontana coronaria | tropical | Toxic | Tabernaemontana coronaria contains ibogamine-class alkaloids and a milky toxic latex throughout all plant parts, consistent with the Apocynaceae family. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus is established as toxic — the alkaloid profile causes gastrointestinal distress and central nervous system effects if ingested. Treat as toxic to pets and children; latex can irritate skin and eyes. |
| Alston's crassula | Crassula alstonii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Crassula (jade plant and Crassula species) as toxic to cats and dogs, with signs including vomiting, depression and incoordination. Crassula alstonii is not listed individually, but as a member of this genus it is treated as toxic. Keep it away from pets and call a vet or the ASPCA Poison Control line at (888) 426-4435 if you suspect ingestion. |
| red pagoda | Crassula capitella | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade plant) as toxic to cats and dogs, and this genus member is treated the same; ingestion can cause vomiting, depression and incoordination. Keep red pagoda away from pets and call a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if chewing occurs. |
| column crassula | Crassula columnaris | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Crassula (jade plant and Crassula species) as toxic to cats and dogs, causing vomiting, depression and incoordination. Crassula columnaris is not individually listed, but as a member of the genus it is treated as toxic. Keep it away from pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Poison Control line at (888) 426-4435 if ingestion is suspected. |
| column plant crassula | Crassula columnella | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade plant) as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause vomiting, depression, incoordination and lethargy. Although the exact toxic principle is undetermined, all Crassula should be treated as toxic and kept out of reach of pets. |
| propeller plant | Crassula falcata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade) as toxic to cats and dogs, citing vomiting, depression and incoordination; the toxic principle is listed as unknown (bufadienolide-type cardiac glycosides are suspected). Keep out of reach of pets. |
| half sphere crassula | Crassula hemisphaerica | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Crassula is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs (e.g. jade plant, Crassula species); ingestion can cause vomiting, depression, lethargy, and incoordination. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Hummel's sunset jade | Crassula ovata 'Hummel's Sunset' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the jade plant (Crassula) as toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion can cause vomiting, depression and incoordination. Keep this cultivar away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if chewing is suspected. |
| jade necklace | Crassula marnieriana | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade plant, Crassula species) as toxic to cats and dogs, with clinical signs of vomiting, depression and incoordination. Crassula marnieriana is not named individually, but the whole genus is treated as toxic, so we class it the same. Keep it out of reach of pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Poison Control line if ingestion is suspected. |
| naked stem crassula | Crassula nudicaulis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion commonly causes vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and incoordination. Keep this plant out of reach of pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center if it is eaten. |
| calico kitten | Crassula pellucida subsp. marginalis 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade plant) as toxic to cats and dogs, and this Crassula species is treated likewise; ingestion can cause vomiting, depression and incoordination. Keep Calico Kitten away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if it is eaten. |
| pyramid crassula | Crassula pyramidalis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade) as toxic to cats and dogs, with reported signs of vomiting, depression and incoordination; the toxic principle is listed as unknown. Treat this species as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| baby's necklace | Crassula rupestris | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade) as toxic to cats and dogs, citing vomiting, depression and incoordination; the toxic principle is listed as unknown. Keep this beaded succulent out of reach of curious pets. |
| hairy crassula | Crassula setulosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade plant) as toxic to cats and dogs, with signs including vomiting, depression and incoordination. The exact toxic principle is undetermined, but all Crassula species should be treated as toxic and kept away from pets. |
| social crassula | Crassula socialis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade plant, Crassula species) as toxic to cats and dogs, causing vomiting, depression and incoordination; the silver jade is listed for nausea and retching. Although Crassula socialis is not named individually, the genus is treated as toxic, so we class it the same. Keep it out of reach of pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Poison Control line if ingestion is suspected. |
| miniature pine tree | Crassula tetragona | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crassula (jade) as toxic to cats and dogs, with signs including vomiting, depression and incoordination; the toxic principle is listed as unknown. Despite its harmless pine-tree look, keep it away from pets. |
| ripple jade | Crassula ovata 'Undulata' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies the jade plant (Crassula) as toxic to cats and dogs; signs of ingestion include vomiting, depression and incoordination. Keep ripple jade out of pets' reach and consult a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if it is eaten. |
| Paul's Scarlet Hawthorn | Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses); English Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant lists. Note the sharp thorns can cause physical injury, and any large ingestion of plant material may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Broadleaf Cockspur Hawthorn | Crataegus persimilis 'Prunifolia' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses); hawthorn (Crataegus) species appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant lists. Be aware the sharp thorns can cause physical injury, and large ingestion of leaves or berries may cause only mild, self-limiting digestive upset. |
| Crazy-leaf begonia | Begonia phyllomaniaca | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the highest concentration in the roots and underground parts. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting in cats and dogs; in horses and other grazing animals, kidney failure is a risk. Symptoms in pets typically resolve within a few hours but veterinary advice should be sought promptly. |
| Cream wild indigo | Baptisia bracteata | flowering | Toxic | Like all Baptisia species, contains quinolizidine alkaloids including cytisine. Ingestion by pets or livestock causes vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, and gastrointestinal distress. The bitter taste typically deters grazing animals, but all plant parts should be considered toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Creeping Baby's Breath | Gypsophila repens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gypsophila repens is listed by ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal signs including vomiting and diarrhoea. The saponin content is the likely irritant. Not considered severely toxic. |
| Creeping begonia | Begonia repens | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia species (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates in the plant tissue — concentrated most highly in underground parts — cause oral irritation, salivation, and vomiting on ingestion. Keep away from pets and children. |
| creeping borage | Borago pygmaea | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA's database. Borago species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are hepatotoxic and can cause liver damage if eaten in quantity, so it is treated as mildly toxic with caution. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests it rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Creeping broad-leaf sedge | Carex siderosticha 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex siderosticha 'Variegata' is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database for dogs or cats. Sedges (Cyperaceae) are not known to contain toxic principles. This cultivar is frequently used in pet-accessible shade gardens and wildlife plantings without reported adverse effects on animals. |
| Creeping Charlie | Glechoma hederacea | herb | Mildly toxic | Glechoma hederacea is not individually listed by ASPCA for cats and dogs. It is documented as toxic to horses in large quantities, where volatile oils (including pulegone-related terpenoids) cause neurological and respiratory signs. For dogs and cats, ingestion of small amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling, diarrhea). Exercise caution with pets that chew plants; consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Creeping Coin Peperomia | Peperomia nummulariifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Peperomia genus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles identified; ingestion of foliage is unlikely to cause more than mild stomach upset. |
| Creeping Comfrey | Symphytum grandiflorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) characteristic of the Symphytum genus, which are hepatotoxic if consumed in significant quantities by people, dogs, cats, or horses. ASPCA does not specifically list Symphytum grandiflorum, but the PA content across all comfreys warrants caution. Avoid ingestion; wear gloves when handling large quantities as the bristly leaves may irritate skin. |
| Creeping Elatostema | Elatostema repens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Satin Pellionia (Pellionia pulchra, syn. Elatostema repens var. pulchra) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and Trailing Watermelon Begonia (Pellionia daveauana) as non-toxic to all three. The Urticaceae family contains no documented toxic principles for companion animals. |
| Creeping fig | Ficus pumila | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies fig (Ficus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with the milky sap containing the proteolytic enzyme ficin and the photosensitising compound ficusin (psoralen), causing gastrointestinal and dermal irritation. NC State Extension specifically lists Ficus pumila as a problem for cats, dogs, and horses, and the RHS flags it as a skin allergen. Keep it away from pets and wear gloves when pruning, as the sap can irritate skin. |
| Creeping Gaultheria | Gaultheria nummularioides | flowering | Toxic | Like all Gaultheria species, G. nummularioides contains gaultherinin which releases methyl salicylate on hydrolysis. Methyl salicylate is toxic to cats and dogs, with cats being especially sensitive due to slow salicylate metabolism. Symptoms include vomiting, gastric haemorrhage, hepatotoxicity, anaemia, and respiratory signs. Do not allow pets to graze on foliage or berries. |
| Creeping Globe Daisy | Globularia repens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Globularia repens is not individually listed by ASPCA. Globularia species belong to Plantaginaceae and have no documented toxic principles in veterinary literature, suggesting very low toxicity risk for pets. |
| Creeping globularia | Globularia repens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Globularia repens is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Insufficient published data exists to confirm safety for pets. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if a cat or dog ingests any part of this plant. |
| Creeping Juniper | Juniperus horizontalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus species contain volatile oils (thujone-related compounds) and resins that can cause gastrointestinal upset, drooling, and vomiting if ingested by cats or dogs. ASPCA does not individually list Juniperus horizontalis but classifies junipers as mildly toxic to dogs and cats due to these compounds. Keep pets from grazing on foliage or berries. |
| Golden Lemon Thyme | Thymus citriodorus 'Aureus' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Culinary thyme is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs in normal amounts. As with any aromatic herb, large quantities of concentrated essential oil can cause mild upset, so prevent heavy grazing or oil exposure. |
| Creeping Little Bluestem | Schizachyrium stoloniferum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Schizachyrium stoloniferum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the grass family (Poaceae) which has no reported toxic principles to dogs or cats. No toxicity has been documented for this species in veterinary literature. |
| Creeping Mazus | Mazus reptans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Mazus reptans is not individually listed by ASPCA in their toxic or non-toxic plant database. No documented toxic principles are known for this genus. However, as the species is not ASPCA-cleared, caution is appropriate: keep monitoring pets that chew plants and consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Creeping New Zealand Cranesbill | Geranium sessiliflorum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance; the genus Geranium is distinct from toxic Pelargonium. |
| Creeping Phlox | Phlox subulata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox subulata is not specifically listed by ASPCA as toxic, but Phlox species generally may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. The plant is not considered severely toxic, but ingestion should be discouraged as a precaution. Skin contact with the sap may cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Creeping Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis 'Prostratus' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosmarinus officinalis (all cultivars including 'Prostratus') is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Fresh and dried herb is safe in small amounts. Rosemary essential oil is concentrated and should not be used on or around pets. |
| Creeping sage | Salvia stolonifera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; minor gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are consumed but no serious toxic effects are expected. |
| Creeping Savory | Satureja spicigera | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Satureja spicigera is a culinary savory. The ASPCA does not individually list Satureja spicigera, but savory herbs (Satureja genus) are culinary species with no known toxic principles reported for dogs or cats. Exercise standard caution with large quantities, as with any herb. |
| Creeping snowberry | Gaultheria nummularioides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaultheria nummularioides is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The berries have been consumed by local people in parts of the Himalayas but large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets or sensitive individuals due to the methyl salicylate content shared across the Gaultheria genus. Exercise caution with pets and children. Consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Creeping Speedwell | Veronica repens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica repens is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The Veronica genus has no reported toxic principle to dogs, cats, or horses; it is generally considered non-toxic. |
| Creeping Thyme | Thymus praecox | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Thymus praecox is a wild thyme species in the same genus and shares this safety profile. No toxic principles are known. |
| Wild Thyme | Thymus serpyllum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Thyme, Thymus, family Lamiaceae). It is a safe choice for a pet-friendly groundcover or lawn substitute; only concentrated thyme essential oil, not the whole plant, poses a risk to animals. |
| Creeping willow | Salix repens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salix species contain salicin (a salicylate glycoside), which can cause gastrointestinal irritation if eaten in quantity; the ASPCA lists the related Salix purpurea as non-toxic, but the salicylate content across the genus warrants caution. If in doubt, keep pets away from willow foliage and catkins. |
| Creeping Winter Savory | Satureja montana subsp. illyrica | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Satureja as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Creeping Woodland Phlox | Phlox stolonifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox stolonifera is not specifically listed by ASPCA, but as a Phlox species it may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by dogs or cats. Not considered severely toxic, but consumption by pets should be discouraged. Sap may irritate sensitive skin. |
| Crepe Ginger | Costus speciosus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus speciosus contains steroidal saponins including diosgenin and dioscin, primarily concentrated in the rhizomes and seeds. The ASPCA does not have a specific database entry for Costus; however, the saponin content means ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic and keep pets away from rhizomes in particular. |
| Crescent-Leaved Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum lunulatum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Adiantum lunulatum has no documented toxic compounds and is considered safe for households with pets. |
| Crested Alloplectus | Alloplectus cristatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Alloplectus cristatus belongs to Gesneriaceae. The gesneriad family has no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. Alloplectus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been reported for the genus, and the family is broadly recognised as non-toxic to pets. |
| Crested Bracken | Pteridium aquilinum 'Cristatum' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) as toxic. The toxic principles are ptaquiloside (a norsesquiterpene glycoside, carcinogenic and causes bone-marrow aplasia) and thiaminase (destroys vitamin B1). Primarily documented in horses, cattle, and sheep; dogs can also be affected (neurological signs, bone-marrow suppression). Keep away from all pets and livestock. |
| Crested Buckler Fern | Dryopteris cristata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris cristata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ingestion may produce mild gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs; seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes any part of the plant. |
| Crested Catasetum | Catasetum cristatum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catasetum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family has no established toxic principles in veterinary literature. No specific toxicity reports exist for Catasetum cristatum in cats or dogs. As a precaution, prevent pets from chewing pseudobulbs or flower spikes. |
| Crested Christmas Fern | Polystichum acrostichoides 'Crispum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas fern) is a true native fern with no documented toxic principles. The genus Polystichum has no known toxicity to cats, dogs, or horses. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but is widely cited as a pet-safe plant by horticultural institutions. |
| mottled spurge | Euphorbia lactea | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic. The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species among plants toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex contains irritant diterpene esters that cause drooling, vomiting, oral and eye irritation, and painful skin contact dermatitis; keep away from pets and wear gloves. |
| Crested Floating Heart | Nymphoides cristata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphoides cristata is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Menyanthaceae family has no widely documented severe toxic principle. However, as an unverified species for pet safety, treat with caution — prevent pets from ingesting leaves or stems, and consult a vet if significant consumption occurs. |
| Crested Gentian | Gentiana septemfida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana septemfida is not individually listed by ASPCA. Gentianaceae family members contain bitter iridoid glycosides including gentiopicrin, which may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. Not reported to cause severe toxicity, but treat as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Crested Hart's Tongue Fern | Asplenium scolopendrium 'Crispum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium scolopendrium (hart's tongue fern) is widely reported as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; no irritant compounds are documented for this genus, and ingestion is not expected to cause significant harm beyond possible mild digestive upset from consuming plant material. |
| Crested Iris | Iris cristata | flowering | Toxic | All Iris species are listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Pentacyclic terpenoids in the rhizome and sap cause salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea. The NC Extension additionally notes contact dermatitis from the sap and seeds. Wear gloves when dividing or handling. |
| Crested phlomis | Phlomis crinita | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus is not documented as a confirmed pet toxin, but it has not been cleared as safe; the woolly leaves and aromatic oils may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by cats or dogs. Treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of pets as a precaution. |
| Crested Wood Fern | Dryopteris cristata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris cristata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Dryopteris is not a confirmed ASPCA entry, with conflicting third-party reports across the genus. We treat it as uncertain: keep it away from pets prone to chewing and confirm with a vet before regarding it as pet-safe. |
| Cretan Arum | Arum creticum | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Arum species contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides and are confirmed toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (ASPCA lists the genus 'Arum' as toxic). The yellow berries that develop after flowering are especially concentrated. Symptoms include severe oral burning, drooling, throat swelling, and vomiting. Handle with gloves as sap can irritate skin. |
| Cretan Brake Fern | Pteris cretica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pteris cretica (brake fern / Cretan brake) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA under its common name 'Brake Fern'. Note: bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is a different, unrelated plant and is toxic — do not confuse the two. |
| Variegated table fern | Pteris cretica 'Albolineata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The species Pteris cretica 'Albolineata' is not individually named by the ASPCA, but the genus is listed: ASPCA's "Silver Table Fern" (Pteris sp., family Pteridaceae) is rated non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and no Pteris species appears on the ASPCA toxic list, so the genus is clean. Note a name-trap: ASPCA's separate "Brake Fern" entry refers to bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), a different genus that is toxic to horses; this Pteris table fern is not that plant. As always, discourage nibbling and verify with your vet if your pet has unusual sensitivities. |
| Old World Climbing Fern | Lygodium microphyllum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. There is no ASPCA genus rule for Lygodium. Its pet safety is not formally established, so keep it away from curious pets and consult a vet if a pet grazes it. Separately, note this species is a highly invasive weed; dispose of clippings responsibly and never plant it outdoors in mild climates. |
| Cretan Date Palm | Phoenix theophrasti | tropical | Mildly toxic | Phoenix palms are not listed as toxic by ASPCA, but the sharp, rigid spine-like leaflets at the base of fronds can cause physical puncture injuries to pets and children. Date fruits are not considered toxic but may cause GI upset if consumed in quantity. Overall toxicity risk is low; the physical hazard from spines is the primary concern. |
| Crimean Linden | Tilia euchlora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Tilia is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Tilia euchlora has no known toxic principles to companion animals. |
| Crimson and Gold quince | Chaenomeles speciosa 'Crimson and Gold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chaenomeles seeds contain amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside found across the Rosaceae family. Cooked fruit is edible; raw seeds should not be eaten by pets or humans. ASPCA does not list this species individually; treat as mildly toxic based on seed content and family precedent. |
| Crimson Cestrum | Cestrum elegans | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Cestrum elegans are toxic to humans, dogs, cats, and livestock. As a Solanaceae family member, it contains steroidal alkaloids. Poisoning has been documented in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and pigs. Symptoms include severe gastrointestinal distress, weakness, and collapse. The berries are particularly hazardous as they resemble edible fruit. Keep away from all pets and children. |
| Crimson flag lily | Hesperantha coccinea | flowering | Toxic | Pet Poison Helpline lists Kaffir lily (Hesperantha coccinea) as toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principle is lycorine, an alkaloid found in all parts of the plant. Clinical signs include vomiting, drooling, retching, and gastrointestinal distress; large ingestions (particularly of the rhizomes) may cause low blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbances, weakness, and seizures. Unlike true lilies (Lilium), it does not cause acute kidney injury in cats. |
| Crimson Ginger Flower | Etlingera punicea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Etlingera punicea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Although the flowers and young shoots are consumed as food by humans in Malaysia, this does not confirm safety for cats and dogs. No specific toxic compounds have been formally documented for this species; a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied, with potential for mild gastrointestinal upset if plant material is ingested by pets. |
| Crimson Portea | Portea kermesina | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads (family Bromeliaceae) are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Portea kermesina is not individually listed, but the family has no known toxic principle. Safe around pets. |
| Crimson Sweet watermelon | Citrullus lanatus 'Crimson Sweet' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and seedless ripe flesh is widely considered safe for dogs and cats in moderation. Feed flesh only; rind and seeds can cause gastrointestinal upset or obstruction. Not individually ASPCA-listed, so introduce in small amounts. |
| Crimson Water Lily | Nymphaea 'Laydekeri Fulgens' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nymphaea genus (water lilies) are non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per the ASPCA. 'Laydekeri Fulgens' shares this safety profile. Always confirm plant identity — true Lilium lilies and daylilies (Hemerocallis) are toxic and should not be confused with Nymphaea. |
| Crimson-spot rock rose | Cistus ladanifer | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus ladanifer is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no specific toxic compounds have been identified in veterinary literature. The plant produces labdanum resin; skin contact may cause irritation in sensitive individuals. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precaution because the genus lacks formal ASPCA clearance. |
| Cripps Golden Hinoki Cypress | Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Crippsii' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic foliage contains volatile oils and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. |
| Crispum Hart's Tongue Fern | Asplenium scolopendrium 'Crispum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium scolopendrium is a true fern not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database, and true ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, although ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset from the plant fibre itself. |
| Hurricane Fern | Asplenium antiquum 'Hurricane' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium ferns (bird's-nest type) are recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and 'Hurricane' is a cultivar of Asplenium antiquum. Curious pets may get mild stomach upset from chewing foliage, but it carries no toxic principle. |
| Crispy Wave Fern | Asplenium nidus 'Crispy Wave' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium nidus and its cultivars are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. 'Crispy Wave' poses no known toxic risk to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Crispy Wave Fern | Asplenium antiquum 'Osaka' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Asplenium bird's nest ferns contain no known toxic principle; at most, nibbling fibrous fronds may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| alligator fern | Microsorum musifolium | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Microsorum species are not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Emily McKenzie crocosmia | Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Emily McKenzie' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Crocosmia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests corms or foliage. No specific toxic principle is documented, and a missing listing should not be read as proof of safety. |
| Jackanapes crocosmia | Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Jackanapes' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Crocosmia as causing mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs from the above-ground parts; the corms are more irritating and can cause bloody vomiting and diarrhoea if dug up and eaten. Keep pets from chewing foliage and corms, and contact a vet if a pet eats the corms. |
| Lucifer crocosmia | Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Lucifer' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Crocosmia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests corms or foliage. No specific toxic principle is documented, but absence of a listing is not confirmation of safety. |
| Solfatare crocosmia | Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Solfatare' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Crocosmia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests corms or foliage. No specific toxic principle is documented, but the absence of a listing does not confirm safety. |
| giant montbretia | Crocosmia masoniorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Crocosmia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests corms or foliage. No specific toxic principle is documented, and the lack of a listing should not be taken as proof of safety. |
| Dutch crocus | Crocus vernus | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists spring Crocus (Crocus vernus) as mildly toxic to cats and dogs — causes GI upset. Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) is a different genus and severely toxic. |
| Jeanne d'Arc crocus | Crocus vernus 'Jeanne d'Arc' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists spring-flowering Crocus species as toxic, causing gastrointestinal upset — vomiting, diarrhoea and drooling — if any part is ingested. This is the mild spring crocus, distinct from the severe, colchicine-bearing autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Keep corms away from pets; contact a vet if a large quantity is eaten. |
| Pickwick crocus | Crocus vernus 'Pickwick' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists spring Crocus species as toxic, producing gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting, diarrhoea and drooling when ingested. It is the mild spring type, not the dangerous colchicine-containing autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Site corms out of reach of pets and consult a vet if significant amounts are eaten. |
| Cream Beauty crocus | Crocus chrysanthus 'Cream Beauty' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists spring Crocus species as toxic, causing gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting, diarrhoea and drooling if ingested. This is the mild spring (snow) crocus, not the colchicine-rich and far more dangerous autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Keep corms inaccessible to pets and call a vet if large amounts are eaten. |
| saffron crocus | Crocus sativus | edible | Mildly toxic | The dried stigmas are edible saffron for humans, but for pets the ASPCA lists Crocus species as toxic, causing gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling) if the plant or corm is ingested. Note this is the true saffron crocus, an Iridaceae species — NOT the deadly meadow saffron / autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale, which contains colchicine. Despite a shared common name, keep corms away from pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Ruby Giant crocus | Crocus tommasinianus 'Ruby Giant' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists spring Crocus species as toxic, causing gastrointestinal upset — vomiting, diarrhoea and drooling — on ingestion. This is the mild spring crocus, not the highly dangerous autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) that contains colchicine. Plant where pets cannot dig the corms and seek veterinary advice if eaten in quantity. |
| Cross gentian | Gentiana cruciata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana cruciata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The plant contains bitter iridoid glycosides (gentiopicroside, sweroside) which are pharmacologically active and may cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting if ingested by cats or dogs in significant amounts. A mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution. |
| Cross-leaved heath | Erica tetralix | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica tetralix is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented in the Erica genus for dogs, cats, or horses. It is widely grown in naturalistic and bog gardens accessible to animals without known harm. |
| Cross-leaved Heath | Erica tetralix 'Alba Mollis' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica species are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs and are generally considered non-toxic; no significant toxic principle has been identified in this genus. |
| firecracker flower | Crossandra infundibuliformis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Crossandra (family Acanthaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, so it is considered pet-safe. It contains no known insoluble calcium oxalates or toxic alkaloids associated with houseplant poisoning. As with any plant, a curious pet that eats a large amount may still get mild stomach upset, so discourage nibbling and contact your vet if symptoms appear. |
| Mango firecracker flower | Crossandra infundibuliformis 'Mango' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Crossandra infundibuliformis is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus Crossandra is unlisted. Without authoritative ASPCA non-toxic confirmation, treat it as uncertain and potentially mildly toxic; keep it away from pets and consult a vet if any is chewed or swallowed. |
| Crossvine | Bignonia capreolata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Bignonia capreolata is in the Bignoniaceae family. ASPCA does not specifically list this species. No well-documented systemic toxicity is recorded, but some sources note potential mild skin or digestive irritation from sap. Classified as mildly toxic out of caution; keep pets and children from ingesting plant material. |
| Crosswort | Cruciata laevipes | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cruciata laevipes is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. No specific toxicity data for cats or dogs is confirmed; classified mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Joseph’s coat | Codiaeum variegatum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Codiaeum variegatum as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky sap causes oral irritation, vomiting, and skin contact dermatitis. |
| Gold Dust croton | Codiaeum variegatum 'Gold Dust' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA. Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) is a Euphorbiaceae plant whose milky sap contains irritant diterpene esters; ingestion causes drooling, mouth and stomach irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea, and the sap can irritate skin on contact. |
| Crow Garlic | Allium vineale | herb | Toxic | All Allium species are listed as toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. The toxic principles are organosulphur compounds (n-propyl disulfide and related thiosulphates) that cause oxidative damage to red blood cells, leading to Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia. Clinical signs include lethargy, weakness, reduced appetite, pale gums, haemoglobinuria, vomiting, and tachycardia; cats are more susceptible than dogs. |
| Crowberry | Empetrum nigrum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Empetrum nigrum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and the berries are consumed by wildlife and humans alike; no significant toxic compounds have been identified in the fruit or foliage. Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Crown Bamboo | Chusquea coronalis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chusquea coronalis is a grass (Poaceae). Bamboos in this family have no known toxic compounds for dogs or cats and are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. |
| Crown begonia | Begonia diadema | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, which cause intense oral irritation, excessive drooling, and vomiting when the plant is chewed or ingested. |
| Crown brodiaea | Brodiaea coronaria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Brodiaea coronaria is not specifically listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The edible corms were a traditional food for Indigenous peoples, and the above-ground parts are not considered highly hazardous to humans. However, ASPCA coverage is incomplete for this genus and some related Brodiaea species have been noted to cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats. Treat as mildly toxic until confirmed otherwise, and consult a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Red Crown Cactus | Rebutia minuscula | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rebutia, like the wider cactus family, is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic principle is documented. The genuine hazard is mechanical: spines can cause mouth, paw, and eye injuries, so place it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Crown Fern | Blechnum discolor | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blechnum discolor is a true fern and is not specifically listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. True ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic to pets, though consumption of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Crown Imperial | Fritillaria imperialis | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Fritillaria imperialis are toxic to humans and pets. The plant contains steroidal alkaloids and cardiac glycoside compounds that can cause vomiting, drooling, abdominal pain, and cardiac effects in dogs and cats. Bulb sap can cause skin irritation on contact — wear gloves when handling. Seek veterinary attention if pets ingest any part. |
| Crown of thorns | Euphorbia milii | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs and cats. The ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline flag Euphorbia species (including E. milii) for their irritant milky latex sap, which contains diterpene/phorbol esters; ingestion causes drooling, mouth and gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea, while sap contact irritates skin and eyes. The sharp thorns add a physical hazard. Keep away from pets and children and wear gloves when pruning. |
| Crown Prince squash | Cucurbita maxima 'Crown Prince' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita maxima is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and plain cooked winter squash is widely fed to pets. As with all squash, rarely a bitter, high-cucurbitacin fruit can cause stomach upset, so discard any squash that tastes strongly bitter. |
| Crown Staghorn Fern | Platycerium coronarium | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Platycerium bifurcatum (common staghorn fern) and Platycerium alcicorne as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Platycerium coronarium belongs to the same genus; no toxic principles have been reported for the genus. It is not individually ASPCA-listed. |
| Crown Vetch | Coronilla varia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Coronilla varia contains nitro-glycosides (coronillin and related compounds) that are documented as toxic to horses (causing ataxia and respiratory distress) and potentially harmful to other grazing animals. The ASPCA does not list it specifically for cats/dogs, but given its documented toxicity in mammals via glycoside content, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| Crown wax plant | Hoya coronaria | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies the Hoya genus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are documented. No known hazards are listed for H. coronaria specifically. Ingestion may still cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| black mystic earth star | Cryptanthus 'Black Mystic' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA lists Cryptanthus (Earth Star, Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; this named hybrid belongs to that genus and shares its non-toxic status. The toothed leaf margins can scratch, so the main concern is physical irritation, not poisoning. |
| pink starlight earth star | Cryptanthus 'Pink Starlight' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cryptanthus is a non-toxic bromeliad genus; the ASPCA lists bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Cryptanthus earth stars are confirmed non-toxic. Eating a large amount may cause mild stomach upset, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| ruby earth star | Cryptanthus 'Ruby' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA lists Cryptanthus (Earth Star, Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; this named hybrid belongs to that genus and shares its non-toxic status. The toothed leaf edges can scratch, so the only real precaution is mechanical irritation rather than poisoning. |
| green earth star | Cryptanthus acaulis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA lists Cryptanthus (Earth Star, Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and this species belongs to that genus. The leaf margins are finely toothed and can scratch, so the main precaution is mechanical irritation rather than poisoning. |
| rainbow star | Cryptanthus bromelioides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cryptanthus and bromeliads generally are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported; the toothed leaf margins pose only a minor mechanical, not chemical, hazard. |
| giant cryptanthus | Cryptanthus fosterianus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA lists Cryptanthus (Earth Star, Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this species shares the genus status. Its larger, firmer leaves have toothed margins that can scratch, so the only meaningful hazard is mechanical injury rather than poisoning. |
| zebra plant earth star | Cryptanthus zonatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. The ASPCA lists Cryptanthus (Earth Star, Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this species follows the genus. The only real hazard is mechanical: the leaf margins carry small spines that can scratch a curious pet's mouth or paws, so placement out of reach is sensible. |
| albida Crypt | Cryptocoryne albida | tropical | Mildly toxic | Cryptocoryne is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no genus-level ASPCA classification, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than asserting pet-safe. As a submerged aquarium plant, realistic ingestion exposure is low. |
| Balansa's Crypt | Cryptocoryne balansae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so the status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Belonging to the Araceae family, Cryptocoryne tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; a pet chewing emersed leaves may show oral irritation, drooling or GI upset. Do not label pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| Beckett's Crypt | Cryptocoryne beckettii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so the status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Cryptocoryne is in the Araceae family, whose members carry insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; a pet chewing emersed leaves may show oral irritation, drooling or vomiting. Do not label pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| Thai Crypt | Cryptocoryne crispatula var. balansae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Neither Cryptocoryne nor this variety is individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a fully submerged plant pet exposure is unlikely, but do not assume it is pet-safe — discourage cats from chewing leaves splashed out during water changes. |
| shining Crypt | Cryptocoryne lucens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Cryptocoryne (Araceae family), tissues hold insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; pets chewing emersed leaves could show oral irritation, drooling or vomiting. Do not assert pet-safe without ASPCA confirmation. |
| Nuri's Crypt | Cryptocoryne nurii | tropical | Toxic | Cryptocoryne is a member of the Araceae (aroid) family, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate raphides; the genus is not individually listed but inherits the family stance. Chewing leaves can cause oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth and vomiting in cats and dogs. Keep removed/trimmed leaves away from pets during tank maintenance. |
| dwarf Crypt | Cryptocoryne parva | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Cryptocoryne is in the Araceae family, whose members contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; pets chewing emersed leaves could experience oral irritation, drooling or vomiting. Do not claim pet-safe absent ASPCA confirmation. |
| heart-leaf Crypt | Cryptocoryne pontederiifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Cryptocoryne is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so toxicity is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Exposure risk is low for a submerged plant, but do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA grounding — keep chewed-out fragments away from cats and dogs. |
| spiral Crypt | Cryptocoryne spiralis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Cryptocoryne in the Araceae family, its tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; pets chewing emersed leaves could experience oral irritation, drooling or vomiting. Never claim pet-safe without ASPCA confirmation. |
| undulate Crypt | Cryptocoryne undulata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so the status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Cryptocoryne belongs to the Araceae family, whose members contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; a pet chewing emersed leaves may show oral irritation, drooling or vomiting. Never label pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| brown Wendt's Crypt | Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Brown' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is officially undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Cryptocoryne belongs to the Araceae (aroid) family and tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, so a pet chewing emersed leaves could experience oral irritation, drooling or vomiting. Do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA confirmation. |
| green Wendt's Crypt | Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Green' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Cryptocoryne is a member of the arum family (Araceae), which the ASPCA consistently classifies as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| red Wendt's Crypt | Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Red' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so the status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Cryptocoryne (family Araceae), tissues hold insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; an inquisitive cat or dog chewing emersed foliage may show oral irritation, drooling or GI upset. Never assert pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| Crystal anthurium | Anthurium crystallinum | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to both cats and dogs (and horses), with the toxic principle being insoluble calcium oxalates. All parts of A. crystallinum contain these needle-like raphide crystals, which on chewing cause oral pain, intense burning of the mouth, lips and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well out of reach of pets and children, and wash hands after handling cut stems as the sap can also irritate skin. |
| Crystal Apple cucumber | Cucumis sativus 'Crystal Apple' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Cucumis sativus, cucumber). No toxic principle; overeating fruit or foliage may cause only mild, passing digestive upset. |
| crystal butterwort | Pinguicula crystallina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinguicula (butterworts) are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The digestive mucilage contains protease enzymes effective on tiny insects but poses no toxicity risk to mammals. |
| Crystal Palace lobelia | Lobelia erinus 'Crystal Palace' | flowering | Toxic | Lobelia erinus, including 'Crystal Palace', contains piperidine alkaloids including lobeline and is regarded as toxic to cats, dogs and humans if ingested in meaningful quantities. L. erinus is not individually itemised on the ASPCA list, but the genus is well documented as toxic, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive salivation and, at high doses, tremors and respiratory depression. Treat as toxic and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if a pet ingests it. |
| Crystal White narrowleaf zinnia | Zinnia angustifolia 'Crystal White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Z. angustifolia is not known to contain any harmful compounds. |
| Ctenanthe Amagris | Ctenanthe burle-marxii 'Amagris' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ctenanthe is part of the Marantaceae prayer plant group the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic; there is no toxic principle, with only mild, temporary stomach upset possible if a pet eats a large amount. |
| apostle plant ctenanthe | Ctenanthe compressa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ctenanthe belongs to the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae), which carries no toxic principle, making the apostle plant safe around pets; ingesting a lot of foliage may still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Tricolor never never plant | Ctenanthe oppenheimiana 'Tricolor' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classes prayer plants including Ctenanthe as non-toxic to cats and dogs. There is no harmful toxic principle; large quantities of fibrous leaf may still cause mild, passing digestive upset, so discourage grazing. |
| Golden mosaic ctenanthe | Ctenanthe pilosa 'Golden Mosaic' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists prayer plants in the Marantaceae, including Ctenanthe, as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is present; eating a lot of the fibrous foliage may still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Ctenanthe Grey Star | Ctenanthe setosa 'Grey Star' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the prayer-plant family (Ctenanthe, Calathea/Goeppertia, Maranta, Stromanthe) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is present; a curious nibble may still cause mild, transient stomach upset from the fibrous foliage. |
| Cuban cigar calathea | Calathea lutea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the related Calathea insignis (prayer plant) is also ASPCA non-toxic. Calathea lutea is not individually named on the ASPCA database, but it falls under the non-toxic Calathea genus listing (no Calathea species is listed as toxic); as always, verify with your vet and discourage chewing, since fibrous leaves can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Cuban Lily | Scilla peruviana | flowering | Toxic | Scilla peruviana contains cardiac glycosides and alkaloids (scillarens) throughout the plant, with highest concentrations in the large bulbs. These are toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, and potentially cardiac effects. ASPCA lists the Scilla genus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The large bulbs of this species represent a particular hazard. |
| Spanish Thyme | Plectranthus amboinicus | herb | Mildly toxic | Cuban oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the broader Plectranthus/Coleus group has been flagged for mild toxicity in pets; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Keep ingestion by cats and dogs to a minimum. |
| Cuban peperomia | Peperomia cubensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principle has been identified in this genus. Consumption of large amounts of foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset from plant fibre, but no toxin is involved. |
| Cuban Royal Palm | Roystonea regia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Roystonea regia is in the Arecaceae (palm) family, which the ASPCA recognises as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cuban Royal Palm is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and no toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Cuckooflower | Cardamine pratensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA. As a member of Brassicaceae, this species contains glucosinolates that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs if eaten in quantity; classified here as mildly-toxic on a precautionary basis. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| garden cucumber | Cucumis sativus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Cucumis sativus as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Cucumber Tree | Magnolia acuminata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Magnolia as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Eating large amounts of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| culantro | Eryngium foetidum | herb | Mildly toxic | Eryngium foetidum is not individually listed by the ASPCA and the genus has no established ASPCA stance, with sources conflicting on whether Eryngium can upset cats; status is therefore uncertain. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Cumin | Cuminum cyminum | herb | Mildly toxic | Cuminum cyminum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Culinary cumin is generally regarded as low-risk, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before deliberate exposure. |
| Cuming's Medinilla | Medinilla cumingii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Medinilla cumingii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The family Melastomataceae has no widely documented toxic principle, and the related genus Bertolonia is ASPCA non-toxic. However, no confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing exists for Medinilla; until individual species are assessed, we advise keeping the plant out of reach of pets and children as a precaution. |
| blue China fir | Cunninghamia lanceolata 'Glauca' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cunninghamia is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats and dogs. Without an authoritative listing it should be treated as uncertain, and the rigid, sharp needles pose a physical-injury risk if chewed. Verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Cuore di Bue tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Cuore di Bue' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is solanine in the green leaves, stems and unripe fruit, which can cause hypersalivation, GI upset, lethargy and weakness. Ripe fruit is low-risk, but keep pets away from the foliage and any green fruit. |
| Cup of gold vine | Solandra maxima | tropical | Toxic | Solandra maxima is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) and all parts of the plant contain tropane alkaloids, principally scopolamine and hyoscyamine (atropine). These are potent toxins that affect the central and autonomic nervous systems. Ingestion by cats or dogs can cause dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, agitation, and in serious cases neurological signs requiring urgent veterinary care. Solandra is not individually listed on the ASPCA database by name, but the Solanaceae alkaloid profile makes it a plant to keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| cup plant | Silphium perfoliatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Silphium perfoliatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The resinous sap contains terpenoids (the source of its 'rosinweed' lineage) but no acute toxic principle is documented; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Cupani sweet pea | Lathyrus odoratus 'Cupani' | flowering | Toxic | All Lathyrus odoratus cultivars, including 'Cupani', contain lathyrogenic compounds concentrated in seeds and pods. The ASPCA lists Lathyrus odoratus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Do not allow pets or children to eat seeds or pods. The plant is safe to handle for cutting and enjoying in the garden. |
| Cupcake Rose | Rosa 'Cupcake' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Thorns can still cause physical injury, and bouquet roses may carry pesticide or preservative residues, so garden-grown plants are safest around pets. |
| Cupcakes Blush cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Cupcakes Blush' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds are known in this genus. |
| false heather | Cuphea hyssopifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cuphea hyssopifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be made from an authoritative source. Treat it with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and pets should be discouraged from chewing the foliage. |
| Cupid peperomia | Peperomia scandens 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list this exact cultivar by name, but it individually lists numerous Peperomia species — including Trailing Peperomia (Peperomia prostrata), Baby Rubber Plant (P. obtusifolia), Watermelon Peperomia (P. argyreia) and Emerald Ripple (P. caperata), all family Piperaceae — as Non-Toxic to Dogs and Non-Toxic to Cats, with no toxic principle or clinical signs noted. Cupid peperomia is widely regarded as pet-safe on this consistent genus-wide pattern. The ASPCA gives no status for horses, and as with any houseplant a pet that eats a large quantity may get mild, transient stomach upset from the plant bulk; if you are concerned about a specific animal, check with your vet. |
| Cupuaçu | Theobroma grandiflorum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Theobroma grandiflorum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Theobroma relative of cacao it may contain methylxanthines such as theobromine in its tissues and seeds, the same compound that makes chocolate toxic to dogs and cats, so keep pets away from seeds, foliage and pods. |
| Siam tulip | Curcuma alismatifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Curcuma alismatifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. As a ginger (Zingiberaceae) it is unrelated to true tulips, so 'tulip toxicity' does not apply; status remains unconfirmed. Treat as uncertain — ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep away from pets and check with a vet if eaten. |
| string of hot dogs | Curio articulatus | houseplant | Toxic | Curio articulatus (formerly Senecio articulatus) is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but the ASPCA flags its close relative string of pearls (Senecio rowleyanus) for vomiting and lethargy and lists other Senecio species as toxic to cats and dogs due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. On that genus-level basis we treat it as toxic. Keep it away from pets, and note the milky sap can irritate skin, so handle with gloves. |
| string of teardrops | Curio citriformis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classes Curio/Senecio succulents as toxic to cats and dogs, reporting vomiting and lethargy and an irritant sap linked to pyrrolizidine-type compounds. Keep string of teardrops out of pets' reach. |
| ice plant | Curio ficoides | houseplant | Toxic | Curio (formerly Senecio) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs — related species such as string of pearls (Senecio rowleyanus) appear on the ASPCA toxic list. The sap contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, lethargy, and skin/eye irritation, with potential liver injury after larger ingestions. Keep well out of reach of pets and seek veterinary advice if eaten. |
| Mount Everest senecio | Curio ficoides 'Mount Everest' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classes Curio/Senecio succulents as toxic to cats and dogs, with vomiting and lethargy reported and an irritant sap associated with pyrrolizidine-type compounds. Treat 'Mount Everest' as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| String of Dolphins | Curio peregrinus | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Senecio/Curio is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. String-type Curio succulents contain irritant compounds (and pyrrolizidine-type alkaloids in the group) that can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy if chewed; the sap may also irritate skin. Keep well out of reach of pets. |
| string of bananas | Curio radicans | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA includes string-type Curio/Senecio succulents among toxic plants, with vomiting and lethargy reported in pets and an irritant sap linked to pyrrolizidine-type compounds. Keep this trailing plant out of pets' reach. |
| string of pearls | Curio rowleyanus | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA includes string of pearls (Curio/Senecio) among toxic succulents, reporting vomiting and lethargy in pets; the irritant sap is associated with pyrrolizidine-type compounds. Hang well out of reach of cats and dogs. |
| blue finger plant | Curio talinoides var. mandraliscae | houseplant | Toxic | Listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs (this species was long classified as Senecio mandraliscae, and the ASPCA lists Senecio as toxic). Senecio/Curio succulents contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, with chronic exposure, liver damage. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if eaten. |
| Spiralled Cereus | Cereus forbesii 'Spiralis' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Cereus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Curled Air Plant | Tillandsia circinnatoides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia (air plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are known in this species; minor gastrointestinal upset may occur if large amounts of fibrous leaf material are eaten. |
| Curled Dock | Rumex crispus | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists dock (Rumex spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are soluble calcium oxalates. Clinical signs include kidney failure (rare but reported), muscle tremors, hypersalivation, weakness, and gastrointestinal upset. Soluble oxalates bind serum calcium rapidly, causing hypocalcaemia that impairs cell membrane function. Contact a veterinarian immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| curled-spathe heliconia | Heliconia spathocircinata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia spathocircinata is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs. The genus Heliconia (family Heliconiaceae) belongs to the broader Zingiberales order where most genera are considered non-toxic, but no ASPCA-verified per-species clearance exists for this species. A mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Curly begonia | Begonia crispula | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates. Ingestion causes oral irritation, hypersalivation, and vomiting; the underground rhizome contains the highest concentration. |
| frisee | Cichorium endivia var. crispum 'Frisee' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cichorium endivia is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given. Eating the leaves may cause mild vomiting or stomach upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. |
| curly kale | Brassica oleracea var. sabellica 'Curly Kale' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kale (Brassica oleracea) is not on the ASPCA list of toxic plants; the ASPCA lists Roman Kale as non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, brassicas contain thiocyanates and, like other crucifers, can cause gas, GI upset, or in very large repeated amounts thyroid or red-blood-cell effects, so feed only in small, occasional, cooked portions and not as a dietary staple. |
| curly kentia | Howea belmoreana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Kentia / Paradise Palm (Howea) as non-toxic, so this same-genus species (Howea belmoreana) is considered pet-safe. Ingesting large amounts of the tough fronds could still cause minor mechanical stomach upset, but no chemical toxicity is expected. |
| Curly Oncidium | Oncidium crispum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oncidium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for O. crispum. |
| curly parsley | Petroselinum crispum var. crispum | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is furanocoumarins, which can cause photosensitization and mild gastrointestinal upset, typically after large ingestion. Discourage heavy grazing by pets and seek veterinary advice if a lot is eaten. |
| Curly Pondweed | Potamogeton crispus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potamogeton crispus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Pondweeds are native aquatic plants with no known toxic principles and are consumed by waterfowl and aquatic herbivores. |
| Curly Sentry Palm | Howea belmoreana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Howea belmoreana is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Like related Howea forsteriana (Kentia palm), it is broadly considered non-toxic and safe in homes with pets. |
| Curly-leaved rock rose | Cistus crispus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus crispus is not listed by the ASPCA. No specific toxic principles are documented in horticulture or veterinary literature for this species. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution because the genus has not received a formal ASPCA clearance; the sticky leaf resin may cause mild dermal irritation. |
| Curly-wurly rush | Juncus decipiens 'Curly-wurly' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus decipiens and related Juncus species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic; this rush is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Curror's Cyphostemma | Cyphostemma currorii | tropical | Toxic | Like other members of the genus, Cyphostemma currorii produces berries that are reported to be toxic and inedible. Horticultural sources warn against consumption. The genus belongs to Vitaceae; individual species including C. currorii are not listed by ASPCA, but based on documented fruit toxicity across the genus, all parts should be treated as toxic. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Curry leaf plant | Murraya koenigii | herb | Mildly toxic | Murraya koenigii is NOT individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no member of the genus appears, so safety for cats and dogs is not established. The leaves are well documented as culinary-safe for humans, but the berries contain seeds reported to cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Treat as pet-cautious and verify with your vet before exposing animals. |
| Curry plant | Helichrysum italicum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helichrysum italicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic principle has been identified in the genus Helichrysum for dogs, cats, or horses. Mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if large amounts are ingested. Consult a vet if concerned. |
| Curved peperomia | Peperomia campylotropa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. caperata, and P. prostrata) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic members of the genus on record. Peperomia campylotropa is considered pet-safe on this consistent genus-wide basis. Ingesting large amounts of any plant may cause mild transient digestive upset; consult your vet if your pet nibbles it. |
| Curved-Flower Sage | Salvia curviflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. As an ornamental Mexican salvia, Salvia curviflora is not individually listed; the mild-toxic classification is applied as a cautionary precaution since ingestion of plant material may cause transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Cushaw Squash | Cucurbita argyrosperma | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita argyrosperma is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Cucurbita and the broader squash family have no reported toxic principle to dogs or cats. Related squash species are listed as non-toxic by ASPCA. The seeds and flesh are safe and widely consumed by humans. |
| Window haworthia | Haworthia cymbiformis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Haworthia appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list). No toxic principle; chewing large amounts of any plant can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Cushion Baby's Breath | Gypsophila aretioides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gypsophila aretioides is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Gypsophila genus is listed as mildly toxic to dogs and cats due to saponin content, which can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat as mildly toxic per genus rule. |
| Cushion Draba | Draba bruniifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Draba bruniifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Draba belongs to Brassicaceae, a family with no documented toxic principles. No toxicity to dogs, cats, or horses has been reported in horticultural or veterinary literature. |
| Cushion Sandwort | Arenaria tetraquetra | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arenaria tetraquetra (family Caryophyllaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been reported for this genus or the Caryophyllaceae family in veterinary toxicology references. |
| Cushion thrift | Armeria caespitosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Armeria is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While the genus is widely regarded in horticulture as non-problematic to pets, the absence of a confirmed ASPCA listing means a 'pet-safe' designation cannot be given with certainty. Classified as mildly-toxic on a precautionary basis; consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Cusick's camas | Camassia cusickii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Camassia cusickii is not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The bulbs have a long history of use as human food by Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest, and the plant is generally considered non-toxic to humans. However, ASPCA verification for this specific species in cats and dogs is absent, and C. cusickii is sometimes cited as potentially causing mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Out of caution, classify as mildly toxic — consult a vet if a cat or dog ingests any part, particularly the bulb. Caution: Camassia can be confused in the field with death camas (Anticlea, formerly Zigadenus), which is highly toxic; only cultivate known, correctly identified stock. |
| Cusp blazing star | Liatris mucronata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Liatris as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No known toxic principles; mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested, as with any plant material. |
| Custard Apple | Annona reticulata | tropical | Mildly toxic | All Annona species, including A. reticulata, contain annonaceous acetogenins — compounds concentrated in the seeds, bark, leaves, and unripe fruit. These have documented neurotoxic properties linked to atypical Parkinsonism with repeated high-level exposure. Seeds are particularly toxic. Annona is listed as toxic to dogs by veterinary toxicologists. The ASPCA does not specifically list this species, but caution is warranted for all pets. Ripe fruit flesh consumed in moderation is traditional food, but keep seeds and plant parts away from dogs and cats. |
| Biriba | Rollinia deliciosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rollinia deliciosa is not listed by ASPCA as toxic. The fruit and foliage have no documented toxic principle to dogs or cats; the genus belongs to Annonaceae, which has no widespread toxicity record for companion animals. Considered safe, though the large seeds should not be ingested. |
| Cut-Leaved Cranesbill | Geranium dissectum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA — the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' entry refers to Pelargonium. Geranium dissectum has no known hazards and is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Cut-leaved Selfheal | Prunella laciniata | herb | Mildly toxic | Prunella laciniata is not specifically listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The closely related P. vulgaris is widely regarded as safe, but the genus contains rosmarinic acid and various phenolic compounds; until a definitive ASPCA assessment is available this species is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Cutite | Pouteria macrophylla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria macrophylla is not individually listed by ASPCA. Sapotaceae species are not widely documented as systemically toxic to companion animals, but the seeds and unripe fruit may contain bitter saponins or tannins that can cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Ripe pulp is eaten by people in Amazonian communities and is not reported as toxic, but caution is advised with pets. Keep seeds away from animals. |
| Cutleaf coneflower | Rudbeckia laciniata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rudbeckia laciniata is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant lists for dogs or cats and is not known to contain chemical toxins harmful to companion animals. It has reported mild effects in horses and cattle in some literature, but is not classified as toxic to dogs or cats. |
| Cutleaf Fleabane | Erigeron compositus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erigeron compositus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Erigeron genus (Asteraceae) has no documented toxic principle for dogs or cats, and the family is generally regarded as non-toxic. |
| Cutleaf Ground Cherry | Physalis angulata | edible | Mildly toxic | Physalis angulata ripe fruits are consumed by humans in various cultures, but unripe fruits and all green plant parts contain physalin, solanine-type glycoalkaloids, and withanolides that are toxic if ingested in quantity. ASPCA does not individually list Physalis angulata, but the Solanaceae family includes members toxic to dogs and cats. Treat foliage, stems, and husks as hazardous to pets; do not allow animals to graze on the plants. |
| Cutleaf Toothwort | Cardamine concatenata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cardamine (Brassicaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. Like any plant, large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but the species carries no recorded toxicity concern. |
| Panzhihua cycad | Cycas panzhihuaensis | tropical | Toxic | Severely toxic. As a Cycas (sago palm/cycad), it is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is cycasin, with all parts poisonous and seeds the most dangerous. Ingestion causes vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure, and death — even a small amount can be fatal. Keep away from pets and children and seek emergency veterinary care if eaten. |
| queen sago | Cycas rumphii | tropical | Toxic | Severely toxic. Cycas (sago palm and cycads) are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is cycasin, with all parts harmful and the seeds most dangerous. Ingestion causes vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure, and death — as few as one or two seeds can be fatal. Keep away from pets and children; seek emergency veterinary care if eaten. |
| Cyclamen | Cyclamen persicum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the toxic principle is terpenoid saponins. Leaves and flowers cause drooling, vomiting, and diarrhoea, while the tuber - the most toxic part - can in large amounts cause heart-rhythm abnormalities, seizures, and death. Keep well away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| Victoria cyclamen | Cyclamen persicum 'Victoria' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Cyclamen). The toxic principles are terpenoid saponins, concentrated in the tuber and roots; signs include drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, with seizures and fatal heart-rhythm problems possible after large ingestions of tuber. Keep away from pets. |
| Cyclamen-flowered Daffodil | Narcissus cyclamineus | flowering | Toxic | As with all Narcissus species, N. cyclamineus contains lycorine and other phenanthridine alkaloids concentrated in the bulb. Ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, and in larger quantities, cardiac effects. ASPCA lists Narcissus (daffodil) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All plant parts should be kept away from pets. |
| Ridley's Staghorn Fern | Platycerium ridleyi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Platycerium (staghorn ferns) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Common Staghorn Fern is ASPCA non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses), and P. ridleyi follows the genus. As with any houseplant, eating large amounts may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Cylindra beet | Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 'Cylindra' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies Beets (Beta vulgaris) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, noting oxalic acid in large mature leaves. Feed roots and greens in moderation only; pets with a history of oxalate bladder or kidney stones should avoid large amounts of beet. |
| Cylindra beet | Beta vulgaris 'Cylindra' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). Beets (Beta vulgaris) are on the ASPCA non-toxic list. Mature leaves are high in oxalic acid, so offer greens sparingly; small amounts of cooked root are a safe occasional treat. |
| Cylindric Blazing Star | Liatris cylindracea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Liatris species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for Liatris cylindracea in pets or livestock. Generally regarded as safe in the landscape. |
| Cylindrical Rock Jasmine | Androsace cylindrica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Androsace cylindrica is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Androsace (family Primulaceae) has no documented toxic principles. Based on family-level characteristics and specialist horticultural literature, it is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Cylindrical snake plant | Dracaena angolensis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists snake plants (Sansevieria, now reclassified as Dracaena) as toxic to both cats and dogs, with saponins as the toxic principle; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. NC State Extension similarly classifies Dracaena angolensis as toxic to pets and notes the sap may irritate skin, so keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Red Beauty Cymbidium | Cymbidium 'Red Beauty' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Cymbidium hybrids belong to the orchid family, which the ASPCA classes as non-toxic. A pet that eats a lot of leaf or flower may experience mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, and the bigger hazard is any pesticide or fertiliser on the plant rather than the orchid itself. |
| Cascade Cymbidium | Cymbidium 'Sarah Jean' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Cymbidium hybrid in the Orchidaceae family, the family the ASPCA clears for Phalaenopsis and other orchids, it carries no toxic principle. Chewing the leaves or gritty mix may still cause mild, brief stomach upset, so keep the basket out of pets' reach. |
| Showgirl Cymbidium | Cymbidium 'Showgirl' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Cymbidium is part of the orchid family, which the ASPCA classes as non-toxic. Eating a large quantity of any plant may cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset in pets, and any insecticide or fertiliser residue on the foliage is a greater concern than the orchid tissue itself. |
| Devon Cymbidium | Cymbidium devonianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Cymbidium and the wider Orchidaceae family carry no toxic principles. As with any plant, a curious pet that chews a large amount may get mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset, and any insecticide or fertiliser residue is the real hazard, not the orchid itself. |
| Red-column Cymbidium | Cymbidium erythrostylum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — like all true orchids in the Orchidaceae family, Cymbidium contains no toxic compounds. Large mouthfuls of any foliage can cause mild, temporary stomach upset in a curious pet, and any chemical sprays applied to the plant pose more risk than the orchid tissue. |
| Sundust Miniature Cymbidium | Cymbidium Golden Elf 'Sundust' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — this miniature Cymbidium is a member of the orchid family, which the ASPCA classes as non-toxic. A pet that chews a lot of leaf or flower may have brief, mild stomach upset, and any chemical treatment on the plant poses more risk than the orchid material itself. |
| Tracy's Cymbidium | Cymbidium tracyanum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cymbidium orchids are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, consistent with the ASPCA's non-toxic listing for cultivated orchids; no toxic principle is reported. Chewing may cause minor, self-limiting stomach upset only. If you are unsure, keep pets away and check with a vet. |
| Umbrella Palm | Cyperus alternifolius | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cyperus alternifolius is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Cyperus has no established ASPCA classification (the ASPCA 'Umbrella Plant' entry is Eriogonum umbellatum, a different species; the toxic 'Umbrella Tree' is Schefflera/Brassaia — neither is this sedge). Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Umbrella Sedge | Cyperus involucratus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cyperus involucratus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Cyperus has no established ASPCA classification (the ASPCA 'Umbrella Plant' page refers to the unrelated Eriogonum umbellatum, not this sedge). Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sweet Galingale | Cyperus longus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cyperus longus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Cyperus has no established ASPCA classification (the ASPCA 'Umbrella Plant' entry refers to the unrelated Eriogonum umbellatum). Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Papyrus | Cyperus papyrus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cyperus papyrus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Cyperus has no established ASPCA classification (note: the ASPCA 'Umbrella Plant' entry actually refers to Eriogonum umbellatum, an unrelated plant, not Cyperus). Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Cyperus Sedge | Carex pseudocyperus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex (true sedges) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and contain no known toxic principles. Cyperus Sedge is considered safe around pets and livestock. |
| Cyperus-like sedge | Carex pseudocyperus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Carex pseudocyperus is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Cyprus Cedar | Cedrus brevifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cedrus species are not individually listed by ASPCA. True cedar foliage and pollen can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets and may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Cedar essential oils can be harmful to cats. Treat with caution and keep away from pets that habitually browse foliage. |
| Cyprus Cedar | Cedrus libani subsp. brevifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cedrus libani and its subspecies are not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Cedrus has no documented severe toxic principles for dogs or cats, but like all conifers, needles and resin may cause mild oral and gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. Not considered highly toxic. Seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Large-leafed Holly Fern | Cyrtomium macrophyllum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists the genus Cyrtomium as non-toxic to cats and dogs via Holly Fern / Japanese Holly Fern (Cyrtomium falcatum), with no toxic principle identified. C. macrophyllum is the large-leafed holly fern in the same genus; as with any plant, eating large quantities may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Bulblet Bladder Fern | Cystopteris bulbifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cystopteris (bladder fern) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database for cats, dogs, or horses, so its status is unconfirmed. Many true ferns are non-toxic, but as this genus is unlisted, treat it as uncertain, prevent pets from chewing it, and verify with a vet to be safe. |
| Brittle Bladder Fern | Cystopteris fragilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cystopteris (bladder fern) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database for cats, dogs, or horses, so its safety is unconfirmed. Many true ferns are non-toxic, but because this genus is unlisted, treat it with caution, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet before exposing pets. |
| Czar plum | Prunus domestica 'Czar' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Plum (Prunus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The ripe flesh is not the hazard, but the stems, leaves, roots and the stone (kernel) contain cyanogenic glycosides; wilting foliage and cracked stones can release cyanide when chewed, causing brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, panting and shock. Keep prunings, fallen leaves and stones from pets. |
| narcissus | Narcissus | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to lycorine and other alkaloids. The bulb is the most toxic part; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and rarely cardiac issues. |
| Daffodil | Narcissus pseudonarcissus | flowering | Toxic | All Narcissus species contain lycorine and other alkaloids (narcissine, galantamine) throughout the plant, with highest concentrations in the bulb. ASPCA lists daffodils as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, convulsions, low blood pressure, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias. Bulbs have been mistaken for onions — this is a serious human poisoning risk. Sap causes narcissus dermatitis in florists. |
| Dagger-leaf rush | Juncus ensifolius | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus ensifolius is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful; Juncus rushes are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Daghestan Sage | Salvia daghestanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Salvia daghestanica is not individually listed by the ASPCA; mildly-toxic rating applied as a precaution since ingestion of aromatic sage foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. |
| border dahlia | Dahlia pinnata | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Symptoms are mild — vomiting, mild dermatitis — and serious cases are rare. |
| Dahlia | Dahlia merckii | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia species as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion may cause mild GI upset including vomiting and diarrhoea. Foliage contact can cause dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Not considered life-threatening. |
| Ace Summer Sunset dahlia | Dahlia 'Ace Summer Sunset' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is unknown, but ingestion of any part, including the tubers, can cause mild gastrointestinal signs and mild dermatitis. Keep plants and stored tubers out of pets' reach. |
| American Dawn dahlia | Dahlia 'American Dawn' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is unidentified; ingestion typically causes mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis. Keep tubers and foliage away from pets. |
| Peony-flowered dahlia | Dahlia 'Bishop of Llandaff' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, classified as mildly toxic. The toxic principle is unknown; reported clinical signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis. Keep plants and stored tubers away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| Boom Boom White dahlia | Dahlia 'Boom Boom White' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is unknown, but ingestion of any part, including the tubers, can cause mild gastrointestinal signs and mild dermatitis. Keep growing plants and stored tubers away from pets. |
| Bora Bora dahlia | Dahlia 'Bora Bora' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, citing an unidentified toxic principle. Reported signs are mild: mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) and mild dermatitis from skin contact. Effects are generally minor rather than life-threatening, but ingestion should still be avoided and a vet consulted if signs develop. |
| Breakout dahlia | Dahlia 'Breakout' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is unidentified; ingestion typically causes mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis. Keep tubers and foliage out of reach of pets. |
| Gallery Art Deco dahlia | Dahlia 'Gallery Art Deco' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is unknown and reported signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis. Prevent pets from chewing foliage or tubers. |
| Ginger Snap dahlia | Dahlia 'Ginger Snap' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is unknown, but ingestion of any part, including the tubers, can cause mild gastrointestinal signs and mild dermatitis. Keep plants and stored tubers out of reach of pets. |
| Hollyhill Black Beauty dahlia | Dahlia 'Hollyhill Black Beauty' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is unidentified; ingestion typically causes mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis. Keep tubers and foliage out of pets' reach. |
| Karma Choc dahlia | Dahlia 'Karma Choc' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is unknown and reported signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis. Keep pets from chewing foliage or tubers. |
| Karma Naomi dahlia | Dahlia 'Karma Naomi' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is unidentified; ingestion typically causes mild gastrointestinal upset and skin/contact dermatitis. Keep tubers and foliage away from pets. |
| Labyrinth dahlia | Dahlia 'Labyrinth' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is unidentified; ingestion typically causes mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis. Keep tubers and foliage out of reach of pets. |
| Mystic Illusion dahlia | Dahlia 'Mystic Illusion' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is unknown and reported signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis. Keep pets from nibbling the foliage or tubers. |
| Penhill Watermelon dahlia | Dahlia 'Penhill Watermelon' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is unidentified; ingestion typically causes mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis. Keep tubers and plant parts away from pets. |
| Thomas Edison dahlia | Dahlia 'Thomas Edison' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is unknown and reported signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis. Discourage pets from chewing leaves or tubers. |
| Dahurian Juniper | Juniperus davurica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus davurica contains the same aromatic volatile oils and resins present across the genus, which can cause mild gastrointestinal upset — vomiting, drooling, and diarrhoea — if ingested by dogs or cats. ASPCA classifies junipers as mildly toxic; this species is not individually listed. As with all junipers, discourage pets from chewing foliage or berries. |
| Dahurian Larch | Larix gmelinii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles are reported in the genus; needles and bark are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| April Cross daikon | Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 'April Cross' | edible | Mildly toxic | Raphanus sativus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Radish foliage and roots contain glucosinolates/isothiocyanates that can cause gastrointestinal upset, gas and drooling in cats and dogs if eaten in quantity. Not confirmed safe — treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Minowase daikon | Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 'Minowase' | edible | Mildly toxic | Raphanus sativus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Radish foliage and roots contain glucosinolates/isothiocyanates that can cause gastrointestinal upset, gas and drooling in cats and dogs if eaten in quantity. Not confirmed safe — treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Tokinashi daikon | Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 'Tokinashi' | edible | Mildly toxic | Raphanus sativus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Radish foliage and roots contain glucosinolates/isothiocyanates that can cause gastrointestinal upset, gas and drooling in cats and dogs if eaten in quantity. Not confirmed safe — treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Daikon Radish | Raphanus sativus 'Daikon' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Raphanus sativus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The root and greens are safe and commonly consumed by humans and livestock. |
| Mooli | Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated radish, including daikon (Raphanus sativus), is non-toxic to cats and dogs and is not on the ASPCA's toxic list. The ASPCA's 'Wild Radish' entry is the unrelated Raphanus raphanistrum, toxic only to horses. The root and pungent leaves may cause mild flatulence or stomach upset, so offer to pets only in small amounts. |
| Dainty Bess | Rosa 'Dainty Bess' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species; toxic principle: none). Only the thorns pose a risk, capable of scratching skin or mouth if a pet brushes against or chews the canes. |
| Dalit Durian | Durio graveolens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Durio graveolens is not listed by ASPCA. No toxic principle has been documented for dogs or cats in Durio species or the broader Malvaceae family. The fresh aril is safe; the large seeds pose a choking and obstruction hazard. The powerful aroma may deter most animals naturally. |
| Dalmatian Chrysanthemum | Tanacetum cinerariifolium | herb | Mildly toxic | Tanacetum cinerariifolium contains pyrethrins, which are insecticidal compounds. These are toxic to cats and dogs if ingested in significant quantities, causing salivation, vomiting, tremors, and potentially more serious neurological signs. The plant is not listed individually by the ASPCA but the pyrethrin content warrants treating it as mildly to moderately toxic to pets. Avoid growing where pets can freely graze on it. |
| Dalmatian Cranesbill | Geranium dalmaticum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance; the RHS and ASPCA both distinguish this genus from the mildly toxic Pelargonium. |
| Dalstroem's Dragon Orchid | Dracula dalstroemii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dracula belongs to the Orchidaceae family. The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Dracula is not individually assessed by the ASPCA, but shares the family's non-toxic profile. Ingestion of flowers or foliage is not expected to cause serious harm, though mild gastrointestinal discomfort is possible with any plant material. |
| damson | Prunus domestica subsp. insititia | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Prunus (plum) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, stems, and stones contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed, causing panting, dilated pupils, bright-red gums, and shock. The tart ripe flesh is not the hazard — pits and wilted foliage are the danger to grazing pets and livestock. |
| Merryweather damson | Prunus insititia 'Merryweather' | edible | Toxic | Prunus insititia is part of the Prunus genus, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats and horses (Plum and Cherry entries). The leaves, stems and stones contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed, causing brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting and shock. The ripe flesh is eaten by people, but pits and foliage are hazardous to pets. |
| Shropshire damson | Prunus insititia 'Shropshire' | edible | Toxic | Prunus insititia is within the Prunus genus, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats and horses (Plum and Cherry entries). The foliage, stems and stones contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed, producing brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, panting and shock. The ripe flesh is used by people, but pits and leaves are dangerous to pets. |
| Dancing Girl Ginger | Globba winitii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Globba winitii is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. No specific toxic principles have been identified in the literature, but in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA 'Non-Toxic' listing, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Golden Shower Orchid | Oncidium varicosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Oncidium (Dancing Lady) orchids as non-toxic; chewing may cause only mild mechanical GI upset, with no poisonous principle present. |
| Dandelion-leaved sage | Salvia taraxacifolia | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually assessed by ASPCA. As a member of the Salvia genus, which contains volatile monoterpene ketones (including thujone in related species), it is conservatively classified as mildly toxic to cats and dogs. Possible symptoms include mild gastrointestinal upset or lethargy if large quantities are ingested. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Danford iris | Iris danfordiae | flowering | Toxic | The Iris genus is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Iris danfordiae contains irisin, terpenoids, and quinones, primarily concentrated in the bulb. Ingestion causes vomiting, salivation, drooling, diarrhoea, and lethargy. Contact a veterinarian promptly if ingestion is suspected. |
| Danica Globe Arborvitae | Thuja occidentalis 'Danica' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thuja occidentalis (arborvitae) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses on the ASPCA Non-Toxic Plant list. Ingestion of plant material may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals, but it is not considered a toxic plant. |
| Danvers Carrot | Daucus carota 'Danvers' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daucus carota (carrot) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. All parts of the Danvers carrot — roots, tops, and seeds — are safe for humans and pets. |
| Danvers carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Danvers 126' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The cultivated carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is not flagged as toxic on the ASPCA database, and carrot root is widely recognised by veterinarians as a safe, low-calorie treat for dogs and cats. Feed in moderation; the foliage contains psoralens that can rarely cause mild skin sensitivity on handling. |
| garland daphne | Daphne cneorum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Daphne as toxic to dogs and cats. All parts of garland daphne contain daphnetoxin and mezerein, which cause severe oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain on ingestion. Keep pets away and seek veterinary care immediately if any part is eaten. |
| spurge laurel | Daphne laureola | flowering | Toxic | Highly poisonous. While Daphne laureola is not individually listed by the ASPCA, the genus Daphne is well documented as toxic to dogs, cats, horses and people. All parts, especially the berries, sap and twigs, contain the diterpene resin mezerein plus coumarin glycosides (daphnin); ingestion causes intense mouth and throat irritation, drooling, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and, in severe cases, collapse. The sap also irritates skin. Wear gloves when handling and contact a vet immediately if a pet eats any part. |
| February daphne | Daphne mezereum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Daphne as toxic to dogs and cats, and Daphne mezereum is one of the most poisonous species. All parts, especially the scarlet berries, contain mezerein and daphnetoxin, causing severe blistering of the mouth, drooling, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weakness. As few as a handful of berries can be fatal; seek emergency veterinary care. |
| winter daphne | Daphne odora | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA and the Pet Poison Helpline list Daphne as toxic to dogs and cats. All parts, especially the berries and bark, contain daphnetoxin and mezerein, which cause severe mouth and throat irritation, drooling, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weakness. Ingestion warrants immediate veterinary attention. |
| variegated winter daphne | Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata' | flowering | Toxic | As a Daphne odora cultivar, it is covered by the ASPCA's listing of Daphne as toxic to dogs and cats. All parts contain daphnetoxin and mezerein; ingestion causes severe oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain, and the berries are especially dangerous. Seek veterinary care immediately if eaten. |
| Carol Mackie daphne | Daphne x burkwoodii 'Carol Mackie' | flowering | Toxic | As a Daphne hybrid, 'Carol Mackie' falls under the ASPCA's listing of Daphne as toxic to dogs and cats. All parts contain daphnetoxin and mezerein, causing severe oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain if ingested. Keep pets away and contact a vet immediately if any part is eaten. |
| Darcey Bussell | Rosa 'Darcey Bussell' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Rosa (true roses) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thorns may still cause physical or mouth injury if chewed. Do not confuse with toxic look-alikes named 'rose' such as desert rose (Adenium) or rose of Sharon. |
| Darcy's Sage | Salvia darcyi | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Salvia darcyi is not individually listed; mildly-toxic rating is applied as a precaution since ingestion of any sage foliage may cause transient gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Dark Beauty Heather | Calluna vulgaris 'Dark Beauty' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris cultivars including 'Dark Beauty' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxic principles affecting dogs or cats. |
| Dark Catasetum | Catasetum tenebrosum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catasetum tenebrosum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family has no established toxic compounds in veterinary literature, and no toxicity reports for this species exist. As a general precaution, discourage pets from chewing the flowers or pseudobulbs. |
| dark form scindapsus | Scindapsus treubii | houseplant | Toxic | Scindapsus treubii belongs to the Araceae family and, like Scindapsus pictus (listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses), contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral irritation, burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in pets and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA under this species name, but shares the same toxic mechanism as related Scindapsus species. |
| Dark Green Ceratozamia | Ceratozamia fuscoviridis | tropical | Toxic | All Ceratozamia species are cycads in the family Zamiaceae and contain cycasin and related neurotoxins that cause liver failure and can be fatal to dogs, cats, and horses. The ASPCA lists cycads as toxic to pets. Seeds and cones contain the highest toxin concentration, but all parts including leaves, stem, and roots are hazardous. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| Dark Mullein | Verbascum nigrum | herb | Mildly toxic | Verbascum nigrum is not individually listed on ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists. Like other Verbascum species, it contains iridoid glycosides and aucubin, and seeds contain rotenone-related compounds. Mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if ingested in quantity by pets or people. Traditional use of the flowers in herbal tea preparations exists, but raw plant material should not be consumed without professional guidance. Regarded as low overall toxicity risk. |
| Dark pitcher plant | Nepenthes fusca | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Specialist carnivorous plant sources report no significant toxicity to cats or dogs, but because no formal ASPCA listing exists, this record uses 'mildly-toxic' as the conservative precautionary classification. Mild digestive upset is possible if large quantities of plant material are ingested. |
| Dark Velvet Kohleria | Kohleria 'Dark Velvet' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohleria lindeniana (Tree Gloxinia) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by ASPCA. The genus Kohleria has no documented toxic principles, and the ASPCA's non-toxic classification for the genus supports a pet-safe rating for 'Dark Velvet'. Prevent ingestion as a standard precaution. |
| Dark-purple Primulina | Primulina atropurpurea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina atropurpurea is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; the genus Primulina as a whole lacks a definitive ASPCA safety classification, so mildly-toxic is the appropriate precautionary rating. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Darley Dale heath | Erica x darleyensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica x darleyensis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in the Erica genus for dogs, cats, or horses. Darley Dale heath is one of the most commonly planted garden heathers in the UK and is considered safe around pets. |
| Darley Dale Heath | Erica x darleyensis 'Furzey' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica species are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs and are generally considered non-toxic; no significant toxic principle has been identified in this genus. |
| Darwin's barberry | Berberis darwinii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains berberine alkaloids throughout the plant. Berries are mildly toxic to dogs and cats if consumed in quantity, potentially causing gastrointestinal upset. ASPCA does not individually list Berberis darwinii, but Berberis species are generally considered mildly toxic to pets due to berberine content. |
| Darwin's Slipper | Calceolaria uniflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calceolaria uniflora is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database, and no published toxicological studies exist for this species. It is classified here as mildly-toxic as a conservative precaution. Contact a veterinarian if a pet is suspected of ingesting any part of the plant. |
| Darwin's Slipper Plant | Calceolaria darwinii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calceolaria darwinii (syn. Calceolaria uniflora) is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. No published toxicological data exists for this species; it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion by a pet is suspected. |
| David viburnum | Viburnum davidii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viburnum species are not individually listed as toxic by ASPCA, but the berries of many viburnums can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) if ingested in quantity by dogs or cats. The genus is generally considered low-toxicity but not confirmed pet-safe; exercise caution. |
| Dove Tree | Davidia involucrata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Davidia involucrata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No specific toxic principle is documented, but as with most ornamental trees, ingestion of foliage or fruit may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Gold Rush dawn redwood | Metasequoia glyptostroboides 'Gold Rush' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Metasequoia glyptostroboides is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Secondary horticultural sources describe dawn redwood as non-toxic, but without an ASPCA listing this cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet eats any part. |
| Ogon dawn redwood | Metasequoia glyptostroboides 'Ogon' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Metasequoia glyptostroboides is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Secondary horticultural sources call dawn redwood non-toxic, but in the absence of an ASPCA listing this is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Dawn Redwood Bonsai | Metasequoia glyptostroboides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Metasequoia glyptostroboides is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so no confirmed non-toxic status exists. As an unlisted tree of uncertain stance, treat with caution — ingesting plant foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. Keep fallen needles and prunings away from pets and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Dawn viburnum | Viburnum × bodnantense 'Dawn' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viburnum × bodnantense is not individually listed by ASPCA. Viburnum berries and foliage are generally considered low-toxicity but may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if ingested. Not confirmed pet-safe; keep curious pets away from berries. |
| Day-blooming Jasmine | Cestrum diurnum | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Cestrum diurnum are severely toxic to pets, livestock, and humans. It is one of the few plants that contains a glycoside of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (an active form of vitamin D3), which upon digestion causes hypercalcaemia and progressive calcification of soft tissues including tendons, liver, and arteries in animals. Toxic to cattle, horses, and other grazing animals. CSU Veterinary Poison Center lists it as a significant toxicological concern. Keep away from all pets and children. |
| day lily | Hemerocallis spp. | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hemerocallis spp. (daylilies) as toxic, and like true lilies they cause acute kidney failure in cats from even a small ingestion of any part, including pollen — often fatal if not treated within about 18 hours. Daylilies are not botanically lilies, but the risk to cats is the same. Dogs typically get milder stomach upset. Any feline exposure is an emergency: call your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center on (888) 426-4435 right away. |
| Dazzler cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Dazzler' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No significant toxic principles are present. Very large ingestions may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation due to sesquiterpene lactones but the plant is not considered dangerous to pets. |
| Debao Cycad | Cycas debaoensis | tropical | Toxic | All Cycas species contain cycasin and BMAA neurotoxins, which are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The ASPCA lists Cycas (Sago Palm) as toxic to pets — ingestion causes vomiting, liver failure, and is potentially fatal. Seeds are the most dangerous part but all tissues are hazardous. Immediate emergency veterinary treatment is essential after any suspected ingestion. |
| Debbie | xGraptoveria 'Debbie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Its parent genera, Graptopetalum and Echeveria, are both ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this hybrid is considered pet-safe. Mild mechanical stomach upset is still possible if a pet eats a quantity of leaves, so discourage chewing. |
| Gibraltar exbury azalea | Rhododendron 'Gibraltar' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rhododendron spp.; azaleas are within this genus). All parts contain grayanotoxins, which impair nerve, muscle, and cardiac function. Ingestion of even a few leaves can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, hypotension, CNS depression and, in severe cases, death. |
| deer grass | Muhlenbergia rigens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Muhlenbergia rigens is a member of the grass family Poaceae. Grasses contain no known toxic principles for dogs or cats, and Muhlenbergia species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Safe for pets and wildlife. |
| Degroot's Spire | Thuja occidentalis 'Degroot's Spire' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja occidentalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and essential oil contain thujone, which in sufficient quantity can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and potentially neurological signs in dogs and cats. Prevent ingestion and monitor pets that chew it. |
| sweet potato squash | Cucurbita pepo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita species are not listed by the ASPCA. Safe around cats and dogs. |
| Delicata Squash | Cucurbita pepo 'Delicata' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita pepo (squash) fruit and flesh are not toxic to dogs or cats. The plant's leaves and stems have fine bristly hairs that may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive animals. Uncooked seeds in large quantities can cause mild digestive upset. |
| Delicate Air Plant | Tillandsia mallemontii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this species; incidental chewing may cause mild stomach upset purely from plant matter ingestion. |
| Delicious begonia | Begonia deliciosa | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated especially in underground parts. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting. |
| Black Knight delphinium | Delphinium elatum 'Black Knight' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is diterpene alkaloids; clinical signs include drooling, colic, constipation, muscle tremors, stiffness, weakness and convulsions, with possible cardiac failure or fatal respiratory paralysis in large ingestions. Young growth and seeds are most potent. |
| Galahad delphinium | Delphinium elatum 'Galahad' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is diterpene alkaloids; signs include increased salivation, colic, constipation, muscle tremors, stiffness, weakness, recumbency and convulsions, with potential cardiac failure or fatal respiratory paralysis in large ingestions. Young foliage and seeds are most toxic. |
| Dwarf delphinium | Delphinium elatum 'Magic Fountains' | flowering | Toxic | As a Delphinium cultivar it carries the genus toxicity; the ASPCA lists Delphinium (larkspur) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is diterpenoid alkaloids, highest in young foliage and seeds; ingestion can cause drooling, colic/constipation, muscle tremors, stiffness, weakness, neuromuscular paralysis and possible cardiac or respiratory failure. Keep pets away. |
| Larkspur | Delphinium elatum 'Pacific Giant' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-lists Delphinium (larkspur) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is diterpenoid (diterpene) alkaloids, concentrated in young growth and seeds; ingestion can cause drooling, constipation/colic, muscle tremors, stiffness, weakness, neuromuscular paralysis and, in severe cases, cardiac or respiratory failure. Keep pets away. |
| Blue Butterfly delphinium | Delphinium grandiflorum 'Blue Butterfly' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Delphinium species). The toxic principle is diterpene alkaloids; signs include salivation, colic, constipation, muscle tremors, stiffness, weakness and convulsions, with possible cardiac failure or fatal respiratory paralysis in large ingestions. Seeds and young growth are most potent. |
| Delta Pure White pansy | Viola × wittrockiana 'Delta Premium Pure White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola wittrockiana (pansy) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. All parts of the plant are considered safe, though large ingestions may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in some individuals. |
| Sweet Fragrant Dendrobium | Dendrobium 'Berry Oda' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The orchid family (Orchidaceae), including Dendrobium, is classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic; nibbling may still cause mild, mechanical stomach upset, but no poisonous principle is present. |
| Emma White Dendrobium | Dendrobium 'Emma White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Dendrobium orchids (e.g., Dendrobium gracilicaule, Leopard Orchid) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the genus — including hybrids like 'Emma White' — has no documented toxic principle. Curious nibbling may still cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, and rinse off any chemical residues from newly bought plants. |
| Loddiges' Dendrobium | Dendrobium loddigesii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Dendrobium orchids (e.g., Dendrobium gracilicaule, Leopard Orchid) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the genus has no documented toxic principle. Ingesting plant material may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset, and any pesticide or fertiliser residue on a new plant should be rinsed off. |
| nobile orchid | Dendrobium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dendrobium species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. |
| Cooktown Orchid | Dendrobium phalaenopsis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Dendrobium orchids (e.g., Dendrobium gracilicaule, Leopard Orchid) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the genus carries no documented toxic principle. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset, and watch for chemical residues on shop-bought plants. |
| Cobb's Dendrochilum | Dendrochilum cobbianum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Dendrochilum is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Thread-like Dendrochilum | Dendrochilum filiforme | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Dendrochilum is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Chain Orchid | Dendrochilum glumaceum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Dendrochilum is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Denison's Vanda | Vanda denisoniana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vanda denisoniana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and has no known toxic principles. Related Vanda species evaluated by the ASPCA are classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Discourage pets from chewing on plant material as a general precaution. |
| dense ginger lily | Hedychium densiflorum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hedychium densiflorum is not individually listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. The rhizomes and sap of Hedychium species contain irritant compounds including saponins; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. Classified as mildly toxic on the precautionary principle. |
| Dense Trichodiadema | Trichodiadema densum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trichodiadema is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the Aizoaceae family, which has no reported toxic principle to mammals. ASPCA lists the related Aizoaceae ice plant (Lampranthus piquet) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compound has been identified in Trichodiadema densum. Consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Dense-flowered Mullein | Verbascum densiflorum | herb | Mildly toxic | Verbascum species are not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA, but the whole plant contains saponins and iridoid glycosides that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or people. The dense woolly hairs may also cause skin irritation on contact. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution; not considered severely hazardous. |
| Dense-flowered Pachypodium | Pachypodium densiflorum | tropical | Toxic | Member of family Apocynaceae. The milky latex sap contains toxic alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Ingestion causes gastrointestinal distress and potential cardiovascular effects in dogs, cats, and humans. Pachypodium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but its Apocynaceae family members — Adenium, Nerium oleander, Plumeria — are well-established pet toxins; treat P. densiflorum with the same level of caution. |
| Dense-leaf wax plant | Hoya densifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with specific entries for Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No Hoya species appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list. Ingestion of large amounts of any plant matter may cause mild, temporary stomach upset in pets. |
| Densiformis Yew | Taxus x media 'Densiformis' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Taxus (yew) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is taxine alkaloids; ingestion can cause tremors, difficulty breathing, seizures and sudden death from acute cardiac failure. Only the fleshy red aril is non-toxic — foliage, bark and seeds are all dangerous. Keep clippings away from pets and livestock. |
| Deodar Cedar | Cedrus deodara | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Cedrus deodara (Deodar Cedar) as toxic to dogs and cats; effects include vomiting and skin irritation. Classified as mildly toxic. The essential oils in foliage and bark can cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested in significant quantities. |
| Karl Fuchs deodar cedar | Cedrus deodara 'Karl Fuchs' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cedrus deodara is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Eating needles or cones may cause mild stomach upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea in cats and dogs, and the aromatic oils can irritate skin. |
| Silvery Glade Fern | Deparia acrostichoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True ferns, including spleenworts, are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Deparia (formerly grouped with the spleenworts) is not individually listed but falls within this non-toxic fern group. Ingesting large amounts may cause minor, temporary GI upset. |
| Derby sundew | Drosera derbyensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera derbyensis is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The Drosera genus is not documented to contain systemic toxins; the plant is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Desdemona ligularia | Ligularia dentata 'Desdemona' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ligularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like its relative ragwort (Senecio), Ligularia contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, so it should be regarded as potentially harmful — keep pets and livestock from grazing on it and seek veterinary advice if a meaningful amount is eaten. |
| Desert Bromeliad | Hechtia glomerata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hechtia is in the Bromeliaceae family, broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hechtia glomerata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are documented for this genus. The fiercely sharp, recurved leaf spines present a serious physical hazard to pets and handlers; use thick gloves when handling. |
| Desert Privet Peperomia | Peperomia magnoliifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to both cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles; accidental ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset at most. |
| Desert rose | Adenium obesum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists desert rose (Adenium obesum, family Apocynaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. It contains cardiac glycosides; the milky sap and all plant parts can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and dangerous irregular heart rhythm, with severe ingestion potentially fatal. |
| Desertnyi pomegranate | Punica granatum 'Desertnyi' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be labelled confirmed pet-safe. The edible arils are generally considered non-toxic, but ASPCA APCC veterinarians have noted the leaves and bark may contain alkaloids, and the firm seeds and rind can cause GI upset or obstruction. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Deshojo Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Deshojo' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Acer palmatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its safety is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The genus member Acer rubrum (red maple) is notably toxic to horses, while A. palmatum is generally considered low-risk to cats and dogs but lacks an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Detroit Dark Red beet | Beta vulgaris 'Detroit Dark Red' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). Beets (Beta vulgaris) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. The large mature leaves contain oxalic acid, so feed greens only in moderation; cooked root in small amounts is fine as an occasional treat. |
| Deutschland astilbe | Astilbe japonica 'Deutschland' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Astilbe is commonly described as low-risk, but without a specific ASPCA listing it is prudent to prevent ingestion, which could cause mild stomach upset. |
| Slender Deutzia | Deutzia gracilis 'Nikko' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Deutzia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| slender deutzia | Deutzia gracilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Deutzia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| fuzzy deutzia Plena | Deutzia scabra 'Plena' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Deutzia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rosealind deutzia | Deutzia x elegantissima 'Rosealind' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Deutzia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Devil's-bit Scabious | Succisa pratensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Succisa pratensis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed cases of toxicity to cats or dogs are documented in the veterinary literature; rated mildly-toxic as a precautionary classification given the lack of formal ASPCA evaluation. |
| DeVoss Codonanthe | Codonanthe devosiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Codonanthe devosiana is a member of Gesneriaceae. The gesneriad family has no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. Codonanthe is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been reported for the genus, and the decorative orange berries have no documented toxicity. |
| dewberry | Rubus caesius | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rubus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA lists Creeping Rubus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses). The fruit and foliage are not poisonous; the only practical cautions are scratches from the prickly stems and mild stomach upset if a pet eats large amounts of leaves. |
| Deyke's wax plant | Hoya deykeae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, citing both Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic with no known toxic principles. Hoya deykeae is not listed individually but belongs to this genus. Ingesting large amounts of any plant material may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Diaguita Air Plant | Tillandsia diaguitensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. T. diaguitensis contains no known toxic principles; the stiff, scale-covered leaves are unlikely to be palatable to most pets. |
| Diamond Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum trapeziforme | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Adiantum trapeziforme follows the same non-toxic profile and is safe for households with cats and dogs. |
| Diana Clare lungwort | Pulmonaria 'Diana Clare' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; Pulmonaria contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and saponins (classes the ASPCA flags as toxic) and bristly trichomes may irritate skin. Treat with caution and verify with a vet — do not assume pet-safe. |
| Diane's Gold Siberian bugloss | Brunnera macrophylla 'Diane's Gold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Brunnera belongs to the borage family (Boraginaceae), which can contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, so ingestion may cause stomach upset and should be avoided. |
| Doris pink | Dianthus 'Doris' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs: Dianthus is classed under Pinks (and Carnation), with an unknown irritant as the toxic principle. Reported clinical signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis on contact. Keep pets from grazing the foliage and flowers. |
| Mrs Sinkins pink | Dianthus 'Mrs Sinkins' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs: Dianthus is classed under Pinks (and Carnation), with an unknown irritant as the toxic principle. Clinical signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis on contact. Keep pets from chewing the foliage and flowers. |
| Maiden pink | Dianthus deltoides | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs: Dianthus falls under Pinks, with an unknown irritant as the toxic principle. Clinical signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis on skin contact. Discourage pets from chewing the foliage and flowers. |
| Firewitch Cheddar pink | Dianthus gratianopolitanus 'Firewitch' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs: Dianthus is classed under Pinks, with an unknown irritant as the toxic principle. Reported signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis on contact. Keep pets from grazing the cushion of foliage and flowers. |
| Diapensia-like saxifrage | Saxifraga diapensioides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Wink Coral Pink Diascia | Diascia × hybrida 'Wink Coral Pink' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Diascia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and carries no recognised toxic principle; twinspur is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. As it is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat as pet-safe but unconfirmed, with at most mild stomach upset expected if foliage is eaten. |
| Piccadilly Diascia | Diascia barberae 'Piccadilly' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Diascia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and has no recognised toxic principle; twinspur is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As it is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat as pet-safe but unconfirmed, and expect only mild stomach upset if foliage is eaten in quantity. |
| Luxuriant fringed bleeding heart | Dicentra formosa 'Luxuriant' | flowering | Toxic | Dicentra (bleeding heart) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, trembling and staggering; large amounts may cause seizures. Handling foliage may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive people. |
| Dickie's Bladder Fern | Cystopteris dickieana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cystopteris dickieana is a true fern and is not specifically listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. True ferns in this family are generally regarded as non-toxic to pets, though eating large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Uruguayan firecracker plant | Dicliptera suberecta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Dicliptera suberecta is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus Dicliptera is unlisted. Without authoritative ASPCA non-toxic confirmation, treat it as uncertain and potentially mildly toxic; keep it away from pets and consult a vet if any is eaten. |
| Didier's Angraecum | Angraecum didieri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Angraecum is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principle is documented for the genus or for the broader Vandeae tribe of orchids. The Orchidaceae family is widely regarded as non-toxic to pets. As a standard precaution, prevent pets from chewing the plant. |
| single-flowered didissandra | Didissandra uniflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Didissandra is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although several mainstream gesneriads are ASPCA non-toxic, this rarely cultivated genus has no specific ASPCA entry, so treat it as uncertain, keep it away from pets, and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe rather than relying on family-level inference. |
| dumb cane | Dieffenbachia seguine | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalates and proteolytic enzymes. Sap causes severe oral pain, drooling, swelling, and rarely airway obstruction. Keep well away from pets and children. |
| Camille Dumb Cane | Dieffenbachia seguine 'Camille' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate raphides are the toxic principle; chewing causes immediate oral pain and burning, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and trouble swallowing, with possible oral swelling. Keep out of reach of pets and children and wash hands after pruning. |
| Compact Dumb Cane | Dieffenbachia seguine 'Compacta' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing any part causes burning oral pain, profuse drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing, occasionally with significant oral swelling. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling cut stems. |
| Tropic Snow Dumb Cane | Dieffenbachia seguine 'Tropic Snow' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing releases needle-like crystals causing intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Severe oral or airway swelling is possible. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling sap. |
| Amy dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Amy' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing, with possible mouth and tongue swelling. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Exotica dumb cane | Dieffenbachia maculata 'Exotica' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Dieffenbachia contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, drooling, pain, oral swelling and difficulty swallowing, and vomiting. Keep away from pets and children and wear gloves when handling cut stems. |
| Memoria Corsii dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Memoria Corsii' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Dieffenbachia contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, burning and swelling of the mouth, drooling, pain, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Wear gloves with cut stems and keep away from pets and children. |
| Reflector dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Reflector' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia (dumb cane) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates; chewing causes intense oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing — the swelling can temporarily impair speech (hence 'dumb cane'). Keep well away from pets and children, and wash hands after handling the sap. |
| Sparkles dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Sparkles' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia (dumb cane) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals plus proteolytic enzymes; chewing causes severe oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep this plant out of reach of pets and children. |
| Sterling dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Sterling' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Dieffenbachia contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, swelling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Handle cut stems with gloves and keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Tropic Marianne dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Tropic Marianne' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dieffenbachia (dumb cane) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and proteolytic enzymes; chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and oral swelling that can temporarily impair speech or swallowing—hence 'dumb cane'. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Camelot Cream foxglove | Digitalis purpurea 'Camelot Cream' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The ASPCA classifies foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) as toxic; all parts contain cardiac glycosides such as digitoxin that disrupt heart rhythm. Signs include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, abnormal heart rate and rhythm, collapse and possible death. Keep pets away and seek veterinary help immediately if ingested. |
| common dill | Anethum graveolens | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Anethum graveolens is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe for cats and dogs in moderation. |
| Dilys Cranesbill | Geranium 'Dilys' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plants database; the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' entry refers to Pelargonium (containing linalool and geraniol), a completely separate genus. Geranium 'Dilys' as a true cranesbill is consistently cited as non-toxic to cats and dogs by veterinary and horticultural authorities. |
| Dimpled Trout Lily | Erythronium umbilicatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium is not listed as a toxic genus by the ASPCA, which explicitly identifies it as a non-dangerous member of the lily family (unlike Lilium and Hemerocallis). No specific toxic principle documented; classified mildly-toxic rather than pet-safe as a precaution, as bulb contact may cause skin irritation. |
| Dinnerplate dahlia | Dahlia 'Café au Lait' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, classified as mildly toxic. Toxic principle is unknown; reported clinical signs are mild gastrointestinal upset and mild dermatitis (skin irritation). Keep tubers and plants away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| Dinter's Eye Plant | Ophthalmophyllum dinteri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ophthalmophyllum (now sometimes reclassified within Conophytum) belongs to the family Aizoaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Aizoaceae mesembs have no known toxic compounds for pets or people. Low risk; mild stomach upset if ingested. |
| living pebble | Dinteranthus microspermus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Dinteranthus (Dinteranthus vanzylii, family Aizoaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with toxic principle recorded as none. As a genus-level ASPCA entry, this covers D. microspermus. Even non-toxic plants can cause mild stomach upset if a pet eats a large amount. |
| pole-evans stone plant | Dinteranthus pole-evansii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Dinteranthus (Dinteranthus vanzylii, family Aizoaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principle. This genus-level ASPCA entry covers D. pole-evansii. As with any plant, eating a large amount could still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| hairy dinteranthus | Dinteranthus puberulus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Dinteranthus (Dinteranthus vanzylii, family Aizoaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principle recorded. This genus-level ASPCA entry covers D. puberulus. Even so, ingestion of a large quantity of any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| van zyl's stone plant | Dinteranthus vanzylii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Dinteranthus by this exact species, Dinteranthus vanzylii (family Aizoaceae), as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principle. As always, a pet eating a large amount of any plant may experience mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Red Dragon flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Akai Ryu' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (Venus flytrap, Dionaea muscipula); the Red Dragon cultivar shares this classification. Per the ASPCA, ingestion may cause at most mild gastrointestinal upset, so it is considered safe, but the delicate traps are best kept out of a pet's reach to protect the plant. |
| B52 Venus flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'B52' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (Venus flytrap, Dionaea muscipula); this giant cultivar shares that classification. The ASPCA notes ingestion may cause at most mild gastrointestinal upset, so it is considered safe, though the plant is fragile and best kept where pets cannot damage it. |
| Cupped Trap Venus Flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Cupped Trap' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Venus Fly Trap (Dionaea muscipula) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Nibbling may cause only mild, transient gastrointestinal upset from the fibrous tissue; the traps cannot harm a pet's mouth. Keep out of reach mainly to protect the plant. |
| Dentate Traps Venus Flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Dentate Traps' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (Venus Fly Trap, Dionaea muscipula). There is no toxic principle; ingestion may cause at most mild stomach upset, and the chief concern is damage to the delicate plant rather than harm to the pet. |
| Red Dragon Venus Flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Red Dragon' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (Venus Fly Trap, Dionaea muscipula). Chewing may cause at most mild gastrointestinal upset, and there is no toxic principle; the main risk is to the fragile plant rather than the pet. |
| Mejia's cycad | Dioon mejiae | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies cycads (Cycas and Zamia spp.) as toxic; as a true cycad, Dioon mejiae contains cycasin and related glycosides. All parts, especially the seeds, can cause vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure and death. Keep well away from pets and seek a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Dioscorides' Arum | Arum dioscoridis | flowering | Toxic | All Arum species contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides and are confirmed toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (ASPCA lists the genus 'Arum' as toxic). Ingestion causes intense burning and irritation of the mouth and throat, drooling, swelling, and vomiting. The spathe and berries are especially concentrated. Handle with gloves — sap can cause skin irritation. |
| Dipladenia | Dipladenia sanderi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Dipladenia sanderi is now classified within Mandevilla (family Apocynaceae). All parts contain milky sap with compounds that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and drooling in dogs and cats if ingested. Sap may also cause contact dermatitis. Keep away from pets and children. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Dipladenia | Mandevilla spp. | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Three-petalled Disa | Disa tripetaloides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Disa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Orchidaceae is broadly considered non-toxic and the ASPCA classifies representative orchids (Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Large nibbles may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; verify with a vet if your pet is unusually sensitive. |
| Pride of Table Mountain | Disa uniflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Disa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the orchid family (Orchidaceae) is broadly regarded as non-toxic and the ASPCA lists representative orchids (Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. As with any plant, nibbling may cause minor stomach upset; if your pet has a sensitive history, verify with a vet. |
| Ant Plant Dischidia | Dischidia imbricata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dischidia imbricata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the Dischidia genus has no blanket ASPCA classification, so its safety is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assume it is pet-safe. Ingestion of unlisted plants may cause mild stomach upset, so keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Ant Plant | Dischidia major | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dischidia major is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the Dischidia genus carries no published ASPCA classification, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. Ingestion of unlisted plants can cause mild stomach upset, so keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Flat-leaf Dischidia | Dischidia platyphylla | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dischidia platyphylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus has no published ASPCA toxicity classification, so its pet safety is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. As with any unlisted plant, chewing may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so keep it away from pets. |
| Million Hearts | Dischidia ruscifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dischidia ruscifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It belongs to the Apocynaceae (milkweed/dogbane family) alongside Hoya, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic, but as this species is not itself ASPCA-classified, treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Variegated Million Hearts | Dischidia ruscifolia 'Variegata' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dischidia ruscifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus is not blanket-classified, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. As with any unlisted plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so keep trailing strands away from pets that chew. |
| Dischor wax plant | Hoya dischorensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with specific entries for Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya). Hoya dischorensis is not listed individually, but no Hoya species appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list. As always, ingesting any plant in large quantities may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Discovery apple | Malus domestica 'Discovery' | edible | Toxic | The fruit flesh is edible and safe, but the ASPCA lists apple (Malus) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses because the stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, particularly when wilting. Significant ingestion can cause brick-red gums, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing and shock; keep pets from chewing prunings and seeds. |
| Silver staghorn | Platycerium veitchii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the staghorn fern genus Platycerium as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Platycerium bifurcatum and Platycerium alcicorne are both individually listed non-toxic). Non-toxic per ASPCA; eating large quantities may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| German Empress Cactus | Disocactus phyllanthoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Disocactus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its close epiphytic relative Schlumbergera (Christmas Cactus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic and Cactaceae have no recognised toxic principle, but because this genus is not specifically confirmed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. The stems are essentially spineless so physical risk is minimal, yet ingestion of plant tissue may still cause mild GI upset. |
| Dittany of Crete | Origanum dictamnus | herb | Toxic | Origanum dictamnus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its relative Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is classified toxic to cats and dogs from gastrointestinal irritants in its essential oils. Treat this Origanum with the same caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Diversifolia wax plant | Hoya diversifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya diversifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the Hoya genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa) and Sweetheart Hoya (Hoya kerrii) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no Hoya species listed as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe; as always, verify with your vet and discourage pets from chewing foliage, since any plant matter can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Divisilobum Soft Shield Fern | Polystichum setiferum 'Divisilobum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum setiferum is a true fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. True ferns of this family are not known to contain toxic principles harmful to cats or dogs. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but consistent with the non-toxic classification for true ferns. |
| Dodson's Lepanthes | Lepanthes dodsonii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lepanthes belongs to Orchidaceae, a family classified by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Lepanthes dodsonii is not individually listed, but no toxic principle is known for this genus or family. |
| Doerfler's Thyme | Thymus doerfleri | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus (thyme) species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Thymus doerfleri belongs to the same genus and shares this safety profile. |
| Dog Rose | Rosa canina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Rosa species as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The hips and petals are edible to humans and wildlife. No toxic principles are identified in the genus, though the hooked thorns can cause mechanical injury to pets that brush against the canes. |
| Dog's Tooth Violet | Erythronium dens-canis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium dens-canis is not individually listed by ASPCA. The corms and foliage contain alkaloids (colchicine-related compounds have been reported in some Erythronium species); ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans. Treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Common Dogwood | Cornus sanguinea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cornus sanguinea is not listed by ASPCA as highly toxic, but the berries and plant sap contain glycosides and saponins that may cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs if consumed. Classified as mildly toxic — contact your vet if a pet ingests significant quantities of berries. |
| Eddie's White Wonder dogwood | Cornus 'Eddie's White Wonder' | flowering | Mildly toxic | This Cornus hybrid is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and the genus Cornus is not ASPCA-confirmed; dogwoods are broadly regarded as non-toxic, but treat as uncertain and verify with a vet. The berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Blackcurrant heuchera | Heuchera 'Dolce Blackcurrant' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Heuchera/coral bells, also listed as alumroot). As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Dollbaby miniature gloxinia | Sinningia 'Dollbaby' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) is classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for any member of the gesneriad family. |
| Don Juan Rose | Rosa 'Don Juan' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species, family Rosaceae, no toxic principle identified). The thorns are a physical hazard only; keep low canes away from pet pathways. |
| Doña Aurora | Mussaenda philippica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mussaenda philippica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Mussaenda (Rubiaceae) has no confirmed severe toxic principle and multiple horticultural sources describe it as non-toxic. However, as a Rubiaceae member without confirmed ASPCA listing, caution is warranted—some family members (e.g., Gardenia) are listed as mildly toxic. Keep away from pets and contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Dorothy's Living Stones | Lithops dorotheae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops species are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for this genus. |
| Dotted Blazing Star | Liatris punctata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Liatris punctata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for this species. The roots were used medicinally by Plains Indigenous nations, and the plant is considered safe for wildlife and domestic pets. |
| Dotted Neoregelia | Neoregelia punctatissima | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known in this genus; mild gastrointestinal upset from ingesting plant material is possible but no systemic toxicity is expected. |
| Dotted peperomia | Peperomia punctulata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia species (family Piperaceae) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no identified toxic principle. Eating large amounts of plant material may produce transient, mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive pets simply due to bulk fibre, but no recognised toxin is present. |
| Double Angel's Trumpet | Brugmansia suaveolens 'Plena' | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. All parts of Brugmansia suaveolens 'Plena' — including leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and roots — contain tropane alkaloids: scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine. These are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. ASPCA lists Brugmansia (angel's trumpets) as toxic. Ingestion of any part can cause anticholinergic toxidrome — dry mouth, dilated pupils, tachycardia, hallucinations, seizures, and death. Seek immediate medical or veterinary attention if ingested. |
| Double Bloodroot | Sanguinaria canadensis 'Multiplex' | flowering | Toxic | Identical toxicity profile to the species. Contains sanguinarine and related alkaloids in all parts, especially the rhizome. Toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. ASPCA lists Sanguinaria canadensis as toxic to dogs and cats. The orange-red sap is a skin and mucous membrane irritant; wear gloves when handling rhizomes. |
| Double Click Snow Puff cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Double Click Snow Puff' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses, and is generally regarded as non-toxic. |
| Double Delight Rose | Rosa 'Double Delight' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Rosa). The cultivar carries no toxic compounds; thorns are the only physical hazard. |
| Double King Cup | Caltha palustris 'Multiplex' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Caltha palustris 'Multiplex', like all Caltha palustris cultivars, contains protoanemonin when bruised — a lachrymatory irritant causing mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting, and diarrhoea in pets and humans if ingested in quantity. The Dogs Trust includes the species on its harmful plants list. Wear gloves when handling. Not individually listed by the ASPCA but the genus irritant is well established. |
| Double Knock Out | Rosa 'Double Knock Out' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; true Rosa cultivars are non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The only real concerns are thorn injuries and mild digestive upset if a pet eats a lot of foliage. |
| Double Marsh Marigold | Caltha palustris 'Flore Pleno' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Caltha palustris contains protoanemonin, a lachrymatory irritant produced when the plant is bruised or chewed. All parts are considered mildly toxic to pets and humans if ingested in quantity — causing mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting, and diarrhoea. The Dogs Trust lists it as harmful if eaten in quantity. Wear gloves when handling and keep pets from grazing on it. Not listed individually by the ASPCA. |
| Double Pink Oleander | Nerium oleander 'Mrs. Roeding' | flowering | Toxic | Nerium oleander is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All plant parts — leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and roots — contain cardiac glycosides (oleandrin, neriine, digitoxigenin) that inhibit sodium/potassium ATPase, causing life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, and electrolyte disturbances. Ingestion of even small quantities can be fatal in pets and children. Smoke from burning plant material is also toxic. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Double Pinwheel Flower | Tabernaemontana divaricata 'Flore Pleno' | tropical | Toxic | Shares the same alkaloid toxicity profile as the species Tabernaemontana divaricata — all plant parts, including the milky latex, stem, leaves, and seeds, contain toxic ibogamine-type alkaloids. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus and Apocynaceae family are recognised as toxic. Treat as toxic to cats, dogs, and children. Latex causes skin and eye irritation on contact. |
| Double-flowered bloodroot | Sanguinaria canadensis 'Multiplex' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Sanguinaria canadensis contain isoquinoline alkaloids, principally sanguinarine and chelerythrine. The ASPCA and the Pet Poison Helpline list bloodroot as toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion can cause excessive salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and in severe cases dilated pupils, dizziness, and cardiac effects. The orange-red rhizome sap is most concentrated in toxins; seek veterinary attention immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Double-flowered Chamomile | Chamaemelum nobile 'Flore Pleno' | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. This is a cultivar of Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), which the ASPCA classifies as toxic; toxic principles include volatile oil, bisabolol, chamazulene, anthemic acid, and tannic acid. Signs include contact dermatitis, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, and allergic reactions. |
| doublefile viburnum | Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viburnum plicatum is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. However, as with most viburnums, berries and foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity. The berries, while attractive to birds, are not considered safe food for humans or pets. Treat with appropriate caution. |
| Doublefile Viburnum | Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum 'Mariesii' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Viburnum (Black Haw, V. lentago) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and Viburnum is not flagged as a toxic genus; this ornamental form is regarded as pet-safe on that basis. As with any plant, nibbling foliage or fruit may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset, so discourage grazing. |
| Douglas Fir | Pseudotsuga menziesii | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas Fir) as toxic to dogs and cats, with reported effects including salivation, vomiting, and diarrhoea if foliage or bark is ingested. Classified as mildly toxic; serious toxicity is uncommon but keep pets from chewing foliage. |
| Douglas Phlox | Phlox douglasii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox species are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal signs including vomiting and diarrhoea. Not considered severely toxic but contact with a vet is advised if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Douglas's phlox | Phlox douglasii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox douglasii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While Phlox subulata is listed as non-toxic, a confirmed safety designation cannot be extended to all species. Classified as mildly-toxic on a precautionary basis. |
| Douglas's Sinningia | Sinningia douglasii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs; Sinningia douglasii belongs to the same genus and Gesneriaceae family with no known toxic principles recorded. |
| Dove Masdevallia | Masdevallia peristeria | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Masdevallia (Tailed Orchid, Masdevallia spp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Masdevallia peristeria falls within this non-toxic genus assessment and is considered pet-safe for households with cats and dogs. |
| Dove's-Foot Cranesbill | Geranium molle | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The ASPCA's 'Geranium' entry refers to Pelargonium (tender geraniums), not hardy cranesbills. Geranium molle has no known hazards and is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Downy Oak | Quercus pubescens | flowering | Mildly toxic | As with all Quercus species, leaves and acorns contain gallotannins. ASPCA lists oak as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion of large quantities of acorns or young leaves can cause gastrointestinal distress and, in livestock, kidney damage. Casual contact is not harmful, but keep pets and horses away from fallen acorns. |
| Downy painted cup | Castilleja sessiliflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Castilleja sessiliflora is a secondary selenium accumulator: in high-selenium soils it concentrates selenium in leaf and root tissue to potentially toxic levels. ASPCA does not list the genus as definitively safe; ingestion may cause selenium-related symptoms (lethargy, hair loss, hoof/nail changes in livestock, gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats). Keep pets from grazing this plant. |
| Downy Phlox | Phlox pilosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox pilosa is not individually listed by ASPCA, but as a Phlox species it may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by dogs or cats. Not considered severely toxic. The hairy foliage may also cause mild skin irritation on contact in sensitive individuals. Discourage pets from eating the plant as a general precaution. |
| Downy rock jasmine | Androsace pubescens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Androsace pubescens is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. In the absence of confirmed safety data, this species is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. Contact a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Downy Sage | Salvia puberula | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia puberula is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Salvia genus is not a confirmed toxic group, but this species is not cleared as safe either. The velvety glandular hairs and aromatic oils present in the foliage could cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting) in cats or dogs if ingested. |
| downy serviceberry | Amelanchier arborea | edible | Mildly toxic | Amelanchier arborea is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is human-edible, but as a rose-family plant the leaves and seeds can contain cyanogenic compounds, and pet safety is not ASPCA-established, so do not label it pet-safe. |
| Downy wax plant | Hoya pubera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya (wax plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya pubera is regarded as safe in a pet household; as with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild, temporary digestive discomfort. |
| Downy yellow violet | Viola pubescens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola pubescens is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Viola genus is widely listed as non-toxic by veterinary and horticultural authorities; flowers and leaves are edible for humans and have a long culinary history in salads and garnishes. Consuming large quantities of foliage may cause mild stomach upset in sensitive animals. |
| Doyenne du Comice pear | Pyrus communis 'Doyenné du Comice' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe pear flesh is non-toxic to dogs and cats in small amounts. Seeds contain amygdalin (cyanogenic glycoside) and must not be consumed by pets. The ASPCA does not list Pyrus communis as a toxic plant, but cyanide release from crushed seeds poses a risk if consumed in quantity. Serve seedless and coreless pear pieces only. |
| Comice pear | Pyrus communis 'Doyenné du Comice' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pear (Pyrus) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is treated as uncertain — verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Note that, like its close relative apple, pear seeds and foliage contain cyanogenic glycosides; the ripe flesh is generally harmless, but keep prunings, leaves and crushed seeds away from pets. |
| corn plant | Dracaena fragrans / marginata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena species as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Symptoms include vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, and dilated pupils in cats. |
| Janet Craig dracaena | Dracaena fragrans 'Janet Craig' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Dracaena (listed as Dracaena deremensis, common name "Janet Craig Plant") as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets and contact a vet if ingested. |
| Lemon Lime Dracaena | Dracaena fragrans 'Lemon Lime' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dracaena fragrans (Corn Plant), of which 'Lemon Lime' is a cultivar, as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the toxic principle is saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, loss of appetite, drooling, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Song of India | Dracaena reflexa 'Song of India' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dracaena (Dracaena spp.) as toxic to both cats and dogs; the toxic principle is saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, loss of appetite, drooling, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep it out of reach of pets and contact a vet if it is eaten. |
| Large-leafed Dragon Plant | Dracaena aletriformis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the genus Dracaena as toxic, the toxic principle being saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, drooling, loss of appetite, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Tree Dracaena | Dracaena arborea | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies the Dracaena genus, including tree dracaenas, as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, depression, inappetence and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets. |
| Aubry's Dracaena | Dracaena aubryana | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the genus Dracaena as toxic owing to saponins. Signs of ingestion include vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, depression, anorexia, and dilated pupils in cats. Site it away from curious pets. |
| Two-toned Dracaena | Dracaena bicolor | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Dracaena species as toxic, the active principle being saponins. Ingestion may cause vomiting (occasionally bloody), drooling, depression, loss of appetite, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets that chew foliage. |
| Braun's Dracaena | Dracaena braunii | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists the Dracaena genus, including lucky bamboo (Dracaena braunii / sanderiana), as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are saponins (lucky bamboo also contains taxiphyllin); ingestion causes vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, depression, inappetence, wobbly gait and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Cameroon Dracaena | Dracaena camerooniana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets. |
| Socotra Dragon Tree | Dracaena cinnabari | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies the Dracaena genus, including dragon trees such as Dracaena cinnabari, as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, depression, inappetence and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Compact Dracaena | Dracaena fragrans 'Compacta' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) and the wider Dracaena genus as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and, in cats, dilated pupils. Keep away from pets. |
| Dorado Dracaena | Dracaena deremensis 'Dorado' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies the Dracaena genus, including deremensis types, as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), hypersalivation, depression, inappetence and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Green Stripe Dracaena | Dracaena deremensis 'Green Stripe' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Janet Craig Dracaena | Dracaena deremensis 'Janet Craig' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena (including 'Janet Craig') as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. |
| Warneck Dracaena | Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dracaena (including 'Warneckii') as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), drooling, loss of appetite, and dilated pupils in cats; keep away from pets. |
| Dragon Tree | Dracaena draco | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena as toxic to cats and dogs, including D. draco. The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. |
| Ellenbeck's Sansevieria | Dracaena ellenbeckiana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Lindenii Corn Plant | Dracaena fragrans 'Lindenii' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Corn Plant | Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, loss of appetite, and dilated pupils in cats; keep away from pets. |
| Sol Corn Plant | Dracaena fragrans 'Sol' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dracaena species, including corn plant, as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Signs of ingestion include vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, drooling, anorexia and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Victoria Corn Plant | Dracaena fragrans 'Victoria' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets. |
| Gold Dust Dragon Tree | Dracaena goldieana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Dracaena as toxic to cats and dogs, and D. goldieana falls under this genus. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, loss of appetite, depression, and dilated pupils in cats. |
| Leather Dracaena | Dracaena hookeriana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets. |
| Loose Dracaena | Dracaena laxissima | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dracaena species as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, drooping, drooling, anorexia and, in cats, dilated pupils. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Bicolor Dragon Tree | Dracaena marginata 'Bicolor' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Dracaena marginata (Madagascar dragon tree) as toxic. The toxic principle is saponins; signs include vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets. |
| Tricolor Dragon Tree | Dracaena marginata 'Tricolor' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of pets' reach and seek veterinary advice if chewed. |
| Song of India | Dracaena reflexa | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if eaten. |
| Song of Jamaica | Dracaena reflexa 'Song of Jamaica' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (Dracaena). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of pets' reach and seek veterinary advice if chewed. |
| Variegated Lucky Bamboo | Dracaena sanderiana 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena (including the ribbon plant / lucky bamboo, Dracaena sanderiana) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins (lucky bamboo also contains taxiphyllin); ingestion causes vomiting (sometimes with blood), hypersalivation, depression, inappetence, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Steudner's Dracaena | Dracaena steudneri | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies the Dracaena genus, which includes Dracaena steudneri, as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, depression, inappetence and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets. |
| Florida Beauty Dracaena | Dracaena surculosa 'Florida Beauty' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists the Dracaena genus, which includes Dracaena surculosa (gold dust dracaena), as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), drooling, depression, inappetence and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets. |
| Lance Dracaena | Dracaena thalioides | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dracaena species as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, drooling, anorexia and, in cats, dilated pupils. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Mikado Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Mikado' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists snake plant (Sansevieria, now Dracaena trifasciata) as toxic. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Mauritius Dragon Tree | Dracaena umbraculifera | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists the genus Dracaena as toxic. The toxic principle is saponins; reported signs include vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Volkens' Dracaena | Dracaena volkensii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies the genus Dracaena as toxic. The toxic principle is saponins; signs include vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. Site it where pets cannot chew the leaves. |
| Warneckii dracaena | Dracaena fragrans (deremensis) 'Warneckii' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Warneckei Dracaena (Dracaena deremensis) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the toxic principle is saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep it out of reach of pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| giant dracontium | Dracontium gigas | tropical | Toxic | Like all Araceae aroids, Dracontium gigas contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides throughout its tissues. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies its directly-listed aroid relatives (e.g. Arisaema/jack-in-the-pulpit) as toxic via insoluble calcium oxalates; treat it as toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing causes oral pain, intense drooling, swelling of the mouth and lips, and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| many-leaflet dracontium | Dracontium polyphyllum | tropical | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as an arum-family (Araceae) aroid it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals like its toxic relatives, causing oral burning, drooling and vomiting if chewed. Treat as toxic to pets and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Beautiful Dracula Orchid | Dracula bella | tropical | Mildly toxic | The genus Dracula is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Most orchids, including the closely related Masdevallia ('Tailed Orchid'), are ASPCA non-toxic, and no source flags Dracula as poisonous, but without a specific ASPCA listing we do not assert pet-safe. Chewing any plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Monkey Face Orchid | Dracula simia | tropical | Mildly toxic | The genus Dracula is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Orchids broadly, including the related Masdevallia ('Tailed Orchid'), are ASPCA non-toxic and no authority flags Dracula as poisonous, but absent a specific ASPCA listing we do not claim pet-safe. Nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Sodiro's Dracula | Dracula sodiroi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Dracula sodiroi is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the Dracula genus is not among the orchids the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; chewing may cause mild GI upset. |
| Vampire Dracula Orchid | Dracula vampira | tropical | Mildly toxic | Dracula vampira is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and Dracula is not among the orchid genera (e.g. Phalaenopsis) the ASPCA names as non-toxic. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Canary Islands dragon arum | Dracunculus canariensis | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a Dracunculus and Araceae member all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals — the same toxic principle ASPCA cites for listed aroids. Toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes oral burning, swelling of the mouth and throat, drooling, retching and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet on any exposure. |
| dragon arum | Dracunculus vulgaris | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Dracunculus is an Araceae genus and all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals — the same toxic principle ASPCA cites for listed aroids. Toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes severe mouth pain, oral and throat swelling, drooling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. The carrion odour usually deters animals, but keep it away from pets and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| Dragon Fruit | Selenicereus undatus | edible | Mildly toxic | Selenicereus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and true cacti are not generally classed as systemically poisonous; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is edible for people. The main pet hazard is mechanical — spines and bristly stem injury to mouth and paws — rather than a toxic principle. |
| Dragon Heart Cranesbill | Geranium 'Dragon Heart' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium species (containing geraniol and linalool), not to true Geranium cranesbills. True Geranium is not individually listed as toxic or confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA; treat with caution around pets. |
| Madagascar dragon tree | Dracaena marginata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena marginata as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Symptoms include vomiting, dilated pupils in cats, and depression. Rarely serious but worth keeping out of reach. |
| Colorama dragon tree | Dracaena marginata 'Colorama' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Dracaena marginata (Madagascar dragon tree / red-margined dracaena) as toxic, with saponins as the toxic principle. Ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, loss of appetite, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep this plant well out of reach of pets. |
| Dragon Wing Red Begonia | Begonia x hybrida 'Dragon Wing Red' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, causing vomiting and salivation. The most toxic part is underground. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Dragon-Head Bamboo | Fargesia dracocephala | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fargesia dracocephala is a true bamboo in the Poaceae (grass) family and is non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. It is consumed in large quantities by giant pandas without ill effect. Not individually ASPCA-listed, but bamboos have no known toxic principle. |
| Dragon-shield begonia | Begonia dracopelta | houseplant | Toxic | All Begonia species, including Begonia dracopelta, are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs due to soluble calcium oxalates. The oxalates are most concentrated in the rhizomes; ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting. |
| Two-row Stonecrop | Sedum spurium 'Dragon's Blood' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sedum (stonecrop) is a pet-safe genus per the ASPCA; ingestion may at most cause minor, temporary GI upset. |
| Dragon's tongue | Hemigraphis repanda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the genus (as Hemigraphis exotica, the "Waffle Plant" / "Purple Waffle Plant," family Acanthaceae) as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Cats and Horses, with no toxic principles. Hemigraphis repanda is the same genus and family and shares this benign profile, so it is regarded as pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild, transient stomach upset, so discourage grazing. |
| Drakensberg Cycad | Encephalartos ghellinckii | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species and all cycads are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Cycasin glycosides and associated neurotoxins cause gastrointestinal distress, liver failure, and death. The ASPCA lists Cycads as toxic. Seeds are the most concentrated source of toxin, but all plant parts are hazardous. Immediate emergency veterinary treatment is required after any ingestion. |
| Dreaming Air Plant | Tillandsia somnians | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to both cats and dogs by the ASPCA. T. somnians contains no known toxic principles; ingestion of leaf material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset but is not a toxicity concern. |
| Dressler's Anthurium | Anthurium dressleri | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses) due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, mouth swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. A. dressleri is not individually named on the ASPCA database, but as a true Anthurium aroid it carries the same toxic principle, so treat it as toxic and keep it away from pets. |
| Dressler's Zamia | Zamia dressleri | tropical | Toxic | All Zamia species contain cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glycoside), a potent hepatotoxin. The ASPCA lists the Zamia genus as toxic to dogs and cats, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, liver failure, and potentially death. Seeds are the most concentrated source but all plant parts are hazardous. Keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| Cape Clivia | Clivia nobilis | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists the genus Clivia (Clivia lily) as toxic. The toxic principles are lycorine and related Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, most concentrated in the bulb-like base; signs include vomiting, hypersalivation and diarrhoea, with tremors and cardiac effects in large ingestions. |
| Drooping leucothoe | Leucothoe fontanesiana | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dog Hobble (Leucothoe species) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is grayanotoxin, which interferes with sodium ion channels. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, weakness, low blood pressure, cardiovascular collapse, and in severe cases coma or death. Keep away from all pets and livestock. |
| Drooping Spleenwort | Asplenium flaccidum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium ferns are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Asplenium flaccidum poses no known toxic risk to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Drooping star of Bethlehem | Ornithogalum nutans | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Ornithogalum species as toxic to cats and dogs. The plants contain cardenolide cardiac glycosides that affect heart function. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, excess salivation, lethargy, and potentially cardiac arrhythmias in significant quantities; all parts are toxic. |
| Drooping Trillium | Trillium flexipes | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium flexipes is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with other Trillium species, roots and berries are considered the most likely source of irritating compounds, which are not well characterised. Keep pets and children from ingesting any part. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Drop Tongue Plant | Schismatoglottis 'Silver' | tropical | Toxic | Schismatoglottis is a member of the arum family (Araceae) and contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, making it toxic to cats and dogs - ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The ASPCA does not list Schismatoglottis individually, but every aroid it does list (including the closely related Chinese evergreen, Aglaonema) is classified as toxic via the same insoluble calcium oxalates, so treat this plant as toxic and keep it away from pets; if ingestion is suspected, contact your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. |
| Dropwort | Filipendula vulgaris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Filipendula vulgaris is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so confirmed non-toxic status cannot be stated. The plant contains salicylate compounds (including methyl salicylate) in its tissues; cats in particular have limited ability to metabolise salicylates, which can cause gastrointestinal upset and, in large ingested quantities, systemic effects. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| English Sundew | Drosera anglica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and carnivorous-plant references describe sundews as non-toxic to cats and dogs. There is no toxic principle; ingestion may still cause mild, self-limiting GI upset, so pets should be kept from chewing it. |
| Multifida Extrema Sundew | Drosera binata 'Multifida Extrema' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera is not individually listed in the ASPCA database; other carnivorous plants such as the Venus Fly Trap and California Pitcher Plant are ASPCA non-toxic and sundews are generally considered low-risk. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and the sticky mucilage can irritate. Verify with a vet if a pet eats any. |
| Tropical Sundew | Drosera burmanni | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera sundews are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and carnivorous-plant authorities classify sundews as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is present; chewing plant material may still cause mild, temporary GI upset, so it is best kept out of reach. |
| White cape sundew | Drosera capensis 'Alba' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but carnivorous-plant horticulture reports no demonstrated toxicity to pets or people, and the related carnivorous Darlingtonia californica (family Sarraceniaceae) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The sticky dew is a digestive mucilage, not a poison. Low-risk, though cats are especially prone to shredding sundews; keep out of reach and consult a vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Red Cape Sundew | Drosera capensis 'Red' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera is not individually listed in the ASPCA database; other carnivorous plants like the Venus Fly Trap and California Pitcher Plant are ASPCA non-toxic and sundews are widely regarded as low-risk. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and the sticky mucilage can irritate. Verify with a vet if a pet eats any. |
| thread-leaved sundew | Drosera filiformis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so toxicity to cats and dogs is unverified. The sticky mucilage and chewed leaves may cause mild oral or gastrointestinal irritation. Because it is not ASPCA-listed it cannot be labelled pet-safe — keep out of reach and consult a vet if ingested rather than assuming safety. |
| Oblong-leaved Sundew | Drosera intermedia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera sundews are not classified as toxic by the ASPCA and carnivorous-plant authorities report sundews are non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle; ingesting plant material can still cause mild, temporary GI upset, so chewing should be discouraged. |
| Notch-leaved Sundew | Drosera schizandra | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera is not classified as toxic by the ASPCA, and sundews are reported non-toxic to cats and dogs by carnivorous-plant references. No toxic principle; ingestion may cause only mild, transient GI upset. Its terrarium culture also keeps it largely out of pets' reach. |
| Tokai Sundew | Drosera tokaiensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera sundews are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and carnivorous-plant authorities classify sundews as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is present; as with any plant, chewing may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Druce's cranesbill | Geranium × oxonianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species and hybrids including G. × oxonianum are classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Pelargonium ('florist geranium') is the toxic genus sometimes confused with true Geranium. |
| Drummond's aster | Symphyotrichum drummondii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Symphyotrichum drummondii is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Asters in the Symphyotrichum genus are considered non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild transient gastrointestinal upset in some animals. |
| Drummond's pitcher plant | Sarracenia leucophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Sarracenia species as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The pitcher fluid contains digestive enzymes but is not hazardous to pets in normal exposure. |
| Drumstick Tree | Moringa oleifera | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Moringa oleifera is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is widely regarded as safe for dogs and cats in moderate quantities. The plant belongs to family Moringaceae, which contains no known cardiotoxins or calcium oxalate. Roots and bark contain isothiocyanates and should not be given to pets in large amounts, but foliage and pods pose no known toxicity risk. |
| dryas primulina | Primulina dryas | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Primulina dryas belongs to Gesneriaceae. The ASPCA lists various gesneriads as non-toxic. Primulina is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus and family have no reported toxic principles in the horticultural literature. |
| serrulate drymonia | Drymonia serrulata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Drymonia serrulata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Drymonia has no documented toxic principle; treat it with caution and confirm with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Some Drymonia have irritant sap or hairs, so keep it away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| King of the Male Ferns | Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. True ferns in the Dryopteridaceae family (including Dryopteris erythrosora, the Autumn Fern) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list with no toxic principle identified. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts of fronds may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Spinulose Wood Fern | Dryopteris carthusiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris (wood/buckler fern) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database. Dryopteris rhizomes contain filicic acid and related compounds historically toxic to livestock and people, so it should not be assumed pet-safe. Treat as uncertain to mildly toxic, keep pets from ingesting it, and verify with a vet. |
| Champion's Wood Fern | Dryopteris championii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Dryopteris belongs to the Dryopteridaceae family of true ferns, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic with no toxic principle identified (the Autumn Fern, Dryopteris erythrosora, is explicitly listed). Large amounts of ingested fronds may still cause mild, passing digestive upset. |
| Broad Buckler Fern | Dryopteris dilatata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris (buckler/wood fern) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database. The rhizomes of Dryopteris species are known to contain filicic acid and related compounds historically toxic to livestock and people, so do not assume it is pet-safe. Treat as uncertain to mildly toxic, prevent ingestion, and verify with a vet. |
| Crispa Whiteside Buckler Fern | Dryopteris dilatata 'Crispa Whiteside' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris (buckler/wood fern) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database. Dryopteris rhizomes are known to contain filicic acid and related compounds historically toxic to livestock and people, so do not assume this cultivar is pet-safe. Treat as uncertain to mildly toxic, prevent pets from eating it, and verify with a vet. |
| Tasselled Male Fern | Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Polydactyla' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Most true ferns are non-toxic, but Dryopteris filix-mas (male fern) is an exception: its rhizome contains filicin and related compounds historically used as a dewormer and known to be toxic if ingested in quantity. It is not on the ASPCA non-toxic list; treat as mildly toxic, keep pets and children from eating it, and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Goldie's Fern | Dryopteris goldiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is a true wood fern (Dryopteridaceae), the same family as the ASPCA-listed non-toxic Boston, Dallas and Christmas dagger ferns; the ASPCA states most true ferns are non-toxic to cats and dogs. Treat as low-risk, keep pets from heavy nibbling, and verify with a vet if a large amount is eaten. |
| Intermediate Wood Fern | Dryopteris intermedia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris (wood fern) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database. Dryopteris rhizomes contain filicic acid and related compounds historically toxic to livestock and people, so it should not be assumed pet-safe. Treat as uncertain to mildly toxic, prevent pets from eating it, and confirm with a vet if concerned. |
| Southern Wood Fern | Dryopteris ludoviciana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is a true wood fern (Dryopteridaceae), the same family as the ASPCA-listed non-toxic Boston and Christmas dagger ferns, and the ASPCA notes most true ferns are non-toxic to cats and dogs. Treat as low-risk, discourage heavy nibbling, and check with a vet if a large quantity is consumed. |
| Tokyo Wood Fern | Dryopteris tokyoensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Dryopteris sits within the Dryopteridaceae family of true ferns, classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic with no toxic principle identified (the Autumn Fern, Dryopteris erythrosora, is explicitly listed). Eating large amounts of any plant may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Uniform Wood Fern | Dryopteris uniformis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Dryopteris is part of the Dryopteridaceae family of true ferns, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic with no toxic principle identified (the Autumn Fern, Dryopteris erythrosora, is explicitly listed). Large amounts of ingested fronds may still cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Ducloux's Petrocosmea | Petrocosmea duclouxii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petrocosmea duclouxii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Gesneriaceae family has no known toxic principles. No toxic compounds have been reported in the Petrocosmea genus. |
| Duke blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Duke' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (the blueberry/Vaccinium plant is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). The berries are also a safe occasional treat for dogs, though large quantities of any fruit can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Dunn's cape primrose | Streptocarpus dunnii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus spp. are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for S. dunnii specifically. |
| Durat's Air Plant | Tillandsia duratii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified in T. duratii; the curling leaves may present a mechanical chewing hazard but pose no chemical risk. |
| Durian | Durio zibethinus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Durio zibethinus is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is eaten by people, but it is very rich in fat (risk of GI upset or pancreatitis in dogs) and the seeds, stems and leaves contain compounds that can be harmful; the heavy spiny husk is also a physical injury hazard. Keep pets away from seeds, husk and foliage. |
| Dusky Coral Pea | Kennedia rubicunda | flowering | Mildly toxic | Kennedia rubicunda is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like many Fabaceae legumes, the seeds and pods may contain mild toxins. The broader genus has no well-documented severe toxicity, but ingestion of seeds or plant material by pets or children is not recommended. Treat with caution until more specific data is available. |
| Dusty zenobia | Zenobia pulverulenta | flowering | Toxic | Zenobia pulverulenta is a member of Ericaceae and contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), which are known toxins across the family. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or horses can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, bradycardia, and ataxia. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but given confirmed grayanotoxin presence across closely related Lyonia, Pieris, and Leucothoe, it must be treated as toxic. Keep away from pets and livestock. |
| Dutch Iris | Iris hollandica | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris (the parent genus) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic compounds are pentacyclic terpenoids concentrated in the bulb. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea. Exercise particular care when planting bulbs as this is when pets are most likely to encounter and chew them. |
| Dutch medlar | Mespilus germanica 'Dutch' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mespilus germanica is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. No toxic principle has been reported in the fruit flesh or foliage of the genus. As with all rosaceous fruits, seeds contain trace cyanogenic compounds; discourage pets from chewing seeds in quantity. |
| Dutchman's Breeches | Dicentra cucullaria | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids (including isoquinolinone compounds) toxic to cats, cattle, and humans. Symptoms of ingestion include trembling, staggering, vomiting, diarrhoea, convulsions, and laboured breathing. Contact with sap can cause mild, short-lived skin irritation. Keep away from pets and children. Not individually listed by ASPCA under D. cucullaria, but the Dicentra genus is well-documented as toxic. |
| Dutchman's pipe | Aristolochia macrophylla | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Aristolochia macrophylla contain aristolochic acids — nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic compounds. Ingestion of any plant part can cause irreversible kidney failure in humans and animals. Keep strictly away from children and pets. Do not use in herbal preparations. The toxins are not inactivated by drying or cooking. |
| clumping duvalia | Duvalia caespitosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Duvalia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is not formally established. Although stapeliads are widely described as non-toxic by hobbyist sources, that is not ASPCA-grounded; treat with caution, keep away from pets that chew plants, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Corderoy's duvalia | Duvalia corderoyi | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Duvalia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a definitive pet-safety status cannot be confirmed. Stapeliads are often called non-toxic by hobbyist sources, but that lacks ASPCA grounding; treat with caution, keep out of reach of pets that nibble plants, and consult a vet if your animal eats any. |
| polished duvalia | Duvalia polita | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Duvalia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is not formally documented. Hobbyist sources commonly label stapeliads non-toxic, but without ASPCA grounding this cannot be asserted as pet-safe; treat with caution, keep away from chewing pets, and verify with a vet on ingestion. |
| Dwarf Alberta Spruce | Picea glauca 'Conica' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | White spruce (Picea glauca) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database and carries no known toxic principle, so it is treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sharp needles may cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed; discourage ingestion and watch for transient GI upset after large nibbles. |
| Dwarf Antimima | Antimima pumila | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antimima pumila (Aizoaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Aizoaceae family has no known systemic toxic principles. ASPCA lists other Aizoaceae members (e.g. Lampranthus) as non-toxic. Exercise normal supervision. |
| Dwarf Anubias | Anubias nana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Anubias nana is an aroid (Araceae) and contains calcium oxalate crystals. ASPCA lists the Araceae family as causing oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in cats and dogs when chewed. Mildly toxic — generally not life-threatening but pets that chew plants should be kept away from the aquarium. |
| Dwarf Arolla Pine | Pinus cembra 'Nana' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinus species broadly are regarded as low-risk for dogs and cats, with Pinus ponderosa listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Pinus cembra is not individually listed; pine needles may cause gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested in quantity. Classified as mildly-toxic pending specific ASPCA confirmation. |
| Dwarf Chinese astilbe | Astilbe chinensis var. pumila | flowering | Mildly toxic | Astilbe is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting. |
| Dwarf Balsam Fir | Abies balsamea 'Nana' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Abies balsamea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database as toxic, but fir resins (including abietic acid) can cause gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs if needles are ingested. Sharp needles also pose a physical hazard. Classified as mildly toxic out of caution; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Dwarf Bamboo | Pleioblastus humilis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleioblastus humilis is a true grass-family bamboo (Poaceae). Bamboos in the Poaceae family are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; the family contains no known toxic principle harmful to dogs or cats. Considered safe for pets. |
| Dwarf Bearded Iris | Iris pumila | flowering | Mildly toxic | All Iris species contain irisin, iridin, and terpenoids concentrated in the rhizomes and leaves. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, lethargy, and gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. ASPCA lists the Iris genus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Rhizomes pose the greatest risk; keep pets away from freshly divided clumps. |
| Dwarf Birch | Betula nana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula nana is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database. Birch genus species are not known to be toxic to dogs or cats. This compact shrub poses no known toxicity risk to pets. |
| Dwarf Black Spruce | Picea mariana 'Nana' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Picea species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as confirmed toxic, but ingestion of needles or bark can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) in cats and dogs due to irritant resins. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Dwarf Blue Lawson Cypress | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Minima Glauca' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis species contain aromatic oils (including thujone-related compounds in foliage) that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset — vomiting and diarrhoea — if significant quantities of foliage are ingested by cats or dogs. The ASPCA does not list Chamaecyparis lawsoniana specifically as toxic, but ingestion should be discouraged and veterinary advice sought if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Dwarf blue rhododendron | Rhododendron impeditum | flowering | Toxic | Contains grayanotoxins like all Rhododendron species, which ASPCA classifies as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Despite its small size, even a modest amount of foliage or flowers ingested by pets can cause drooling, vomiting, weakness, and cardiac effects. |
| Dwarf Globe Blue Spruce | Picea pungens 'Glauca Globosa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens) does not appear on the ASPCA's toxic-plant list and has no recognised toxic principle, so it is regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The stiff, sharp needles can mechanically irritate the mouth or gut if eaten; discourage chewing and watch for mild, short-lived GI upset. |
| Dwarf Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus pusillus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic compounds are documented for the genus. |
| Feathery Cardboard Palm | Zamia vazquezii | houseplant | Toxic | Zamia vazquezii is not individually named by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists the genus via Coontie Palm/Cardboard Cycad and all cycads as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle cycasin (with BMAA and a neurotoxin) causes vomiting, bloody diarrhea, jaundice and acute liver failure; seeds are most dangerous. Treat as highly toxic and keep away from pets and children. |
| Dwarf Caribbean gesneria | Gesneria humilis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gesneria humilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The broader Gesneriaceae family has no documented toxic principles in horticultural or veterinary literature. As a precaution, prevent pets from ingesting large amounts and consult a vet if concerned. |
| Dwarf Cavendish banana | Musa acuminata 'Dwarf Cavendish' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (listed as Banana, Musa acuminata, family Musaceae). The fruit and foliage pose no poisoning risk, though large amounts of plant material may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Dwarf Cedar of Lebanon | Cedrus libani 'Nana' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Cedrus species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; Cedrus libani is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Dwarf Chinese Juniper | Juniperus chinensis 'Compressa' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juniperus chinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. However, veterinary sources report that junipers broadly contain volatile oils and compounds such as isocupressic acid that may cause vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal discomfort in dogs and cats if ingested. Classify as mildly toxic and consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| Dwarf Chirita | Chirita pumila | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chirita pumila belongs to Gesneriaceae, a family not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for this species. Considered pet-safe, though as with all plants, ingestion in large amounts could cause minor gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Dwarf Coast Redwood | Sequoia sempervirens 'Adpressa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sequoia sempervirens is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Coast redwoods, including this cultivar, have no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats. The fibrous bark and foliage are not a poisoning hazard. |
| Dwarf Common Juniper | Juniperus communis 'Compressa' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juniperus sabina (Savin juniper) is listed as toxic to cats by the ASPCA. While Juniperus communis is not confirmed toxic by the ASPCA for dogs and cats, ingestion of berries, needles, or bark can cause mild gastrointestinal signs including vomiting and diarrhoea. UC Davis and plant toxicology references classify Juniperus communis as minor/class 2 toxicity for pets. Classified as mildly-toxic; keep pets away from berries in particular. |
| Dwarf Creeping Juniper | Juniperus procumbens 'Nana' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juniperus procumbens is not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Veterinary sources report that junipers generally contain volatile oils and labdane acids that may cause gastrointestinal upset — vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort — in dogs and cats. Classify as mildly toxic; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Dwarf Crocus | Crocus minimus | flowering | Mildly toxic | A true Crocus (Iridaceae). Ingestion by cats or dogs produces mild gastrointestinal signs (drooling, vomiting, diarrhea) per Pet Poison Helpline's Crocus spp. assessment. ASPCA does not individually list C. minimus. Far less dangerous than Colchicum (which is sometimes mislabeled 'autumn crocus'). |
| Dwarf Cycad | Encephalartos cupidus | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos cupidus are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. As with all Encephalartos, the plant contains cycasin and BMAA, causing liver failure, gastrointestinal distress, and neurological damage. ASPCA lists Encephalartos spp. as toxic to pets. Seeds are the most dangerous part. Any ingestion is a veterinary emergency. |
| Dwarf Eastern White Pine | Pinus strobus 'Nana' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa Pine) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Pinus strobus (eastern white pine) is not individually confirmed on the ASPCA non-toxic list. Pine needles can mechanically irritate the gastrointestinal tract and may cause vomiting or diarrhoea if consumed in quantity; classified as mildly-toxic out of caution. |
| Dwarf Edraianthus | Edraianthus pumilio | flowering | Mildly toxic | Edraianthus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The family Campanulaceae contains members of varying toxicity; until a definitive ASPCA assessment exists, treat as mildly-toxic and keep away from cats and dogs as a precaution. |
| Dwarf Elder | Sambucus ebulus | edible | Toxic | All parts of Sambucus ebulus are toxic to pets and humans when raw. The berries, leaves, bark, and roots contain cyanogenic glycosides (sambunigrin) and alkaloids. Raw berries cause severe gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, diarrhea, and in large quantities can be dangerous. Unlike Sambucus nigra, the berries of S. ebulus are generally considered too toxic for culinary use without thorough processing. ASPCA lists elderberry (Sambucus) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. |
| Dwarf Fan Palm | Livistona muelleri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Livistona species are true palms (Arecaceae) with no known toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. The genus follows the ASPCA non-toxic pattern established for Livistona rotundifolia. L. muelleri is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been documented for this species. |
| Dwarf Fernleaf Bamboo | Pleioblastus distichus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleioblastus species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this genus. Dwarf Fernleaf Bamboo is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Safari bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Safari' | edible | Mildly toxic | Phaseolus vulgaris is not individually listed as safe by the ASPCA, and raw common beans contain lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) that may cause vomiting and diarrhoea in pets if eaten in quantity; cooked beans are far safer. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet eats raw pods or seeds. |
| Dwarf Golden Oriental Arborvitae | Platycladus orientalis 'Aurea Nana' | flowering | Toxic | Platycladus orientalis (Oriental Arborvitae / Biota) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles include volatile oils (thujone and related monoterpenes) which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, and in large ingestions, neurological effects. Keep pets away from this plant. |
| Dwarf Greenstripe Bamboo | Pleioblastus viridistriatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleioblastus viridistriatus is a member of Poaceae (grass family). Bamboos are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and contain no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. The golden-stripe foliage poses no poisoning risk to pets. |
| dwarf henckelia | Henckelia pumila | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Henckelia pumila (syn. Chirita pumila) is a member of Gesneriaceae. The ASPCA lists many genera in this family as non-toxic to dogs and cats, including Streptocarpus, Episcia, and Saintpaulia. Henckelia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for this genus. As with all ornamental plants, keep out of reach of pets as a precaution. |
| Dwarf Hinoki Cypress | Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Gracilis' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis obtusa is not specifically listed by the ASPCA as toxic, but foliage contains aromatic essential oils including sabinene and alpha-pinene that can irritate the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs if consumed in quantity, leading to vomiting or diarrhoea. Classify as mildly toxic out of caution; contact a vet if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| Dwarf Horsetail | Equisetum scirpoides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Equisetum scirpoides, like all Equisetum species, contains thiaminase and the alkaloid equisetine. These can cause thiamine deficiency and neurological symptoms if consumed in large quantities, particularly by cats, dogs, and horses. The ASPCA does not individually list this species; veterinary guidance treats the entire Equisetum genus as moderately toxic. Keep away from pets that chew plants and supervise accordingly. |
| Dwarf indigo bush | Amorpha nana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amorpha nana is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; no significant toxic principles are documented for this species in companion animal toxicology literature. |
| Dwarf Jamaican Heliconia | Heliconia stricta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia is not currently listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic principle is documented for the genus, but ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied until definitive ASPCA guidance is available. |
| Dwarf Japanese Black Pine | Pinus thunbergii 'Banshosho' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinus thunbergii is not individually confirmed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant list for cats and dogs. The related Pinus ponderosa is listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Pine needles from all Pinus species can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) if consumed in quantity; classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution pending specific ASPCA confirmation. |
| Dwarf Japanese White Pine | Pinus parviflora 'Glauca' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Pinus ponderosa (a close relative) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and true Pinus species are generally considered low-risk. However, pine needles can cause gastrointestinal irritation and, in large quantities, may cause vomiting or diarrhoea. Until Pinus parviflora is individually confirmed on the ASPCA non-toxic list, classify as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Dwarf Japanese Yew | Taxus cuspidata 'Nana' | flowering | Toxic | Taxus cuspidata is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principles are taxine alkaloids (primarily taxine A and B), found in the needles, bark, and seeds. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, trembling, difficulty breathing, cardiac dysrhythmia, and potentially rapid death. The red fleshy aril is not considered toxic, but the seed inside it is highly dangerous. Treat any suspected ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Dwarf Kacip Fatimah | Labisia pumila var. pumila | tropical | Mildly toxic | Labisia pumila var. pumila is not individually listed by ASPCA. As the type variety of Labisia pumila (Primulaceae), it contains saponins and other bioactive medicinal compounds. Out of caution due to its pharmacological activity in traditional medicine, treat as potentially harmful to pets and children. No specific pet toxicity data is available. |
| Meyer Lilac | Syringa meyeri 'Palibin' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists true lilac (Syringa) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Note this is the genuine lilac, not the unrelated toxic 'Persian lilac' (Melia azedarach); 'Palibin' is a true Syringa and is pet-safe, with only mild stomach upset possible if a lot is eaten. |
| Dwarf Lady's Mantle | Alchemilla erythropoda | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Alchemilla (lady's mantle) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and no toxic principles have been reported for this genus. Considered safe around pets and children. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxic compounds. |
| Dwarf Lewisia | Lewisia pygmaea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lewisia pygmaea is in the family Montiaceae. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Lewisia genus has no documented toxic principles for dogs, cats, or children. Considered safe. |
| dwarf lipstick vine | Aeschynanthus humilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aeschynanthus is a member of the family Gesneriaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA specifically lists Aeschynanthus radicans (lipstick plant) as non-toxic, and this safety assessment extends to the genus. No toxic principles have been reported. |
| Dwarf Mountain Laurel Elf | Kalmia latifolia f. myrtifolia 'Elf' | flowering | Toxic | Contains grayanotoxins throughout all plant parts. ASPCA lists Kalmia latifolia as toxic; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive salivation, weakness, cardiovascular collapse, loss of coordination, and potentially death in cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Dwarf nasturtium | Tropaeolum minus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA (genus Tropaeolum, covering garden nasturtium/Tropaeolum majus; T. minus is in the same genus with no identified toxic principles). Flowers and leaves are edible for humans; no records of toxic ingestion in pets. |
| Dwarf Oriental Spruce | Picea orientalis 'Nana' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA as confirmed toxic, but spruce needle oils and resins can irritate the mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs if ingested in quantity, causing vomiting or drooling. Seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Bush Palmetto | Sabal minor | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sabal minor is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the Sabal genus is not specifically classified, so it should be treated as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe; verify with a vet before relying on it around pets. It is a true palm (Arecaceae), not the toxic sago palm/Cycas, which is a cycad and frequently confused with palms. |
| Dwarf Pampas Grass | Cortaderia selloana 'Pumila' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cortaderia selloana is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic, but the very sharp, serrated leaf edges pose a significant physical hazard to pets and children (cuts to the mouth and skin). The foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity. Handle with thick gloves when cutting back. |
| Dwarf Papyrus | Cyperus prolifer | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyperus species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Sedges generally have no known toxic principles harmful to dogs, cats, or horses. Cyperus prolifer has no reported toxicity, though ingestion of large quantities of coarse plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in some animals. |
| Dwarf peperomia | Peperomia humilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle identified in the genus. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild, transient stomach upset purely from plant fibre. |
| Dwarf Pieris | Pieris nana | flowering | Toxic | All Pieris species contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), confirmed toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. Ingestion of even a few leaves can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, depression, weakness, cardiovascular collapse, low blood pressure, coma, and death. |
| Dwarf pomegranate | Punica granatum 'Nana' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be called confirmed pet-safe. The edible fruit pulp is generally regarded as non-toxic, but ASPCA APCC veterinarians have noted the leaves and bark can contain alkaloids, and the hard seeds and rind risk GI upset or blockage. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Dwarf Remusatia | Remusatia pumila | tropical | Toxic | As a member of the family Araceae, Remusatia pumila contains calcium oxalate crystals throughout its tissues. Ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, swelling, and vomiting in cats, dogs, and humans. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Dwarf Rose-stripe Star | Cryptanthus bivittatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA (listed under 'Earth Star', Cryptanthus bivattus minor); ingestion of plant material may still cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal irritation in sensitive animals. |
| Dwarf Serbian Spruce | Picea omorika 'Pimoko' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA as confirmed toxic to cats or dogs; however, as with other spruces, ingested needles and resinous sap can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation including vomiting and drooling. Contact a vet if a pet consumes foliage. |
| Dwarf Shell Ginger | Alpinia mutica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia mutica is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Zingiberaceae family does not contain well-established pet toxins, and related Hedychium (kahali ginger) is listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. However, specific confirmation for this species is absent, so it is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs; seek veterinary advice if concerned. |
| Dwarf Snowberry | Gaultheria depressa | flowering | Toxic | Gaultheria species contain gaultherinin, a glycoside that hydrolyses to release methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Methyl salicylate is toxic to both cats and dogs; cats metabolise salicylates very slowly and are especially vulnerable. Symptoms include vomiting, gastric haemorrhage, anorexia, liver damage, anaemia, and respiratory distress. Keep pets away from the plant and its berries. |
| Dwarf Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum humile | flowering | Mildly toxic | All parts — particularly the blue-black berries — contain steroidal saponins and cardiac glycosides that are mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and humans if ingested. Clinical signs in pets include vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhoea; the berries are the most hazardous portion. The RHS notes the plant is toxic to dogs and harmful to humans. Keep children and pets away from the fruit. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Polygonatum genus is classed as mildly toxic by veterinary sources. |
| Taiwan Sugar Palm | Arenga engleri | tropical | Toxic | While Arenga engleri is not individually named in the ASPCA database, its close relative the fishtail palm (Caryota) in the same subfamily is ASPCA-listed as toxic, and Arenga fruit pulp is well documented to contain needle-like calcium oxalate raphides that cause severe burning, dermatitis, and blistering on contact and irritation if ingested. Treat as toxic to pets and people; keep animals away from the ripe red fruit and wear gloves when handling it. |
| Dwarf Sweet Flag | Acorus gramineus 'Pusillus' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acorus gramineus (and its cultivars including 'Pusillus') is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It belongs to Acoraceae, not the toxic Araceae, and has no known harmful constituents at ornamental exposure levels. |
| Dwarf Tongue Plant | Glottiphyllum depressum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Glottiphyllum is not individually listed by ASPCA, but it belongs to the Aizoaceae family, which has no reported toxic principle to mammals. ASPCA lists the related Aizoaceae ice plant (Lampranthus piquet) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compound has been identified in Glottiphyllum depressum. Treat with caution and consult a vet if ingestion occurs in quantity. |
| Dwarf Trillium | Trillium pusillum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium species contain steroidal saponins, particularly in the berries and roots. Ingestion can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in pets and humans. Trillium is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, but North Carolina State University Extension characterises the genus as mildly toxic. Large ingestions should prompt veterinary consultation. |
| Dwarf Tulip | Tulipa humilis | flowering | Toxic | All Tulipa species contain tulipalin A and B (lactone glycosides) concentrated in the bulb. ASPCA lists tulips as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Bulb ingestion causes vomiting, depression, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, and cardiac abnormalities. Skin contact with bulbs can cause 'tulip fingers' (contact dermatitis) in humans. Keep bulbs away from pets. |
| dwarf umbrella plant | Heptapleurum arboricola | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Schefflera (this plant's long-standing trade name, dwarf/Hawaiian schefflera) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates; chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Dwarf Vanda | Vanda pumila | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vanda pumila is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and has no known toxic principles. Related Vanda species evaluated by the ASPCA are classified as non-toxic. Ingestion of plant material should nonetheless be discouraged. |
| Dwarf Water Clover | Marsilea minuta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Marsilea minuta is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, Marsilea species are documented to contain thiaminase, an enzyme that destroys vitamin B1. Risk to cats and dogs from casual nibbling is likely low, but significant ingestion could potentially cause thiamine deficiency. Treat with caution and keep out of reach of pets that graze on aquarium plants. |
| Dwarf White Cedar | Chamaecyparis thyoides 'Andelyensis' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis thyoides is not specifically listed by the ASPCA, but the foliage of Atlantic white cedar contains aromatic oils typical of the cypress family that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs if ingested. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; veterinary advice should be sought if a pet consumes foliage. |
| Wagner's Windmill Palm | Trachycarpus wagnerianus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is widely treated as a form of Trachycarpus fortunei, which is individually ASPCA-listed as non-toxic ('Windmill Palm'). As with its parent, any harm is mechanical from the fibrous, stiff leaf stalks rather than chemical, so chewing should still be discouraged. |
| cherry cola dyckia | Dyckia 'Cherry Cola' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dyckia 'Cherry Cola' is a hybrid in the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). Dyckia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but ASPCA-listed bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad (Neoregelia) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) are non-toxic to cats and dogs and the family has no recognised toxic principle. The real concern is physical injury from the sharp marginal teeth rather than poisoning, so keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| saw-tooth dyckia | Dyckia brevifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dyckia is a terrestrial bromeliad in the Bromeliaceae family. It is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but ASPCA-listed bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad (Neoregelia) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the family contains no known toxic principle. The genuine danger here is physical: the hooked saw-tooth leaf margins can cut skin, so keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Foster's dyckia | Dyckia fosteriana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dyckia fosteriana belongs to the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). The genus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but ASPCA-listed bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad (Neoregelia) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) are non-toxic to cats and dogs and the family contains no known toxic principle. The actual hazard is mechanical: the sharp recurved leaf teeth can cut, so position it out of reach of pets and children. |
| slender-spike dyckia | Dyckia leptostachya | tropical | Mildly toxic | Dyckia is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no genus-level ASPCA classification, so its toxicity is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. The bigger hazard is mechanical: its hook-spined leaf margins can badly cut a pet's mouth, paws or a handler's skin. |
| silver dyckia | Dyckia marnier-lapostollei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This is a terrestrial bromeliad (Bromeliaceae). Dyckia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but ASPCA-listed bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad (Neoregelia) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) are non-toxic to cats and dogs and the family has no recognised toxic principle. The real risk is mechanical injury from the stout marginal spines, so keep it away from pets and children. |
| Velasco's dyckia | Dyckia velascana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dyckia velascana is a terrestrial bromeliad (Bromeliaceae). The genus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but ASPCA-listed bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad (Neoregelia) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the family has no known toxic principle. The genuine hazard is mechanical injury from the sharp marginal teeth, so keep it away from pets and children. |
| Dyer's Air Plant | Tillandsia dyeriana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia (air plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are known in Tillandsia dyeriana; the plant is safe for households with pets, though fibrous ingestion in large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Dyer's Cycad | Encephalartos dyerianus | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos dyerianus are severely toxic to dogs, cats, livestock, and humans. The plant contains cycasin and the neurotoxin BMAA. Ingestion causes acute gastrointestinal distress, liver failure, and neurological damage, potentially resulting in death. ASPCA lists Encephalartos spp. as toxic to pets. This is a medical emergency — seek veterinary or human emergency care immediately. |
| Dyer's Macrozamia | Macrozamia dyeri | tropical | Toxic | Macrozamia dyeri contains cycasin (a hepatotoxic and potentially neurotoxic compound) throughout all plant tissues, with highest concentration in seeds. Ingestion is severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. The ASPCA classifies cycads (Macrozamia spp.) as toxic. Symptoms include vomiting, lethargy, jaundice, and liver failure. Veterinary emergency care is required immediately. |
| madagascan palm | Dypsis madagascariensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. While the related areca palm (Dypsis lutescens) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, Dypsis madagascariensis itself is not separately listed, so its status cannot be asserted as confirmed pet-safe. Prevent pets from chewing the fronds and seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Eared Abutilon | Abutilon auritum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abutilon is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs and is widely regarded as non-toxic; ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Eared Sage | Salvia aurita | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are identified in Salvia aurita. |
| Eared Strobilanthes | Strobilanthes auriculatus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Strobilanthes auriculatus is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Acanthaceae family has no well-documented severely toxic principles, but plant material ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Treat with caution around cats and dogs. |
| Earliglow Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Earliglow' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Earliglow strawberry plants and fruit present no known toxicity risk to pets. |
| Early Bird goldfish plant | Columnea 'Early Bird' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea 'Early Bird' is a Gesneriaceae hybrid with no documented toxic compounds. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the closely related gesneriad Episcia is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principles are known for this plant family. Ingestion of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Early Goldenrod | Solidago juncea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Solidago is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; the genus is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may occasionally cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Early Purple Orchid | Orchis mascula | flowering | Mildly toxic | Orchis mascula is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Orchidaceae are broadly considered low-risk, but the tubers (historically used in salep) may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets; classified as mildly-toxic due to the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing for this specific wild species. |
| Early Squill | Scilla mischtschenkoana | flowering | Toxic | Like all Scilla species, S. mischtschenkoana contains cardiac glycosides (scilliroside and related bufadienolide compounds) throughout the plant, with the highest concentration in the bulb. Ingestion by cats or dogs causes vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, drooling, and potentially cardiac arrhythmia. Seek veterinary advice immediately if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Earth Star Bromeliad | Cryptanthus bivittatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA specifically lists the Earth Star (Cryptanthus bivittatus) as non-toxic, so it is pet-safe; the only caution is the stiff, slightly spiny leaf margins, which are a physical rather than chemical hazard. |
| East African Savory | Satureja biflora | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Satureja biflora belongs to the same genus as summer savory (S. hortensis) and winter savory (S. montana), both listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for S. biflora. It is considered pet-safe on the basis of genus-level ASPCA data, though S. biflora is not individually listed. |
| East Himalayan Fir | Abies spectabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies (true firs) are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles reported for dogs or cats. Resin and needles may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in large quantities, but the species is generally considered non-toxic. |
| Cochin Grass | Cymbopogon flexuosus | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (entry: Lemon Grass, Cymbopogon). Toxic principles are essential oils and cyanogenic glycosides. Dogs and cats typically show stomach upset and vomiting; horses can suffer more severe signs. Keep pets from grazing it and avoid concentrated lemongrass oil entirely. |
| Easter cactus | Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri (syn. Schlumbergera gaertneri, Hatiora gaertneri) | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists "Easter Cactus" as a common name under its Schlumbergera bridgesii (family Cactaceae) entry, classing it non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses; North Carolina State Extension independently rates Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any plant, a pet that chews and swallows a lot of the fleshy stems may get mild, transient stomach upset or vomiting, but no poisonous compounds are involved. |
| Easter Egg radish | Raphanus sativus 'Easter Egg' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus) root is widely recognised as safe for dogs and cats in moderation. The ASPCA lists Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) as toxic to horses only via isothiocyanates causing gastrointestinal irritation, so keep radish plants away from horses; dogs and cats are not listed as affected, but feed the roots, not the foliage, in small amounts. |
| Easter Heliconia | Heliconia wagneriana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia is not currently listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle has been identified for this genus, but consumption of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. |
| Easter Lily | Lilium longiflorum | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC to cats (ASPCA confirmed). All parts — petals, leaves, pollen, stem, and water from the vase — can cause acute renal failure in cats, which is often fatal without immediate veterinary treatment. Toxic to dogs in large quantities. Keep well out of reach of all pets. |
| Domino Cactus | Echinopsis eyriesii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Easter Lily Cactus (Echinopsis multiplex) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses with no toxic principles, which applies to this same Echinopsis genus. Note that despite the common name it is unrelated to true lilies (Lilium), which are deadly to cats; this cactus carries no such toxin. The only caution is the spines, which can injure a pet physically. |
| Easter Cattleya | Cattleya mossiae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Cattleya orchids as non-toxic; ingestion may cause only mild mechanical GI upset, with no toxic principle present. |
| Eastern Bee Balm | Monarda bradburiana | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Monarda species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Monarda bradburiana contains aromatic oils but is considered safe for pets and is used as a culinary and medicinal herb by humans. No toxic principles have been reported. |
| Eastern Cape Blue Cycad | Encephalartos horridus | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos horridus contain cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside), the same potent hepatotoxin present in Cycas revoluta (sago palm). Ingestion by cats or dogs causes vomiting, haemorrhagic diarrhoea, severe liver failure, and death. The ASPCA lists cycads (Cycas and Zamia) as toxic; Encephalartos shares the same toxicology. Any suspected ingestion requires immediate emergency veterinary treatment. |
| Eastern Cape Cycad | Encephalartos arenarius | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos arenarius contain cycasin and macrozamin glycosides — the same severely toxic compounds found across cycad genera. The ASPCA classifies cycads as toxic to dogs and cats, with ingestion causing vomiting, liver failure, and death. Seeds are the most dangerous but leaves and cones are also toxic. Keep all plant parts completely inaccessible to pets and children. |
| Eastern Cape Cycad | Encephalartos princeps | tropical | Toxic | All cycads (family Zamiaceae / Cycadaceae) are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Cycasin and other toxins cause vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure, and can be fatal with ingestion of even small quantities. The ASPCA lists the Cycads genus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Seeds are the most dangerous part but all plant tissues are toxic. Emergency veterinary care is required immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| Eastern cyclamen | Cyclamen coum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Cyclamen species as toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principles are terpenoid saponins (cyclamins), concentrated primarily in the tuber but present throughout the plant. Ingestion causes intense salivation, vomiting, and diarrhoea; large quantities can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if a pet has ingested any part of this plant. |
| Eastern everlasting | Helichrysum orientale | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum orientale is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. No documented cases of serious toxicity in cats or dogs have been identified, but as a member of the Asteraceae family containing sesquiterpene lactones and other bioactive compounds, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Eastern Hemlock | Tsuga canadensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock, the conifer) must not be confused with Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock, a herbaceous plant in the carrot family which is highly toxic). The conifer Tsuga canadensis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and poses no known toxic risk to dogs or cats. |
| Devil's Tongue | Opuntia humifusa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Opuntia species ("Tree Cactus", family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the fruit and pads are edible to people and wildlife. The hazard is physical - small barbed glochids and occasional spines that lodge in skin and mouths - so handle with gloves and keep curious pets away. |
| Eastern Red Cedar | Juniperus virginiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus virginiana shares the mild toxicity profile of the Juniperus genus. UC Davis classifies Juniperus species as mildly toxic (class 2) to pets and livestock, with potential for vomiting, diarrhea, and GI irritation from ingestion of berries or foliage. Cedar wood oil extracted from the heartwood can cause skin irritation. The ASPCA does not specifically list this species, but veterinary guidance consistently advises preventing pets from consuming juniper plant material in quantity. The blue-green berry-like cones attract birds (especially cedar waxwings) and are an important wildlife food source. |
| eastern red columbine | Aquilegia canadensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aquilegia (columbine) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Columbine contains cyanogenic glycosides, concentrated in seeds and roots, and ingestion can cause vomiting and diarrhoea. Because a safe label cannot be confirmed against ASPCA, keep pets from grazing it. |
| Eastern Skunk Cabbage | Symplocarpus foetidus | flowering | Toxic | Confirmed toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by ASPCA. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Ingestion causes intense oral burning, pain and swelling of mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The strong odour generally deters accidental ingestion, but keep pets away. |
| Eaton's Firecracker | Penstemon eatonii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Penstemon eatonii is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) has no known toxic principles in veterinary or botanical toxicology literature. Safe around cats, dogs, and children. |
| Eau de Cologne Mint | Mentha × piperita f. citrata | herb | Mildly toxic | Mentha × piperita f. citrata is a form of peppermint, which is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats due to essential oils (menthol, pulegone-related compounds). Cats are particularly sensitive as they lack liver enzymes to metabolise menthol efficiently. Large ingestion can cause GI upset, lethargy, or liver stress. Keep away from pets. |
| Molkte Mountain mesemb | Ebracteola montis-moltkei | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ebracteola montis-moltkei is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before trusting it around pets. The closely related ice-plant genera the ASPCA does list in the Aizoaceae (Lampranthus, Dinteranthus) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, but absence of a species-level listing means we do not assert pet-safe here. |
| Chilean glory flower | Eccremocarpus scaber | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. As with any plant, ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and vomiting in cats and dogs, so discourage chewing. |
| hen and chicks | Echeveria | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Afterglow echeveria | Echeveria 'Afterglow' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Echeveria appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (e.g. Blue Echeveria / Echeveria glauca), so this hybrid is considered pet-safe; as with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Blue Atoll echeveria | Echeveria 'Blue Atoll' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (hen and chicks, Echeveria glauca, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and the genus is treated as pet-safe). No toxic principle is reported; large quantities could still cause minor digestive upset. |
| Chroma echeveria | Echeveria 'Chroma' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list). Eating a large quantity of the fleshy leaves can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Cubic Frost echeveria | Echeveria 'Cubic Frost' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (hen and chicks, Echeveria glauca, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and the genus is treated as pet-safe). No toxic principle is reported; large quantities could still cause minor digestive upset. |
| Dondo echeveria | Echeveria 'Dondo' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans are on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Despite the 'Mexican hens' nickname it is a true Echeveria; ingesting a lot of leaf tissue may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Duchess of Nürnberg | Echeveria 'Duchess of Nürnberg' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (hen and chicks, Echeveria glauca, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and the genus is treated as pet-safe). No toxic principle is reported, though eating a large amount may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Ice Green echeveria | Echeveria 'Ice Green' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria, Echeveria glauca, and Hens and Chickens, Echeveria elegans, both non-toxic). As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but it poses no poisoning risk. |
| Lola Echeveria | Echeveria 'Lola' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria 'Lola' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is regarded as clean: the ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria (Echeveria glauca) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no Echeveria species flagged as toxic. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild GI upset, so verify with your vet if your pet has a bite. |
| Lola Echeveria | Echeveria 'Lola' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (e.g. Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list), so this hybrid is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset from the unfamiliar fibre. |
| Meridian echeveria | Echeveria 'Meridian' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. As with any plant, a pet that chews the fleshy leaves may have mild, transient stomach upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| Minima echeveria | Echeveria 'Minima' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is classed as non-toxic to cats and dogs and is repeatedly cited on ASPCA-aligned pet-safe succulent lists. Considered pet-safe; large amounts of any plant matter can still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Mira echeveria | Echeveria 'Mira' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Large quantities of the fleshy leaves may still cause mild stomach upset if eaten. |
| Neon Breakers echeveria | Echeveria 'Neon Breakers' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As an Echeveria hybrid, it inherits the genus's ASPCA non-toxic status (Blue Echeveria / Echeveria glauca), so it is pet-safe; as with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Orion echeveria | Echeveria 'Orion' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria, Echeveria glauca, and Echeveria elegans both appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Ingesting large amounts of the fleshy leaves may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Azure Pearl echeveria | Echeveria 'Perle d'Azur' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria and Hens and Chickens, both Echeveria, as non-toxic). Eating it may cause minor digestive upset but no poisoning. |
| Perle von Nurnberg | Echeveria 'Perle von Nurnberg' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered pet-safe. 'Perle von Nurnberg' is a hybrid not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists Echeveria glauca (blue echeveria) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and no Echeveria is flagged as toxic. As a precaution, verify with your vet, since any plant can cause mild stomach upset if eaten. |
| Perle von Nurnberg | Echeveria 'Perle von Nürnberg' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Echeveria (the ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria, with species such as E. glauca and E. elegans, as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses). As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild, temporary stomach upset, so discourage grazing. |
| Purple Pearl echeveria | Echeveria 'Purple Pearl' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Echeveria (listed by the ASPCA under 'Hens and Chickens'/Echeveria elegans, and the synonym Urbinia agavoides) is classified as non-toxic; ingestion may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset and the plant is not poisonous. |
| Raindrops echeveria | Echeveria 'Raindrops' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (hen and chicks, Echeveria glauca, appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and the genus is treated as pet-safe). No toxic principle is reported, though any plant can cause mild stomach upset if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Tarantula echeveria | Echeveria 'Tarantula' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans are on the ASPCA non-toxic list). The 'Tarantula' name is purely descriptive; ingesting a large amount of leaf tissue may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Tsunami echeveria | Echeveria 'Tsunami' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As an Echeveria hybrid it falls under the genus the ASPCA-aligned literature consistently lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Treated as pet-safe; ingestion of any plant can still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Violet Queen echeveria | Echeveria 'Violet Queen' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (hen and chicks, Echeveria glauca, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and the genus is treated as pet-safe). No toxic principle is reported, though eating a large amount may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Molded wax agave | Echeveria agavoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Echeveria is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (Blue Echeveria / Echeveria glauca); the common name 'molded wax agave' refers only to its agave-like shape, not a true Agave, so E. agavoides is pet-safe. Ingestion may still cause minor stomach upset. |
| Ebony wax agave | Echeveria agavoides 'Ebony' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As an Echeveria agavoides cultivar, it inherits the genus's ASPCA non-toxic status (Blue Echeveria / Echeveria glauca); 'wax agave' refers to leaf shape, not a true toxic Agave. Chewing it may still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Colorata echeveria | Echeveria colorata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (hen and chicks, Echeveria glauca, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and the genus is treated as pet-safe). No toxic principle is reported; ingesting a large amount may still cause minor digestive upset. |
| Frilled echeveria | Echeveria gibbiflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (hen and chicks, Echeveria glauca, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and the genus is treated as pet-safe). No toxic principle is reported; ingesting a large amount may still cause minor digestive upset. |
| Ruby slippers | Echeveria harmsii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Echeveria is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (Blue Echeveria / Echeveria glauca), so E. harmsii is considered pet-safe; as with any houseplant, chewing it may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Ghost echeveria | Echeveria lilacina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Echeveria (listed by the ASPCA under 'Hens and Chickens'/Echeveria elegans and the synonym Urbinia agavoides) is classified as non-toxic; ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset, but it is not poisonous. |
| Pale echeveria | Echeveria pallida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria and Hens and Chickens, both Echeveria, as non-toxic). Eating it may cause minor stomach upset but presents no poisoning hazard. |
| Pulido's echeveria | Echeveria pulidonis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Echeveria is on the ASPCA non-toxic list (Blue Echeveria / Echeveria glauca), so E. pulidonis is considered pet-safe; eating any houseplant can still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Mexican firecracker | Echeveria setosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Echeveria is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (Blue Echeveria / Echeveria glauca), so E. setosa is treated as pet-safe; ingestion of any plant material can still cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Mexican hen | Echeveria shaviana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (hen and chicks, Echeveria glauca, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and the genus is treated as pet-safe). No toxic principle is reported, though eating a large amount may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Desert savior echeveria | Echeveria strictiflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria and Hens and Chickens, both Echeveria, as non-toxic). Ingestion may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset but no poisoning. |
| Morning Beauty echeveria | Echeveria subsessilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Echeveria appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (Blue Echeveria / Echeveria glauca and 'Variegated Wax Plant' echeveria sp.), so E. subsessilis is treated as pet-safe; ingestion may still cause minor digestive upset. |
| Morning Beauty echeveria | Echeveria subsessilis 'Morning Beauty' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria subsessilis belongs to the Echeveria genus, which is consistently classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs on ASPCA-aligned pet-safe lists. Treated as pet-safe; ingesting any plant material can still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Echidna Orchid | Porroglossum echidna | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Porroglossum echidna is in family Orchidaceae. The ASPCA lists numerous orchid genera as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Porroglossum is not individually ASPCA-listed; no toxic principle is reported for the genus. Keep out of reach as a general precaution. |
| Coneflower | Echinacea 'Cheyenne Spirit' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Magnus purple coneflower | Echinacea purpurea 'Magnus' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| White Swan coneflower | Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Scarlet Hedgehog Cactus | Echinocereus coccineus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Echinocereus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Engelmann's Hedgehog Cactus | Echinocereus engelmannii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Echinocereus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Comb Hedgehog Cactus | Echinocereus pectinatus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Echinocereus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Rainbow Hedgehog Cactus | Echinocereus rigidissimus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echinocereus is part of the family Cactaceae, which is not included in the ASPCA list of plants toxic to cats and dogs, and this species is not known to be poisonous. The dense spines are the real hazard to pets, so position it out of their reach. |
| Ozelot sword | Echinodorus 'Ozelot' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Echinodorus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so toxicity is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an Amazon sword hybrid it may contain saponins reported in the genus, so do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA grounding — keep clippings away from pets. |
| Red Flame sword | Echinodorus 'Red Flame' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Echinodorus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The genus is reported by some sources to contain saponins, so do not assume pet-safe — keep trimmed leaves out of reach of cats and dogs. |
| Vesuvius sword | Echinodorus 'Vesuvius' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Echinodorus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a submerged aquarium plant, pet exposure is minimal, but do not assume it is pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| broad-leaf Amazon sword | Echinodorus bleheri | tropical | Mildly toxic | Echinodorus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Some hobbyist sources note saponins in Amazon sword that could cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so do not assume pet-safe — keep trimmed leaves out of reach of cats and dogs. |
| radicans sword | Echinodorus cordifolius | tropical | Mildly toxic | Echinodorus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Because it grows emersed leaves within reach of pets and the genus is reported to contain saponins, do not assume pet-safe — keep cats and dogs from chewing the foliage. |
| Bleheri Amazon sword | Echinodorus grisebachii 'Bleherae' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Echinodorus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so toxicity is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Amazon sword is reported by some sources to contain saponins, so do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA grounding — keep trimmed leaves away from pets. |
| pygmy chain sword | Echinodorus tenellus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Echinodorus/Helanthium is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so toxicity is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sword genus is reported by some sources to contain saponins, so do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA grounding — keep any leaves splashed out during maintenance away from pets. |
| Uruguay sword | Echinodorus uruguayensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Echinodorus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Exposure is minimal as a submerged aquatic, but do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| Taplow Blue globe thistle | Echinops bannaticus 'Taplow Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Globe thistle (Echinops spp.) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principle identified (family Asteraceae). Be aware that the spiny flower heads and prickly foliage can still cause mechanical irritation to the mouth or skin if chewed, although the plant is not poisonous. |
| small globe thistle | Echinops ritro | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Globe thistle (Echinops spp.) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principle identified (family Asteraceae). Note, however, that the spiny flower heads and prickly foliage can cause mechanical irritation to the mouth or skin if chewed, even though the plant is not poisonous. |
| Veitch's Blue globe thistle | Echinops ritro 'Veitch's Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Globe thistle (Echinops spp.) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principle identified (family Asteraceae). The spiny flower heads and prickly leaves can nonetheless cause mechanical irritation to the mouth or skin if chewed, despite the plant being non-poisonous. |
| San Pedro Cactus | Echinopsis pachanoi | houseplant | Toxic | The San Pedro cactus contains mescaline, a psychoactive alkaloid, plus related alkaloids in its flesh. While Echinopsis pachanoi is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, its documented psychoactive alkaloid content means ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, rapid heart rate, disorientation, and neurological effects in pets. Treat it as toxic, keep it well away from cats and dogs, and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Red Torch Cactus | Echinopsis huascha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cacti in the genus Echinopsis are not listed on the ASPCA's toxic plant database and the family Cactaceae is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The real hazard is mechanical — the stiff spines can injure mouths, paws and eyes — so site it out of pet reach. |
| Ecuador Angel's Trumpet | Brugmansia versicolor | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. All parts of Brugmansia versicolor — leaves, flowers, seeds, and roots — contain tropane alkaloids (scopolamine, atropine, hyoscyamine) that are dangerously poisonous to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. ASPCA lists Brugmansia species as toxic. Even skin contact with sap can cause irritation; wear gloves when pruning or handling. |
| Edamame | Glycine max 'Edamame' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Glycine max (soybean/edamame) is a major human and pet food ingredient and is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. Soy protein is used extensively in commercial pet foods. Edamame pods and beans are safe for pets as an occasional treat; do not add salt when offering to animals. |
| Soybean | Glycine max | edible | Mildly toxic | Glycine max is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Raw soybeans contain trypsin inhibitors and lectins and are not safe to eat uncooked; they must be cooked before consumption by people or pets. Keep raw pods and dried beans away from pets, and note soy can be an allergen. |
| Edelweiss | Leontopodium alpinum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Leontopodium alpinum is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Asteraceae and has no documented toxic principles; it is used in traditional herbal preparations in Europe, suggesting very low toxicity risk for pets. |
| Eden Valley bell heather | Erica cinerea 'Eden Valley' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica cinerea cultivars are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in the Erica genus. 'Eden Valley' is safe to grow in gardens and containers where dogs, cats, or other pets have access. |
| edging lobelia | Lobelia erinus | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lobelia (including Lobelia cardinalis) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is lobeline, a piperidine alkaloid. Clinical signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, depression, and cardiac rhythm disturbances. Lobelia erinus belongs to the same genus and should be treated as toxic; keep away from pets. |
| Edible Fockea | Fockea edulis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Despite the name 'edulis', Fockea edulis belongs to the Apocynaceae family, many members of which contain alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and toxic milky latex. The caudex latex is reported to be poisonous. Raw plant material should be kept away from pets and children. Not individually listed by ASPCA; treat as mildly toxic based on family characteristics. |
| Edith's Air Plant | Tillandsia edithiae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia (air plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are known in Tillandsia edithiae; the plant is safe for pet owners, though ingestion of fibrous leaf material in large quantities may cause minor mechanical gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Persian carpet flower | Edithcolea grandis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Edithcolea grandis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related stapeliad Stapelia (Carrion Flower) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but because this genus is not individually confirmed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet. As an Apocynaceae succulent its sap may cause mild irritation if ingested. |
| aubergine | Solanum melongena | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Solanum melongena foliage as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to solanine. Ripe fruit is safe; green parts and unripe fruit should be avoided. |
| Eglantyne | Rosa 'Eglantyne' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Rosa (true roses) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thorns may still cause physical injury or mouth irritation if chewed. This is unrelated to toxic plants that share the 'rose' name, such as desert rose or rose of Sharon. |
| Egremont Russet | Malus domestica 'Egremont Russet' | edible | Toxic | The fruit flesh is edible and safe, but the ASPCA lists apple (Malus) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses because the stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, especially when wilting. Signs of significant ingestion include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing and shock; keep pets from chewing prunings and seeds. |
| Egyptian star flower | Pentas lanceolata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pentas lanceolata is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no other Pentas species appears on the ASPCA list, so its safety is not certified by the ASPCA. No major veterinary resource reports serious poisoning, but as a precaution treat it as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before allowing pets access; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Egyptian White Water Lily | Nymphaea lotus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nymphaea lotus is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA does not list Nymphaea species as toxic to pets, distinguishing them from the nephrotoxic true lilies (Lilium, Hemerocallis). Mild gastrointestinal upset from ingesting large quantities of plant material is possible but serious poisoning is not expected. |
| Ehlers' butterwort | Pinguicula ehlersiae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinguicula species are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The sticky glandular secretions are not harmful to pets. |
| Water Hyacinth | Eichhornia crassipes | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Eichhornia crassipes, 'water hyacinth'). Note this is distinct from the common ornamental hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis), which is toxic; the floating water hyacinth carries no ASPCA toxicity warning, though contact may mildly irritate sensitive skin. |
| Eitape wax plant | Hoya eitapensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, citing Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic with no known toxic principles. Hoya eitapensis is not individually listed but belongs to this non-toxic genus. Mild, temporary stomach upset is possible if a pet consumes a large quantity of foliage. |
| elderberry | Sambucus nigra | herb | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The leaves, stems, bark, roots, and unripe berries contain cyanogenic glycosides (including sambunigrin) that release hydrogen cyanide, plus a toxic alkaloid; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, weakness and, in significant doses, cyanide toxicity. Only thoroughly cooked ripe flowers and berries are considered safe for human use. Keep pets from chewing any part. |
| Adams elderberry | Sambucus canadensis 'Adams' | edible | Toxic | Elderberry (Sambucus) appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list. The leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and raw/unripe berries contain cyanogenic glycosides and a toxic alkaloid; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and abdominal pain in cats and dogs. Only fully ripe, cooked berries are used by people — keep pets away from the plant and raw fruit. |
| Nova elderberry | Sambucus canadensis 'Nova' | edible | Toxic | Elderberry (Sambucus) appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list. The leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and raw/unripe berries contain cyanogenic glycosides and a toxic alkaloid; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and abdominal pain in cats and dogs. Cooked, fully ripe berries are eaten by people, but keep pets away from the plant and raw fruit. |
| Wyldewood elderberry | Sambucus canadensis 'Wyldewood' | edible | Toxic | Elderberry (Sambucus) appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list. Leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and raw/unripe berries contain cyanogenic glycosides and a toxic alkaloid; pets that chew foliage or eat raw fruit may show vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and abdominal pain. Only fully cooked, ripe berries are safe for human consumption — keep animals away from the plant. |
| York elderberry | Sambucus canadensis 'York' | edible | Toxic | Elderberry (Sambucus) appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list. Leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and raw/unripe berries contain cyanogenic glycosides plus a toxic alkaloid; pets that chew the plant or eat raw fruit may show vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and abdominal pain. Only fully cooked, ripe berries are safe for human use — keep animals away from the shrub. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt croton | Codiaeum variegatum 'Eleanor Roosevelt' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline list croton (Codiaeum variegatum) as toxic; the milky sap contains diterpene esters that irritate the mouth and gut. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and oral or skin irritation, and the sap can also irritate human skin. |
| elecampane | Inula helenium | herb | Mildly toxic | Inula helenium is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The root and foliage contain sesquiterpene lactones such as alantolactone, well documented as skin and mucous-membrane irritants and allergens in people, and large ingested amounts can cause vomiting and GI distress. |
| Elegant clarkia | Clarkia unguiculata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Clarkia unguiculata belongs to the Onagraceae family, which has no documented toxic principles. It is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Considered pet-safe, though as with all plants, very large ingestions may cause transient digestive upset. |
| Elegant Peacock Ginger | Kaempferia elegans | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the genus Kaempferia as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion of large amounts of any plant material may still cause minor GI upset. |
| dwarf hairgrass | Eleocharis acicularis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eleocharis acicularis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus has no ASPCA classification. Treat as unverified; discourage pets from grazing aquarium plants and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Chinese Water Chestnut | Eleocharis dulcis | edible | Mildly toxic | Eleocharis dulcis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The corms are a widely eaten human food, but because no ASPCA classification exists for cats and dogs, a pet-safe claim is not made here. |
| dwarf spikerush | Eleocharis parvula | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eleocharis parvula is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not classified by the ASPCA. Treat as an unverified plant; keep pets from grazing aquarium plants and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| mini hairgrass | Eleocharis sp. 'Mini' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eleocharis is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database, and no genus-level ruling exists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; do not assume pet-safe. As a fully submerged aquarium plant, realistic ingestion exposure is low. |
| umbrella hairgrass | Eleocharis vivipara | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eleocharis vivipara is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus has no ASPCA classification. Treat as an unverified plant; discourage pets from grazing aquarium plants and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Elephant bush | Portulacaria afra | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. Portulacaria afra (elephant bush) carries no recognised toxic principle and is widely documented as pet-safe — it is even grazed by tortoises in its native South Africa. It is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but no authoritative source lists it as toxic; eating a large amount may cause mild, transient stomach upset simply from the volume of plant material, as with any non-toxic plant. |
| taro | Colocasia esculenta | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Colocasia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing causes intense oral pain, drooling and swelling. Cooked taro corms are eaten by humans but raw plant material is severely irritating. |
| Elephant Ear Staghorn Fern | Platycerium elephantotis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists staghorn ferns (Platycerium) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; this species is in that genus. Safe if nibbled, with at most mild, transient stomach upset from eating large amounts of any plant. |
| Elephant Ears Bergenia | Bergenia crassifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bergenia crassifolia (Saxifragaceae) is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for the genus. Not related to toxic elephant ear plants (Alocasia, Colocasia — Araceae family) despite sharing a common name. |
| elephant foot yam | Amorphophallus paeoniifolius | edible | Toxic | Amorphophallus is an aroid (Araceae) genus containing insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the toxic principle the ASPCA cites across the aroid family; treat as toxic to cats and dogs. Raw plant tissue causes intense oral burning, drooling, and vomiting if chewed. For people the corm is a staple vegetable but only after thorough cooking; raw or undercooked tissue is acrid and irritant. |
| Elephant garlic | Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum | edible | Toxic | Elephant garlic is Allium ampeloprasum, the same species the ASPCA lists under leek as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is N-propyl disulfide, which damages red blood cells and causes Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia. Signs include vomiting, weakness, rapid heart rate, panting, and blood in the urine; all parts are toxic raw, cooked, or dried. |
| Elephant Tree | Bursera microphylla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bursera microphylla is not listed by ASPCA. The plant produces aromatic terpenoid resins that may irritate skin or mucous membranes on contact and may cause gastric upset if ingested by pets or children. No severe toxicity is documented, but the resinous sap should be treated with caution. Consult a veterinarian if a pet consumes any part of the plant. |
| Elephant-foot Cyphostemma | Cyphostemma elephantopus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Cyphostemma elephantopus is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a Vitaceae family member, the plant produces grape-like fruit known to contain oxalic acid and is considered toxic if ingested by humans or animals. Keep out of reach of pets and children. Consult a veterinarian promptly if ingestion is suspected. |
| Elephant's Foot | Dioscorea elephantipes | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dioscorea elephantipes contains saponins and diosgenin, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal discomfort if ingested by pets or humans. The plant is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the Dioscoreaceae family has no confirmed severe toxicity on the ASPCA lists, but saponin-containing plants are generally cautioned against for pets — keep out of reach of dogs, cats, and children as a precaution. |
| Elephant's Foot Pachypodium | Pachypodium rosulatum | tropical | Toxic | Pachypodium rosulatum (Apocynaceae) contains toxic compounds including cardiac glycoside-type cardenolides. Ingestion by pets or humans can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and cardiac effects. The ASPCA identifies related Apocynaceae genera (e.g. Adenium) as causing serious cardiac toxicity. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Elfin Thyme | Thymus serpyllum 'Elfin' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus serpyllum is a culinary thyme listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are identified in this genus. |
| Elfin Thyme | Thymus praecox 'Elfin' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Thymus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. This applies to whole-plant ingestion; concentrated thyme essential oil is separately classified as harmful but is not a concern with the fresh garden plant. |
| Elijah blue fescue | Festuca glauca 'Elijah Blue' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca glauca is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Elina | Rosa 'Elina' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species; toxic principle: none). Watch only for thorns, which can cause mechanical injury or mouth scratches if a pet chews stems. |
| Elise's Cotyledon | Cotyledon elisiae | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon elisiae belongs to the Cotyledon genus, all members of which contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides. ASPCA lists Cotyledon as toxic to cats and dogs. This classification applies across the genus including C. elisiae. Ingestion can cause vomiting, weakness, muscle tremors, and cardiac irregularities. Not safe for pets or children. |
| Elizabeth Magnolia | Magnolia 'Elizabeth' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Magnolia stellata as non-toxic to dogs and cats. 'Elizabeth' is a Magnolia acuminata × M. denudata hybrid; neither parent is reported as significantly toxic in veterinary literature. Mild gastrointestinal upset may occur if plant material is ingested. Not individually confirmed by ASPCA for this hybrid. |
| Elk blue rush | Juncus patens 'Elk Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs; this rush is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Elk Horns Pig's Ear | Cotyledon orbiculata 'Elk Horns' | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon orbiculata contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (including orbicusides A–C and cotyledontoxin). Ingestion has caused documented cases of severe cardiac arrhythmia (sinoatrial arrest) in dogs and is toxic to cats and livestock. Keep away from all pets and children. If ingestion is suspected, contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) immediately. |
| Elk's Horn Fern | Platycerium alcicorne | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Platycerium alcicorne specifically, and staghorn ferns generally, as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Safe if nibbled, with only mild stomach upset possible from eating large amounts of any plant. |
| Elkhorn Plant | Rhombophyllum dolabriforme | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Rhombophyllum is a mesemb in the family Aizoaceae. It is not individually listed by ASPCA. Aizoaceae mesembs are generally considered of low toxicity, but may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested in quantity by pets or children. Keep out of reach as a precaution. |
| elliptic ginger lily | Hedychium ellipticum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hedychium ellipticum is not individually listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. The rhizomes and plant tissues of Hedychium species contain saponins and other irritant compounds; ingestion may cause vomiting, drooling, and lethargy in cats and dogs. Classified as mildly toxic on a precautionary basis. |
| Elliptic Kopsia | Ochrosia elliptica | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Ochrosia elliptica contain toxic indole alkaloids, including ellipticine, elliptinine, 9-methoxyellipticine, and isoreserpiline. The paired bright-red fruits are the most conspicuously poisonous part. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Apocynaceae family is well-established as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion may cause vomiting, cardiovascular effects, and serious systemic toxicity. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Ellwood's Cypress | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Ellwoodii' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Chamaecyparis / cypress among plants toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing the foliage or oils can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling and lethargy. Discourage pets from nibbling and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Elm-leaf begonia | Begonia ulmifolia | houseplant | Toxic | Begonia ulmifolia is toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance for the Begonia genus. Soluble calcium oxalates throughout the plant cause immediate oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting, and dysphagia on ingestion. |
| elongate sun pitcher | Heliamphora elongata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heliamphora elongata is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family Sarraceniaceae (including Darlingtonia californica, which is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses) contains no known toxic principles. No toxic compounds are reported for any Heliamphora species. Standard caution is advised around pets. |
| Elongated Sun Pitcher | Heliamphora elongata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora elongata is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The digestive enzymes produced inside the pitchers could irritate mucous membranes or cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. No formal safety classification is available; seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes any part of the plant. |
| Elsanta strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Elsanta' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Fragaria, per the ASPCA Strawberry entry). Berries, leaves and stems are safe; the fibrous foliage may cause mild stomach upset if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Elymaitic Rosularia | Rosularia elymaitica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Rosularia belongs to Crassulaceae, a family that contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides in multiple genera (e.g., Cotyledon, Crassula). Rosularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and no specific toxicological reports for this genus were found. Given the family context, treat with caution and keep away from pets and children until species-level data is confirmed. |
| Chilean Fire Tree | Embothrium coccineum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Embothrium coccineum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is not formally established; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. (Note: the ASPCA 'Burning Bush' listing refers to Euonymus, a different plant, and does not apply here.) No serious pet poisonings are widely reported, but any unlisted plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten. |
| Emei Mountain begonia | Begonia emeiensis | tropical | Toxic | Begonia emeiensis belongs to the genus Begonia, classified by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Soluble calcium oxalates — concentrated particularly in the tubers — cause oral irritation, hypersalivation, and vomiting if ingested. |
| Emerald Blue Creeping Phlox | Phlox subulata 'Emerald Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Phlox subulata (Moss Phlox) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified. Large ingestion may cause transient mild gastrointestinal upset in any animal, as with any non-food plant material. |
| Emerald Gaiety Euonymus | Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald Gaiety' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Euonymus (Spindle Tree) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles are alkaloids and cardenolides; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and weakness, with heart-rhythm abnormalities after large ingestions. Keep leaves, stems, and fruit away from pets. |
| Emerald Green Arborvitae | Thuja occidentalis 'Smaragd' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja occidentalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and oil contain thujone, a compound that in quantity can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in severe cases neurological signs in dogs and cats. Reported poisonings are uncommon, but ingestion should be prevented and monitored. |
| Emerald and Gold Euonymus | Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald 'n' Gold' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Euonymus (Spindle Tree) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles are alkaloids and cardenolides; clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and weakness, with heart-rhythm abnormalities after large ingestions. Keep foliage and fruit away from pets. |
| Emerald ripple peperomia | Peperomia caperata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Emerald Ripple Peperomia (Peperomia caperata, family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with its toxic principle recorded as "Non-toxic". This is a genuine pet-safe houseplant, not merely an unlisted assumption. As with any plant, a pet that gorges on the foliage may get mild, transient stomach upset simply from eating something it cannot digest, so it is still sensible to keep it away from determined chewers. |
| Martens' spikemoss | Selaginella martensii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Selaginella martensii is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, but the genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Selaginella kraussiana (Club Moss) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and no Selaginella species is listed as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe, but verify with your vet for your specific pet. |
| Emory oak | Quercus emoryi | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists oak (Quercus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses due to tannins in acorns, buds and young leaves; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and, at high intake, kidney or liver injury. Emory acorns are unusually sweet and low in tannin for human food, but pets should still be kept from fallen acorns and foliage. |
| Emory's Barrel Cactus | Ferocactus emoryi | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ferocactus is not individually listed by ASPCA. The flesh and spines are not known to contain systemic toxins, but physical injury from the stout hooked spines is a significant hazard for pets and children. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| Prince Sago | Cycas taitungensis | houseplant | Toxic | Falls under the ASPCA's Cycads/Sago Palm classification as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle cycasin causes vomiting, melena, jaundice, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and acute liver failure, with seeds the most poisonous part and a high fatality rate. Keep completely out of reach of pets and children. |
| Emperor tulip | Tulipa fosteriana | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. T. fosteriana, as a member of the genus, contains tulipalin A and B (allergenic lactones) throughout all plant parts, with the highest concentrations in the bulb tunics and scales. Symptoms of ingestion include drooling, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. Large amounts can cause cardiac arrhythmia and CNS depression. Gloves are recommended when handling bulbs due to skin irritation risk. |
| Empire Scarlet Star | Guzmania lingulata 'Empire' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Guzmania species as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Guzmania lingulata (Scarlet Star Bromeliad) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. 'Empire' is a cultivar of the same species and shares the same non-toxic profile. |
| Empress Wu hosta | Hosta 'Empress Wu' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins, which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression if eaten. Site this large, tempting plant away from grazing pets. |
| Tongaland cycad | Encephalartos ferox | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed: all cycads, including Encephalartos, are toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principle cycasin (plus an unidentified neurotoxin and BMAA) causes vomiting, melena, increased thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising, severe liver damage and potentially fatal liver failure. Seeds and cones are especially deadly. Keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| Lebombo cycad | Encephalartos lebomboensis | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists cycads as toxic; Encephalartos species are true cycads containing cycasin and macrozamin. Ingestion of any part, especially the colourful cones and seeds, can cause severe vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute liver failure and death. Keep away from pets and contact a vet urgently if eaten. |
| Modjadji cycad | Encephalartos transvenosus | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies cycads as toxic; Encephalartos transvenosus is a true cycad containing the glycosides cycasin and macrozamin. All parts, especially the large seeds, can cause vomiting, haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, liver failure and death. Keep out of reach of pets and seek immediate veterinary care if ingested. |
| poor man's cycad | Encephalartos villosus | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed: all cycads, Encephalartos included, are toxic to dogs and cats. Cycasin (with an unidentified neurotoxin and BMAA) causes vomiting, dark stools, increased thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising and severe, often fatal liver failure. Seeds are the most dangerous part. Keep well away from pets and children. |
| Autumn Twist Encore Azalea | Rhododendron 'Conlee' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses per the ASPCA, which lists Rhododendron/Azalea as toxic. All parts contain grayanotoxins; even small ingestions can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and in larger amounts cardiac arrhythmia, collapse, and potentially death. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Encrusted Saxifrage | Saxifraga paniculata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga stolonifera (strawberry saxifrage) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Saxifraga paniculata belongs to the same genus and has no known toxic compounds. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus-level evidence and the absence of any reported toxic principle support a pet-safe classification. |
| Clamshell Orchid | Encyclia cochleata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Encyclia is ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: the ASPCA individually lists the Florida Butterfly Orchid (Encyclia tampensis) as Non-Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, consistent with its classification of orchids generally (Phalaenopsis Orchid) as non-toxic. Encyclia cochleata carries no known toxic principle and is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild stomach upset, and pesticide or fertiliser residues are a greater concern than the plant tissue. |
| Heart-shaped Encyclia | Encyclia cordigera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Encyclia is ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: the ASPCA individually lists the Florida Butterfly Orchid (Encyclia tampensis) as Non-Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, in line with its non-toxic listing for orchids generally (Phalaenopsis Orchid). Encyclia cordigera has no known toxic principle and is regarded as pet-safe. Overeating any plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and chemical residues on the leaves are a bigger risk than the tissue itself. |
| Tampa Butterfly Orchid | Encylia tampensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs (e.g. Phalaenopsis and Spice Orchids); treat as pet-safe. As with any plant, chewing leaves may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Endive | Cichorium endivia | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cichorium endivia (endive) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database; it is a widely consumed leafy vegetable with no known toxic principle for cats, dogs, or horses. The closely related Cichorium intybus is similarly unlisted. Treat as pet-safe, though large quantities may cause mild GI upset in any animal. |
| Endres's bladderwort | Utricularia endresii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Utricularia endresii and the genus Utricularia are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic compound has been identified, but formal safety data for pets is absent. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. |
| Engelmann Spruce | Picea engelmannii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Picea engelmannii is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. Spruce genus species do not contain known systemic toxic compounds. Needles may cause mild GI irritation if ingested in large quantities due to their sharp, rigid structure. Considered pet-safe. |
| Cactus Apple | Opuntia engelmannii | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Opuntia species ("Tree Cactus", family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the fruit and pads are eaten by people and wildlife. The hazard is purely mechanical - stout spines plus barbed glochids that injure mouths, paws, and skin - so harvest and handle carefully and keep pets clear. |
| English bluebell | Hyacinthoides non-scripta | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Hyacinthoides non-scripta contain scillarens — cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides) similar in action to those in foxglove. Ingestion by cats and dogs causes vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea within hours of ingestion; large amounts could theoretically produce cardiac effects. The Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) confirms bluebells as a recognised cause of poisoning in companion animals in the UK. |
| common ivy | Hedera helix | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hedera helix as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to triterpenoid saponins. Symptoms include vomiting, abdominal pain and drooling. |
| True Lavender | Lavandula angustifolia 'Hidcote' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate, with reported signs of nausea, vomiting (not in horses), and loss of appetite. Casual nibbling of the fresh plant usually causes only mild GI upset, but concentrated lavender essential oil is considerably more dangerous, especially to cats, which cannot efficiently metabolise these compounds. |
| English Thyme | Thymus vulgaris 'English' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus vulgaris (common thyme) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. English Thyme shares this safety profile. Safe for culinary use and around household pets. |
| Chandler walnut | Juglans regia 'Chandler' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists 'Black Walnut' (Juglans NIGRA) as toxic to dogs and horses; English walnut (Juglans regia) is not individually listed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming safety. Across the genus, MOLDY nuts/hulls can cause tremors and seizures in dogs (tremorgenic mycotoxins), and juglone can cause GI upset — keep fallen nuts and hulls away from pets. |
| Franquette walnut | Juglans regia 'Franquette' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists 'Black Walnut' (Juglans NIGRA) as toxic to dogs and horses; English walnut (Juglans regia) is not individually listed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. Genus-wide, MOLDY nuts/hulls can trigger tremors and seizures in dogs (tremorgenic mycotoxins), and juglone may cause GI upset — keep fallen nuts and hulls away from pets. |
| Hartley walnut | Juglans regia 'Hartley' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), the same genus, as toxic to dogs and horses (non-toxic to cats); horses develop laminitis and colic, and moldy nuts and hulls cause tremors and seizures in dogs. English walnut shares juglone in all parts, and fallen nuts readily grow Penicillium mould producing tremorgenic mycotoxins (Penitrem A) that cause vomiting, tremors and seizures in dogs. Treat as toxic, keep dropped nuts and hulls away from pets and horses, and seek veterinary care on ingestion. |
| Howard walnut | Juglans regia 'Howard' | edible | Toxic | Juglans species are not individually itemised on the ASPCA list, but walnuts are well-documented as hazardous to dogs: moldy walnuts and hulls can carry tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) causing tremors and seizures, and the high-fat kernels risk gastrointestinal upset and pancreatitis. Juglone in hulls/roots is also toxic to horses. Keep fallen nuts and hulls away from pets; verify any ingestion with a vet. |
| Lara walnut | Juglans regia 'Lara' | edible | Toxic | Juglans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but walnuts pose a documented danger to dogs: moldy nuts and hulls can harbour tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) causing tremors and seizures, while the fatty kernels can trigger GI upset or pancreatitis. Juglone in hulls and roots is toxic to horses. Clear fallen nuts and hulls, and consult a vet on any ingestion. |
| Pedro walnut | Juglans regia 'Pedro' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), the same genus, as toxic to dogs and horses (non-toxic to cats), with laminitis and colic in horses and tremors and seizures in dogs from moldy nuts and hulls. 'Pedro', as Juglans regia, contains juglone throughout, and dropped nuts readily grow Penicillium mould producing tremorgenic mycotoxins (Penitrem A) dangerous to dogs. Treat as toxic: keep fallen nuts and hulls away from dogs and horses and contact a vet if ingested. |
| Serr walnut | Juglans regia 'Serr' | edible | Toxic | Juglans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, yet walnuts are documented hazards to dogs: moldy nuts and hulls can carry tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) that cause tremors and seizures, and the fatty kernels risk GI upset and pancreatitis. Juglone in hulls and roots is toxic to horses. Remove fallen nuts and hulls and check any ingestion with a vet. |
| Tulare walnut | Juglans regia 'Tulare' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA does not list English walnut (Juglans regia) among toxic plants, and the ripe sweet kernels are not considered poisonous to cats and dogs. However, the genus produces juglone, and moldy walnuts and hulls can harbour tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) that cause tremors and seizures in dogs; the high fat content also risks pancreatitis. Keep fallen and moldy nuts away from pets and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| English Yew Bonsai | Taxus baccata | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Yew (Taxus spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is taxine alkaloids, with signs including muscle tremors, dyspnoea, seizures, and sudden death from acute cardiac failure. All parts except the fleshy red aril are dangerous, so dispose of clippings carefully and keep away from pets. |
| Engraved Cone Plant | Conophytum ectypum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum belongs to the family Aizoaceae. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but related Aizoaceae mesembs (Lithops) are on the ASPCA non-toxic list. No toxic principles have been identified in Conophytum in veterinary or horticultural literature. |
| Entire-leaved Primrose | Primula integrifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primula integrifolia is a member of the genus Primula. ASPCA lists Primula species as causing mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs if ingested. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus-level profile applies — treat as mildly toxic as a precaution. Skin contact dermatitis is possible in sensitive individuals from quinone compounds. |
| Entire-Lipped Catasetum | Catasetum integerrimum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catasetum is not individually listed by ASPCA. No known toxic principle has been reported for this genus; the broader orchid family (Orchidaceae) is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the ASPCA lists numerous orchid genera as non-toxic. Nonetheless, ingestion of any plant material can cause mild gastric upset, so keep away from pets as a precaution. |
| Mexican Tea | Dysphania ambrosioides | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (entry: Epazote, Dysphania ambrosioides). Toxic principles are essential oils, chiefly ascaridole, plus limonene and p-cymene. Low risk as a culinary spice but high if concentrated oils are ingested; signs include vomiting and diarrhoea, with tremors or convulsions possible in severe oil poisoning. |
| Crucifix Orchid | Epidendrum ibaguense | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed by name as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Spice Orchid, Epidendrum ibaguense, family Orchidaceae). Nibbling plant material can still cause mild, transient stomach upset, and any applied fertiliser should be kept away from pets. |
| Buckle Epidendrum | Epidendrum porpax | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Epidendrum is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Second-flowered Epidendrum | Epidendrum secundum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Epidendrum is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Epiphytic Zamia | Zamia pseudoparasitica | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia pseudoparasitica contain cycasin, a potent liver toxin consistent across the Zamia genus. The ASPCA lists Zamia as toxic to dogs and cats, causing gastroenteritis, liver failure, and potentially fatal outcomes. Seeds are most concentrated. Handle with gloves and keep away from all pets and children. |
| Silver Streak Pothos | Epipremnum amplissimum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies pothos (Epipremnum) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing or ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips, and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep climbing and trailing stems away from pets. |
| Silver Streak Pothos | Epipremnum amplissimum 'Silver Streak' | houseplant | Toxic | As a member of Epipremnum (the pothos genus) in the Araceae family, it is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves and stems contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Global green pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Global Green' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists pothos (Epipremnum aureum) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Harlequin pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Harlequin' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists pothos (Epipremnum aureum) as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Jessenia pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Jessenia' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists pothos (Epipremnum aureum) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral and lip irritation, intense burning, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if any part is chewed. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Shangri-La pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Shangri-La' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists pothos (Epipremnum aureum) as toxic to cats and dogs. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Snow queen pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Snow Queen' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic; it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes intense oral pain, drooling, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep trailing stems out of reach of pets. |
| Variegated Dragon Tail | Epipremnum pinnatum 'Albo Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies pothos (Epipremnum) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing or ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips, and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep trailing stems out of reach of pets. |
| Albo Pothos | Epipremnum pinnatum 'Albo-Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA does not list Epipremnum pinnatum individually, but it lists the same-genus Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) as toxic to dogs and cats due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals — typical of all aroids (family Araceae) including this cultivar. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and verify any concern with your vet. |
| Dragon tail plant | Epipremnum pinnatum | houseplant | Toxic | Epipremnum belongs to the ASPCA-listed toxic pothos genus; it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs and keep away from pets. |
| Skeleton key pothos | Epipremnum pinnatum 'Skeleton Key' | houseplant | Toxic | Epipremnum (pothos) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Despite the friendly 'pothos' name, keep this cultivar well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Cleopatra episcia | Episcia cupreata 'Cleopatra' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (listed under 'Episcia' and 'Flame African Violet'). As a gesneriad relative of African violets, the genus is recognised as safe around pets. |
| moss agate episcia | Episcia 'Moss Agate' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As an Episcia (flame violet) cultivar, it inherits the status of the genus, which is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (non-toxic to cats and dogs, no toxic principles). Safe around pets, though eating any houseplant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Pink Acajou Flame Violet | Episcia cupreata 'Pink Acajou' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Episcia (flame violet / flame African violet) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This gesneriad has no known toxic principle, though as with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Silver Skies Flame Violet | Episcia 'Silver Skies' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Episcia (flame violet / flame African violet) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This gesneriad carries no known toxic principle; ingestion may at most cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Silver sheen flame violet | Episcia cupreata 'Silver Sheen' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Episcia (also called Lace-Flower Vine and Chocolate Soldier, family Gesneriaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this cultivar is considered pet-safe. |
| Lilac episcia | Episcia lilacina | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Episcia (Gesneriaceae, also known as Lace-Flower Vine and Chocolate Soldier) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this species is regarded as pet-safe. |
| flame violet | Episcia reptans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Episcia (flame violet) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, classified non-toxic to cats and dogs with no toxic principles. Safe around pets, though, as with any houseplant, nibbling the foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Equal-wing begonia | Begonia isoptera | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates are the toxic principle (most concentrated underground) and cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, hypersalivation, and vomiting upon ingestion. |
| Horsetail Reed | Equisetum hyemale | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Scouring Rush (Equisetum hyemale) and Field Horsetail as toxic to horses via thiaminase, which destroys thiamine and causes weakness, tremors, staggers and potentially death after prolonged grazing. Dogs and cats are not listed as affected, but because the plant contains an established toxic principle, treat ingestion with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Japanese Horsetail | Equisetum japonicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Japanese horsetail is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Equisetum is ASPCA-listed as toxic to horses through thiaminase, which causes thiamine deficiency (weakness, tremors, staggers, death). Dogs and cats are not flagged, yet given the known toxic principle treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Blue sage | Eranthemum pulchellum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eranthemum pulchellum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and there is no established ASPCA genus ruling for Eranthemum. Without an authoritative safe listing, treat it as uncertain rather than pet-safe; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around cats and dogs. |
| Erman's Birch | Betula ermanii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula (birch) species are not listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by ASPCA. No significant toxic principles are reported in the foliage, bark, or catkins for companion animals. Birch pollen is a common human allergen but is not a pet toxicity concern. |
| Ernst's Spurflower | Plectranthus ernstii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. The foliage contains essential oils that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) if ingested by cats or dogs in quantity; keep pets from chewing the plant as a precaution. |
| Jade Frost sea holly | Eryngium planum 'Jade Frost' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not recorded as seriously toxic, and its spiny flower heads and stiff foliage discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Big Blue sea holly | Eryngium × zabelii 'Big Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The very spiny bracts and leaf margins are also a physical hazard that can injure mouths and paws. |
| Picos Blue Mediterranean sea holly | Eryngium bourgatii 'Picos Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its safety for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sharply spined leaves and bracts also pose a physical injury risk to pets and people. |
| Silver Ghost sea holly | Eryngium giganteum 'Silver Ghost' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The large, sharply spined silver bracts are also a physical hazard capable of injuring mouths and paws. |
| Blue Hobbit sea holly | Eryngium planum 'Blue Hobbit' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sea holly (Eryngium, family Apiaceae) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists and no toxic principle is reported for it, but because it is not affirmatively confirmed pet-safe by the ASPCA, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. The spiny bracts can also mechanically irritate the mouth if chewed. |
| Pagoda dogtooth violet | Erythronium 'Pagoda' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database and reports of its pet toxicity conflict, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an extra precaution, discourage pets from digging up and chewing the fleshy bulbs. |
| Escargot Begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Escargot' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Rex Begonia (Begonia rex) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. Ingestion causes vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs (kidney failure in grazing animals); the underground rhizome/tubers are the most toxic part. Keep this cultivar out of pets' reach. |
| Snail Begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum 'Escargot' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Begonia genus). The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground tubers/rhizomes; ingestion can cause intense oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Batavian Full Heart escarole | Cichorium endivia var. latifolium 'Batavian Full Heart' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cichorium endivia is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a confirmed pet-safe label cannot be assigned. As with most leafy greens, eating the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Thai Silk Rose Chiffon Poppy | Eschscholzia californica 'Thai Silk Rose Chiffon' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eschscholzia californica is not clearly listed by the ASPCA, and sources differ, but the plant contains alkaloids and is reported to cause mild gastrointestinal upset and, in quantity, sedative central-nervous effects; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Keep pets from grazing it. |
| Escobar's Lepanthes | Lepanthes escobariana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lepanthes escobariana belongs to Orchidaceae, a family with no documented toxic principle. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but orchids broadly are classified as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds reported for the genus. |
| Peruvian Old Man Cactus | Espostoa lanata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Espostoa carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Peruvian Old Man | Espostoa melanostele | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Espostoa carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Eternal Flame Plant | Goeppertia crocata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. Goeppertia crocata is not individually named by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists the genus as "Calathea (Calathea spp.)", family Marantaceae, as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no toxic Calathea species on its database. As always, verify with your vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Etruscan honeysuckle | Lonicera etrusca | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lonicera species berries can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats if consumed in quantity. The ASPCA notes Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) berries as a GI irritant. Lonicera etrusca is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but shares the same genus; its berries should be treated with similar caution. Not considered severely toxic. |
| Etruscan santolina | Santolina etrusca | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina etrusca is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Like all Santolina species it contains volatile aromatic oils (including camphor-type compounds) that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in significant quantities and contact dermatitis on sensitive skin; treat as mildly toxic around cats and dogs and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Nymans Eucryphia | Eucryphia × nymansensis 'Nymansay' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eucryphia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is not formally established; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. There are no widely reported serious poisonings, but ingestion of any unlisted plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| miniature saguaro euphorbia | Euphorbia aeruginosa | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the Euphorbia genus (such as pencil cactus, Euphorbia tirucalli) as toxic, with irritant milky latex as the toxic principle. Chewing causes drooling, vomiting and oral and stomach irritation, and the sap causes painful skin and eye irritation. Keep out of pets' reach and wear gloves when handling. |
| desert candle | Euphorbia ammak | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is the irritant milky sap (latex), which irritates the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, skin and eyes, causing drooling and vomiting. Wear gloves and eye protection when handling and keep away from pets and children. |
| candelilla | Euphorbia antisyphilitica | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses per the ASPCA's listing of the Euphorbia genus. The plant's milky latex is an irritant sap; ingestion irritates the mouth and digestive tract causing drooling and vomiting, while contact irritates skin and eyes. The protective wax does not make it pet-safe. Keep away from pets. |
| buffalo euphorbia | Euphorbia bubalina | houseplant | Toxic | As a Euphorbia, it is included in the ASPCA's toxic classification for dogs, cats and horses, with irritant latex sap (diterpene esters) as the toxic principle. Ingestion or sap contact causes drooling, mouth and gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting, and the sap blisters skin and severely irritates eyes. Wear gloves to handle and keep away from pets. |
| pine cone euphorbia | Euphorbia bupleurifolia | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex contains irritant compounds causing drooling, vomiting and oral and digestive irritation if ingested, and skin and eye irritation on contact. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets and children. |
| medusa's head euphorbia | Euphorbia caput-medusae | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia (e.g., pencil cactus) as toxic, the principle being the irritant latex sap common to the genus. Ingestion irritates the mouth and stomach, causing drooling and vomiting, while sap contact burns skin and eyes. Keep away from pets and handle wearing gloves. |
| club euphorbia | Euphorbia clavarioides | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia (e.g., pencil cactus) as toxic, the principle being the irritant latex sap shared across the genus. Ingestion irritates the mouth and stomach, causing drooling and vomiting, while sap contact burns skin and eyes. Keep out of reach of pets and handle with gloves. |
| column euphorbia | Euphorbia columnaris | houseplant | Toxic | As a Euphorbia, it is covered by the ASPCA's toxic classification for dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is the irritant latex sap (diterpene esters). Ingestion or contact causes drooling, mouth and GI irritation and vomiting, and the milky sap blisters skin and severely irritates eyes. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| Cooper's euphorbia | Euphorbia cooperi | houseplant | Toxic | As a Euphorbia, it is classed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with irritant latex sap (diterpene esters) as the toxic principle. Ingestion or sap contact causes drooling, mouth and gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting; this species has especially caustic latex that can severely blister skin and damage eyes. Handle with gloves and eye protection and keep well away from pets. |
| cylindrical-leaf euphorbia | Euphorbia cylindrifolia | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the Euphorbia genus (e.g. pencil cactus, Euphorbia tirucalli) as toxic, with irritant milky latex sap as the toxic principle. Chewing causes drooling, vomiting and mouth and stomach irritation, and the sap irritates skin and eyes on contact. Keep away from pets and wear gloves when handling. |
| Decary's euphorbia | Euphorbia decaryi | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex contains irritant diterpene esters causing drooling, vomiting and oral and gastric irritation if chewed, and skin and eye irritation on contact. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets and children. |
| porcupine euphorbia | Euphorbia enopla | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Euphorbia (e.g., pencil cactus) as toxic, the principle being the irritant milky latex sap found throughout the genus. Ingestion irritates the mouth and gut, causing drooling and vomiting; the sap burns skin and eyes; and the stiff spines can cause physical injury. Keep away from pets and handle with gloves. |
| edible euphorbia | Euphorbia esculenta | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses per the ASPCA's listing of the Euphorbia genus. The milky latex is an irritant sap (diterpene esters); ingestion irritates the mouth and stomach and can cause drooling and vomiting, and sap contact irritates skin and eyes. Wear gloves and keep away from pets. |
| fierce euphorbia | Euphorbia ferox | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia (e.g., pencil cactus) as toxic, the principle being the irritant latex sap shared across the genus. Ingestion irritates the mouth and stomach, causing drooling and vomiting; sap burns skin and eyes; and the fierce spines cause puncture injury. Keep out of reach of pets and handle with gloves. |
| Medusa's head | Euphorbia flanaganii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex contains irritant diterpene esters causing drooling, vomiting and oral and gastric irritation if chewed, and burning or inflammation on skin and eyes. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets and children. |
| François's euphorbia | Euphorbia francoisii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex contains irritant diterpene esters causing drooling, vomiting and oral and gastric irritation if chewed, and skin and eye irritation on contact. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets and children. |
| globe euphorbia | Euphorbia globosa | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses per the ASPCA's listing of the Euphorbia genus. The white latex is an irritant sap; ingestion causes mouth and stomach irritation, drooling and possible vomiting, and the sap irritates skin and eyes on contact. Keep out of pets' reach and handle with gloves. |
| gorgon's head euphorbia | Euphorbia gorgonis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses per the ASPCA's listing of the Euphorbia genus. The white latex is an irritant sap; ingestion irritates the mouth and stomach causing drooling and vomiting, and contact irritates skin and eyes. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| cow's horn euphorbia | Euphorbia grandicornis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex contains irritant diterpene esters that cause drooling, vomiting and oral and gastric irritation if chewed, and burning, blistering or inflammation on skin and eyes. The large, sharp spines pose an added physical hazard. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets and children. |
| Groenewald's euphorbia | Euphorbia groenewaldii | houseplant | Toxic | Being a Euphorbia, it falls under the ASPCA's toxic classification for dogs, cats and horses, with irritant latex sap (diterpene esters) as the toxic principle. Ingestion or sap contact causes drooling, mouth and gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting, and the sap blisters skin and severely irritates eyes. Wear gloves and keep it away from pets. |
| African milk barrel | Euphorbia horrida | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is the irritant milky sap (latex), causing irritation of the mouth, gut, skin and eyes with drooling and vomiting. Handle with gloves and site out of reach of pets. |
| candelabra tree | Euphorbia ingens | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is the irritant milky sap (latex). This species exudes copious latex that is strongly caustic, causing severe mouth, gut, skin and eye irritation. Handle with gloves and eye protection and keep away from pets and children. |
| Knuth's euphorbia | Euphorbia knuthii | houseplant | Toxic | As a Euphorbia, it is classed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is the irritant latex sap (diterpene esters). Ingestion or sap contact causes drooling, mouth and GI irritation and vomiting, and the milky sap can blister skin and badly irritate eyes. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| white ghost euphorbia | Euphorbia lactea 'White Ghost' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky white latex sap contains irritant diterpene esters that cause drooling, vomiting, and irritation of the mouth and stomach if chewed, and painful inflammation or blistering on skin and eyes. Wear gloves when handling or cutting, and keep away from pets and children. |
| Indian corn cob | Euphorbia mammillaris | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex contains irritant compounds that cause drooling, vomiting and oral and digestive irritation if ingested, plus skin and eye irritation on contact. Handle with gloves and keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| melon spurge | Euphorbia meloformis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is the irritant milky sap (latex). Contact or ingestion can cause mouth, gastrointestinal, skin and eye irritation, with drooling and vomiting. Wear gloves when handling and keep well away from pets. |
| yellow crown of thorns | Euphorbia milii 'Lutea' | flowering | Toxic | Crown of thorns (Euphorbia milii) is classed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is the irritant latex sap (diterpene esters). Ingestion or sap contact causes drooling, mouth and gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting, and the milky sap can blister skin and severely irritate eyes. The thorns add injury risk. Wear gloves and keep away from pets. |
| pink crown of thorns | Euphorbia milii 'Rosea' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Crown of Thorns (Euphorbia milii) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is irritant diterpene esters in the milky latex; ingestion causes drooling, vomiting and mouth irritation, and sap contact can blister skin or burn eyes. Keep away from pets and wear gloves. |
| symmetrical baseball plant | Euphorbia obesa subsp. symmetrica | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Euphorbia genus (e.g. pencil cactus, Euphorbia tirucalli) as toxic, with irritant milky latex sap as the toxic principle. The sap can cause drooling, vomiting, and mouth and stomach irritation if chewed, and severe eye and skin irritation on contact. Keep away from pets and wear gloves when handling. |
| persistent-leaf euphorbia | Euphorbia persistentifolia | houseplant | Toxic | As a member of Euphorbia, it is classed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is the irritant latex sap (diterpene esters). Ingestion or contact causes drooling, mouth and GI irritation and vomiting, and the milky sap can blister skin and severely irritate eyes. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| fish-skin euphorbia | Euphorbia piscidermis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses per the ASPCA's listing of the Euphorbia genus. The milky latex is an irritant sap; if ingested it irritates the mouth and stomach causing drooling and vomiting, and contact irritates skin and eyes. Keep this collector's plant well out of pets' reach and wear gloves. |
| snowflake euphorbia | Euphorbia polygona | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is the irritant milky sap (latex). Exposure causes mouth, gastrointestinal, skin and eye irritation with drooling and vomiting. Wear gloves when handling and keep away from pets. |
| false cactus euphorbia | Euphorbia pseudocactus | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Euphorbia (e.g., pencil cactus, Euphorbia tirucalli) as toxic, the principle being the irritant milky latex sap; ingestion irritates the mouth and stomach and can cause drooling and vomiting, while sap on skin or in eyes causes burning irritation. Wear gloves and keep away from pets and children. |
| cushion euphorbia | Euphorbia pulvinata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Euphorbia as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is the irritant milky latex sap (diterpene esters). Ingestion or sap contact causes drooling, mouth and gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting, and the sap can blister skin and severely irritate eyes. Keep away from pets and wear gloves when handling. |
| resin spurge | Euphorbia resinifera | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classes Euphorbia (e.g., pencil cactus) as toxic, the principle being the irritant latex sap. This species is especially potent: its latex contains resiniferatoxin, an intensely irritating compound that severely burns skin, eyes, and mucous membranes; ingestion causes mouth and stomach irritation, drooling, and vomiting. Handle only with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| Schoenland's euphorbia | Euphorbia schoenlandii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Euphorbia (e.g., pencil cactus) as toxic, the principle being the irritant milky latex sap characteristic of the genus. Ingestion irritates the mouth and gut, causing drooling and vomiting, and sap on skin or in eyes is caustic. Keep away from pets and handle with gloves. |
| star euphorbia | Euphorbia stellata | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Euphorbia (e.g., pencil cactus) as toxic, the principle being the irritant milky latex sap shared across the genus. Ingestion irritates the mouth and gut, causing drooling and vomiting, and sap on skin or in eyes is caustic. Keep out of reach of pets and handle with gloves. |
| Suzanne's euphorbia | Euphorbia suzannae | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses per the ASPCA's listing of the Euphorbia genus. The milky latex is an irritant sap; ingestion causes mouth and stomach irritation, drooling and vomiting, and contact irritates skin and eyes. Keep out of pets' reach and wear gloves when handling. |
| symmetrical baseball plant | Euphorbia symmetrica | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses per the ASPCA's listing of the Euphorbia genus. The milky latex is an irritant sap; ingestion irritates the mouth and stomach causing drooling and vomiting, and contact irritates skin and eyes. Despite the spineless, harmless look, keep away from pets and wear gloves. |
| firesticks | Euphorbia tirucalli 'Firesticks' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia species, including the pencil cactus group, as toxic to cats and dogs. The copious milky latex is strongly caustic, causing drooling, vomiting and severe irritation if ingested, and intense burning, blistering and potential temporary blindness on contact with skin or eyes. This is one of the more dangerous euphorbias; always wear gloves and eye protection. |
| twisted arm euphorbia | Euphorbia tortirama | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Euphorbia genus (e.g. pencil cactus, Euphorbia tirucalli) as toxic, with irritant milky latex sap as the toxic principle. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting and oral and gastric irritation, and the sap severely irritates skin and eyes. Keep away from pets and always wear gloves when handling. |
| red African milk tree | Euphorbia trigona 'Rubra' | houseplant | Toxic | Euphorbias such as this are ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky white latex sap is the toxic principle: it irritates the mouth and stomach, causing drooling and vomiting, and contact can irritate skin and eyes. Wear gloves when handling and keep away from pets and children. |
| robust euphorbia | Euphorbia valida | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses per the ASPCA's listing of the Euphorbia genus. The white latex is an irritant sap; ingestion irritates the mouth and stomach causing drooling and vomiting, and contact irritates skin and eyes. Keep away from pets and wear gloves when handling. |
| Eureka lemon | Citrus limon 'Eureka' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists lemon (Citrus limon) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens, concentrated in the leaves, peel and stems. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and photosensitive dermatitis; the ripe flesh is less harmful but the plant material should be kept away from pets. |
| European Ash | Fraxinus excelsior | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fraxinus excelsior is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. The genus has no documented toxic principle. Leaves and keys are not known to cause poisoning in companion animals. |
| European Beech | Fagus sylvatica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fagus sylvatica is not listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database; the nuts (mast) and bark contain saponins and tannins, and European beech is regarded as more irritant than American beech. Large ingestions can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and GI upset in dogs and cats. Treat as mildly toxic and consult a vet after significant ingestion. |
| European Chain Fern | Woodwardia radicans | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Woodwardia radicans is not individually listed on the ASPCA database. As a genus not confirmed as non-toxic, and given that some ferns contain thiaminase or other irritant compounds, this species is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes significant quantities. |
| European columbine | Aquilegia vulgaris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aquilegia (columbine) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. All parts contain cyanogenic glycosides, with seeds and roots most potent, and ingestion can cause vomiting and diarrhoea. As a safe label cannot be confirmed against ASPCA, prevent pets from grazing it. |
| lemon cypress | Cupressus macrocarpa 'Goldcrest' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cupressus macrocarpa is NOT included on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant list, so there is no official ASPCA safety rating for it, and secondary sources disagree - several call lemon cypress non-toxic while others report mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) from the aromatic foliage and oils. Because the evidence is ambiguous, do not assume it is safe: keep it away from cats, dogs and curious children, and contact your vet or a pet poison line if any plant material is eaten. |
| European fan palm | Chamaerops humilis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Chamaerops humilis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and its genus (Chamaerops) has no ASPCA-listed members; the commonly cited pet-safe palms (areca/Dypsis, parlor/Chamaedorea) are different genera, so safety cannot be confirmed for this species. No major toxins are documented, but because it is unverified by ASPCA we advise caution and checking with your vet before allowing pets to chew it; the stiff, sometimes spiny fronds can also cause mechanical irritation. |
| European feather grass | Stipa pennata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stipa pennata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA or Pet Poison Helpline. The genus has no reported toxic chemical principles. However, the long, sharp, hygroscopically twisting awns are a significant physical hazard to pets — they can drill through fur, skin, and mucous membranes and require veterinary removal. Not a toxicity concern; purely a mechanical one. |
| Cosford hazel | Corylus avellana 'Cosford' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA does not flag European hazel (Corylus avellana) foliage as toxic, and the species is not on its toxic plant lists; the plant itself is treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The main pet risk is the nuts: whole hazelnuts can cause choking or GI obstruction, are high in fat (pancreatitis risk in dogs), and moldy fallen nuts may carry tremorgenic mycotoxins, so clear dropped nuts. |
| Nottingham Prolific hazel | Corylus avellana 'Nottingham Prolific' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA does not list European hazel (Corylus avellana) foliage as toxic to cats or dogs, and the species is absent from its toxic plant lists, so the plant is treated as non-toxic. The hazard is the nuts themselves: whole hazelnuts can choke or obstruct, are high in fat (pancreatitis risk in dogs), and moldy fallen nuts may carry tremorgenic mycotoxins, so remove dropped nuts. |
| Witchford hazel | Corylus avellana 'Witchford' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA does not classify European hazel (Corylus avellana) foliage as toxic, and the species is not on its toxic plant lists, so the plant is treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The pet concern is the nuts: whole hazelnuts can cause choking or GI blockage, are high in fat (pancreatitis risk in dogs), and moldy fallen nuts may carry tremorgenic mycotoxins, so clear dropped nuts. |
| European Hornbeam | Carpinus betulus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carpinus betulus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat it cautiously as potentially mildly toxic, anticipate possible mild GI upset if foliage is eaten, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| European Larch | Larix decidua | flowering | Mildly toxic | Larix is not individually listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database. Larch wood and foliage are generally regarded as low risk, but conifer resin, bark and needles may cause mild oral irritation or GI upset if chewed. Treat as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe and consult a vet after significant ingestion. |
| European pear | Pyrus communis | edible | Mildly toxic | Pyrus communis seeds contain amygdalin (a cyanogenic glycoside). The ASPCA does not individually list Pyrus communis but cites related Rosaceae with cyanogenic seeds as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Fruit flesh is safe for human consumption. Prevent pets from chewing stems, leaves, or ingesting seeds. |
| European Wild Ginger | Asarum europaeum | flowering | Toxic | Asarum europaeum contains aristolochic acids and asarone, compounds that are toxic to mammals. The ASPCA lists Asarum (wild ginger) as toxic to dogs and cats, potentially causing gastrointestinal upset. Aristolochic acids are also nephrotoxic in humans when ingested in quantity. Keep away from pets and do not consume. Wear gloves when handling as the sap can irritate skin. |
| Europeana | Rosa 'Europeana' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosa species are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The thorns are the only meaningful hazard, so keep pets from chewing stems. |
| Eveline's wax plant | Hoya evelinae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with entries for Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic with no known toxic principles. Hoya evelinae is not individually listed, but no Hoya species appears on the ASPCA toxic list. As with any plant, ingesting large quantities may cause mild, transient stomach upset in pets. |
| Even-stamen Columnea | Columnea isandrantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Columnea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in the genus; ingestion is not considered dangerous beyond possible mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| everflame hook sedge | Uncinia rubra 'Everflame' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Uncinia rubra, this plant is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus is not a known poisonous group and is generally treated as low-risk, but absent an explicit ASPCA listing it should be regarded as uncertain; ingestion may cause mild stomach upset and the hooked seeds can snag in fur. Verify with a vet if a pet consumes a large quantity. |
| Evergold Japanese sedge | Carex oshimensis 'Evergold' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex oshimensis is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. 'Evergold' is considered non-toxic; as with any plant, consuming large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| evergold sedge | Carex oshimensis 'Evergold' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Carex (sedge) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with most grass-like plants, nibbling may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Evergreen candytuft | Iberis sempervirens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Iberis sempervirens is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database, but as a member of the Brassicaceae family it contains glucosinolates that may cause gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs if ingested in quantity. Some secondary sources report potential cardiac, renal, and hepatic effects with large ingestion. Treat with caution around pets and seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Evergreen huckleberry | Vaccinium ovatum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vaccinium ovatum is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Vaccinium has no reported toxic principles. The berries are edible for humans and the plant poses no known toxicity risk to pets. |
| evergreen miscanthus | Miscanthus transmorrisonensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus transmorrisonensis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Miscanthus contains no known toxic principles to dogs or cats, and this species is considered non-toxic for household pets. |
| Perennial sweet pea | Lathyrus latifolius | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats (the ASPCA 'Sweet Pea' entry covers exactly this species, Lathyrus latifolius). Note it is classified toxic to horses, with aminopropionitrile causing neurological signs in equines, so keep it out of horse pasture. |
| excellent pitcher plant | Sarracenia x excellens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The digestive fluid inside pitchers is mildly acidic and enzymatic but poses no systemic risk. |
| Expanded Lobster Claw | Heliconia latispatha | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia is not currently listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No well-documented toxic principle is known, but ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. Apply the precautionary 'mildly-toxic' classification until formal ASPCA listing confirms safety. |
| Exquisite Masdevallia | Masdevallia exquisita | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Masdevallia is listed by the ASPCA as 'Tailed Orchid' (Masdevallia spp.), classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are known for this genus or the Orchidaceae family. Mild GI upset may occur if plant material is ingested in large amounts. |
| Extended Alcantarea | Alcantarea extensa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae, including Alcantarea, is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified in Alcantarea extensa. The leaf tips and edges are firm and can cause minor physical abrasions. |
| Eyebright | Euphrasia nemorosa | herb | Mildly toxic | Euphrasia nemorosa is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. It has a long history of medicinal use in herbal eye remedies (hence the common name), and no significant toxic principles have been documented. Classified as mildly-toxic rather than pet-safe as a precaution, since its absence from the ASPCA database means confirmed non-toxic status cannot be stated. |
| Eyelash Begonia | Begonia bowerae | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, which cause oral irritation, vomiting and salivation, with the tubers/rhizome (the underground part) being the most toxic. Keep this plant out of reach of pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA poison line (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Eyelash begonia | Begonia bowerae | houseplant | Toxic | Listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA under the entry 'Eyelash Begonia'. Contains soluble calcium oxalates; signs of ingestion include vomiting, excessive salivation, and in grazing animals potential kidney failure. |
| Eyelash Sage | Salvia blepharophylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) and scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea) as non-toxic to dogs and cats; Salvia blepharophylla belongs to the same genus and is considered non-toxic. Essential oils derived from sage should never be used on or around pets. |
| Ezo Spruce | Picea jezoensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea is not individually listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database. Spruce is generally regarded as low risk and its needles are not classically poisonous, but chewing the sharp needles, bark or resinous sap can cause mild mouth irritation or stomach upset. Treat as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe and verify with a vet after notable ingestion. |
| Fadang | Cycas micronesica | tropical | Toxic | Cycas micronesica contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glycoside) throughout all plant parts, with the highest concentration in seeds. The ASPCA lists the Cycas genus as toxic to dogs and cats; ingestion causes acute hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and potentially fatal liver failure. Historically, humans on Guam improperly processed fadang seeds containing BMAA, linked to ALS-PDC neurological disease, reinforcing how dangerous this plant is. |
| Dawyck Beech | Fagus sylvatica 'Dawyck' | flowering | Toxic | Beech (Fagus) is flagged as toxic to dogs and cats by Pet Poison Helpline and other toxic-plant references. The nuts (beechnuts), husks and foliage contain saponins, fagine and tannins; ingestion — especially of green nuts in quantity — can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Keep pets from eating fallen beechnuts. |
| Weeping Beech | Fagus sylvatica 'Pendula' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Fagus sylvatica cultivar, the beech nuts contain tannins and saponins and can cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs if eaten in quantity, with green nuts most hazardous. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Purple Beech | Fagus sylvatica 'Purpurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Beech nuts contain tannins and saponins (fagin) and in quantity can cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs; green or unripe nuts are the most hazardous. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Fairies' Thimbles | Campanula cochleariifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles reported in veterinary literature; considered non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. |
| fairy aprons | Utricularia dichotoma | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Utricularia is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. No toxic compounds are documented for the genus. The bladder traps are microscopic and designed for invertebrate prey; they pose no risk to cats or dogs. The plants are considered safe for use in homes with pets. |
| Fairy bells | Melasphaerula ramosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Melasphaerula ramosa is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. As a member of the family Iridaceae — which includes genera (Iris, Gladiolus, Freesia) known to cause GI irritation, salivation, vomiting, and diarrhoea in cats and dogs — and bearing corms (the most concentrated plant part), a mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution. Keep away from pets until individual species data is available. |
| Fairy castle cactus | Acanthocereus tetragonus 'Fairy Castle' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA does not individually list Acanthocereus tetragonus, and no member of the genus Acanthocereus appears on its database, so a pet-safe status cannot be confirmed (the non-toxic cacti the ASPCA does list — such as Christmas, Mistletoe, Old Man, Thimble, and Tree/Opuntia cactus — are all different genera). Cacti are generally not chemically poisonous, but ingestion can still cause vomiting or GI upset, so treat it as mildly toxic and verify with your vet. The bigger hazard is the sharp spines, which can injure curious pets, children, or skin. |
| Fairy fan-flower | Scaevola aemula | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scaevola aemula is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported in the horticultural literature for this genus. It is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats, though ingestion of any plant material in quantity may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fairy Flax | Linum catharticum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Linum catharticum contains linamarin, a cyanogenic glycoside. Livestock (particularly cattle and sheep) can be poisoned if they consume significant quantities; cyanide released on digestion blocks oxygen delivery to tissues. The plant is reportedly avoided by grazing animals due to bitter taste. No specific ASPCA listing exists for this species; classified as mildly-toxic given the confirmed cyanogenic glycoside content. Pets should be kept away from this plant. |
| Fairy thimbles | Campanula cochleariifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula species are generally listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; however, ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation such as vomiting or diarrhoea. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precautionary measure in the absence of a specific ASPCA entry for this species. |
| Falconer's sundew | Drosera falconeri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera falconeri is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No systemic toxins are documented in the genus; contact with the sticky mucilage may cause transient local irritation but poses no known health risk to pets. |
| Russian vine | Fallopia baldschuanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fallopia baldschuanica is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. As a knotweed-family climber it is not a known severe toxin, but absence from the ASPCA list means pet-safety cannot be asserted. |
| False aralia | Plerandra elegantissima | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists False Aralia (Dizygotheca elegantissima, family Araliaceae) as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Cats and Horses, with toxic principles recorded as "Non-toxic." Note it is unrelated in toxicity to the true Schefflera (umbrella plant), which the ASPCA lists as toxic, so don't confuse the two — verify by botanical name when buying. |
| False indigo bush | Amorpha fruticosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Amorpha fruticosa contains rotenone-related and amorphin alkaloid compounds; while not specifically listed as toxic by ASPCA, ingestion of seeds or foliage has caused emesis and mild gastrointestinal upset in livestock records. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution pending specific ASPCA listing. |
| False pereskia peperomia | Peperomia pseudopereskiifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species (family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no identified toxic principle. Large quantities of ingested plant material may cause transient, mild gastrointestinal irritation from bulk fibre alone, but there is no recognised toxin associated with this genus. |
| purple shamrock | Oxalis triangularis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Oxalis as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to soluble oxalates. Large ingestions can cause kidney issues; small nibbles cause mild GI upset. |
| False Solomon's Seal | Maianthemum racemosum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The berries contain steroidal saponins and mild laxative compounds; ingestion of large quantities may cause gastrointestinal upset in humans and pets. Maianthemum racemosum is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, but related genus members (formerly Smilacina) have reported irritant properties. Treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Falstaff Rose | Rosa 'Falstaff' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; all true Rosa species are classified non-toxic. The realistic hazard is mechanical injury from thorns, while chewed leaves or petals cause at most mild stomach upset. |
| Fama White scabiosa | Scabiosa caucasica 'Fama White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scabiosa caucasica is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for this species in veterinary poison databases. It is considered safe around dogs and cats, though ingestion of any plant material in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Fan Air Plant | Tillandsia flabellata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic compounds; fibrous leaf material may cause minor gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Fanal astilbe | Astilbe x arendsii 'Fanal' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astilbe x arendsii cultivars, including 'Fanal', belong to a genus listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are reported. |
| Fanged Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes bicalcarata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and no confirmed toxicity cases in cats or dogs have been recorded. The digestive enzymes inside pitchers may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution pending formal ASPCA listing. |
| Farewell-to-spring | Clarkia amoena | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Clarkia amoena is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and the Onagraceae family has no documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. It is generally regarded as pet-safe, though ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Farrer's gentian | Gentiana farreri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana farreri is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus Gentiana contains bitter secoiridoid glycosides (including gentiopicroside and amarogentin) that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea if ingested by cats or dogs in quantity. A mildly-toxic rating is applied as a precaution pending specific ASPCA confirmation. |
| Fascinator Zebra Plant | Aphelandra fascinator | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aphelandra squarrosa (the most closely related and widely studied Aphelandra species) is confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (Saffron Spike Zebra listing). Aphelandra fascinator belongs to the same Acanthaceae family and genus with no known toxic principles identified. Treat as pet-safe, though ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Irish Yew | Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Taxus (yew), including English yew, as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Taxine alkaloids in foliage, bark and seeds can cause muscle tremors, dyspnea, seizures and sudden death from cardiac failure. Only the red aril flesh is safe. As one of the most poisonous garden plants, keep all prunings and seeds away from pets and livestock. |
| Fat Albert Spruce | Picea pungens 'Fat Albert' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea (spruce) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so pet-safe status is not ASPCA-confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The rigid, sharp needles and resinous sap can cause oral injury, drooling and mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed. |
| white tiger jaws | Faucaria bosscheana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Faucaria is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe from an authoritative source. Although widely described as harmless, this is not ASPCA-grounded. Treat with caution, keep away from cats and dogs, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| wolf jaws | Faucaria lupina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Faucaria is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Hobbyist sources commonly describe Faucaria (tiger/wolf jaws) as non-toxic, but because the ASPCA does not list it, a verified pet-safe claim cannot be made here. |
| pebbled tiger jaws | Faucaria tuberculosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Faucaria tuberculosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While its family Aizoaceae includes the ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic Living Stones (Lithops), Faucaria itself has no direct ASPCA listing, so a pet-safe claim cannot be guaranteed. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Faulkner box | Buxus microphylla 'Faulkner' | flowering | Toxic | As a Buxus species, listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Alkaloids (buxine) in all plant parts cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. Bitter taste limits ingestion. Keep pets away from fresh clippings, which are more palatable when wilted. |
| Broad bean | Vicia faba | edible | Toxic | Vicia faba is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but it is a notable hazard: the beans contain vicine and convicine, which cause favism, a serious haemolytic (red-blood-cell-destroying) reaction in people and animals with G6PD deficiency, and the raw beans are otherwise hard to digest. Given this haemolytic risk, treat as toxic and keep beans, pods and plant parts away from pets; verify with a vet on any ingestion. |
| Feather cactus | Mammillaria plumosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mammillaria plumosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists the related Mammillaria fragilis (thimble cactus) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and no Mammillaria species is listed as toxic (the only toxic "cactus" on the ASPCA list, pencil cactus, is an unrelated Euphorbia). It is treated as pet-safe; verify with your vet. Note the soft spines are still a physical hazard if chewed. |
| feather grass | Stipa barbata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stipa (feather grass) genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA or Pet Poison Helpline and has no reported toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. Note that the long, sharp awns can physically injure pets if ingested or lodged in fur, ears, or skin — a mechanical hazard, not a toxic one. |
| feathertop grass | Pennisetum villosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pennisetum species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (Pennisetum setaceum is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). P. villosum belongs to the same genus with no reported toxic principles. Minor gastrointestinal upset is possible if pets consume large quantities of plant material. |
| Feathery Air Plant | Tillandsia plumosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion of the feathery trichomes is not harmful, though it may cause minor mechanical irritation if consumed in large quantities. |
| Feelin' Blue Deodar Cedar | Cedrus deodara 'Feelin' Blue' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Cedrus species (including C. deodara) are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the four true cedars are considered harmless to pets, unlike unrelated 'cedar' trees such as Melia azedarach (white cedar) which are highly toxic. |
| Feijoa | Acca sellowiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Acca sellowiana is not clearly listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so treat its status as uncertain and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is widely eaten and generally considered safe, but the seeds and leaves can contain cyanogenic compounds, and pets eating large amounts of seed or foliage may show GI upset; keep pets away from fallen fruit and prunings. |
| Felicia | Rosa 'Felicia' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species, 'Rose', non-toxic, no toxic principle). The plant tissue is not poisonous; only the prickles and thorns can cause physical scratches if a pet brushes against or chews the canes. |
| Felty Germander | Teucrium polium | herb | Mildly toxic | Teucrium polium contains neoclerodane diterpenes including teucrin A, which are documented hepatotoxins; human cases of germander-induced hepatitis have been reported in the medical literature (Annals of Internal Medicine, PubMed). The plant is not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Ingestion by pets or people should be strictly avoided. |
| Female Bamboo | Bambusa balcooa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa species are not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic compounds have been identified in Bambusa balcooa; the genus is widely considered safe for dogs, cats, and humans. |
| orange baby toes | Fenestraria aurantiaca | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Fenestraria aurantiaca is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and the limited sources that mention baby toes toxicity disagree. Without ASPCA confirmation of non-toxic status, we treat it cautiously: keep it away from pets that nibble plants and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. There is no documented serious poisoning, but the lack of an ASPCA listing means it should not be labelled pet-safe. |
| baby toes plant | Fenestraria rhopalophylla | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Fenestraria rhopalophylla is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and published sources conflict on its safety. Because it cannot be confirmed as non-toxic on ASPCA grounds, treat it with caution, keep it out of reach of curious pets, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. No serious poisoning is documented, but absence of an ASPCA non-toxic listing means we do not label it pet-safe. |
| Florence fennel (bulbing) | Foeniculum vulgare | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Foeniculum vulgare is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe for cats and dogs in moderation. Aromatic oils may cause GI upset in very large amounts. |
| Fennel-leaved sea lavender | Limonium ferulaceum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (statice / sea lavender) is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic species; it is widely considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, though large ingestions may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| methi | Trigonella foenum-graecum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trigonella foenum-graecum is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe for cats and dogs in moderation. People should avoid medicinal doses during pregnancy. |
| Fern-leaf begonia | Begonia bipinnatifida | tropical | Toxic | The genus Begonia is listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Contains soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion causes vomiting and salivation in dogs and cats, and can lead to kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| far east maiden grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Ferner Osten' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain — verify with a vet before assuming safety. The practical hazard is mechanical: the leaf edges are sharp and seed awns can lodge in mouths, paws or ears, and ingestion of any grass can cause mild GI upset. |
| Fernleaf Dill | Anethum graveolens 'Fernleaf' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Anethum graveolens (dill) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Fresh herb and dried leaves are safe in small amounts. Concentrated dill essential oil is not safe for pets and should not be used around them. |
| Fernleaf lavender | Lavandula multifida | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Linalool and linalyl acetate are the toxic compounds; clinical signs include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. |
| Fernleaf yarrow | Achillea filipendulina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Achillea species (milfoil/yarrow) are listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Toxic principles include glycoalkaloids, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpene lactones, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, anorexia, and dermatitis. A. filipendulina is not individually named but belongs to the same genus with the same toxic principles. |
| Blue Barrel Cactus | Ferocactus glaucescens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ferocactus is not on the ASPCA's toxic plant list, and cacti are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The real risk is mechanical injury from the sharp spines rather than poisoning; keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Devil's Tongue Barrel | Ferocactus latispinus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ferocactus is not listed on the ASPCA's toxic plant database, and cacti are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The serious hazard here is mechanical — its broad hooked spines can cause significant injury — so keep it well away from pets and children. |
| Schwarz's Barrel Cactus | Ferocactus schwarzii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ferocactus is not listed on the ASPCA's toxic plant database, and cacti are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The mild spines pose less mechanical risk than most barrels, but it is not a food plant and should be kept from being chewed. |
| Fertility pear | Pyrus communis 'Fertility' | edible | Mildly toxic | As with all Pyrus communis cultivars, seeds contain amygdalin (a cyanogenic glycoside). The ripe fruit flesh is safe and nutritious. ASPCA considers pear fruit non-toxic to dogs and cats; seeds carry minimal risk at typical consumption levels but should not be deliberately fed to pets. |
| Fetcani Pass Twinspur | Diascia fetcaniensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Diascia fetcaniensis is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no specific toxic principle has been identified in the genus; however, because it lacks a formal non-toxic classification, caution is advised around pets and children. |
| feverfew | Tanacetum parthenium | herb | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats and horses. As a member of the genus Tanacetum (the chrysanthemum/Asteraceae group that the ASPCA lists as toxic), it contains sesquiterpene lactones (including parthenolide) and pyrethrin-type compounds; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, incoordination and dermatitis. The plant and its sap are also a recognised human contact allergen. |
| Few-flowered Abutilon | Abutilon pauciflorum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abutilon is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs and is considered non-toxic; ingestion of large quantities of plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| few-flowered lysionotus | Lysionotus pauciflorus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lysionotus pauciflorus is a member of Gesneriaceae. The ASPCA lists many genera in this family as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Lysionotus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for this genus. No significant evidence of toxicity to common household pets has been reported. |
| Few-flowered Neoregelia | Neoregelia pauciflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Few-flowered wax plant | Hoya pauciflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya (wax plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya pauciflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is broadly regarded as non-toxic; mild gastrointestinal upset may follow ingestion of large quantities. |
| Few-leaflet Zamia | Zamia paucijuga | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia paucijuga, including seeds, caudex, and fronds, are severely toxic. Cycads contain cycasin (a potent hepatotoxin) and BMAA (a neurotoxin). ASPCA lists Zamia spp. as toxic to dogs and cats, causing vomiting, liver failure, seizures, and death. Immediate veterinary attention is critical if any part is ingested. |
| Few-Toothed Tiger Jaws | Faucaria paucidens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Faucaria species are not included on the ASPCA toxic plant list. Faucaria paucidens is not known to contain compounds harmful to cats or dogs. The leaf teeth, though they look sharp, are soft and non-injurious. Ingesting any plant material may cause mild stomach upset in sensitive animals. |
| fiber optic grass | Isolepis cernua | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Isolepis cernua is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe and third-party sources conflict; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is harmless. Discourage pets from chewing the foliage and seed heads, which could cause stomach upset or, like other sedges, minor mechanical irritation. |
| burgundy rubber plant | Ficus elastica 'Abidjan' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA does not list the 'Abidjan' cultivar by name, but it lists the genus Ficus (under "Fig", Ficus benjamina) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with the toxic principles given as proteolytic enzyme (ficin) and psoralen (ficusin) causing gastrointestinal and dermal irritation. Ficus elastica shares the same irritant milky latex sap, so this plant is treated as toxic; keep it away from pets and children, and verify with your vet if an animal chews it. |
| Yellow Gem ficus | Ficus altissima 'Yellow Gem' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists figs (Ficus, family Moraceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the milky sap contains the proteolytic enzyme ficin and the photosensitising compound psoralen (ficusin), causing gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| banyan tree | Ficus benghalensis | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ficus species as toxic to cats and dogs due to ficin in the milky sap. Causes oral irritation, vomiting, and dermatitis. |
| compact rubber plant | Ficus elastica 'Melany' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Ficus (fig / rubber plant, also called Indian Rubber Plant) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses: the milky latex sap contains the proteolytic enzyme ficin and the photosensitiser psoralen (ficusin), which cause gastrointestinal and dermal irritation. Like all Ficus elastica forms, this 'Melany' cultivar should be kept away from pets, and wear gloves when pruning. |
| Chinese Banyan | Ficus microcarpa | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ficus (weeping fig and the genus broadly) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are proteolytic enzyme (ficin) in the milky latex plus psoralen (ficusin); ingestion or sap contact causes oral/GI irritation, drooling, vomiting and dermatitis. Keep out of reach and wash sap off skin. |
| Miniature Creeping Fig | Ficus pumila 'Minima' | houseplant | Toxic | Listed by the ASPCA under Ficus (Fig) as toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap contains ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and psoralens; chewing or skin contact causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and dermatitis. Keep this carpeting plant out of reach of pets that chew foliage. |
| Variegated Creeping Fig | Ficus pumila 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Listed by the ASPCA under Ficus (Fig) as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex sap contains the proteolytic enzyme ficin (and psoralens), which on chewing or skin contact causes oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting and dermatitis. Keep trailing stems away from pets that nibble. |
| Taiwan ficus | Ficus retusa | houseplant | Toxic | Ficus is listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses by the ASPCA (e.g. weeping fig, Ficus benjamina). The milky latex sap contains the toxic principles ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and the psoralen ficusin, causing oral and gastrointestinal irritation, drooling and vomiting if chewed, and skin irritation on contact. Keep away from pets. |
| pink variegated rubber plant | Ficus elastica 'Ruby' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ficus (fig) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to the milky latex sap, which contains the proteolytic enzyme ficin and the photosensitiser ficusin and irritates skin and digestive tracts. Like all Ficus elastica forms, this Ruby cultivar should be kept away from pets, and gloves worn when pruning. |
| variegated rubber plant | Ficus elastica 'Tineke' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Ficus (rubber plant / fig) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses: the milky latex sap contains the proteolytic enzyme ficin and the photosensitiser ficusin (psoralen), which irritate the mouth, digestive tract, and skin. Like all Ficus elastica forms, this Tineke cultivar should be kept away from pets, and wear gloves when pruning. |
| fiddle leaf | Ficus lyrata | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ficus lyrata as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The milky sap contains ficin and proteolytic enzymes that cause skin and oral irritation, vomiting, and refusal to eat. |
| dwarf fiddle-leaf fig | Ficus lyrata 'Bambino' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Ficus as toxic, with toxic principles ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and ficusin (psoralen) in the milky sap. Chewing leaves or contact with the sap can cause mouth and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and reduced appetite. Position out of pets' reach. |
| Fiddle-leaf Pelargonium | Pelargonium panduriforme | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Geraniol and linalool are the toxic principles; signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Keep P. panduriforme away from all pets. |
| Field Bindweed | Convolvulus arvensis | flowering | Toxic | Convolvulus arvensis contains alkaloids (including tropane-related compounds) and resins that are toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists related Convolvulus species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; ingestion can cause GI upset, hallucinations, and ataxia. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, incoordination, and lethargy. |
| Field Chickweed | Cerastium arvense | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cerastium arvense (Caryophyllaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. Generally regarded as safe around pets and children. |
| Field Elm Bonsai | Ulmus minor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ulmus minor is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and there is no genus-level ASPCA ruling for elms. Treat it as uncertain rather than assuming it is pet-safe; discourage pets from chewing foliage and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Field Garlic | Allium oleraceum | edible | Toxic | All Allium species, including Allium oleraceum, are toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are N-propyl disulfide and other organosulfoxide compounds, which cause oxidative damage to red blood cells, Heinz body formation, haemolytic anaemia, and methemoglobinaemia. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, pale gums, and collapse. The ASPCA lists Allium species as toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Field Gladiolus | Gladiolus italicus | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the genus Gladiolus, G. italicus is toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (ASPCA). All parts — especially the corms — contain compounds that cause vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and gastrointestinal distress upon ingestion. |
| Field Horsetail | Equisetum arvense | herb | Mildly toxic | Equisetum arvense contains thiaminase and horse-toxic alkaloids (equisetine). Significant ingestion — especially by horses and livestock — causes thiamine deficiency, leading to neurological signs. For dogs and cats, mild gastrointestinal upset may occur with large ingestion. The ASPCA does not individually list E. arvense but veterinary sources treat the genus as moderately toxic. Herbal preparations for human use are regulated supplements; avoid long-term unsupervised human use (diuretic effect, potential kidney irritation). Always consult a qualified herbalist. |
| field marigold | Calendula arvensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calendula officinalis (garden/pot marigold, same genus) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Calendula arvensis belongs to the same genus and shares no known toxic principles. Both species are edible and used in herbal medicine. Some individuals may experience contact dermatitis from the resinous sap. |
| Field Mouse-ear | Cerastium arvense | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cerastium arvense is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. It belongs to the Caryophyllaceae family, which is not a recognized toxic plant group, and no veterinary toxicity reports were identified. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precaution given the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing; consult a vet if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| Field poppy | Papaver rhoeas | flowering | Mildly toxic | Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae) contains isoquinoline alkaloids including rhoeadine and papaverine in low concentrations, less potent than P. somniferum. ASPCA does not list it individually. Ingestion of leaves or seeds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets; large quantities could cause sedation. Treat as mildly toxic; avoid access by dogs and cats. |
| Field Quesnelia | Quesnelia arvensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Quesnelia arvensis is not individually cited, but no toxic compounds are associated with the genus or family. |
| Field Sage | Salvia campestris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) genus is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Salvia campestris is not individually assessed, but as a member of the same non-toxic genus it is considered non-toxic; avoid ingestion of large quantities as a precaution. |
| field scabious | Knautia arvensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Knautia arvensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database (the ASPCA 'Scabious/Pincushion Flower' entry refers to the unrelated Leucospermum incisum), so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not recorded as significantly poisonous and has a long history as a herbal plant, but pet exposure is best avoided pending confirmation. |
| Fiery Masdevallia | Masdevallia ignea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds are documented for Masdevallia ignea specifically. The genus and broader Orchidaceae family have no known toxic principles. |
| Black Mission fig | Ficus carica 'Black Mission' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists fig (Ficus) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Foliage and white sap contain ficin (proteolytic enzyme) and psoralen (ficusin), producing drooling, oral and GI irritation, vomiting and phototoxic skin reactions. The ripe figs are safe and prized for people; keep pets from the leaves and sap. |
| Brown Turkey fig | Ficus carica 'Brown Turkey' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA classifies fig (Ficus) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Leaves and milky sap contain ficin and ficusin (psoralen), causing oral and gastrointestinal irritation, drooling, vomiting and phototoxic skin dermatitis. The ripe fruit is edible for people; prevent pets from chewing foliage or contacting sap. |
| Celeste fig | Ficus carica 'Celeste' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA classifies fig (Ficus) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaves and milky latex contain ficin and ficusin (psoralen), causing oral/GI irritation, drooling, vomiting and phototoxic dermatitis on skin contact. The ripe sugar figs are edible for humans; keep pets away from foliage and sap. |
| Fig-leaf Gourd | Cucurbita ficifolia | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita ficifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Cucurbita genus has no known toxic principle to dogs or cats. Related squash species are listed as non-toxic by ASPCA. The flesh is consumed widely in human diets; no toxicity reports exist for pets. |
| Barcelona filbert | Corylus maxima 'Barcelona' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA does not list hazel/filbert (Corylus) foliage as toxic, and the genus is absent from its toxic plant lists, so the plant is treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The risk lies in the nuts: whole hazelnuts can choke or obstruct the gut, are high in fat (pancreatitis risk in dogs), and moldy fallen nuts may carry tremorgenic mycotoxins, so remove dropped nuts. |
| Ennis filbert | Corylus maxima 'Ennis' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Corylus (hazel/filbert) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and hazelnuts are a recognised edible nut. No toxic principle is associated with the foliage or nuts; treat as non-toxic to cats and dogs, though rich fatty nuts can cause stomach upset or pose a choking/obstruction hazard if a pet gorges on them. |
| Fernspray Hinoki Cypress | Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Filicoides' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic foliage contains volatile oils and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. |
| Gold Thread Sawara Cypress | Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera Aurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic foliage contains volatile oils and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. |
| Filmy Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum diaphanum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum (maidenhair ferns) are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. |
| Finger Cactus | Mammillaria vetula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| finger lime | Microcitrus australasica | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Citrus species (including limes) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens concentrated in the peel, leaves, stems and seeds. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and, with skin contact, photosensitive dermatitis. As a Microcitrus (a true citrus relative), treat the finger lime the same way. |
| Finger poppy mallow | Callirhoe digitata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Callirhoe digitata is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While PFAF records the cooked root as edible, confirmed pet-safety data specific to this species is absent. It is classified here as mildly toxic as a precaution. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Fingered sedge | Carex digitata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; Carex digitata is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| fingerroot ginger | Boesenbergia rotunda | herb | Mildly toxic | Boesenbergia rotunda is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. The rhizomes are widely consumed as a culinary spice by humans with no known harmful effects. Closely related Zingiberaceae genera (Hedychium, Kaempferia) are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA; however, since this species specifically is unconfirmed, classify as mildly-toxic out of caution — consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Fingers Anthurium | Anthurium pedatoradiatum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium pedatoradiatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is an aroid (family Araceae) containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, and the ASPCA lists other Anthurium species such as Anthurium scherzeranum (Flamingo Flower) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Chewing can cause oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Fingertips | Dudleya edulis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya edulis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Dudleya (Crassulaceae) has no reported toxic principle and is considered safe for cats and dogs. The species epithet 'edulis' (edible) refers to historical use of leaves by Indigenous Californians, further supporting its non-toxic status. |
| Finlaysonii Wax Plant | Hoya finlaysonii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya finlaysonii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Hoya genus is clean: the ASPCA lists genus members Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no Hoya species listed as toxic. It is considered pet-safe, though as always verify with your vet, and ingestion of any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Fire Alarm coral bells | Heuchera 'Fire Alarm' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Heuchera/coral bells, also listed as alumroot). Large nibbles can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Fire and Ice hosta | Hosta 'Fire and Ice' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep pets from chewing the foliage and dispose of clippings out of reach. |
| Fire Barrel Cactus | Ferocactus stainesii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ferocactus stainesii is not individually listed by ASPCA. No systemic toxins are documented for this genus, but ingestion of plant tissue may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. The extremely sharp, hooked red spines pose a significant physical injury risk. Keep away from children and pets. |
| Mexican Lime Cactus | Ferocactus pilosus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ferocactus pilosus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so chemical pet-safety is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. There is no notable toxic compound, but the dense, stiff red spines pose a serious mechanical hazard — they can lodge in a pet's mouth, paws, or digestive tract. Site it where pets cannot brush against it. |
| Orange Crown Cactus | Rebutia fiebrigii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rebutia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic compound is documented for the cactus family. The real risk is physical injury from the dense, fine spines, so keep the plant out of pets' reach. |
| Firebush | Hamelia patens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hamelia patens is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The plant contains trace alkaloids that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in large quantities. No severe toxicity has been documented in pets or humans; nonetheless, keep away from animals that habitually chew plants and supervise children around the berries. |
| Firecracker plant | Gesneria cuneifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gesneria cuneifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, the broader Gesneriaceae family — which includes African violets (confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA) and other gesneriads — has no reported toxic principle. Exercise caution and consult a vet if a pet ingests a large quantity. |
| Firecracker Plant | Russelia equisetiformis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Russelia equisetiformis (family Plantaginaceae) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No confirmed toxic principle has been documented in the genus. Most authorities consider it non-toxic to pets, though ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. If a pet ingests a significant amount, consult a veterinarian. |
| Fireflush rex begonia | Begonia 'Fireflush' | houseplant | Toxic | Begonia 'Fireflush' is part of the Begonia genus, listed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Soluble oxalates present throughout the plant (most concentrated in the roots) cause oral irritation, hypersalivation, vomiting, and dysphagia in pets that ingest any part of the plant. |
| Firefly Heather | Calluna vulgaris 'Firefly' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris cultivars including 'Firefly' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxic principles affecting dogs or cats. |
| firesticks | Euphorbia tirucalli 'Sticks on Fire' | houseplant | Toxic | Pencil cactus (Euphorbia tirucalli) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. The milky latex sap is the toxic principle: it severely irritates the mouth, skin and especially the eyes (risking corneal injury) and causes drooling and vomiting if ingested. Always wear gloves and eye protection; keep well away from pets and children. |
| Firethorn | Pyracantha coccinea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pyracantha is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The berries and foliage contain trace cyanogenic compounds and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so keep pets from grazing on fallen berries. |
| Fischer's begonia | Begonia fischeri | tropical | Toxic | Begonia fischeri is listed under the genus Begonia by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are soluble calcium oxalates, which cause immediate oral irritation, hypersalivation, pawing at the mouth, nausea, and vomiting; the underground portions contain the highest concentrations. |
| Fischer's wax plant | Hoya fischeriana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with entries for Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic with no known toxic principles. Hoya fischeriana is not individually listed but belongs to this non-toxic genus. Ingesting large amounts of any plant foliage may cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| fish pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Fish' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum annuum (the Fish pepper) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, so pet-safe status cannot be affirmatively claimed; the ASPCA 'Ornamental Pepper' listing is for Solanum pseudocapsicum, a different plant. Capsaicin in these medium-hot pods is a mucous-membrane and GI irritant to cats and dogs, so treat with caution, keep pods and the attractive foliage out of reach, and consult a vet if a pet ingests any. |
| Zigzag Cactus | Epiphyllum anguliger | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Epiphyllum). The spineless stems carry no toxic chemical and pose no significant mechanical hazard, making it a well-suited trailing plant for homes with pets. |
| Fishbone Fern | Nephrolepis cordifolia 'Plumosa' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nephrolepis cordifolia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (the same species is sold as the ASPCA-listed Duffii/lemon button fern). It carries no toxic principle, though eating a lot may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Fishbone Prayer Plant | Ctenanthe burle-marxii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Fishbone Prayer Plant (Ctenanthe burle-marxii) is a prayer plant (family Marantaceae). It is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, and the ASPCA 'Prayer Plant' entry is filed under the related Calathea (Goeppertia), a different genus, so true Maranta/Ctenanthe is not ASPCA-confirmed. It has no known toxic compounds and is generally kept safely around pets, but treat it as mildly toxic and check with your vet to be sure. |
| Red-Headed Irishman | Mammillaria spinosissima | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Arizona Barrel Cactus | Ferocactus wislizeni | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ferocactus is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and North Carolina State Extension marks it as non-toxic to both. No toxic principle is documented for the cactus family. The serious hazard is mechanical: the stout, barbed fishhook spines can cause deep puncture wounds, so site it well away from pets and children. |
| Fishtail Holly Fern | Cyrtomium caryotideum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyrtomium ferns are in the family Dryopteridaceae. No toxic principles are reported for the genus Cyrtomium. The ASPCA lists Cyrtomium falcatum (a close relative) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Cyrtomium caryotideum is not individually listed but shares the same genus and family with no known toxic compounds. |
| clustering fishtail palm | Caryota mitis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Caryota mitis fruit and sap contain oxalic acid crystals that cause skin and mucous-membrane irritation in pets and people. Wear gloves when pruning. |
| Fishtail Parlour Palm | Chamaedorea ernesti-augusti | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Chamaedorea is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Chamaedorea ernesti-augusti is not individually listed but no toxic compounds are known; it shares the genus-level non-toxic classification. |
| Fishtail Sword Fern | Nephrolepis falcata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nephrolepis falcata belongs to the Nephrolepis genus, which is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been identified in this species. |
| nerve plant | Fittonia albivenis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fittonia albivenis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Frankie fittonia | Fittonia albivenis 'Frankie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Fittonia (nerve plant) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. 'Frankie' is a cultivar of Fittonia albivenis and carries no reported toxic principle, making it a safe choice for pet households, though eating large amounts of any foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| White nerve plant | Fittonia albivenis 'White Anne' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (nerve plant, Fittonia). It poses no recognised poisoning risk, though nibbling large amounts could cause minor digestive upset. |
| Juanita nerve plant | Fittonia albivenis 'Juanita' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (under Nerve Plant, Fittonia). No toxic principle is reported; ingestion of the fibrous leaves may at most cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Pink nerve plant | Fittonia albivenis 'Pink Angel' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (nerve plant, Fittonia). Large quantities may still cause mild stomach upset, but it carries no recognised toxic principle. |
| Purple vein nerve plant | Fittonia albivenis 'Purple Vein' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (under Nerve Plant, Fittonia). No toxic principle is reported; pets that chew the leaves may experience only mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Red Anne nerve plant | Fittonia albivenis 'Red Anne' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Fittonia (nerve plant) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. 'Red Anne' shares this status. While not poisonous, ingestion of any houseplant can occasionally cause mild stomach upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| Skeleton fittonia | Fittonia albivenis 'Skeleton' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (under Nerve Plant, Fittonia). No toxic principle is reported, though chewing fibrous foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset in pets that overindulge. |
| five fingers arrowhead vine | Syngonium angustatum | houseplant | Toxic | Syngonium species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. S. angustatum shares this toxicity profile. Ingestion causes oral irritation, excessive drooling, and vomiting. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Five-leaf akebia | Akebia x pentaphylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Akebia is not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Related species Akebia quinata has no reported toxic principle and is considered low-hazard. However, as a hybrid without dedicated ASPCA listing, and given that the fruits and seeds of related species may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in quantity, caution is advised with pets and children. |
| Five-nerved wax plant | Hoya quinquenervia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus (wax plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya quinquenervia is regarded as safe in a pet household; consuming a large quantity of plant material may still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| Flaky Juniper | Juniperus squamata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like other junipers, Juniperus squamata contains aromatic resins and volatile oils that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in dogs and cats if ingested. ASPCA classifies junipers as mildly toxic to pets. The species is not individually listed but falls under the broader Juniperus genus advisory. |
| Flame freesia | Tritonia crocata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tritonia crocata is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As an Iridaceae corm similar to related genera that contain irritant compounds, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Contact a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Flame nasturtium | Tropaeolum speciosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tropaeolum (nasturtium) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Tropaeolum speciosum belongs to the same genus and contains no known toxic principles for pets. The RHS flags it as a skin allergen — wear gloves when handling to avoid contact dermatitis. The berries are not a culinary crop and may cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Flame Seedless grape | Vitis vinifera 'Flame Seedless' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis species) are toxic to dogs. The ASPCA and veterinary toxicology sources confirm that grapes and raisins cause acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) in dogs, with no established safe quantity; tartaric acid is the leading suspected toxic principle. Vomiting, lethargy and reduced appetite are early warning signs. Keep fruit and prunings out of reach of dogs and consult a vet immediately after any ingestion. |
| Flame vine | Pyrostegia venusta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pyrostegia venusta is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database. Some veterinary sources flag the plant as potentially irritating to grazing animals. Exercise caution by keeping the plant out of reach of pets and children. If ingestion is suspected, contact the ASPCA Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) for guidance. |
| Flame violet | Episcia cupreata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Episcia cupreata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Episcia reptans (Flame African Violet / Red African Violet, same Gesneriaceae family as African violet) as non-toxic to both dogs and cats, with no toxic Episcia members. Treat the genus as pet-safe, but confirm with your vet before relying on it, as individual pets can still react to nibbling foliage. |
| Flame Violet | Episcia cupreata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Episcia is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. |
| Flaming Sword Bromeliad | Vriesea splendens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea splendens is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The Bromeliaceae family does not contain known toxic alkaloids or glycosides, and ingestion of this plant is not expected to cause poisoning. |
| Flamingo Flower | Anthurium scherzerianum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Flamingo Flower (Anthurium scherzeranum, family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates, which cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Flamingo pieris | Pieris japonica 'Flamingo' | flowering | Toxic | Pieris japonica 'Flamingo', like all Pieris species, contains grayanotoxins throughout the plant. These are toxic to cats, dogs, horses, and humans, causing vomiting, salivation, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias if ingested. Keep well away from browsing animals and children. |
| Flanagan's sage | Salvia flanaganii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. S. flanaganii is not individually listed, but as a member of the non-toxic Salvia genus it is considered pet-safe. Minor ingestion is unlikely to cause significant harm beyond transient mild stomach upset. |
| Flandria Blushing Bromeliad | Neoregelia carolinae 'Flandria' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic principles. Safe for households with pets and children. |
| Flat Sea Holly | Eryngium planum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eryngium is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; the genus is considered non-toxic, although the stiff, spiny bracts may cause minor mechanical irritation. |
| flat-leaf parsley | Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is furanocoumarins, which can cause photosensitization (dermatitis, sunburn) and mild GI upset, generally requiring large ingestion. Keep pets from grazing large amounts and consult a vet on exposure. |
| Flat-leaf wax plant | Hoya planifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies the Hoya genus (wax plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya planifolia is regarded as safe in a pet household, though consuming large quantities of plant material may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Flat-Leaved Rosularia | Rosularia platyphylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia belongs to Crassulaceae and is closely allied to Sedum and Sempervivum, genera listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. Rosularia platyphylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for this genus; it is considered safe around pets. |
| Flat-lipped pitcher plant | Nepenthes platychila | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes platychila is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus carries no well-documented toxic principle harmful to cats or dogs, but the species is insufficiently studied to confidently classify as pet-safe; classified as mildly-toxic out of caution. The digestive fluid inside pitchers may irritate mucous membranes if ingested by a pet. |
| Flat-stem wax plant | Hoya platycaulis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus (wax plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya platycaulis is regarded as safe in a pet household, though consumption of large quantities of plant material may still cause mild, temporary digestive discomfort. |
| Flax-leaved tulip | Tulipa linifolia | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulip (Tulipa spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are tulipalin A and tulipalin B (allergenic lactones), concentrated most heavily in the bulb. Ingestion causes vomiting, depression, diarrhoea, and hypersalivation; large bulb ingestion can cause rapid heart rate, breathing difficulty, and tremors. |
| Flesh-pink Sinningia | Sinningia incarnata | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, but S. incarnata is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. |
| Flexuous Oncidium | Oncidium flexuosum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oncidium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for O. flexuosum. |
| Floating Aponogeton | Aponogeton natans | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aponogeton natans is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Aponogeton genus has no known toxic principles in veterinary or botanical sources. The species is considered safe for fish and invertebrates in aquarium literature. As always, consult a vet if a pet ingests unusual quantities of any aquatic plant. |
| Floating Bur-reed | Sparganium natans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sparganium natans is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in Sparganium species for cats, dogs, or humans. The genus is considered non-toxic and is widely used in conservation pond planting without any reported harm to wildlife or domestic animals. |
| Finocchio | Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The plant is safe in normal culinary amounts; only highly concentrated fennel essential oil should be avoided, as it has been linked to photosensitive dermatitis. Large quantities of foliage may cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset. |
| Orion fennel | Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum 'Orion' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The edible bulb and leaves are safe; only the concentrated essential oil, linked to photosensitive dermatitis, should be avoided. |
| Romanesco fennel | Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum 'Romanesco' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The ASPCA notes the concentrated essential oil should be avoided as it can cause photosensitive dermatitis, but the edible bulb and foliage are safe. |
| Zefa Fino fennel | Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum 'Zefa Fino' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Foeniculum vulgare, family Umbelliferae). The ASPCA notes toxicity is low when consumed in small quantities as food; concentrated fennel oil should be avoided, and large amounts of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Florida Arrowroot | Zamia floridana | houseplant | Toxic | All parts of Zamia floridana contain cycasin and macrozamin — azoxy glycosides that cause acute liver failure in dogs and cats, and are neurotoxic to humans when unprocessed. Seeds are the most concentrated source. ASPCA lists the Zamia genus (sago-type cycads) as severely toxic to dogs and cats. The traditional food use (coontie starch) required extensive washing and processing to remove toxins. |
| Florida Beauty | Philodendron pedatum 'Florida Beauty' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing any part causes oral pain, excessive drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and airway. |
| Florida Columnea | Columnea florida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Columnea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The transient red leaf pigmentation associated with flowering is a natural physiological response and poses no toxicity risk. |
| Florida Ghost | Philodendron pedatum 'Florida Ghost' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat. |
| Florida silver palm | Coccothrinax argentata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Coccothrinax is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which rates common true palms such as areca and parlor palm as non-toxic, and no toxic principle is recorded for this genus. Treat as low-risk but unconfirmed; mild stomach upset is the most likely effect if fronds or fruit are chewed, and you should verify with a vet. It is not a cycad or sago palm. |
| Florist's gloxinia | Sinningia speciosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Sinningia speciosa (gloxinia, family Gesneriaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principles identified. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Flower Carpet Rose | Rosa 'Flower Carpet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; all true Rosa species are classified non-toxic. The low, accessible habit means pets may brush against thorns, so the main risk is mechanical scratches rather than poisoning. |
| Kanzan cherry | Prunus serrulata 'Kanzan' | flowering | Toxic | Flowering cherry (Prunus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, with wilting foliage especially dangerous. Although ornamental and not grown for fruit, fallen leaves and prunings pose the same poisoning risk — brick-red gums, dilated pupils, panting, breathing difficulty and shock. Keep pets from chewing leaves and prunings. |
| painted nettle | Plectranthus scutellarioides | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Plectranthus scutellarioides as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to essential oils. Causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. |
| Flowering currant | Ribes sanguineum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ribes sanguineum berries and foliage are mildly toxic to dogs and cats if ingested in quantity; gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) has been reported. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but caution is advised. The berries are unpalatable rather than truly hazardous in small amounts. |
| flowering dogwood | Cornus florida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database; it is broadly regarded as non-toxic, but because it is not ASPCA-confirmed, treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet. The berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Flowering Dogwood | Cornus florida 'Cherokee Chief' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no toxic principle identified. ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The red berries are unpalatable and can cause mild GI upset if a pet eats a large quantity, but they are not poisonous. |
| flowering maple | Abutilon × hybridum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abutilon is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and no member of the genus appears on either list, so its safety has not been formally cleared. As a precaution treat it as mildly toxic, keep pets and children from chewing it, and check with your vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Crimson and Gold flowering quince | Chaenomeles × superba 'Crimson and Gold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chaenomeles is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and sources conflict (some list it as cat-safe while others flag it as toxic to cats), so its status is unconfirmed by that authority; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. The fruits are very astringent raw and best cooked. |
| Flowering Quince | Chaenomeles speciosa 'Texas Scarlet' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chaenomeles is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. The flesh of the fruit is edible when cooked, but as with related rosaceous plants the seeds contain cyanogenic compounds; assume the seeds are unsafe for pets. |
| Flowering tobacco | Nicotiana alata | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses according to the ASPCA (genus Nicotiana). Toxic principle: nicotine alkaloid. Clinical signs include hyperexcitability followed by depression, vomiting, incoordination, paralysis, and potentially death. All parts of the plant, especially leaves, are hazardous. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| fly bush | Roridula gorgonias | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Roridula gorgonias is not listed by ASPCA. The genus has no documented toxic principle to pets or humans; the sticky resin is mechanical, not chemical. Generally regarded as non-toxic, though ingestion of large amounts of any non-food plant may cause mild GI upset. |
| Fly Orchid | Ophrys insectifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ophrys insectifera is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Orchidaceae family is broadly considered low-risk, but ingestion of tubers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; classified as mildly-toxic in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing for this wild species. |
| Fly-catching Restrepia | Restrepia muscifera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Restrepia muscifera is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are known for this genus. |
| Flying Saucer Hybrid Cactus | Echinopsis 'Flying Saucer' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This is an Echinopsis hybrid, and the ASPCA lists Easter Lily Cactus (Echinopsis multiplex) of the same genus as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses with no toxic principles. The only caution is the spines, which can injure pets physically, so keep the plant out of their reach. |
| Foamy bells | × Heucherella 'Sweet Tea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, but × Heucherella is a Heuchera × Tiarella hybrid not individually listed by the ASPCA, and Tiarella is unlisted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of any plant can cause mild GI upset. |
| Round-Leaf Fan Palm | Saribus rotundifolius | tropical | Mildly toxic | Saribus rotundifolius (formerly Livistona rotundifolia) is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not specifically classified, so it should be treated as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe; verify with a vet before trusting it around pets. It is a true palm (Arecaceae), unrelated to the toxic sago palm/Cycas. |
| Forbes' Glory of the Snow | Chionodoxa forbesii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chionodoxa is in the family Asparagaceae (formerly Liliaceae). It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the bulbs contain alkaloid compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets or humans. No cardiac glycosides or severe toxins have been confirmed for this genus. Exercise caution with dogs and cats; consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Fordhook Giant Chard | Beta vulgaris var. cicla 'Fordhook Giant' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beta vulgaris var. cicla (Swiss chard, including 'Fordhook Giant') is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Leaves and stems are safe for pets, though the high oxalic acid content may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in quantity. |
| Fordhook Lima Bean | Phaseolus lunatus 'Fordhook' | edible | Mildly toxic | Raw lima beans contain linamarin, a cyanogenic glycoside that releases hydrogen cyanide when metabolised — this is a well-documented human food-safety concern; proper cooking eliminates the risk. ASPCA does not specifically list Phaseolus lunatus as toxic to pets, but the cyanogenic compounds in raw beans could cause GI distress or worse in pets consuming large amounts of raw dried beans. Cooked beans and fresh pods at normal garden access levels pose minimal risk. |
| Forellenschluss lettuce | Lactuca sativa 'Forellenschluss' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Safe in small washed amounts; excess may loosen stools. It is not the toxic wild lettuce, Lactuca virosa. |
| Forest Elephant's Foot | Dioscorea sylvatica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dioscorea sylvatica is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Dioscorea contains saponins and diosgenin; raw plant material, including the caudex, can cause gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans if ingested. Treat with caution and keep away from pets and children. |
| Forest Flame pieris | Pieris japonica 'Forest Flame' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Pieris japonica are highly toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. The plant contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), which cause salivation, vomiting, low blood pressure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Honey made from Pieris nectar ('mad honey') can also be toxic. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Forest Pepper | Piper sylvaticum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Piper sylvaticum is a member of the Piperaceae family. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as with other Piper species, the genus contains piperine and related alkaloids. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets and is not considered severely toxic. Treat with caution around pets and children. |
| Forest Spurflower | Plectranthus fruticosus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Plectranthus fruticosus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The aromatic essential oils present across the Plectranthus genus can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation — such as vomiting or drooling — if ingested by cats or dogs. Keep pets away from the plant as a precaution. |
| wood forget-me-not | Myosotis sylvatica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Myosotis sylvatica is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Forget's Anthurium | Anthurium forgetii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium (as Flamingo Flower / Tail Flower, family Araceae) as toxic to both cats and dogs; A. forgetii is not individually listed but belongs to this toxic aroid genus. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets and children, and call a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| Forked sundew | Drosera binata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Drosera is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No notable toxic principle is reported and ingestion of small amounts most likely causes only mild gastrointestinal upset, but the sticky tentacles can irritate, so keep it out of reach of cats and dogs. |
| Forked Aichryson | Aichryson dichotomum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aichryson dichotomum (syn. A. laxum) is noted in some sources as non-toxic, and the genus lacks confirmed bufadienolide compounds. It is not individually listed by ASPCA. Treat with caution and keep out of reach of pets and children; mild digestive upset is possible if ingested in quantity. |
| Forked begonia | Begonia dichotoma | tropical | Toxic | Like all Begonia species, Begonia dichotoma is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates concentrated in the tubers and roots; ingestion causes oral irritation, excessive drooling, nausea, and vomiting. |
| Forked Spleenwort | Asplenium septentrionale | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Asplenium septentrionale is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As with other Asplenium species not individually assessed, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is used in line with general fern-class cautions (thiaminase content, unconfirmed carcinogenic compounds per PFAF). Incidental contact or minor nibbling is unlikely to cause serious harm, but ingestion should be discouraged. |
| Forked sundew | Drosera binata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera binata is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Carnivorous plant specialist sources consistently describe the genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the digestive enzymes in the mucilage are too dilute to harm mammals. The 'mildly-toxic' classification is applied here as a precautionary measure in the absence of a formal ASPCA non-toxic listing; mild digestive upset is the most likely consequence of ingestion. |
| Forking larkspur | Consolida regalis | flowering | Toxic | Like all Consolida species, Consolida regalis contains toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids (including delphinine and ajacine) throughout all plant parts. These are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. The ASPCA lists the Delphinium/Consolida genus as toxic to pets, causing neuromuscular effects, weakness, and potential cardiac effects. Keep away from all pets and children. |
| Formosa Lily | Lilium formosanum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lilium species as severely toxic to cats. Ingestion of any part — including pollen, leaves, or water from the vase — can cause acute kidney failure in cats and may be fatal without immediate veterinary treatment. Mildly toxic to dogs and horses (GI upset). Keep away from all cats. |
| Formosan Polypody | Polypodium formosanum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium formosanum is in the family Polypodiaceae. The genus contains no known toxic compounds for dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but Polypodium has a consistent record of non-toxicity across the family. |
| Formosa toad lily | Tricyrtis formosana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tricyrtis is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Despite the name, toad lilies are NOT true lilies (Lilium) and do not carry the severe kidney-failure risk that Lilium and Hemerocallis pose to cats — but they are not confirmed pet-safe, so discourage chewing and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| Forrest's ginger lily | Hedychium forrestii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hedychium forrestii is not individually listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Like other Hedychium species, the rhizomes and plant tissues contain irritant compounds; ingestion can cause salivation, vomiting, and lethargy in cats and dogs. Classified as mildly toxic on a precautionary basis. |
| Forrest's pieris | Pieris formosa var. forrestii | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins). ASPCA lists Pieris as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms include vomiting, excessive drooling, weakness, cardiovascular depression, and potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Contact a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Forrest's Petrocosmea | Petrocosmea forrestii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petrocosmea forrestii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Gesneriaceae family has no known toxic principles, and no toxic compounds have been documented in the Petrocosmea genus. |
| Border Forsythia | Forsythia × intermedia 'Lynwood Gold' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (listed as 'Golden Bells', Forsythia). Flowers, leaves, and stems carry no recognised toxic principle, making it a safe shrub around pets and children. |
| Show Off Forsythia | Forsythia × intermedia 'Mindor' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Forsythia, 'Golden Bells'). No recognised toxic principle in flowers, foliage, or stems; safe to grow where pets and children roam. |
| Forsythia sage | Salvia madrensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia as a genus is listed on the ASPCA Non-Toxic Plant List for both cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for S. madrensis. |
| Fortune's Holly Fern | Cyrtomium fortunei | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at genus level: Cyrtomium falcatum appears as Holly Fern / Japanese Holly Fern (and Aspidium falcatum) on the ASPCA non-toxic list, with no toxic principle. C. fortunei is the closely related Fortune's holly fern; large amounts may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Fortune's Holly Fern | Cyrtomium fortunei | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cyrtomium fortunei is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While the closely related Cyrtomium falcatum is confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, this species has not been assessed. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic and prevent cats and dogs from ingesting any part of the plant. |
| Fortune's Plum Yew | Cephalotaxus fortunei | flowering | Toxic | Cephalotaxus fortunei contains cephalotaxine alkaloids including harringtonine and homoharringtonine throughout all plant parts. These compounds are protein synthesis inhibitors with confirmed cytotoxic activity. Though Cephalotaxus is not individually listed by ASPCA, the alkaloid profile indicates significant toxicity risk to pets and humans if ingested. Keep away from dogs, cats, and children. Seek veterinary advice immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Foster's Basket Bromeliad | Canistrum fosterianum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Canistrum fosterianum is not individually cited, but no toxic principles are known for the genus or family. Safe for pets. |
| Mount Airy fothergilla | Fothergilla major 'Mount Airy' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and Fothergilla has no documented toxic principle; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| dwarf fothergilla | Fothergilla gardenii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and Fothergilla has no documented toxic principle; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| large fothergilla | Fothergilla major | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and Fothergilla has no documented toxic principle; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Fountain Bamboo | Fargesia nitida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fargesia nitida is a true bamboo in the Poaceae family and is non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Not individually ASPCA-listed, but bamboos have no known toxic principle and the species is widely used as giant panda forage. |
| Four-angled cassiope | Cassiope tetragona | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cassiope is in the family Ericaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for Cassiope species for dogs or cats. Related genera in Ericaceae (e.g. Rhododendron, Kalmia) are toxic, but Cassiope itself has no documented toxicity. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is a concern. |
| four-leaf pinyon | Pinus quadrifolia | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed pines, such as Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), are non-toxic to cats and dogs, and true pines of the genus Pinus are not on the ASPCA toxic list. The edible pine nuts are not poisonous; however, large amounts of any plant material or fatty nuts can cause vomiting or GI upset, so feed only as an occasional treat. |
| Four-stamen Tamarisk | Tamarix tetrandra | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tamarix tetrandra is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. Horticultural authorities describe the genus as non-toxic to pets; no known toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| Four-wing saltbush | Atriplex canescens | edible | Mildly toxic | Atriplex canescens is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, and PFAF notes no broad toxins in the Atriplex genus. However, leaves are notably high in soluble oxalates and saponins; large quantities consumed raw can cause digestive upset and, at very high intake, oxalate-related kidney stress in pets and livestock. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution. |
| Fourth of July | Rosa 'Fourth of July' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species, family Rosaceae, no toxic principle identified). Thorny canes can cause physical injury, so keep low-trained growth away from pet runs. |
| Fox grape | Vitis labrusca | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis spp.) are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion can cause acute kidney failure in dogs; even small quantities have been fatal. Mechanism is not fully understood. Keep all parts of the vine — fruit, leaves, and raisins — away from pets. |
| Foxglove | Digitalis purpurea | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain cardiac glycosides — primarily digitoxin, digoxin, and digitalinum verum — that disrupt the sodium-potassium pump in heart muscle cells. ASPCA lists Digitalis purpurea as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, irregular and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death. Even small amounts of leaf material are dangerous to cats and small dogs. Seek immediate emergency veterinary care if ingestion is suspected. |
| Foxglove | Digitalis purpurea 'Camelot' | flowering | Toxic | As a Digitalis purpurea cultivar it carries the genus toxicity; the ASPCA lists foxglove as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. All parts contain cardiac glycosides (digitoxin/digoxin-type) causing vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, dangerous changes in heart rate and rhythm, weakness and possible death. Treat ingestion as an emergency. |
| Foxglove beardtongue | Penstemon digitalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon digitalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Members of the Plantaginaceae family (including Penstemon) are not well-documented as seriously toxic, but iridoid glycosides present in some related genera may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Treat with caution around pets and children. |
| Foxglove Sage | Salvia digitaliflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Salvia digitaliflora is not individually assessed by the ASPCA; mildly-toxic classification applied as a precaution for this rare, poorly-documented species. |
| Foxtail fern | Asparagus densiflorus 'Myersii' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern) as toxic to both cats and dogs; the 'Myersii' foxtail fern is the same species. Despite the name it is not a true fern. It contains steroidal saponins concentrated in its red berries, and berry ingestion can cause vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea, while repeated skin contact with the sap can cause allergic dermatitis. |
| Stuart's Phalaenopsis | Phalaenopsis stuartiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phalaenopsis (moth orchids) are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are widely treated as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. Chewing leaves or flowers may at most cause mild stomach upset; verify with a vet if a pet ingests a large quantity. |
| Foxy Palm | Wodyetia bifurcata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Wodyetia bifurcata is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. The bright red fruits and seeds in particular should be kept from pets, as the hard seeds pose a choking and gastrointestinal-obstruction risk. |
| foxtail pine | Pinus balfouriana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Pine needles and resin can cause mild mouth irritation, drooling and stomach upset if chewed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if your pet ingests any. |
| Fragrant Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum raddianum 'Fragrantissimum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Adiantum maidenhair ferns). No toxic principle is recognised; ingestion may cause only mild, transient gastrointestinal upset from the plant fibre. |
| Fragrant Agrimony | Agrimonia procera | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agrimonia procera is not individually listed by ASPCA. Agrimony (Agrimonia species) is not reported to have toxic principles for cats or dogs, and the genus has a long history of safe herbal use in teas and tinctures by humans. No toxicity reports for companion animals have been documented; however, as with any plant material, large quantities ingested by pets may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fragrant Bouquet hosta | Hosta 'Fragrant Bouquet' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Keep pets from grazing the foliage. |
| Fragrant Bursera | Bursera odorata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bursera odorata is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other Burseraceae, the plant contains aromatic terpene resins that may irritate the skin or mucous membranes on contact and could cause gastric upset if ingested by pets. No severe toxicity is documented in the literature, but treat the resinous sap with caution around pets and children. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Fragrant plantain lily | Hosta 'Guacamole' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are saponins; ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Keep pets from grazing the foliage. |
| Fragrant maidenhair | Adiantum raddianum 'Fragrans' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists maidenhair fern (Adiantum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. Pet-safe, though as with any houseplant, eating large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fragrant Orchid | Gymnadenia conopsea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gymnadenia conopsea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The ASPCA confirms Phalaenopsis orchids are non-toxic to cats and dogs, and orchids are broadly considered safe; however, formal assessment of Gymnadenia specifically is absent. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. No toxic principles have been identified in the scientific literature for this species. |
| Fragrant Peace Lily | Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists peace lily (Spathiphyllum) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Ingestion causes intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Unlike true lilies (Lilium), peace lilies do not cause acute kidney failure in cats, but veterinary attention is still advised after ingestion. |
| Fragrant Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum odoratum | flowering | Toxic | All parts, particularly the blue-black autumn berries, contain saponins, anthraquinone glycosides, and cardiotoxic heterosides. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain; berries pose the greatest risk. Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list under P. odoratum, but the Polygonatum genus is documented as toxic to humans and pets in veterinary and horticultural literature. Keep berries away from children and pets. |
| Fragrant Stanhopea | Stanhopea graveolens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stanhopea graveolens is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family is broadly recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principle has been reported for Stanhopea. Keep fertilisers and pesticides away from pets. |
| Fragrant Stomatium | Stomatium suaveolens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stomatium suaveolens (Aizoaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family has no known systemic toxic principles, and related genera in the family (e.g. Lampranthus) are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to pets. Exercise normal supervision. |
| Fragrant White Water Lily | Nymphaea odorata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nymphaea odorata (American white water lily) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. It is not a true lily (Lilium) and does not contain the nephrotoxic compounds responsible for true lily poisoning. |
| Francee hosta | Hosta 'Francee' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep clippings and divisions away from pets. |
| Franklin's Gem Boxwood | Buxus microphylla 'Franklin's Gem' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Boxwood (Buxus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is a group of steroidal alkaloids (buxine and related compounds); ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and GI irritation, with severe cases rare because the bitter foliage deters heavy browsing. |
| Fraser Fir | Abies fraseri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abies fraseri is not specifically listed by ASPCA. True firs (Abies species) can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) if needles or bark are ingested by dogs or cats. The essential oils in the needles may cause skin and mucous-membrane irritation. Keep decorative cut trees out of reach of pets. Not considered severely toxic. |
| Frau Dagmar Hartopp | Rosa 'Frau Dagmar Hartopp' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Rosa). Petals and hips pose no poisoning risk; the only practical hazard is scratching from the prickly stems. |
| Fred Ives | Graptoveria 'Fred Ives' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Graptoveria is a bigeneric hybrid of Graptopetalum and Echeveria. Both parent genera are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. Fred Ives is generally considered safe for pets; mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if eaten in large amounts but serious toxicity is not expected. |
| Free-Flowering Cymbidium | Cymbidium floribundum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cymbidium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cymbidium floribundum has no documented toxic compounds and is considered safe around household pets. |
| Free-flowering Streptocarpus | Streptocarpus floribundus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Cape Primrose (Streptocarpus spp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in the genus. As with any plant material, large quantities may cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Freely Flowering Angraecum | Angraecum florulentum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Angraecum florulentum has no documented toxic compounds, consistent with the family-level ASPCA assessment. |
| Freesia | Freesia spp. (incl. Freesia corymbosa, Freesia × hybrida) | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Freesia is not listed in the ASPCA's formal toxic/non-toxic plant database, but ASPCA editorial guidance explicitly names freesia (Freesia corymbosa) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, noting only the potential for an upset stomach if eaten. As with any plant, chewing the foliage or corms can cause mild gastrointestinal signs such as vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs, so it is best kept out of reach. Because freesia is not on the ASPCA's species-specific list, confirm with your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) if your pet ingests a significant amount, particularly the corms. |
| Pink Marble freesia | Freesia 'Pink Marble' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Freesia is recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs and appears on its pet-safe bouquet flower lists. As with any non-food plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient stomach upset, so it is still best to discourage pets from chewing the foliage or flowers. |
| Royal Blue freesia | Freesia 'Royal Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Freesia is recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs and is included on its pet-safe bouquet flower lists. As with any non-food plant, chewing may cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, so it remains sensible to keep pets from grazing on it. |
| Yellow Passion freesia | Freesia 'Yellow Passion' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Freesia is recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs and features on its pet-safe bouquet flower lists. As with any non-food plant, nibbling may cause mild, passing stomach upset, so it is still wise to keep pets from chewing the leaves or blooms. |
| freesia | Freesia refracta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Freesia is recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs and appears on its pet-safe bouquet flower lists. As with any non-food plant, ingestion may cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, so it is still best to keep pets from chewing the foliage or flowers. |
| French fringed lavender | Lavandula dentata | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic compounds linalool and linalyl acetate cause nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss; signs are usually mild but veterinary attention should be sought promptly. |
| Fringed Lavender | Lavandula dentata | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to linalool and linalyl acetate, with signs of nausea, vomiting (not in horses), and loss of appetite. Lavandula dentata is the same aromatic genus and shares these compounds, so it is treated as toxic; nibbling the plant usually causes mild GI upset, while concentrated lavender essential oil is more hazardous, especially to cats. |
| French marigold | Tagetes patula | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Tagetes species as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Compounds in the foliage and sap, including thiophenes, can cause mild vomiting, diarrhoea, and contact dermatitis. Not life-threatening, but contact with crushed foliage should be avoided by sensitive individuals. |
| French marigold | Tagetes patula 'Durango' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True marigolds (Tagetes, family Compositae) are not the non-toxic 'Garden/Pot Marigold' on the ASPCA list, which is Calendula. Tagetes foliage contains phototoxic thiophenes and aromatic oils that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and skin/mouth irritation in cats and dogs; treat as mildly toxic and discourage grazing. |
| Buckler-leaf Sorrel | Rumex scutatus | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Sorrel and Dock (Rumex) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; this covers French sorrel. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with signs of salivation and tremors and rare kidney effects. Small nibbles usually cause only stomach upset, but keep pets from grazing it. |
| French Tamarisk | Tamarix gallica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tamarix gallica is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. Multiple horticultural sources confirm it is considered non-toxic to pets; no known toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| French tarragon | Artemisia dracunculus | herb | Toxic | Artemisia species contain estragole and thujone-related compounds. Considered toxic to cats and dogs in large amounts; culinary use is safe. |
| True Tarragon | Artemisia dracunculus 'Sativa' | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (entry: Tarragon, Artemisia dracunculus). The toxic principle is essential oils; signs are generally mild, chiefly vomiting and diarrhoea. The concentrated oil is more problematic, especially for cats, so keep pets from grazing the plant and avoid tarragon essential oil around them. |
| Freyn's pink | Dianthus freynii | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Dianthus species (Carnation, Pinks, Sweet William) as toxic to dogs and cats, caused by an unknown irritant. Clinical signs include mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) and mild dermatitis. Symptoms are generally mild but consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Friedrich's Cone Plant | Conophytum friedrichiae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum friedrichiae is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Conophytum belongs to Aizoaceae, a family with no documented toxic compounds in dogs or cats. The closely related Lithops is explicitly ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. No toxic principles have been reported for Conophytum. |
| Friedrich's Window Plant | Ophthalmophyllum friedrichiae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ophthalmophyllum friedrichiae (syn. Conophytum friedrichiae) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Related genera in Aizoaceae such as Lithops are ASPCA non-toxic, and no toxic compounds are documented for this species. Direct ASPCA listing is absent, so a cautious rating is applied. |
| Friedrichsthals Copper Leaf | Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana is a member of Gesneriaceae, a family with no known toxic principles to pets. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the gesneriad family and multiple close relatives are considered non-toxic. No toxic compounds have been reported for this genus in veterinary or toxicological literature. |
| Moon Valley pilea | Pilea involucrata 'Moon Valley' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Pilea). No recognised toxic principle, making it a safe choice for pet households. |
| fringed bleeding heart | Dicentra eximia | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Dicentra contains isoquinoline alkaloids; per the ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline, bleeding heart ingestion can cause trembling, staggering, drooling, vomiting and, in larger amounts, seizures. Wear gloves, as sap may also irritate skin. |
| Fringed Caralluma | Caralluma fimbriata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Caralluma fimbriata is in Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae) and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Whilst used in some traditional food preparations in India (young shoots eaten after boiling), unprocessed plant material may cause nausea or gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans. Do not rely on food use as a safety indicator for raw plant ingestion by pets. |
| Fringed Cliff Stonecrop | Prometheum fimbriatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Prometheum fimbriatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database. The genus is closely related to Sedum and Sempervivum, both confirmed non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. No toxic principle has been documented for Prometheum, and the genus has no reported history of harm to pets in horticultural literature. |
| Fringed Cobra Lily | Arisaema ciliatum | flowering | Toxic | Arisaema ciliatum contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides throughout all plant parts, consistent with the Araceae family. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or people causes immediate intense oral burning, swelling, hypersalivation, and difficulty swallowing. Handle with gloves as sap can cause skin and eye irritation. The genus Arisaema is toxic per ASPCA guidance on Araceae aroids. |
| Fringed Coreopsis | Coreopsis integrifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. Safe to grow in pet-accessible gardens. |
| Fringed Houseleek | Sempervivum ciliosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum (hens and chicks / houseleeks) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for the genus. |
| Fringed Loosestrife | Lysimachia ciliata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lysimachia ciliata is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Primulaceae, it may contain saponins causing mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets if ingested. Not considered highly toxic, but ingestion by dogs or cats warrants monitoring. Consult a veterinarian if a pet consumes significant amounts. |
| Fringed Miniature Stelis | Stelis fimbriata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Family Orchidaceae, which is classified non-toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for Stelis fimbriata. Safe for cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Fringed Spurflower | Plectranthus ciliatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. The plant contains aromatic essential oils characteristic of the Lamiaceae; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting) in cats and dogs. Consult a vet if a significant amount is eaten. |
| Fringed Star Orchid | Epidendrum ciliare | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists multiple Epidendrum species (including E. atropurpureum and E. ibaguense) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. E. ciliare is not individually listed but belongs to the same genus; no toxic principle has been identified in Epidendrum orchids. |
| Fringed Stelis | Stelis ciliaris | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stelis ciliaris is in the family Orchidaceae. No toxic compounds are documented for this genus or family by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses in line with the broader orchid family profile. |
| Fringed-sepal Primulina | Primulina fimbrisepala | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina fimbrisepala is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; mildly-toxic is the precautionary classification for this unlisted species. The related family member Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, but this specific classification cannot be extended to Primulina without a direct ASPCA listing. |
| dwarf frithia | Frithia humilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this succulent group as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Frithia carries no toxic principle. Eating any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| fairy elephant's feet | Frithia pulchra | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this succulent group as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Frithia carries no toxic principle. Eating any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Lutea crown imperial | Fritillaria imperialis 'Lutea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fritillaria is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, but the bulbs and other parts contain toxic steroidal alkaloids (such as imperialine) that can cause vomiting and, in quantity, more serious effects; treat as toxic, keep pets from digging the bulbs, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| snake's head fritillary | Fritillaria meleagris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fritillaria is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, but the bulbs contain toxic steroidal alkaloids; sources conflict on severity, so treat as potentially toxic, keep pets from eating the bulbs or plant, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Fritsch's Goldfish Plant | Nematanthus fritschii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (Gold-Fish Plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Fritsch's Pouch Flower | Nematanthus fritschii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nematanthus spp. is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to both cats and dogs. As a member of the broader Gesneriaceae family — which includes other confirmed non-toxic relatives such as Episcia and Streptocarpus — Nematanthus fritschii is considered safe for households with pets. |
| Fritz Luth Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum raddianum 'Fritz Luth' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum raddianum and its cultivars are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. 'Fritz Luth' presents no known toxic risk to companion animals. |
| Fritz Luth Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum raddianum 'Fritz Luth' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum (maidenhair ferns) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. This cultivar shares the same non-toxic profile as the species. |
| Frohnleiten barrenwort | Epimedium × perralchicum 'Frohnleiten' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Ingestion of any non-food plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| Front Range Beardtongue | Penstemon virens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Penstemon virens is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for the genus Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) in veterinary toxicology literature. Considered safe for cats, dogs, and children. |
| frost grass | Spodiopogon sibiricus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spodiopogon sibiricus is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known in the genus Spodiopogon. As an ornamental grass, ingestion of foliage in large quantities may cause mild mechanical gastrointestinal irritation due to coarse leaf texture, but no toxic compounds are present. |
| Frosted curls sedge | Carex comans 'Frosted Curls' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex species are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. This sedge is considered non-toxic; as with all plants, ingestion of large amounts may cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Frosty fern | Selaginella kraussiana 'Frosty' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Selaginella kraussiana (as "Japanese Moss") as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, so the 'Frosty' cultivar is pet-safe. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild stomach upset from the unfamiliar roughage. |
| Fruit-scented sage | Salvia dorisiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. S. dorisiana is not individually listed, but as a member of the non-toxic Salvia genus it is considered pet-safe; large ingestions may cause transient mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fuchsia | Fuchsia × hybrida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists fuchsia (as "Honeysuckle Fuchsia," Fuchsia triphylla) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses with no toxic principles. Fuchsia × hybrida is not individually listed, but its genus member is ASPCA non-toxic and no Fuchsia species is flagged as toxic; as always, monitor pets and verify with your vet if a sensitive animal ingests a large amount. |
| hardy fuchsia | Fuchsia magellanica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses); the genus appears on the ASPCA database as Honeysuckle Fuchsia (Fuchsia triphylla). Fuchsia berries are also edible to humans. No toxic principle is reported, though as with any plant, large quantities can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Fuerte avocado | Persea americana 'Fuerte' | tropical | Toxic | Avocado (Persea americana) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic, with the toxic principle persin; it is specifically named toxic to horses (respiratory distress, heart failure, oedema). Persin causes GI upset in dogs and cats and is severe or fatal in birds, rabbits and ruminants. Keep all parts — leaves, fruit, skin, bark and pits — away from pets and livestock. |
| Fuggle hops | Humulus lupulus 'Fuggle' | edible | Toxic | Hops (Humulus lupulus) are toxic, especially to dogs. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center warns that ingesting hop cones, foliage or spent brewing hops can cause malignant hyperthermia, a life-threatening uncontrolled rise in body temperature. Signs include panting, restlessness, vomiting, racing heart, tremors and seizures; treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Fuji apple | Malus domestica 'Fuji' | edible | Mildly toxic | Apple seeds contain amygdalin, which releases cyanide on digestion. Fruit flesh is non-toxic and edible. The ASPCA lists Malus (crabapple) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses due to cyanogenic seeds and stems — keep pets from ingesting seeds, leaves, or stems. |
| Fujian Cypress | Fokienia hodginsii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fokienia hodginsii is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Cupressaceae, the foliage and oils may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or people. The essential oils in the wood are known irritants. Treat with caution around cats and dogs; seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Fukien tea | Carmona retusa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Carmona retusa (Fukien tea) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; some sources flag it as mildly toxic if ingested. Treat with caution, keep it away from pets, and verify with a vet if a pet chews the leaves or berries. A pet-safe label cannot be asserted. |
| golden full moon maple | Acer shirasawanum 'Aureum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acer shirasawanum belongs to the maple genus, which the ASPCA does not list as toxic to dogs or cats and which carries no recognised toxic principle, so it is treated as non-toxic. As with all maples, ingested leaves or twigs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or choking; wilted red maple foliage is specifically dangerous to horses. |
| Fuller's Titanopsis | Titanopsis fulleri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Titanopsis fulleri is in the family Aizoaceae (mesembs). The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Aizoaceae members have no known toxic principles reported. Based on family-level assessment, considered low risk, though ingestion of any plant material can cause minor gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| Furuse's Orostachys | Orostachys furusei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys furusei is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Orostachys (Crassulaceae) is closely related to Sedum and Sempervivum, both classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified for this genus. Consult a vet if a pet consumes any plant material. |
| Furzey Darley Dale heath | Erica x darleyensis 'Furzey' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica (heath/heather) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no reported toxic principles, and Erica x darleyensis specifically is considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Fused Tooth Venus flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Fused Tooth' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Dionaea muscipula (Venus fly trap) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds are known in this genus or cultivar. |
| Fuyu persimmon | Diospyros kaki 'Fuyu' | edible | Mildly toxic | Diospyros kaki is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is generally regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats, but the seeds, stems and unripe astringent fruit can cause gastrointestinal upset or intestinal obstruction, and the high sugar load may cause stomach upset. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Arizona Sun blanket flower | Gaillardia x grandiflora 'Arizona Sun' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaillardia is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Being in the daisy family (Asteraceae), it contains sesquiterpene lactones that can trigger contact dermatitis around the mouth and mild GI upset such as drooling or vomiting if eaten. |
| Goblin blanket flower | Gaillardia x grandiflora 'Goblin' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaillardia is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an Asteraceae member it contains sesquiterpene lactones that can cause contact dermatitis around the mouth and mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) if chewed. |
| Galangal | Alpinia galanga | herb | Mildly toxic | Alpinia galanga is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and the Alpinia genus has no clear ASPCA classification. Treat it as uncertain and exercise caution; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Verify with a vet before allowing pet access. |
| Gamboge | Garcinia cambogia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia cambogia fruit rind is used as a culinary souring agent and in weight-loss supplements. However, there have been documented cases of liver toxicity in humans associated with high-dose Garcinia cambogia extract supplements. The tree is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active compound, has not been well-studied for pet safety. As a precaution, keep fruits and plant parts away from pets and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Gamboge Tree | Garcinia xanthochymus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia xanthochymus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. No reported toxicity to humans in available horticultural literature. However, as the genus is not cleared by ASPCA, pet safety cannot be confirmed. The yellow latex exuded from cut stems may irritate skin. Keep pets away from sap and fallen fruit. |
| Garden Beet | Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beta vulgaris (beet) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Roots, stems, and leaves are all safe for pets, though the red pigment (betacyanin) may temporarily colour urine or stools. |
| Garden Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus gardenii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. |
| Garden Carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daucus carota subsp. sativus (carrot) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Both roots and foliage are safe for pets and humans. |
| Garden Catmint | Nepeta × faassenii | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cats are attracted to the nepetalactone compounds and may roll on or chew plants, but this causes no lasting harm. |
| garden catmint | Nepeta x faassenii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nepeta. The ASPCA lists catnip (Nepeta cataria), the closest listed relative, as toxic to cats; toxic principle nepetalactone, with vomiting and diarrhoea and sedation or excitation. Garden catmint shares this aromatic oil, so treat as mildly toxic and verify with a vet if a pet ingests large amounts. |
| Garden Gladiolus | Gladiolus ×hortulanus | flowering | Toxic | Gladiolus ×hortulanus is toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (ASPCA-listed). All plant parts cause harm if ingested, with the corm being the most concentrated source. Typical signs include drooling, vomiting, lethargy, and diarrhea. Skin contact with sap can cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Kelvedon Wonder pea | Pisum sativum 'Kelvedon Wonder' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pisum sativum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Pisum is widely regarded as non-toxic and plain cooked or fresh peas are a common safe pet food; peas appear in many commercial pet diets. Offer only plain, unseasoned peas, and avoid letting pets eat large amounts of fibrous raw pods. |
| Garden Phlox | Phlox paniculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox paniculata is not listed as highly toxic by ASPCA, but may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by dogs or cats. It is not considered safe to consume. Contact with the sap can occasionally cause mild skin irritation. Keep pets from grazing on foliage as a precaution. |
| Garden phlox | Phlox paniculata 'David' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Phlox as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Garden verbena | Verbena × hybrida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Verbena × hybrida is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic, but various Verbena species have been associated with mild gastrointestinal irritation in dogs and cats if ingested in quantity. The genus is not considered severely toxic; exercise caution and keep away from pets prone to chewing plants. |
| Garden's Clivia | Clivia gardenii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance on the genus Clivia (listed as 'Clivia Lily'). The toxic principle is the alkaloid lycorine (an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid), with bulbs and rhizomes containing the highest concentration. Ingestion causes vomiting, salivation, and diarrhoea; large amounts can cause convulsions, hypotension, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Gardener's Delight tomato | Solanum lycopersicum "Gardener's Delight" | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the tomato plant as toxic to dogs and cats. The leaves, stems and unripe green fruit contain solanine and tomatine; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, weakness, dilated pupils and a slowed heart rate. Only the ripe fruit flesh is considered low-risk. |
| Gardenia | Gardenia jasminoides | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Gardenia jasminoides as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are the iridoid glycosides genioposide and gardenoside, but reported effects are mild and transient: mild vomiting and/or diarrhoea and occasionally hives (skin welts). Keep ingestion to a minimum and contact a vet if a pet eats a large amount, but it is not considered a severe or life-threatening poison. |
| Frostproof Gardenia | Gardenia jasminoides 'Frostproof' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geniposide and gardenoside, causing mild vomiting, diarrhoea and sometimes hives. Considered mild but pets should be kept from chewing leaves or flowers. |
| Hardy Gardenia | Gardenia jasminoides 'Kleim's Hardy' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are geniposide and gardenoside; ingestion typically causes mild vomiting, diarrhoea and occasionally hives. Generally considered mild, but keep pets from grazing on it. |
| dwarf gardenia | Gardenia jasminoides 'Radicans' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Gardenia). The toxic principles are geniposide and gardenoside; ingestion usually causes mild vomiting, diarrhoea and sometimes hives. Toxicity is generally mild, but keep it away from pets and consult a vet if a large amount is eaten. |
| Veitchii gardenia | Gardenia jasminoides 'Veitchii' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Gardenia). The toxic principles are geniposide and gardenoside; ingestion typically causes mild vomiting, diarrhoea and occasionally hives. Effects are generally mild, but keep it away from pets and contact a vet if a large amount is eaten. |
| Gargoyle Lepanthes | Lepanthes gargoyla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Member of Orchidaceae; the family has no known toxic principle. Lepanthes gargoyla is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but orchids broadly are confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses per ASPCA guidance. No toxic compounds reported for the genus. |
| shungiku | Glebionis coronaria 'Shungiku' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Chrysanthemum (Glebionis/Chrysanthemum spp.) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with pyrethrins and sesquiterpene lactones as the toxic principles; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, dermatitis and wobbliness. The leaves are a human culinary green but the plant should be kept away from pets. |
| hardneck garlic | Allium sativum | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Allium species (including garlic) as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause haemolytic anaemia. Keep bulbs and foliage out of reach. |
| Garlic Bignone | Cydista aequinoctialis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Cydista aequinoctialis is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Bignoniaceae, a family generally regarded as low in toxicity. No specific toxic compounds have been formally documented for this species. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic and keep pets and children from ingesting the plant. |
| garlic chives | Allium tuberosum | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Allium species (chives, garlic, onion) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is organosulfoxides/N-propyl disulfide, which damage red blood cells and cause Heinz-body hemolytic anemia, vomiting, weakness, and blood in urine; cats are especially sensitive. Keep pets away and seek immediate veterinary care if eaten. |
| Garlic Vine | Adenocalymma comosum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Adenocalymma comosum is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Bignoniaceae, a family generally considered low in toxicity. No specific toxic principles have been documented for this species. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic and discourage pets and children from ingesting any plant material. |
| Ox Tongue | Gasteria carinata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Gasteria carinata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no other Gasteria species appears on it; the similar-looking ASPCA non-toxic Haworthia is a different genus, while a same-family relative (Aloe) is ASPCA-listed as toxic. Because ASPCA has no specific Gasteria entry, treat it conservatively as potentially mildly toxic and confirm with your vet, even though horticultural sources widely describe Gasteria as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Sword gasteria | Gasteria acinacifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). It has no insoluble calcium oxalates; consuming a large volume of fibrous foliage may at most cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Cow tongue gasteria | Gasteria armstrongii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). It contains no insoluble calcium oxalates; eating a large quantity of fibrous foliage may at most cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Natal gasteria | Gasteria batesiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). It contains no insoluble calcium oxalates; consuming a large amount of its fibrous foliage may cause only mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Dwarf gasteria clustered | Gasteria glomerata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). It contains no insoluble calcium oxalates; consuming a large quantity of fibrous foliage may at most cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Glossy gasteria | Gasteria nitida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it has no toxic members and is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. Gnawing can still cause mild stomach upset from the fibrous tissue, so discourage chewing, but it poses no poisoning risk. |
| Oblique gasteria | Gasteria obliqua | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). It carries no insoluble calcium oxalates; nibbling large amounts of fibrous foliage may at most cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Namaqualand gasteria | Gasteria pillansii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). It has no insoluble calcium oxalates; eating a large amount of fibrous foliage may at most cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Beautiful gasteria | Gasteria pulchra | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). The fibrous leaves may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Cliff gasteria | Gasteria rawlinsonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). The fibrous leaves can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset if a pet eats a large amount, so casual chewing is best discouraged. |
| Gattefosse's Mint | Mentha gattefossei | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mentha species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The essential oils are present in small quantities in fresh leaves and pose no toxicity concern at normal exposure levels. |
| Tiger Stripes Gazania | Gazania × hybrida 'Tiger Stripes' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hybrid gazania (Gazania × hybrida) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its safety is not formally confirmed; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic but is not ASPCA-listed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any plant, chewing the foliage or flowers can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Daybreak Garden Sun Gazania | Gazania rigens 'Daybreak Garden Sun' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gazania rigens (treasure flower) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is not formally confirmed; it is widely regarded as non-toxic but is not ASPCA-listed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingesting plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting in pets that chew it. |
| Geisha Girl flowering quince | Chaenomeles speciosa 'Geisha Girl' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Seeds of Chaenomeles speciosa contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin). Cooked fruit flesh is safe and used in preserves. ASPCA does not list this cultivar individually; based on the genus and family (Rosaceae), treat as mildly toxic, particularly regarding seed ingestion by pets. |
| Geneva Bugle | Ajuga genevensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ajuga genevensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like others in the genus, it contains iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in dogs and cats. Not associated with severe toxicity, but ingestion should be discouraged in pets. |
| Sweet Basil | Ocimum basilicum 'Genovese' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists basil (Ocimum basilicum) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaves are safe if nibbled, and the herb is a common culinary plant; large quantities might cause mild, transient stomach upset in a pet but pose no poisoning risk. |
| Gentian sage | Salvia patens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| Gentle Hermione | Rosa 'Gentle Hermione' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species, family Rosaceae, no toxic principle identified). Thorns can still cause physical injury, so site away from pet paths. |
| Geo Plant | Geogenanthus ciliatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Geogenanthus ciliatus is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases for cats or dogs, and the genus has no ASPCA-listed members (reports for the related Geogenanthus poeppigii conflict), so the genus cannot be treated as clean. As a precaution, treat it as mildly toxic, keep it away from pets that nibble foliage, and verify with your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) before relying on it being pet-safe. |
| seersucker plant | Geogenanthus undatus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Geogenanthus undatus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. It belongs to the spiderwort family (Commelinaceae); the related genus Tradescantia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic, with sap that can cause dermatitis and mild GI upset. Out of caution, treat as potentially irritating, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Georgia Blue Speedwell | Veronica peduncularis 'Georgia Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica peduncularis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for the Veronica genus in dogs, cats, or horses. |
| Ann Folkard cranesbill | Geranium 'Ann Folkard' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Geranium (hardy cranesbill) is distinct from the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' listing, which is Pelargonium (geraniol, linalool). 'Ann Folkard' is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy cranesbills are widely regarded as non-toxic, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Brookside cranesbill | Geranium 'Brookside' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Geranium (hardy cranesbill) is not the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' entry, which is Pelargonium (geraniol, linalool). 'Brookside' is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy cranesbills are generally considered non-toxic, but treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Johnson's Blue cranesbill | Geranium 'Johnson's Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. True hardy geraniums (genus Geranium, the cranesbills) are not on the ASPCA toxic plant list, which flags only Pelargonium (Geranium/Scented Geranium) as toxic. ASPCA-listed guidance distinguishes the safe Geranium genus from toxic Pelargonium. If a pet eats a large amount, mild stomach upset is still possible. |
| Nimbus cranesbill | Geranium 'Nimbus' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry refers to Pelargonium (toxic, geraniol and linalool), a separate genus. As cranesbill's status is not ASPCA-classified, treat with caution and verify with a vet before treating it as pet-safe. |
| Orion cranesbill | Geranium 'Orion' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' listing is for the unrelated genus Pelargonium (toxic, geraniol and linalool). Because cranesbill's status is not ASPCA-classified, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Patricia cranesbill | Geranium 'Patricia' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a true Geranium hybrid (cranesbill), 'Patricia' is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' listing refers to the toxic Pelargonium (bedding geranium) and its geraniol/linalool principle. Cranesbills are generally regarded as non-toxic, but because 'Patricia' is not specifically ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| zonal geranium | Pelargonium × hortorum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to geraniol and linalool. Symptoms include vomiting, depression, and dermatitis. True hardy geraniums (Geranium) are not toxic. |
| Wargrave Pink cranesbill | Geranium × oxonianum 'Wargrave Pink' | flowering | Mildly toxic | A cultivar of the true Geranium hybrid G. × oxonianum, a genus the ASPCA does not individually list as toxic or non-toxic. It is readily confused with the ASPCA-listed toxic 'geranium', Pelargonium species (toxic principles geraniol and linalool). Without an affirmative ASPCA non-toxic listing for cranesbill, treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Cambridge geranium | Geranium cantabrigiense | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Geranium (hardy cranesbill) differs from the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' listing, which is Pelargonium (geraniol, linalool). G. cantabrigiense is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy cranesbills are broadly regarded as non-toxic, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Biokovo cranesbill | Geranium cantabrigiense 'Biokovo' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Geranium (hardy cranesbill) is not the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' entry, which refers to Pelargonium (geraniol, linalool). 'Biokovo' is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy cranesbills are generally considered non-toxic, but treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Cambridge cranesbill pink | Geranium cantabrigiense 'Cambridge' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True hardy cranesbills (genus Geranium) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic entry actually refers to Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a different genus. Cranesbills are widely regarded as non-toxic, but because this species is not ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Ballerina cranesbill | Geranium cinereum 'Ballerina' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' page refers to the separate genus Pelargonium (geraniol and linalool). Cranesbills are generally low-risk, but as this species is unlisted, treat with caution and check with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Lawrence Flatman cranesbill | Geranium cinereum 'Lawrence Flatman' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry covers Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a different genus. Cranesbills are generally considered low-risk, but because this cultivar is unlisted, treat ingestion with caution and consult a vet to be safe. |
| Subcaulescent cranesbill | Geranium cinereum var. subcaulescens | flowering | Mildly toxic | True hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic database — the ASPCA 'Geranium' listing refers to Pelargonium (geraniol and linalool), a separate genus. Cranesbills are broadly low-risk, but as this taxon is unlisted, treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any. |
| Kashmir Purple cranesbill | Geranium clarkei 'Kashmir Purple' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic database — the ASPCA 'Geranium' listing refers to Pelargonium (geraniol and linalool), a different genus. Cranesbills are widely considered low-risk, but as this cultivar is unlisted, treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Kashmir White cranesbill | Geranium clarkei 'Kashmir White' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry refers to the separate genus Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool). Cranesbills are generally regarded as low-risk to pets, but because this cultivar is unlisted, treat ingestion with caution and consult a vet to be safe. |
| Endres cranesbill | Geranium endressii | flowering | Mildly toxic | True cranesbills (genus Geranium) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a separate genus. Cranesbills are generally considered non-toxic, but as G. endressii is not ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet safety. |
| Himalayan cranesbill | Geranium himalayense | flowering | Mildly toxic | True hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic database — the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry actually refers to Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool). Cranesbills are widely regarded as low-risk, but as this species is unlisted, treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Gravetye Himalayan cranesbill | Geranium himalayense 'Gravetye' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed by the ASPCA — its 'Geranium' entry covers Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a different genus. Cranesbills are broadly regarded as low-risk, but since this cultivar is unlisted, treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet eats any. |
| Double Himalayan cranesbill | Geranium himalayense 'Plenum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' listing refers to Pelargonium (geraniol and linalool). Cranesbills are generally considered low-risk to pets, but because this plant is unlisted, treat ingestion with caution and consult a vet to be safe. |
| Bigroot geranium | Geranium macrorrhizum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a true Geranium (cranesbill), it is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, which flags only Pelargonium (Geranium/Scented Geranium) as toxic. ASPCA guidance separates the safe Geranium genus from toxic Pelargonium. Eating a large quantity could still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Bevan's bigroot geranium | Geranium macrorrhizum 'Bevan's Variety' | flowering | Mildly toxic | This is a cultivar of true Geranium (G. macrorrhizum), a genus the ASPCA does not individually list as toxic or non-toxic. It is easily confused with the ASPCA-listed toxic 'geranium', Pelargonium species (toxic principles geraniol and linalool). Lacking an affirmative ASPCA non-toxic listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Spessart bigroot cranesbill | Geranium macrorrhizum 'Spessart' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA's 'Geranium' and 'Scented Geranium' toxic listings refer to Pelargonium species (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), NOT to true hardy cranesbills in the genus Geranium. Geranium macrorrhizum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; horticultural and veterinary sources widely regard true cranesbills as non-toxic, but absent a specific ASPCA non-toxic listing it is rated mildly-toxic out of caution. Verify with a vet and keep curious pets from grazing the aromatic foliage. |
| Spotted cranesbill | Geranium maculatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geranium maculatum belongs to the true Geranium genus, which is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry refers to the toxic Pelargonium (scented geranium) and its geraniol/linalool principle. Wild cranesbill is widely regarded as non-toxic, but as it is not specifically ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Elizabeth Ann spotted cranesbill | Geranium maculatum 'Elizabeth Ann' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a true Geranium (cranesbill), 'Elizabeth Ann' is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' listing refers to the toxic Pelargonium (bedding geranium) and its geraniol/linalool principle. Cranesbills are generally regarded as non-toxic, but because this cultivar is not specifically ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Knotted cranesbill | Geranium nodosum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geranium nodosum is a true Geranium (cranesbill) and is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry refers to the toxic Pelargonium (scented geranium), with geraniol and linalool as principles. Cranesbills are widely considered non-toxic, but as this species is not specifically ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Dusky cranesbill | Geranium phaeum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' / 'Scented Geranium' listings cover Pelargonium species (geraniol and linalool), not the true cranesbills. Geranium phaeum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy geraniums are widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but without a specific ASPCA non-toxic listing it is rated mildly-toxic out of caution. Verify with a vet and discourage pets from grazing the leaves. |
| White dusky cranesbill | Geranium phaeum 'Album' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' / 'Scented Geranium' listings cover Pelargonium species (geraniol and linalool), not the true cranesbills. Geranium phaeum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy geraniums are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but absent a specific ASPCA non-toxic listing 'Album' is rated mildly-toxic as a precaution. Verify with a vet and discourage pets from grazing the leaves. |
| Lily Lovell dusky cranesbill | Geranium phaeum 'Lily Lovell' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA toxic 'Geranium' / 'Scented Geranium' entries refer to Pelargonium species (geraniol and linalool), not true cranesbills. Geranium phaeum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy geraniums are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, but lacking a specific ASPCA non-toxic listing 'Lily Lovell' is rated mildly-toxic as a precaution. Verify with a vet and keep pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Samobor dusky geranium | Geranium phaeum 'Samobor' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA toxic 'Geranium' / 'Scented Geranium' listings refer to Pelargonium species (geraniol and linalool), not the true cranesbills. Geranium phaeum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy geraniums are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, but without a specific ASPCA non-toxic listing 'Samobor' is rated mildly-toxic as a precaution. Verify with a vet and keep pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Meadow cranesbill | Geranium pratense | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Geranium (hardy cranesbill) is a different genus from the ASPCA-listed toxic 'Geranium' entry, which is actually Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool). G. pratense is not individually listed by the ASPCA; while hardy cranesbills are widely regarded as non-toxic, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Mrs Kendall Clark meadow cranesbill | Geranium pratense 'Mrs Kendall Clark' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Geranium (hardy cranesbill) differs from the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' entry, which covers Pelargonium (geraniol, linalool). This G. pratense cultivar is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy cranesbills are generally regarded as non-toxic, but treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Double purple meadow cranesbill | Geranium pratense 'Plenum Violaceum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Geranium (hardy cranesbill) is distinct from the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' listing, which refers to Pelargonium (geraniol, linalool). 'Plenum Violaceum' is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy cranesbills are broadly considered non-toxic, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before treating it as pet-safe. |
| Victor Reiter Junior meadow geranium | Geranium pratense 'Victor Reiter Junior' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Geranium (hardy cranesbill) is not the same as the ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' entry, which is Pelargonium (geraniol, linalool). This cultivar is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy cranesbills are generally treated as non-toxic, but treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Armenian cranesbill | Geranium psilostemon | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geranium psilostemon is a true Geranium (cranesbill), a genus the ASPCA does not individually list as toxic or non-toxic. It is commonly confused with the ASPCA-listed toxic 'geranium', Pelargonium species (toxic principles geraniol and linalool). In the absence of an affirmative ASPCA non-toxic listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Renard's cranesbill | Geranium renardii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geranium renardii is a true Geranium (cranesbill) and is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry refers to the toxic Pelargonium (scented geranium), with geraniol and linalool as toxic principles. Cranesbills are widely regarded as non-toxic, but as this species is not specifically ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Phillipe Vapelle cranesbill | Geranium renardii 'Phillipe Vapelle' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a true Geranium (cranesbill) hybrid, 'Phillipe Vapelle' is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' listing refers to the toxic Pelargonium (bedding geranium) and its geraniol/linalool principle. Cranesbills are generally considered non-toxic, but because this cultivar is not specifically ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Bloody cranesbill | Geranium sanguineum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geranium sanguineum belongs to the true Geranium genus (cranesbills), which the ASPCA does not individually list as toxic or non-toxic. It is frequently confused with the ASPCA-listed toxic 'geranium', Pelargonium species (toxic principles geraniol and linalool). Without an affirmative ASPCA non-toxic listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| White bloody cranesbill | Geranium sanguineum 'Album' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA's 'Geranium' / 'Scented Geranium' toxic entries cover Pelargonium species (geraniol and linalool), not the true cranesbills. Geranium sanguineum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; true hardy geraniums are widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but lacking a specific ASPCA non-toxic listing it is rated mildly-toxic as a precaution. Verify with a vet and discourage pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Max Frei cranesbill | Geranium sanguineum 'Max Frei' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA toxic 'Geranium' / 'Scented Geranium' listings apply to Pelargonium (geraniol and linalool), not to true cranesbills. Geranium sanguineum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy geraniums are broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, but without a specific ASPCA non-toxic listing 'Max Frei' is rated mildly-toxic as a precaution. Verify with a vet and prevent pets from grazing the foliage. |
| Striped bloody cranesbill | Geranium sanguineum var. striatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA 'Geranium' / 'Scented Geranium' toxic listings refer to Pelargonium species (geraniol and linalool), not the true cranesbills. Geranium sanguineum var. striatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; hardy geraniums are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but absent a specific ASPCA non-toxic listing it is rated mildly-toxic as a precaution. Verify with a vet and keep pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Wood cranesbill | Geranium sylvaticum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The true Geranium genus (hardy cranesbills) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry actually refers to Pelargonium (scented/bedding geranium), which is toxic via geraniol and linalool. Cranesbills are widely regarded as non-toxic, but because Geranium sylvaticum is not specifically ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Mayflower wood cranesbill | Geranium sylvaticum 'Mayflower' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy cranesbills in the true Geranium genus are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' listing refers to Pelargonium (bedding geranium), which is toxic via geraniol and linalool. Cranesbills are generally considered non-toxic, but as 'Mayflower' is not specifically ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Buxton's Variety cranesbill | Geranium wallichianum 'Buxton's Variety' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy cranesbills (genus Geranium) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic entry refers to Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a different genus. Cranesbills are broadly regarded as non-toxic, but because this cultivar is not ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Syabru cranesbill | Geranium wallichianum 'Syabru' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True cranesbills (genus Geranium) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a separate genus. Cranesbills are generally regarded as non-toxic, but because this cultivar is not ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Showy cranesbill | Geranium x magnificum | flowering | Mildly toxic | True hardy Geranium (cranesbill) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; the ASPCA 'Geranium' entry refers to Pelargonium (toxic, principles geraniol and linalool), a different genus. As cranesbill's status is not ASPCA-classified, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Oxford cranesbill | Geranium x oxonianum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy cranesbills (genus Geranium) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a separate genus often loosely called 'geranium'. True Geranium is generally considered non-toxic, but as this species is not ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet safety. |
| A.T. Johnson cranesbill | Geranium x oxonianum 'A.T. Johnson' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True cranesbills (genus Geranium) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a separate genus. Cranesbills are generally considered non-toxic, but as this cultivar is not ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet safety. |
| Claridge Druce geranium | Geranium x oxonianum 'Claridge Druce' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy cranesbills (genus Geranium) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic entry refers to Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a different genus. Cranesbills are widely regarded as non-toxic, but because this cultivar is not ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Wargrave Pink cranesbill | Geranium x oxonianum 'Wargrave Pink' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardy cranesbills (genus Geranium) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic entry actually covers Pelargonium (toxic principles geraniol and linalool), a different genus. Cranesbills are broadly regarded as non-toxic, but because this cultivar is not ASPCA-listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Gerbera daisy | Gerbera jamesonii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Gerbera jamesonii (Gerber Daisy) as non-toxic to dogs, non-toxic to cats, and non-toxic to horses. Do not confuse it with toxic look-alikes such as chrysanthemums (mums), which are toxic to pets. |
| German Butterball potato | Solanum tuberosum 'German Butterball' | edible | Toxic | Toxic per the ASPCA listing for potato (Solanum tuberosum). Foliage, stems, sprouts and green tubers contain solanine glycoalkaloids; cats and dogs may show drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness and CNS depression. Only fully cured, non-green tubers are food-safe; keep the growing plant and green trimmings out of pets' reach. |
| Hooker's Orchid Cactus Hybrid | Disocactus × hybridus 'Deutsche Kaiserin' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This is a Disocactus (orchid-cactus) hybrid, and cacti of this group are not on the ASPCA toxic list — cacti are broadly ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported; the only real concern is minor stomach upset or mechanical irritation from chewing. Verify with a vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Germander Speedwell | Veronica chamaedrys | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica chamaedrys is not listed as toxic on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and multiple authoritative pet-safety sources confirm it is non-toxic to cats and dogs. Mild gastric upset is possible if very large quantities are ingested. |
| Germinyan's Angraecum | Angraecum germinyanum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Angraecum belongs to Orchidaceae, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Angraecum germinyanum is not individually listed, but there are no documented toxic principles in this genus or family. |
| Gertrude Jekyll | Rosa 'Gertrude Jekyll' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; all true Rosa species are classified non-toxic. Note the practical hazard is mechanical: thorns can injure paws and mouths, and chewed foliage may cause mild GI upset. |
| Gesneria-flowered Sage | Salvia gesneriiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principle identified for the genus. |
| Mrs Bradshaw avens | Geum 'Mrs Bradshaw' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an ornamental perennial, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Mrs. J. Bradshaw avens | Geum 'Mrs. J. Bradshaw' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geum (avens) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not known to be seriously toxic, but ingesting plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting. Since a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed against ASPCA, discourage pets from eating it. |
| Prinses Juliana avens | Geum 'Prinses Juliana' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geum hybrids are not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so toxicity is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild stomach upset or vomiting in cats and dogs. |
| Scarlet Tempest avens | Geum 'Scarlet Tempest' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an ornamental perennial, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so keep pets from grazing the foliage and flowers. |
| Totally Tangerine avens | Geum 'Totally Tangerine' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geum (avens) is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No major toxic principle is documented, but ingestion of any plant matter can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage chewing by pets. |
| Leonard's Variety water avens | Geum rivale 'Leonard's Variety' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geum (avens) is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting in pets. |
| Chilean hazel | Gevuina avellana | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Gevuina does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic lists; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet. The roasted nuts are eaten by people, but pet safety is unconfirmed by the ASPCA, so it should not be described as pet-safe. |
| Ghost painted fern | Athyrium 'Ghost' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium ('Ghost' is an Athyrium niponicum × Athyrium filix-femina hybrid) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. Status is not ASPCA-confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Ghost Fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Ghost' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium ferns are true ferns (family Athyriaceae). The ASPCA lists Athyrium as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Ghost Fern, as an Athyrium hybrid, shares this safe status. No known toxic principles. |
| ghost pepper | Capsicum chinense 'Bhut Jolokia' | edible | Mildly toxic | Edible Capsicum chinense is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its capsaicin is a strong irritant: chewed pods or leaves cause mouth and stomach burning, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea in cats and dogs. Note the ASPCA-listed toxic 'ornamental pepper' is the unrelated Solanum pseudocapsicum. Keep these very hot pods away from pets and verify concerns with a vet. |
| Ghost plant | Graptopetalum paraguayense | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Ghost Plant as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (catalogued under the synonym Sedum weinbergii). It belongs to the family Crassulaceae, which contains no recognised toxic principles, so it is one of the safer succulents for pet households. As a sensible precaution, discourage nibbling, since any plant material can cause mild, transient stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Giant Arrowhead | Sagittaria montevidensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sagittaria species are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and are widely considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The aquatic arrowheads (Sagittaria spp.) should not be confused with arrowhead vine (Syngonium podophyllum), which is toxic and a completely different plant family. |
| Giant autumn daffodil | Sternbergia clusiana | flowering | Toxic | As a member of Amaryllidaceae, Sternbergia clusiana contains Amaryllidaceae alkaloids — the same toxic compound class (including lycorine) present in Narcissus and Amaryllis, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of any plant part, especially the bulb, may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and hypersalivation. Seek immediate veterinary advice if a pet has ingested any part of this plant. |
| Giant Bamboo | Dendrocalamus giganteus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dendrocalamus giganteus foliage is not reported as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA; bamboo as a family has no established toxic principles for companion animals. As with other bamboos, uncooked shoots contain cyanogenic glucosides and must be boiled before human consumption. |
| Giant Barrel Cactus | Echinocactus platyacanthus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Echinocactus platyacanthus is not individually listed by ASPCA. No known alkaloid toxins are reported for this genus, but the very long, stiff spines present a serious physical hazard to pets, children, and handlers. Ingestion of plant material may cause mechanical injury to the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Always use thick gloves when handling. |
| Giant Bellflower | Campanula latifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species, including C. latifolia, are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Large ingestions may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to plant fibre, but no toxic principles have been documented. |
| Giant Chalk Dudleya | Dudleya brittonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya is in the Crassulaceae family. Unlike jade-type Crassulaceae genera (Crassula, Kalanchoe), Dudleya is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No confirmed toxic principle has been reported for this genus; however it is not individually ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, so monitor pets that chew it. |
| giant chinese silver grass | Miscanthus floridulus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus floridulus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, and the genus Miscanthus has no specific ASPCA entry, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. The realistic hazard is mechanical, the tall sharp-edged blades can cut, and seed awns can lodge in skin, ears or paws, rather than chemical poisoning. |
| Giant Cymbidium | Cymbidium giganteum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cymbidium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are documented in Cymbidium giganteum. |
| Giant Dioon | Dioon spinulosum | tropical | Toxic | Dioon spinulosum contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside), the potent hepatotoxic compound present throughout the Zamiaceae family including Cycas revoluta (sago palm), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts — seeds, leaves, and roots — are toxic; seeds contain the highest concentrations. Ingestion causes vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure, and is potentially fatal. Seek immediate emergency veterinary care if ingestion is suspected. |
| Giant Dogwood | Cornus controversa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cornus controversa is not individually listed by the ASPCA but no Cornus species is listed as toxic. The genus has no documented toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. The small blue-black fruit is consumed by birds and wildlife. As with any plant material, consumption of large quantities may cause mild, transient GI upset in pets, but specific poisoning risk is not documented. |
| Giant Dorstenia | Dorstenia gigas | tropical | Mildly toxic | Dorstenia gigas belongs to the Moraceae family, some members of which produce irritant latex. The species is not individually listed by ASPCA and is not documented as seriously toxic. However, as the family can cause mild contact dermatitis or gastrointestinal irritation from latex in the stem and leaves, treat it cautiously: keep away from pets and young children and avoid skin contact with sap from cut stems. |
| Giant Dragon Orchid | Dracula gigas | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dracula (Orchidaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxic principles. Orchidaceae as a family is broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of plant material may cause minor gastrointestinal upset. When in doubt, keep out of reach of pets. |
| Giant Dutchman's pipe | Aristolochia gigantea | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Aristolochia gigantea contain aristolochic acids — potent nephrotoxins and carcinogens. Ingestion causes severe gastrointestinal distress and can lead to irreversible kidney failure in humans and animals. Critically, Aristolochia gigantea is also lethal to Pipevine swallowtail caterpillars (Battus philenor), which cannot tolerate its specific toxin profile. Keep strictly away from children and pets. |
| giant feather grass | Stipa gigantea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Stipa gigantea is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and no specific toxic principle is documented for it. Treat with caution and verify with a vet: as with any ornamental grass, ingested plant material can cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset, and fine bristly seed awns may irritate the mouth or gut. |
| Giant Fishtail Palm | Caryota maxima | tropical | Mildly toxic | The fruit mesocarp of Caryota maxima contains calcium oxalate raphide crystals, which cause intense oral burning, drooling, and vomiting in pets and people if ingested. Handle fruits with gloves. Caryota is not individually listed on the ASPCA database; however, the calcium oxalate hazard from the fruits is well documented in veterinary sources. Leafy parts are not reported as toxic. |
| Mountain Fishtail Palm | Caryota gigas | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The Caryota genus contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing releases needle-like crystals causing intense oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The ripe fruits are especially irritant. Though not individually on the ASPCA list, the genus is a well-documented oxalate producer, so treat as toxic. |
| giant ginger lily | Hedychium maximum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hedychium coronarium and Hedychium gardnerianum as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; Hedychium maximum belongs to the same genus with no identified toxic principles, and is considered non-toxic. |
| Giant Hard Fern | Blechnum tabulare | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blechnum tabulare is a true fern and is not specifically listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. True ferns are generally considered non-toxic to pets; however, as a precaution, prevent pets from consuming large quantities. |
| Giant honeysuckle | Lonicera hildebrandiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Lonicera hildebrandiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Lonicera species, its berries may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets (vomiting, diarrhoea) if consumed. The flowers and foliage are not considered severely toxic, but given the plant's size and berry production, keep pets from grazing on it. Contact a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Giant Ixora | Ixora macrothyrsa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ixora macrothyrsa is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other Ixora species, mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if leaves or stems are ingested by pets or children due to iridoid glycosides and tannins. Not considered severely toxic, but keep away from animals and small children as a precaution. |
| Giant Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum formosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum ferns are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified in Adiantum formosum. |
| Giant Pineapple Lily | Eucomis pallidiflora | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Eucomis as toxic to cats and dogs. Not specifically listed as toxic on the ASPCA database; multiple horticultural sources describe Eucomis as non-toxic. However, as a member of Amaryllidaceae — which broadly contains lycorine alkaloids capable of causing vomiting and gastrointestinal irritation — a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is appropriate. The bulb presents the greatest risk; keep pets away from bulbs at planting time. |
| giant rainbow plant | Byblis gigantea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Byblis gigantea (Byblidaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family has no documented toxic principle for cats or dogs. The adhesive mucilage functions purely mechanically and poses no known chemical hazard. |
| giant reed grass | Arundo donax | tropical | Mildly toxic | Arundo donax is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The plant contains indole alkaloids (notably tryptamine derivatives including dimethyltryptamine and bufotenine) that have been identified in the rhizome and leaves. These compounds can cause neurological effects in mammals if significant quantities are ingested. As a precaution, this plant should be treated as mildly toxic to pets and kept away from animals that habitually chew vegetation. |
| Giant sacaton | Sporobolus wrightii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sporobolus wrightii is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs. Sporobolus species are non-toxic grasses and are browsed safely by livestock and wildlife throughout their native range. |
| giant sacaton | Sporobolus wrightii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. A true grass grazed by livestock and wildlife with no known systemic toxin, but the seed awns can cause mechanical irritation to a pet's mouth, ears or paws if heavily chewed. |
| Giant Sea Holly | Eryngium pandanifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eryngium is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; the genus is considered non-toxic, though the long, spiny-edged leaves of E. pandanifolium can cause significant physical injury to pets that interact with the plant. |
| giant sequoia | Sequoiadendron giganteum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sequoiadendron giganteum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Secondary horticultural sources describe it as not known to be toxic to pets, but without an ASPCA listing this is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| dwarf giant sequoia | Sequoiadendron giganteum 'Blauer Eichzwerg' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sequoiadendron giganteum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Secondary sources describe giant sequoia as not known to be toxic to pets, but without an ASPCA listing this remains unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| blue giant sequoia | Sequoiadendron giganteum 'Glaucum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sequoiadendron giganteum is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe rating cannot be given. There is no well-documented serious toxic principle reported, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for cats or dogs. |
| Giant Snowdrop | Galanthus elwesii | flowering | Toxic | Like all Galanthus species, G. elwesii contains the alkaloid galantamine and lycorine, concentrated especially in the bulbs. Ingestion by dogs or cats causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and in significant quantities can cause cardiac and neurological effects. ASPCA lists Galanthus (snowdrop) as toxic to dogs and cats. The larger bulbs of this species contain proportionally more alkaloid than those of G. nivalis. |
| Giant South American Bamboo | Chusquea gigantea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chusquea gigantea is a member of Poaceae (grass family). Bamboo grasses have no known toxic principles to dogs or cats and are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. |
| Giant staghorn | Platycerium superbum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the staghorn fern genus Platycerium as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Platycerium bifurcatum and Platycerium alcicorne are both individually listed non-toxic). Non-toxic per ASPCA; as with any plant, large amounts may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Giant Sunburst Lotus | Nelumbo nucifera 'Perry's Giant Sunburst' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nelumbo nucifera is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Lotus alkaloids (nuciferine, lotusine, and related compounds) are present throughout the plant and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if eaten in quantity. Rhizomes and seeds are eaten by humans across Asia. Classified mildly-toxic out of caution for companion animals; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests a significant amount. |
| Giant Swamp Taro | Cyrtosperma merkusii | edible | Mildly toxic | Raw Cyrtosperma merkusii corms and leaves contain calcium oxalate raphide crystals (an Araceae family characteristic) causing intense oral and gastrointestinal irritation if consumed uncooked. Thorough cooking (boiling, roasting, baking) destroys the crystals and renders the starchy corm edible and an important staple food in Pacific Island cultures. ASPCA lists Araceae as toxic to cats and dogs. Not for raw consumption by humans or animals. |
| Giant Elephant Ear | Alocasia macrorrhizos | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Alocasia (elephant's ear) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral burning, irritation of mouth, tongue and lips, profuse drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The raw rhizome is especially irritant and must be cooked before any culinary use. |
| Giant Thevetia | Thevetia thevetioides | tropical | Toxic | All parts — sap, leaves, seeds, and flowers — contain cardiac glycosides (including potent heart-stimulating compounds found in the seeds). Toxic to humans and animals; seed ingestion can be lethal. The genus Thevetia is well-documented as severely poisonous throughout horticultural and toxicological literature. Wear gloves when pruning due to the milky irritant latex. |
| Giant Thorny Bamboo | Bambusa bambos | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa bambos is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this species. The primary safety concern is physical injury from the large, sharp thorns; keep pets and children away from clump bases. |
| Giant Timber Bamboo | Bambusa oldhamii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa oldhamii is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The edible shoots are commercially harvested for human consumption and the genus has no documented toxic principles in veterinary toxicology. |
| Giant Trillium | Trillium chloropetalum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium chloropetalum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other sessile Trilliums, roots and berries are the most potentially problematic parts; the toxic principle is not formally confirmed. Keep pets and children from ingesting any part. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Giant Typhonium | Typhonium giganteum | tropical | Toxic | Typhonium giganteum contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in all plant parts, consistent with Araceae aroids. In Traditional Chinese Medicine the processed rhizome (Bai Fu Zi) is used medicinally, but the raw plant is toxic. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or people causes oral burning, swelling, and gastrointestinal irritation. The ASPCA classifies Araceae aroids as toxic due to calcium oxalate crystals. Not pet-safe in any form. |
| Giant Vriesea | Vriesea gigantea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. V. gigantea, as a member of Bromeliaceae, has no known toxic principles and is considered pet-safe. |
| Giant Wart Fern | Microsorum grossum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Microsorum ferns belong to family Polypodiaceae, which contains no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. Microsorum grossum is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus and family have no reported toxicity; considered safe around pets based on family precedent. |
| Giant Water Lily | Nymphaea gigantea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea gigantea is not specifically listed by the ASPCA; however, some Nymphaea species contain alkaloids (nupharamine alkaloids) in rhizomes that may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; not expected to cause serious harm in brief contact but keep pets from chewing rhizomes. |
| Giant wax plant | Hoya gigas | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya carnosa listed as 'Wax Plant' — Non-Toxic; Hoya kerrii as 'Sweetheart Hoya' — Non-Toxic). Hoya gigas is not individually listed, but no Hoya species appears on the ASPCA toxic list. Ingesting large quantities of any plant material may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| giant white bird of paradise | Strelitzia nicolai | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Strelitzia (Bird of Paradise Flower, Strelitzia reginae) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; toxic principles are GI irritants (primarily tannins and cyanogenic glycosides concentrated in the fruit and seeds). Clinical signs include nausea, vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and drowsiness. Strelitzia nicolai is the same genus and carries the same toxicity risk. Keep all parts of the plant away from pets and contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) or a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Giant Wild Pine | Tillandsia utriculata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The sharp leaf edges could cause minor oral irritation if chewed, but there are no known toxic principles in this species. |
| white gibbaeum | Gibbaeum album | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Gibbaeum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is not formally established. Mesembs are generally regarded as non-toxic by hobbyist sources, but that lacks ASPCA grounding; treat with caution, keep away from pets that chew plants, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Heath's gibbaeum | Gibbaeum heathii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Gibbaeum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and unlike Lithops it does not appear on ASPCA non-toxic lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Mesemb foliage is high in soluble oxalates; treat as a precaution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| rock gibbaeum | Gibbaeum petrense | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Gibbaeum is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, and it does not appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so the pet-safety status is unconfirmed. Mesemb tissue tends to be oxalate-rich; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| velvety gibbaeum | Gibbaeum velutinum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Gibbaeum velutinum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus is absent from the ASPCA non-toxic list, so pet-safety is unconfirmed. Mesemb foliage is typically high in soluble oxalates; treat with caution and verify with a vet before exposing cats or dogs. Do not label pet-safe. |
| Gijnlim asparagus | Asparagus officinalis 'Gijnlim' | edible | Mildly toxic | The edible spears of garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are eaten by people. This is not the same as the ASPCA-toxic ornamental asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus). As an all-male hybrid 'Gijnlim' rarely produces the red berries that cause mild GI upset in pets, but the ferny foliage may still irritate; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet shows symptoms. |
| ginger mint | Mentha × gracilis | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Mint (Mentha sp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is essential oils and large ingestions cause vomiting and diarrhea. Ginger mint is a Mentha hybrid covered by this genus listing, so keep pets from grazing it and never use concentrated mint essential oil around cats. |
| Autumn Gold ginkgo | Ginkgo biloba 'Autumn Gold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ginkgo is not individually listed on the ASPCA database. The toxic principle is ginkgotoxin (4-O-methylpyridoxine), concentrated in the seeds of female trees; ingestion can cause vomiting, irritability, and seizures in pets. 'Autumn Gold' is a fruitless male clone that sets no seed, so this primary hazard is largely absent, but without ASPCA grounding treat it with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests plant material. |
| columnar ginkgo | Ginkgo biloba 'Fastigiata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ginkgo biloba is not individually listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database. The fleshy seed coat of female trees contains ginkgotoxin and can cause vomiting, irritability and seizures if eaten; raw seeds are toxic. As a male, non-fruiting clone this cultivar poses little seed risk, but treat with caution and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Mariken dwarf ginkgo | Ginkgo biloba 'Mariken' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ginkgo biloba is not individually listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database. Female ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin, which can cause vomiting, irritability and seizures if eaten, and raw seeds are toxic. 'Mariken' is a male, non-fruiting clone so seed exposure is unlikely, but treat with caution and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Saratoga ginkgo | Ginkgo biloba 'Saratoga' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ginkgo biloba is not individually listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database. The seeds of female trees contain ginkgotoxin and can trigger vomiting, irritability and seizures if eaten, with raw seeds being toxic. 'Saratoga' is a male, fruitless clone, so seed risk is minimal, but treat with caution and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| ginseng ficus | Ficus microcarpa 'Ginseng' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Ficus as toxic, with toxic principles ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and ficusin (psoralen) concentrated in the milky sap that bleeds from cuts and pruning wounds. Ingestion or sap contact can cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and decreased appetite. Keep the bonsai and pruning debris away from pets. |
| Girard's Thrift | Armeria girardii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Armeria girardii is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles have been documented for this species or the genus broadly. Applied as mildly-toxic as a precautionary classification; mild gastrointestinal upset may occur if ingested by cats or dogs. |
| Gireoud's Brassia | Brassia gireoudiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassia is in the family Orchidaceae and has no known toxic compounds. The ASPCA lists multiple orchid genera as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Brassia follows the same profile. Brassia gireoudiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic principle has been reported for this genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if consumed in quantity. |
| Glacier Pink | Dianthus glacialis | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Dianthus species, D. glacialis carries the genus-level ASPCA mild toxicity designation for dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation; not severely poisonous but pets should be discouraged from chewing. |
| Espresso gladiolus | Gladiolus 'Espresso' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Gladiola (Gladiolus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with the highest toxin concentration in the corms. Ingestion causes salivation, drooling, vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea. Store corms and keep cut stems out of pets' reach, and contact a vet if any is consumed. |
| Impressive gladiolus | Gladiolus 'Impressive' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Gladiola (Gladiolus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the highest concentration of toxins is in the corms (bulbs). Signs of ingestion include salivation, drooling, vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea. Keep corms and cut stems out of pets' reach and contact a vet or the ASPCA poison line if eaten. |
| Purple Flora gladiolus | Gladiolus 'Purple Flora' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Gladiola (Gladiolus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with toxins most concentrated in the corms. Ingestion causes salivation, drooling, vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea. Keep corms and cut flowers away from pets and seek veterinary advice if any is eaten. |
| Traderhorn gladiolus | Gladiolus 'Traderhorn' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Gladiola (Gladiolus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is unknown, with the highest concentration in the corms (bulbs); ingestion causes salivation, drooling, vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea. |
| Abyssinian gladiolus | Gladiolus callianthus | flowering | Toxic | As a Gladiolus species this falls under the ASPCA's Gladiola listing, which is toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is unknown, concentrated in the corms; signs include salivation, drooling, vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea. |
| Gladiolus-Flowered Werauhia | Werauhia gladioliflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Werauhia is in the family Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Glandular Heron's Bill | Erodium glandulosum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium glandulosum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic species, and no specific toxic principles have been documented for this species. However, as ASPCA data for this exact species is absent, it is prudent to classify it as mildly-toxic; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Glandular pitcher plant | Nepenthes glandulifera | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes glandulifera is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principle harmful to cats or dogs has been documented for this species. Due to the lack of specific safety data, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; the digestive enzymes in pitcher fluid could irritate a pet's mouth or stomach if ingested. |
| Glandular Rosularia | Rosularia adenotricha | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia adenotricha is a Crassulaceae species. The genus Rosularia is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, no toxic principle to pets has been identified. Based on genus-level data and the non-toxic status of closely related Sempervivum (ASPCA-listed non-toxic), Rosularia is not regarded as harmful to cats or dogs. |
| Glandular-stemmed Monanthes | Monanthes adenoscepes | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Monanthes is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Crassulaceae; unlike Kalanchoe or Tylecodon it lacks confirmed bufadienolide toxins, but as a jade-type Crassulaceae member it is prudent to treat it as mildly toxic. Ingestion may cause mild gastric upset in pets. Keep out of reach of cats and dogs to be safe. |
| Glaskin's Perpetual rhubarb | Rheum × hybridum 'Glaskin's Perpetual' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists rhubarb as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates concentrated in the leaves. Signs include kidney failure, tremors and salivation. Although this cultivar has lower oxalic acid in the stalks, the leaves remain hazardous to pets and should never be eaten or left where animals graze. |
| Glasswort | Salicornia europaea | edible | Mildly toxic | Salicornia europaea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs, and the young shoots are widely eaten by humans. However, the extremely high sodium content can cause salt toxicity, vomiting, and diarrhoea in dogs and cats if consumed in any significant quantity; treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of pets. |
| Glaucous Lampranthus | Lampranthus glaucus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lampranthus glaucus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Aizoaceae in general has no documented systemic toxin in this genus, but mild gastrointestinal upset following ingestion is possible. Treat as a precautionary mild irritant and keep away from pets and small children. |
| Glaucous Sedge | Carex flacca | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex (sedge) species are not listed as toxic on the ASPCA database and are widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no harmful compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Glaziou's Fuchsia | Fuchsia glazioviana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified for this genus. |
| Sunburst Honey Locust | Gleditsia triacanthos 'Sunburst' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses); honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) has its own entry on the ASPCA non-toxic plant lists. 'Sunburst' is thornless and seedless, so it avoids the thorn-injury and pod concerns of the wild species. |
| Thornless Honey Locust | Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses); honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant lists. This thornless form removes the thorn-injury risk of the wild species; large quantities of seed pods may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Glen Ample raspberry | Rubus idaeus 'Glen Ample' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Rubus, as raspberry/Creeping Rubus, is classed non-toxic). Fruit and foliage are pet-safe; only large quantities of plant material may cause mild GI upset. |
| Glenn mango | Mangifera indica 'Glenn' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The mango tree (Mangifera indica) is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats, and its leaves and ripe fruit are generally considered non-toxic to pets. Note that the skin and sap contain urushiol, which can cause contact dermatitis, and the large stone is a choking and gut-obstruction risk, so keep pits and peel away from pets. |
| Globe amaranth | Gomphrena globosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gomphrena globosa (Amaranthaceae) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic alkaloids or glycosides have been documented in this species. Safe around pets and children. |
| Green Globe artichoke | Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus 'Green Globe' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cynara cardunculus, cardoon/artichoke). It is not a poisoning risk, though pets eating large amounts of any fibrous plant may get mild, self-limiting digestive upset. |
| Globe Blue Spruce | Picea pungens 'Glauca Globosa' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Picea pungens is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as confirmed toxic; however, the sharp needles and resinous oils can irritate the mouth and gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs, causing drooling, vomiting, or diarrhoea. Sharp fallen needles also pose a physical hazard. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Globe candytuft | Iberis umbellata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Iberis umbellata (Brassicaceae) has no reported toxic principles to cats or dogs. The Brassicaceae family is generally considered non-toxic; ASPCA lists related genus Iberis as non-toxic. Safe around pets and children. |
| Globe-flowered wax plant | Hoya globulosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs (listing Hoya carnosa 'Wax Plant' and Hoya kerrii 'Sweetheart Hoya' as Non-Toxic with no toxic principles). Hoya globulosa is not individually named on the ASPCA database, but no Hoya species appears on their toxic list. Eating large quantities of foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckia hirta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rudbeckia hirta is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a confident pet-safe rating cannot be assigned; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The bristly leaf and stem hairs and sesquiterpene lactones may cause mild contact irritation or stomach upset if chewed. |
| Glorious Columnea | Columnea gloriosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Columnea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are present; ingesting plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset but is not considered dangerous. |
| Glory of the snow | Chionodoxa forbesii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chionodoxa forbesii is not specifically listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. The bulbs contain saponins and other compounds that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea) if chewed or ingested by cats or dogs. Contact with bulb sap may also cause skin or eye irritation in humans. Treat with the same caution as other ornamental Asparagaceae bulbs. |
| Glory of the Sun | Leucocoryne ixioides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Leucocoryne ixioides is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As a member of Amaryllidaceae (formerly Alliaceae/Themidaceae), it is related to plants containing organosulfur compounds and steroidal saponins. The garlic scent of the crushed leaves indicates the presence of organosulfur compounds, similar to those in Allium species that are toxic to cats and dogs. Given the absence of confirmed non-toxic status and its Amaryllidaceae affinity, treat as potentially harmful and seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part. |
| glosso | Glossostigma elatinoides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Glossostigma is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and there is no genus-level ASPCA ruling, so its toxicity status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. As a submerged aquarium carpet, realistic pet ingestion exposure is minimal. |
| glossy abelia | Abelia × grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abelia × grandiflora is not listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by the ASPCA; multiple veterinary and horticultural poison-control databases find no documented toxic compounds in this genus. It is widely regarded as pet-safe in garden settings. |
| Canterbury bells gloxinia | Gloxinia perennis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The ASPCA non-toxic listing for 'Gloxinia' (family Gesneriaceae) and 'Tree Gloxinia' (Kohleria) covers this gloxinia group; no toxic principle is reported for the genus. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Bolivian sunset | Gloxinia sylvatica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The ASPCA non-toxic listing for 'Gloxinia' and 'Tree Gloxinia' in family Gesneriaceae covers this gloxinia group; no toxic principle is reported. Ingestion may at most cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Variegated Manna Grass | Glyceria maxima 'Variegata' | flowering | Toxic | Glyceria maxima is cyanogenic — its young vegetative shoots can accumulate hydrocyanic acid and the plant is documented to have caused fatal cyanide poisoning in grazing livestock. Though not individually profiled on the ASPCA database, the recognised cyanogenic toxic principle makes it unsafe; keep cats, dogs and grazing animals from chewing it and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected (signs of cyanide poisoning include drooling, rapid breathing, weakness and collapse). |
| Gmelin's sea lavender | Limonium gmelinii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (Limonium sp.) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Consuming large amounts may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Gnome Norway Spruce | Picea abies 'Gnome' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Norway spruce (Picea abies) does not appear on the ASPCA's toxic-plant list and has no known toxic principle, so it is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. The sharp needles can cause mild mechanical or gastrointestinal irritation if chewed; discourage ingestion and watch for brief stomach upset after a large nibble. |
| Goat Horn Cactus | Astrophytum capricorne | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Cactaceae genus Astrophytum is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but the ASPCA records no toxic principles for cacti, and the closely related Bishop's Cap (Astrophytum myriostigma) is documented as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The real hazard is mechanical: the long, stiff spines can injure a curious pet's mouth or paws, so site it out of reach. |
| Goat's-beard | Tragopogon pratensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tragopogon pratensis is not specifically listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The milky latex in the stems may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity. Classified as mildly toxic out of caution; seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes large amounts. |
| Beauty Star calathea | Goeppertia 'Beauty Star' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia (formerly Calathea, including ornata types) and the prayer-plant group (Maranta, Ctenanthe, Stromanthe) are recognised non-toxic by the ASPCA, so 'Beauty Star' is safe around pets. As with any non-food plant, heavy nibbling may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Calathea bella | Goeppertia bella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants as non-toxic to cats and dogs. There is no toxic principle; nibbling a large amount of fibrous leaf may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Flamestar calathea | Goeppertia bella 'Flamestar' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia (formerly Calathea) and the wider prayer-plant family (Maranta, Ctenanthe, Stromanthe) are classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, making 'Flamestar' a safe choice for pet households. Large quantities may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset, as with any non-food plant. |
| Royal calathea | Goeppertia majestica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Goeppertia (formerly Calathea) is part of the prayer-plant group that the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. 'Royal calathea' is safe around pets, though as with any plant, ingesting large amounts of foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| White star calathea | Goeppertia majestica 'Whitestar' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Goeppertia (formerly Calathea) belongs to the prayer-plant group that the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so 'Whitestar' is safe around pets. As with any houseplant, eating large quantities of leaves may cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Medallion calathea | Goeppertia veitchiana 'Medallion' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calathea and the closely related Goeppertia (prayer plants in the Marantaceae) are not on the ASPCA toxic list, making this a safe choice around pets. |
| round-leaf calathea | Goeppertia orbifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia (formerly Calathea) and the prayer-plant group (Maranta, Ctenanthe, Stromanthe) are classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, so orbifolia is safe in pet homes. As with any non-food plant, eating a lot may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| pleated calathea | Goeppertia pluriplicata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calathea/Goeppertia (prayer plants) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this species is considered pet-safe. While not poisonous, large quantities of any plant matter can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage heavy chewing. |
| Illustris calathea | Goeppertia roseopicta 'Illustris' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia (formerly Calathea) and the broader prayer-plant group are not listed among ASPCA's toxic plants, making this a safe choice for households with pets, though nibbling any houseplant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| star calathea | Goeppertia setosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia (formerly Calathea) and the prayer-plant group (Maranta, Ctenanthe, Stromanthe) are recognised non-toxic by the ASPCA, so setosa is safe for pet households. As with any non-food plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| White Fusion calathea | Goeppertia lietzei 'White Fusion' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Goeppertia (formerly Calathea) and the broader prayer-plant group (Maranta, Ctenanthe, Stromanthe) are recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic, so 'White Fusion' is safe around pets. Curious nibbling may still cause mild, transient stomach upset, as with any non-food plant. |
| goji berry | Lycium barbarum | edible | Mildly toxic | Goji (Lycium barbarum) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally classified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It belongs to the nightshade family (Solanaceae), several members of which are toxic to pets, so do not assume pet-safe. Discourage pets from grazing the foliage and unripe fruit. |
| Yellow Christmas Cactus | Schlumbergera truncata 'Gold Charm' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Schlumbergera). As a holiday-cactus cultivar it shares this status; the fibrous segments may cause mild, passing GI upset if eaten in quantity, but contain no toxic chemical. |
| Gold Coast Juniper | Juniperus chinensis 'Gold Coast' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Juniperus / juniper as toxic to cats and dogs. Volatile oils in the foliage and berries can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and kidney irritation if eaten. Keep pets from chewing the plant or its cones and seek veterinary advice after any ingestion. |
| Gold dew tufted hair grass | Deschampsia cespitosa 'Goldtau' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Deschampsia cespitosa is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs; this ornamental grass is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Gold dust alyssum | Aurinia saxatilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aurinia saxatilis (basket of gold) is confirmed non-toxic to dogs by the ASPCA and University of California Davis; no toxic principle has been identified in this plant. It is considered safe for households with pets. |
| gold dust dracaena | Dracaena surculosa | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies Dracaena as toxic due to saponins found throughout the plant. Ingestion may cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Gold Haze Heather | Calluna vulgaris 'Gold Haze' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris cultivars including 'Gold Haze' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxic principles affecting dogs or cats. |
| Gold Heart Bleeding Heart | Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Gold Heart' | flowering | Toxic | All plant parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids (including bicuculline and corydaline) that are toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, trembling, ataxia, and in large doses respiratory distress. Contact with sap may cause skin irritation. ASPCA lists Dicentra/Lamprocapnos as toxic to both cats and dogs. |
| Gold Mound spirea | Spiraea japonica 'Gold Mound' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Spiraea spp. as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Incidental chewing may produce minor, transient gastrointestinal upset but no systemic toxicity is documented. |
| Gold Plate yarrow | Achillea filipendulina 'Gold Plate' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Achillea species contain sesquiterpene lactones and alkaloids (achilleine) that can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. ASPCA lists Achillea millefolium as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the same concern applies to A. filipendulina cultivars. Keep away from pets that graze. |
| Gold Rush Dawn Redwood | Metasequoia glyptostroboides 'Gold Rush' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Metasequoia glyptostroboides is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported in the genus; the foliage, bark, and cones are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Gold tooth aloe | Aloe nobilis | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of the saponin- and anthraquinone-containing leaves can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and reddish urine. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Golden Alexanders | Zizia aurea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zizia aurea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic plant; multiple horticultural sources referencing ASPCA data classify it as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Golden Angel's Trumpet | Brugmansia aurea | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. All parts of Brugmansia aurea contain tropane alkaloids (scopolamine, atropine, hyoscyamine) which are dangerously poisonous to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. ASPCA lists Brugmansia species as toxic. The plant has a history of ethnobotanical use as a hallucinogen but even small doses can be lethal; ingestion requires immediate veterinary or medical attention. |
| Golden Apple | Spondias cytherea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spondias cytherea is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Anacardiaceae, the genus shares family membership with some toxic plants, but Golden Apple fruit is widely and safely consumed by humans and wildlife with no documented toxicity to companion animals. The fibrous, spiny seed pit poses a mechanical choking and obstruction hazard and should be kept from pets. Fruit flesh is considered non-toxic. |
| Golden Ash | Fraxinus excelsior 'Jaspidea' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fraxinus excelsior 'Jaspidea' shares the same toxicity profile as the species. Not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. No documented toxic principle in the Fraxinus genus. |
| Lemon Ball Cactus | Parodia leninghausii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Parodia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic compound is documented for cacti. Despite the soft appearance, the bristly spines can still injure pets, so keep the plant out of reach. |
| Golden Bamboo | Phyllostachys aurea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys aurea is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. True bamboos (Phyllostachys, Bambusa, Fargesia etc.) are not to be confused with 'lucky bamboo' (Dracaena sanderiana), which is mildly toxic. Golden bamboo is safe for pets and its young shoots are edible by humans when cooked. |
| Golden barrel cactus | Echinocactus grusonii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | The golden barrel cactus (Echinocactus grusonii) is NOT individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no species in the genus Echinocactus appears on it; the ASPCA-listed non-toxic cacti (such as old man cactus, Cephalocereus senilis) belong to different genera, so its status is treated conservatively as mildly toxic pending confirmation with a vet. The far greater, well-documented danger is physical: the stiff, sharp spines can cause painful puncture wounds and mouth injuries to curious pets and people. |
| golden beet | Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 'Burpee's Golden' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Beets (Beta vulgaris) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, noting that large mature leaves contain oxalic acid. Offer roots and greens only in moderation; pets prone to oxalate bladder or kidney stones should avoid large quantities of beet. |
| Fried-Egg Orchid | Dendrobium chrysotoxum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: the genus Dendrobium is on the ASPCA non-toxic list via D. gracilicaule (Leopard Orchid), rated non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Chewing may still cause minor digestive upset, so site it away from pets. |
| Golden Chalice Vine | Solandra nitida | tropical | Toxic | Solandra nitida is in the Solanaceae family and contains toxic alkaloids in its foliage, stems, and flowers. Ingestion poses a serious risk to cats, dogs, and children. ASPCA does not list this species individually, but Solanaceae family toxicity is well established. |
| Golden Cinquefoil | Potentilla aurea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potentilla aurea is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. Potentilla (cinquefoil) species do not contain known toxic principles hazardous to pets, and the genus is generally considered non-toxic. As always, ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but no toxic hazard is associated with this species. |
| Golden Cliff Stonecrop | Prometheum chrysanthum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Prometheum (formerly Rosularia) is closely allied to Sedum (stonecrop) and Sempervivum, both listed as non-toxic by ASPCA. While Prometheum chrysanthum is not individually named in the ASPCA database, no toxic principle has been documented for the genus and it is widely regarded as safe in the same manner as closely related Sedum species. |
| golden club | Orontium aquaticum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Orontium aquaticum is a member of Araceae and contains calcium oxalate crystals throughout the plant, causing oral irritation, burning, and GI upset if ingested raw by pets or people. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family's calcium oxalate toxicity is well-established. Seeds were historically eaten after prolonged boiling. Keep away from pets and children; wear gloves when handling cut stems. |
| golden corkscrew plant | Genlisea aurea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family, which includes Utricularia and Pinguicula, has no documented toxic principle for cats, dogs, or horses. The trapping mechanism targets soil microorganisms and presents no hazard to pets. |
| Golden Creeping Jenny | Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lysimachia nummularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA on its toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The Primulaceae family (formerly Myrsinaceae) has no well-established systemic toxin for pets, but some sources note potential mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Treat with caution and consult a vet if significant ingestion by a pet occurs. |
| Golden Crocus | Crocus chrysanthus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spring-blooming Crocus species (including C. chrysanthus) are considered mildly toxic by the ASPCA and differ critically from the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), which is severely toxic. Spring crocus ingestion may cause mild vomiting, drooling, and diarrhea in cats and dogs. Not life-threatening in normal quantities, but veterinary contact is advised if a pet ingests any part. |
| Golden currant | Ribes aureum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes aureum is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The berries are edible to humans and highly palatable to birds and small mammals. No toxic principles have been reported for dogs or cats. |
| Golden Delicious apple | Malus domestica 'Golden Delicious' | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Malus (apple/crabapple) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses — the seeds, stems, and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin). Ripe fruit flesh is non-toxic to humans. Prevent pets from chewing on plant material or consuming seeds. |
| Golden Deodar Cedar | Cedrus deodara 'Aurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cedrus deodara is not specifically listed by ASPCA as toxic. Like other cedars, the resin, bark, and needles contain aromatic compounds (himachalol, cedrol) that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by dogs or cats. Not considered severely toxic, but ingestion of large quantities should be avoided. Consult a veterinarian if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Golden Dragon | Philodendron 'Golden Dragon' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves or stems causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and throat. |
| Golden everlasting | Xerochrysum bracteatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. Ingestion of large quantities may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| golden fescue | Festuca glauca 'Golden Toupee' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca glauca and its cultivars are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. 'Golden Toupee' shares this non-toxic status. Ingestion of sharp grass blades in large quantity may cause mild stomach upset but poses no toxicity risk. |
| Golden Globe Arborvitae | Thuja occidentalis 'Golden Globe' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja occidentalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and its essential oil contain thujone, which in sufficient quantity can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and potentially neurological signs in dogs and cats. Prevent ingestion and monitor pets that chew it. |
| Golden Glow bougainvillea | Bougainvillea 'Golden Glow' | tropical | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Bougainvillea as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Sap may cause contact dermatitis; ingestion can produce mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset. Thorns pose additional physical injury risk. Symptoms are generally mild; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests significant plant material. |
| Golden hakone grass | Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Hakonechloa macra is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Because it has not been explicitly confirmed as non-toxic, a mildly-toxic classification is used as a precaution. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Golden ice plant | Lampranthus aureus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Lampranthus (ice plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principle has been identified for this genus. |
| golden japanese sweet flag | Acorus gramineus 'Ogon' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Acorus gramineus is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Although some growers describe it as low-risk and it lacks the high β-asarone load of A. calamus, it shares the same genus as that toxic species, so it should be treated as uncertain and kept out of reach. Chewing may cause oral irritation or mild GI upset; verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Golden Japanese Sweet Flag | Acorus gramineus 'Ogon' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acorus gramineus is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. True sweet flags (Acorus) are in the family Acoraceae, distinct from the toxic Araceae. The aromatic rhizomes are used in traditional medicine but pose no known toxicity risk to companion animals at ornamental exposure levels. |
| Golden Jubilee Anise Hyssop | Agastache foeniculum 'Golden Jubilee' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache foeniculum is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The 'Golden Jubilee' cultivar shares the same non-toxic profile. The leaves are used as a culinary herb, and essential oils in large quantities may cause mild GI upset. |
| golden kiwi | Actinidia chinensis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Actinidia chinensis is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and the ripe fruit is edible. As with other Actinidia, the foliage may attract cats and prompt chewing or rubbing; this is behavioural rather than toxic, but discourage chewing of young growth. |
| Copper King Lady Finger | Mammillaria elongata 'Copper King' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Variegated Lemon Balm | Melissa officinalis 'Aurea' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list; this gold cultivar is the same species. Excessive nibbling may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Golden Lemon Balm | Melissa officinalis 'Aurea' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The 'Aurea' cultivar shares the same phytochemical profile as the species and is generally considered safe for household pets. |
| Golden Lemon Thyme | Thymus citriodorus 'Aureus' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus citriodorus and its cultivars are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The genus contains no known toxic principles. |
| Dwarf Coconut Palm | Cocos nucifera 'Malayan Dwarf' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a cultivar of Cocos nucifera, it is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic and is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Per ASPCA guidance, coconut flesh, milk and oil can cause loose stools or stomach upset in large amounts, and a whole nut is a choking/obstruction hazard; the plant itself is not poisonous. |
| Golden Male Fern | Dryopteris affinis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris affinis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As with many ferns, ingestion of fronds or roots may cause mild gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Bamburanta | Ctenanthe lubbersiana 'Golden Mosaic' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Golden Mosaic Ctenanthe (Ctenanthe lubbersiana) is a prayer plant (family Marantaceae). It is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, and the ASPCA 'Prayer Plant' entry is filed under the related Calathea/Goeppertia (a different genus), so true Ctenanthe is not ASPCA-confirmed. It has no known toxic compounds and is generally kept safely around pets, but treat it as mildly toxic and check with your vet to be sure. |
| golden mosaic plant | Ctenanthe pilosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ctenanthe pilosa is a member of Marantaceae, a family with no established toxic principles to pets. The genus is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. Considered safe in pet-friendly homes, though ingestion of plant material may occasionally cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Golden Oregano | Origanum vulgare 'Aureum' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oregano in the Origanum genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs as a growing culinary herb. Large amounts eaten may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; keep concentrated oregano oil away from pets. |
| Golden Oregano | Origanum vulgare 'Aureum' | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Origanum vulgare hirtum (oregano) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with gastrointestinal irritants as the toxic principle causing vomiting and diarrhoea. Concentrated essential oils are significantly more harmful than incidental leaf contact. 'Aureum' is the same species and carries the same risk profile. |
| Golden Polypody | Polypodium aureum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium aureum (also known as Phlebodium aureum) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The species contains no known toxic principles. |
| Blue star fern | Phlebodium aureum 'Davana' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phlebodium is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but it is a true epiphytic fern of a genus the ASPCA records no toxic principle for, and the true ferns the ASPCA does list are classed non-toxic. Widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; nibbling may still cause minor GI upset. If in any doubt, verify with a vet. |
| devil's ivy golden | Epipremnum aureum 'Golden' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Epipremnum aureum as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling, and rarely vomiting. |
| Marks' Pincushion | Mammillaria marksiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mammillaria is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and cacti (Cactaceae) are not known to be systemically poisonous to cats or dogs. Not individually named by the ASPCA, so this is a family-level safe rating: there is no toxic principle, but the spines are a real mechanical hazard and can cause mouth, paw, or eye injury if chewed or batted. |
| golden sage | Salvia officinalis 'Icterina' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (sage, Salvia officinalis). The growing herb is safe around pets; only concentrated sage essential oil, not the plant, is a concern, so it poses no poisoning risk. |
| Golden sea lavender | Limonium aureum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (Limonium sp.) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. As with all plant material, large ingestions may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Golden Sedum | Sedum adolphii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum adolphii (Golden Sedum) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Golden Spreader Nordmann Fir | Abies nordmanniana 'Golden Spreader' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Abies nordmanniana is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Fir resin and sharp needles can cause minor gastrointestinal or physical irritation if ingested by cats or dogs. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Golden St. John's Wort | Hypericum frondosum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like other Hypericum species, H. frondosum contains hypericin, which can cause photosensitisation and mild GI upset in pets if consumed. ASPCA does not individually list this species, but the Hypericum genus is not considered safe for pets and livestock. Contact a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| White Torch Cactus | Echinopsis spachiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Easter Lily Cactus (Echinopsis multiplex) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses with no toxic principles, covering this Echinopsis genus. The practical hazard is the spines, which can injure pets, so position this tall cactus where animals cannot brush against it. |
| Golden Tree Fern | Dicksonia fibrosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dicksonia fibrosa is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic. Dicksoniaceae tree ferns have no documented toxic compounds affecting dogs or cats. True ferns in this family are generally regarded as safe. |
| Golden trumpet | Allamanda cathartica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Allamanda cathartica is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and no Allamanda species appears on the ASPCA list at all, so a pet-safe rating cannot be supported. University Extension (NC State) and poison-information centres class all parts as poisonous (low to moderate severity): the plant contains the iridoid lactone allamandin and irritant terpenoids/iridoids with a purgative effect, and ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy in dogs and cats. The milky sap also causes skin and eye irritation (dermatitis). Keep it away from pets and children and verify with your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Iris-Like Cymbidium | Cymbidium iridioides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Cymbidium is an orchid genus in the Orchidaceae family, the family the ASPCA clears for Phalaenopsis and other orchids, with no toxic principle. As with any plant, chewing leaves or the gritty mix may cause mild, transient stomach upset, so position it away from pets. |
| golden-flowered ginger | Zingiber chrysanthum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Zingiber officinale (culinary ginger) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, but individual species within the genus lack specific ASPCA assessments. The genus is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution; ingestion in quantity may cause gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes the plant. |
| Golden-flowered Rosularia | Rosularia chrysantha | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia chrysantha is a member of Crassulaceae. Rosularia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no identified toxic principle. The closely related Sempervivum is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic. No toxicity to cats or dogs has been documented for Rosularia. |
| Golden-Hair Bamboo | Pleioblastus auricomus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleioblastus species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this genus. Bamboo is widely considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Golden-leaved Jerusalem sage | Phlomis chrysophylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis chrysophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. In the absence of confirmed safety data, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| golden-net plant | Stenandrium lindenii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stenandrium lindenii is in the Acanthaceae family. Stenandrium is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Acanthaceae family has no recognized toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. Exercise normal caution and consult a vet if large amounts are ingested. |
| Golden-rayed Lily | Lilium auratum | flowering | Toxic | Severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed, genus Lilium). All parts of Lilium auratum — including pollen dust that settles on fur — can cause acute renal failure in cats. Fatalities occur within 48–72 hours without treatment. Keep strictly away from cats. Also mildly harmful to dogs. |
| Goldencup St. John's Wort | Hypericum patulum | flowering | Mildly toxic | H. patulum contains hypericin and related naphthodianthrones. While not rated as highly toxic, the Hypericum genus is considered mildly toxic to pets (dogs, cats) and livestock, potentially causing photosensitisation and GI upset. ASPCA does not specifically list this species as non-toxic; exercise caution and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Goldenrod | Solidago virgaurea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Solidago virgaurea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Common Solidago species are widely regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats, but the genus is not formally confirmed as pet-safe on the ASPCA database. Note that Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma species, not Solidago) contains trematol and is toxic to horses — this is a separate genus. Apply mildly-toxic classification pending formal ASPCA listing. |
| Goldfinger banana | Musa acuminata 'FHIA-01' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Musa, Musaceae). Fruit and foliage are not poisonous; eating large amounts of plant material may cause only mild digestive upset. |
| Goldfish plant | Nematanthus gregarius | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (entered under the synonym Hypocyrta nummularia, common name Candy Corn Plant) as non-toxic to both dogs and cats, so Nematanthus gregarius is considered pet-safe. NC State Extension likewise records it as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. As with any plant, a curious pet eating a large amount of foliage may get mild, temporary stomach upset. Note that other unrelated plants also sold as "goldfish plant" (e.g. Columnea, Aeschynanthus) are not the same species, so confirm the botanical name. |
| Goldfussia | Strobilanthes anisophyllus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Strobilanthes anisophyllus is not individually listed by ASPCA. Multiple horticulture sources describe it as generally non-toxic to pets and humans; the Acanthaceae family has no well-documented severely toxic compounds. However, ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat with routine caution around pets. |
| East Kent Goldings hops | Humulus lupulus 'East Kent Goldings' | edible | Toxic | Hops (Humulus lupulus) are toxic, particularly to dogs. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center reports that ingestion of hop cones, plant material or spent brewing hops can induce malignant hyperthermia — a dangerous, uncontrolled spike in body temperature. Look for panting, agitation, vomiting, rapid heart rate, tremors and seizures, and seek emergency veterinary care without delay. |
| Goldmoss Stonecrop | Sedum acre | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sedum acre (Wall Pepper) contains alkaloids (sedamine and related compounds) that cause a peppery burning sensation on mucous membranes when chewed, and can cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. ASPCA does not individually list Sedum acre separately from the Sedum genus (which is listed as non-toxic), but historical botanical sources document mild toxicity from the acrid alkaloids in this specific species. Keep away from pets and children who may chew on plants; contact with sap can occasionally cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| gold dew tufted hair grass | Deschampsia cespitosa 'Goldtau' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Deschampsia cespitosa and its cultivars are not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingesting large amounts of grass foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or vomiting in cats and dogs. |
| Trumpet Jade | Crassula ovata 'Gollum' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (jade plant, Crassula ovata). Toxic principle is unknown; reported signs include vomiting, depression/lethargy and incoordination. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| QIS Pink Globe Amaranth | Gomphrena globosa 'QIS Pink' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Globe Amaranth (Gomphrena globosa) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is a safe choice for pet households; as with any plant, eating a large amount could cause mild, short-lived digestive upset, but it poses no poisoning risk. |
| Strawberry Fields Globe Amaranth | Gomphrena haageana 'Strawberry Fields' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gomphrena haageana is not individually listed by the ASPCA; while the closely related Globe Amaranth (Gomphrena globosa) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, this species is not separately classified, so treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. No toxic principle is documented and any reaction would most likely be mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Boivin's gonatopus | Gonatopus boivinii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Gonatopus is a member of the Araceae (aroid) family whose tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the irritant principle the ASPCA flags throughout aroids. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling and vomiting. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if chewing occurs. |
| Helmet Gongora | Gongora galeata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Gongora is not individually listed by the ASPCA; while ASPCA-tested orchids like Phalaenopsis are non-toxic, this genus has not been specifically evaluated, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Chewing the plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in pets. |
| Five-nerved Gongora | Gongora quinquenervis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Gongora is not individually listed by the ASPCA; ASPCA-tested orchids such as Phalaenopsis are non-toxic, but this genus has not been specifically evaluated, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Good King Henry | Blitum bonus-henricus | herb | Mildly toxic | Blitum bonus-henricus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its leaves are high in oxalic acid (with saponins in the seed), compounds that can cause oral irritation, drooling, and gastrointestinal upset in pets if eaten in quantity. Treat with caution, keep raw foliage away from pets, and verify with a vet. |
| Gooseberry | Ribes uva-crispa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes uva-crispa is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. The berries are widely consumed by humans and garden wildlife. The spines are a physical hazard but present no toxic risk. |
| Hinnonmäki Red gooseberry | Ribes uva-crispa 'Hinnonmäki Red' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ribes uva-crispa is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe berries are human-edible, but pet safety is not established by ASPCA and the thorns can cause mouth or paw injury, so discourage pets from chewing the plant. |
| Gooseneck Loosestrife | Lysimachia clethroides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lysimachia clethroides is not individually listed by ASPCA. Primulaceae family members may contain saponins that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. Not considered severely toxic, but ingestion of large amounts warrants veterinary attention. Keep away from pets with a habit of chewing plants. |
| goumi | Elaeagnus multiflora | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the ASPCA lists Eleagnus spp. (family Elaeagnaceae) as non-toxic, and goumi is an Elaeagnus species. The berries are edible for people; as with any plant, eating a lot may cause mild transient digestive upset. |
| Gourd-leaf begonia | Begonia peponifolia | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates. The underground rhizome and roots contain the highest concentrations of the toxic principle. Ingestion in cats and dogs causes oral burning, excessive salivation, and vomiting; in grazing animals it can lead to kidney failure. Keep the plant away from pets. |
| Gout Plant | Jatropha podagrica | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Jatropha podagrica are toxic to pets and humans. The seeds contain curcin, a toxalbumin with mechanisms similar to ricin, and purgative diterpenoid esters. Ingestion causes severe gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain), and seed ingestion can cause hepatic damage. The milky latex sap causes skin and mucous membrane irritation. The Queensland Poisons Information Centre classifies all parts as highly toxic. Keep strictly away from dogs, cats, and children. |
| Gowen Cypress | Cupressus goveniana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus goveniana is not listed individually by ASPCA. As with other cypress species, the foliage, resin, and bark contain terpene compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by dogs or cats. Not considered severely toxic. Seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Graceful Cattail | Typha laxmannii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Typha genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented in Typha laxmannii for dogs or cats. Young shoots are edible for humans. Consider normal caution against large ingestion of any plant material. |
| Graceful Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum raddianum 'Gracillimum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum raddianum and its cultivars are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. 'Gracillimum' is safe to grow in pet-friendly households. |
| maiden grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and confirm with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. The practical risk from ornamental grasses is mechanical: barbed seed awns and sharp leaf blades can injure a pet's mouth, eyes, or ears. |
| Graham Thomas | Rosa 'Graham Thomas' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Rosa). The plant contains no toxic principle; only the thorns pose a mechanical hazard. |
| Grand Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus grandis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. |
| Grand Fir | Abies grandis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies grandis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and is not known to be toxic to dogs or cats. The aromatic oils in the needles may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if large quantities are ingested, but no systemic toxic compounds have been identified in this species. |
| Grandidier's Baobab | Adansonia grandidieri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adansonia grandidieri is in family Malvaceae and is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. No cardiac glycosides, calcium oxalate, or other recognised pet toxins are documented in the genus. The fruit pulp is traditionally consumed and no companion-animal toxicity cases are on record. |
| Grandidier's Uncarina | Uncarina grandidieri | tropical | Mildly toxic | Uncarina (family Pedaliaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family is closely allied to Sesamum; seeds have hooked spines that can mechanically injure pets' mouths or skin. No documented severe systemic toxicity, but treat with caution around pets and children. |
| Granny Smith apple | Malus domestica 'Granny Smith' | edible | Mildly toxic | As with all Malus, the seeds and plant material (stems, leaves) contain amygdalin and are considered toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidelines. Ripe fruit flesh is safe for human consumption. Keep pets from ingesting any part other than the flesh. |
| Frontenac grape | Vitis 'Frontenac' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis spp.) are toxic to dogs — the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center first linked grape and raisin ingestion to acute kidney failure, with tartaric acid the suspected nephrotoxin. Toxicity can occur with relatively small amounts; signs include vomiting, lethargy, and renal failure. Keep fruit, windfalls, and prunings away from dogs and seek veterinary care immediately if ingested. |
| Himrod seedless grape | Vitis vinifera × labrusca 'Himrod' | edible | Toxic | Toxic per ASPCA/APCC: grapes, raisins and currants (Vitis spp.) cause acute kidney injury in dogs, with tartaric acid implicated as the nephrotoxin; ingestion is anecdotally linked to renal failure in cats. Signs include vomiting, lethargy, anorexia and rising creatinine within 24-48 hours. Keep dropped fruit out of reach and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) on ingestion. |
| Marquette grape | Vitis 'Marquette' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis spp.) are toxic to dogs — the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center identified grape and raisin ingestion as a cause of acute kidney failure, with tartaric acid the suspected nephrotoxin. Even small amounts of fruit can be dangerous. Signs include vomiting, lethargy, and progression to renal failure; keep windfalls and prunings from dogs and contact a vet at once if eaten. |
| Niagara grape | Vitis labrusca 'Niagara' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis spp.), and especially the fruit, are toxic to dogs — the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center first identified grape and raisin ingestion as a cause of acute kidney failure in dogs (tartaric acid is the suspected nephrotoxin). Signs include vomiting, lethargy, and anorexia progressing to renal failure. Keep windfall fruit and prunings away from dogs and seek veterinary care immediately after any ingestion. |
| Reliance seedless grape | Vitis labrusca 'Reliance' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis spp.) are toxic to dogs — the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center identified grape and raisin ingestion as a cause of acute kidney failure, with tartaric acid the suspected nephrotoxin. Even small amounts can be dangerous, and seedless table grapes are no exception. Signs include vomiting, lethargy, and renal failure; keep fruit and windfalls from dogs and seek veterinary care immediately if eaten. |
| grape ivy | Cissus rhombifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Grape Ivy (Cissus rhombifolia, family Vitaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, so it is a genuinely pet-safe houseplant. Do not confuse it with English ivy (Hedera helix) or "devil's ivy"/pothos (Epipremnum aureum), which are unrelated and toxic to pets. |
| Grape-leaved passionflower | Passiflora vitifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Passiflora vitifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Passiflora contains cyanogenic glycosides in foliage that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and children if ingested in quantity. Ripe fruit is edible for humans. Exercise caution and keep out of reach of pets. |
| Grape-scented sage | Salvia melissodora | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia as a genus is listed on the ASPCA Non-Toxic Plant List for both cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for S. melissodora. |
| Grape-vine begonia | Begonia vitifolia | houseplant | Toxic | As a Begonia species, Begonia vitifolia is toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates concentrated in the roots and tubers. Ingestion causes immediate oral pain and irritation, excessive drooling, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Grapefruit | Citrus paradisi | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Citrus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Limonene, linalool, and psoralens are concentrated in the leaves, peel, and essential oil. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and photosensitivity. The flesh at low doses is unlikely to cause serious harm but should be avoided. |
| Grapefruit Mint | Mentha x piperita f. citrata 'Grapefruit' | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Mint (Mentha sp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principle is essential oils, causing vomiting and diarrhoea with large ingestions. Casual nibbling is usually mild, but prevent pets eating quantities and never offer mint essential oil. |
| Grapeleaf Abutilon | Abutilon vitifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abutilon vitifolium is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles are documented for this species. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastric upset in pets. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Lavender pebbles | Graptopetalum amethystinum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this succulent group as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Graptopetalum carries no toxic principle. Eating any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Chihuahuan flower | Graptopetalum bellum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this succulent group as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Graptopetalum carries no toxic principle. Eating any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| MacDougall's graptopetalum | Graptopetalum macdougallii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this succulent group as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Graptopetalum carries no toxic principle. Eating any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Five-stamened graptopetalum | Graptopetalum pentandrum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Graptopetalum pentandrum is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the genus is clean: the ASPCA lists the ghost plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense, filed under its synonym Sedum weinbergii) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no Graptopetalum species is flagged as toxic. As a precaution for an unlisted species, keep it out of reach and check with your vet if your pet nibbles it. |
| Rusby's graptopetalum | Graptopetalum rusbyi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Graptopetalum is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but it belongs to the Crassulaceae alongside Echeveria, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic, and the genus is consistently reported as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Treated as pet-safe; as with any plant, ingested fleaves may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Caricature plant | Graptophyllum pictum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Graptophyllum pictum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and there is no established ASPCA genus ruling for Graptophyllum. Although the plant is traditionally used medicinally in parts of Asia, that does not constitute a safe pet listing; treat it as uncertain and assume ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Verify with a vet before considering it pet-safe. |
| California Sunset | × Graptosedum 'California Sunset' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This intergeneric hybrid is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but both parent genera are: Graptopetalum (as "Ghost Plant", Graptopetalum paraguayense / ASPCA synonym Sedum weinbergii) and Sedum (e.g. Sedum album, "Hardy Baby Tears") are both classified Non-Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. It is therefore considered pet-safe; confirm with your vet if a pet ingests a large amount, as any plant can cause mild GI upset. |
| Francesco Baldi graptosedum | Graptosedum 'Francesco Baldi' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Graptosedum is a Graptopetalum × Sedum hybrid; both parent genera are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Ghost Plant, Graptopetalum paraguayense, as non-toxic, and Sedum is widely treated as non-toxic). The cultivar is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its lineage is pet-safe; ingestion may at most cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Vera Higgins graptosedum | Graptosedum 'Vera Higgins' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Graptosedum is a Graptopetalum × Sedum hybrid; both parent genera are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Ghost Plant, Graptopetalum paraguayense, as non-toxic, and Sedum is widely regarded as non-toxic). The cultivar itself is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its lineage is pet-safe; ingestion may at most cause mild stomach upset. |
| Acaulis graptoveria | Graptoveria 'Acaulis' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Graptoveria is a Graptopetalum x Echeveria cross; neither it nor Graptopetalum is individually named by the ASPCA, but Echeveria is ASPCA-aligned non-toxic and the whole group is consistently reported safe for cats and dogs. Treated as pet-safe, with the usual caveat that any plant can cause mild stomach upset if eaten. |
| Bashful graptoveria | Graptoveria 'Bashful' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Graptoveria (a Graptopetalum x Echeveria cross) is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. One parent, Echeveria, is ASPCA-listed non-toxic, and the hybrid is generally regarded as pet-safe, but without a direct ASPCA listing we do not assert safe. Chewing the fleshy leaves may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Debbie graptoveria | Graptoveria 'Debbie' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Graptoveria (a Graptopetalum x Echeveria cross) is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its Echeveria parent is ASPCA-listed non-toxic and the hybrid is widely treated as pet-safe, but absent a direct ASPCA listing we do not assert safe. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fred Ives | × Graptoveria 'Fred Ives' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | 'Fred Ives' is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but both parent genera are clean: ASPCA lists Echeveria (Blue Echeveria) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the Graptopetalum parent (ghost plant) is documented as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses by North Carolina State Extension. It is considered pet-safe; as with any plant, discourage chewing and verify with your vet for a specific pet. |
| Fred Ives | xGraptoveria 'Fred Ives' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Both parent genera, Graptopetalum and Echeveria, are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this intergeneric hybrid is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild mechanical stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Opalina graptoveria | Graptoveria 'Opalina' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Graptoveria (a Graptopetalum x Echeveria cross) is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its Echeveria parent is ASPCA-listed non-toxic and the hybrid is generally considered pet-safe, but without a direct ASPCA listing we do not assert safe. Chewing the fleshy leaves may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Silver Star graptoveria | Graptoveria 'Silver Star' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Graptoveria (a Graptopetalum x Echeveria cross) is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its Echeveria parent is ASPCA-listed non-toxic and the hybrid is widely treated as pet-safe, but absent a direct ASPCA listing we do not assert safe. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| White ghost graptoveria | Graptoveria 'Titubans' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its parent genus Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic (e.g. 'Blue Echeveria'), and the other parent, Graptopetalum, belongs to the same non-toxic Crassulaceae group; the genus is not individually named by ASPCA, but no toxic principle is associated with it. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| grass-leaved bladderwort | Utricularia graminifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Utricularia graminifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats or dogs. No toxic compounds are documented for the Utricularia genus. The microscopic bladder traps capture only tiny aquatic invertebrates. Safe for aquariums housing fish, shrimp, and other aquatic animals, and poses no poisoning risk to cats or dogs. |
| Grass-leaved edraianthus | Edraianthus graminifolius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Edraianthus graminifolius is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no confirmed reports of toxicity to cats or dogs exist. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Do not allow pets to graze on the plant, and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Grass-Leaved Ginger | Zingiber gramineum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Zingiber gramineum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The closely related Zingiber zerumbet (shampoo ginger) is listed as non-toxic, and ginger root is widely considered low-risk, but in the absence of a direct ASPCA listing for this species, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Large ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Grass-leaved Zamia | Zamia spartea | tropical | Toxic | Like all Zamia species, Zamia spartea contains cycasin and related azoxy compounds throughout all tissues. Ingestion causes acute liver failure and neurological damage in dogs, cats, and is hazardous to humans. ASPCA classifies the Zamia genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats. Seeds are the most concentrated source of toxin. |
| Grasshopper Lycaste | Lycaste locusta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae (orchid family) members are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been reported for Lycaste locusta. |
| Grassy Arrowhead | Sagittaria graminea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sagittaria species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Alismataceae and has no known toxic principle reported for dogs or cats. The tubers are traditionally eaten by humans. Exercise routine caution with any water plant around pets near open water. |
| Gray Birch | Betula populifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula populifolia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database. Birch species are not known to be toxic to dogs or cats. The bark and leaves pose no known toxicity risk to companion animals. |
| gray goldenrod | Solidago nemoralis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Goldenrod (Solidago) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic 'rayless goldenrod' is a different genus (Isocoma) dangerous to horses and livestock, not this true Solidago. As with any plant, ingesting large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting GI upset. |
| Gray's sedge | Carex grayi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex grayi is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for this genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large amounts of plant material are consumed. |
| Grayleaf Cranesbill | Geranium cinereum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance, unlike Pelargonium (commonly called 'geranium'), which is mildly toxic. |
| Grayswood pink rock rose | Cistus × lenis 'Grayswood Pink' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus × lenis 'Grayswood Pink' is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no toxic principles have been identified for this Cistus hybrid in veterinary literature. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Great Expectations hosta | Hosta 'Great Expectations' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins, with ingestion causing vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep pets away from the foliage and discard trimmings safely. |
| Great Masterwort | Astrantia major | flowering | Mildly toxic | Astrantia major is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs. Because its safety status is unconfirmed, it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Great Mullein | Verbascum thapsus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Verbascum thapsus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. However, the dense, stiff hairs on leaves and stems can cause contact irritation or mechanical irritation of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract in cats and dogs if ingested in quantity, so 'mildly-toxic' is the prudent classification. |
| Great Pond Sedge | Carex riparia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex (true sedges) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Sedges are grasses and contain no known toxic principles; they are generally regarded as safe around pets and livestock. |
| Great Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum commutatum | flowering | Toxic | All plant parts, especially the blue-black berries produced in autumn, contain saponins, anthraquinone glycosides, and cardiotoxic heterosides. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain; berries are the highest-risk part. Polygonatum commutatum is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Polygonatum genus is documented as toxic to humans and pets in veterinary and horticultural literature. Keep berries well away from children and pets. |
| Great White Trillium | Trillium grandiflorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium grandiflorum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. All parts of the plant — particularly the berries and roots — are understood to contain steroidal saponins that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by pets or humans. Not considered life-threatening, but ingestion by pets should be monitored and a vet consulted if symptoms develop. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) for guidance. |
| Great yellow gentian | Gentiana lutea | herb | Mildly toxic | Gentiana lutea is not listed as toxic on the ASPCA database, but the roots contain high concentrations of bitter secoiridoid glycosides (gentiopicroside, amarogentin, sweroside) that are pharmacologically active and have caused gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting) in humans at high doses. If cats or dogs chew the roots or leaves, mild vomiting and diarrhoea are possible. A mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution; the European Food Safety Authority has assessed gentian root tincture as safe for use in animal feed at controlled doses, but free access to roots by pets should be prevented. |
| Greater Celandine | Chelidonium majus | herb | Toxic | Chelidonium majus contains isoquinoline alkaloids (chelidonine, berberine, coptisine, sanguinarine) throughout all plant parts, particularly concentrated in the orange latex sap. These alkaloids are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans if ingested, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, sedation, and — in larger doses — central nervous system depression and liver damage. The sap is also a potent skin irritant causing contact dermatitis. Wear gloves when handling. Chelidonium majus is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Keep away from all pets and children. |
| Greater Coreopsis | Coreopsis major | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known for Coreopsis major. |
| Greater Duckweed | Spirodela polyrhiza | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spirodela polyrhiza is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Lemnaceae duckweeds have no documented toxic principles; Spirodela is widely eaten by ducks, geese, koi, tilapia, and other animals without adverse effects. |
| Greater fringed gentian | Gentianopsis crinita | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gentianopsis crinita is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses. The Gentianaceae family contains no known serious toxic principles in relation to domestic pets. |
| Greater Galangal | Alpinia galanga | herb | Mildly toxic | Alpinia galanga is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Zingiberaceae family is not a recognised toxic genus group, and galangal rhizomes are widely consumed by humans as a culinary spice. However, ingestion of raw plant material by cats or dogs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, or diarrhoea). Classified here as mildly toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| greater knapweed | Centaurea scabiosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Centaurea scabiosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is consistently non-toxic to companion animals: the ASPCA lists cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens) as Non-Toxic to dogs and cats. Treated as pet-safe on that genus grounding; certain Centaurea (e.g. C. solstitialis) pose a risk to horses, not dogs or cats. |
| Greater Periwinkle | Vinca major | flowering | Toxic | Vinca major contains vinca alkaloids and is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, low blood pressure, tremors, and seizures. All parts of the plant are considered toxic. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Greater Plantain | Plantago major | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Plantago major is not listed as toxic by ASPCA and is generally considered safe for cats, dogs, and horses. It has historically been used as a topical remedy for minor wounds in both people and animals. No known toxic principles have been reported. |
| Greater Pyramidal Saxifrage | Saxifraga cotyledon | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga species contain no known toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. Saxifraga cotyledon is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but belongs to a genus confirmed non-toxic (S. stolonifera listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs). No toxic compounds have been reported in this species. |
| greater quaking grass | Briza maxima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. True grasses contain no known systemic toxin, but the dry, barbed seed awns can lodge in a pet's mouth, ears, eyes or paws and cause mechanical injury. |
| Greater sea kale | Crambe cordifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | No known hazards or toxic principles are documented for Crambe cordifolia; the plant is in the edible Brassicaceae family and young leaves are consumed by humans. However, Crambe is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so an explicit pet-safe classification cannot be confirmed. Err on the side of caution and prevent pets from ingesting large quantities. |
| Greater Sea Spurrey | Spergularia media | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spergularia media is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Caryophyllaceae family contains low-toxicity members and no specific toxic principle has been identified for this species; however, without official non-toxic status, mildly-toxic is the precautionary classification. |
| Greater Spearwort | Ranunculus lingua | flowering | Toxic | All Ranunculus species contain ranunculin, which converts to protoanemonin — a potent irritant causing oral blistering, drooling, and gastrointestinal distress in pets and humans if ingested. ASPCA lists Ranunculus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Handling may cause contact dermatitis; wear gloves when planting. Toxic effects are more severe when plants are fresh. |
| Greater Stitchwort | Stellaria holostea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Stellaria holostea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While Stellaria species are generally considered low-risk, specific confirmed safety data for cats and dogs is absent; classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Greater woodrush | Luzula sylvatica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Luzula species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs. The plant contains no known toxic principles and is widely considered safe in wildlife-rich garden settings. |
| Grecian windflower | Anemone blanda | flowering | Toxic | Anemone blanda, like all members of the Ranunculaceae family, contains protoanemonin, an irritant lactone that is toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anemone as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms include oral irritation, excessive salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle tremors, and rarely haematuria and seizures. All parts of the fresh plant are toxic; handle with gloves as sap can irritate human skin. |
| Spicy Globe Basil | Ocimum basilicum var. minimum 'Greek' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (basil, Ocimum basilicum). Greek bush basil is a small-leaved variety of the same species with no toxic principle, so it is pet-safe; large amounts may cause only mild GI upset. |
| Greek cyclamen | Cyclamen graecum | flowering | Toxic | Cyclamen graecum contains terpenoid saponins (including cyclamin) throughout all plant parts, with the highest concentrations in the tuber. The ASPCA classifies the Cyclamen genus as toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, and diarrhoea, and large quantities of tuber can cause cardiac arrhythmia and potentially death. |
| Greek Fir | Abies cephalonica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies cephalonica is a true fir and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic compounds affect dogs or cats. Large ingestion of needles may cause mild mechanical irritation, but the species is not considered poisonous. |
| Greek jancaea | Jancaea heldreichii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Jancaea heldreichii is a Gesneriaceae member. No toxic principles are known for this genus. The ASPCA lists many Gesneriaceae genera as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Jancaea is not individually listed by ASPCA but given its family membership and absence of known toxins, it is considered pet-safe. Always supervise pets around plants. |
| Greek mountain tea | Sideritis syriaca | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. No specific toxicity to cats, dogs or horses is reported and it is a long-consumed human herbal tea, but without an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing it cannot be asserted pet-safe; its high essential-oil content may cause mild stomach upset if grazed in quantity. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| True Oregano | Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oregano in the Origanum genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, and culinary herbs of this type are pet-safe as growing plants. Large quantities can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and concentrated oregano oil should be kept from pets. |
| Greek sage | Salvia fruticosa | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses: sage (genus Salvia) appears in the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Greek sage shares this status as a culinary Salvia, so the growing plant is considered safe if nibbled. Note the caveat that this applies to the plant, not to concentrated sage essential oil, which contains thujone and camphor and can be harmful, especially to cats. |
| Greek tree sage | Salvia tomentosa | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually assessed by ASPCA. Salvia tomentosa contains potent volatile oils including monoterpene ketones comparable to those in S. officinalis (which ASPCA lists as toxic). Ingestion may cause salivation, vomiting, lethargy, or incoordination in cats and dogs. Seek veterinary advice promptly if ingestion is suspected. |
| Greek yarrow | Achillea taygetea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Achillea taygetea shares the genus toxicity profile — sesquiterpene lactones and achilleine can cause contact dermatitis and mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets and people. ASPCA lists Achillea millefolium as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; apply the same precaution to this species. The aromatic foliage is typically unpalatable to livestock. |
| arrow arum | Peltandra virginica | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Peltandra virginica contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides — the same needle-like crystals found in Philodendron and Dieffenbachia. Ingestion by pets or humans causes immediate burning pain, oral swelling, hypersalivation, and GI distress. Cooking or prolonged drying destroys the crystals. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Green Ash | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fraxinus pennsylvanica is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The genus has no documented toxic principle affecting pets; bark and leaves are not known to cause poisoning. Samaras may cause mild GI upset if consumed in very large quantities. |
| Green Cardamom | Elettaria cardamomum | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. The essential oils (principally 1,8-cineole/eucalyptol and terpinyl acetate) in leaves, seeds, and pods may irritate the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, or lethargy if consumed in significant quantities. The concentrated essential oil is more hazardous than the plant itself. Contact a vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Green Comet Milkweed | Asclepias viridiflora | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias spp.) as toxic to dogs and cats. Toxic compounds throughout the plant include cardenolide cardiac glycosides and galitoxin. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, depression, anorexia, diarrhea, weakness, and in larger doses tremors, seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, and respiratory distress. |
| Green cotton lavender | Santolina rosmarinifolia | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats or dogs. The volatile oils (including camphor and artemisia ketone) present in all Santolina species can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals or pets; treat with caution and keep out of reach of animals that habitually chew plants. |
| Green Dragon | Arisaema dracontium | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Arisaema dracontium contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Ingestion causes immediate and intense oral burning, swelling, excessive salivation, and difficulty swallowing in dogs, cats, and people. Skin contact with sap can cause dermatitis. This genus is listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Green Gem Boxwood | Buxus 'Green Gem' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Buxus (boxwood) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are steroidal alkaloids such as buxine; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea and, with larger amounts, ataxia and seizures. The bitter foliage usually deters animals, but keep prunings away from pets and discourage chewing. |
| Green Glaucous Bamboo | Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens is a true bamboo (Poaceae) with no known toxic principle to cats, dogs, or horses. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the grass family to which it belongs is not associated with toxicity. |
| Green lavender | Lavandula viridis | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate. Clinical signs include nausea, vomiting (not in horses), and loss of appetite. |
| Green Milkweed | Asclepias viridis | flowering | Toxic | As an Asclepias species, Green Milkweed contains cardenolide cardiac glycosides and milky latex resinoids, consistent with the ASPCA's classification of Asclepias (milkweeds) as toxic to dogs and cats. All plant parts should be considered toxic. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, drooling, weakness, and cardiac effects. Seek veterinary attention if a pet ingests any part. |
| Green moor grass | Sesleria heufleriana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sesleria species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic; as with all grasses, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Green Panda Bamboo | Fargesia rufa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fargesia rufa is a true bamboo (Poaceae) and is non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. A favoured food of giant pandas in the wild. Not individually ASPCA-listed, but true bamboos have no known toxic principle and are broadly considered safe. |
| green prayer plant | Maranta leuconeura var. leuconeura | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Maranta and the prayer plant as non-toxic; the genus contains no calcium oxalates or toxic principles. As with any houseplant, a pet eating large amounts of foliage may experience mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Green Sapote | Pouteria viridis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria viridis is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Sapotaceae family has no widely reported systemic toxic principle for pets, but unripe fruit and seed kernels of many sapote species contain saponins and bitter compounds that may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested by dogs or cats. Ripe fruit pulp consumed by humans is not reported toxic, but caution is advised with pets and the seeds should be kept away from animals. |
| Green Sheen Japanese Spurge | Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Pachysandra terminalis, 'Green Sheen' carries the same alkaloid and saponin content as the species. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal distress in dogs and cats. Prevent pets from grazing; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Green Shiso | Perilla frutescens var. frutescens | herb | Toxic | Perilla frutescens is a documented toxic plant: although not individually on the ASPCA cat/dog list, veterinary toxicology sources (Colorado State University) record it as poisonous to grazing animals via perilla ketone, which causes acute respiratory distress, with general gastrointestinal upset risk to pets. Keep away from cats, dogs, and livestock; verify with a vet on ingestion. |
| Green Shiso | Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. viridis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Perilla frutescens is listed as toxic to horses and ruminants (contains perilla ketone, causing pulmonary oedema) in veterinary literature. However, the ASPCA does not list it as toxic to dogs or cats. Exercise caution with livestock exposure; the risk to companion pets (dogs, cats) appears low at culinary leaf quantities, but avoid large ingestions. |
| Green Spleenwort | Asplenium viride | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium is not a recognised toxic genus. ASPCA lists Asplenium nidus (Bird's Nest Fern) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; A. viride belongs to the same genus with no known toxic principles. True ferns do not produce the alkaloids or glycosides associated with pet poisoning. |
| Green Velvet Boxwood | Buxus 'Green Velvet' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Buxus (boxwood) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are steroidal alkaloids including buxine; ingestion typically causes vomiting and diarrhea, with neurological signs such as ataxia and seizures at higher doses. The bitter taste usually limits intake, but keep clippings away from pets and prevent chewing. |
| Green-Flowered Galtonia | Galtonia viridiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Galtonia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in the genus. G. viridiflora, as a congeneric species to the ASPCA-listed G. candicans, is considered safe for pets. |
| Green-flowered Pitaya | Echinocereus chloranthus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Echinocereus chloranthus is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic alkaloids or oxalates are documented in the Echinocereus genus. Physical injury from the variably coloured, rigid spines is the primary hazard for pets and handlers. Ingestion of plant tissue may cause mechanical irritation and mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Treat with appropriate caution around pets and children. |
| Green-flowered wax plant | Hoya chlorantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies the Hoya genus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified. The abundant nectar drips may attract pets but does not cause harm beyond possible mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Green-spotted Billbergia | Billbergia chlorosticta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Billbergia bromeliads are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs per bromeliad specialist sources consistent with ASPCA Bromeliaceae classifications; mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Green-Spotted Neoregelia | Neoregelia chlorosticta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia chlorosticta belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No harmful compounds have been identified in this genus. Suitable for homes with pets. |
| Green-tip Forest Lily | Clivia nobilis | houseplant | Toxic | Listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs under 'Clivia Lily'. The toxic principle is the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid lycorine, concentrated most heavily in the bulb/rhizome. Ingestion causes vomiting, salivation, and diarrhoea; large ingestions can produce convulsions, low blood pressure, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Green-winged Orchid | Anacamptis morio | flowering | Mildly toxic | Anacamptis morio is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The broader Orchidaceae family is considered low-risk, but wild tubers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity; classified as mildly-toxic due to absence of a confirmed species-level ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Green-Yellow Catasetum | Catasetum viridiflavum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catasetum viridiflavum is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principle is documented for this genus; the Orchidaceae family is broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a precaution, prevent pets from ingesting plant material, as large quantities of any non-nutritive plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Green's ginger lily | Hedychium greenii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hedychium coronarium (butterfly ginger/white ginger) and Hedychium gardnerianum (kahili ginger) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; Hedychium greenii belongs to the same genus with no known toxic principles, and is considered non-toxic. |
| Greene's Liveforever | Dudleya greenei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya greenei is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Dudleya (Crassulaceae) has no established toxic principle in cats or dogs. As with other Dudleya species, it is considered safe for pets based on available horticultural and toxicological literature. |
| greengage | Prunus domestica 'Reine Claude Dorée' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Prunus (plum) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, twigs, and stones contain cyanogenic glycosides releasing cyanide when chewed, causing brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, and shock. The sweet ripe flesh is harmless to people, but keep pets and grazing animals away from pits and wilted prunings. |
| Greenish Air Plant | Tillandsia virescens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Chewing on the plant may cause minor, transient gastrointestinal upset in some animals. |
| Greenspire Linden | Tilia cordata 'Greenspire' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tilia cordata (and its cultivars including 'Greenspire') is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. The flowers, leaves, and bracts are used in herbal teas (tilleul/linden tea) for humans and have no documented toxic principle for companion animals. Linden honey is also non-toxic. |
| greenstem forsythia | Forsythia viridissima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Forsythia is catalogued by the ASPCA as 'Golden Bells' (Oleaceae) on its non-toxic list, with no known toxic principle. |
| Grefsheim spirea | Spiraea cinerea 'Grefsheim' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Spiraea spp. as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds have been documented in Spiraea cinerea or its cultivars. |
| Greig's tulip | Tulipa greigii | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists the genus Tulipa as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. T. greigii contains tulipalin A and B throughout all plant parts, with concentrations highest in the bulb scales and outer tunics. Ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and in larger doses depression of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Skin handling of bulbs can cause tulip fingers (allergic dermatitis) in sensitised individuals. Keep bulbs away from pets. |
| Grey Club-rush | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Schoenoplectus and the closely related Scirpus (bulrush/club-rush family Cyperaceae) have no documented toxic principles for cats, dogs, or humans. Widely used in constructed wetlands and wildlife ponds without any reported harm to domestic or wild animals. |
| Grey Goldenrod | Solidago nemoralis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Solidago species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Eating large quantities of any plant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| grey moor grass | Sesleria nitida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sesleria nitida is a member of the Poaceae (grass) family. True grasses are classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are associated with this species. |
| Grey Sage | Salvia canescens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) genus is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Salvia canescens is not individually listed by ASPCA but belongs to the same non-toxic genus; normal caution regarding ingestion of ornamental plants applies. |
| Grey saltbush | Atriplex cinerea | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No confirmed toxins are recorded for Atriplex cinerea, and the genus does not appear on the ASPCA toxic plant database. Leaves grown under heavy artificial fertilisation may accumulate nitrates, so large quantities should not be ingested by pets. |
| Grey sedge | Carex divulsa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex divulsa is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database for dogs or cats. The species is widely used in pet-friendly and wildlife garden design, including as a lawn substitute where pets roam. No toxic principles are known for sedges (Cyperaceae). Minor gastrointestinal upset may result from large-quantity ingestion of any plant material. |
| Grey Speedwell | Veronica cinerea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica cinerea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Veronica genus has no documented toxic principle for cats or dogs and is not associated with toxicity reports. |
| Grey-Headed Coneflower | Ratibida pinnata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ratibida pinnata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Asteraceae (Compositae) and has no known toxic principles reported. It is widely used in prairie restorations and is not associated with pet poisoning. As with any plant material, large ingestions may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Griffith's begonia | Begonia griffithii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion causes oral irritation, burning, excessive salivation, and vomiting, with the rhizome containing the highest toxin concentration. |
| Grigua Cycad | Encephalartos cycadifolius | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species contain cycasin and macrozamin — potent azoxy glycoside toxins causing severe hepatotoxicity and neurological damage. The ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic to dogs and cats; seed ingestion in particular can be fatal within days. All plant parts — leaves, cones, seeds, and trunk — are hazardous. This plant must be kept completely inaccessible to pets and young children. |
| Grinning Argyroderma | Argyroderma ringens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Argyroderma is in the family Aizoaceae. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but related Aizoaceae mesembs are recorded as non-toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been documented in the genus in the veterinary or horticultural literature. |
| Groby's Specklinia | Specklinia grobyi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Specklinia (formerly Pleurothallis) belongs to the family Orchidaceae, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds are documented for Specklinia grobyi specifically. Safe in a household with pets. |
| Grosso lavandin | Lavandula x intermedia 'Grosso' | herb | Mildly toxic | Lavandula x intermedia 'Grosso' shares the genus toxicity profile. ASPCA lists lavender as toxic to dogs and cats due to linalool and linalyl acetate. 'Grosso' has particularly high camphor content relative to other lavandins, which adds additional concern especially for cats. Ingestion of significant foliage or undiluted oil may cause vomiting, nausea, and lethargy. |
| Lavandin | Lavandula × intermedia 'Grosso' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lavender (Lavandula) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; this applies to the Lavandula × intermedia hybrids. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate, causing nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Keep plants and lavender oils away from pets. |
| Ground Bromeliad | Bromelia humilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bromelia humilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Some Bromelia species contain calcium oxalate crystals or saponin-like compounds that may cause transient oral irritation and mild gastrointestinal discomfort if plant material is ingested by pets. The stiff, spiny leaf margins also represent a physical hazard. Treat with caution around cats and dogs. |
| ground cherry | Physalis pruinosa | edible | Toxic | The fully ripe, husked fruit is edible, but the leaves, stems, and unripe green berries contain solanine glycoalkaloids. Physalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA; as a solanine-containing nightshade the foliage and unripe fruit are toxic to dogs and cats, potentially causing drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, and tremors. Keep pets from grazing the plant. |
| Grumichama | Eugenia brasiliensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eugenia brasiliensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is eaten by people, but the genus is not ASPCA-cleared and other Eugenia parts can contain cyanogenic compounds, so it should not be labelled pet-safe; ingestion of seeds or foliage may cause mild GI upset. |
| Gryphon Begonia | Begonia 'Gryphon' (Begonia x hybrida) | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. As a Begonia hybrid, 'Gryphon' falls under this listing — ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense drooling, and vomiting, with the highest oxalate concentration in the underground parts. Keep out of pets' reach and call a vet if eaten. |
| Guadua Bamboo | Guadua angustifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guadua angustifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA but bamboo as a family has no established toxic principles for dogs or cats. Note the sharp thorns at nodes pose a physical injury risk to pets and people. Young shoots require cooking before human consumption to reduce cyanogenic compounds. |
| Guapeva | Pouteria torta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria torta is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Sapotaceae family has no widely reported toxic principle to pets, but as with many tropical fruit trees, unripe fruit and latex-containing plant parts may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets. The mature fruit pulp is edible by humans. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests significant plant material. |
| Guatemalan Air Plant | Tillandsia guatemalensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles; T. guatemalensis is safe for households with cats and dogs. |
| Guatemalan Blue Sage | Salvia cacaliifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia genus species as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Salvia cacaliifolia is not individually assessed by ASPCA but belongs to the same non-toxic genus; normal caution is advised regarding ingestion in large amounts. |
| Guatemalan Ponytail Palm | Beaucarnea guatemalensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Beaucarnea guatemalensis (family Asparagaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Beaucarnea is closely related to Nolina, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs and cats, but B. guatemalensis itself is not confirmed. Treat as mildly toxic out of an abundance of caution — the leaf margins are physically sharp and may cause oral irritation if chewed. |
| Guatemalan Spiral Ginger | Costus productus | edible | Mildly toxic | Although the flower petals are eaten by humans and used as edible garnishes, Costus productus is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. The genus contains saponins that may cause gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic for pets and seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Guava | Psidium guajava | tropical | Mildly toxic | Psidium guajava is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The ripe flesh is widely eaten and is not known to be poisonous, but because the species is unlisted we treat it as uncertain rather than asserting pet-safe; seeds can pose a choking or blockage hazard. Verify with a vet before deliberately feeding to pets. |
| guelder rose | Viburnum opulus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viburnum opulus is not listed as toxic on the ASPCA's toxic-plant list for dogs or cats; however, the raw berries contain viburnin, a mildly toxic compound that causes nausea and vomiting in humans if eaten unripe or in quantity. Cooked berries are traditionally used in jams. Treat with caution around children and pets. |
| gulf muhly grass | Muhlenbergia filipes | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a true grass it carries no known systemic toxin, but the fine seed awns can cause mechanical irritation if a pet chews the seed heads heavily. |
| Giant Dioon | Dioon spinulosum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a cycad (Dioon, order Cycadales) it contains cycasin, consistent with the ASPCA's toxic listing for sago palm and related cycads. Ingestion of fronds or seeds causes vomiting, diarrhoea, liver failure and neurological signs. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Gumbo Limbo | Bursera simaruba | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bursera simaruba is not listed as toxic by ASPCA and is not known to be harmful to dogs or cats. The bark resin has a long history of traditional medicinal use. While not individually listed by ASPCA, no toxic principles are documented; consult a vet if a pet ingests large quantities of any plant material. |
| Giant Rhubarb | Gunnera manicata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gunnera manicata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant lists; despite the common name it is unrelated to true rhubarb (Rheum, which the ASPCA does list as toxic). Its pet status is unconfirmed, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Guppy's peperomia | Peperomia guppyana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species (family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no identified toxic principle. Ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in sensitive pets, but no specific toxin is involved. |
| Gurken's Orthophytum | Orthophytum gurkenii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists members of the Bromeliaceae family (including closely related Neoregelia bromeliads) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Orthophytum gurkenii is considered non-toxic. Ingestion of any plant material may cause mild transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| scarlet star | Guzmania lingulata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Chewing is unlikely to harm pets. |
| Empire bromeliad | Guzmania 'Empire' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Guzmania and bromeliads generally appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list with no toxic principle. Chewing the stiff, sometimes rough-edged leaves may cause mild oral irritation or transient stomach upset, but no systemic poisoning occurs. |
| exodus bromeliad | Guzmania 'Exodus' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Guzmania is named on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. No systemic toxin is present, and at most a chewed leaf might cause mild, short-lived digestive upset from fibrous plant material. |
| orangeade bromeliad | Guzmania 'Orangeade' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bromeliads (family Bromeliaceae) carry no toxic principle in the ASPCA database; the only caution is mild GI upset or minor oral scratching if a pet chews the stiff leaves. |
| Scarlet Star Bromeliad | Guzmania lingulata 'Rana' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Guzmania and bromeliads generally are not classed as toxic, so this is a safe choice for pet households, though nibbled foliage may still cause mild stomach upset in sensitive animals. |
| torch bromeliad | Guzmania 'Torch' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Guzmania and bromeliads in general are on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list and carry no toxic principle. Cats or dogs chewing the firm leaves may get mild oral irritation or a brief upset stomach, but there is no risk of systemic poisoning. |
| Cone-headed Guzmania | Guzmania conifera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bromeliads such as Guzmania are not classified as toxic, making this a pet-safe houseplant, although eating large amounts of foliage could cause mild, transient digestive upset in some animals. |
| striped torch bromeliad | Guzmania monostachia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae) is non-toxic in the ASPCA database; only mild stomach upset or minor oral irritation is possible if a pet chews the foliage. |
| Wittmack's guzmania | Guzmania wittmackii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bromeliads (family Bromeliaceae) contain no toxic principle in the ASPCA database; chewing may at most cause mild GI upset or minor oral abrasion from the firm leaves. |
| Yellow Chin Cactus | Gymnocalycium andreae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium does not appear on the ASPCA's list of toxic plants, and cacti are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The principal hazard is mechanical injury from the spines rather than any toxic compound; position it out of pets' reach. |
| Spider Cactus | Gymnocalycium denudatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is not listed on the ASPCA's toxic plant database, and the cactus family is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The main risk is physical injury from the curved spines rather than poisoning; keep it where pets cannot brush against it. |
| Plume Oak Fern | Gymnocarpium dryopteris 'Plumosum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gymnocarpium (oak fern) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database for cats, dogs, or horses, so its status is unconfirmed. While many true ferns are non-toxic, this genus is unlisted; treat it with caution, keep pets from grazing it, and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| gyoku-ryu mondo grass | Ophiopogon japonicus 'Gyoku-ryu' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Ophiopogon as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| gypsicola butterwort | Pinguicula gypsicola | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula (butterworts) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The greasy leaf mucilage may cause minor mouth or stomach irritation if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Gypsum butterwort | Pinguicula gypsicola | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula gypsicola is not specifically listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Butterworts are not members of any known highly toxic genus, and veterinary sources report that ingestion typically causes only mild, transient GI upset. A precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied pending a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| H.E. Beale Heather | Calluna vulgaris 'H.E. Beale' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris and its cultivars including 'H.E. Beale' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. |
| Haage's Cactus | Haageocereus acranthus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Haageocereus acranthus is not individually listed by ASPCA. No documented chemical toxicity is reported for this genus, but the dense, sharp spines pose a significant physical injury risk to pets and children. Handle with thick leather gloves. |
| habanero pepper | Capsicum chinense | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Capsicum foliage as toxic to cats and dogs due to solanine. Capsaicin in fruit causes severe oral, eye, and GI irritation in pets. |
| Hachiya persimmon | Diospyros kaki 'Hachiya' | edible | Mildly toxic | Diospyros kaki is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ripe soft flesh is generally regarded as non-toxic, but unripe astringent Hachiya fruit is very high in tannin, and seeds and stems can cause gastrointestinal upset or obstruction; the high sugar may also upset pets. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Common Hackberry Bonsai | Celtis occidentalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Celtis occidentalis is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet safety is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe drupes are edible to humans and birds, but the species is not affirmatively cleared for pets, so discourage chewing of foliage or fallen fruit. |
| Hair sedge | Carex comans 'Frosted Curls' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex (sedge) species are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database for dogs or cats. Carex comans 'Frosted Curls' is not known to contain any toxic principle. As with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but the species is not expected to be life-threatening to pets. |
| Hairy Abutilon | Abutilon grandifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abutilon grandifolium is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No documented toxic principles are recorded for this species. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if ingested in large amounts by pets. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Hairy Aichryson | Aichryson villosum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aichryson villosum belongs to Crassulaceae and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Several related jade-type Crassulaceae genera are noted as toxic to dogs and cats. As a precaution, treat this species as mildly toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Hairy Alpine Primrose | Primula hirsuta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primula hirsuta, like other Primula species, contains primin and related quinone compounds that cause contact dermatitis in sensitive people. ASPCA lists Primula species as causing mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets if ingested. Not considered severely toxic, but the sticky, glandular hairs are a skin irritant — handle with gloves. Keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Hairy alumroot | Heuchera villosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heuchera species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Hairy alumroot poses no known toxicity risk to pets or humans. |
| Hairy Beardtongue | Penstemon hirsutus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Penstemon is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Plantaginaceae and has no known toxic principles reported in veterinary literature. Considered safe around pets and children, though ingestion of any plant material in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hairy Bertolonia | Bertolonia hirsuta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bertolonia belongs to Melastomataceae, a family with no documented toxic principles. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA; however, based on family profile, no toxicity risk is known for cats, dogs, or horses. As with any non-food plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hairy bladderwort | Utricularia pubescens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Utricularia pubescens is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle is known, but because no formal safety data for pets exists for this genus, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Hairy Coreopsis | Coreopsis pubescens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been identified in Coreopsis pubescens. |
| Hairy Gibbaeum | Gibbaeum pubescens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gibbaeum pubescens is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic principle has been documented in the Gibbaeum genus or the broader Aizoaceae family. Related mesemb genera (Lithops, Dinteranthus, Pleiospilos) are confirmed ASPCA non-toxic. As a precaution, keep away from pets that may chew on plants, and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| hairy ginger lily | Hedychium villosum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hedychium coronarium and Hedychium gardnerianum as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; Hedychium villosum belongs to the same genus with no identified toxic principles, and is considered non-toxic. |
| Hairy Houseleek | Sempervivum ciliosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus contains no known toxic principles; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset at most. |
| Hairy Jovibarba | Jovibarba hirta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Jovibarba hirta belongs to Crassulaceae. The Jovibarba genus, like Sempervivum, is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been reported for this species. |
| Hairy Kohleria | Kohleria hirsuta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohleria belongs to Gesneriaceae, a plant family not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been documented for Kohleria hirsuta. The species is regarded as pet-safe, though ingestion of significant amounts of hairy plant material could cause mild mouth or stomach irritation due to the trichomes. |
| Hairy Lip Fern | Cheilanthes lanosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cheilanthes lanosa is not individually assessed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no toxic principle has been formally documented for this species. As a precaution — and in keeping with guidance to avoid assuming safety for unlisted species — it is classified as mildly-toxic. Consult a vet if a pet has ingested significant amounts. |
| Hairy Mallow | Abutilon hirtum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abutilon is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; the genus is widely considered non-toxic, though ingestion of any plant material in large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hairy Parakohleria | Parakohleria villosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Parakohleria is a member of Gesneriaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Gesneriaceae as a family has no documented toxic principles. Closely related genera including Kohleria (ASPCA non-toxic) support a pet-safe classification. Exercise caution and prevent ingestion as a standard precaution. |
| Hairy peperomia | Peperomia hirsuta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. caperata, P. argyreia, and P. prostrata) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle recorded and no toxic member of the genus listed. Peperomia hirsuta is considered pet-safe on this consistent genus-wide pattern. As with any plant, a pet that ingests a large amount may experience mild, transient stomach upset from the plant bulk; discourage chewing and consult your vet if concerned. |
| Hairy primrose | Primula hirsuta | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Primula (primrose) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The specific toxic principle is unknown; clinical signs include mild to moderate vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hairy Raphionacme | Raphionacme hirsuta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Raphionacme hirsuta belongs to family Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae). The tuber contains alkaloids and has historically been noted as poisonous, though it is used medicinally in South African traditional practice. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Given the family's known content of toxic alkaloids in many genera, it should be treated as potentially harmful to pets and kept out of reach of dogs and cats. |
| Hairy rattleweed | Baptisia arachnifera | flowering | Toxic | Like all Baptisia species, contains quinolizidine alkaloids including cytisine and related compounds. Ingestion is considered dangerous — causes vomiting, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal distress, and potentially more severe symptoms in pets and children. Poison Control sources classify hairy rattleweed as toxic and not suitable for households with children, cats, or dogs. |
| Hairy Rock Jasmine | Androsace villosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Androsace villosa is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Androsace (family Primulaceae) has no documented toxic principles and is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats based on family-level characteristics and horticultural literature. |
| Hairy Rock-cress | Arabis hirsuta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Arabis hirsuta is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. As a member of Brassicaceae it may contain glucosinolates that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if consumed in quantity; no confirmed reports of serious toxicity to cats or dogs. Classified here as mildly-toxic due to the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Hairy Sage | Salvia pubescens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia pubescens is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Salvia genus is not classified as a known toxic group; however, the aromatic essential oils and terpenoids typical of the Lamiaceae family that this species contains may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) if ingested by cats or dogs in significant amounts. |
| Hairy Sinningia | Sinningia villosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia (Gloxinia group) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Hairy Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum villosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Paphiopedilum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and has no reported toxic principles. Most orchid genera evaluated by the ASPCA are classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Exercise normal caution to avoid ingestion of plant material. |
| Hairy Solomon's seal | Polygonatum pubescens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains steroidal saponins in leaves, stems, roots, and berries, consistent with the Polygonatum genus. ASPCA lists related P. odoratum as mildly toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and lethargy. Berries pose additional risk. Keep pets away from all plant parts. |
| Hairy Spiral Ginger | Costus villosissimus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus villosissimus is not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so pet safety cannot be confirmed. No specific toxic principle has been identified in the literature, but GI irritation is possible if plant material is ingested. Keep cats and dogs away and consult a vet promptly if ingestion occurs. |
| Hairy St John's-wort | Hypericum hirsutum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Hypericum (St John's Wort) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is hypericin, a naphthodianthrone concentrated in glandular dots on the leaves and flowers. Clinical signs include photosensitization leading to ulcerative and exudative dermatitis, particularly on unpigmented skin exposed to sunlight. H. hirsutum shares the same chemical profile as H. perforatum and should be treated as equally toxic. |
| Hairy Stonecrop | Prometheum pilosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Prometheum pilosum (syn. Sedum pilosum) belongs to Crassulaceae tribe Sedeae. The genus Prometheum is not individually listed by ASPCA. Unlike jade-type Crassulaceae (Crassula, Kalanchoe), Sedum and closely related genera such as Sempervivum are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Treat with caution if unsure, but no toxic principle has been reported. |
| hairy sun pitcher | Heliamphora hispida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heliamphora is not individually listed by ASPCA. Sarraceniaceae carnivorous plants have no documented toxic principle for cats or dogs, and the genus is not associated with toxicity reports in veterinary literature. The enzyme-based digestive fluid inside pitchers is not harmful if a pet drinks a small amount. |
| Hairy Sun Rose | Halimium lasianthum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Halimium lasianthum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Cistaceae family members are not documented as severely toxic, but because no safety data is confirmed for cats and dogs, this species is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Hairy Thrift | Armeria villosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Armeria villosa is not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No known toxic principles have been identified in the genus, but as it is not confirmed safe, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied; ingestion may produce mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs. |
| Hairy Violet | Viola hirta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Viola genus (pansies and violets) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hairy Water Clover | Marsilea hirsuta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Marsilea hirsuta is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Marsilea genus contains thiaminase (vitamin B1-destroying enzyme) documented in related species. Significant ingestion by pets could theoretically cause thiamine deficiency, though the risk from incidental nibbling is low. Keep out of reach of pets that browse aquarium plants; consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Hairy woodrush | Luzula pilosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Luzula pilosa is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs. No toxic principles are associated with this genus and it is handled freely in wildlife and school gardens. |
| Hairy-Cupped Coelogyne | Coelogyne tomentosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coelogyne is not individually listed by ASPCA, but orchids in the Orchidaceae family have no reported toxic principle and no documented cases of harm to cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe in line with the general non-toxic orchid classification. |
| Hairy-fruited Draba | Draba lasiocarpa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Draba lasiocarpa (Brassicaceae) has no recognised toxic compounds. The genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and no clinically harmful principles have been identified in the veterinary literature. Considered safe around pets and children. |
| Hairy-leaf begonia | Begonia hispida | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; soluble calcium oxalates cause oral burning, intense salivation, and vomiting; the underground portions contain the highest concentration. |
| Hairy-leaf Tylecodon | Tylecodon hirtifolius | houseplant | Toxic | All Tylecodon species contain bufadienolide glycosides that are cardiotoxic and neurotoxic to mammals. Ingestion causes nausea, drooling, and in severe cases the paralytic syndrome known as krimpsiekte. Keep away from pets and children; wear gloves when handling. |
| Hairy-tongued Restrepia | Restrepia trichoglossa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Restrepia trichoglossa is not individually listed, but no toxic principles have been documented for this genus. |
| golden hakone grass | Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hakonechloa macra is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as with most ornamental grasses, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) from coarse, silica-rich blades. |
| Hales Best cantaloupe | Cucumis melo 'Hales Best Jumbo' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melons (Cucumis melo) are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and the ripe flesh is generally considered a safe occasional treat for cats and dogs in small amounts. Remove rind and seeds and feed only plain flesh. |
| Carolina Silverbell | Halesia carolina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (entered as 'Silver Bell', Halesia carolina, family Styracaceae). It is considered pet-safe, though as with any plant, eating large amounts of foliage can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Mountain Silverbell | Halesia monticola | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Halesia monticola is not individually itemised by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists the closely related Halesia carolina ('Silver Bell', family Styracaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, so this silverbell is considered pet-safe on that genus basis. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Half-hidden Yam | Dioscorea hemicrypta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dioscorea hemicrypta is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus contains saponins and steroidal glycosides that may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans if the caudex or foliage is ingested. Treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Half-Stained Sage | Salvia semiatrata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia semiatrata is not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a Mexican ornamental sage without individual ASPCA assessment, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. Monitor pets for gastrointestinal signs if they ingest plant material and consult a veterinarian. |
| Hall's Living Stones | Lithops hallii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops (all species) are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known in Lithops hallii. |
| Hamburg parsley | Petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; Hamburg parsley is the same species. The toxic principle is furanocoumarins, which can cause photosensitization and mild GI upset, mainly with large ingestion. Limit pet access to foliage and consult a vet on significant exposure. |
| hameln fountain grass | Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Hameln' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pennisetum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hameln Fountain Grass | Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Hameln' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pennisetum alopecuroides and its cultivar 'Hameln' are not individually listed on ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The species is not a toxic grass, and ornamental Pennisetum is widely considered safe around pets. Note: the seed awns of fountain grass can occasionally migrate into animal tissue and cause mechanical injury — prevent pets from grazing seed heads. Pennisetum setaceum (annual fountain grass) is separately confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA. |
| Hamilton's Strobilanthes | Strobilanthes hamiltonianus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Strobilanthes is in the Acanthaceae family. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic. Based on available data Strobilanthes species have no known severely toxic principles, but ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Keep away from pets as a precaution; not considered dangerous in small exposures. |
| Hamilton's sundew | Drosera hamiltonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera (sundews) are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. The sticky mucilage is designed to catch insects, not mammals, and poses no known toxic risk to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Hamilton's wax plant | Hoya hamiltoniorum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya carnosa listed as 'Wax Plant' — Non-Toxic; Hoya kerrii as 'Sweetheart Hoya' — Non-Toxic; no toxic principles identified). Hoya hamiltoniorum is not individually listed by name, but the genus as a whole has no members recorded as toxic. Ingestion of large amounts of any plant material could cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Hammock Fern | Blechnum occidentale | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blechnum occidentale belongs to the family Blechnaceae. True ferns in this family are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic principles have been identified in this genus. Considered safe in pet-friendly households. |
| Hand-Bearing Oncidium | Oncidium cheirophorum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oncidium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The genus contains no known toxic principles and is considered safe in households with pets. |
| Hansa Rose | Rosa 'Hansa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Rosa). Petals and the vitamin-rich hips are harmless if nibbled; the practical risk is the dense, prickly stems and bristles scratching pets. |
| Happy Bean | Peperomia ferreyrae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia ferreyrae is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia genus members (e.g. P. obtusifolia, P. argyreia, P. caperata) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with none listed as toxic. Considered pet-safe, but as the species is not named specifically, verify with your vet if your pet ingests any. |
| happy bean peperomia | Peperomia ferreyrae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia ferreyrae is non-toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA. The bean-shaped leaves are not harmful, and while ingestion may cause mild stomach upset, the plant is considered safe around pets. |
| Happy Wanderer | Hardenbergia violacea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hardenbergia violacea is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of the Fabaceae family, some plant parts (particularly seeds) may contain mild legume-associated compounds. No severe toxicity is documented, but ingestion of seeds or large quantities of foliage by pets or children is not recommended. Exercise caution. |
| Hard Fern | Blechnum spicant | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blechnum spicant (deer fern) is a true fern and is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. True ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic to pets, though chewing large quantities could cause mild stomach upset. |
| hard rush | Juncus inflexus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus inflexus has no known toxic compounds hazardous to cats, dogs, or horses, and the Juncus genus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. No toxic principles have been identified. As with any non-food plant, large ingestion may cause mild GI upset in pets. |
| Hard-leaf Primulina | Primulina sclerophylla | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina sclerophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. In the absence of confirmed safety data for cats and dogs, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; keep out of reach of pets and contact a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Chusan Palm | Trachycarpus fortunei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; it appears individually on the ASPCA database as 'Windmill Palm' (Trachycarpus fortunei). Any irritation is mechanical from the fibrous, sharp-edged leaf stalks rather than chemical, so curious pets should still be discouraged from chewing. |
| Ivy-leaved Cyclamen | Cyclamen hederifolium | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. All Cyclamen contain terpenoid saponins, most concentrated in the tubers and roots. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea; large amounts of tuber can trigger heart-rhythm abnormalities and seizures. Keep tubers and dropped seed away from pets. |
| Rozanne cranesbill | Geranium 'Rozanne' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The true Geranium genus (hardy cranesbills) is not individually listed by the ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic, and it is easily confused with the toxic 'geranium' the ASPCA actually lists, Pelargonium species (toxic principles geraniol and linalool). Because cranesbill lacks an affirmative ASPCA non-toxic listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Hardy Ice Plant | Delosperma cooperi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Delosperma cooperi is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to pets. Aizoaceae in general has no well-documented systemic toxin in this genus, and the plant is widely regarded as low-risk. However, ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Keep away from pets as a sensible precaution. |
| hardy kiwi | Actinidia arguta | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Actinidia kiwi is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and the ripe fruit is edible. Note that Actinidia (like catnip's family) can act as a feline attractant, causing some cats to rub or chew the vine; this is behavioural rather than poisonous, but discourage heavy chewing. |
| Ananasnaya kiwiberry | Actinidia arguta 'Ananasnaya' | edible | Mildly toxic | Actinidia arguta is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fruit is human-edible, but the foliage contains compounds related to those in catnip and can attract and overstimulate cats; pet safety is not ASPCA-established, so do not label it pet-safe. |
| Hardy pear | Pyrus communis 'Beurré Hardy' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe pear flesh is safe for dogs and cats as an occasional treat. Pear seeds contain amygdalin, which can liberate small amounts of cyanide when crushed; these should not be fed to pets. The ASPCA does not list Pyrus communis as a toxic plant but advises caution with seeds and leaves of Rosaceae fruit trees. |
| Canary Island rabbit's foot fern | Davallia canariensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Davallia appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list under names including Hare Fern, Rabbit's Foot Fern, Ball Fern and Squirrel Foot Fern. Eating large amounts of any plant can still cause mild, passing stomach upset. |
| Hare's Foot Fern | Phlebodium pseudoaureum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Phlebodium pseudoaureum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Phlebodium is not covered, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe. Note that the ASPCA-listed Rabbit's Foot Fern is Davallia, a different genus, so that listing does not apply here. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet chews it. |
| Harebell | Campanula rotundifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no toxic principles have been documented for this genus. |
| Haricot Vert | Phaseolus vulgaris 'French Filet' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phaseolus vulgaris is an edible vegetable crop. ASPCA does not list it as toxic to dogs or cats. Fresh green bean pods are widely accepted as a safe low-calorie snack for dogs. Raw dried beans contain PHA lectins but this is a human food-safety concern, not a pet-toxicity concern in garden settings. |
| Harlequin flower | Sparaxis tricolor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sparaxis tricolor is not formally listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, but several horticultural sources flag it as harmful to dogs if ingested. As an Iridaceae member sharing characteristics with toxic genera in the family, caution is warranted; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset including vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep corms especially out of reach. |
| Harlow Carr | Rosa 'Harlow Carr' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: true roses (Rosa species) are non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The only hazard is mechanical from thorns rather than chemical; supervise pets around prunings and cut stems. |
| Harris's Air Plant | Tillandsia harrisii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tillandsia is not formally listed by ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Widely regarded in the air plant community as non-harmful, but classified here as mildly-toxic because the ASPCA listing is absent. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Hart's Pennyroyal | Mentha cervina | herb | Mildly toxic | Mentha cervina (Hart's Pennyroyal) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Mentha genus is generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats at small doses, but concentrated mint oils (pulegone) in related pennyroyal species (especially Mentha pulegium) are hepatotoxic in cats and dogs. As a pennyroyal-type mint of uncertain oil profile, caution is warranted: keep away from pets and do not administer as an essential oil or extract to animals. Consult a veterinarian before allowing pet access. |
| Hart's-tongue fern | Asplenium scolopendrium | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus, e.g. Mother Fern, carries no toxic principle). Regarded as pet-safe; eating large amounts of any foliage may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Hass avocado | Persea americana 'Hass' | tropical | Toxic | Avocado (Persea americana) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic, citing the toxic principle persin; it is specifically flagged as toxic to horses (respiratory distress, heart failure, oedema). Persin can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats and is severe or fatal in birds, rabbits and ruminants. Keep leaves, fruit, skin, bark and pits away from all pets and livestock. |
| Hasse's Liveforever | Dudleya hassei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic principles, and it appears on multiple pet-safe succulent references alongside Echeveria and Sedum. Exercise standard caution — ingestion of any plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Hatfield's Yew | Taxus x media 'Hatfieldii' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Taxus (yew) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Taxine alkaloids throughout the foliage, bark and seeds can cause muscle tremors, dyspnea, seizures and sudden cardiac death. Only the red aril flesh is non-toxic. Dispose of prunings securely where animals and children cannot reach them. |
| Drunkard's Dream | Hatiora salicornioides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Hatiora salicornioides is not individually listed on the ASPCA's Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Closely related Rhipsalis (Mistletoe Cactus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, and no toxic principle is documented, but because the species itself is unlisted we classify it as uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. Nibbling may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hatschbach's Fuchsia | Fuchsia hatschbachii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified for this genus. |
| Hausa Potato | Solenostemon rotundifolius | edible | Mildly toxic | Solenostemon rotundifolius is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The closely related ornamental Coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides / Plectranthus scutellarioides) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to essential oils, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. The tubers are a human food crop, but the pet-safety status of this specific species has not been individually verified; caution is advised. |
| Haussknecht's Rosularia | Rosularia haussknechtii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Crassulaceae but is closely allied to Sempervivum, which is widely cited as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are documented for Rosularia. The genus does not share the bufadienolide cardiac toxins found in Cotyledon, Tylecodon, or Kalanchoe. Classified as pet-safe based on absence of known toxic principles and taxonomic proximity to Sempervivum, though individual ASPCA listing is absent. |
| Hautbois Strawberry | Fragaria moschata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Fragaria (strawberry) genus as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Fragaria moschata follows the same genus-level non-toxic assessment. Large ingestion of leaves may cause mild GI upset. |
| Hawaiian Tree Fern | Cibotium glaucum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cibotium ferns are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and tree ferns in this family (Cibotiaceae) have no documented toxic principle to dogs or cats. General fern safety applies; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Haworth's Lampranthus | Lampranthus haworthii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lampranthus haworthii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Aizoaceae, a family with no well-documented systemic toxin, but ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Treat with caution around cats and dogs. |
| zebra plant | Haworthiopsis attenuata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Haworthia species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Bayeri haworthia | Haworthia bayeri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Haworthia genus is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). No toxic principle; chewing large amounts of any plant may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Truncate cooper's haworthia | Haworthia cooperi var. truncata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Haworthia is recorded by the ASPCA as non-toxic). As with any houseplant, chewing large amounts may cause mild stomach upset, so casual nibbling is best discouraged. |
| Emely's haworthia | Haworthia emelyae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Haworthia is recorded by the ASPCA as non-toxic). Eating a large amount of any plant can cause mild stomach upset, so casual chewing is best discouraged. |
| Grass-leaved haworthia | Haworthia herbacea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Haworthia does not appear on the ASPCA toxic plants list. Safe for pet households, with at most mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset if the leaves are eaten. |
| Lockwood's haworthia | Haworthia lockwoodii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Haworthia is recorded by the ASPCA as non-toxic). Ingesting large amounts of any plant can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Magnificent haworthia | Haworthia magnifica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Haworthia does not appear on the ASPCA toxic plants list. Safe around pets, with at most mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset if foliage is eaten. |
| Awl haworthia | Haworthia mucronata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Haworthia does not appear on the ASPCA toxic plants list. Safe around cats and dogs, with at most mild, temporary digestive upset if the foliage is eaten. |
| Blunt-leaved haworthia | Haworthia obtusa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the Haworthia genus is absent from the ASPCA toxic plants list. Safe for homes with pets, with only minor stomach upset possible if leaves are chewed. |
| Pygmy haworthia | Haworthia pygmaea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Haworthia appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list). No toxic principle of concern; large amounts chewed may cause minor digestive upset, as with any houseplant. |
| Springbokvlak haworthia | Haworthia springbokvlakensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Haworthia is recorded by the ASPCA as non-toxic). Ingesting a large amount of any plant may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Veined haworthia | Haworthia tessellata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the Haworthia genus is not on the ASPCA toxic plants list. Safe for pet households, with only mild stomach upset possible if leaves are chewed in quantity. |
| Turgid haworthia | Haworthia turgida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Haworthia genus is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). No toxic principle; chewing large amounts of any plant can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Veined window haworthia | Haworthia venosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the Haworthia genus is not on the ASPCA toxic plants list. Safe in pet households, with only mild, transient stomach upset possible if leaves are chewed. |
| Three-ranked haworthia | Haworthiopsis viscosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Haworthia/Haworthiopsis group, e.g. Zebra Haworthia, is classified non-toxic). It contains no insoluble calcium oxalates; large quantities of any fibrous foliage may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| common hawthorn | Crataegus monogyna | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the ASPCA lists hawthorn (genus Crataegus, family Rosaceae) as non-toxic. The ripe haws are edible for people, but the small seeds inside are best not eaten in quantity; as with any plant, large amounts of fruit or foliage may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Hay-scented Buckler Fern | Dryopteris aemula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dryopteris species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; the genus is generally considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Hay-scented fern | Dennstaedtia punctilobula | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dennstaedtia punctilobula is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although most true ferns are non-toxic, this species is not specifically confirmed; treat it as uncertain, keep it away from pets, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Hayata's Stephania | Stephania hayatae | houseplant | Toxic | Stephania species contain potent isoquinoline alkaloids including cepharanthine, tetrandrine, and stepharine, which are pharmacologically active and toxic in excess. The genus belongs to Menispermaceae. Stephania is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the alkaloid content poses a real risk to pets and humans if the caudex or plant material is ingested. Keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| Haygarth's Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus haygarthii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. |
| Hayward Kiwi | Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward' | edible | Mildly toxic | Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is not listed as toxic by ASPCA, but the fruit, leaves, and skin can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) in cats and dogs if eaten in quantity, and some individual animals are sensitive to the actinidain enzyme in the fruit. The fuzzy skin and leaves contain oxalic acid in low concentrations. Treat as mildly toxic to pets and limit access; the fruit is safe for human consumption and widely eaten. Consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| purple-leaf hazel | Corylus avellana 'Purpurea' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Corylus (hazel) does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic lists; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet. Hazelnuts are a human food, but ASPCA pet-safety status is unconfirmed, so it should not be asserted as pet-safe. |
| Eta hazelnut | Corylus avellana 'Eta' | edible | Mildly toxic | Corylus avellana is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The leaves are not known to be poisonous, but whole nuts are a choking risk and their high fat content can trigger vomiting, diarrhoea, or pancreatitis in dogs and cats if eaten in quantity, so keep harvested nuts out of pets' reach. |
| Winkler hazelnut | Corylus avellana 'Winkler' | edible | Mildly toxic | Corylus avellana is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage is not known to be poisonous, but the whole nuts pose a real choking hazard and their high fat content can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, or pancreatitis in dogs and cats if eaten in quantity, so keep nuts away from pets. |
| Headed Thyme | Thymus capitatus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus capitatus is not individually listed by ASPCA but belongs to the genus Thymus, which has no reported toxic principles. Used widely as a culinary herb in Mediterranean cooking. Not considered hazardous to dogs or cats; mild GI effects possible only with very large ingestion. |
| Heart fern | Hemionitis arifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | The heart fern is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, and no species in its genus (Hemionitis/Parahemionitis) appears on the ASPCA list, so we cannot confirm an ASPCA non-toxic rating. As a true fern it is generally regarded as low-risk and many true ferns the ASPCA does list (such as Pteris in the same family) are non-toxic, but to be safe keep it away from pets and confirm with your vet before allowing access. |
| Heart of Fire | Bromelia balansae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bromelia balansae is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While the Bromeliaceae family is generally considered non-toxic, some Bromelia species contain saponin-like compounds and calcium oxalate crystals that can cause transient oral irritation and mild gastrointestinal discomfort if ingested. The sharply spined leaves also present a significant physical hazard to pets and children. Treat with caution. |
| Heart of Flame | Bromelia balansae | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists bromeliads as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Bromelia balansae is generally considered safe. However, some Bromelia species contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponin-like compounds that may cause transient oral irritation or mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Classified as mildly-toxic here due to this uncertainty and the severe physical hazard of the hooked leaf spines. |
| Heart-leaf Fan Palm | Licuala cordata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Licuala cordata is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Arecaceae (palms), a family with no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats. The broader ASPCA palm guidance confirms most true palms are non-toxic. Licuala grandis, a close relative, is widely cited as pet-safe. Consult your vet if ingestion causes concern. |
| Heart-Leaf Krohniana | Hoya krohniana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya krohniana is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Hoya species flagged as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe; as with any plant, nibbling can cause mild GI upset, so confirm with your vet if concerned. |
| Heart-leaf Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis cardiothallis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae family is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Pleurothallis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for the genus. |
| Heart-leaved Blechnum | Blechnum cordatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blechnum ferns (family Blechnaceae) are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No known harmful chemical compounds have been identified in this genus. Safe for households with cats, dogs, and other pets. |
| Heart-leaved Globe Daisy | Globularia cordifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Globularia cordifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA. Globularia species belong to Plantaginaceae and have no documented toxic principles in peer-reviewed veterinary literature, suggesting very low toxicity risk. |
| Heart-leaved Homalomena | Homalomena cordata | houseplant | Toxic | Homalomena belongs to the Araceae family and, like most aroids, contains calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting in cats and dogs. H. cordata is not individually listed by ASPCA, but based on family toxic principles (Araceae, calcium oxalate), it should be treated as toxic to pets and kept out of reach. |
| Heart-leaved Pinellia | Pinellia cordata | herb | Toxic | All parts of Pinellia species contain calcium oxalate raphides (an Araceae family characteristic), causing intense oral irritation, swelling, and gastrointestinal upset in cats, dogs, and humans if ingested raw. ASPCA lists the Araceae family as toxic to cats and dogs. The corm is detoxified by drying or processing in traditional Chinese herbal medicine but must never be consumed raw. |
| Heart-Lipped Brassavola | Brassavola cordata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassavola orchids belong to Orchidaceae, a family with no known toxic principle. The ASPCA lists orchids broadly as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Brassavola is not individually cited, but no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus. |
| Heartleaf Bergenia | Bergenia cordifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bergenia (Saxifragaceae) is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. Despite the common name 'elephant's ears', it is unrelated to toxic Alocasia or Colocasia (Araceae). |
| Heartleaf foamflower | Tiarella cordifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tiarella cordifolia is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. It does not appear on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant list as a toxic species, and multiple veterinary and horticultural sources classify it as safe for pets. As with any plant, large quantities may cause mild GI upset, but no toxic compounds have been identified. |
| Heartleaf Golden Alexanders | Zizia aptera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zizia aptera is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; the genus Zizia is not a recognised toxic group, and no harmful compounds have been identified in the literature. |
| Heartleaf Hornbeam | Carpinus cordata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carpinus cordata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and no toxic principles are documented for the genus Carpinus in major veterinary toxicology sources. Considered safe in gardens with pets. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts could theoretically cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but no specific toxicity is recorded. |
| heart-leaf philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron species as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. |
| heartnut | Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis | edible | Toxic | Juglans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but heartnut, as a Japanese walnut, carries the same walnut hazards: moldy nuts and husks can harbour tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) causing tremors and seizures in dogs, and the oily kernels risk GI upset or pancreatitis. Juglone in hulls and roots is toxic to horses. Keep fallen nuts and husks away from pets and livestock; consult a vet on ingestion. |
| Heath Speedwell | Veronica officinalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica officinalis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic plant. The Veronica genus is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs by veterinary and horticultural authorities. Excessive ingestion of any plant material may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Heath Spotted Orchid | Dactylorhiza maculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dactylorhiza maculata is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; its specific safety profile for pets is unconfirmed, so it is conservatively classified as mildly toxic. Consult a vet if a pet has ingested any part of this plant. |
| heath-leaf peperomia | Peperomia galioides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia galioides belongs to the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified; the plant is considered safe in households with pets. |
| Heath-leaved Sage | Salvia phylicifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia phylicifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Salvia genus is not classified as a toxic group; however, because individual species data is absent, a precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied. Mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) is possible if significant plant material is ingested. |
| Heather | Calluna vulgaris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and has no reported toxic principles to dogs or cats. It is widely grown in gardens accessible to pets without documented poisoning incidents. |
| Heavenly blue morning glory | Ipomoea tricolor | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ipomoea tricolor (and the family Convolvulaceae morning glories) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The seeds in particular contain ergine (d-lysergic acid amide), a hallucinogenic compound related to LSD. Ingestion can cause GI upset, hallucinations, and lethargy. Keep seeds away from pets and children. The plant should not be confused with sweet potato (I. batatas) which has different toxicity profiles. |
| Heavy begonia | Begonia ponderosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia species (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, which cause oral irritation, excessive salivation, and vomiting in cats and dogs; the highest concentration of oxalates is in the underground rhizome. Keep the plant out of reach of pets and children. |
| heavy metal switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Heavy Metal' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Panicum virgatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; switchgrass can cause photosensitisation and liver problems in grazing livestock, so significant ingestion by pets should be discouraged. |
| Heavy Metal Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Heavy Metal' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Grasses as a family have no known toxic principle to dogs or cats; this cultivar is considered safe for pets and livestock. |
| Texas false agave | Hechtia texensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hechtia is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no genus-level ASPCA classification, so its toxicity is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. The main danger is physical: the strongly toothed, agave-like leaf margins can inflict serious cuts on pets and handlers. |
| Canary Island ivy | Hedera canariensis | houseplant | Toxic | Hedera (ivy) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the well-documented Hedera helix entry covers the genus's saponin chemistry. Leaves and stems of H. canariensis contain triterpenoid saponins and falcarinol-type polyacetylenes, which can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and skin irritation from the sap. |
| Persian ivy | Hedera colchica | flowering | Toxic | Hedera (ivy) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with the documented Hedera helix entry establishing the genus toxicity. H. colchica leaves, stems and berries contain triterpenoid saponins (hederagenin glycosides) and falcarinol-type polyacetylenes; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, and sap may cause dermatitis. |
| variegated Persian ivy | Hedera colchica 'Dentata Variegata' | flowering | Toxic | Hedera (ivy) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, the genus toxicity established by the Hedera helix entry. This Persian ivy's leaves and stems contain triterpenoid saponins (hederagenin glycosides) and falcarinol-type polyacetylenes; ingestion can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, with possible skin irritation from the sap. |
| Glacier ivy | Hedera helix 'Glacier' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hedera helix (English ivy) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Leaves and stems contain triterpenoid saponins and polyacetylene compounds (falcarinol, didehydrofalcarinol); ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, and sap may irritate skin. Foliage is more toxic than the berries. |
| Goldheart ivy | Hedera helix 'Goldheart' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Hedera helix (English ivy) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The foliage and stems contain triterpenoid saponins and the polyacetylenes falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol; ingestion can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort, and the sap may cause contact dermatitis. |
| Ivalace ivy | Hedera helix 'Ivalace' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hedera helix (English ivy) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Its leaves and stems contain triterpenoid saponins plus the polyacetylenes falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, and contact with the sap may irritate skin. |
| Hedge Bamboo | Bambusa multiplex | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa multiplex is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboos are not associated with toxic compounds harmful to cats, dogs, or horses. Safe for households with pets. |
| Hedge Bedstraw | Galium mollugo | flowering | Mildly toxic | Galium mollugo is not on the ASPCA non-toxic list; conflicting minor reports cite possible mammalian toxicity at high intake. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. The plant's asperuloside content may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by cats or dogs. |
| Hedge bindweed | Calystegia sepium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calystegia sepium contains resin glycosides (calysepins) and tropane-related alkaloids (calystegines) that have a purgative effect. The roots and all above-ground parts can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy if ingested by pets or people in quantity. Not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but the family Convolvulaceae contains known irritant compounds; treat with caution and keep away from pets and children. |
| Hedge Woundwort | Stachys sylvatica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the plant is a member of Lamiaceae and produces strongly fetid volatile compounds in its foliage. No confirmed severe toxicity reports in pets exist; classified mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure since ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Domino Cactus | Echinopsis subdenudata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Easter Lily Cactus (Echinopsis multiplex) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses with no toxic principles, covering this Echinopsis genus. As a nearly spineless species it poses little mechanical risk, but as with any plant, nibbling can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Hedgehog fescue | Festuca punctoria | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca species are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. However, the extremely sharp, rigid leaf tips can physically injure a pet's mouth or eyes if they attempt to eat or nose through the plant. |
| Hedgehog-Lip Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum echinolabium | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Bulbophyllum appendiculatum (Old World Orchid) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. B. echinolabium is not individually listed but is a member of the same genus, for which no toxic principle has been documented. Routine caution is advised if pets chew on any plant. |
| Hedgerow Cranesbill | Geranium pyrenaicum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The ASPCA toxic 'Geranium' entry refers to Pelargonium, not hardy cranesbills. Geranium pyrenaicum has no known hazards and is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Heldreich's Sage | Salvia heldreichiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principle identified. |
| Moerheim Beauty sneezeweed | Helenium 'Moerheim Beauty' | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but as a Helenium it carries the genus's documented toxicity (USDA ARS and Colorado State poisonous-plant guide): the plant contains toxic sesquiterpene lactones. Eating it can cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, and weakness in larger amounts; keep pets and livestock away. |
| Rotgold sneezeweed | Helenium 'Rotgold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helenium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, but the genus contains sesquiterpene lactones (notably helenalin) documented by USDA and Cornell as toxic to mammals, with ingestion linked to gastrointestinal irritation, drooling and vomiting. Treat as potentially harmful to cats and dogs and verify with a vet. |
| Sahin's Early Flowerer helenium | Helenium 'Sahin's Early Flowerer' | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but this Helenium shares the genus's documented toxicity per USDA ARS and Colorado State University: the plant contains toxic sesquiterpene lactones. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, with weakness or incoordination in larger doses; keep away from pets and grazing animals. |
| Pumilum Magnificum sneezeweed | Helenium autumnale 'Pumilum Magnificum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helenium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, but the genus contains sesquiterpene lactones (notably helenalin) documented by USDA and Cornell as toxic to mammals, with ingestion causing gastrointestinal irritation, drooling and vomiting. Treat as potentially harmful to cats and dogs and verify with a vet. |
| Jonas' Sun Pitcher | Heliamphora ionasi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which names only the Venus Fly Trap among carnivorous plants as non-toxic. With no ASPCA ruling for sun pitchers, treat with caution and verify with a vet; there is no documented serious toxicity but pet-safety should not be assumed. |
| Lesser Sun Pitcher | Heliamphora minor | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which classifies only the Venus Fly Trap among carnivorous plants (as non-toxic). With no ASPCA ruling for sun pitchers, treat with caution and verify with a vet; no significant toxicity is documented but it should not be assumed pet-safe. |
| Pretty Sun Pitcher | Heliamphora pulchella | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related Sarraceniaceae genus Darlingtonia is ASPCA non-toxic, but Heliamphora itself does not appear on the ASPCA list — treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of plant matter or pitcher fluid could cause mild GI upset or vomiting. |
| Tate's Sun Pitcher | Heliamphora tatei | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which classifies only the Venus Fly Trap among carnivorous plants as non-toxic. With no ASPCA ruling for sun pitchers, treat with caution and verify with a vet; no serious toxicity is documented but it should not be assumed pet-safe. |
| Lemon Queen perennial sunflower | Helianthus 'Lemon Queen' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the ASPCA classifies Helianthus species (including the common sunflower and related perennial sunflowers such as swamp and giant sunflower) as non-toxic. Large quantities of the rough foliage may still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Loddon Gold perennial sunflower | Helianthus × multiflorus 'Loddon Gold' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists sunflower (Helianthus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and this perennial sunflower belongs to the same genus. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset, but it is not considered poisonous. |
| double thin-leaved sunflower | Helianthus decapetalus 'Flore Pleno' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the ASPCA classifies Helianthus species (including the common sunflower and related perennial sunflowers such as swamp and giant sunflower) as non-toxic. Consuming large amounts of the rough foliage may still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| willow-leaved sunflower | Helianthus salicifolius | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the ASPCA classifies Helianthus species (including the common sunflower and related perennial sunflowers such as swamp and giant sunflower) as non-toxic. Eating a lot of the foliage may still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Lenten rose | Helleborus orientalis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Helleborus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to cardiac glycosides (helleborin, helleborein). Causes vomiting, drooling, slow heart rate, and rare seizures. Sap also causes skin irritation. |
| Frostkiss hellebore | Helleborus (Rodney Davey Marbled Group) 'Penny's Pink' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists hellebore (Helleborus) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles include bufadienolides, glycosides, veratrin, and protoanemonin; signs include drooling, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, colic, and depression. All parts are toxic. |
| Lenten rose | Helleborus × hybridus | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hellebore (Helleborus species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles include bufadienolides, glycosides, veratrin and protoanemonin; ingestion can cause drooling, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, colic and depression. Keep away from pets. |
| Stinking hellebore | Helleborus foetidus | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hellebore (Helleborus species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles include bufadienolides, glycosides, veratrin and protoanemonin; signs of ingestion include drooling, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, colic and depression. All parts are poisonous and the sap can irritate skin. |
| Ivory Prince hellebore | Helleborus × hybridus 'Ivory Prince' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hellebore (Helleborus species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and this hybrid shares that toxicity. Toxic principles include bufadienolides, glycosides, veratrin and protoanemonin; ingestion can cause drooling, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, colic and depression. |
| Heller's Japanese Holly | Ilex crenata 'Helleri' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Holly (Ilex species) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion of leaves or berries causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression, and the firm leaves can mechanically irritate the mouth and gut. Japanese holly berries are black rather than red but should still be kept away from pets. |
| Helmet-Shaped Gongora | Gongora cassidea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gongora is an orchid in the family Orchidaceae. Most orchids, including Gongora, are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Gongora cassidea is not individually listed, but the genus shares no known toxic principles with any ASPCA-listed harmful genera. |
| HC Cuba | Hemianthus callitrichoides 'Cuba' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hemianthus callitrichoides is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe to ingest. No specific toxic principle is documented, but absence of an ASPCA listing is not a safety guarantee. |
| pearl weed | Hemianthus micranthemoides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hemianthus micranthemoides is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe to ingest. No specific toxic principle is documented, but absence of an ASPCA listing is not a safety guarantee. |
| Chinese hemiboea | Hemiboea subcapitata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and no Hemiboea species or close relative appears on its lists; the family Gesneriaceae's listed members are non-toxic, which is reassuring but not species-specific. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety, as there is no direct ASPCA entry. |
| Red ivy | Hemigraphis alternata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs under the common name Waffle Plant (Hemigraphis species; the database entry cites Hemigraphis exotica). It contains no soluble calcium oxalates, alkaloids, or cardiac glycosides. Ingesting large amounts of any plant may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hemisphere Torch Ginger | Etlingera hemisphaerica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Etlingera hemisphaerica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no specific toxic principles have been documented for this species. In the absence of a formal ASPCA clearance, a cautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Hemlock Water Dropwort | Oenanthe crocata | flowering | Toxic | Considered the most poisonous plant native to Britain. Contains oenanthotoxin (a potent CNS polyacetylene neurotoxin acting as a GABA antagonist) and coniine in all plant parts, with highest concentrations in the tuberous roots. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and humans. Clinical signs: drooling, frothing, severe gastrointestinal upset, ataxia, tremors, violent seizures, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac dysrhythmia, respiratory failure, and death — potentially within minutes of ingestion of even small amounts. Always handle with gloves; wash hands thoroughly after contact. |
| Hemlock Water Parsnip | Sium suave | flowering | Toxic | Not listed on the ASPCA database by name, but the stems and leaves of Sium suave are reported as toxic to livestock. This plant belongs to the same family and habitat as some of the most poisonous plants in North America (e.g. Cicuta spp.); it is extremely difficult to distinguish from water hemlock in the field. Treat as toxic for all animals and do not allow pets to graze in areas where it grows. |
| Hemp-leaved Marshmallow | Althaea cannabina | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Althaea species are not listed as toxic by ASPCA; the genus contains mucilaginous polysaccharides with no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. A. cannabina is not individually ASPCA-listed, but no toxic compounds have been reported. Mild GI effects are possible if large quantities are consumed. Not related to Cannabis. |
| hen-and-chickens sundew | Drosera prolifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. D. prolifera shares this safe classification; the mucilage is a passive mechanical trap with no toxic compounds. |
| Henderson's Allamanda | Allamanda cathartica 'Hendersonii' | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Allamanda cathartica 'Hendersonii' are harmful if eaten and act as a skin and eye irritant — confirmed by the RHS. The genus contains saponins and iridoid glycosides causing vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal distress in pets and humans. Wear gloves when pruning or handling the milky latex. Keep away from children and pets. |
| Henry's honeysuckle | Lonicera henryi | flowering | Mildly toxic | The black berries of Lonicera henryi can cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets if eaten in quantity. The Lonicera genus is not listed by the ASPCA as severely toxic, but berry ingestion warrants caution. Lonicera henryi is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat the berries as a mild GI irritant for dogs and cats. |
| Henry's Lily | Lilium henryi | flowering | Toxic | As a true Lilium species, Henry's Lily is severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed, genus Lilium). All parts cause acute renal failure. Even small quantities — including pollen on fur — can be fatal if ingested. Toxic to dogs in large amounts. Do not plant in gardens frequented by cats. |
| Henry's Lime | Tilia henryana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Tilia is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Tilia henryana is not individually listed but belongs to a genus with no reported toxic principles to companion animals. |
| Hens and chicks | Sempervivum tectorum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs and, unlike its toxic Crassulaceae relative Kalanchoe, contains no bufadienolide cardiac glycosides. Note the ASPCA "Hens and Chickens" entry actually refers to Echeveria elegans, so Sempervivum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient stomach upset, and the sap may irritate sensitive skin. |
| Herald's Trumpet | Beaumontia grandiflora | tropical | Toxic | Beaumontia grandiflora belongs to Apocynaceae and contains cardiac glycosides and indole alkaloids. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family's toxic properties are well established — Apocynaceae includes oleander (Nerium) and related highly cardiotoxic species. Ingestion of any plant part may cause vomiting, drooling, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and potentially serious cardiovascular effects in dogs and cats. Keep away from pets and children; wear gloves when pruning — the milky sap irritates skin and eyes. Contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| kitchen herbs | mixed culinary herbs | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Most culinary herbs are pet-safe (basil, parsley, dill, thyme, rosemary). Chives, onion, and garlic are toxic to cats and dogs. Check each herb individually. |
| Herb Robert | Geranium robertianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The ASPCA's 'Geranium' listing refers to Pelargonium species, not hardy cranesbills. Geranium robertianum is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Heritage River Birch | Betula nigra 'Heritage' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula nigra is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database. Birch trees are not known to contain toxic principles harmful to dogs or cats. Sap and bark are safe if investigated by curious pets. |
| Hermann's Pride Yellow Archangel | Lamium galeobdolon 'Hermann's Pride' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lamium galeobdolon is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Lamiaceae family generally has low toxicity, but mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if pets ingest significant quantities. Consult a vet if concerned about ingestion. |
| Hermit Primulina | Primulina anachoreta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina (including species formerly placed in Henckelia) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic plant database; as a precaution, classify as mildly-toxic — the related Gesneriaceae family member Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed non-toxic, but verify with your veterinarian before assuming safety. |
| Hernandez-leaf peperomia | Peperomia hernandiifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species (family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle recorded. Consuming large amounts of any plant may cause mild, transient digestive upset due to bulk fibre, but no recognised toxin is present in this species. |
| Hernando begonia | Begonia hernandioides | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses via soluble calcium oxalates; clinical signs include oral burning, excessive drooling, and vomiting upon ingestion. |
| Herradura Masdevallia | Masdevallia herradurae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Masdevallia is individually listed in the ASPCA database as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This genus contains no known toxic alkaloids or irritant calcium oxalates. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Herrenhausen Oregano | Origanum laevigatum 'Herrenhausen' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Origanum laevigatum is an ornamental oregano species not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The Origanum/Lamiaceae family has no reported severe toxic principle for dogs or cats at low ornamental exposure levels. However, Origanum vulgare (culinary oregano) is mildly toxic in quantity; as a precaution, prevent pets from ingesting large amounts of any Origanum species. |
| Herrenhausen Shield Fern | Polystichum setiferum 'Herrenhausen' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum (shield ferns) are confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA — Polystichum falcatum is individually listed as non-toxic on the ASPCA database. The 'Herrenhausen' cultivar of Polystichum setiferum shares this safe status; no toxic compounds are documented for this genus. |
| Heterodox sun pitcher | Heliamphora heterodoxa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora heterodoxa is not included in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic compounds are documented for this species or genus in peer-reviewed literature, but due to the absence of formal ASPCA listing a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied; consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Autumn Bride coral bells | Heuchera villosa 'Autumn Bride' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heuchera (coral bells / alumroot) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so 'Autumn Bride' is considered pet-safe. |
| Tapestry foamy bells | Heucherella 'Tapestry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Both parent genera, Heuchera and Tiarella, are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this Heucherella hybrid is regarded as pet-safe. |
| Brass Lantern foamy bells | Heucherella 'Brass Lantern' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Heucherella is the intergeneric hybrid of Heuchera (Coral Bells) and Tiarella (Foamflower), both in the family Saxifragaceae and both classed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so 'Brass Lantern' carries no known poisoning risk. Mild stomach upset is still possible if a pet gorges on foliage. |
| Stoplight foamy bells | Heucherella 'Stoplight' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ×Heucherella is a hybrid of Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) and Tiarella; its dominant listed parent, Heuchera, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (entries: Coral Bells and Alumroot). On that genus basis it is considered pet-safe. As with any ornamental, eating a large quantity may cause minor digestive upset, so it is safe around pets but not meant to be grazed. |
| Sunrise Falls foamy bells | Heucherella 'Sunrise Falls' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ×Heucherella is a hybrid of Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) and Tiarella; its dominant listed parent, Heuchera, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (entries: Coral Bells and Alumroot). On that genus basis it is considered pet-safe. Trailing baskets put foliage within easy reach of pets, but ingestion is harmless beyond possible minor stomach upset from eating a large amount. |
| Sweet Tea foamy bells | Heucherella 'Sweet Tea' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ×Heucherella is a hybrid of Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) and Tiarella; its dominant listed parent, Heuchera, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (entries: Coral Bells and Alumroot). On that genus basis it is considered pet-safe. As with any non-food plant, chewing large amounts may cause minor stomach upset, so casual nibbling is harmless but not encouraged. |
| Heuffel's Houseleek | Jovibarba heuffelii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Jovibarba heuffelii is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. It is closely related to Sempervivum, which the ASPCA classes as non-toxic, but a direct species-level confirmation is absent. Treat as mildly-toxic and keep away from pets until an ASPCA listing is confirmed. |
| Heuffel's Jovibarba | Jovibarba heuffelii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Jovibarba heuffelii belongs to the Crassulaceae family. Unlike jade plant (Crassula) and Kalanchoe, Jovibarba and Sempervivum are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle has been reported for this genus. |
| Hiba Arborvitae | Thujopsis dolabrata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thujopsis dolabrata is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of the Cupressaceae family, it contains volatile monoterpenes including thujone-related compounds that may cause gastrointestinal irritation in pets if ingested. Treat with the same precautions as Thuja species and prevent pets from browsing foliage. |
| Chinese hibiscus | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Hibiscus rosa-sinensis as non-toxic to dogs and cats, though it lists rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus) as toxic to dogs. Identify the species before relying on safety. |
| Cooper hibiscus | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'Cooper' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Chinese hibiscus) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list. Note this differs from Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus), which is reported as mildly toxic. Large quantities may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Aphrodite rose of Sharon | Hibiscus syriacus 'Aphrodite' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hibiscus syriacus (Rose of Sharon) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. As with any plant, eating large amounts of foliage or flowers may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, but it is not classed as poisonous. |
| Blue Bird rose of Sharon | Hibiscus syriacus 'Oiseau Bleu' (Blue Bird) | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses under Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus). As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset, but no poisoning risk is recognised. |
| Helene rose of Sharon | Hibiscus syriacus 'Helene' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses under Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus). No poisoning risk is recognised, though eating large amounts of any plant may cause minor, passing digestive upset. |
| Minerva rose of Sharon | Hibiscus syriacus 'Minerva' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses under Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus). No poisoning risk is recognised; ingestion of large amounts may, as with any plant, cause mild and temporary stomach upset. |
| Hick's Yew | Taxus x media 'Hicksii' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Japanese yew (Taxus) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are taxine alkaloids (Taxine A and B) plus a volatile oil, present in all parts except the red flesh of the aril; the seeds and foliage are especially dangerous. Signs include trembling, drooling, difficulty breathing, vomiting, dilated pupils, seizures, and sudden death from acute heart failure. Even small amounts can be fatal to pets and livestock; keep clippings well away from animals and seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Hidcote lavender | Lavandula angustifolia 'Hidcote' | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate, causing nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite; cats are especially sensitive due to limited ability to metabolise these compounds. |
| Highland pitcher plant | Nepenthes ventricosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes ventricosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and no Nepenthes species appears on it; the ASPCA's "California Pitcher Plant" entry is a different genus (Darlingtonia californica), so it cannot be cited as evidence that Nepenthes is safe. Because there is no authoritative ASPCA clearance and growers report it can cause mild stomach upset in cats if chewed, treat it as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| False Peyote | Lophophora diffusa | houseplant | Toxic | Treat as toxic to pets. Lophophora diffusa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and although it contains mainly the sedative alkaloid pellotine with only trace mescaline, these psychoactive alkaloids make ingestion unsafe; cats or dogs that eat it may show vomiting, sedation, disorientation, or other neurological signs. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Hilde's Air Plant | Tillandsia hildae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tillandsia is not formally listed by ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Classified here as mildly-toxic given the absent ASPCA listing. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Hildebrands Basket Vine | Aeschynanthus hildebrandii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Aeschynanthus humilis (lipstick plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. A. hildebrandii belongs to the same genus (Gesneriaceae family) and is not known to contain any toxic principles. Gesneriads as a family are generally considered non-toxic. |
| Hill wax plant | Hoya collina | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies the Hoya genus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified. Ingestion of large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hill's Staghorn Fern | Platycerium hillii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists staghorn fern (Platycerium) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is recognised; chewing the leathery fronds may at most cause minor, transient digestive upset. |
| Himalayan Cassiope | Cassiope fastigiata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cassiope fastigiata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic plant database. Given its membership of Ericaceae — a family containing many grayanotoxin-bearing genera — a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied for cats and dogs. Contact a vet if pets ingest any part of the plant. |
| Himalayan cypress | Cupressus torulosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus torulosa is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingesting foliage or cones may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea in cats and dogs, and the aromatic oils and sap can irritate skin. |
| Himalayan Inula | Inula royleana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Inula royleana is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic. No toxic principles are documented for this Himalayan Inula in dogs or cats. The Inula genus within Asteraceae has no known toxicity record; considered low concern for pets. |
| Himalayan pieris | Pieris formosa | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins). Listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by ASPCA. Ingestion causes excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, and potentially death. Seek veterinary help immediately. |
| Himalayan Pieris Wakehurst | Pieris formosa 'Wakehurst' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Pieris formosa contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins). As with all Pieris species, the ASPCA classifies the genus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms of ingestion include hypersalivation, anorexia, vomiting, depression, ataxia, hypotension, and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia. |
| Himalayan Yew | Taxus wallichiana | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. Taxus wallichiana contains taxine alkaloids in all parts except the fleshy red aril — including foliage, bark, and seeds. Ingestion causes potentially fatal cardiac arrest in humans, dogs, cats, and livestock. ASPCA lists all Taxus species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The species is additionally at conservation risk — harvesting bark or material from wild trees is illegal in range countries. Never plant where pets or children can access foliage. |
| Hinds' Torchwood | Bursera hindsiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bursera hindsiana is not individually listed by ASPCA. The plant produces aromatic resins typical of the Burseraceae family. The resinous sap may cause mild skin or mucous membrane irritation on contact. No severe documented toxicity to pets, but ingestion of bark or sap by pets should be treated cautiously. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Hindu rope plant | Hoya carnosa 'Compacta' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya carnosa (as "wax plant," with "Hindu rope plant" given as a common name) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, so the 'Compacta' cultivar is covered by that species-level listing. The milky latex sap is not poisonous but can be mildly irritating to mouths in quantity and may cause drooling or minor stomach upset if a lot is chewed. |
| Hindu rope plant | Hoya carnosa 'Compacta' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya carnosa (the Wax Plant, including the 'krinkle kurl'/Compacta form) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, a finding echoed by NC State Extension. It contains no known toxic principles. The only caveats are a milky latex sap that may irritate latex-sensitive people, and the chance of mild stomach upset if a pet eats large amounts of leaf. |
| Krinkle Kurl | Hoya carnosa 'Compacta' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa), of which 'Compacta' is a cultivar, as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so the Hindu rope is pet-safe. The milky sap can cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity and may irritate skin, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Hinnonmäki Red gooseberry | Ribes uva-crispa 'Hinnonmäki Röd' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes uva-crispa is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and the ripe berries are edible. No toxic principle is associated with gooseberry leaves or fruit. Offer fruit only sparingly to pets, since any sudden quantity of fruit can cause mild digestive upset. |
| Dwarf Hinoki Cypress | Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Gracilis' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic foliage contains volatile oils and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. |
| Hinoki Cypress | Chamaecyparis obtusa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis obtusa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which gives no confirmed non-toxic status. As an unlisted conifer of uncertain stance, treat it with caution: ingestion of conifer foliage commonly causes mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. Keep trimmings away from pets and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Hirsute Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Paphiopedilum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and has no reported toxic principles. Most Orchidaceae evaluated by ASPCA are classified as non-toxic. Nonetheless, ingestion of any plant material should be discouraged. |
| hairy toad lily | Tricyrtis hirta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tricyrtis is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Toad lilies are NOT true lilies (Lilium) and do not pose the severe feline kidney-failure risk of Lilium and Hemerocallis — but they are not confirmed non-toxic either, so prevent pets from chewing and consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Hirtz's Dragon Orchid | Dracula hirtzii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Member of the Orchidaceae family, classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Dracula hirtzii is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known in this genus or family. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild GI upset. |
| Hirtz's Lepanthes | Lepanthes hirtzii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lepanthes belongs to Orchidaceae, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Lepanthes is not individually cited by the ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxic compounds. |
| Histrioides iris | Iris histrioides | flowering | Toxic | Iris histrioides belongs to the genus Iris, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulb is the most toxic part and contains irisin, irisine, terpenoids, and quinones. Ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, salivation, diarrhoea, and lethargy; seek veterinary advice promptly if ingestion occurs. |
| hoary mountain mint | Pycnanthemum incanum | herb | Mildly toxic | Pycnanthemum incanum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. The ASPCA 'mint' entry covers garden mint (Mentha), not this native genus. As a strongly aromatic mint-family herb, a large ingestion could cause gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Hoary Plantain | Plantago media | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Plantago media is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. Plantain species have a long history of herbal use and are generally regarded as non-toxic; however, if a pet consumes large quantities, mild gastrointestinal upset may occur. |
| Hoary Stock | Matthiola incana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Matthiola incana (stock) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified; large ingestions may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Finger Jade | Crassula ovata 'Hobbit' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (jade plant, Crassula ovata). Toxic principle is unknown; reported signs include vomiting, depression/lethargy and incoordination. Keep away from pets. |
| Hogweed | Heracleum sphondylium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains furanocoumarins (psoralens) that cause phytophotodermatitis in mammals; the ASPCA lists the related Giant Hogweed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses with signs including oral and skin ulcerations, blistering, erythema, and vomiting. Common hogweed shares the same compounds at lower concentrations and should be treated as mildly toxic. Wear gloves when handling and prevent pets from chewing the stems or sap. |
| purple torch bromeliad | Hohenbergia stellata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads such as Hohenbergia are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The practical cautions are the toothed leaf margins, which can scratch, and keeping the tank water clean so it does not become a mosquito breeding site; chewed foliage may cause only mild, transient mouth irritation. |
| Holger Juniper | Juniperus squamata 'Holger' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Juniperus / juniper as toxic to cats and dogs. Volatile oils in the foliage and berries can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and kidney irritation if eaten. Keep pets from chewing the plant and seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Holger's Juniper | Juniperus squamata 'Holger' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juniperus species are not formally listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, but multiple veterinary sources note that junipers contain labdane acids (including isocupressic acid) and volatile oils that can cause gastrointestinal irritation — vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort — in dogs and cats. Classify as mildly toxic; contact a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| hollow Joe Pye weed | Eutrochium fistulosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Eutrochium as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hollow-corolla wax plant | Hoya excavata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, citing Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) with no toxic principles. Hoya excavata is not individually listed, but the genus is clean of known toxic species on the ASPCA database. Ingesting large amounts of foliage may still cause mild, transient stomach upset in pets. |
| Hollow-rooted fumewort | Corydalis cava | flowering | Toxic | Like all Corydalis species, C. cava contains isoquinoline alkaloids — notably corydaline, bulbocapnine, and protopine — throughout the tuber, leaves, and flowers. ASPCA lists Corydalis as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; effects include tremors, ataxia, sedation, and cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The hollow tuber is particularly concentrated in alkaloids. Ingestion of any part warrants prompt veterinary attention. |
| Japanese holly fern | Cyrtomium falcatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Holly fern / Japanese holly fern, Cyrtomium falcatum, also listed as Fishtail fern), confirmed directly on the ASPCA plant database. No toxic principle; ingestion may still cause mild, transient GI upset like any houseplant. |
| Hollyhock | Althaea rosea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Althaea rosea (hollyhock) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The plant contains mucilaginous polysaccharides that are harmless; mild GI upset is possible if large amounts are consumed but it is not considered a toxic plant. |
| holm oak | Quercus ilex | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists oak (Quercus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Acorns, buds and young leaves contain tannins (gallotannins/tannic acid); ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and, with large amounts, kidney or liver injury. Holm oak acorns are lower in tannin than many oaks but still warrant caution around pets. |
| Holmgren's Dioon | Dioon holmgrenii | tropical | Toxic | Contains cycasin (a hepatotoxic glucoside) and BMAA neurotoxin throughout all plant tissues, including seeds, leaves, and roots. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or humans causes vomiting, diarrhoea, acute hepatic failure, and potentially fatal neurological damage. Seeds are most dangerous. Zamiaceae cycads are classified as severely toxic by ASPCA. |
| Holmstrup Arborvitae | Thuja occidentalis 'Holmstrup' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja occidentalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and oil contain thujone, which in quantity can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in severe cases neurological signs in dogs and cats. Poisonings are uncommon, but ingestion should be prevented and monitored. |
| Holton's begonia | Begonia holtonis | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses via soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning, excessive salivation, and vomiting. |
| Tulsi | Ocimum tenuiflorum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists culinary basil (Ocimum basilicum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and holy basil (O. tenuiflorum) is a closely related culinary Ocimum with no reported toxic principle. Treat as pet-safe; large quantities may still cause mild GI upset, so moderation is sensible. |
| Emerald Gem | Homalomena rubescens 'Emerald Gem' | houseplant | Toxic | Homalomena is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Shield Plant | Homalomena rubescens 'Maggy' | tropical | Toxic | Homalomena is an aroid (family Araceae) and all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause mouth and throat irritation, intense drooling, difficulty swallowing, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed, and the sap can irritate skin. Homalomena is NOT individually named in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database and no Homalomena species is listed as non-toxic; however, NC State Extension documents it as toxic to dogs and cats, so treat it as toxic and keep it away from pets and children. If ingestion is suspected, contact your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435). |
| Linden's homalomena | Homalomena lindenii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Homalomena is an aroid (Araceae) listed by the ASPCA among plants containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides). Chewing releases the crystals, causing oral pain and irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Maggy homalomena | Homalomena 'Maggy' | tropical | Toxic | Homalomena belongs to the arum family (Araceae), the same toxic group the ASPCA lists for Dieffenbachia, Philodendron and other aroids. Its tissues hold insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; if cats or dogs chew it, expect intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and swelling. Keep out of reach and wash hands after pruning. |
| Selby homalomena | Homalomena 'Selby' | tropical | Toxic | Homalomena is a member of the arum family (Araceae). Like other aroids the ASPCA classifies as toxic (e.g. Dieffenbachia, Philodendron), it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and throat in cats and dogs. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling sap. |
| Selby homalomena | Homalomena sp. 'Selby' | tropical | Toxic | Homalomena is an aroid in the family Araceae and, like its listed relatives, contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; the genus is regarded as toxic to cats and dogs, with chewing causing oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA—treat as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Wallisi Homalomena | Homalomena wallisii | houseplant | Toxic | Homalomena is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs (under the common name Queensland-type aroids). It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Honeoye strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Honeoye' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Strawberry, Fragaria spp.). Fruit and foliage are safe; large amounts of leaf can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep slug baits and chemical sprays out of pets' reach. |
| Honeoye Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Honeoye' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts of the Honeoye strawberry plant are considered safe for pets. |
| Honesty | Lunaria annua | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lunaria annua belongs to the Brassicaceae family and contains glucosinolates, which can irritate mucous membranes and disrupt thyroid function if ingested in quantity. It is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database. Exercise caution around pets that graze on garden plants; ingestion of small amounts is unlikely to cause serious harm but may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Honey garlic | Nectaroscordum siculum | flowering | Toxic | Nectaroscordum siculum belongs to the Allium subfamily (Amaryllidaceae). The ASPCA lists Allium species as toxic to cats and dogs due to thiosulphate and organosulphur compounds that cause oxidative damage to red blood cells (Heinz body haemolytic anaemia), presenting as vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, and pale or discoloured gums. |
| Honeyberry | Lonicera caerulea | edible | Mildly toxic | Lonicera caerulea (honeyberry/haskap) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The ripe fruit is edible and enjoyed by humans. However, the ASPCA lists Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) and the Lonicera genus generally as mildly toxic to dogs and cats, noting that berries can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. As L. caerulea is in the same genus, caution is advised — keep pets from eating the berries in significant quantities. |
| honeyberry | Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica | edible | Mildly toxic | Lonicera caerulea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The blue fruit is edible to people, but many ornamental Lonicera (honeysuckle) berries are not, so do not assume the genus is uniformly pet-safe and keep pets from grazing the plant. |
| Blue Velvet honeyberry | Lonicera caerulea 'Blue Velvet' | edible | Mildly toxic | The blue honeyberries are edible for people, but Lonicera caerulea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Lonicera includes species whose berries cause gastrointestinal upset in pets. Because honeyberry's specific pet status is unconfirmed, treat it with caution as potentially mildly toxic to dogs and cats and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| honeydew | Cucumis melo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucumis melo is not listed by the ASPCA. Flesh is safe in moderation. |
| Honeydew Melon | Cucumis melo var. inodorus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucumis melo (melon) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Honeydew flesh is safe for pets in small quantities. Remove the rind and seeds before offering to pets — the high sugar content means it should only be an occasional treat, particularly for diabetic animals. |
| Honeysuckle Fuchsia | Fuchsia triphylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) is specifically listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are documented for this species. |
| Leafless Dendrobium | Dendrobium aphyllum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: Dendrobium is represented on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list by D. gracilicaule (Leopard Orchid), non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As always, chewing foliage may cause mild GI upset, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Hooded Maxillaria | Maxillaria cucullata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Maxillaria orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Maxillaria cucullata has no documented toxic compounds and is considered safe around household pets. |
| Hooded Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis palliolata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis belongs to the Orchidaceae family, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pleurothallis is not individually assessed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxic principles and shares the family's safe profile. This plant is considered pet-safe, though ingestion of any plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hooded-leaf Pelargonium | Pelargonium cucullatum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Cats are most sensitive to these essential-oil constituents. |
| hoodia | Hoodia gordonii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Hoodia gordonii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although the related stapeliad Stapelia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, Hoodia contains pharmacologically active pregnane steroidal glycosides (including the appetite suppressant P57), and animal studies show toxic clinical signs at high oral doses, so it should NOT be assumed pet-safe. Treat as potentially toxic, keep out of reach of pets and children, and verify with a vet on ingestion. |
| small-flowered hoodia | Hoodia parviflora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Hoodia parviflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like Hoodia gordonii it belongs to a genus containing active pregnane steroidal glycosides, so despite the related Stapelia being ASPCA non-toxic it should not be assumed pet-safe. Treat as potentially toxic, keep away from pets and children, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Hoogendorn Holly | Ilex crenata 'Hoogendorn' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Holly (Ilex species) as toxic to cats and dogs, with saponins as the toxic principle. Ingestion of leaves or berries causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression; keep trimmings and any berries away from pets. |
| red hook sedge | Uncinia rubra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Uncinia rubra is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus is not known to be poisonous and is generally treated as low-risk, but with no explicit ASPCA listing it should be regarded as uncertain; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and the hooked seeds can tangle in fur. Verify with a vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Hooker's Anchomanes | Anchomanes hookeri | tropical | Toxic | Anchomanes hookeri, as an Araceae family member, contains calcium oxalate raphides in all plant parts. Ingestion causes severe oral burning, mucosal swelling, hypersalivation, and gastrointestinal distress in cats, dogs, and humans. ASPCA lists the Araceae family as toxic to cats and dogs. Not safe for households with pets or young children. |
| Hooker's ginger lily | Hedychium hookeri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hedychium coronarium (butterfly ginger) and Hedychium gardnerianum (kahili ginger) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; Hedychium hookeri is a member of the same genus with no identified toxic principles, and is considered non-toxic. |
| Hooker's Holly Fern | Cyrtomium hookerianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Cyrtomium genus is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (confirmed for C. falcatum). C. hookerianum belongs to the same genus and family (Dryopteridaceae) and contains no known toxic principles; it is widely regarded as safe around pets. |
| Hooker's Inula | Inula hookeri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Inula hookeri is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for this Himalayan Inula species in dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxicity; consider low risk for pets. |
| bird's nest anthurium | Anthurium hookeri | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. Its tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides that cause oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets and children and wash hands after handling cut or damaged leaves. |
| Hoop Petticoat Daffodil | Narcissus bulbocodium | flowering | Toxic | All Narcissus species contain lycorine and other alkaloids throughout the plant, with the highest concentration in the bulb. Ingestion causes vomiting, salivation, diarrhoea, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmia in dogs, cats, and horses. ASPCA lists Narcissus (daffodil) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Keep bulbs away from pets. |
| hoop pine | Araucaria cunninghamii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Araucaria (family Araucariaceae, e.g. 'Australian Pine', Araucaria heterophylla) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and the hoop pine belongs to the same genus. It is considered pet-safe, though sharp foliage or ingestion of plant material may still cause mild mechanical irritation or stomach upset. |
| Hoopsii Blue Spruce | Picea pungens 'Hoopsii' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea (spruce) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so pet-safe status is not ASPCA-confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sharp needles and sticky resin can cause oral irritation, drooling and mild vomiting if chewed. |
| Hope Philodendron | Philodendron 'Hope' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves and sap contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary care if ingested. |
| Hope's Cycad | Lepidozamia hopei | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Lepidozamia hopei are severely toxic. The plant contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside), causing liver failure, neurological damage, and death in dogs, cats, and humans. Seeds are the most concentrated source. The ASPCA classifies cycads as toxic to dogs and cats. Emergency veterinary care must be sought immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| Horned tulip | Tulipa acuminata | flowering | Toxic | All Tulipa species are listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principles are Tulipalin A and B (lactones), concentrated most heavily in the bulb. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, and depression; large doses, especially of bulbs, can cause rapid heart rate, breathing difficulty, and tremors. Seek veterinary attention immediately. |
| Horned violet | Viola cornuta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Viola cornuta is not individually listed by name but belongs to the same non-toxic genus with no reported toxic principles. Flowers are edible and commonly used as garnishes. |
| Horombe Clubfoot | Pachypodium horombense | tropical | Toxic | Member of family Apocynaceae, which contains toxic alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in milky latex sap. Ingestion is harmful to dogs, cats, and humans. Pachypodium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but all Apocynaceae — including closely related Adenium, Nerium oleander, and Plumeria — are established pet toxins; treat Pachypodium horombense with the same caution and keep away from pets and children. |
| Horse Crippler Cactus | Echinocactus texensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Echinocactus texensis is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic alkaloids are documented in the genus. The common name reflects the risk from its extremely strong, hooked spines that can penetrate footwear and injure livestock. Pets and small animals are at significant risk of spine injury. Ingestion of plant material may cause gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | herb | Mildly toxic | Mentha species are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to cats and dogs, causing gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) from their essential oils. Horse Mint is not individually listed but belongs to the same genus and contains similar aromatic constituents. Keep pets from consuming large quantities. |
| Horseshoe Vetch | Hippocrepis comosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hippocrepis comosa is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs. As the toxicological status for companion animals is unconfirmed, a mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution. Contact a veterinarian if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Plantain lily | Hosta spp. | flowering | Toxic | Toxic. The ASPCA lists Hosta (Hosta plantaginea, family Liliaceae) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is saponins, and the reported clinical signs — vomiting, diarrhoea and depression — are usually mild and self-limiting. North Carolina State Extension likewise states all parts of the plant are toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Keep grazing or nibbling pets away from plantings, and contact your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center on (888) 426-4435 if a large amount is eaten or signs persist. |
| First Frost hosta | Hosta 'First Frost' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (plantain lily) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is saponins, and ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Hostas do not foam into soap in the stomach despite the common myth, but they do cause genuine gastrointestinal upset, so keep pets away from the foliage. |
| June hosta | Hosta 'June' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (plantain lily) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Despite the soap-related myth, hostas do not foam in the stomach, but they do cause genuine gastrointestinal upset, so keep pets from grazing the leaves. |
| Plantain lily | Hosta 'Patriot' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are saponins; ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Keep pets from grazing the foliage. |
| Plantain lily | Hosta 'Sum and Substance' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are saponins; ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Keep pets from grazing the foliage. |
| Elegans hosta | Hosta sieboldiana 'Elegans' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (plantain lily) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. The plant does not produce soap foam in the stomach as some myths claim, but it does cause real gastrointestinal upset, so prevent pets from eating it. |
| Hosui Asian pear | Pyrus pyrifolia 'Hosui' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pyrus pyrifolia seeds contain amygdalin (cyanogenic glycoside), as do other Rosaceae with stone-fruit-type seeds. ASPCA does not individually list Pyrus pyrifolia, but cyanogenic Rosaceae seeds are considered toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ripe fruit flesh is safe for human consumption. Prevent pets from ingesting seeds, leaves, or bark. |
| Hosui Asian pear | Pyrus pyrifolia 'Hosui' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus pyrifolia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The fruit flesh is non-toxic. Seeds contain trace amygdalin glycosides; avoid feeding seeds intentionally to pets, but incidental contact is not a clinical hazard. |
| Hot and Spicy Oregano | Origanum vulgare 'Hot and Spicy' | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Oregano (Origanum vulgare) as toxic to cats and dogs, with gastrointestinal irritants from its concentrated essential oils causing mild vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep pets from grazing on the plant, and never give oregano essential oil, which cats in particular cannot metabolise. |
| Hottentot Fig | Carpobrotus edulis | edible | Mildly toxic | Carpobrotus edulis is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. The fruits are edible for humans with a salty, astringent, sour flavour and have a long history of food use in South Africa. However, the plant is not formally assessed by ASPCA for pets; large quantities of any succulent may cause gastrointestinal upset in animals. The fruits and leaves are the edible parts; consume ripe fruit in moderation. |
| Hound's Tongue Fern | Microsorum pustulatum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Microsorum pustulatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Microsorum species appears in the ASPCA database. While true ferns (family Polypodiaceae) are generally low-risk, formal safety for this species has not been established by the ASPCA. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution, keep out of reach of pets, and verify with your veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Hound's-tongue | Cynoglossum officinale | flowering | Toxic | Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (heliosupine, cynoglossine) that cause cumulative hepatotoxicity in horses, cattle, and other livestock; the same alkaloids are toxic to dogs and cats, causing liver failure, photosensitisation, and neurological signs. Avoid where browsing animals or pets can access the plant. |
| Houseleek Cliff Stonecrop | Prometheum sempervivoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Prometheum sempervivoides is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus is closely related to Sedum and Sempervivum, both listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. No toxic principle has been documented for Prometheum, and the species is widely considered safe in horticultural literature. |
| Houseleek Rosularia | Rosularia sempervivum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia is in the Crassulaceae family. Unlike jade plants (Crassula) which carry mild toxicity warnings, Rosularia and closely related Sempervivum are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. |
| Houseleek saxifrage | Saxifraga sempervivum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Chameleon Plant | Houttuynia cordata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Houttuynia cordata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Although used as a culinary herb in parts of Asia, the plant contains aristolactams (structural analogues of nephrotoxic aristolochic acid), so it is not assumed pet-safe and ingestion by cats or dogs should be discouraged. |
| Chameleon Houttuynia | Houttuynia cordata 'Chameleon' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Houttuynia cordata, it is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Houttuynia contains aristolactams (analogues of nephrotoxic aristolochic acid), so it should not be assumed pet-safe and pets should be kept from grazing on it. |
| wax plant | Hoya carnosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Hoya as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe trailing plant for pet households. |
| Inner Variegated Wax Plant | Hoya carnosa 'Krimson Princess' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this cultivar is pet-safe. Its milky sap may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity and can irritate skin, so it is still wise to keep pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Variegated Wax Plant | Hoya carnosa 'Krimson Queen' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this cultivar is pet-safe. The milky sap can cause mild stomach upset if a pet eats a lot, and the sap may irritate skin, so it is sensible to discourage chewing even though it is not poisonous. |
| Hoya Mathilde | Hoya carnosa × serpens 'Mathilde' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya 'Mathilde' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya carnosa (wax plant) and Hoya kerrii (sweetheart hoya) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no Hoya species listed as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe, though nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset, and the milky latex sap may irritate latex-sensitive people. Verify with your vet if your pet has eaten any. |
| Mathilde Hoya | Hoya 'Mathilde' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Hoya genus (wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so this carnosa x serpens hybrid is considered pet-safe; eating large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and keep freshly fertilised plants away from pets. |
| Sunrise Hoya | Hoya 'Sunrise' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Hoya genus (wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so this hybrid is considered pet-safe; as with any houseplant, eating a large quantity may cause mild stomach upset, and keep recently fertilised plants out of reach. |
| Acuta Hoya | Hoya acuta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya acuta is considered safe; large quantities of any plant matter may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| lance-leaf hoya | Hoya lanceolata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya is classified non-toxic under Wax Plant / Sweetheart Hoya). As with any plant, large quantities of chewed foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Aldrichii Hoya | Hoya aldrichii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus (e.g. Hoya carnosa, wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list and no toxic principle is recorded. Eating leaves may still cause mild stomach upset from fibre, so discourage pets from chewing. |
| Archbold's Hoya | Hoya archboldiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the Hoya genus (Wax Plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and no Hoya species contains known poisonous compounds. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, and the milky sap may briefly irritate the mouth. |
| Wax plant | Hoya australis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs (e.g. Hoya carnosa 'Wax Plant' and Hoya kerrii 'Sweetheart Hoya'); H. australis itself is not individually listed but belongs to this non-toxic genus. Its milky latex sap can mildly irritate skin and is best kept away from sensitive pets, so wear gloves when pruning. |
| Variegated wax plant | Hoya australis 'Lisa' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya australis 'Lisa' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists Hoya genus members - Hoya carnosa 'krinkle kurl' (wax plant) and Hoya kerrii (sweetheart hoya) - as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Hoya species listed as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe; verify with your vet, and note that ingesting large amounts may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Hoya bella | Hoya lanceolata subsp. bella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, listing related species such as Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa) and Sweetheart Hoya (Hoya kerrii) as non-toxic. Hoya lanceolata subsp. bella is not listed individually by name, but no Hoya species is recorded as toxic. The milky sap may cause mild mouth irritation or stomach upset if large amounts are chewed. |
| variegated miniature wax plant | Hoya bella 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the wax plant, Hoya carnosa, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Hoya bella 'Variegata' belongs to this genus and shares the pet-safe stance; eating large quantities of any houseplant may still cause mild digestive upset. |
| Bilobata wax plant | Hoya bilobata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya bilobata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists related Hoya species — 'Wax Plant' (Hoya carnosa) and 'Sweetheart Hoya' (Hoya kerrii) — as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no Hoya appears on its toxic list, so it is regarded as pet-safe. Because it is not itself listed, confirm with your vet if concerned; the milky sap may cause mild, temporary stomach upset if a pet chews the leaves. |
| Blasher-Naez' hoya | Hoya blashernaezii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and blashernaezii is a member of this safe genus. No toxic principle is reported for hoyas, making it pet-friendly. Discourage chewing regardless, since ingesting any plant material can occasionally upset a pet's stomach. |
| Burtoniae Hoya | Hoya burtoniae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus (Hoya carnosa, wax plant/wax flower) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list with no recorded toxic principle. Chewing may still cause minor stomach upset from plant fibre, so discourage grazing pets. |
| Cagayan hoya | Hoya cagayanensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and cagayanensis belongs to this safe genus. No toxic principle is reported for hoyas, making it pet-friendly. Discourage chewing all the same, since eating any plant material can occasionally cause mild stomach upset. |
| Hoya callistophylla | Hoya callistophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered pet-safe. Hoya callistophylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya members such as Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no toxic Hoya species listed. Eating any plant may still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if your pet ingests a large amount. |
| Calycina Hoya | Hoya calycina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Hoya calycina is considered safe. Large quantities of ingested plant material may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| bell hoya | Hoya campanulata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Hoya genus is classified non-toxic under Wax Plant / Sweetheart Hoya). Eating a large amount of leaves may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Rubra Wax Plant | Hoya carnosa 'Rubra' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya carnosa and the Hoya genus are classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, making 'Rubra' a safe choice for pet households; the milky sap may cause minor irritation if chewed, but it is not poisonous. |
| Tricolor wax plant | Hoya carnosa 'Tricolor' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya carnosa (as "Wax Plant") as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, and 'Tricolor' is a cultivar of that same species. The Hoya genus is clean on the ASPCA database (Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii both non-toxic, with no toxic members listed), so it is considered pet-safe; as always, discourage nibbling and verify with your vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Variegated Wax Plant | Hoya carnosa 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya carnosa and the wider Hoya genus are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this variegated form is pet-safe. There is no recognised toxic principle, though, as with any houseplant, eating it may cause minor digestive upset. |
| Caudata Sumatra hoya | Hoya caudata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya caudata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Hoya genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa) and Sweetheart Hoya (Hoya kerrii) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no Hoya listed as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe; eating any plant can still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if concerned. |
| Celata Hoya | Hoya celata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the Hoya genus (Wax Plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list and Hoya celata holds no recognised toxic compound. Chewing may still produce mild gastrointestinal upset, and the milky sap can cause brief oral irritation. |
| Chouke Hoya | Hoya 'Chouke' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Hoya (Wax Plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and this Hoya selection carries no known toxic principle. Nibbling may still cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, and the milky sap can produce brief oral irritation. |
| Cinnamon-Leaved Hoya | Hoya cinnamomifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Hoya (Wax Plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and Hoya cinnamomifolia contains no known toxic principle. As with any houseplant, nibbling can prompt mild gastrointestinal upset, and the milky sap may briefly irritate the mouth or skin. |
| Clemens' hoya | Hoya clemensiorum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (wax plant), so Hoya clemensiorum is considered pet-safe. Ingestion may still cause minor digestive upset, so it is best to keep pets from chewing the leaves. |
| Hindu Rope Plant | Hoya compacta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya is on the ASPCA's non-toxic plants list, making this a pet-friendly choice. As with any plant, nibbling may cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Variegated Hindu Rope Plant | Hoya compacta 'Regalis' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya carnosa (of which 'Compacta' is a cultivar) and the wider Hoya genus are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this variegated Hindu rope is pet-safe. No recognised toxic principle; ingestion may at most cause mild stomach upset. |
| leathery hoya | Hoya coriacea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya is classified non-toxic under Wax Plant / Sweetheart Hoya). Ingesting a large quantity of foliage can still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Yellow Cuming's Hoya | Hoya cumingiana 'Yellow' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and this cumingiana selection is considered safe. Eating large amounts of any plant can still trigger mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Cummingiana Hoya | Hoya cummingiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus (e.g. Hoya carnosa, wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list with no recorded toxic principle. Nibbling may still cause mild gastric upset from fibre, so discourage pets from chewing. |
| Tiny Leaf Hoya | Hoya curtisii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya curtisii is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no Hoya species listed as toxic. As with any plant, ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Danum Valley hoya | Hoya danumensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya danumensis is considered pet-safe. As with any houseplant, chewing may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from nibbling. |
| David Cumming's hoya | Hoya davidcummingii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (wax plant), so Hoya davidcummingii is considered pet-safe. As always, eating any houseplant may cause mild stomach upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| Deyke's hoya | Hoya deykeae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Hoya genus is classified non-toxic under Wax Plant / Sweetheart Hoya). Chewing a large amount of foliage may still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Two-Winged Hoya | Hoya diptera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Hoya (Wax Plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and Hoya diptera carries no known toxic principle. Ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset, and the milky latex can briefly irritate skin or mouth, so discourage chewing. |
| Elliptica Hoya | Hoya elliptica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus (e.g. Hoya carnosa, wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list with no recorded toxic principle. Chewing leaves may still cause minor stomach upset from fibre, so discourage grazing pets. |
| Engleriana Hoya | Hoya engleriana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a member of the genus Hoya, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs, Hoya engleriana is considered pet-safe. It carries no recognised toxic principle, though ingesting any plant material can cause mild stomach upset. |
| red-veined hoya | Hoya erythrina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and erythrina belongs to this safe genus. No toxic principle is reported for hoyas, so it is suitable for pet households. Discourage chewing regardless, as ingesting any plant material can occasionally upset a pet's stomach. |
| Red-Stamened Hoya | Hoya erythrostemma | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Hoya erythrostemma is regarded as safe. Eating a large amount of plant material may still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fitch's hoya | Hoya fitchii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (wax plant), so Hoya fitchii is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild stomach upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| Flagellata Hoya | Hoya flagellata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (as wax plant/Hoya). Considered safe around pets, though any plant may cause mild stomach upset if a curious animal eats a large amount. |
| yellow hoya | Hoya flavida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Hoya genus is classified non-toxic under Wax Plant / Sweetheart Hoya). Large amounts of chewed leaves may still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fraterna Hoya | Hoya fraterna | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (wax plant). Safe around household pets, with at most mild, transient GI upset possible if a large quantity is chewed. |
| Hoya fungii | Hoya fungii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya fungii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists Hoya genus members such as Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with no Hoya species flagged as toxic. It is considered pet-safe, though eating any plant can cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if your pet is sensitive. |
| Fusca Hoya | Hoya fusca | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus (Hoya carnosa, wax plant/wax flower) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and no toxic principle is recorded for Hoya. Eating leaves may still cause mild stomach upset from fibre, so discourage pets from chewing. |
| slender-stalked hoya | Hoya gracilipes | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and gracilipes belongs to this safe genus. No toxic principle is reported for hoyas, so it is appropriate for homes with pets. Still discourage nibbling, as ingestion of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Gracilis Hoya | Hoya gracilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (wax plant). Sold widely as Hoya gracilis/memoria, it is considered pet-safe, with only mild stomach upset possible from eating a lot. |
| Greenii Hoya | Hoya greenii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (wax plant). Treated as pet-safe at the genus level, with at most mild GI upset possible if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Griffith's hoya | Hoya griffithii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya is classified non-toxic under Wax Plant / Sweetheart Hoya). Ingesting a large quantity of leaves can still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Halcon hoya | Hoya halconensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and halconensis belongs to this safe genus. No toxic principle is reported for hoyas, making it appropriate for homes with pets. Discourage nibbling regardless, since eating any plant material can occasionally cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hoya heuschkeliana | Hoya heuschkeliana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya heuschkeliana is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but the Hoya genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no toxic Hoya members. It is therefore considered pet-safe; as always, verify with your vet, since any plant material can cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Imperial Hoya | Hoya imperialis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya is included on the ASPCA's non-toxic plants list, so the Imperial Hoya is pet-friendly. Ingesting large quantities of any houseplant can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing. |
| Incrassata Hoya | Hoya incrassata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (wax plant). Considered pet-safe, with only mild, temporary stomach upset possible if a pet ingests a large amount of foliage. |
| Javan Hoya | Hoya javanica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (wax plant). Treated as pet-safe at the genus level, with at most mild stomach upset possible if a curious pet eats a large amount. |
| Hoya kentiana | Hoya kentiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya kentiana is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database; however, the genus is clean — ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no toxic Hoya species listed. Treated as pet-safe, but verify with your vet, as nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Krimson Princess wax plant | Hoya carnosa 'Krimson Princess' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Hoya carnosa (as "Wax Plant") as non-toxic to both dogs and cats, and 'Krimson Princess' is a variegated cultivar of that species; the Sweetheart Hoya (Hoya kerrii) is also ASPCA-listed non-toxic, so the genus is clean. Eating large amounts may still cause mild stomach upset - verify with your vet if your pet ingests any plant. |
| Krimson Queen wax plant | Hoya carnosa 'Krimson Queen' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The 'Krimson Queen' cultivar is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but its species, Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant), is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and the genus is clean (Hoya kerrii / Sweetheart Hoya is also listed non-toxic, with no toxic Hoya members). It is considered pet-safe; as always, discourage nibbling and verify with your vet if your pet has eaten a large amount. |
| Cinnamon Hoya | Hoya lacunosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya lacunosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database; however, the genus is clean — ASPCA lists Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with no Hoya species listed as toxic. Treated as pet-safe, but eating large amounts of any plant can cause mild GI upset, so verify with your vet if your pet is sensitive. |
| Eskimo Hoya | Hoya lacunosa 'Eskimo' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya lacunosa 'Eskimo' is considered pet-safe. There is no recognised toxic principle; ingestion may cause at most mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Lamb's hoya | Hoya lambii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and lambii belongs to this safe genus. No toxic principle is reported for hoyas, so it is suitable for pet households. Discourage chewing regardless, as ingesting any plant material can occasionally cause mild stomach upset. |
| Broad-Leaved Hoya | Hoya latifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Hoya latifolia is regarded as safe. Eating a large amount of leaf material may still cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset. |
| Lauterbachii Hoya | Hoya lauterbachii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus (e.g. Hoya carnosa, wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list and no toxic principle is recorded for Hoya. Mild stomach upset from chewing fibre is still possible, so discourage pets from nibbling. |
| Leucorhoda Hoya | Hoya leucorhoda | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, e.g. Hoya carnosa as wax plant/wax flower). No toxic principle is recorded; nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset simply from plant fibre, so discourage grazing. |
| Wax plant | Hoya linearis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya linearis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but ASPCA lists related Hoya — 'Wax Plant' (Hoya carnosa) and 'Sweetheart Hoya' (Hoya kerrii) — as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no Hoya appears on its toxic list, so it is regarded as pet-safe. As it is not itself listed, confirm with your vet if concerned; the milky sap may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Lobb's Hoya | Hoya lobbii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya lobbii is regarded as pet-safe. There is no recognised toxic principle, though, as with any houseplant, ingestion may cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Loyce Andrews Hoya | Hoya loyceandrewsiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (wax plant). Considered pet-safe, with only mild, temporary GI upset possible if a pet chews a large quantity of foliage. |
| Wax plant | Hoya macrophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya macrophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but the Hoya genus is treated as clean: ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with no Hoya listed as toxic. It is considered pet-safe; as with any plant, ingestion can still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if your pet has sensitivities. |
| Variegated Big Leaf Hoya | Hoya macrophylla 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Hoya genus (wax plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so this macrophylla cultivar is considered pet-safe; as with any plant, a pet eating a large amount may experience mild stomach upset, and keep recently fertilised plants out of reach. |
| map-pattern hoya | Hoya mappigera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya as a genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya mappigera is regarded as pet-safe. Ingestion may still cause minor gastrointestinal upset, so prevent pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Honey Hoya | Hoya meliflua | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list (wax plant). Considered pet-safe, with at most mild, transient stomach upset possible if a pet eats a large amount of foliage. |
| Hoya memoria | Hoya gracilis (syn. Hoya memoria) | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya gracilis (memoria) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists genus members "Wax Plant" (Hoya carnosa) and "Sweetheart Hoya" (Hoya kerrii) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no Hoya appears on its toxic list, so it is regarded as pet-safe; verify with your vet if concerned. The milky latex sap can irritate sensitive skin and may cause mild, temporary stomach upset if chewed. |
| small-flowered hoya | Hoya micrantha | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the wax plant, Hoya carnosa, appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Hoya micrantha shares this genus stance and is considered pet-safe, though any plant material can cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Mindorensis Hoya | Hoya mindorensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya is on the ASPCA's non-toxic plants list, so this red-centred wax plant is a pet-friendly choice. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild digestive upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Mitrata Hoya | Hoya mitrata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list (e.g. Hoya as wax plant), so Hoya mitrata is considered safe around pets. Curious nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage browsing. |
| New Guinea Hoya | Hoya neoguineensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Hoya (wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so Hoya neoguineensis is regarded as pet-safe. Eating large amounts of any houseplant can still cause mild GI upset, so prevent persistent chewing. |
| Nicholson's Hoya | Hoya nicholsoniae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Hoya nicholsoniae is regarded as safe. Ingesting a large amount of any plant matter may still cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset. |
| Coin-Leaved Wax Plant | Hoya nummularia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Hoya (Wax Plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list and Hoya nummularia holds no known toxic principle. Nibbling can still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, and the milky sap may briefly irritate the mouth, so discourage chewing. |
| Wax plant | Hoya obovata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list Hoya obovata by name, but it lists related species in the genus — "Wax Plant" (Hoya carnosa) and "Sweetheart Hoya" (Hoya kerrii) — as Non-Toxic to dogs and cats with non-toxic principles. Hoya is widely regarded as pet-safe, though ingesting large amounts of any plant can cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Fragrant Hoya | Hoya odorata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Hoya genus is on the ASPCA's non-toxic plants list, so this fragrant wax plant is pet-friendly. Eating large amounts of any plant can still cause mild digestive upset, so discourage chewing. |
| claw hoya | Hoya onychoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya onychoides is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| thick-stemmed hoya | Hoya pachyclada | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, and pachyclada is part of this safe genus, making it a sensible choice for homes with curious pets. As always, discourage chewing, since any plant material can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Pallida Hoya | Hoya pallida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya (wax plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so Hoya pallida is considered safe around pets. As with any plant, excessive nibbling may cause mild digestive upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Fiddle-Leaf Hoya | Hoya pandurata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Hoya pandurata is regarded as safe. As with any houseplant, ingesting large amounts may cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset. |
| Small-Flowered Hoya | Hoya parviflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Hoya (wax plant) is included on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so Hoya parviflora is regarded as pet-safe. Eating large quantities of any houseplant can cause mild stomach upset, so prevent habitual nibbling. |
| Patella Hoya | Hoya patella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya (wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so Hoya patella is considered safe around pets. Excessive nibbling of any houseplant may cause mild GI upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Paxton's hoya | Hoya paxtonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Hoya genus is classified non-toxic under Wax Plant / Sweetheart Hoya). A large amount of chewed foliage may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Five-Veined Hoya | Hoya pentaphlebia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Hoya (wax plant) is included on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so Hoya pentaphlebia is regarded as pet-safe. Eating large amounts of any houseplant can still cause mild stomach upset, so prevent persistent chewing. |
| Painted Hoya | Hoya picta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Hoya (wax plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so Hoya picta is considered pet-safe. As with any houseplant, eating large amounts may cause mild digestive upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Fishtail Hoya | Hoya polyneura | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya polyneura is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya members such as Sweetheart Hoya (H. kerrii), Wax Plant (H. carnosa), H. australis and H. pubicalyx as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with none listed as toxic. Considered pet-safe; as always, verify with your vet, and note that eating any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Pots' hoya | Hoya potsii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya carnosa, the wax plant, appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Hoya potsii inherits this genus-level stance and is regarded as pet-safe, although ingesting large amounts of any foliage may cause transient stomach upset. |
| Praetor's hoya | Hoya praetorii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya praetorii is treated as pet-safe. Chewing leaves can still upset a pet's stomach, so it is best kept out of reach of determined nibblers. |
| Pubescent Hoya | Hoya pubescens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Hoya (wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so Hoya pubescens is regarded as pet-safe. Eating large amounts of any houseplant can still cause mild GI upset, so prevent persistent nibbling. |
| Wax plant | Hoya pubicalyx | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists wax plants in the genus Hoya as non-toxic to cats and dogs, including Hoya carnosa 'krinkle kurl' (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya); NC State Extension specifically lists Hoya pubicalyx as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. As with any plant, a pet eating a large amount may get mild, temporary stomach upset, but it contains no known dangerous toxins. |
| Black Dragon Hoya | Hoya pubicalyx 'Black Dragon' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya (wax plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so this pubicalyx cultivar is treated as pet-safe; eating large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and keep freshly fertilised plants away from pets. |
| Pink Silver Hoya | Hoya pubicalyx 'Pink Silver' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya pubicalyx 'Pink Silver' is pet-safe. There is no recognised toxic principle; at most, eating the foliage could cause mild, short-lived digestive upset. |
| Red Buttons Hoya | Hoya pubicalyx 'Red Buttons' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya pubicalyx 'Red Buttons' is considered pet-safe. It has no recognised toxic principle; ingestion may at most cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Royal Hawaiian Hoya | Hoya pubicalyx 'Royal Hawaiian Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya (wax plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so this pubicalyx cultivar is regarded as pet-safe; large nibbles may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and keep freshly fertilised plants away from curious pets. |
| Silver Pink hoya | Hoya pubicalyx 'Silver Pink' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya carnosa, the wax plant, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Hoya pubicalyx 'Silver Pink' is a cultivar of this genus and shares the pet-safe stance; large ingestions may still cause minor, transient stomach upset. |
| Splash Wax Plant | Hoya pubicalyx 'Splash' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya (wax plant) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so this pubicalyx cultivar is considered safe; as with any plant, a pet eating large amounts may get mild stomach upset, and keep recently fertilised plants out of reach. |
| Rebecca Hoya | Hoya 'Rebecca' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the Hoya genus (Wax Plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and this lacunosa x obscura hybrid inherits no toxic principle. Ingestion may cause only mild, passing gastrointestinal upset, and the milky sap can briefly irritate the mouth. |
| Grass-leaved hoya | Hoya retusa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya retusa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but related Hoya species — 'Wax Plant' (Hoya carnosa) and 'Sweetheart Hoya' (Hoya kerrii) — are ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no Hoya is on the toxic list, so it is regarded as pet-safe. As it is not individually listed, confirm with your vet if concerned; the milky sap may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| revolute hoya | Hoya revoluta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya is classified non-toxic under Wax Plant / Sweetheart Hoya). Eating a large quantity of leaves may still cause mild, passing stomach upset. |
| Rigid Hoya | Hoya rigida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya, including wax plant Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii, is classified non-toxic). Large amounts of any leaf may still cause mild, mechanical stomach upset such as vomiting, but it is not poisonous. |
| Rosario's Hoya | Hoya rosarioae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya is classified non-toxic, with wax plant Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii both listed). Eating large amounts of foliage may cause mild, non-toxic gastrointestinal upset, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| Rosita hoya | Hoya rosita | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (wax plant), so Hoya Rosita is considered pet-safe. Ingestion may still cause mild digestive upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Variegated Round-Flowered Hoya | Hoya rotundiflora 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the Hoya genus (Wax Plant) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and the variegated rotundiflora carries no toxic principle - variegation does not alter toxicity. Ingestion may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and the milky sap can briefly irritate the mouth. |
| Sarawak hoya | Hoya sarawakensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the wax plant, Hoya carnosa, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Hoya sarawakensis shares this genus stance and is considered pet-safe; as with any houseplant, eating large amounts may cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Scortechinii Hoya | Hoya scortechinii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya is classified non-toxic, including wax plant Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii). Ingesting a lot of foliage can cause mild, mechanical stomach upset such as vomiting, but it is not poisonous. |
| Hoya sigillatis | Hoya sigillatis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya sigillatis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Hoya genus is clean: ASPCA individually lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no Hoya listed as toxic. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild stomach upset; verify with your vet if your pet has eaten a large amount. |
| Siikfongensis Hoya | Hoya siikfongensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya, including wax plant Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii, is classified non-toxic). Large quantities of leaf may cause mild, non-toxic gastrointestinal upset, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| Sipitang hoya | Hoya sipitangensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya carnosa, the wax plant, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Hoya sipitangensis shares this genus-level stance and is considered pet-safe; as with any plant, eating large amounts can cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| nightshade-flower hoya | Hoya solaniflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya carnosa, the wax plant, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Despite the 'nightshade-flower' common name, this is a true Hoya, not a Solanum, and shares the genus pet-safe stance; large ingestions may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Spartioides Hoya | Hoya spartioides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya, including wax plant Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii, is classified non-toxic). Even though it is leafless, the stems are not poisonous; large amounts could cause mild, mechanical stomach upset at most. |
| Subcalva Hoya | Hoya subcalva | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya, including wax plant Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii, is classified non-toxic). Eating large amounts of leaf may cause mild, non-toxic gastrointestinal upset, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| Hoya Sunrise | Hoya 'Sunrise' (lacunosa x obscura) | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This hybrid is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Hoya genus is clean: ASPCA-listed members wax plant (Hoya carnosa) and sweetheart hoya (Hoya kerrii) are both non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic Hoya entries, and both parents (lacunosa, obscura) are Hoyas. Generally considered pet-safe; verify with your vet if your pet ingests any plant. |
| Surigao hoya | Hoya surigaoensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (wax plant), so Hoya surigaoensis is considered pet-safe. As with any houseplant, ingestion may cause mild stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Sussuela Hoya | Hoya sussuela | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya, including wax plant Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii, is classified non-toxic). Large amounts of foliage may cause mild, non-toxic stomach upset such as vomiting, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| Telosmoides Hoya | Hoya telosmoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Hoya telosmoides is considered safe. As with any houseplant, eating large amounts may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Tsangii Hoya | Hoya tsangii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus (Hoya carnosa, wax plant/wax flower) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list with no recorded toxic principle. Chewing leaves may still cause minor gastric upset from fibre, so discourage grazing pets. |
| wavy-leaf hoya | Hoya undulata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and undulata belongs to this safe genus. No toxic principle is reported for hoyas, so it is suitable for pet households. Even so, discourage pets from chewing the foliage, as any plant can cause mild digestive upset. |
| Vitellinoides Hoya | Hoya vitellinoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (entries for Wax Plant and Sweetheart Hoya). No toxic principle is identified. As with any houseplant, ingesting large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset, and the milky sap can be slightly irritating, so casual nibbling is still best discouraged. |
| Fijian Hoya | Hoya vitiensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Hoya, including wax plant Hoya carnosa and Hoya kerrii, is classified non-toxic). Ingesting large amounts of leaf may cause mild, non-toxic gastrointestinal upset, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| Wallich's hoya | Hoya wallichii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the wax plant, Hoya carnosa, appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list). Hoya wallichii shares this genus stance and is considered pet-safe; as with any plant, consuming large amounts can cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Wallin's Hoya | Hoya walliniana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Hoya (wax plants) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Hoya walliniana is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild stomach upset, but it contains no recognised toxic principle. |
| Wax plant | Hoya wayetii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya wayetii is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no toxic Hoya members. It is considered pet-safe, though the milky sap or large amounts of leaf can cause mild stomach upset; verify with your vet if your pet ingests any. |
| Huang Qi | Astragalus membranaceus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astragalus membranaceus is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. The genus Astragalus is large and some wild species (notably locoweed species such as A. lentiginosus, A. mollissimus) in the western US contain swainsonine and are severely toxic to livestock. However, A. membranaceus (the TCM adaptogen) does not contain swainsonine and is widely used in human supplementation without veterinary toxicity concerns being raised for this specific species. Garden contact is low risk, but keep concentrated root preparations away from pets. |
| Hubbard Squash | Cucurbita maxima 'Hubbard' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita squash, including Hubbard types, are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. The flesh, skin, and seeds are safe. Large volumes of raw seeds or rind may cause mild digestive upset but are not poisonous. |
| thinleaf huckleberry | Vaccinium membranaceum | edible | Mildly toxic | Vaccinium membranaceum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; the genus has no recognised systemic toxin and the berries are edible to people, but eating plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| short-snouted huernia | Huernia brevirostris | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Huernia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Though its close stapeliad relatives Stapelia and Orbea are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, this genus has no specific ASPCA entry, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe; discourage pets from chewing it. |
| porcupine huernia | Huernia hystrix | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Huernia is a stapeliad in the family Apocynaceae - which also contains genuinely cardiotoxic plants - and reports on its pet safety conflict. Treat with caution, keep it out of reach, and verify with a vet if a pet chews it; ingestion may cause mild mouth or gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Kenya huernia | Huernia keniensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Huernia (a stapeliad in Apocynaceae, a family that includes cardiotoxic species), its pet-safety status is unconfirmed and sources disagree. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet on ingestion; chewing may cause mild oral or digestive upset. |
| large-fruited huernia | Huernia macrocarpa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Huernia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a milkweed-family (Apocynaceae) succulent its sap may cause mild irritation if chewed, and it should not be asserted as pet-safe without an ASPCA listing. Keep pets from nibbling the stems. |
| Pillans' huernia | Huernia pillansii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Huernia belongs to the stapeliad group within Apocynaceae, a family that contains cardiotoxic plants, and stapeliad pet-safety reports conflict. Treat as uncertain, keep out of reach, and verify with a vet if chewed; ingestion may cause mild mouth or stomach irritation. |
| red dragon flower | Huernia schneideriana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Huernia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its stapeliad relatives Stapelia and Orbea are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, but this genus lacks a specific ASPCA entry, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe; discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Thuret's huernia | Huernia thuretii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Huernia is a stapeliad in Apocynaceae, a family that includes cardiotoxic species, and pet-safety reports for stapeliads conflict. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet on ingestion; chewing may cause mild oral or gastrointestinal upset. |
| owl eyes | Huernia zebrina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Huernia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although its close stapeliad relatives Stapelia and Orbea are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, this genus has no specific ASPCA entry, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe; discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Humboldt's bladderwort | Utricularia humboldtii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Utricularia is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. U. humboldtii contains no known toxic compounds; the bladder traps are a purely mechanical capture mechanism targeting micro-organisms. |
| sunset hyssop | Agastache rupestris | herb | Mildly toxic | Agastache rupestris is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The related anise hyssop, Agastache foeniculum, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, but this species is not specifically cleared, and its aromatic essential oils could cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Floating bladderwort | Utricularia gibba | tropical | Mildly toxic | Utricularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a submerged aquatic plant it is rarely accessible to pets, but do not assume it is safe. |
| common hop | Humulus lupulus | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists hops (Humulus lupulus) as toxic to dogs. Ingestion of hops — fresh, pellet, or spent brewing material — can trigger a malignant hyperthermia-like reaction with panting, dangerously high body temperature, vomiting, agitation, rapid heart rate, seizures and death. Keep all plant material and spent hops well away from dogs; contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control immediately on ingestion. |
| golden hops | Humulus lupulus 'Aureus' | flowering | Toxic | As a cultivar of Humulus lupulus, golden hops carries the same hazard the ASPCA records for hops: toxic to dogs, where ingestion can cause a malignant hyperthermia-like crisis with severe hyperthermia, panting, vomiting, agitation, tremors, seizures and death. Keep plant material and any spent hops away from dogs and seek veterinary or ASPCA Poison Control help immediately if eaten. |
| Hungarian Barren Strawberry | Waldsteinia geoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Waldsteinia geoides is in the Rosaceae family and has no reported toxic principles. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Waldsteinia genus has no known toxicity to dogs, cats, or humans. The dry, inedible achene fruits are not a poisoning concern. Considered safe, though individual ASPCA listing is absent. |
| Hungarian Oak | Quercus frainetto | flowering | Mildly toxic | Quercus species (oaks) contain gallotannins in leaves, bark, and acorns, which are toxic to horses, cattle, and can cause gastrointestinal upset and kidney damage in dogs if large quantities of acorns or young leaves are ingested. ASPCA lists oaks as toxic to dogs and horses. Cats rarely consume plant material but the risk applies. Keep acorn access limited for dogs. |
| Hungarian wax pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Hungarian Wax' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum annuum (the Hungarian wax chile) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, so pet-safe status cannot be affirmatively claimed; the ASPCA 'Ornamental Pepper' listing applies to Solanum pseudocapsicum, a different plant. Capsaicin in these hot pods is a strong mucous-membrane and GI irritant to cats and dogs, so treat with caution, keep pods and foliage away from pets, and consult a vet if any is eaten. |
| huron sunrise maiden grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Huron Sunrise' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat its status as uncertain and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety. The realistic risk is mechanical — sharp blade edges and seed awns can injure mouths or paws, and eating grass can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Husk Tomato | Physalis pubescens | edible | Mildly toxic | Physalis pubescens belongs to Solanaceae. Unripe fruits, leaves, and stems contain solanine-type glycoalkaloids, which can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, and GI upset in dogs and cats. Ripe golden fruits are generally considered safe for humans but the green plant parts should be kept away from pets. Not individually listed by ASPCA; caution is warranted. |
| Dutch hyacinth | Hyacinthus orientalis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hyacinthus orientalis as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to alkaloids (lycorine) concentrated in the bulb. Causes vomiting, drooling, and tremors; sap causes skin irritation. |
| Hyacinth bean | Dolichos lablab | edible | Mildly toxic | Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. However, raw and mature dried seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides and should not be eaten without thorough cooking (multiple boils in fresh water). In pets, ingestion of raw seeds or large quantities of any plant part could cause vomiting, weakness, and laboured breathing. Young pods, leaves, and flowers are safe when cooked. Always keep raw pods and dried seeds away from pets and children. |
| Carnegie hyacinth | Hyacinthus orientalis 'Carnegie' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hyacinthus orientalis as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulb holds the highest concentration of toxic alkaloids and oxalate compounds; ingestion causes intense vomiting, hypersalivation and diarrhoea, with depression and tremors at higher doses. Bulb oxalate crystals can also irritate human skin. |
| City of Haarlem hyacinth | Hyacinthus orientalis 'City of Haarlem' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hyacinthus orientalis as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic alkaloids and oxalate compounds concentrate in the bulb; ingestion causes severe vomiting, drooling and diarrhoea, with depression and tremors at larger doses. The bulb's oxalate crystals can also irritate human skin on handling. |
| Delft Blue hyacinth | Hyacinthus orientalis 'Delft Blue' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hyacinthus orientalis as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulbs are richest in the toxic alkaloids and oxalate-bearing compounds; ingestion causes intense vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea and, with large amounts, depression and tremors. Handling bulbs can also irritate skin (oxalate crystals). |
| Jan Bos hyacinth | Hyacinthus orientalis 'Jan Bos' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hyacinthus orientalis as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulb holds the highest concentration of toxic alkaloids and oxalate compounds; ingestion causes intense vomiting, drooling and diarrhoea, with depression and tremors at higher doses. Bulb oxalate crystals can also irritate human skin. |
| Woodstock hyacinth | Hyacinthus orientalis 'Woodstock' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hyacinthus orientalis as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic alkaloids and oxalate compounds concentrate in the bulb; ingestion causes severe vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea and, in quantity, depression and tremors. The oxalate crystals in the bulbs can also irritate human skin on handling. |
| Hybrid mandevilla | Mandevilla x amabilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Hybrid trumpet vine | Campsis x tagliabuana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campsis radicans (the parent species) is not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA, but all parts of the plant — particularly the sap — can cause contact dermatitis and mild skin irritation in humans and animals. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Wear gloves when pruning. |
| mophead hydrangea | Hydrangea macrophylla | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to cyanogenic glycosides. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. |
| Smooth Hydrangea | Hydrangea arborescens 'Annabelle' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The leaves, buds and flowers contain the cyanogenic glycoside hydrangin, which can release cyanide when chewed. Ingestion usually causes vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. Keep prunings, dried heads and fallen petals out of pets' reach. |
| Endless Summer hydrangea | Hydrangea macrophylla 'Bailmer' (Endless Summer) | flowering | Toxic | Toxic. The ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is cyanogenic glycoside concentrated in leaves and flowers. Ingestion typically causes vomiting, depression, and diarrhoea; large amounts can risk cyanide toxicity. Keep pets from chewing the foliage and blooms. |
| Endless Summer Hydrangea | Hydrangea macrophylla 'Endless Summer' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, buds and flowers contain a cyanogenic glycoside (hydrangin) that releases cyanide when chewed. Ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy; large amounts pose a more serious risk. Keep clippings and fallen blooms away from pets. |
| Incrediball hydrangea | Hydrangea arborescens 'Abetwo' (Incrediball) | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea (including smooth hydrangea, sometimes called 'Hills of Snow') as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycoside; ingestion typically causes vomiting, depression, and diarrhoea. Significant cyanide toxicity is uncommon and usually presents as GI upset. |
| Panicle Hydrangea | Hydrangea paniculata 'Limelight' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Foliage, buds and flowers contain the cyanogenic glycoside hydrangin, capable of releasing cyanide when chewed. Ingestion commonly causes vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. Keep clippings and spent flower heads away from pets. |
| Little Lime hydrangea | Hydrangea paniculata 'Jane' (Little Lime) | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with cyanogenic glycoside as the toxic principle. Ingestion usually causes vomiting, depression, and diarrhoea; severe cyanide poisoning is rare and generally limited to GI signs. Keep prunings away from pets. |
| PeeWee oakleaf hydrangea | Hydrangea quercifolia 'PeeWee' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea (which includes oakleaf hydrangea) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycoside; ingestion typically causes vomiting, depression, and diarrhoea, with serious cyanide poisoning being rare. Discourage pets from chewing leaves and flowers. |
| Pinky Winky hydrangea | Hydrangea paniculata 'DVPpinky' (Pinky Winky) | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with cyanogenic glycoside as the toxic principle. Ingestion typically causes vomiting, depression, and diarrhoea; serious cyanide poisoning is rare and usually limited to GI upset. Keep clippings and fallen blooms out of pets' reach. |
| Vanilla Strawberry hydrangea | Hydrangea paniculata 'Renhy' (Vanilla Strawberry) | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycoside; ingestion typically causes vomiting, depression, and diarrhoea, though serious cyanide poisoning is rare and usually limited to GI upset. Keep clippings and fallen flowers away from pets. |
| rough-leaved hydrangea | Hydrangea aspera 'Villosa' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycoside (hydrangin) present in leaves, buds and flowers; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and depression. Keep pets from chewing the plant and contact a vet if a significant amount is eaten. |
| Frogbit | Hydrocharis morsus-ranae | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hydrocharis morsus-ranae is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain. While not reported as a significant toxin, treat it as a non-food plant, discourage pets from eating it, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Brazilian pennywort | Hydrocotyle leucocephala | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hydrocotyle is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no genus-level ASPCA classification, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than asserting pet-safe. In an aquarium the realistic ingestion exposure for cats and dogs is low. |
| Japanese pennywort | Hydrocotyle tripartita | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hydrocotyle is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no genus-level ASPCA ruling, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. Submerged in an aquarium, pet exposure risk is low. |
| giant hygro | Hygrophila corymbosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hygrophila corymbosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Hygrophila does not appear on ASPCA toxic or non-toxic lists. Toxicity status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Do not assume pet-safe — expect possible mild gastrointestinal upset if a pet ingests the foliage. |
| water wisteria | Hygrophila difformis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hygrophila difformis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Hygrophila does not appear on ASPCA toxic or non-toxic lists. Toxicity status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Do not assume it is pet-safe — assume possible mild gastrointestinal upset if a pet eats the foliage. |
| Araguaia hygro | Hygrophila lancea 'Araguaia' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hygrophila is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either the toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as a submerged aquarium plant, casual ingestion by cats or dogs is unlikely. |
| Indian fern stem | Hygrophila pinnatifida | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hygrophila pinnatifida is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Hygrophila does not appear on ASPCA toxic or non-toxic lists. Toxicity status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Do not assume pet-safe — assume possible mild gastrointestinal upset if a pet ingests the foliage. |
| dwarf hygro | Hygrophila polysperma | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hygrophila polysperma is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Hygrophila does not appear on ASPCA toxic or non-toxic lists. Toxicity status is therefore uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Assume mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if a pet ingests it, and do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Autumn Joy sedum | Hylotelephium 'Autumn Joy' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Sedum/stonecrop). As with any plant, nibbling a large quantity of the fleshy foliage may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Purple Emperor sedum | Hylotelephium 'Purple Emperor' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Sedum/stonecrop). Ingesting large amounts of the fleshy foliage may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset, as with any plant. |
| Brilliant showy stonecrop | Hylotelephium spectabile 'Brilliant' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Sedum/stonecrop). Eating a lot of the fleshy leaves may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset, as with most plants. |
| Munstead Dark Red orpine | Hylotelephium telephium 'Munstead Dark Red' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Sedum/stonecrop). Eating a large quantity of the fleshy leaves may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset, as with most plants. |
| Carmina polka dot plant | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Carmina' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (under Polka Dot Plant, Hypoestes phyllostachya). No toxic principle is reported; large quantities may cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea. Do not confuse it with the toxic polka-dot Begonia. |
| Confetti pink polka dot plant | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Confetti Pink' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (under Polka Dot Plant, Hypoestes phyllostachya). No toxic principle is reported, though eating large amounts can cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea. This differs from the toxic polka-dot Begonia. |
| Pink polka dot plant | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Splash Select Pink' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (polka dot plant, Hypoestes phyllostachya). Eating large amounts may cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea, but there is no recognised toxic principle. |
| White splash hypoestes | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Splash Select White' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (under Polka Dot Plant, Hypoestes phyllostachya). No toxic principle is reported; large amounts may cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea. It is distinct from the toxic polka-dot Begonia. |
| White polka dot plant | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Wit' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (under Polka Dot Plant, Hypoestes phyllostachya). No toxic principle is reported, though eating large amounts may cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea. Note this is distinct from polka-dot Begonia, which is toxic. |
| hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis | herb | Mildly toxic | Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe. The plant contains pinocamphone, a ketone that is neurotoxic in concentrated form (notably the essential oil); large ingestion may cause GI upset. Treat with caution, keep the oil away from pets, and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| Iara's Sinningia | Sinningia iarae | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. S. iarae is not individually listed; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution pending species-level verification. |
| Ibarra's butterwort | Pinguicula ibarrae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database, meaning no formal safety or toxicity classification exists for pets. The sticky mucilaginous secretions on the leaves are digestive enzymes; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats or dogs. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure — consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Iberian Cranesbill | Geranium ibericum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance; they are distinct from the mildly toxic Pelargonium commonly sold as 'geranium'. |
| Ice Cream banana | Musa acuminata × balbisiana 'Ice Cream' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Musa, Musaceae). The fruit and leaves are not poisonous; only mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if a pet eats a lot of foliage. |
| Ice Cream Bean | Inga edulis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Inga edulis is not listed by ASPCA. The sweet pulp inside the pods is edible and widely consumed by humans and wildlife in South America. The seeds contain saponins and tannins; consuming seeds in quantity may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets. The genus is not individually assessed by ASPCA for pet safety. Prevent pets from chewing seeds or consuming large volumes of pods. |
| Ice dance Japanese sedge | Carex morrowii 'Ice Dance' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex morrowii is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. 'Ice Dance' is considered non-toxic to pets; ingestion of large amounts of leaf material may cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| ice dance sedge | Carex morrowii 'Ice Dance' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (sedge) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Grassy foliage may cause mild stomach upset if chewed in quantity. |
| Ice Follies Daffodil | Narcissus pseudonarcissus 'Ice Follies' | flowering | Toxic | As a Narcissus cultivar, 'Ice Follies' contains lycorine and related alkaloids throughout all plant parts, with the highest concentration in the bulbs. ASPCA lists Narcissus (daffodil) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, salivation, diarrhoea, and potentially cardiac effects. Handle bulbs with gloves to avoid contact dermatitis. |
| Ice Plant | Sedum spectabile | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum spectabile (Hylotelephium spectabile) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Sedum as a genus is broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with Sedum morganianum listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for this species. As with any plant, large ingestion may cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Iceberg Lettuce | Lactuca sativa 'Iceberg' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lactuca sativa is non-toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA). Iceberg lettuce specifically has a very high water content and is safe but nutritionally sparse for pets; small amounts pose no risk. |
| iceberg lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. capitata 'Iceberg' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a non-toxic salad crop generally recognised as safe for cats and dogs and is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants. It is not individually catalogued as a named ASPCA entry, but contains no known toxic principle. Offer only small, washed pieces, as too much can cause mild digestive upset. |
| Iceberg Rose | Rosa 'Iceberg' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Rosa). No toxic principle is present; thorns are the only injury risk. |
| Ichi Ki Kei Jiro persimmon | Diospyros kaki 'Ichi Ki Kei Jiro' | edible | Mildly toxic | Diospyros kaki is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is generally regarded as non-toxic, but seeds, stems and any unripe astringent fruit can cause gastrointestinal upset or obstruction, and the high sugar may upset pets. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Idaho fescue | Festuca idahoensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca idahoensis is not listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by the ASPCA. Like other native bunchgrasses, it poses no toxic risk. The narrow, stiff leaves can cause mechanical irritation if large quantities are ingested, but no toxic compounds are present. |
| Ilama | Annona diversifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Annona diversifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Annona (custard apples, soursop) contains neurotoxic acetogenins such as annonacin, concentrated in seeds, bark and leaves; treat foliage and seeds as unsafe for pets and verify with a vet before any exposure. Ripe flesh is eaten by people, but seeds must be discarded. |
| Illinois tick trefoil | Desmodium illinoense | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Desmodium illinoense is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; like other Desmodium species the sticky barbed seed pods (loments) can adhere to pet fur, causing matting and localised skin irritation if not removed. |
| Illumination Periwinkle | Vinca minor 'Illumination' | flowering | Toxic | As a cultivar of Vinca minor, Illumination contains the same vinca alkaloids and is considered toxic to dogs and cats per ASPCA guidance on Vinca minor. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, hypotension, and neurological effects. All parts of the plant are toxic; keep away from pets. |
| Imbricate Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum capillus-veneris 'Imbricatum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum capillus-veneris (maidenhair fern) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. It is a true fern in the Pteridaceae family with no known toxic principles. |
| Imbricate Sword Fern | Polystichum imbricans | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum (shield ferns / sword ferns) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True ferns in the Polypodiopsida class generally have no known toxic principles to cats or dogs. No harmful effects are reported for Polystichum imbricans. |
| Immersed Stelis | Stelis immersa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae family, which is non-toxic per ASPCA classification. No specific toxic compounds are known for Stelis immersa. Safe around cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Impala Lily | Adenium multiflorum | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Adenium multiflorum contain cardiac glycosides in the milky latex, and the plant has a well-documented history as a fish poison and arrow poison in southern Africa. The genus Adenium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, irregular heartbeat, and death. Though A. multiflorum is not individually named, the toxic principles are consistent across the genus. Wear gloves when handling; keep entirely away from children and pets. |
| busy lizzie | Impatiens walleriana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Impatiens walleriana is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Garden Balsam | Impatiens balsamina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Impatiens (Buzzy Lizzie, Impatiens spp., family Balsaminaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; Impatiens balsamina belongs to this genus and family, so it falls under that non-toxic listing. Eating large amounts of foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea. |
| SunPatiens Hot Coral | Impatiens hawkeri 'SunPatiens Compact Hot Coral' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Impatiens (Buzzy Lizzie, Impatiens spp., family Balsaminaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; SunPatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) falls under this genus-level listing. Ingesting large quantities of foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea. |
| SunPatiens Spreading White | Impatiens hawkeri 'SunPatiens Spreading White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Impatiens (Buzzy Lizzie, Impatiens spp., family Balsaminaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; SunPatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) is covered by this genus-level listing. Eating large amounts of foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea. |
| Xtreme Salmon Impatiens | Impatiens walleriana 'Xtreme Salmon' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Impatiens (Buzzy Lizzie, Impatiens spp., family Balsaminaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Impatiens walleriana is covered by this genus-level listing. Eating large amounts of foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea. |
| Imperator Carrot | Daucus carota 'Imperator' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daucus carota (carrot) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. All parts of the Imperator carrot are safe for humans and companion animals. |
| Imperial Air Plant | Tillandsia imperialis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tillandsia is not formally listed by ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Classified here as mildly-toxic given the absent ASPCA listing. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Imperial Bromeliad | Alcantarea imperialis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Alcantarea (formerly Vriesea) bromeliads are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; no toxic principles have been identified. The stiff, sharp-edged leaves can cause physical injury if a pet chews them, but no systemic toxicity is expected. |
| Imperial Green | Philodendron 'Imperial Green' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Leaves and stems contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| Incense Cedar | Calocedrus decurrens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calocedrus decurrens is not individually listed by ASPCA. Cedar-family foliage contains volatile oils that may cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets. Cedar wood dust and oils can irritate mucous membranes. Treat with the same precautions as other arborvitae family members and keep away from pets that browse ornamental conifers. |
| Inch plant | Tradescantia fluminensis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Inch Plant (Tradescantia fluminensis, family Commelinaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The sap causes dermatitis — skin and mouth irritation — and chewing the foliage can cause drooling and stomach upset, so keep it away from pets that nibble plants. |
| Fantasy Venice | Tradescantia albiflora 'Nanouk' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Tradescantia (inch plant / spiderwort) as toxic to cats and dogs. The sap commonly causes contact dermatitis and skin irritation, and ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep trailing stems away from pets that like to chew. |
| Indian Blanket | Gaillardia pulchella | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gaillardia is widely regarded as non-toxic to pets and is recommended as a pet-safe garden plant. The genus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Indian Coleus | Plectranthus barbatus | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. The plant contains essential oils and the diterpene forskolin; documented embryotoxic activity in rodents at high doses has been recorded, and ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, or mild skin irritation in cats and dogs — keep pets away from this plant. |
| Indian Cucumber Root | Medeola virginiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Medeola virginiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The rhizome is considered edible for humans with a cucumber-like taste and long indigenous culinary use, but no formal pet-safety evaluation exists for this genus. The dark berries are not eaten and their safety is unconfirmed. Treat as potentially mildly toxic to pets pending authoritative review. |
| Indian Elecampane | Inula racemosa | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Inula racemosa is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No significant toxic compounds have been documented for this species in dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA; the Inula genus has no known toxicity record. As with any herb, large-quantity ingestion could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Indian gooseberry | Phyllanthus emblica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Phyllanthus emblica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is a widely consumed human food, but unripe fruit and bark are very astringent and tannin-rich and may cause stomach upset, so prevent pets from chewing foliage or unripe fruit. |
| indian grass | Sorghastrum nutans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sorghastrum nutans is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. It is a native forage grass widely grazed by livestock across the North American prairies. No toxic principles are known in this species. Ingestion poses no toxicity risk to pets. |
| Indian Mallow | Abutilon indicum | herb | Mildly toxic | Abutilon indicum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No clinically documented toxic principles are known, and it is widely used in human traditional medicine; however, ingestion of significant quantities by pets may cause mild gastric upset. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Tendergreen mustard spinach | Brassica juncea 'Tendergreen' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica juncea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Brassica greens contain glucosinolates and isothiocyanates that can cause gastrointestinal upset, drooling and, in quantity, anaemia or thyroid effects in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Indian Sage | Salvia indica | herb | Mildly toxic | Salvia indica is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. It contains volatile essential oils typical of the Salvia genus (camphor, cineole, terpenoids) that can cause mild gastrointestinal signs — nausea, drooling, vomiting — if plant material is ingested by cats or dogs in significant quantities; classified as mildly-toxic by precaution. |
| Indian Sinocrassula | Sinocrassula indica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Sinocrassula indica is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Crassulaceae, related genera (Crassula) are listed as toxic to cats and dogs with mild gastrointestinal signs. Apply the same precautionary treatment and keep away from pets and children. |
| Indian Summer black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckia hirta 'Indian Summer' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rudbeckia hirta is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant lists for dogs, cats, or horses and is not known to contain chemical toxins harmful to companion animals. Consumption of large quantities of plant material may cause transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Indian Summer raspberry | Rubus idaeus 'Indian Summer' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: the ASPCA lists Rubus (Creeping Rubus, Rubus pedatus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and raspberry foliage and fruit are not considered poisonous. The main hazard is physical from canes and thorns rather than chemical. Berries are safe in moderation for pets. |
| Indian Timber Bamboo | Bambusa tulda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboo is widely regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats; no toxic principles have been identified in this genus. The plant is safe for pets and humans. |
| Indian Valerian | Valeriana jatamansi | herb | Mildly toxic | Valeriana jatamansi is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Valerian genus plants are generally considered non-toxic to pets in small amounts, though the strong-smelling rhizomes can act as a feline attractant and stimulant. High doses of valerenic compounds may cause mild GI upset, vomiting, or hypersalivation in dogs. Consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. Not for internal use without professional guidance due to potential liver effects at high doses. |
| Indigo Gem honeyberry | Lonicera caerulea 'Indigo Gem' | edible | Mildly toxic | The berries are commonly eaten by people, but Lonicera caerulea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the Lonicera genus is mixed (certain honeysuckles cause GI upset in pets). Treat as uncertain around cats and dogs and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Indonesian Bay Laurel | Syzygium polyanthum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Syzygium polyanthum leaves are widely consumed by humans as a culinary herb across Southeast Asia with no reported adverse effects. The species is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, based on its culinary use, absence of known toxic compounds, and its Myrtaceae family context (where most edible-leaved members present no pet toxicity), it is considered low-risk. As always, contact your vet if a pet ingests large quantities. |
| Inflated rock rose | Cistus inflatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus inflatus is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no toxic principles are documented in horticultural or veterinary literature for this species. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution because the genus lacks formal ASPCA clearance. Contact with the resinous sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Inflated wax plant | Hoya inflata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya carnosa 'Wax Plant' — Non-Toxic; Hoya kerrii 'Sweetheart Hoya' — Non-Toxic; no toxic principles identified). Hoya inflata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no members recorded as toxic. As with any plant, eating a large quantity could cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Inner-grooved Specklinia | Specklinia endotrachys | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Specklinia belongs to Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA considers non-toxic across its listed genera. Specklinia endotrachys is not individually ASPCA-listed, but no toxic principle is reported for the genus. Exercise normal caution and keep out of reach of pets that chew plants. |
| intense blue fescue | Festuca glauca 'Intense Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Festuca glauca is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Ornamental fescues are generally considered non-toxic, but as the species is unverified, treat with caution: ingestion may cause mild GI upset. The endophyte-driven fescue toxicosis affecting grazing livestock is a tall-fescue issue distinct from this ornamental. Confirm with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Pacific Sabre Orchid | Aliceara 'Pacific Sabre' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | An Oncidium-alliance orchid hybrid with no known toxic compound. The ASPCA lists orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis being the named entry) and notes no orchid known to poison cats; Oncidium and Odontoglossum-type orchids, which make up this hybrid's parentage, appear on pet-safe orchid lists. This intergeneric hybrid is not individually listed but shares that benign chemistry. Nibbling may cause only mild GI upset; guard against chemical residues. |
| Intermediate Air Plant | Tillandsia intermedia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tillandsia is not formally listed by ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Classified here as mildly-toxic given the absent ASPCA listing. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Intermediate Galangal | Alpinia intermedia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia intermedia is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The Zingiberaceae family contains essential oils that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats or dogs; classified as mildly toxic until confirmed otherwise by an authoritative source. |
| Intermediate Polypody | Polypodium interjectum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium interjectum is in the family Polypodiaceae. Polypody ferns contain no known toxic compounds to dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Polypodium has a strong precedent of non-toxicity and no reported toxic principle. |
| Interrupted Fern | Osmunda claytoniana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Osmunda claytoniana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not covered, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted. Treat with caution, as toxicity in cats and dogs is uncharacterised: keep out of reach and contact a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Interrupted Sage | Salvia interrupta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia interrupta has no individual ASPCA listing. The Salvia genus contains volatile oils (camphor, terpenes, cineole) that can irritate the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs if plant material is consumed, potentially causing drooling, vomiting, or diarrhoea; classified mildly-toxic by precaution in the absence of a confirmed species-level safe listing. |
| Intrigue | Rosa 'Intrigue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species). No toxic principles are identified, though thorns can cause mechanical injury and ingested foliage may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Invicta gooseberry | Ribes uva-crispa 'Invicta' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes (currants and gooseberries) are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and the ripe fruit is edible to humans. No toxic principle is recognised for gooseberry foliage or fruit. As always, gorging on any fruit can cause mild stomach upset, so offer only in moderation. |
| Ionas' sun pitcher | Heliamphora ionasii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heliamphora ionasii is not individually listed by ASPCA. However, Sarraceniaceae pitcher plants (including the related Darlingtonia californica) are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are known in any Heliamphora species. Exercise standard caution with young pets around any plant. |
| Ionas's Sun Pitcher | Heliamphora ionasii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Carnivorous pitcher plants produce digestive enzymes inside their pitchers that could cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. No formal pet-safe classification exists; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Bladderwort-like Ionopsis | Ionopsis utricularioides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ionopsis utricularioides is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although ASPCA-listed orchids such as Phalaenopsis are non-toxic to cats and dogs, this genus is not confirmed on the ASPCA list, so treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Blackie sweet potato vine | Ipomoea batatas 'Blackie' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Morning Glory (Ipomoea spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; ornamental sweet potato vine is Ipomoea batatas and falls under that genus listing. Although the edible crop sweet potato is not individually called out by the ASPCA, the ornamental foliage cultivars are not the food form, so treat 'Blackie' as toxic — the genus carries indole alkaloids and ingestion can cause vomiting and GI upset. Keep pets from chewing the foliage and tubers, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any. |
| Spanish flag | Ipomoea lobata | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Morning Glory (Ipomoea spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and Spanish flag is Ipomoea lobata (syn. Mina lobata). Toxic principles are indole alkaloids (lysergic acid, lysergamide, elymoclavine, chanoclavine); ingestion can cause vomiting, with hallucinations possible from large amounts of seed. Keep seeds out of pets' reach. |
| Scarlett O'Hara morning glory | Ipomoea nil 'Scarlett O'Hara' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Morning Glory (Ipomoea spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and 'Scarlett O'Hara' is a cultivar of Ipomoea nil. Toxic principles are indole alkaloids (lysergic acid, lysergamide, elymoclavine, chanoclavine); ingestion causes vomiting, and large quantities of seed may cause hallucinations. Keep seeds away from pets. |
| common morning glory | Ipomoea purpurea | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Morning Glory (Ipomoea spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are indole alkaloids (lysergic acid, lysergamide, elymoclavine, chanoclavine); signs include vomiting, and large quantities of seeds can cause hallucinations and disorientation. The seeds are the most concentrated part — keep pets away. |
| cypress vine | Ipomoea quamoclit | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Morning Glory (Ipomoea spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and cypress vine is Ipomoea quamoclit. The toxic principles are indole alkaloids (lysergic acid, lysergamide, elymoclavine, chanoclavine); signs include vomiting and, with large amounts of seed, possible hallucinations. Keep seeds away from pets. |
| Heavenly Blue morning glory | Ipomoea tricolor 'Heavenly Blue' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Morning Glory (Ipomoea spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are indole alkaloids (lysergic acid, lysergamide, elymoclavine, chanoclavine); ingestion causes vomiting, and a large quantity of seeds can produce hallucinations. The seeds carry the highest concentration — store packets out of pets' reach. |
| Irene Nuss begonia | Begonia 'Irene Nuss' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species (including cane types) as toxic to cats and dogs due to soluble calcium oxalates, with the highest concentration in the underground portions. Symptoms include oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting. |
| Iridescent Bamboo | Phyllostachys iridescens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys iridescens is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True bamboos have no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| bearded iris | Iris germanica | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to irisin, iridin, and other glycosides. Rhizomes are most toxic; cause vomiting, drooling, and skin irritation. |
| Benton Susan iris | Iris 'Benton Susan' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris as toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). Toxic principle is pentacyclic terpenoids (zeorin, missourin, missouriensin), most concentrated in the rhizome. Ingestion can cause salivation, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. Keep pets away, especially from dug or divided rhizomes. |
| Black Gamecock Louisiana iris | Iris louisiana 'Black Gamecock' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats and dogs. The rhizomes contain the highest levels of irritant terpenoids and glycosides (irisin, iridin), causing salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea and tissue irritation. Keep rhizomes and trimmings away from pets. |
| Clarence iris | Iris 'Clarence' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats and dogs. Irritant compounds (irisin, iridin and related terpenoids) are concentrated in the rhizome, causing drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and mouth or skin irritation. Keep rhizomes and trimmings away from pets. |
| Immortality iris | Iris 'Immortality' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats and dogs. The rhizome holds the strongest concentration of irritant terpenoids and glycosides (irisin, iridin), causing salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea and tissue irritation. Keep divided rhizomes and cuttings out of pets' reach. |
| Jane Phillips iris | Iris 'Jane Phillips' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats and dogs. The rhizomes contain the highest concentration of irritant compounds (irisin, iridin and related terpenoids/glycosides), causing drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and skin or mouth irritation. Keep dug rhizomes and trimmings away from pets. |
| Katharine Hodgkin iris | Iris 'Katharine Hodgkin' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulbs hold the strongest concentration of irritant terpenoids and glycosides (irisin, iridin), causing drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and irritation. Keep bulbs out of reach when planting or storing. |
| Japanese Iris | Iris ensata | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles are concentrated in the rhizome (irisin, iridin and related compounds). Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. |
| Rabbit-Ear Iris | Iris laevigata | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; toxic principles (irisin, iridin and related compounds) are most concentrated in the rhizome. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. |
| Variegated Water Iris | Iris laevigata 'Variegata' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles (irisin, iridin and related compounds) are most concentrated in the rhizome. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. |
| Yellow Flag Iris | Iris pseudacorus | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; toxic glycosides and resins (irisin, iridin) are concentrated in the rhizome and sap. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, and the sap can irritate skin. |
| Variegated Yellow Flag Iris | Iris pseudacorus 'Variegatus' | flowering | Toxic | Iris (listed by the ASPCA under both 'Iris' and 'Flag') is toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are pentacyclic terpenoids (zeorin, missourin, missouriensin), most concentrated in the rhizomes, causing salivation, drooling, vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea if eaten. |
| Harmony iris | Iris reticulata 'Harmony' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulbs contain the highest concentration of irritant terpenoids and glycosides (irisin, iridin), causing salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea and tissue irritation. Keep bulbs away from pets during planting and storage. |
| Blue Flag Iris | Iris versicolor | flowering | Toxic | Iris (ASPCA-listed under 'Iris' and 'Flag') is toxic to cats and dogs. Pentacyclic terpenoids (zeorin, missourin, missouriensin), concentrated in the rhizomes, cause salivation, drooling, vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea on ingestion. Skin contact with sap can also irritate. |
| Virginia Iris | Iris virginica | flowering | Toxic | Iris (ASPCA-listed as 'Iris'/'Flag') is toxic to cats and dogs. The pentacyclic terpenoids zeorin, missourin and missouriensin, most concentrated in the rhizomes, cause salivation, drooling, vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea if ingested by pets. |
| Irish Fleabane | Inula salicina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Inula salicina is not individually listed by ASPCA. Inula species belong to the Asteraceae family; some members contain sesquiterpene lactones that can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Exercise caution with pets; consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Irish heath | Erica erigena | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica erigena is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in the Erica genus for dogs, cats, or horses. Irish heath is safe to grow in pet-accessible gardens. Bees are primary visitors to the flowers, not a toxicity concern. |
| Irish Heath | Erica erigena 'Irish Dusk' | flowering | Mildly toxic | RHS states the plant is harmful if eaten and advises wearing gloves when handling. Erica erigena is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or confirmed non-toxic. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; contact a vet if pets ingest significant quantities. |
| Iron Butterfly Foamflower | Tiarella 'Iron Butterfly' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No significant toxic principles are documented for Tiarella hybrids, but an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing is absent. Apply precautionary mildly-toxic status; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| Iron Butterfly foamflower | Tiarella 'Iron Butterfly' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tiarella is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. The closely related hybrid parent Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, which is reassuring but does not confirm a listing for foamflower. Mild gastrointestinal upset is the likeliest effect if foliage is chewed. |
| Iron cross begonia | Begonia masoniana | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, which cause vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs and can cause kidney failure in grazing animals; the most toxic part is underground (the rhizome/roots). The sap can also cause skin irritation in people. Keep it away from pets and children, and wear gloves when handling. |
| Isabel Chan's wax plant | Hoya isabelchanae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Hoya carnosa 'Wax Plant' — Non-Toxic; Hoya kerrii 'Sweetheart Hoya' — Non-Toxic; no toxic principles identified). Hoya isabelchanae is not individually listed by name on the ASPCA database — it was only recently scientifically described — but no Hoya species is recorded as toxic. Ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Isalo Adenia | Adenia isaloensis | houseplant | Toxic | All parts of Adenia isaloensis are poisonous. The genus Adenia (family Passifloraceae) contains cyanogenic glycosides, modeccin (a ribosome-inactivating protein), and other cytotoxic compounds. Ingestion can be fatal. Adenia is not individually listed on the ASPCA database but is well-documented as severely toxic in scientific literature (PMC12135688). Keep away from children, dogs, and cats; wear gloves when pruning as the sap is irritating. |
| Island Liveforever | Dudleya virens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya virens is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Dudleya (Crassulaceae) has no established toxic principle in cats or dogs. While some Crassulaceae relatives (Kalanchoe, certain Crassula species) are toxic, Dudleya is consistently regarded as non-toxic in horticultural literature. |
| Issai Hardy Kiwi | Actinidia arguta 'Issai' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Actinidia arguta is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The fruits and foliage are safe for pets. Note: cats are attracted to the foliage (similar effect to catnip) and may chew on stems. |
| Issai kiwi | Actinidia arguta 'Issai' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Actinidia kiwi is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and the ripe fruit is edible. Be aware that Actinidia foliage can attract cats much like silver vine, prompting rubbing or chewing; this is a behavioural attraction, not poisoning, but discourage chewing of young stems. |
| Italian aster | Aster amellus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aster amellus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the broader Aster/Symphyotrichum genus has no known toxic principle and is generally considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Exercise caution and consult a vet if large quantities are ingested. |
| Italian cypress | Cupressus sempervirens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus sempervirens is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingesting foliage or cones may cause vomiting, diarrhoea or drooling in cats and dogs, and the aromatic oils and sap can irritate the skin and stomach. |
| Italian gladiolus | Gladiolus italicus | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Gladiola (Gladiolus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is not fully identified but glycosides and irritant compounds are concentrated in the corms. Clinical signs include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea; ingestion of corms may cause more severe gastrointestinal distress. |
| Italian jasmine | Jasminum humile | flowering | Mildly toxic | Jasminum humile is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. The genus Jasminum may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if ingested. It does not belong to a highly toxic family, but is not confirmed ASPCA-safe. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic and discourage pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Hardy Sweet Marjoram | Origanum × majoricum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oregano and marjoram in the Origanum genus are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs as growing culinary herbs. Large ingested amounts may cause mild stomach upset, and concentrated oils should be kept away from pets. |
| Italian sage phlomis | Phlomis italica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis italica is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. In the absence of confirmed safety data, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; keep away from cats and dogs and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Virginia sweetspire | Itea virginica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and Itea has no documented toxic principle; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Henry's Garnet sweetspire | Itea virginica 'Henry's Garnet' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and Itea has no documented toxic principle; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As with any plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Little Henry sweetspire | Itea virginica 'Sprich' (Little Henry) | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and Itea has no documented toxic principle; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Ithuriel's spear | Triteleia laxa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Triteleia laxa (previously classified under Brodiaea) does not appear on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no authoritative formal safety classification for cats and dogs has been confirmed. In the absence of a confirmed non-toxic listing, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is used here. Consult a veterinarian if a pet is suspected of having ingested any part of the plant. |
| Itoh peony | Paeonia 'Bartzella' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists peony (Paeonia) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; Itoh hybrids are Paeonia and fall under the same listing. The toxin paeonol is present throughout the plant and may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression if eaten. |
| Itsy Bitsy Peperomia | Peperomia rubella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Peperomia rubella carries no known toxic principles and is widely regarded as safe for households with pets. |
| Ivan Cranesbill | Geranium 'Ivan' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plants database; the ASPCA's 'Geranium' toxic entry refers to Pelargonium species (linalool/geraniol), a completely separate genus. Geranium 'Ivan', as a true cranesbill, is widely confirmed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by veterinary and horticultural sources. |
| Ivory Cymbidium | Cymbidium eburneum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cymbidium is not individually listed by the ASPCA for this species, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and has no known toxic principles. Multiple orchid genera evaluated by the ASPCA are classified as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion of plant material should still be discouraged. |
| Ivory Primulina | Primulina eburnea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina eburnea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; mildly-toxic is the precautionary classification for this unlisted genus. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Ivory Sea Holly | Eryngium eburneum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eryngium is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; the genus is considered non-toxic, though the sharp leaf spines may cause minor physical injury. |
| Ivory Tree | Wrightia antidysenterica | tropical | Toxic | Wrightia antidysenterica belongs to the Apocynaceae family and contains milky latex with alkaloid constituents. It is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, as an Apocynaceae species with latex-bearing tissues, it should be treated as potentially toxic to dogs, cats, and children. Traditional medicinal use of bark extracts requires careful preparation and dilution, confirming bioactive compounds are present. Contact with milky sap may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Consult a vet if pet ingestion is suspected. |
| ivy-leaf peperomia | Peperomia griseoargentea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia griseoargentea is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The plant contains no known toxic principles and is considered safe in homes with pets and children. |
| Ivy-leaved cyclamen | Cyclamen hederifolium | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Cyclamen species as toxic to dogs and cats. Terpenoid saponins (cyclamins) are present throughout the plant, with the highest concentration in the tuber. Symptoms of ingestion include profuse salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in cases of large tuber ingestion, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death. This species is AGM-awarded and widely planted in UK gardens, making accidental pet exposure a real risk — seek immediate veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Ivy-leaved Duckweed | Lemna trisulca | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lemna trisulca is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Duckweeds (Lemnaceae) have no documented toxic principles and are widely consumed by waterfowl and fish. Considered safe in aquatic ecosystems shared with animals. |
| ivy-leaved scindapsus | Scindapsus hederaceus | houseplant | Toxic | Scindapsus hederaceus is an Araceae aroid containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Its sap and leaf tissue cause oral irritation, swelling, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed or ingested by pets or humans. Crystal accumulation can cause kidney complications in pets. Treat as toxic and keep away from cats, dogs, and children. |
| Ivyleaf morning glory | Ipomoea hederacea | flowering | Toxic | Ipomoea species are listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Seeds are the most toxic part, containing indole alkaloids that cause vomiting and, in large ingested quantities, hallucinogenic effects and neurological signs. Not recommended in households with pets or young children. |
| Jaboticaba | Plinia cauliflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Plinia cauliflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The pulp is widely eaten, but the skin is high in tannins and the seeds can contain cyanogenic compounds; the genus is not ASPCA-cleared, so it should not be asserted as pet-safe, and pets eating skin or seeds may suffer GI upset. |
| Jaboticaba | Myrciaria cauliflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Myrciaria cauliflora (Jaboticaba) is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Myrtaceae, a family with no widely documented toxic principles for companion animals. The fruit is consumed extensively by humans and wildlife in Brazil without reported toxicity. The skin of the fruit contains tannins and anthocyanins (similar to grape skin pigments) but is not structurally related to Vitis (grape), which is toxic to dogs. Considered non-toxic, though individual sensitivities cannot be ruled out. |
| Jacaranda Tree Succulent | Operculicarya decaryi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Operculicarya decaryi is in the family Anacardiaceae (the cashew/mango family), which contains phenolic compounds and can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. The species is generally considered non-toxic to pets and is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. However, as it has not been individually assessed by ASPCA, and Anacardiaceae plants can cause mild skin or mucous-membrane irritation, caution is advised — contact with sap may irritate sensitive skin, and ingestion of large quantities should be discouraged. |
| jack-in-the-pulpit | Arisaema triphyllum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. All parts — especially the corm and the red berries — contain needle-like raphides. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep berries and corms away from pets and children. |
| pumpkin | Cucurbita pepo 'Jack-o-Lantern' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita pepo is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and plain cooked pumpkin flesh is a common, vet-recommended digestive aid for pets. Avoid feeding pets carved pumpkins that have begun to rot or mould, as spoiled flesh can cause illness. |
| Jackfruit | Artocarpus heterophyllus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Artocarpus heterophyllus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ripe flesh is widely eaten and not known to be poisonous, but we do not assert pet-safe because the species is unlisted and the tree contains sticky latex; raw seeds, the tough rind and the latex can cause mouth irritation, gastrointestinal upset or blockage in pets. Verify with a vet before feeding. |
| Brazilian plume flower | Justicia carnea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Justicia carnea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed despite some secondary sites claiming it. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep away from cats and dogs and verify with a vet if any is eaten. |
| money tree | Crassula ovata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Crassula ovata as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause vomiting, depression, and slow heart rate in cats. |
| Jagged lavender | Lavandula pinnata | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles linalool and linalyl acetate cause nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite; essential oil from this genus is considerably more concentrated and therefore more hazardous than plant material. |
| jalapeño pepper | Capsicum annuum | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Capsicum foliage as toxic to cats and dogs due to solanine; capsaicin in fruit causes oral and GI irritation. Keep pets away from harvest. |
| Jalisco Mountain Air Plant | Tillandsia jalisco-monticola | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tillandsia is not formally listed by ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Classified here as mildly-toxic given the absent ASPCA listing. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Tall Coconut Palm | Cocos nucifera 'Jamaican Tall' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a cultivar of Cocos nucifera, it is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic and is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Per ASPCA, coconut flesh, milk and oil can cause loose stools or stomach upset in large amounts, and a whole nut is a choking/obstruction hazard; the plant itself is not poisonous. |
| Janke's Gesneriad | Jancaea heldreichii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Jancaea heldreichii has not been assessed by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in veterinary or horticultural literature, but given the absence of a formal safety listing, a precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied. Seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes any part of this plant. |
| Japanese Apricot | Prunus mume | flowering | Toxic | Prunus mume belongs to the genus the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats and horses (e.g. Apricot, Plum, Cherry). The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves and seeds (kernels), most dangerous when wilting. Signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, panting, difficulty breathing and shock. Keep prunings and pits away from pets. |
| Japanese Arborvitae | Thuja standishii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thuja standishii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but arborvitae species (Thuja genus) are not classified as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses on ASPCA toxic plant lists. Foliage contains low levels of thujone, but ASPCA does not flag the genus as toxic. Considered pet-safe; monitor pets if large quantities are ingested and consult a vet if symptoms arise. |
| Japanese Arrowhead | Sagittaria japonica | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sagittaria species are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The cooked corms and foliage have a long culinary history in East Asia with no reported toxic principle. Raw corms may carry aquatic pathogens, so always cook before human consumption. |
| Japanese astilbe | Astilbe japonica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astilbe japonica is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. It is safe for households with pets. |
| Japanese barberry | Berberis thunbergii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Berberine-containing plant; the berries are mildly toxic to dogs and cats if ingested in quantity, causing vomiting and diarrhea. ASPCA does not individually list Berberis thunbergii, but the genus is considered mildly toxic to pets due to berberine alkaloids. Keep pets away from berry clusters. |
| Japanese Beech | Fagus crenata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fagus is not individually listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database; beechnuts and bark contain saponins and tannins that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and GI upset if eaten in quantity (green nuts are most irritant). Treat as mildly toxic and verify with a vet if a pet ingests foliage, bark or nuts. |
| Japanese Beech Fern | Phegopteris decursive-pinnata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phegopteris decursive-pinnata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle; closely related Phegopteris species are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, but because this species lacks an individual ASPCA listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Japanese Big-Leaf Magnolia | Magnolia obovata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Magnolia as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Magnolia obovata is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Magnolia as a genus has no reported toxic principle and the genus is classified as non-toxic. |
| Tani-watari | Asplenium antiquum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Asplenium ferns (including bird's nest types) carry no toxic principle on the ASPCA database; as with any plant, nibbling large amounts may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Japanese Black Pine | Pinus thunbergii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus thunbergii is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the genus reference, Ponderosa pine, is rated non-toxic to cats and dogs, but pine needles are a documented mechanical and oil-based GI irritant that can cause vomiting, drooling or oral injury. Treat as mildly toxic and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Kotobuki Black Pine | Pinus thunbergii 'Kotobuki' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus thunbergii is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. For reference the ASPCA lists ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but pine needles and sap can still cause mild oral and gastrointestinal irritation if chewed. |
| Thunderhead Japanese Black Pine | Pinus thunbergii 'Thunderhead' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus thunbergii is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Pine needles, bark and sap can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation if chewed or ingested, so keep prunings and fallen needles away from pets. |
| japanese blood grass | Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Imperata cylindrica is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingesting the coarse blades may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and chewing the rhizomes is best discouraged in pets. |
| Japanese box | Buxus microphylla | flowering | Toxic | Buxus spp. are listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. All parts contain alkaloids including buxine; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. The bitter taste usually limits consumption. Keep pets away from clippings. |
| Japanese Brake Fern | Pteris nipponica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pteris nipponica belongs to the Pteris genus (brake ferns), multiple species of which (including Pteris cretica and Pteris quadriaurita) are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for Pteris nipponica specifically; it is not individually ASPCA-listed but shares the genus safety profile. |
| Japanese camellia | Camellia japonica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Common Camellia (Camellia japonica, family Theaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. While the plant itself is safe, eating large amounts of any plant material can cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Japanese Camellia | Camellia japonica 'Nuccio's Pearl' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Camellia (Common Camellia, Camellia japonica) among its non-toxic plants, with no known toxic principle; it is considered safe around pets, though as with any plant, nibbling large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Japanese Catmint | Nepeta subsessilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta subsessilis is not individually listed by ASPCA but belongs to the non-toxic Nepeta genus. No toxic compounds have been identified in this species. Considered non-toxic to dogs and cats based on genus-level data. |
| cockscomb cedar | Cryptomeria japonica 'Cristata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cryptomeria japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be confirmed as pet-safe. No serious toxic principle is well documented and ingestion may at most cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety for cats or dogs. |
| plume cedar | Cryptomeria japonica 'Elegans' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cryptomeria japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be confirmed as pet-safe. No major toxic principle is well documented, and ingestion may at most cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety for cats or dogs. |
| dwarf Japanese cedar | Cryptomeria japonica 'Globosa Nana' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cryptomeria japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be confirmed as pet-safe. No significant toxic principle is well documented and ingestion may at most cause mild stomach upset, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety for cats or dogs. |
| granny's ringlets | Cryptomeria japonica 'Spiralis' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cryptomeria japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be confirmed as pet-safe. No major toxic principle is well documented and ingestion may at most cause mild stomach upset, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety for cats or dogs. |
| Vilmoriniana cedar | Cryptomeria japonica 'Vilmoriniana' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cryptomeria japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be confirmed as pet-safe. No serious toxic principle is well documented, and ingestion may at most cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety for cats or dogs. |
| Japanese Cedar Bonsai | Cryptomeria japonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cryptomeria japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so no confirmed non-toxic status exists. As an unlisted conifer of uncertain stance, treat with caution — ingesting plant foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. Keep prunings away from pets and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Japanese Chain Fern | Woodwardia japonica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Woodwardia (chain ferns) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True ferns in the Polypodiopsida class are generally not associated with toxicity in cats or dogs. No harmful principles are reported for Woodwardia japonica. |
| Japanese chestnut | Castanea crenata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Castanea crenata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and produces edible nuts; treat as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Do not confuse it with the toxic horse chestnut (Aesculus). Standard caution applies for starchy nuts, which in quantity can cause GI upset or a choking/obstruction hazard, and the spiny burs can injure mouths and paws. |
| Vine-like fern | Lygodium japonicum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Lygodium japonicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Most true ferns are non-toxic and it is not reported as poisonous, but it is not specifically confirmed by the ASPCA; treat it as uncertain, keep pets away, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Japanese Cornel Dogwood | Cornus officinalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cornus officinalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and no Cornus species is listed as toxic. The genus has no documented toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. The fleshy red fruit (a drupe) is edible to humans and consumed by wildlife; it is used medicinally in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild GI upset in pets, but specific toxicity is not established. |
| Japanese Dunce Cap | Orostachys japonica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys japonica is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the genus has no documented toxic principles and is widely reported as non-toxic to cats and dogs by multiple specialist succulent sources (including Mountain Crest Gardens and Greg.app). No bufadienolide or other toxic compounds have been identified in Orostachys. As with any plant material, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Japanese Fairy Bells | Disporum sessile | flowering | Mildly toxic | Disporum sessile (Colchicaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. Its placement in Colchicaceae — a family that includes the severely toxic Colchicum — warrants caution. No confirmed toxicity reports exist specifically for Disporum in companion animals, but given the family context and absence of explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing, it is prudent to treat this plant as potentially mildly toxic and keep pets away from it. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Japanese False Spleenwort | Deparia petersenii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Deparia petersenii is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Because its safety for cats and dogs cannot be confirmed, it should be treated as mildly toxic; ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset and pets should be kept away from the plant. |
| Japanese Flowering Cherry Bonsai | Prunus serrulata | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists cherry (Prunus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides, concentrated in the stems, leaves and seeds and especially dangerous in wilting foliage. Signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting and shock; keep all prunings and plant parts away from pets. |
| Japanese forest grass | Hakonechloa macra | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Hakonechloa macra is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as with most ornamental grasses, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) from coarse, silica-rich blades. |
| Japanese Garden Juniper | Juniperus procumbens | flowering | Toxic | Juniperus procumbens is not individually listed, but its genus relative Chinese juniper is on the ASPCA toxic plant list; junipers contain volatile oils that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and GI upset, and the sharp foliage poses an irritation and choking risk. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Japanese ginger | Zingiber mioga | edible | Mildly toxic | Zingiber mioga is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Although culinary ginger (Z. officinale) is generally considered safe in small amounts, the absence of a specific ASPCA clearance for this species means it is classified here as mildly-toxic. Large amounts may cause gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Sky Pencil Holly | Ilex crenata 'Sky Pencil' | houseplant | Toxic | As an Ilex (Japanese holly), 'Sky Pencil' falls under the ASPCA listing of holly as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with saponins as the toxic principle. Ingestion of the leaves and any small black berries can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and depression; ASPCA rates holly leaves and berries as low toxicity. |
| Japanese Holly Fern | Cyrtomium falcatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center lists Cyrtomium falcatum (Japanese Holly Fern) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are identified. |
| Japanese Hornbeam | Carpinus japonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carpinus japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat it cautiously as potentially mildly toxic, expect at most mild GI upset if foliage is eaten, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Japanese kerria | Kerria japonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Kerria japonica is not listed as toxic by ASPCA, but the plant is not explicitly confirmed as non-toxic either. There are no well-documented toxic principles reported for this genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if pets or children ingest plant material. Treat with general caution. |
| Japanese Larch | Larix kaempferi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Larix is not individually listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database. Larch is generally considered low risk and its timber is regarded as non-toxic, but conifer needles, bark and resin can cause mild mouth irritation or stomach upset if chewed. Treat as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe and verify with a vet after any notable ingestion. |
| Japanese laurel | Aucuba japonica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | All parts of Aucuba japonica, especially the red berries, contain aucubin (an iridoid glycoside) which is toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion typically causes gastrointestinal signs — vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling — and in large doses can cause neurological effects (trembling, disorientation) and potential liver or kidney stress. The plant is not individually listed by ASPCA but is widely documented as toxic to pets by veterinary authorities including UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Japanese maple | Acer palmatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Acer palmatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. The only maple the ASPCA lists, Red Maple (Acer rubrum), is toxic to horses (wilted leaves cause red-blood-cell damage) though non-toxic to cats and dogs. Because A. palmatum's status is not individually established, treat with caution — keep horses away from wilted leaves and verify with a vet for other pets. |
| Bloodgood Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Bloodgood' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Acer palmatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status for cats and dogs is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is widely regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats, but related maples (notably Red Maple, Acer rubrum) are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to horses, so keep all maples away from horses. |
| Crimson Queen weeping maple | Acer palmatum 'Crimson Queen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | 'Crimson Queen' (Acer palmatum) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. The only ASPCA-listed maple, Red Maple (Acer rubrum), is toxic to horses (wilted leaves damage red blood cells) but non-toxic to cats and dogs. As A. palmatum's pet status is not individually established, treat with caution — keep horses from wilted leaves and verify with a vet. |
| laceleaf Japanese maple | Acer palmatum var. dissectum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acer palmatum and its dissectum forms are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats and have no recognised toxic principle, so they are treated as non-toxic. As with all maples, ingested leaves or twigs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or pose a choking risk; wilted red maple foliage is specifically toxic to horses. |
| Osakazuki maple | Acer palmatum 'Osakazuki' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acer palmatum is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats and has no recognised toxic principle, so 'Osakazuki' is treated as non-toxic. As with all maples, eaten leaves or twigs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or choking; wilted red maple foliage is specifically hazardous to horses. |
| coral bark maple | Acer palmatum 'Sango Kaku' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acer palmatum is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats and carries no recognised toxic principle, so it is treated as non-toxic. Note that wilted red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves are dangerous to horses; ingested twigs or leaves of any maple can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset or choking in pets. |
| Tamukeyama Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum var. dissectum 'Tamukeyama' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list Acer palmatum as toxic to cats or dogs; the toxic maple on the ASPCA list is red maple (Acer rubrum), which causes hemolytic anemia in horses through its wilted leaves, not this cultivar. Regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, although ingesting large amounts of foliage can cause mild, short-lived GI upset. |
| Japanese Mazus | Mazus pumilus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Mazus pumilus is not individually listed by ASPCA in their toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no documented toxic principles are recorded in the genus. However, as the plant is not ASPCA-cleared, the cautious classification applies. No severe toxicity cases in companion animals are known; consult a vet if significant ingestion by a pet occurs. |
| Japanese morning glory | Ipomoea nil | flowering | Toxic | Like other Ipomoea species, I. nil contains ergine (d-lysergic acid amide) and related ergot alkaloids concentrated in the seeds. ASPCA lists morning glory (Ipomoea species) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with signs including GI upset, agitation, tremors, and disorientation. Seeds pose the greatest risk. Keep all plant parts, especially seeds, away from pets and children. |
| Japanese Nutmeg Yew | Torreya nucifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Torreya nucifera belongs to the Taxaceae family. The seeds contain toxic compounds and should not be consumed raw. ASPCA lists Japanese Yew (Taxus) as toxic, and while Torreya is a distinct genus, its family relationship and reported seed toxicity in veterinary literature warrant treating it as potentially harmful to pets. Exercise caution and keep away from dogs and cats. |
| Japanese painted fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium niponicum is NOT individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and the ASPCA lists no members of the genus Athyrium at all (commonly cited pet-safe ferns such as Boston, button, maidenhair and holly ferns are different genera). Some horticultural sources also flag filicic acid in Athyrium ferns as a potential cause of mild GI upset, so we treat it conservatively as mildly toxic. Keep it away from pets and verify with your vet before allowing access. |
| Japanese Painted Fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' is a true fern in the family Athyriaceae. ASPCA lists Athyrium filix-femina (lady fern, same genus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Japanese Painted Fern is widely regarded as non-toxic and is generally considered safe for pets. |
| Japanese painted fern | Athyrium niponicum var. pictum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium niponicum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database (the ASPCA 'Japanese holly fern' listing is the unrelated Cyrtomium falcatum). Status is therefore not ASPCA-confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Japanese peperomia | Peperomia japonica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but every Peperomia species reviewed by the ASPCA — including P. obtusifolia, P. argyreia, P. caperata, P. griseoargentea, and P. prostrata — is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no toxic member recorded in the genus. It is treated as pet-safe on that basis; confirm with your vet if a pet ingests any plant material. |
| Japanese Pepper Vine | Piper kadsura | tropical | Mildly toxic | Piper kadsura is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other ornamental Piper species, the foliage contains piperine-related alkaloids that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by cats or dogs. Treat with caution and keep away from pets. |
| Japanese persimmon | Diospyros kaki | edible | Mildly toxic | Diospyros kaki is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The ripe fruit flesh is safe for human consumption. However, the seeds and bark of Diospyros species contain tannins and compounds reported to cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs. Out of caution, avoid allowing pets to consume seeds or large quantities of unripe fruit. |
| Japanese pieris | Pieris japonica | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs and cats (entered as Pieris and Andromeda Japonica). The toxic principle is grayanotoxins, present in all parts; signs include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, slow or abnormal heart rate, low blood pressure, and in severe cases collapse. Keep away from pets and livestock. |
| Forest Flame pieris | Pieris japonica 'Forest Flame' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs and cats under the Pieris (Andromeda Japonica) entry. All parts contain grayanotoxins; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, cardiac arrhythmia, low blood pressure, and collapse. Site away from pets and livestock. |
| Lily-of-the-Valley Shrub | Pieris japonica 'Mountain Fire' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pieris (and Andromeda Japonica) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. All parts, including leaves, flowers and pollen, contain grayanotoxins; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, cardiac arrhythmia, low blood pressure, collapse and death. Even a few leaves can be serious. |
| Japanese Pieris Flamingo | Pieris japonica 'Flamingo' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Pieris japonica contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins). The ASPCA lists Pieris japonica as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes salivation, watering of the eyes and mouth, loss of appetite, vomiting, depression, weakness, loss of coordination, hypotension, and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia in severe cases. |
| Japanese plum yew | Cephalotaxus harringtonia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cephalotaxus harringtonia is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe rating cannot be asserted. Importantly, it is NOT a true yew (Taxus) and lacks the lethal taxine alkaloids that make Taxus deadly, but it does contain cephalotaxine-type alkaloids. Treat as potentially harmful if eaten, keep pets from chewing it, and verify with a vet. |
| Japanese Privet | Ligustrum japonicum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists privet (Ligustrum, including the wax-leaf/Japanese type) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is terpenoid glycosides found in the leaves and berries. Signs range from gastrointestinal upset and drooling to incoordination, raised heart rate and, rarely, death. Keep pets from chewing foliage and ingesting berries or prunings. |
| Japanese Quince | Chaenomeles japonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chaenomeles japonica is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The cooked fruit pulp is used in human preserves, but the seeds contain cyanogenic compounds typical of pome fruits and should be kept from pets, along with thorny prunings. |
| Japanese Rose | Rosa rugosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species); the hips are edible. No toxic principles identified, though the densely bristly stems can cause mechanical injury. |
| Japanese Royal Fern | Osmunda japonica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Osmunda japonica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Osmunda genus belongs to Osmundaceae, a true fern family. No toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or oxalate crystals have been documented in this genus; it is widely considered safe around pets. |
| Japanese sage | Salvia nipponica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| Japanese Shield Fern | Polystichum retroso-paleaceum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum species are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; related species including P. munitum are listed as non-toxic on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no harmful compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Japanese Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum falcatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | All parts contain steroidal saponins; berries are the most toxic portion and can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and salivation in dogs and cats. The RHS notes this species is toxic to dogs and harmful to humans if ingested. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Polygonatum genus is classed as mildly toxic by veterinary sources. Keep fruit away from children and pets. |
| Japanese spirea | Spiraea japonica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Spiraea spp. as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Incidental nibbling may cause brief, mild gastrointestinal upset but no systemic toxicity has been documented. |
| Anthony Waterer Spirea | Spiraea japonica 'Anthony Waterer' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spiraea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is widely regarded as non-toxic (a Rosaceae shrub), but ingestion of any plant matter can cause mild stomach upset, vomiting or diarrhoea in dogs and cats. |
| Goldflame Spirea | Spiraea japonica 'Goldflame' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Spiraea species as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, so 'Goldflame' is considered pet-safe. It contains none of the toxic saponins, oxalates, or glycosides of concern, though eating any plant material may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Japanese Spurge | Pachysandra terminalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pachysandra terminalis is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats, but the plant contains alkaloids (including pacchysandrine) and saponins. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets. Treat with caution and prevent pets from grazing on it. Contact your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Japanese Stiff Shield Fern | Polystichum rigens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Polystichum is consistently listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No documented toxic compounds are known for Polystichum rigens. |
| Murasaki sweet potato | Ipomoea batatas 'Murasaki' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Sweet Potato Vine, Ipomoea batatas), with no toxic principle identified. This is the true edible sweet potato, distinct from toxic ornamental morning-glory species. Large amounts of any rich food can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Japanese Tassel Fern | Polystichum polyblepharum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum species (including P. munitum, listed as non-toxic on the ASPCA database) are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic compounds have been identified in P. polyblepharum. |
| Japanese Timber Bamboo | Phyllostachys bambusoides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys bambusoides is a true bamboo (Poaceae) and is non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The ASPCA lists true bamboo genera as non-toxic. Its young shoots (takenoko) are consumed as a food crop in Japan and widely eaten when properly prepared. Not to be confused with lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana), which is mildly toxic. |
| Japanese tree lilac | Syringa reticulata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Japanese tree lilac (Syringa reticulata), a true Syringa, is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; generally regarded as non-toxic but not ASPCA-confirmed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Do not confuse with the ASPCA-toxic Persian lilac (Melia azedarach), an unrelated plant. |
| Japanese Tree Lilac | Syringa reticulata 'Ivory Silk' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists true lilac (Syringa) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This is genuine lilac, not the toxic 'Persian lilac' (Melia azedarach); Syringa reticulata is a true lilac and pet-safe, with at most mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Japanese umbrella pine | Sciadopitys verticillata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and it is a true conifer unrelated to the toxic Schefflera 'umbrella tree/plant' on the ASPCA list, so its pet status is not formally classified. With no confirmed ASPCA grounding either way, treat it as uncertain: it is not known to be significantly toxic, but verify with a vet before assuming it is safe and keep pets from chewing it. |
| Japanese walnut | Juglans ailantifolia | edible | Toxic | Juglans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Japanese walnut shares walnut hazards: moldy nuts and husks can carry tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) causing tremors and seizures in dogs, and the fatty kernels risk GI upset or pancreatitis. Juglone in hulls and roots is toxic to horses. Keep fallen nuts and husks away from pets and livestock; check any ingestion with a vet. |
| Japanese White Pine | Pinus parviflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus parviflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and pines are not on the ASPCA toxic plant list, but pine needles and sap can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and the stiff needles pose a mechanical injury risk if chewed. Treat with caution around pets and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is fully pet-safe. |
| blue Japanese white pine | Pinus parviflora 'Glauca' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Pine needles and resin can cause mild oral irritation, drooling and stomach upset if chewed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Japanese Wood Poppy | Hylomecon japonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a member of the Papaveraceae family, Hylomecon japonica contains isoquinoline alkaloids (including berberine and related compounds) in its roots, rhizomes, and sap. These alkaloids can cause gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, and lethargy if ingested by cats or dogs. Not listed on the ASPCA database; classified as mildly toxic on a precautionary basis. |
| Japanese Zelkova | Zelkova serrata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Zelkova serrata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat it with caution as potentially mildly toxic, expect possible mild GI upset from ingested foliage, and verify with a vet if a pet eats any part. |
| Jargonelle pear | Pyrus communis 'Jargonelle' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pear seeds contain amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside, as is common in Rosaceae. The ripe fruit flesh is entirely safe and edible. Swallowing a few seeds is unlikely to cause harm, but large quantities should be avoided. ASPCA considers Pyrus communis fruits non-toxic to dogs and cats; seeds are a minor concern only in large amounts. |
| Jarrahdale pumpkin | Cucurbita maxima 'Jarrahdale' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita pumpkins are absent from the ASPCA toxic plant list, and plain cooked pumpkin is generally regarded as safe for cats and dogs. Offer only plain, unseasoned flesh and avoid sweetened or spiced pumpkin preparations. |
| Pink jasmine | Jasminum polyanthum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list Jasminum polyanthum individually, but lists the genus "Jasmine" (Jasminum species, family Oleaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no toxic Jasminum members; verify with your vet if your pet ingests any plant. Note that several unrelated plants share the "jasmine" name and ARE toxic, including Carolina/Carolina yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens) and cape jasmine/gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) — those are different genera, not true Jasminum. |
| red jasmine | Jasminum beesianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True jasmines of the genus Jasminum (family Oleaceae) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bees' jasmine is a genuine Jasminum species, so it is considered pet-safe — unlike unrelated plants sold as 'jasmine' (such as Carolina or Cape jasmine), which can be toxic. As with any plant, chewing large amounts may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| primrose jasmine | Jasminum mesnyi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists true jasmine (Jasminum species) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Note that several toxic plants share the 'jasmine' common name (e.g. Cape jasmine/Gardenia, Carolina jasmine/Gelsemium) — confirm the botanical name Jasminum mesnyi to be sure you have the safe species. |
| winter jasmine | Jasminum nudiflorum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists true jasmine (Jasminum species) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Beware of unrelated plants that borrow the 'jasmine' name — Carolina/yellow jasmine (Gelsemium) and Cape jasmine (Gardenia) are toxic — so verify the botanical name Jasminum nudiflorum. |
| Grand Duke jasmine | Jasminum sambac 'Grand Duke of Tuscany' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (listed under 'Jasmine', Jasminum species). Note true jasmines are safe, but unrelated plants sold as 'jasmine' (e.g. Cestrum, Gelsemium 'Carolina jasmine') are toxic, so confirm the botanical name. |
| Maid of Orleans jasmine | Jasminum sambac 'Maid of Orleans' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Jasmine, Jasminum species). No toxic principle is recorded. Note the name trap: this is genuine Jasminum sambac, not the highly toxic Gelsemium (Carolina jessamine/'false jasmine'); verify by botanical name rather than common name. |
| Java Plum | Syzygium cumini | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Syzygium cumini is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant databases for dogs or cats, and no known toxic principles have been documented in available veterinary or horticultural literature. The fruit is widely consumed by humans and wildlife. As always, large quantities of any fruit can cause digestive upset in pets; moderation applies. |
| Javanese Ixora | Ixora javanica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ixora javanica is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus contains iridoid glycosides; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. As a precautionary measure, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from dogs and cats. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. Not considered acutely dangerous to humans but should not be consumed. |
| Jean's Dilly Spruce | Picea glauca 'Jean's Dilly' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Picea glauca (white spruce) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. 'Jean's Dilly' is a cultivar of white spruce and shares this non-toxic classification; ingestion of small amounts of needles may cause mild mechanical irritation but is not expected to cause systemic toxicity. |
| Jeddeloh Hemlock | Tsuga canadensis 'Jeddeloh' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock, the tree) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Note: this is the conifer Tsuga — not to be confused with the poisonous herbaceous plant Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), which is unrelated. |
| Jelena witch hazel | Hamamelis × intermedia 'Jelena' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hamamelis × intermedia cultivars including 'Jelena' are not specifically listed as toxic or non-toxic by ASPCA. Witch hazel bark and leaves contain tannins that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if ingested. Caution is advised. |
| Pork and Beans | Sedum rubrotinctum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Sedum rubrotinctum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and sources conflict — some report it as non-toxic while others flag the sap as a skin and gastrointestinal irritant. Treat it with caution, keep it away from pets that chew, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. Do not assume it is fully pet-safe. |
| Jelly bean plant | Sedum × rubrotinctum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Sedum × rubrotinctum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. Other Sedum species the ASPCA does list (Burro's Tail, Sedum morganianum, and Hardy Baby Tears, Sedum album) are classed non-toxic, but this hybrid's sap is widely documented to cause mild skin irritation and gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting) if touched or eaten, so we treat it conservatively as mildly toxic. Keep it away from pets and children, wear gloves when pruning, and verify with your vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Jelly Palm | Butia odorata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Butia odorata is a true palm (Arecaceae) with no reported toxic principles. The fruit is edible for humans; no toxic compounds affecting dogs or cats have been documented. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principle is known. Large quantities of the fibrous fruit may cause mild digestive upset in pets. |
| Ginny Peperomia | Peperomia clusiifolia 'Jelly' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus, including P. clusiifolia, is recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic, so Jelly Peperomia is safe around pets. |
| Jenkins Fan Palm | Livistona jenkinsiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Livistona jenkinsiana is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the Arecaceae family, which has no documented toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. General ASPCA guidance consistently treats true palms as non-toxic. Petioles bear recurved spines that are a physical hazard — site with care and wear gloves when handling. Consult a vet if ingestion concerns arise. |
| Jersey Knight asparagus | Asparagus officinalis 'Jersey Knight' | edible | Mildly toxic | The edible spears of garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are a human food. Do not confuse the vegetable with the ASPCA-toxic ornamental asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus). As an all-male hybrid 'Jersey Knight' rarely sets the red berries that cause mild stomach upset in pets, but the ferny foliage may still irritate; treat with caution and verify with a vet if symptoms occur. |
| Jerusalem Artichoke | Helianthus tuberosus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus tuberosus tubers and foliage are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. The tubers contain inulin (a fructan), which can cause temporary digestive gas in some humans and animals if consumed in large quantities, but this is not a toxicity issue. No toxic principles are reported for this species. |
| Fuseau Jerusalem artichoke | Helianthus tuberosus 'Fuseau' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists sunflower (Helianthus) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is in the same genus and not a poisoning risk. The inulin-rich tubers can cause gas or loose stool if a pet eats a lot, but they are not toxic. |
| Red Fuseau sunchoke | Helianthus tuberosus 'Red Fuseau' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Helianthus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Stampede sunchoke | Helianthus tuberosus 'Stampede' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Helianthus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Jerusalem sage | Phlomis fruticosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis fruticosa is not recorded on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. It is a member of the Lamiaceae (mint family), and no systemic toxic principles have been reported in published veterinary or toxicological literature for this genus. However, because it is not formally confirmed as non-toxic by ASPCA, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Jewel orchid | Ludisia discolor | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists the jewel orchid (as Haemaria discolor, a synonym of Ludisia discolor; also called golden lace orchid) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As with any non-toxic plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Jewel Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Jewel' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts of Jewel strawberry are considered safe for pets. |
| Jimmy Nardello pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Jimmy Nardello' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum annuum (this sweet frying pepper) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, so an affirmative pet-safe label cannot be given; the ASPCA's 'Ornamental Pepper' entry is for Solanum pseudocapsicum, not Capsicum. Although Jimmy Nardello carries no heat, the genus is best treated with caution for pets and pepper foliage can cause GI upset, so keep plants and pods out of reach and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Joan J raspberry | Rubus idaeus 'Joan J' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Rubus / raspberry is classed non-toxic). Both fruit and foliage are pet-safe; only large amounts of ingested plant material may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Joe-Pye weed | Eutrochium purpureum | flowering | Toxic | Joe-Pye weed is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a close relative of Eupatorium it contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids capable of causing cumulative liver damage if ingested over time. Treat it as toxic and keep cats, dogs and livestock from grazing it; signs of plant ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and weakness. Confirm any exposure with a vet. |
| Johann's Neoregelia | Neoregelia johannis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No irritant or toxic compounds have been identified in Neoregelia johannis. Safe for pet-friendly homes. |
| Johannes Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus johannis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. |
| Johnson's Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis johnsonii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis johnsonii (syn. Acianthera johnsonii) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, Orchidaceae has no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses, and the ASPCA confirms related orchid genera non-toxic. No toxic compounds have been reported for this species in the literature. |
| Johnston's Cyrtosperma | Cyrtosperma johnstonii | tropical | Toxic | Cyrtosperma johnstonii belongs to the Araceae family and, like all Cyrtosperma species, contains calcium oxalate raphide crystals throughout its tissues. Ingestion of raw material causes severe oral burning, mucosal irritation, vomiting, and gastrointestinal distress in cats, dogs, and humans. ASPCA classifies the Araceae family as toxic to cats and dogs. Cooking destroys the crystals in edible species, but C. johnstonii is not a recognised food crop. |
| Jointed Pectinaria | Pectinaria articulata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pectinaria is a stapeliad in Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae) and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Other Apocynaceae relatives contain potentially toxic alkaloids or cardenolides. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children. |
| Jolly Bee Cranesbill | Geranium 'Jolly Bee' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium species (containing geraniol and linalool), not to true Geranium cranesbills. True Geranium is not individually listed as toxic or confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA; treat with caution around pets. |
| Jonagold apple | Malus domestica 'Jonagold' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Only the flesh is safe; the stems, leaves and seeds carry cyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide when wilting leaves or crushed pips are chewed, producing brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting and shock. Keep prunings and windfalls away from pets. |
| Jonkheer van Tets redcurrant | Ribes rubrum 'Jonkheer van Tets' | edible | Mildly toxic | Redcurrant (Ribes rubrum) is not individually listed in the ASPCA non-toxic or toxic plant database, so its pet status is treated as uncertain; handle with caution and verify with a vet. The grape/raisin and dried 'Zante currant' toxicity warning concerns unrelated grapevine fruit, not true Ribes; pet-safety here is not ASPCA-confirmed. |
| Jonquil | Narcissus jonquilla | flowering | Toxic | All Narcissus species, including N. jonquilla, contain lycorine and related alkaloids throughout the plant, concentrated in the bulb. ASPCA lists daffodils (Narcissus spp.) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, hypotension, and potentially cardiac or respiratory effects. The strong fragrance is harmless in open air but may cause headaches indoors in quantity. Sap causes contact dermatitis. |
| copper jordaaniella | Jordaaniella cuprea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Jordaaniella cuprea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before relying on it around pets. The closely related listed ice-plant genera in the Aizoaceae (Lampranthus, Dinteranthus) are ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, but without a species-level entry we do not assert pet-safe here. |
| Joseph's coat | Amaranthus tricolor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Amaranthus tricolor is widely eaten as a leaf vegetable by humans, but the genus Amaranthus includes A. retroflexus (pigweed), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats and horses due to soluble oxalates. Ornamental Amaranthus contains oxalates and nitrates that may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets with significant ingestion, and large quantities can be harmful to livestock. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic to pets and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Joseph's coat plant | Alternanthera ficoidea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Alternanthera ficoidea (Joseph's Coat) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (aspca.org). The Amaranthaceae family has no known toxic principles affecting pets. |
| Joseph's Lepanthes | Lepanthes josephii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lepanthes is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and contains no known toxic principles or irritant compounds. Orchidaceae is broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No cases of poisoning from this genus are documented; however, ingestion of fibrous material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Josephine de Malines pear | Pyrus communis 'Josephine de Malines' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The flesh and leaves are considered safe. Seeds contain trace amounts of amygdalin and should not be given to pets in quantity. |
| Josephine's lily | Brunsvigia josephinae | flowering | Toxic | Brunsvigia josephinae belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains lycorine and related phenanthridine alkaloids throughout all plant parts, with the highest concentration in the bulb. Signs of poisoning in cats and dogs include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, hypersalivation, and in severe cases tremors and collapse. Related genera (Amaryllis, Clivia, Narcissus) are confirmed toxic by the ASPCA. Treat all parts of Brunsvigia as equally hazardous and keep well away from pets. |
| jostaberry | Ribes × nidigrolaria | edible | Mildly toxic | The jostaberry and its parent Ribes (currants and gooseberries) are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so the pet status is not formally classified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note that Ribes currants are botanically unrelated to the dried vine fruit (Vitis raisins/currants) linked to canine kidney toxicity, but absence from the ASPCA list is not proof of safety, so do not assume pet-safe. |
| Jubilee Celebration | Rosa 'Jubilee Celebration' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: true roses (Rosa species) are non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The risk is mechanical injury from thorns, not poisoning; keep pets clear of cut stems and prunings. |
| Jujube | Ziziphus jujuba | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ziziphus jujuba is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status for cats and dogs is unverified. The fruit flesh is widely eaten, but the seeds/pits and unripe fruit can cause upset or choking; treat the plant as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safety. |
| Julia Child Rose | Rosa 'Julia Child' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Rosa). No toxic compounds are present; thorns pose only a physical risk. |
| Jungfrau Saxifrage | Saxifraga cotyledon | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No toxic principles are documented for Saxifraga cotyledon. Saxifraga stolonifera is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA, and the wider genus is not associated with pet toxicity. |
| Jungle geranium | Ixora coccinea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Ixora coccinea (Rubiaceae), under the common names "Flame of the Woods" and "Jungle Geranium," as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| dwarf Japanese juniper | Juniperus procumbens 'Nana' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juniperus species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so no pet-safe assurance can be given. Veterinary and horticultural sources describe mild toxicity from labdane acids in the foliage and berries, causing gastrointestinal upset; cats appear more sensitive than dogs. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Juniper-leaved Thrift | Armeria juniperifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Armeria species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for the genus Armeria in veterinary literature; considered non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. |
| Juno iris | Iris graeberiana | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the genus Iris, Iris graeberiana is toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA toxic list for Iris). The bulb and storage roots contain irisin, terpenoids, and quinones. Symptoms of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy; veterinary attention should be sought immediately. |
| Jupiter's Distaff | Salvia glutinosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principle identified. |
| Jurisic's sage | Salvia jurisicii | herb | Mildly toxic | Salvia jurisicii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. While common sage (Salvia officinalis) is classed as non-toxic, this species has not been independently verified; as a precaution it is treated as mildly toxic — contact with leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. |
| Just Joey | Rosa 'Just Joey' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species; toxic principle: none). The only hazard is the thorns, which can cause physical scratches if pets push through or chew the canes. |
| Yellow shrimp plant | Justicia aurea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Justicia aurea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and there is no established ASPCA genus ruling for Justicia. While many Acanthaceae relatives are non-toxic, that is not a basis to assert safety, so treat with caution: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Polka dot justicia | Justicia scheidweileri | tropical | Mildly toxic | Justicia scheidweileri is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Justicia is not ASPCA-classified, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat as uncertain, keep out of reach of pets, and verify with a vet rather than relying on unverified 'pet-safe' claims. |
| Kaapsehoop Cycad | Encephalartos laevifolius | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos cycads are severely toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Cycasin and other azoxyglycoside compounds in seeds, leaves, and roots cause acute liver failure, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and death. ASPCA lists cycads as severely toxic. Any ingestion is a veterinary emergency. |
| kabocha squash | Cucurbita maxima 'Kabocha' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Squash and pumpkins (Cucurbita) are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and plain cooked squash flesh is widely regarded as safe and even beneficial for cats and dogs. Avoid heavily bittered fruit (rare cucurbitacin spikes) and never feed seasoned or sugared preparations. |
| Kacip Fatimah | Labisia pumila | tropical | Mildly toxic | Labisia pumila is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to the family Primulaceae (formerly Myrsinaceae). The plant contains saponins and other bioactive compounds and is used medicinally in traditional practice — medicinal plants with active phytochemicals should be treated with caution around pets. No specific pet toxicity studies are available; err on the side of caution and keep out of reach of cats and dogs. |
| Kadota fig | Ficus carica 'Kadota' | edible | Toxic | Ficus is listed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The milky sap contains ficin plus irritant proteolytic enzymes and psoralens that irritate the mouth and skin and can cause drooling and vomiting if foliage is chewed. Ripe figs are edible for humans; leaves and latex are the pet hazard. |
| kaffir lime | Citrus hystrix | herb | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Citrus species (e.g. lime, Citrus aurantifolia) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens, which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and skin photosensitivity/dermatitis, particularly from the peel, leaves, and stems. As a Citrus species, makrut lime carries the same risk. |
| Kahili Ginger | Hedychium gardnerianum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hedychium gardnerianum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant Database as a significant toxic hazard, but the Zingiberaceae family can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs if ingested in quantity. Rhizomes and berries contain irritant compounds. Given the absence of a confirmed ASPCA 'Non-Toxic' listing, a 'mildly-toxic' classification is appropriate; if a pet ingests any part, contact your vet or the Animal Poison Control Center for advice. |
| kai-lan | Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica oleracea cultivars are widely treated as safe in moderation for cats and dogs, but the ASPCA's Brassica/Indian Mustard listing is toxic to horses (isothiocyanates; gastrointestinal irritation and colic), and isothiocyanates and oxalates in the genus can cause GI upset, gas, and—rarely, with large repeated amounts—thiocyanate effects in pets. Keep away from horses and consult a vet for any unwell animal. |
| Kalamata olive | Olea europaea 'Kalamata' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Olea europaea (olive tree) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts — leaves, fruit, and wood — are considered safe for pets. Olive leaves and unprocessed fruit are bitter but not harmful if ingested. |
| flaming Katy | Kalanchoe blossfeldiana | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides). Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, and rarely heart arrhythmia. Veterinary attention if ingested. |
| Calandiva | Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Calandiva' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Kalanchoe contains bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides) throughout the plant. Ingestion commonly causes vomiting, diarrhoea and drooling; in larger amounts it can disrupt heart rhythm. Keep flowers and foliage away from pets and remove any fallen leaves. |
| Kerinci kalanchoe | Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Kerinci' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Kalanchoe). The toxic principles are bufadienolide cardiac glycosides; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea and, with larger ingestions, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep out of reach of pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if eaten. |
| felt bush | Kalanchoe beharensis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides); signs include vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep away from pets and ring ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if ingested. |
| snow white panda plant | Kalanchoe eriophylla | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides). Ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and drooling, and larger amounts can cause abnormal heart rhythm. Keep away from pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center if eaten. |
| lavender scallops | Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides); signs include vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep trailing stems out of pets' reach and contact ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if eaten. |
| long-flower kalanchoe | Kalanchoe longiflora | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides) found throughout the plant; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| penwiper plant | Kalanchoe marmorata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides), with clinical signs of vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. The toxin is present in leaves, stems and flowers. Although Kalanchoe marmorata is not named individually, the genus is treated as toxic, so we class it the same. Keep it well away from pets and seek veterinary advice promptly if ingestion is suspected. |
| millot's kalanchoe | Kalanchoe millotii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic compounds are bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides) present throughout the plant; signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling and lethargy, with cardiac effects possible in larger doses. Keep away from pets. |
| copper spoons | Kalanchoe orgyalis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides); signs include vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep out of reach and contact ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if eaten. |
| flower dust plant | Kalanchoe pumila | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides); signs include vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep away from pets and call ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if ingested. |
| pies from heaven | Kalanchoe rhombopilosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides); signs include vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep away from pets and ring ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if ingested. |
| walking kalanchoe | Kalanchoe synsepala | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides). Ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and drooling, and in larger amounts can cause abnormal heart rhythm. Keep well away from pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center if eaten. |
| flap jack kalanchoe | Kalanchoe thyrsiflora | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides); signs include vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep out of reach and contact ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if eaten. |
| chocolate soldier | Kalanchoe tomentosa 'Chocolate Soldier' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides); signs include vomiting, diarrhoea and, rarely, abnormal heart rhythm. Keep away from pets and call ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if ingested. |
| curly kale | Brassica oleracea var. sabellica | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Brassica species as toxic to cats, dogs, and especially horses in quantity. Small amounts of cooked kale are widely fed to dogs without issue; large raw amounts can cause GI upset and goitrogen issues over time. |
| Kamchatka Bugbane | Actaea simplex | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like other Actaea species, Actaea simplex contains triterpene glycosides and may cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. The ASPCA does not individually list this species, but baneberry relatives are broadly considered irritating to pets and humans. Exercise caution and keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Kangaroo paw fern | Microsorum diversifolium | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Microsorum diversifolium is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, and no other Microsorum species is listed either, so its pet status is not formally established (the ASPCA-listed non-toxic relative, the staghorn fern Platycerium bifurcatum, is a different genus). True ferns are generally low risk, but as a precaution treat it as mildly toxic, keep it out of reach, and verify with your vet before relying on it being pet-safe. |
| Kangaroo Ivy | Cissus antarctica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Cissus genus as non-toxic, with Grape Ivy (Cissus rhombifolia) explicitly recorded as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Kangaroo Vine (Cissus antarctica) is a close relative within the same safe genus and is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Karl Foerster feather reed grass | Calamagrostis x acutiflora 'Karl Foerster' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calamagrostis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Karl Foerster Feather Reed Grass | Calamagrostis acutiflora 'Karl Foerster' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calamagrostis acutiflora and the cultivar 'Karl Foerster' are not individually listed by ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant databases. No known toxic principles have been identified in the genus. Leaf tips can be sharp and may cause minor mechanical irritation. Generally regarded as safe around pets and livestock. |
| karley rose fountain grass | Pennisetum orientale 'Karley Rose' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pennisetum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Karoo Cycad | Encephalartos lehmannii | tropical | Toxic | As an Encephalartos species, all plant parts — especially seeds — contain cycasin and related azoxy glycosides that are potently hepatotoxic and neurotoxic. The ASPCA classifies cycads (including Encephalartos) as severely toxic to dogs and cats, with ingestion potentially causing liver failure and death. Children are also at serious risk from seed ingestion. |
| Kashmir Cypress | Cupressus cashmeriana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus cashmeriana is not specifically listed by ASPCA. As with other cypress species, the foliage and resin contain aromatic terpene compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in dogs or cats if ingested. Not considered severely toxic, but significant ingestion should be evaluated by a veterinarian. |
| Kashmir gentian | Gentiana cachemirica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana cachemirica is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Gentians contain bitter secoiridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs if consumed in quantity. A mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Kashmir rowan | Sorbus cashmeriana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Raw Sorbus berries contain parasorbic acid and cyanogenic glycosides at low levels, which can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans if eaten raw in significant amounts. ASPCA does not specifically list Sorbus cashmeriana. Treat raw berries as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Katz Sakura stock | Matthiola incana 'Katz Sakura' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Matthiola incana (stock) is considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Members of the Brassicaceae family generally lack toxic alkaloids. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are consumed. |
| Kauri | Agathis australis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agathis australis is reported to be non-toxic to humans and pets. The tree produces sticky kauri gum resin that, while not poisonous, can adhere firmly to fur or skin. ASPCA does not individually list this genus, but no toxic principle has been reported in the Araucariaceae family. |
| Kaurima Pyrenacantha | Pyrenacantha kaurabassana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pyrenacantha kaurabassana (family Icacinaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No specific toxic principle has been formally documented, but the genus is not confirmed as non-toxic; treat with caution and keep out of reach of pets and children as a precaution. |
| Keisk's leucothoe | Leucothoe keiskei | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dog Hobble (Leucothoe species) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is grayanotoxin. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, cardiovascular collapse, weakness, low blood pressure, and potentially coma or death. L. keiskei shares this family toxicity; keep away from all pets and livestock. |
| Keiske's Leucothoe | Leucothoe keiskei | flowering | Toxic | Leucothoe sp. are listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The toxic principle is grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), which disrupt sodium channels. Clinical signs include hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, low blood pressure, cardiovascular collapse, coma, and potentially death; even a few leaves can cause serious poisoning. |
| Keitt mango | Mangifera indica 'Keitt' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mango (Mangifera indica) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is usually tolerated in small amounts, but the skin, sap and leaves contain urushiol-related compounds (same family as poison ivy and cashew) that can irritate, and the large pit carries a trace of cyanide and a real choking/obstruction risk. Keep peel, pits and clippings away from pets. |
| Kellerman's begonia | Begonia kellermanii | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates (most concentrated in the underground parts) cause oral irritation, burning of the mouth and throat, hypersalivation, and vomiting. |
| Kelsey's phlox | Phlox kelseyi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox kelseyi is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While Phlox subulata is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic, extrapolating that across all Phlox species cannot be done with certainty. Classified as mildly-toxic on a precautionary basis until a species-specific listing is confirmed. |
| Kenneally's sundew | Drosera kenneallyi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera kenneallyi is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented in the Drosera genus; the plant is considered non-toxic to pets, though the mucilage may cause mild local irritation if consumed in large quantities. |
| Kennebec potato | Solanum tuberosum 'Kennebec' | edible | Toxic | Toxic per the ASPCA listing for potato (Solanum tuberosum). Green foliage, stems, sprouts and any greened tubers contain solanine glycoalkaloids, which can cause hypersalivation, gastrointestinal upset, lethargy and CNS depression in cats and dogs. Only the cured, non-green tuber is edible; keep pets away from the plant and green peel. |
| Kent mango | Mangifera indica 'Kent' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mango (Mangifera indica) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is usually tolerated in small amounts, but the skin, sap and leaves carry urushiol-related compounds (the same plant family as poison ivy and cashew) that can irritate, and the seed contains a trace of cyanide plus a choking/blockage risk. Keep peel, pits and clippings away from pets. |
| paradise palm | Howea forsteriana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Howea forsteriana is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe around cats and dogs. |
| Kentucky wisteria | Wisteria macrostachya | flowering | Toxic | All Wisteria species, including W. macrostachya, are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles are lectin and wisterin glycoside, with the highest concentrations in seed pods and seeds. Ingestion causes vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and depression. Contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) immediately if a pet is suspected of eating any part of this plant. |
| Kentucky Wonder Pole Bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Kentucky Wonder' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are edible crops; raw seeds contain phytohaemagglutinin (PHA/lectin) which is toxic to humans if undercooked, but ASPCA does not list P. vulgaris as toxic to pets, and cooked or fresh green pods present no meaningful toxicity risk. |
| Keramanthus Adenia | Adenia keramanthus | houseplant | Toxic | Every part of Adenia keramanthus is poisonous — sellers and growers consistently flag this. The Adenia genus (Passifloraceae) contains cyanogenic glycosides and ribosome-inactivating proteins including modeccin. Adenia keramanthus is not individually listed by ASPCA but is documented as highly toxic; ingestion poses serious risk to pets and children. Wear gloves when handling and keep out of reach of animals. |
| David's keteleeria | Keteleeria davidiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Keteleeria is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No toxicity data is documented for this rare conifer, but as with other pine-family trees, ingested needles and sap may cause mild oral and gastrointestinal irritation, so discourage chewing. |
| Key lime | Citrus aurantifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Citrus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to citrus essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens concentrated in the leaves and rind. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset, lethargy, and photosensitivity. The juice and flesh at minor doses carry lower risk but are not considered safe for pets. |
| Khimp | Leptadenia pyrotechnica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Leptadenia pyrotechnica belongs to family Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae). Research has confirmed the presence of cardenolides (cardiac glycosides), alkaloids, and cytotoxic compounds in stem and latex extracts. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but given the documented cardenolide content, it cannot be considered pet-safe. Caution is warranted — keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Khirni | Manilkara hexandra | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Manilkara hexandra is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the useful-tropical-plants database and research literature document no known hazards. The ripe fruit is widely consumed by people across India and Sri Lanka, and no toxic principles have been identified in the flesh. As always, prevent pets from consuming seeds in quantity as a general precaution. |
| Kidney Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum reniforme | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Adiantum reniforme shares the same non-toxic profile and is safe in homes with pets. |
| Kidney Vetch | Anthyllis vulneraria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Anthyllis vulneraria is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. No confirmed records of significant toxicity to dogs or cats have been found in veterinary literature; however, as the ASPCA safety status is unconfirmed, it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| kidney-leaved bladderwort | Utricularia reniformis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Utricularia reniformis is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. No toxic compounds are documented for the genus Utricularia. The bladder trap mechanism is specific to microscopic aquatic and soil invertebrates and poses no risk to cats or dogs. Considered safe in pet-inclusive households. |
| Kiftsgate Rose | Rosa filipes 'Kiftsgate' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Rosa). No poisonous compounds in petals, leaves or hips; the only real risk is physical injury from the abundant strong thorns. |
| Killarney Fern | Vandenboschia speciosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Vandenboschia speciosa (syn. Trichomanes speciosum) is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus or family, but the absence of an ASPCA safety confirmation means the plant cannot be certified as pet-safe. Classify as mildly-toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Kim cape primrose | Streptocarpus 'Kim' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus spp. are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. 'Kim' is a hybrid cultivar within this non-toxic genus; no toxic principles are reported. |
| sword fern | Nephrolepis obliterata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nephrolepis obliterata is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| King Alfred Daffodil | Narcissus pseudonarcissus 'King Alfred' | flowering | Toxic | As with all Narcissus, 'King Alfred' contains lycorine, narcissine, and calcium oxalate crystals throughout all plant parts, especially concentrated in the bulbs. ASPCA classifies the genus Narcissus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, and potentially cardiac arrhythmia. Bulb sap can cause skin irritation ('daffodil itch') in humans. |
| King Anthurium | Anthurium veitchii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Anthurium (Araceae) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; A. veitchii is not listed by species but belongs to the same genus, whose toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates that cause oral irritation, drooling and vomiting if chewed. |
| King Billy pine | Athrotaxis selaginoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Athrotaxis is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats and dogs. With no authoritative listing, treat it as uncertain — a possible GI irritant if chewed — and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe around pets. |
| King Ferdinand's saxifrage | Saxifraga federici-augusti | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| King George aster | Aster amellus 'King George' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aster amellus cultivars are not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Aster genus has no known toxic principle and is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with all plants, contact a vet if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| King Henry Venus flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'King Henry' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Dionaea muscipula (Venus fly trap) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are present in this cultivar. |
| King of Hearts bleeding heart | Dicentra 'King of Hearts' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Dicentra it contains isoquinoline alkaloids; per the ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline, bleeding heart ingestion can cause trembling, staggering, drooling, vomiting and seizures in larger amounts. Wear gloves, as the sap can irritate skin. |
| King of Hearts Siberian bugloss | Brunnera macrophylla 'King of Hearts' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a borage-family (Boraginaceae) plant that may contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset and is best prevented. |
| king palm | Archontophoenix cunninghamiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Archontophoenix is a true feather palm in the family Arecaceae, which the ASPCA does not classify as toxic, listing comparable feather palms (e.g. areca, parlor) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Considered pet-safe; if uncertain about an individual pet, verify with a vet. |
| King Richard leek | Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum 'King Richard' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists leeks and other Allium species as toxic to cats and dogs. Thiosulphates in the leaves and stems cause oxidative red-blood-cell damage and haemolytic anaemia; signs include vomiting, lethargy, weakness, pale gums and red-tinged urine. Keep trimmings and shafts away from pets. |
| King Size Scarlet everlasting | Xerochrysum bracteatum 'King Size Scarlet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Xerochrysum bracteatum cultivars are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. As with any plant, ingestion of plant material may cause mild stomach upset in sensitive pets. |
| king sundew | Drosera regia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera (sundews) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its safety status is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. The sticky mucilage can also cause mild mouth or gut irritation if chewed. Keep out of reach of curious cats and dogs. |
| Kirchhoff's Air Plant | Tillandsia kirchhoffiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tillandsia is not formally listed by ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Classified here as mildly-toxic given the absent ASPCA listing. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Kirk's Huernia | Huernia kirkii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Huernia kirkii (Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been documented for the Huernia genus, and reports from reputable succulent reference sources consistently note no toxic effects on pets or humans. |
| Kitten tails | Besseya bullii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Besseya bullii (Plantaginaceae) is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and its phytochemical profile has not been widely studied. Members of this family can contain iridoid glycosides. Given the lack of confirmed safety data, it is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. Contact a vet if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Kiwano | Cucumis metuliferus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Cucumis metuliferus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The RHS notes that bitter forms of the fruit can be toxic and the jelly can contain saponin; ripe sweet fruit is eaten by people, but keep pets from chewing bitter fruit, foliage or stems, which may cause gastrointestinal upset. |
| Tricolor Aeonium | Aeonium haworthii 'Kiwi' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be confirmed as pet-safe; related Crassulaceae such as Kalanchoe and Crassula are ASPCA-listed as toxic. Treat as uncertain, keep out of reach of pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Kloss's pitcher plant | Nepenthes klossii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes klossii is not listed by the ASPCA on their Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no documented toxic compound harmful to cats or dogs has been reported for this species. Because insufficient data exist to confirm it as pet-safe, it is classified as mildly-toxic; digestive fluid in the pitchers may irritate mucous membranes if ingested. |
| Klotzsch's Parlour Palm | Chamaedorea klotzschiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Chamaedorea species (under common names including Parlor Palm and Good Luck Palm) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are identified. |
| Knap Hill Scarlet quince | Chaenomeles x superba 'Knap Hill Scarlet' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chaenomeles fruits contain cyanogenic compounds in the seeds, similar to other Rosaceae members. The fleshy fruit pulp is edible (often used in preserves) but raw seeds should not be consumed. ASPCA does not individually list Chaenomeles; caution advised around pets that may chew woody stems or seeds. |
| Macedonian scabious | Knautia macedonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Knautia macedonica is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. While the related scabious (Scabiosa) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, that listing does not extend to Knautia; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Alcazar torch lily | Kniphofia 'Alcazar' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kniphofia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Bees' Sunset red hot poker | Kniphofia 'Bees' Sunset' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kniphofia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Little Maid red hot poker | Kniphofia 'Little Maid' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kniphofia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Tawny King red hot poker | Kniphofia 'Tawny King' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kniphofia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| dwarf red hot poker | Kniphofia triangularis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kniphofia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| red hot poker | Kniphofia uvaria | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Torch Lily (Kniphofia, family Asphodelaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Eating large amounts of foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from chewing it even though it is not poisonous. |
| Knock Out Rose | Rosa 'Knock Out' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; genuine Rosa species, including this cultivar, are non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Practical risks are thorn injuries and minor GI upset from chewing leaves, not poisoning. |
| Knotted Clover | Trifolium striatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trifolium striatum belongs to a genus with no documented toxic principles for cats or dogs. It shares the toxicological profile of the wider Trifolium genus (white clover confirmed ASPCA non-toxic). No toxic alkaloids or glycosides are reported for this species. |
| Knotweed begonia | Begonia polygonoides | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; the roots and underground parts contain the highest concentrations. Ingestion causes immediate oral burning, drooling, and vomiting in cats and dogs; in grazing animals kidney failure is a risk. The jointed, grass-like stems can attract curious cats — keep the plant out of reach. |
| kobus magnolia | Magnolia kobus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Magnolia kobus is in the genus Magnolia, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds are associated with this species. |
| Koehne's rowan | Sorbus koehneana | flowering | Mildly toxic | As with other Sorbus species, raw berries contain parasorbic acid which can cause gastrointestinal irritation in pets and humans if consumed raw in quantity. ASPCA does not specifically list Sorbus koehneana. The berries are not palatable raw. Treat as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Golden Rain Tree | Koelreuteria paniculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Koelreuteria paniculata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The seeds contain saponins that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) if eaten, and the pods are a choking hazard, so prevent pets from chewing them. |
| tree gloxinia | Kohleria eriantha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kohleria as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| dark velvet kohleria | Kohleria 'Dark Velvet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kohleria as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hannah Roberts kohleria | Kohleria 'Hannah Roberts' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kohleria as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Colombian kohleria | Kohleria amabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Kohleria as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| foxglove kohleria | Kohleria digitaliflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: the genus Kohleria (Tree Gloxinia, Kohleria lindeniana, family Gesneriaceae) is classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principle is reported for this gesneriad. |
| German turnip | Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohlrabi is a Brassica oleracea vegetable, not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and within the group of cruciferous vegetables the ASPCA considers safe for dogs and cats in moderation. As with all brassicas, large amounts can cause gas and GI upset, so feed only small, occasional portions. |
| Kolibri kohlrabi | Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 'Kolibri' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea) is a cultivated vegetable not individually listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and small amounts of cooked brassica are commonly fed to dogs. Large quantities of raw cruciferous matter can cause gas, GI upset and have goitrogenic effects, so offer only in moderation. |
| Kossak kohlrabi | Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 'Kossak' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica oleracea kohlrabi is generally tolerated by cats and dogs in small cooked amounts, but the ASPCA's Brassica/Indian Mustard entry is toxic to horses (isothiocyanates; gastrointestinal irritation and colic), and genus isothiocyanates can cause GI upset, bloating, and gas in pets, with thiocyanate risk from large repeated quantities. Keep away from horses and check with a vet if a pet is unwell. |
| Superschmelz kohlrabi | Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 'Superschmelz' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica oleracea kohlrabi is usually tolerated by cats and dogs in small cooked amounts, but the ASPCA's Brassica/Indian Mustard listing is toxic to horses (isothiocyanates; gastrointestinal irritation and colic), and the genus's isothiocyanates can cause GI upset, gas, and bloating in pets, with thiocyanate risk from large repeated quantities. Keep away from horses and consult a vet for any unwell animal. |
| Winner kohlrabi | Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 'Winner' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea) is not individually listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and small amounts of cooked brassica vegetable are generally safe for dogs. Large amounts of raw cruciferous matter can cause flatulence, GI upset and goitrogenic effects, so feed only sparingly. |
| Kokum | Garcinia indica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia indica is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The dried fruit rinds and kokum butter are used in human food, and the plant has no documented veterinary toxicity in available literature. However, the genus is not ASPCA-cleared, and the tannin-rich fruit rinds may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets if ingested. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| kola nut | Cola nitida | edible | Toxic | Kola nut seeds contain the methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine, the same stimulant class that makes chocolate toxic to pets, so the nuts should be treated as toxic to dogs and cats even though Cola nitida is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Documented effects in dogs given kola extract include excitement, tremors, convulsions, drowsiness and gastrointestinal upset. Keep seeds and any cola products well away from pets and contact a vet immediately if ingested. |
| beautybush | Kolkwitzia amabilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Kolkwitzia amabilis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its safety is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Pink Cloud beautybush | Kolkwitzia amabilis 'Pink Cloud' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Kolkwitzia amabilis is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists; third-party aggregators call it pet-safe but this lacks ASPCA confirmation. Treat with caution — ingestion of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea). Verify with a vet if a pet eats a quantity. |
| Torasan komatsuna | Brassica rapa var. perviridis 'Torasan' | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists cultivated Brassica/Indian Mustard species as toxic to horses (toxic principle: isothiocyanates; signs include gastrointestinal irritation and colic). Cats and dogs are not flagged as toxic on that entry and may nibble cooked leaves in moderation, but isothiocyanates and oxalates can cause GI upset, gas, and—rarely, with large repeated amounts in cats—thiocyanate effects. Keep away from horses; verify with a vet if a pet is unwell. |
| konjac | Amorphophallus konjac | edible | Toxic | Amorphophallus is an aroid (Araceae) genus containing insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the same toxic principle the ASPCA flags across the aroid family; treat as toxic to cats and dogs. All raw plant parts cause intense oral burning, drooling, and vomiting if chewed. For people the corm is edible only after proper processing; raw or undercooked tissue is acrid and irritant. |
| Korean Angelica | Angelica gigas | flowering | Mildly toxic | Angelica gigas sap contains furanocoumarins (psoralens) that cause phototoxic skin reactions (photodermatitis) in humans when skin contacts sap in sunlight. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Apiaceae family phototoxic risk warrants caution around pets; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Wear gloves when handling. |
| Korean Arborvitae | Thuja koraiensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja species contain thujone and other volatile oils that are considered mildly toxic if ingested in quantity by pets or humans. Not individually assessed by ASPCA for this species, but the genus Thuja has reported gastrointestinal irritant properties. Keep away from pets that chew foliage. |
| Korean box | Buxus sinica var. insularis | flowering | Toxic | As a Buxus species, all parts are toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (ASPCA). Alkaloids cause gastrointestinal upset — vomiting, diarrhoea — on ingestion. Severity is usually mild due to the plant's bitter taste, but clippings should be cleared away from pet-accessible areas. |
| Korean feather reed grass | Calamagrostis brachytricha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calamagrostis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage in large amounts may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Korean Fir | Abies koreana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies koreana is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and is not known to be toxic to dogs or cats. Needle tips may cause physical irritation to the mouth or paws if chewed, but no toxic compounds have been identified in this species. |
| Korean Hornbeam | Carpinus turczaninowii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carpinus turczaninowii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana) is reported non-toxic, but since this Korean species is not individually confirmed by the ASPCA, treat it cautiously — ingesting any foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Keep leaves and prunings away from pets and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Loose-flower Hornbeam | Carpinus laxiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carpinus laxiflora is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet safety is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Hornbeam is not a recognised serious toxin, but as it is unconfirmed, prevent pets from chewing the foliage or catkins. |
| Korean mint | Agastache rugosa | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Agastache rugosa carries higher pyrrolizidine-alkaloid levels than anise hyssop and has caused liver lesions in animals at very high, prolonged doses, and large amounts can cause mild stomach upset. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Korean Mulberry | Morus australis | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe fruits of Morus australis are edible and widely consumed in East Asia. The white latex sap in unripe fruit, stems, and leaves is a mild irritant. Large quantities of unripe fruit can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting) in pets and humans. ASPCA does not individually list Morus australis; based on genus characteristics, unripe fruit and foliage sap should be treated as mildly toxic to pets out of caution. |
| Korean pine | Pinus koraiensis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinus koraiensis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and Pinus species do not appear on the ASPCA toxic list for cats and dogs. The pine nuts are edible and not toxic to pets, though fatty nuts and pine needles can cause mild GI upset in quantity and needles/sap may mildly irritate. (Do not confuse with the toxic sago 'palm', Cycas.) |
| Altari radish | Raphanus sativus var. caudatus 'Altari' | edible | Mildly toxic | Raphanus sativus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Radish leaves and roots contain glucosinolates/isothiocyanates that can cause gastrointestinal upset, gas and drooling in cats and dogs if eaten in quantity. Not confirmed safe — treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Korean rhododendron | Rhododendron mucronulatum | flowering | Toxic | Rhododendron mucronulatum contains grayanotoxins consistent with the Rhododendron genus. ASPCA lists Rhododendron spp. as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The flowers appear before leaves in late winter when pets may be more likely to investigate — keep animals away from the plant during bloom. |
| Korean Rock Fern | Polystichum tsus-simense | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum ferns are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. |
| Koreanspice Viburnum | Viburnum carlesii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies Viburnum (Black Haw) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and the genus is not on its toxic list, so Korean Spice Viburnum is considered pet-safe. Ingesting plant material can still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, so prevent pets from grazing on foliage or fruit. |
| Korlan | Nephelium hypoleucum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nephelium hypoleucum is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a Sapindaceae member closely related to rambutan and lychee, the seeds are suspected to contain cyanogenic compounds and pose a hazard if ingested by pets. The aril pulp is not reported as toxic in humans, but pets should not access seeds. Contact a vet if seed ingestion is suspected. |
| Kotschy's crambe | Crambe kotschyana | flowering | Mildly toxic | No known hazards or toxic principles have been documented for Crambe kotschyana in horticultural or veterinary literature. As a Brassicaceae member, the plant is related to edible kale and cabbages. However, it is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so a confirmed pet-safe rating cannot be applied. |
| Kousa Dogwood | Cornus kousa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list any Cornus (dogwood) species as toxic, and lists Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) explicitly as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the genus is treated as non-toxic. ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The fleshy fruit is edible and harmless, though large amounts of any plant matter may cause mild GI upset. |
| Krossa Regal hosta | Hosta 'Krossa Regal' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins, with ingestion causing vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep pets from chewing the leaves and dispose of divisions safely. |
| Kucyniak's Columnea | Columnea kucyniakii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea (Gesneriaceae, Goldfish Plant) is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs and Non-Toxic to Cats by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Kucynjak's Columnea | Columnea kucynjakii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gesneriaceae as a family has no documented toxic principles for companion animals, and the ASPCA does not list any Columnea species as toxic. Multiple gesneriad genera (Streptocarpus, Sinningia, Episcia, Aeschynanthus) are confirmed non-toxic. Columnea kucynjakii is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus and family have no known toxic compounds. |
| Kuma Bamboo Grass | Sasa veitchii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sasa veitchii is a member of Poaceae (grass family). The ASPCA does not list bamboos as toxic to dogs or cats, and no toxic principles are known in Sasa species. Safe for pets. The natural pale leaf margins are sometimes mistaken for disease but are a normal seasonal trait. |
| Kumquat | Citrus japonica | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Citrus species (including kumquat, historically classified as Fortunella) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens. These are concentrated in the leaves and rind. The edible rind, while safe for humans, should not be fed to pets. |
| round kumquat | Fortunella japonica | edible | Mildly toxic | Kumquat (Fortunella) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a citrus relative its peel and foliage contain the same essential oils and psoralens that make ASPCA-listed citrus (lemon, lime, orange, calamondin) toxic, and its hybrid calamondin is ASPCA-listed as toxic. Keep pets from chewing leaves or peel. |
| Nagami kumquat | Citrus japonica 'Nagami' | edible | Toxic | Kumquat is a Citrus species and falls under the ASPCA's listing of citrus as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens, concentrated in the peel, leaves and stems. Ingestion of plant material can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and dermatitis. Keep the foliage away from pets even though the whole fruit is edible for people. |
| Kunstler's scaphochlamys | Scaphochlamys kunstleri | tropical | Mildly toxic | Scaphochlamys kunstleri is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database, and no peer-reviewed toxicological data specific to this species exists for pets. Closely related Zingiberaceae genera are generally non-toxic per ASPCA, but given the absence of direct data for this species, classify as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Kupper's Werauhia | Werauhia kupperiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Werauhia belongs to the family Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Kuril Bamboo | Sasa kurilensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sasa bamboos are grasses (Poaceae) and are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboo grasses have no known toxic principles to dogs or cats; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic. |
| Hino Crimson Azalea | Rhododendron 'Hino Crimson' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses per the ASPCA, which lists Rhododendron/Azalea as toxic. All parts contain grayanotoxins; ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and with larger doses cardiac arrhythmia, collapse, and possible death. Even a few leaves can poison a pet, so treat ingestion as an emergency. |
| Küster's Ceratozamia | Ceratozamia kuesteriana | tropical | Toxic | Ceratozamia kuesteriana contains cycasin and BMAA neurotoxin throughout all tissues — leaves, roots, and seeds — consistent with all Zamiaceae family cycads. Ingestion causes vomiting, liver failure, neurological damage, and can be fatal to dogs and cats. ASPCA lists cycads as severely toxic. Even small amounts of seed or leaf material are dangerous to pets. |
| La Ratte potato | Solanum tuberosum 'La Ratte' | edible | Toxic | Toxic per the ASPCA listing for potato (Solanum tuberosum). The foliage, stems, sprouts and green tubers contain solanine glycoalkaloids; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness and CNS depression in cats and dogs. Only the cured, non-green tuber is food-safe; keep the plant and green trimmings away from pets. |
| Labrador violet | Viola labradorica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola species are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Viola labradorica is not individually listed by ASPCA by name, but belongs to the Viola genus which has no reported toxic principles for pets. Flowers are edible for humans. |
| Voss's Laburnum | Laburnum × watereri 'Vossii' | flowering | Toxic | Highly toxic to dogs, cats, horses and people. All parts, especially the seeds and pods, contain the quinolizidine alkaloid cytisine; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, dilated pupils, incoordination, tremors and, in severe cases, convulsions or death. Flagged by Pet Poison Helpline; seek veterinary care immediately if eaten. |
| Lacandon Zamia | Zamia lacandona | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia lacandona, like all Zamia species, contain cycasin and macrozamin — potent hepatotoxins and neurotoxins. Ingestion by dogs or cats causes acute liver failure and can be fatal without immediate veterinary treatment. Seeds carry the highest concentration. ASPCA classifies the Zamia genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Lace aloe | Aristaloe aristata (syn. Aloe aristata) | houseplant | Toxic | Aristaloe aristata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database; it was reclassified out of the genus Aloe in 2014 into its own genus, more closely related to Astroloba and Haworthia. The ASPCA does list true Aloe (Aloe vera) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with saponins and anthraquinones (e.g. aloin) causing vomiting, lethargy and diarrhoea, and lace aloe contains the same compound classes. Because it is not confirmed pet-safe by ASPCA and shares aloe-type chemistry, treat it as toxic, keep it away from pets, and verify with your vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Lace Cactus | Echinocereus reichenbachii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Echinocereus reichenbachii is not individually listed by ASPCA. No documented toxic principles are known for this genus. The dense, interlocking spines can cause skin and mouth irritation if handled carelessly. Minor gastrointestinal discomfort is possible if plant material is ingested by pets. Considered low risk beyond physical injury from spines. |
| Lace Flower | Episcia dianthiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lace Flower Vine (Episcia / Alsobia dianthiflora) has its own ASPCA listing as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This gesneriad carries no known toxic principle, though ingestion of any houseplant may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| lace-bark pine | Pinus bungeana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Pine needles and resin may cause mild mouth irritation, drooling and gastrointestinal upset if ingested; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| lacecap hydrangea | Hydrangea macrophylla 'Mariesii Perfecta' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycoside, concentrated in leaves and flower buds; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and depression, though serious cyanide poisoning is rare and usually requires eating a large amount. |
| Laced Up Elderberry | Sambucus nigra 'Sambiance' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sambucus nigra is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Raw leaves, bark, unripe berries, and roots contain cyanogenic glycosides (sambunigrin) that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy if ingested. Keep pets away from this plant, particularly from fallen unripe berries. |
| Crimson Queen Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum var. dissectum 'Crimson Queen' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list Acer palmatum as toxic to cats or dogs; the only maple on the ASPCA toxic list is red maple (Acer rubrum), whose wilted leaves cause hemolytic anemia specifically in horses, not in this species. Considered non-toxic for cats and dogs, though chewing large amounts of any leaves can cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Lacinato kale | Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia 'Lacinato' | edible | Mildly toxic | Garden kale (Brassica oleracea) is not individually listed by the ASPCA and is generally non-toxic to dogs, but it contains N-propyl disulfide and thiocyanate/isothiocyanate compounds that can cause Heinz-body hemolytic anemia in cats and gastrointestinal irritation with repeated or large feeding. Treat as cat-unsafe in quantity and verify any deliberate feeding with a vet. |
| Lacquered Pepper Plant | Piper magnificum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Piper magnificum is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other ornamental Piper species, piperine-related compounds may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by cats or dogs. Keep out of reach of pets as a precaution. |
| Common lady fern | Athyrium filix-femina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but it is a true fern of a genus the ASPCA records no toxic principle for, and true ferns the ASPCA does list (e.g. Boston fern, Davallia) are classed non-toxic. Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; large amounts of any plant can still cause mild stomach upset. If unsure, verify with a vet. |
| Lady Finger banana | Musa acuminata 'Lady Finger' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Musa, Musaceae). Fruit and foliage are not poisonous; only mild digestive upset is possible if pets gorge on plant material. |
| Lady finger cactus | Mammillaria elongata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mammillaria elongata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Mammillaria fragilis (thimble cactus, family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no Mammillaria species flagged as toxic. The real hazard is physical, not chemical: the fine, sharp spines can injure curious pets, so keep it out of reach and verify with your vet if a pet ingests any plant. |
| Lady in Red Fern | Athyrium filix-femina 'Lady in Red' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina 'Lady in Red') is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and some sources note filicic acid in the rhizome that can irritate in quantity; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Lady of Shalott | Rosa 'Lady of Shalott' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; all true Rosa species are classified non-toxic. The practical hazard is thorns causing scratches to paws and mouths, with chewed foliage producing at most mild GI upset. |
| Lady of the Night | Brunfelsia americana | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Brunfelsia as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is brunfelsamidine, a convulsant alkaloid. Clinical signs of ingestion include tremors, prolonged seizures (lasting several days), vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, lethargy, and incoordination. All parts of the plant contain toxins, with the highest concentrations in the berries and seed pods. This plant should never be grown where pets or children have unsupervised access. If ingestion is suspected, contact a veterinarian immediately or call the ASPCA Poison Control at (888) 426-4435. |
| Lady of the Night Orchid | Brassavola nodosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), Brassavola is covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic classification for orchids; chewing may cause only mild mechanical stomach upset, with no toxic principle. |
| broadleaf lady palm | Rhapis excelsa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rhapis excelsa is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Lady slipper orchid | Paphiopedilum spp. | flowering | Mildly toxic | Paphiopedilum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The ASPCA "Lady Slipper" entry is actually Impatiens (Balsaminaceae), a different plant, and the ASPCA-listed non-toxic orchids (Phalaenopsis, Jewel orchid) belong to different genera, so safety cannot be assumed. Some slipper orchids contain quinones documented to cause allergic contact dermatitis; treat as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before exposing pets. |
| Lady tulip | Tulipa clusiana | flowering | Toxic | All Tulipa species are listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principles are Tulipalin A and B (allergenic lactones), concentrated most heavily in the bulb. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and depression; large quantities, especially of bulbs, may cause cardiac or respiratory signs. Contact a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Lady's Bedstraw | Galium verum | herb | Mildly toxic | Galium verum is not individually assessed on the ASPCA database. It is generally considered non-toxic and has a long history of human culinary and herbal use, but formal ASPCA non-toxic listing for cats and dogs is absent. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; coumarin content may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in very large amounts. |
| Ladybird Scarlet cosmos | Cosmos sulphureus 'Ladybird Scarlet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos sulphureus has no known toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. The genus is not listed as toxic by ASPCA and is widely considered non-toxic to pets and humans. |
| Two-edged Laelia | Laelia anceps | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Cattleya and Phalaenopsis as non-toxic), with Cattleya and Phalaenopsis explicitly listed; Laelia is a closely allied Cattleya-relative genus with no reported toxic principle. Excessive chewing can still cause mild, temporary stomach upset in pets, and keep animals away from plants recently treated with pesticides or systemic fertilisers. |
| Gould's Laelia | Laelia gouldiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Cattleya and Phalaenopsis as non-toxic), with Cattleya and Phalaenopsis explicitly listed; Laelia is a Cattleya-alliance relative carrying no reported toxic principle. Pets that chew large amounts of any houseplant may get mild, passing GI upset, and avoid letting animals ingest plants treated with pesticides or systemic fertilisers. |
| Purple Laelia | Laelia purpurata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Cattleya and Phalaenopsis as non-toxic), with Cattleya and Phalaenopsis explicitly non-toxic; Laelia is a Cattleya-alliance relative with no reported toxic principle. Mild GI upset is still possible if a pet chews large amounts of any houseplant, and keep pets away from plants treated with pesticides or systemic feeds. |
| Reddening Laelia | Laelia rubescens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Cattleya and Phalaenopsis as non-toxic), with Cattleya and Phalaenopsis explicitly non-toxic; Laelia is a Cattleya-alliance relative with no reported toxic principle. Mild, temporary stomach upset is still possible if a pet eats a large amount, and keep animals away from plants treated with pesticides or systemic feeds. |
| Laguna Beach Liveforever | Dudleya stolonifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya stolonifera is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. The Dudleya genus belongs to Crassulaceae but is not among the toxic genera in that family (Crassula, Kalanchoe, Cotyledon). No toxic principle has been documented for Dudleya. Keep in mind that consumption of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Lakeside Black Satin hosta | Hosta 'Lakeside Black Satin' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Lamance Iris | Iris brevicaulis | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic principles include irisin (iridin) and terpenoid compounds concentrated in the rhizome and leaves. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy; large amounts can lead to more severe gastrointestinal distress. Seek veterinary attention if a pet consumes any part of the plant. |
| Lamb Hass avocado | Persea americana 'Lamb Hass' | tropical | Toxic | Avocado (Persea americana) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic, citing the toxic principle persin, and is specifically flagged toxic to horses (respiratory distress, heart failure, oedema). Persin causes vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats and is severe or fatal in birds, rabbits and ruminants. Keep leaves, fruit, skin, bark and pits away from all pets and livestock. |
| lamb's ear | Stachys byzantina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lamb's ear is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so it cannot be asserted as verified pet-safe (online claims that the ASPCA lists it as non-toxic are not supported by the official database); treat with caution and verify with a vet. No significant toxic principle is documented, but the woolly leaves and tannins may cause mild mouth irritation or gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity. |
| lamellate rainbow plant | Byblis lamellata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Byblis lamellata (Byblidaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family has no documented toxic principle for cats or dogs. The adhesive mucilage is a passive mechanical insect-trapping mechanism only. |
| Lamellate Vanda | Vanda lamellata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vanda lamellata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and has no known toxic principles. Related Vanda species evaluated by the ASPCA are classified as non-toxic. As a precaution, discourage pets from chewing on any orchid. |
| White bleeding heart | Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Alba' | flowering | Toxic | Bleeding heart (Dicentra/Lamprocapnos) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids (protopine, sanguinarine and related compounds). Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, trembling and staggering; large quantities may cause seizures. Handling may irritate skin. |
| Gold Heart bleeding heart | Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Gold Heart' | flowering | Toxic | Bleeding heart (Dicentra/Lamprocapnos) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids (protopine, sanguinarine and related compounds). Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors and staggering; large amounts may trigger seizures. Handling may cause mild skin irritation. |
| Lance Brassia | Brassia lanceana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassia lanceana belongs to Orchidaceae and has no known toxic compounds. The ASPCA lists multiple orchid genera as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Brassia follows this profile. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic principle has been documented for the genus. Plant material may cause mild GI upset if ingested in large amounts. |
| Lance-leaf Liveforever | Dudleya lanceolata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya is not individually listed by ASPCA but is widely regarded as non-toxic in horticultural sources including Mountain Crest Gardens' ASPCA-referenced succulent safety guide. It belongs to Crassulaceae but is not related to the toxic genera (Crassula, Kalanchoe, Cotyledon) in that family. No toxic principle has been documented for Dudleya. As with any plant, consumption of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Lance-leaf peperomia | Peperomia lanceolata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia lanceolata is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the entire Peperomia genus that the ASPCA has reviewed — including Trailing Peperomia (P. prostrata), Baby Rubber Plant (P. obtusifolia), Watermelon Peperomia (P. argyreia), and Emerald Ripple (P. caperata) — is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no toxic species on record. It is treated as pet-safe on this clean-genus basis; consult your vet if a pet ingests a substantial amount. |
| Lance-leaf Stelis | Stelis lanceola | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. No toxic compounds are attributed to Stelis lanceola. Considered safe for cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Lance-leaved sundew | Drosera adelae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera adelae is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and the ASPCA lists no Drosera (sundew) species at all; the only ASPCA-listed Droseraceae member is the Venus flytrap (a different genus, Dionaea), rated non-toxic. Because the sundew genus itself is unverified and some Drosera contain the irritant plumbagin, treat it conservatively as mildly toxic, where ingestion may cause mild mouth irritation or gastrointestinal upset, and verify with your vet or the ASPCA hotline before assuming it is safe. |
| Lance-leaved sundew | Drosera adelae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera adelae is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The sticky mucilage may cause minor mouth irritation if chewed, but no toxic principles are documented; the plant is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Lance-Leaved Trillium | Trillium lancifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium lancifolium is not individually listed by the ASPCA on its Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As with related Trillium species, roots and berries likely contain steroidal saponins that can cause gastrointestinal irritation (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets and humans if ingested. This species has a restricted natural range and limited toxicology data — treat all parts as potentially irritating. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) or a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Lance-leaved Water Plantain | Alisma lanceolatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Alisma lanceolatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Alisma species (Alismataceae) contain saponins and an acrid, irritant juice when fresh that can cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity by pets or livestock. The irritant compounds are destroyed by drying or cooking. Treat as mildly toxic and prevent pets from ingesting plant material. No severe or life-threatening toxicity is documented. |
| Lanceleaf tickseed | Coreopsis lanceolata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Coreopsis spp. (Tickseed, family Compositae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, which covers Coreopsis lanceolata. Eating large amounts may still cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset. |
| Lang jujube | Ziziphus jujuba 'Lang' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ziziphus jujuba is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ripe flesh is edible, but the pits/seeds contain cyanogenic compounds and the branches bear spines; treat with caution, prevent pets from chewing fallen pits or foliage, and verify with a vet if seeds are ingested. |
| Langsat | Lansium parasiticum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lansium parasiticum is not listed by ASPCA. The Meliaceae family has no widely documented toxic principle to dogs or cats. The fruit flesh is consumed safely by humans, and no veterinary toxicity cases have been recorded for this species. The seeds are bitter and may cause mild gastric upset if ingested in quantity. |
| Lansberg's Restrepia | Restrepia lansbergii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Restrepia belongs to Orchidaceae, which ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Restrepia lansbergii is not individually named in ASPCA listings, but the family has no known toxic principle to companion animals. |
| Lantana | Lantana camara | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lantana camara as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principles are pentacyclic triterpenoids (lantadenes); ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, labored breathing, and weakness, with liver failure more common in grazing livestock. The unripe green berries are considered the most dangerous part — keep pets and children away. |
| Laos Lady Palm | Rhapis laosensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rhapis species are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Rhapis laosensis is not individually listed, but shares the same genus as Rhapis excelsa which is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic. No toxic principles are known for this genus. |
| karoo rose | Lapidaria margaretae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Lapidaria is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is a close mesemb relative of Lithops (ASPCA non-toxic), but absence from the list is not a guarantee of safety, so keep it away from pets that nibble plants. |
| Larch-leaved Sandwort | Minuartia laricifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Minuartia laricifolia (family Caryophyllaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been documented for this genus in veterinary or horticultural toxicology sources. |
| Larch-leaved stitchwort | Minuartia laricifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Minuartia laricifolia is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No documented toxic principles are known for this species, but in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, a 'pet-safe' designation cannot be given. Classified as mildly-toxic on a precautionary basis. |
| Large Bitter-cress | Cardamine amara | edible | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA. Like other Brassicaceae, this species contains glucosinolates that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) in cats and dogs if consumed in quantity; classified here as mildly-toxic on a precautionary basis. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| large blue fescue | Festuca amethystina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca amethystina is not listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by the ASPCA. As with all ornamental grasses, ingestion of sharp-edged leaf material in quantity may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation but no toxic principles are known for this species. |
| Large Cattleya | Cattleya maxima | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cattleya orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cattleya maxima contains no known toxic compounds and is safe for households with pets. |
| Large-Bulb Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum macrobulbon | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Bulbophyllum appendiculatum (Old World Orchid) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. B. macrobulbon is not individually assessed by ASPCA, but no toxic principle has been documented in the Bulbophyllum genus. The foul-smelling flowers are a deterrent rather than a hazard. |
| Large-cloaked Stelis | Stelis megachlamys | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stelis belongs to the Orchidaceae family. Orchids are broadly listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA; Stelis megachlamys is not individually listed, but the genus and family have no known toxic principles. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive pets. |
| Large-Cupped Billbergia | Billbergia macrocalyx | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Billbergia is in the Bromeliaceae family. The ASPCA lists bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Billbergia macrocalyx is not individually listed, but the family has no known toxic principle and genus-level ASPCA data supports a pet-safe classification. |
| Large-flowered Bacopa | Sutera grandiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sutera grandiflora is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no toxic compounds have been identified in this species, but a mildly-toxic classification is used as a precaution in the absence of a confirmed non-toxic assessment. |
| Large-Flowered Beardtongue | Penstemon grandiflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon species are not specifically listed by the ASPCA as toxic. However, some Penstemon species contain iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by pets. Classified here as mildly-toxic out of caution; consult a veterinarian if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Large-flowered Bellwort | Uvularia grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Uvularia grandiflora (Colchicaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No recognized toxic principles have been reported for this genus in dogs, cats, or horses. Note that Colchicaceae also contains Colchicum (toxic) — Uvularia is a distinct genus with no reported toxicity. |
| large-flowered butterwort | Pinguicula grandiflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinguicula grandiflora is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats or dogs. No toxic compounds are documented for this genus. The digestive mucilage on leaves is designed to trap tiny invertebrates and is not harmful to mammals, though ingesting large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Large-flowered Houseleek | Sempervivum grandiflorum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No harmful compounds have been identified in the genus. |
| Large-Flowered Kohleria | Kohleria grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohleria lindeniana (Tree Gloxinia) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Kohleria grandiflora belongs to the same genus (family Gesneriaceae) and no toxic principles are reported; however it is not individually listed — consult your vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Large-Flowered Maxillaria | Maxillaria grandiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Maxillaria orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Maxillaria grandiflora has no documented toxic compounds and is considered safe around household pets. |
| Large-Flowered Petrocosmea | Petrocosmea grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petrocosmea grandiflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Gesneriaceae family has no known toxic principles and no toxic compounds have been reported in the Petrocosmea genus. |
| Large-Flowered Stanhopea | Stanhopea grandiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stanhopea grandiflora is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family is broadly recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principle has been reported for Stanhopea. Fertilisers, pesticides, and potting media should be kept away from pets. |
| Large-flowered Tylecodon | Tylecodon grandiflorus | houseplant | Toxic | Like all Tylecodon species, T. grandiflorus contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (cotyledoside and tyledosides) — neurotoxic compounds that cause cardiac arrhythmia and neuromuscular failure. These are well documented in veterinary toxicology literature (NCBI/PMC) and SANBI. Not individually listed by ASPCA (a US-focused database that rarely covers specialist succulents from southern Africa), but the genus toxicity is unambiguous. Do not keep where children, cats, dogs, or other pets can access any part of the plant. |
| Large-Leaf Lycaste | Lycaste macrophylla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lycaste is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Orchidaceae family has no documented toxic principle and no reported cases of toxicity to cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe in line with the general non-toxic orchid classification. |
| Large-leaf peperomia | Peperomia grandifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species (family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. No clinical signs of toxicity are expected; however, ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild, transient digestive upset in sensitive individuals. |
| Large-leaved butterwort | Pinguicula macrophylla | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula macrophylla is not specifically listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus Pinguicula is not among the known highly toxic plant groups. Ingestion may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied pending confirmed ASPCA non-toxic status. |
| Large-Leaved Drymonia | Drymonia macrophylla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drymonia macrophylla belongs to Gesneriaceae, which has no known toxic principles to pets or humans. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been identified in Drymonia species, and close relatives within Gesneriaceae are widely regarded as non-toxic. |
| Large-leaved Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum macrophyllum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum ferns are classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Adiantum macrophyllum. |
| Large-Leaved Waterleaf | Hydrophyllum macrophyllum | herb | Mildly toxic | Hydrophyllum macrophyllum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle is documented in horticultural or toxicological sources; the leaves are noted as edible by humans in small quantities when young. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution given the absence of an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing; consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Large-perianth Goldfish Plant | Nematanthus perianthomegus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats (Nematanthus spp.); ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Large-spike peperomia | Peperomia macrostachya | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. caperata, P. argyreia, and P. griseoargentea) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic members of the genus recorded. Peperomia macrostachya is considered pet-safe on this consistent genus-wide basis. Ingestion of a large amount of any plant material may still cause mild, transient digestive upset; if your pet chews the plant, consult your vet. |
| large-stalked sinningia | Sinningia macropoda | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia is in the family Gesneriaceae, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been documented in this genus. |
| Large-Vein Peperomia | Peperomia pereskiifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are identified in this species; occasional nibbling by pets is unlikely to cause significant harm. |
| Larkspur | Consolida ajacis | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Consolida ajacis (larkspur) are toxic to humans, cats, dogs, and livestock. The plant contains norditerpenoid alkaloids including delphinine, which cause neuromuscular blockade, cardiac arrhythmias, and death in large doses. The ASPCA lists Delphinium/Consolida genera as toxic to dogs and cats. Keep away from all pets and children; wear gloves when handling. |
| Marloth's trichocaulon | Larryleachia marlothii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Larryleachia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a milkweed-family (Apocynaceae) succulent its sap may be mildly irritating, and it should not be asserted as pet-safe without an ASPCA listing. Keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Lasia | Lasia spinosa | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs as a raw plant. Lasia is an aroid (Araceae) containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; it is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family's oxalate toxicity causes oral burning, drooling and vomiting if chewed. Although traditionally eaten by people after thorough cooking, the raw plant should be treated as toxic to pets. |
| Late curry plant | Helichrysum italicum subsp. serotinum | herb | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum italicum is not formally listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. No serious toxicity has been documented to cats or dogs, but the essential oil is biologically active (contains arzanol, flavonoids, and terpenes); ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Classified here as mildly-toxic on a precautionary basis pending a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Late tulip | Tulipa tarda | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists the genus Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. T. tarda, as a member of the genus, contains tulipalin A and B (allergenic lactones) that can cause vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and lethargy if ingested. The bulb is the most toxic part. Skin contact with bulbs may cause allergic contact dermatitis (tulip fingers) in sensitised individuals. The small individual bulb size does not reduce the per-gram toxin concentration. |
| Laurel Clockvine | Thunbergia laurifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Thunbergia laurifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus/family (Acanthaceae) has no confirmed highly toxic principle. Some sources associate mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets upon ingestion. Exercise caution and keep out of reach of pets until further ASPCA guidance is available. |
| Laurel-leaved rock rose | Cistus laurifolius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus laurifolius is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic principles have been identified in veterinary or horticultural literature. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution because the genus has not been formally assessed by ASPCA; the resinous sap may cause mild skin irritation. |
| Lauren's Grape peony poppy | Papaver somniferum 'Lauren's Grape' | flowering | Toxic | As a cultivar of Papaver somniferum, Lauren's Grape shares the same alkaloid profile — morphine, codeine, thebaine, and related isoquinolines — in all plant parts, with highest concentrations in the latex and unripe seed pods. ASPCA lists Papaver somniferum as toxic to dogs and cats; symptoms of ingestion include CNS depression, sedation, ataxia, and respiratory depression. Seek immediate veterinary care if ingestion is suspected. |
| Laurustinus | Viburnum tinus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies Viburnum (Black Haw) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and the genus is not on its toxic list, so Laurustinus is treated as pet-safe. Its berries and leaves can nonetheless cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity, so prevent pets from grazing on them. |
| Lauterbach's Fan Palm | Licuala lauterbachii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Licuala lauterbachii is not individually listed by ASPCA. Within Arecaceae (palm family), no toxic principle has been identified for Licuala, and closely related palms are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. No documented pet poisoning cases are associated with this genus. Exercise normal caution with any plant not explicitly verified; consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Lavaglut | Rosa 'Lavaglut' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True roses (Rosa species) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The main hazard is mechanical: thorns can cause mouth or paw injury, so still discourage chewing. |
| Lavandin | Lavandula x intermedia | herb | Mildly toxic | As a Lavandula hybrid, L. x intermedia shares the genus toxicity profile. ASPCA lists lavender as toxic to dogs and cats; the linalool and linalyl acetate compounds present in the aromatic oils can cause nausea and gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Camphor levels are higher in lavandin than in L. angustifolia and add additional concern for cats especially. |
| lavandin | Lavandula × intermedia | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lavender (Lavandula) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate, which cause nausea, vomiting, and reduced appetite; concentrated essential oil is far more dangerous, and cats are especially sensitive. Keep pets from grazing it and never apply lavender oil to animals. |
| English lavender | Lavandula angustifolia | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists lavender as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to linalool and linalyl acetate. Garden nibbles are low risk; concentrated essential oils and large ingestions cause vomiting and GI upset. |
| Lavender Chirita | Chirita lavandulacea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chirita lavandulacea (syn. Microchirita lavandulacea) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It belongs to the Gesneriaceae family, which has no known toxic principles. The genus is considered non-toxic by all available horticultural references; no toxic compounds have been identified. |
| Lavender trumpet vine | Clytostoma callistegioides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Clytostoma callistegioides seed pods are reported to be toxic; stems, leaves, and flowers are considered non-toxic in most horticultural sources. The plant is not individually listed on the ASPCA database. Remove seed pods as they develop if pets or children have access to the plant. As a Bignoniaceae member, standard precaution is advised. Contact a veterinarian if ingestion of seeds is suspected. |
| Lavender-leaved sage | Salvia lavandulacea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia lavandulacea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. As with most ornamental sages, essential oils may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity; classified here as mildly toxic to cats and dogs as a precautionary measure. |
| Lawi wax plant | Hoya lawiifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs (listing Hoya carnosa as 'Wax Plant' — Non-Toxic; Hoya kerrii as 'Sweetheart Hoya' — Non-Toxic; with no toxic principles identified). Hoya lawiifolia is not individually listed by name on the ASPCA database, but no Hoya species is recorded as toxic to cats or dogs. Ingesting large quantities of any plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| Lawrence's Coelogyne | Coelogyne lawrenceana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coelogyne is not individually listed by ASPCA, but orchids in the Orchidaceae family have no reported toxic principle and no documented cases of harm to cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe in line with the general non-toxic orchid classification. |
| Lawson Cypress | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is not individually listed by ASPCA but the genus contains essential oils (notably sabinene and other monoterpenes) that can cause gastrointestinal irritation if foliage is ingested by pets. Exercise caution with dogs and cats that chew vegetation. |
| Laza Cyphostemma | Cyphostemma laza | tropical | Mildly toxic | Cyphostemma laza is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the Vitaceae family. The grape-like fruit and foliage contain oxalic acid and are considered toxic to humans and animals if ingested. Do not allow pets or children to consume any part of this plant; seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Lead plant | Amorpha canescens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amorpha canescens is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; the genus contains rotenone-related compounds at low levels but is not considered a clinical toxicity risk to companion animals. |
| Leaf Celery | Apium graveolens var. secalinum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Apium graveolens (celery) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. As a botanical variety of the same species, leaf celery carries the same safety profile. The leaves contain low levels of furanocoumarins; practical risk to pets from normal garden exposure is considered very low. |
| Least Primrose | Primula minima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primula minima belongs to the genus Primula, which ASPCA notes can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by dogs or cats. Contact dermatitis from primin compounds is possible in sensitive individuals. Not listed individually by ASPCA, but treat as mildly toxic consistent with the genus profile. Not severely toxic to pets. |
| Least Yellow Pond Lily | Nuphar pumila | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nuphar species contain quinolizidine alkaloids including nupharine and thiobinupharidine, which are potentially toxic if consumed. The genus is not listed on the ASPCA non-toxic database; ingestion may cause vomiting, incoordination, or lethargy in cats and dogs. Keep pets away from plant material and pond areas where rhizomes may be accessible. |
| Least Yellow Water Lily | Nuphar pumila | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nuphar pumila is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with all Nuphar species, the plant contains nupharine and related alkaloids that may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. Treat as mildly toxic and prevent pets from accessing the plant, particularly the rhizomes. |
| Leather Polypody | Polypodium scouleri | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Polypodium scouleri is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Because its safety for cats and dogs cannot be confirmed from authoritative sources, it should be treated as mildly toxic; keep pets away from the plant and seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Leatherleaf | Chamaedaphne calyculata | flowering | Toxic | Chamaedaphne calyculata contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins) throughout all green parts and flowers, as is characteristic of bog-dwelling Ericaceae. These compounds disrupt sodium channels and cause vomiting, drooling, cardiac arrhythmia, hypotension, and paralysis in dogs, cats, and livestock. The species is not individually listed by ASPCA, but grayanotoxin presence in this genus is well documented in toxicology literature. Treat as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Leatherleaf Fern | Rumohra adiantiformis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Rumohra adiantiformis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Rumohra is not covered, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe. True ferns are generally low-risk, but treat with caution: discourage chewing and consult a vet if a pet ingests it, as effects in cats and dogs are not well characterised. |
| leatherleaf sedge | Carex buchananii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. It is widely regarded as low-risk and is not a known poisonous genus, but with no explicit ASPCA listing it should be treated with caution; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and the stiff blades can irritate. Verify with a vet if a pet consumes a large quantity. |
| leatherleaf viburnum | Viburnum rhytidophyllum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viburnum rhytidophyllum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The berries of Viburnum species may cause mild vomiting or diarrhea in dogs and cats if eaten in quantity. Not confirmed pet-safe; prevent pets from eating the fruit. |
| Leathery Polypody | Polypodium scouleri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium scouleri belongs to Polypodiaceae, which has no known toxic principles. True polypody ferns are generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been reported for this genus or family. |
| Lebanese Oregano | Origanum libanoticum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Origanum libanoticum is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. No toxic principle has been reported for this species. As with all ornamental Origanum, prevent large ingestion as a precaution, but incidental contact or minor nibbling is not considered a significant risk. |
| Lebanese Rosularia | Rosularia libanotica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Crassulaceae. Unlike jade plants (Crassula) or Kalanchoe, Rosularia has no reported toxic principle and is generally considered non-toxic to pets and humans. Exercise normal caution with any plant around pets. |
| Musselburgh leek | Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum 'Musselburgh' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Allium species (including leeks, onions, garlic and chives) as toxic to dogs and cats. They contain organosulfoxides that convert on chewing to compounds causing oxidative damage to red blood cells, leading to Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia. Cats are most susceptible. Signs include vomiting, weakness, pale gums, lethargy and dark urine; cooking does not remove the toxin. |
| Legacy blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Legacy' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blueberry (Vaccinium) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the berries are a safe pet treat in moderation, with no toxic principle reported for leaves or fruit. |
| Lehmann's Iceplant | Delosperma lehmannii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Ice Plant (Lampranthus piquet, family Aizoaceae — the same family as Delosperma/Corpuscularia) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Delosperma lehmannii has no reported toxic principles. Classified as pet-safe. |
| Leloja Kedrostis | Kedrostis leloja | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Kedrostis leloja (Cucurbitaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other cucurbits, it may contain cucurbitacins, which are bitter compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Ross's Orchid | Lemboglossum rossii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a member of Orchidaceae it carries no recognised toxic compound; the ASPCA classifies orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis is the listed entry) and notes no orchid is known to poison cats. Odontoglossum-type orchids appear on pet-safe orchid lists. Lemboglossum is not individually named, but shares the family's benign profile. Expect only possible mild stomach upset if chewed; watch for chemical residues on leaves. |
| Button Fern | Lemmaphyllum microphyllum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Lemmaphyllum microphyllum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Lemmaphyllum does not appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. Although true ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic, without explicit ASPCA grounding for this species or genus, treat with caution and verify with a vet; assume mild stomach upset is possible if eaten. |
| Lemmon's marigold | Tagetes lemmonii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tagetes species are listed as mildly toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA due to thiophene derivatives in the foliage. The strongly aromatic foliage of T. lemmonii may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or contact dermatitis if chewed. Not life-threatening. |
| Common Duckweed | Lemna minor | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Lemna minor is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safety claim cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Duckweed itself contains no known toxic principle, but floating mats can harbour cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and accumulate waterborne toxins, so a pet drinking from a duckweed-choked pond is the real hazard to watch. |
| common balm | Melissa officinalis | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melissa officinalis is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe in moderation for cats and dogs. |
| Lemon Basil | Ocimum basilicum 'Lemon' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ocimum basilicum (basil) is classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. This cultivar shares the same safety profile. Considered safe for culinary use and around pets. |
| Lemon Basil | Ocimum × citriodorum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ocimum species (basil) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ocimum × citriodorum shares this safety profile as a member of the same genus. Safe for culinary and ornamental use around pets. |
| Mrs. Burns Lemon Basil | Ocimum × africanum 'Mrs. Burns' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists basil (Ocimum basilicum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Lemon basil is an interspecific Ocimum hybrid (O. × africanum) with no reported toxic principle, so it is treated as pet-safe; large quantities can still cause mild GI upset. |
| Lemon Bee Balm | Monarda citriodora | herb | Mildly toxic | Monarda citriodora is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other aromatic mint-family herbs, eating large amounts of the leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| fishbone fern | Nephrolepis cordifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nephrolepis cordifolia is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Button sword fern | Nephrolepis cordifolia 'Duffii' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Nephrolepis cordifolia is a true sword fern in the same genus as the ASPCA non-toxic Boston fern and carries no toxic principle such as calcium oxalates. Eating a little may cause only minor stomach upset from fibre rather than poisoning. |
| Lemon Catnip | Nepeta cataria 'Citriodora' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta cataria (catnip) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The 'Citriodora' cultivar shares the same non-toxic profile. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild GI upset due to essential oils. |
| Lemon Drop Mangosteen | Garcinia intermedia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia intermedia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The fruits are eaten fresh in Central America and no documented human or veterinary toxicity is reported. However, as the genus is not ASPCA-cleared, safety for pets cannot be confirmed. Keep animals away from the plant and fallen fruit as a precaution. |
| Lemon Drop pepper | Capsicum baccatum 'Lemon Drop' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum is not specifically listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database, so it is not affirmed pet-safe. Capsaicin in the pods is a mucous-membrane and gastrointestinal irritant that can cause mouth pain, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic and verify with a vet if a pet ingests pods or foliage. |
| Lemon Thyme | Thymus × citriodorus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus species (thyme) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Thymus × citriodorus, as a thyme hybrid, shares this safety profile. Safe for culinary use and around pets. |
| Citrus Thyme | Thymus citriodorus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Thyme, Thymus vulgaris, family Lamiaceae). The whole garden plant is safe to grow around pets; note that concentrated thyme essential oil is far stronger and should not be applied to animals. |
| Meyer lemon | Citrus limon | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Citrus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to citrus oils (limonene and linalool). Leaves and rind are most concentrated; the flesh is low-risk but acidic. |
| Eureka lemon | Citrus × limon 'Eureka' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lemon (Citrus species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens concentrated in the peel, leaves, and stems; the flesh is edible but plant material causes vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and potential photosensitive dermatitis. Keep pets from chewing foliage or peel. |
| Meyer lemon | Citrus × meyeri | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lemon (Citrus species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles — essential oils and psoralens — are concentrated in the peel, leaves, and stems and cause vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and potential dermatitis. The fruit flesh is edible to people, but keep pets from chewing the plant or peel. |
| herb Louisa | Aloysia citrodora | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aloysia citrodora is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe in culinary amounts. |
| lemon-scented ginger | Zingiber citriodorum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Zingiber citriodorum is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. Culinary ginger (Z. officinale) is generally considered non-toxic, but the genus lacks blanket ASPCA clearance at species level. Classified here as mildly-toxic; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| West Indian lemongrass | Cymbopogon citratus | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Cymbopogon citratus as toxic to cats and dogs due to essential oils (citral and geraniol). Large amounts cause vomiting and depression; small culinary uses are tolerated. |
| Lentil | Lens culinaris | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lens culinaris (lentils) are a widely consumed human food crop with no toxic principles for dogs or cats. Lentils are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Cooked lentils are digestible and safe for pets; raw lentils contain antinutritional factors and should not be fed in large quantities. |
| Leopoldina Earth Star | Cryptanthus leopoldo-horstii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Cryptanthus genus (Earth Star) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; ingestion of foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting, and the spiny leaf margins can cause physical irritation if chewed. |
| Telipogon-flowered Lepanthes | Lepanthes telipogoniflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Lepanthes telipogoniflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While ASPCA-listed orchids such as Phalaenopsis are non-toxic to cats and dogs, this genus is not confirmed on the ASPCA list, so treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| scaly zamia | Lepidozamia peroffskyana | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed: all cycads, including Lepidozamia, are toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principle cycasin (with an unidentified neurotoxin and BMAA) causes vomiting, melena, increased thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising, severe liver damage and potentially fatal liver failure. The large seeds are especially hazardous. Keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| Bolivian lepismium | Lepismium bolivianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lepismium bolivianum is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but no Lepismium or its close relatives (Rhipsalis-type jungle cacti) appear among ASPCA toxic plants, and these spineless epiphytic cacti are widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any plant, nibbling may cause mild stomach upset; if you want absolute certainty for an at-risk pet, verify with your vet. |
| Cross-Shaped Lepismium | Lepismium cruciforme | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Lepismium is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its close relatives among epiphytic cacti — Schlumbergera (Christmas Cactus) — are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, and Cactaceae lack a known toxic principle, but because this genus is not specifically confirmed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is essentially spineless, so the mechanical risk is low, but ingestion of plant tissue can still cause mild GI upset. |
| Leskovac quince | Cydonia oblonga 'Leskovac' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cydonia oblonga is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. Fruit flesh is non-toxic. Seeds contain trace amygdalin as with all pome fruits; do not intentionally feed seeds to pets. |
| Leslie Fern | Asplenium nidus 'Leslie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Asplenium nidus and its cultivars carry no known toxic principle; the worst likely effect is mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset from chewing the foliage. |
| Lesser Begonia | Begonia minor | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates (most concentrated in the tubers/roots). Ingestion causes oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| lesser bladderwort | Utricularia minor | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Utricularia minor is not listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats or dogs. No toxic compounds are documented for this genus. The microscopic bladder traps function only on invertebrate prey and pose no risk to pets. Generally considered safe in aquatic or bog garden settings shared with animals. |
| Lesser Burdock | Arctium minus | edible | Mildly toxic | Arctium minus is not listed as toxic on the ASPCA database, and veterinary sources generally regard burdock as non-toxic to dogs and cats. However, the hooked seed burrs are a significant physical hazard: they become deeply entangled in fur, ears, and paws, causing pain, skin abrasions, and potential eye injuries or respiratory irritation from the fine pappus bristles inside the burr. Ingestion of burrs can also cause oral irritation and gut impaction. For these physical reasons the plant warrants caution around pets. |
| Lesser Galangal | Alpinia officinarum | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The rhizome is a widely used culinary spice safe for human consumption; Zingiberaceae is not a recognised toxic family for pets. Ingestion of significant amounts of raw plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats or dogs. Classified as mildly toxic as a precautionary measure; seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Lesser Periwinkle | Vinca minor | flowering | Toxic | Vinca minor is listed as toxic by the ASPCA to both dogs and cats. The plant contains vinca alkaloids (vincamine, vinblastine-related compounds) that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, low blood pressure, neurological signs, and tremors. All parts of the plant are considered toxic. Keep away from pets and supervise grazing animals. |
| Lesser Petrocosmea | Petrocosmea minor | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petrocosmea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but belongs to the Gesneriaceae family, which has no known toxic principles and includes the widely recognized non-toxic African violet. No toxic compounds have been reported in the genus. |
| Lesser Pond Sedge | Carex acutiformis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex (sedges) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True sedges contain no known toxic principles and are generally considered safe for pets and livestock. |
| Lesser quaking grass | Briza minor | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Briza minor is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic; ingestion of large quantities of any grass may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Lesser Sea Spurrey | Spergularia marina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spergularia marina is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles have been formally identified for this Caryophyllaceae member, but the absence of an official non-toxic listing requires a precautionary mildly-toxic classification; seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Lesser Shell Ginger | Alpinia conchigera | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia conchigera is not found on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Like other members of Zingiberaceae, its essential oils and phenolic constituents may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats or dogs if plant material is chewed or ingested; classified as mildly toxic until an authoritative source confirms pet-safe status. |
| Lesser silver saxifrage | Saxifraga cochlearis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Lesser Spearwort | Ranunculus flammula | flowering | Toxic | Like all Ranunculus species, R. flammula contains ranunculin that converts to the irritant protoanemonin when the plant is crushed or ingested. This causes oral burning, excessive salivation, gastrointestinal upset, and in larger quantities neurological effects in cats, dogs, and horses. ASPCA lists Ranunculus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The common name 'flammula' (little flame) refers to the burning sensation it causes. |
| Lesser Stitchwort | Stellaria graminea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Stellaria graminea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Stellaria species (chickweeds) are widely considered non-toxic to humans and livestock, but specific veterinary data for pets is insufficient to classify it as definitively pet-safe; rated mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Lesser Theriophonum | Theriophonum minutum | tropical | Toxic | Member of the Araceae family; all parts are presumed to contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides consistent with the broader aroid family. Not individually listed by ASPCA. The tubers are reportedly used medicinally and as food in India only after processing (steaming/drying) to remove the irritant compounds. Raw consumption causes intense oral burning and irritation. Treat as toxic to pets and do not ingest raw. |
| Lesser Water Plantain | Baldellia ranunculoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Baldellia ranunculoides (family Alismataceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family has no known toxic principle for pets or humans. Related genus Alisma (also Alismataceae) is generally considered non-toxic. Exercise usual caution with any plant near water sources. |
| leaf lettuce | Lactuca sativa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Lactuca sativa as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| lettuce leaf basil | Ocimum basilicum 'Napoletano' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (basil, Ocimum basilicum). Safe as a culinary herb; only large quantities might cause mild, temporary digestive upset in a pet. |
| Alaska Shasta daisy | Leucanthemum × superbum 'Alaska' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists daisy (Chrysanthemum spp., Compositae) as toxic to dogs and cats, and Shasta daisy was formerly classified as Chrysanthemum × superbum within the same family. The toxic principles are sesquiterpene lactones, pyrethrins and other irritants; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, incoordination and dermatitis. |
| Becky Shasta daisy | Leucanthemum × superbum 'Becky' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists daisy (Chrysanthemum spp., Compositae) as toxic to dogs and cats, and Shasta daisy was formerly classified as Chrysanthemum × superbum within the same family. The toxic principles are sesquiterpene lactones, pyrethrins and other irritants; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, incoordination and dermatitis. |
| Silver Princess Shasta daisy | Leucanthemum × superbum 'Silver Princess' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Chrysanthemum/daisy composites such as Shasta daisy as toxic to cats and dogs, due to sesquiterpene lactones and pyrethrins. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, loss of coordination and skin irritation. Site away from pets that nibble plants. |
| Snowcap Shasta daisy | Leucanthemum × superbum 'Snowcap' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Chrysanthemum/daisy-type composites (to which Shasta daisy belongs) as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principles are sesquiterpene lactones and pyrethrins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, incoordination and dermatitis. Keep pets from grazing it. |
| Wirral Supreme Shasta daisy | Leucanthemum × superbum 'Wirral Supreme' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists daisy (Chrysanthemum spp., Compositae) as toxic to dogs and cats, and Shasta daisy was formerly classified as Chrysanthemum × superbum within the same family. The toxic principles are sesquiterpene lactones, pyrethrins and other irritants; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, incoordination and dermatitis. |
| Levant sage | Salvia dominica | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. S. dominica is not individually assessed but belongs to the non-toxic Salvia genus. Consumption of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Levy's Huernia | Huernia levyi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Huernia levyi (Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been documented for the Huernia genus; reputable succulent sources consistently report no toxic effects on pets or humans for multiple Huernia species. |
| Leyland cypress | × Cuprocyparis leylandii | flowering | Mildly toxic | × Cuprocyparis leylandii is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingesting foliage, bark or cones may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling or appetite loss in cats and dogs, and the sap/oils can irritate skin. |
| Li jujube | Ziziphus jujuba 'Li' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ziziphus jujuba is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ripe flesh is a culinary fruit, but the pits/seeds contain cyanogenic compounds and the stems bear sharp spines; treat with caution, keep pets from gnawing fallen pits or foliage, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests seeds. |
| Spike blazing star | Liatris spicata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Liatris as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Kobold blazing star | Liatris spicata 'Kobold' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Liatris as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Lichang Chirita | Chirita lichangensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Belongs to Gesneriaceae, which ASPCA does not list as toxic. No toxic compounds are reported for Chirita lichangensis. Considered pet-safe, though consumption of any plant material in quantity may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Licorice Basil | Ocimum basilicum 'Licorice' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, and this cultivar shares that classification; the foliage poses no recognised poisoning risk to pets, though large quantities may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Licorice Fern | Polypodium glycyrrhiza | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium is a true fern with no toxic principle reported and is not flagged by the ASPCA; true ferns of this type are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Licorice plant | Helichrysum petiolare | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helichrysum petiolare is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic principle has been identified in Helichrysum species for dogs, cats, or horses. Mild GI upset is possible if ingested in quantity. Verify with a vet if a pet shows adverse signs. |
| round-leaf licuala | Licuala orbicularis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Licuala orbicularis is a true fan palm (Arecaceae) and is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; the genus Licuala has no confirmed ASPCA entry. True palms are generally low-risk, but without species-level ASPCA grounding, treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild GI upset. |
| peltate licuala | Licuala peltata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Licuala peltata is a true fan palm (Arecaceae) and is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; the genus Licuala has no confirmed ASPCA entry. True palms are generally low-risk, but without species-level ASPCA grounding, treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild GI upset. |
| mangrove fan palm | Licuala spinosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Licuala spinosa is a true fan palm (Arecaceae) and is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; the genus Licuala has no confirmed ASPCA entry. While true palms are generally regarded as low-risk, treat with caution and verify with a vet, as excess ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Lifelong Saxifrage | Saxifraga paniculata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga stolonifera is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for Saxifraga paniculata; the genus is widely considered safe for pets. |
| Light Prince Goldfish Plant | Columnea 'Light Prince' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea (Gold-Fish Plant) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA (aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/gold-fish-plant). Safe for homes with pets. |
| jewel orchid | Macodes petola | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Macodes petola is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, and no Macodes species appears on it. The ASPCA's only "Jewel Orchid" entry is a different genus — Haemaria (Ludisia) discolor — which it rates non-toxic, so it cannot be applied to Macodes by name. As a conservative precaution we treat it as mildly toxic and recommend verifying with your vet before letting pets access it. |
| Charles Joly lilac | Syringa vulgaris 'Charles Joly' | flowering | Mildly toxic | This cultivar of true lilac (Syringa vulgaris) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; commonly regarded as non-toxic but not ASPCA-confirmed, so use caution and check with a vet. Do not confuse with the unrelated, ASPCA-toxic Persian lilac (Melia azedarach); large ingestions may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Lilac Sage | Salvia verticillata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The plant is considered safe for gardens where pets have access. |
| Lilafee fairy wings | Epimedium grandiflorum 'Lilafee' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Ingestion of any non-food plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| Liliana's peperomia | Peperomia liliana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia liliana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA records multiple Peperomia species — including P. obtusifolia, P. argyreia, P. caperata, P. prostrata, and P. griseoargentea — as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no toxic species in the genus. It is considered pet-safe on that clean-genus basis; verify with your vet if your pet ingests any, as eating plant material in quantity can still cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Black Beauty lily | Lilium 'Black Beauty' | flowering | Toxic | As a Lilium hybrid this is covered by the ASPCA toxic-lily classification; the toxic principle is unknown and cats are the only species known to be affected. Any ingestion, including pollen or vase water, can cause vomiting, lethargy and fatal kidney failure in cats. Keep away from cats entirely. |
| Casa Blanca lily | Lilium 'Casa Blanca' | flowering | Toxic | As a Lilium, 'Casa Blanca' falls under the ASPCA toxic-lily listing; the toxic principle is unknown and cats are uniquely affected. Ingestion of any part, pollen or vase water can cause vomiting, lethargy and fatal acute kidney failure in cats. Keep well away from cats. |
| Conca d'Or lily | Lilium 'Conca d'Or' | flowering | Toxic | As a Lilium hybrid this is covered by the ASPCA toxic-lily classification; the toxic principle is unknown and cats are the only species known to be affected. Any ingestion, including pollen or vase water, can cause vomiting, lethargy and fatal kidney failure in cats. Keep entirely away from cats. |
| Dizzy lily | Lilium 'Dizzy' | flowering | Toxic | Every part of this Oriental lily is, per ASPCA, toxic to cats — petals, leaves, pollen and even vase water can cause vomiting, lethargy, loss of appetite and acute kidney failure that can be fatal. Cats are uniquely and severely affected; ASPCA lists lilies as non-toxic to dogs and horses, though ingestion may still cause stomach upset. Keep entirely away from cats and seek emergency vet care for any feline exposure. |
| Matrix lily | Lilium 'Matrix' | flowering | Toxic | All Lilium are ASPCA-classified as toxic to cats, in which even trace exposure — petals, leaves, pollen, or vase water — can trigger vomiting, lethargy, inappetence and acute, potentially fatal kidney failure. Cats are the species at severe risk; ASPCA lists lilies as non-toxic to dogs and horses, though ingestion can still upset the gut. Keep well away from cats and treat any feline exposure as an emergency. |
| regal lily | Lilium regale | flowering | Toxic | As a true Lilium, the regal lily is covered by the ASPCA toxic-lily classification; the toxic principle is unknown and cats are the only species known to be affected. Any ingestion of plant, pollen or vase water can cause vomiting, lethargy and fatal acute kidney failure in cats. Keep away from cats. |
| Stargazer lily | Lilium 'Stargazer' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Stargazer lily (Lilium species) as toxic; the toxic principle is unknown and cats are the only species known to be affected, in which even small ingestions of any part (including pollen and vase water) can cause vomiting, lethargy, inappetence and acute kidney failure that is often fatal. Keep away from cats entirely. |
| Tiny Bee lily | Lilium 'Tiny Bee' | flowering | Toxic | As a Lilium, 'Tiny Bee' is covered by the ASPCA toxic-lily listing; the toxic principle is unknown and cats are uniquely affected. Even small ingestions of any part, pollen or vase water can cause vomiting, lethargy and fatal acute kidney failure in cats. Keep out of reach of cats. |
| tiger lily | Lilium lancifolium | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists tiger lily (Lilium) as toxic to cats — cats are the only species known to be affected, but exposure is severe: even small amounts of petal, leaf, pollen or vase water can cause vomiting, inappetence, lethargy, acute kidney failure and death. Treat as a veterinary emergency for cats; ASPCA classifies it non-toxic to dogs and horses, though ingestion may still cause GI upset. |
| lily magnolia | Magnolia liliiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Magnolia liliiflora is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Magnolia species generally contain no compounds associated with significant toxicity in companion animals. |
| May lily | Convallaria majalis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Convallaria majalis as severely toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to cardiac glycosides (convallarin, convallotoxin). Causes vomiting, slow heart rate, arrhythmia, seizures. Veterinary emergency. |
| Lilyturf-like Primulina | Primulina ophiopogoides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina ophiopogoides is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. With no confirmed safety data available for cats and dogs, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice immediately if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| butter beans | Phaseolus lunatus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phaseolus lunatus is not listed by the ASPCA. Raw beans contain small amounts of linamarin (cyanogenic glycoside); cooking destroys it. |
| Hoary Basil | Ocimum americanum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists basil (Ocimum basilicum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Lime basil (O. americanum) is a closely related culinary Ocimum with no reported toxic principle, so it is treated as pet-safe; large quantities may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Lime Rickey coral bells | Heuchera 'Lime Rickey' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Heuchera/coral bells, also listed as alumroot). Mild stomach upset is still possible if a pet eats a large quantity. |
| key lime | Citrus × aurantiifolia | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens, concentrated in the peel, leaves, and stems, causing vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and potential photosensitive dermatitis. The fruit flesh is edible to people, but keep pets away from foliage and peel. |
| Limestone Oak Fern | Gymnocarpium robertianum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gymnocarpium robertianum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle, and ferns of this kind are generally regarded as ASPCA non-toxic; because this species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Limestone saxifrage | Saxifraga callosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic. As with all plants, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| giant ambulia | Limnophila aquatica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Limnophila aquatica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus has no ASPCA classification. Treat with caution as an unverified plant; discourage cats and dogs from grazing aquarium plants and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| rice paddy herb | Limnophila aromatica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Although Limnophila aromatica is widely eaten by humans as the culinary rice paddy herb, it is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs. Human edibility is not ASPCA grounding for pet safety, so treat as unverified and consult a vet if a pet ingests it in quantity. |
| Asian marshweed | Limnophila sessiliflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Limnophila is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safety rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a submerged aquarium plant it is seldom accessible to pets, but ingestion of any quantity could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fairy Bouquet Toadflax | Linaria maroccana 'Fairy Bouquet' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Linaria maroccana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but toadflax species (Linaria) contain a toxic glucoside and are reported to cause vomiting, drooling and digestive upset if eaten; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Keep pets from grazing on the plant. |
| Lincoln Pea | Pisum sativum 'Lincoln' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pisum sativum is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. All parts of the garden pea including 'Lincoln' are safe for humans and companion animals. |
| Linden-Leaf Peperomia | Peperomia tiliaefolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA consistently lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic compounds are known in this genus. Ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| lindheimer muhly | Muhlenbergia lindheimeri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. A true grass with no known systemic toxin, but the seed awns can cause mechanical irritation to a pet's mouth, ears or paws if the seed heads are chewed. |
| Lined Sinningia | Sinningia lineata | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. S. lineata is not individually listed; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution pending species-level verification. |
| lingonberry | Vaccinium vitis-idaea | edible | Mildly toxic | Vaccinium vitis-idaea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; the genus carries no recognised systemic toxin and the berries are a human food, but ingestion of plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Koralle lingonberry | Vaccinium vitis-idaea 'Koralle' | edible | Mildly toxic | Vaccinium vitis-idaea and its cultivars are not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so the pet status is unconfirmed; the genus has no recognised systemic toxin and the berries are edible to people, but eating plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than labelling it pet-safe. |
| Lion's Angraecum | Angraecum leonis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Angraecum is not individually listed by ASPCA for this genus, but belongs to the Orchidaceae family, which is broadly recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle has been reported for this genus. Standard caution applies: fertilisers and pesticides used with the plant may be harmful if ingested. |
| Lipstick Echeveria | Echeveria agavoides 'Lipstick' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria agavoides 'Lipstick' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria (Echeveria glauca) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic Echeveria entries. Considered pet-safe; large amounts of any plant can still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if unsure. |
| Lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus radicans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the lipstick plant (genus Aeschynanthus, family Gesneriaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principles identified. Aeschynanthus radicans shares the genus, so it is regarded as pet-safe; as with any houseplant, eating a lot of foliage may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Mona Lisa Lipstick Plant | Aeschynanthus radicans 'Mona Lisa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aeschynanthus (lipstick plant) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity, so discourage chewing. |
| Lipstick Vine | Aeschynanthus radicans | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Aeschynanthus (lipstick plant, Aeschynanthus humilis and related species) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; ingestion may cause minor gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and seed balls are not known to be seriously toxic, but the hard, spiky 'gumball' fruits pose a real physical hazard to paws and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Worplesdon Sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua 'Worplesdon' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Liquidambar styraciflua cultivar, foliage is not known to be seriously toxic, but any spiky seed balls present a physical hazard to paws and may cause mild GI upset if chewed. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Liquorice | Glycyrrhiza glabra | herb | Mildly toxic | Glycyrrhiza glabra is not listed as toxic by ASPCA for dogs or cats. However, glycyrrhizin, the key active compound in the root, can be harmful in large or repeated doses to both humans (causing pseudohyperaldosteronism — sodium retention, potassium loss, hypertension) and pets. Casual contact or small incidental ingestion is low-risk, but concentrated root preparations or large quantities should be kept away from pets, particularly those with cardiac or renal conditions. |
| Liquorice Blue Korean Mint | Agastache rugosa 'Liquorice Blue' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache rugosa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Lamiaceae (mint family), which has no reported systemic toxic principles in pets. Culinary use by humans is established. Exercise normal caution with large ingestions. |
| Tulip Tree | Liriodendron tulipifera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (entered as 'Tulip Poplar'). Note this is the tree Liriodendron, NOT the Tulipa flower bulb, which is toxic — the names are unrelated despite the resemblance. |
| Lisbon lemon | Citrus limon 'Lisbon' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists lemon (Citrus limon) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens, most concentrated in the leaves, peel and stems. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and photosensitive dermatitis; keep the foliage and peel away from pets. |
| living stones | Lithops | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxicity reports. |
| Aucamp's living stones | Lithops aucampiae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses under the entry Living Stones (Lithops, family Aizoaceae). No toxic principles are identified. As with any plant, eating a large amount may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, so casual nibbling is best discouraged. |
| Bromfield's living stones | Lithops bromfieldii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs under the name Living Stones (Lithops). Ingestion is not expected to cause poisoning, though eating any plant in quantity can cause mild stomach upset, so it is still best kept out of reach. |
| diverging living stones | Lithops divergens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (listed under Living Stones, Lithops species). As with any non-toxic plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Hooker's living stones | Lithops hookeri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses under the Living Stones (Lithops, family Aizoaceae) entry, with no toxic principles identified. As with any plant, ingesting a large quantity could cause mild, temporary stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Juli's living stones | Lithops julii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Living Stones, Lithops). Non-toxic principle confirmed by ASPCA; ingestion may nonetheless cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Leslie's living stones | Lithops lesliei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses under the Living Stones (Lithops, family Aizoaceae) entry, with no toxic principles identified. As with any houseplant, eating a large amount may cause mild, passing gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from nibbling. |
| purple living stones | Lithops optica 'Rubra' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Living Stones, Lithops). The species and cultivar share the genus's non-toxic status; ingestion may still cause minor GI upset. |
| mimicry plant | Lithops pseudotruncatella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses). The ASPCA lists Living Stones (Lithops, family Aizoaceae) with toxic principles 'non-toxic'. As with any plant, ingesting a large amount may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so it is best kept out of reach. |
| salt-tolerant living stones | Lithops salicola | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Living Stones, Lithops). As with any plant, nibbling may cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| little bluestem | Schizachyrium scoparium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Schizachyrium scoparium is a member of the grass family Poaceae and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Grasses contain no known toxic principles for dogs or cats, and little bluestem has historically been an important livestock forage grass across the Great Plains. Safe for pets. |
| little bunny fountain grass | Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Little Bunny' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pennisetum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Little Calyx Aechmea | Aechmea calyculata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea calyculata is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the Aechmea genus is broadly considered non-toxic in horticultural and veterinary references, with only potential mild GI irritation if large amounts of plant material are consumed. |
| Little Gem lettuce | Lactuca sativa 'Little Gem' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a non-toxic salad crop generally recognised as safe for cats and dogs and is not on the ASPCA list of toxic plants. It is not catalogued as a named ASPCA entry, but has no known toxic principle. Give only small, washed amounts, since too much can cause mild digestive upset. |
| Little Gem Magnolia | Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Magnolia (Magnolia Bush, Magnolia stellata) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and the genus Magnolia is treated as non-toxic with no identified toxic principle. Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem' belongs to the same genus and shares this safety classification. Ingestion of leaves or flowers may cause mild, transient stomach upset in sensitive animals, but no specific toxic compounds are identified. |
| Little Gem Norway Spruce | Picea abies 'Little Gem' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Norway spruce (Picea abies) is not on the ASPCA's toxic-plant list and has no known toxic principle, so it is treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The needles are sharp and can cause mild mechanical or gastrointestinal irritation if chewed; discourage ingestion and monitor for transient stomach upset. |
| Little Hard Fern | Blechnum penna-marina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blechnum penna-marina is a true fern and is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. True ferns are generally considered non-toxic to pets, though ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Little Heath pieris | Pieris japonica 'Little Heath' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Pieris japonica 'Little Heath' contain grayanotoxins and are toxic to cats, dogs, horses, and humans. Despite its ornamental and compact appearance, it should not be planted in areas accessible to grazing animals or young children. Symptoms of poisoning include salivation, vomiting, and cardiac effects. |
| little kitten maiden grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Little Kitten' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than labelling it pet-safe. The genuine hazard from ornamental grasses is mechanical, with sharp blades and barbed seed awns able to cut a pet's mouth or lodge in eyes and ears. |
| Little Leather Lepanthes | Lepanthes coricilla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Member of Orchidaceae; the family has no known toxic principle. Lepanthes coricilla is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but orchids broadly are confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in the Lepanthes genus. |
| Little One Temple Bells | Smithiantha 'Little One' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Smithiantha belongs to family Gesneriaceae, which has no known toxic principles for cats or dogs. Smithiantha is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family is widely regarded as pet-safe by horticultural and veterinary sources; no toxic alkaloids or irritants have been reported for this genus. |
| little silver spider grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Kleine Silberspinne' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus sinensis cultivars are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic principles, and ornamental grasses of this type are generally regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Little Sweet Betsy | Trillium cuneatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium cuneatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA on its Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists. NC State Extension classifies it as low-severity poisonous, with fruits and roots identified as the parts of concern and the toxic principle uncharacterised. As with related Trillium species, steroidal saponins may be present. Keep pets and children from ingesting any part of the plant; contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) or a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Karas Mountains Living Stone | Lithops karasmontana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses under the common name Living Stones (genus Lithops, family Aizoaceae). No toxic principles are reported. As with any plant, ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| ribbon fan palm | Livistona decipiens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Livistona and true palms in the family Arecaceae are not classified as toxic, and the ASPCA lists comparable fan palms as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Considered pet-safe; the chief hazard is the spiny leaf-stalk margins, which can cause cuts rather than poisoning. |
| footstool palm | Livistona rotundifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Livistona and true palms of the family Arecaceae are not classified as toxic; the ASPCA lists comparable fan palms as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Treated as pet-safe. The leaf-stalk margins can be sharp, so the main risk is mechanical, not chemical. |
| Lobb's Cirrhopetalum | Bulbophyllum lobbii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Bulbophyllum is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Lobb's Ixora | Ixora lobbii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ixora lobbii is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Ixora genus belongs to Rubiaceae and contains iridoid compounds and tannins; mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if plant material is ingested by pets or children. Not considered severely toxic, but caution is advised. |
| Lobbi Japanese Cedar | Cryptomeria japonica 'Lobbii' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cryptomeria japonica is not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA. However, the genus contains terpenic compounds and resinous oils common to conifers that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) if ingested in quantity. Treat with caution around pets and consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Lobed Tickseed | Coreopsis auriculata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known for Coreopsis auriculata. |
| Cardinal Flower | Lobelia cardinalis | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is lobeline, a nicotine-like pyridine alkaloid; clinical signs include depression, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and heart-rhythm disturbances. Keep pets from chewing it and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingestion is suspected. |
| Cascade Blue Lobelia | Lobelia erinus 'Cascade Blue' | flowering | Toxic | Lobelia species contain piperidine alkaloids (notably lobeline) and are considered toxic; while L. erinus is not individually itemised on the ASPCA list, lobelias are widely documented as toxic to pets and people if eaten, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, salivation and, in larger amounts, tremors. Treat as toxic and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Riviera Lilac Lobelia | Lobelia erinus 'Riviera Lilac' | flowering | Toxic | Lobelia species contain piperidine alkaloids (notably lobeline) and are regarded as toxic; L. erinus is not individually itemised on the ASPCA list, but lobelias are well documented as toxic if eaten, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, salivation and tremors in larger doses. Treat as toxic and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Techno Heat Blue Lobelia | Lobelia erinus 'Techno Heat Blue' | flowering | Toxic | Lobelia species contain piperidine alkaloids (notably lobeline) and are considered toxic; L. erinus is not individually itemised on the ASPCA list, but lobelias are widely documented as toxic to pets if eaten, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, salivation and tremors at higher doses. Treat as toxic and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Blue Cardinal Flower | Lobelia siphilitica | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lobelia as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with lobeline (a nicotine-like pyridine alkaloid) as the toxic principle; Lobelia siphilitica shares this chemistry. Signs include depression, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and heart-rhythm disturbances. Keep pets from chewing the plant and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingestion is suspected. |
| Cob Cactus | Echinopsis famatimensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Echinopsis genus (which now includes Lobivia) is treated as non-toxic by the ASPCA, which lists Echinopsis multiplex (Easter Lily Cactus) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The only real hazard is mechanical from the spines, so position it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Loblolly Pine Bonsai | Pinus taeda | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinus species are treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (representative pines such as Ponderosa Pine are listed non-toxic); ingested needles or resin may still cause mild stomach irritation. |
| Lobster Claw Heliconia | Heliconia rostrata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia rostrata is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Secondary metabolites in the sap — including alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins — can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) and skin or oral irritation in cats and dogs; classified as mildly toxic and kept away from pets as a precaution. |
| Lobster Flower | Plectranthus neochilus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as pet-safe by specialist succulent nurseries including Mountain Crest Gardens; Plectranthus species in general are classified non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by ASPCA (confirmed for P. australis, P. coleoides, P. oetendahlii). If ingestion of a large amount causes concern, contact your vet. |
| Loch Ness blackberry | Rubus fruticosus 'Loch Ness' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rubus genus, per the ASPCA Creeping Rubus entry). Being thornless, 'Loch Ness' poses less scratch risk than wild blackberries; berries and leaves are safe, with only mild GI upset possible if gorged. |
| Log fern | Dryopteris celsa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris celsa is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database; some Dryopteris species are flagged as potentially irritating to pets by non-ASPCA sources. Until authoritative confirmation is available, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from cats and dogs. |
| loganberry | Rubus × loganobaccus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rubus genus, per the ASPCA Creeping Rubus entry). Berries and foliage are safe; thorned forms can scratch, and large amounts of fruit may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Lollo Rosso | Lactuca sativa 'Lollo Rosso' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a non-toxic salad green widely regarded as safe for cats and dogs and does not appear on the ASPCA's toxic plant list. It is not individually catalogued as a named ASPCA entry, but holds no known toxic principle. Serve only small, washed pieces, as overeating may cause mild loose stools. |
| London Pride | Saxifraga umbrosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga umbrosa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Saxifraga has no reported toxic principle in the veterinary literature; considered safe around pets and children. |
| London Pride | Saxifraga urbium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga species, including S. urbium, are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The closely related S. stolonifera is confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. Considered safe around pets and children. |
| Lonesome Dove hosta | Hosta 'Lonesome Dove' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Long Spider Orchid | Brassia longissima | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassia is in the family Orchidaceae. The ASPCA lists numerous orchid genera as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Brassia is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but the genus has no known toxic principles and is consistent with the non-toxic orchid pattern. Ingestion of plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Long-Beaked Stork's Bill | Erodium botrys | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium botrys is not listed by the ASPCA as a toxic plant, and no toxic principles have been identified for the Erodium genus in cats or dogs. As no confirmed ASPCA 'non-toxic' entry exists for this exact species, mildly-toxic is the cautious classification; ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. |
| Long-feathered Aponogeton | Aponogeton longiplumulosus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aponogeton longiplumulosus is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Aponogeton genus has no known toxic principles identified in veterinary or botanical literature. Aquarium hobby sources universally regard it as safe for fish and invertebrates. Consult a vet if a pet ingests large amounts. |
| Long-Flowered Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum longiflorum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Bulbophyllum appendiculatum (Old World Orchid / Cirrhopetalum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. B. longiflorum is not individually listed by ASPCA but is a member of the same genus, and no toxic principle has been identified in Bulbophyllum orchids. |
| Long-Flowered Chalice Vine | Solandra longiflora | tropical | Toxic | As a member of Solanaceae, Solandra longiflora contains potentially harmful alkaloids throughout the plant. Ingestion can cause serious illness in cats, dogs, and humans. ASPCA does not individually list this species, but the family toxicity profile makes caution essential. |
| Long-flowered sage | Salvia longiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia longiflora is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. As with other members of the genus, essential oil compounds may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs if ingested in significant amounts; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Long-Haired Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum crinitum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zygopetalum belongs to Orchidaceae, which the ASPCA recognises as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This species is not individually listed by ASPCA but the family and genus have no documented toxic principles. |
| long-horned ginger lily | Hedychium longicornutum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hedychium coronarium and Hedychium gardnerianum as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; Hedychium longicornutum belongs to the same genus with no identified toxic principles, and is considered non-toxic. |
| Long-leaf Parlor Palm | Chamaedorea oblongata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chamaedorea oblongata belongs to the Chamaedorea genus, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (listed under Parlor Palm, Bamboo Palm, and Chamaedorea). The foliage is considered safe for pets. |
| Long-leaf Parlour Palm | Chamaedorea oblongata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Chamaedorea species (under multiple common names including Parlor Palm and Bamboo Palm) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are identified. |
| Long-leaf wax plant | Hoya longifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA. Consuming large quantities of any plant may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Long-Leaved Pachyphytum | Pachyphytum longifolium | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pachyphytum is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. Suitable for homes with pets. |
| Long-leaved Pelargonium | Pelargonium longifolium | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium spp. (Geranium/Pelargonium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with geraniol and linalool identified as toxic principles. Ingestion causes vomiting, anorexia, depression, and skin/coat dermatitis; cats are most sensitive. |
| Long-leaved phlomis | Phlomis longifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis longifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. Due to the lack of confirmed pet-safety data for this species, a mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution; seek veterinary advice promptly if a cat or dog ingests any part of this plant. |
| Long-leaved speedwell | Veronica longifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica longifolia is considered non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The genus Veronica (Plantaginaceae) has no reported toxic principles; the ASPCA does not list it as a toxic plant. |
| Long-lipped Tongue Orchid | Serapias vomeracea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Serapias vomeracea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database. Terrestrial orchids in general are not considered dangerously poisonous, but Serapias has not been individually evaluated in veterinary toxicology literature. Because no confirmed non-toxic status can be established from an authoritative source, this plant is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. Prevent pets from digging up and ingesting the underground tubers. |
| Long-Petalled Lewisia | Lewisia longipetala | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lewisia is not listed by the ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant database. No toxic principle has been identified for this genus, but in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Long-spurred violet | Viola rostrata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola rostrata is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Viola genus is widely regarded as non-toxic by veterinary authorities and is not listed as a toxic plant by the ASPCA. Flowers and young leaves are edible for humans. Large quantities of foliage may cause mild, transient digestive upset in sensitive animals, but the plant does not contain known toxic principles. |
| Long-stalk Goldfish Plant | Nematanthus longipes | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (Gold-Fish Plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Long-stalked bladderwort | Utricularia praelonga | tropical | Mildly toxic | Utricularia praelonga is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic compound is known in the genus, but formal pet-safety data is absent. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. |
| Long-Stalked Cranesbill | Geranium columbinum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA — the ASPCA's 'Geranium' entry refers to Pelargonium species. Geranium columbinum is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Long-stalked Sinningia | Sinningia macropoda | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. S. macropoda is not individually listed; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution pending species-level verification. |
| Long-stalked Spiderwort | Tradescantia longipes | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tradescantia longipes is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but the genus includes T. fluminensis which ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (clinical sign: dermatitis). As a precaution, treat this species as mildly toxic; sap may cause skin irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. |
| Long-stamen sage | Salvia stamina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but is not expected to be life-threatening. |
| Long-stamened sage | Salvia exserta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. S. exserta is not individually listed but as a Salvia it is regarded as non-toxic; minor ingestion may cause transient mild stomach upset in sensitive animals. |
| Long-Stemmed Thyme | Thymus longicaulis | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Thymus longicaulis is a wild thyme of the same genus as culinary thyme and is considered pet-safe. No toxic principles are reported for this species. |
| Long-styled sage | Salvia longistyla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia longistyla is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. Essential oils found in the leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs if ingested in quantity; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution pending confirmed ASPCA data. |
| Long-tailed Masdevallia | Masdevallia macrura | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Masdevallia (Tailed Orchid, Masdevallia spp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. Masdevallia macrura is considered pet-safe. |
| Longan | Dimocarpus longan | tropical | Mildly toxic | Longan is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet. As a member of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), its seeds and shells contain saponins and hypoglycin-type compounds and should be kept away from pets. Ripe flesh is widely eaten, but never let animals access the seeds or rinds. |
| Longan | Nephelium longana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nephelium longana (longan) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The seeds of longan and close relatives in Sapindaceae contain cyanogenic compounds and present a choking and toxicity hazard to pets. The fleshy aril is not reported as toxic but the high sugar content can cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. Seeds should be kept away from pets. Consult a vet if a pet ingests the seed. |
| Longcluster Japanese Wisteria | Wisteria floribunda 'Multijuga' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Wisteria as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The RHS also states it is harmful if eaten and harmful to pets. Toxic compounds include lectin and wisterin glycoside. Symptoms include vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhea, and depression. All parts are considered toxic — seeds and seed pods are the most dangerous. Contact a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Longleaf Ground Cherry | Physalis longifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | As a Solanaceae member, unripe fruits, leaves, and stems of Physalis longifolia contain solanine-type alkaloids that are mildly toxic to dogs and cats (GI upset, vomiting). Ripe fruits are edible by humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA; treat green plant parts as a caution around pets. |
| Longleaf Phlox | Phlox longifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phlox longifolia belongs to the family Polemoniaceae. No toxic principles are known for the Phlox genus, and ASPCA lists related Phlox species as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Considered pet-safe. |
| Italian honeysuckle | Lonicera caprifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lonicera caprifolium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists — the genus contains both ASPCA-listed-toxic and unlisted species, so treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet. The red berries and foliage contain saponins that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) if eaten. Keep pets and small children away from the fruit. |
| Japanese honeysuckle | Lonicera japonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lonicera is not affirmatively listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA (its 'Honeysuckle Fuchsia' entry is the unrelated Fuchsia), and the berries of Japanese honeysuckle are reported to cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs, with the genus containing saponins and cyanogenic glycosides. Treat as mildly toxic, keep pets from the berries and foliage, and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| common honeysuckle | Lonicera periclymenum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lonicera is not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA, and common honeysuckle is among the species noted to have low toxicity, with bright berries and foliage containing saponins and cyanogenic compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset if eaten. Treat as mildly toxic, keep pets away from the berries, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| late Dutch honeysuckle | Lonicera periclymenum 'Serotina' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Lonicera periclymenum cultivar, it shares the genus's status: not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA, with berries and foliage containing saponins and cyanogenic compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset. Treat as mildly toxic, keep pets away from the colourful berries, and verify with a vet if any is eaten. |
| trumpet honeysuckle | Lonicera sempervirens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Some sources note coral honeysuckle is not on the ASPCA toxic list, but the ASPCA does not affirmatively list it as non-toxic either, and the Lonicera genus can contain saponins; berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Without a positive ASPCA non-toxic listing it is treated as mildly toxic; keep pets from the berries and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| goldflame honeysuckle | Lonicera x heckrottii | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Lonicera hybrid, it is not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA, and the genus can contain saponins and cyanogenic glycosides, with honeysuckle berries reported to cause gastrointestinal upset. Treat as mildly toxic, keep pets away from the berries and foliage, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Loofah | Luffa aegyptiaca | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Luffa aegyptiaca is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The edible immature fruits are widely consumed in South and East Asian cuisines. The mature fibrous sponge is non-toxic but indigestible if chewed by pets. |
| Looking Glass begonia | Begonia 'Looking Glass' | houseplant | Toxic | Begonia 'Looking Glass' belongs to the Begonia genus, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains soluble oxalates, especially concentrated in the roots, that cause oral irritation, excessive salivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if ingested. |
| Loose Aichryson | Aichryson laxum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aichryson laxum belongs to Crassulaceae and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Related jade-type Crassulaceae genera are known to be toxic to dogs and cats, so treat with caution and keep the plant away from pets. |
| Loose-flowered Monanthes | Monanthes laxiflora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Monanthes laxiflora is a Crassulaceae member and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Given that related jade-type Crassulaceae genera are noted as toxic to pets, treat this species with caution and keep away from dogs and cats. |
| Loose-leaf Lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. crispa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Edible and safe in small amounts for most pets, though large quantities may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Lopsided Begonia | Begonia obliqua | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates concentrated in the roots and tubers. Symptoms of ingestion include oral irritation, salivation, vomiting, and dysphagia. |
| Loquat | Eriobotrya japonica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eriobotrya japonica is not clearly listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so treat its status as uncertain and verify with a vet. Importantly, the seeds, leaves and stems contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) that release cyanide when chewed; the ripe flesh is generally regarded as safe, but pets should be kept from the seeds and foliage. |
| Loranthus-leaf Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis loranthophylla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis belongs to Orchidaceae, which is classified as non-toxic by ASPCA. Pleurothallis loranthophylla is not individually listed, but the family has no known toxic principle to dogs or cats. |
| Lords-and-Ladies | Arum maculatum | flowering | Toxic | Confirmed toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by ASPCA (listed under 'Arum'). All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides; the bright scarlet-orange autumn berries are especially concentrated and attractive to children and pets. Symptoms: intense oral burning, drooling, swelling of mouth and throat, vomiting, difficulty swallowing. Skin contact with sap can cause contact dermatitis — wear gloves when handling. |
| Loscosi's thyme | Thymus loscosii | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies thyme (Thymus species) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in the garden plant; concentrated essential oils are a separate matter and should not be applied topically to animals. |
| Lossow's Jensenobotrya | Jensenobotrya lossowiana | houseplant | Toxic | The leaves of Jensenobotrya lossowiana are reported to contain toxins that can cause abdominal cramps, nausea, and serious illness if ingested by humans or animals. Jensenobotrya is not individually listed by ASPCA; given the Aizoaceae family context and reported leaf toxins, treat as toxic and keep away from pets and children. |
| Lotax Dragon Orchid | Dracula lotax | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dracula orchids belong to the Pleurothallidinae subtribe of Orchidaceae. Orchids as a family are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Dracula is not individually listed, but no toxic principles are reported for this genus. |
| Louise Bonne pear | Pyrus communis 'Louise Bonne of Jersey' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus (pear) fruit and foliage are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. As with all Rosaceae, the seeds contain trace amygdalin; these should not be consumed in large amounts by pets, but the flesh poses no toxicity concern. |
| Garden Lovage | Levisticum officinale | herb | Mildly toxic | Lovage (Levisticum officinale) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally established. As a furanocoumarin-containing umbellifer it can cause photosensitivity, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. |
| Love-in-a-mist | Nigella damascena | flowering | Toxic | Nigella damascena seeds contain potentially toxic alkaloids including damascenine and isoquinoline derivatives. The seeds are the most concentrated part of the plant. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset, and in larger quantities, more serious effects. Not individually ASPCA-listed, but the toxicological literature warrants treating this plant as toxic, especially the seeds. Keep away from pets and children. Note: Nigella sativa (black seed/kalonji) is a separate culinary species — N. damascena is the ornamental garden form and should not be consumed. |
| love-lies-bleeding | Amaranthus caudatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Amaranthus caudatus is not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA, but the genus Amaranthus includes A. retroflexus (pigweed), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats and horses due to soluble oxalates. The ornamental species A. caudatus contains oxalates and nitrates at levels that may cause problems with large ingestion, particularly in livestock. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic, discourage pets from eating it, and contact a vet if significant ingestion is suspected. |
| Loving Touch | Rosa 'Loving Touch' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Thorns may still injure curious pets, and florist roses can carry chemical residues, so home-grown plants are the safest choice around animals. |
| low shield plant | Homalomena humilis | houseplant | Toxic | As an Araceae aroid, Homalomena humilis contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes immediate oral irritation, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, and vomiting in cats, dogs, and humans. The ASPCA classifies the Homalomena genus as toxic to dogs and cats. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Low's Cymbidium | Cymbidium lowianum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cymbidium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic alkaloids or irritating compounds are documented in this genus. |
| Low's Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes lowii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and no confirmed toxicity cases in cats or dogs have been reported. The digestive fluid inside pitchers may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by pets. Classified as mildly-toxic as a general precaution. |
| lowbush blueberry | Vaccinium angustifolium | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The fruit and foliage of Vaccinium are pet-safe; only large amounts of plant material may cause mild, passing gastrointestinal upset. |
| Low's pitcher plant | Nepenthes lowii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Nepenthes tropical pitcher plants are not classified as toxic and are generally regarded as safe for cats and dogs; ingestion at most may cause mild digestive upset. In practice this specialist plant lives in a terrarium away from pets, which also protects its slow-growing pitchers. |
| Lowland brittle fern | Cystopteris protrusa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cystopteris protrusa is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Some fern species contain thiaminase or irritant compounds; out of caution this species is classified as mildly-toxic. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Griffith's loxostigma | Loxostigma griffithii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and no Loxostigma species or close relative appears on its lists; the family Gesneriaceae's listed members are non-toxic, which is reassuring but not species-specific. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety. |
| lucent scindapsus | Scindapsus lucens | houseplant | Toxic | As a member of Araceae, Scindapsus lucens contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, the same toxic principle as ASPCA-listed Scindapsus pictus (Satin Pothos). Ingestion by cats, dogs, or humans causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and throat. Not individually listed by ASPCA under this species name but shares the toxic mechanism of the genus. |
| ribbon plant | Dracaena sanderiana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena sanderiana as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Symptoms include vomiting, drooling, and loss of appetite. |
| Lucky Nut | Cascabela thevetia | tropical | Toxic | All parts are highly toxic to humans, dogs, cats, and horses. The plant contains cardiac glycosides including thevetin A and B; the milky sap and especially the seeds can cause severe cardiac arrhythmia, vomiting, and death. The name 'Lucky Nut' refers to the seed being carried as a charm — despite this, ingestion of even one seed is a medical emergency. The botanical name Cascabela thevetia is the currently accepted name; Thevetia peruviana is a widely used synonym. Wear gloves when handling. |
| Lucuma | Pouteria lucuma | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria lucuma is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Sapotaceae family has no widely documented systemic toxic principle for companion animals. However, unripe fruit and seed kernels contain bitter compounds and tannins. Ripe pulp is consumed by humans and is generally considered safe, but pets should not have access to seeds or unripe fruit. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part. |
| White Jewel Orchid | Ludisia discolor 'Alba' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs under 'Jewel Orchid' (Ludisia discolor, syn. Haemaria discolor). Orchids carry no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principle. As with any plant, large amounts of foliage may cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| needle-leaf Ludwigia | Ludwigia arcuata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ludwigia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safety rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a submerged aquarium plant it is rarely accessible to pets, but any ingestion could cause mild stomach upset. |
| short-stem Ludwigia | Ludwigia brevipes | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ludwigia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safety rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a submerged aquarium plant it is rarely accessible to pets, but any ingestion could cause mild stomach upset. |
| glandular primrose-willow | Ludwigia glandulosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ludwigia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safety rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is grown submerged and seldom reachable by pets, but ingestion could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| marsh purslane | Ludwigia palustris | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ludwigia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safety rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an aquatic plant it is not a typical browsing hazard, but ingestion of any quantity could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| creeping primrose-willow | Ludwigia repens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ludwigia is not listed by the ASPCA on either the toxic or non-toxic plant lists (it does not appear on the ASPCA 'L' list), so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as a submerged aquarium plant, ingestion by cats or dogs is unlikely in practice. |
| Luisier's lavender | Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate. Clinical signs include nausea, vomiting (not in horses), and loss of appetite. |
| Lund's peperomia | Peperomia lundii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia lundii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but every Peperomia species the ASPCA has assessed — including Trailing Peperomia (P. prostrata), Blunt Leaf (P. obtusifolia), Watermelon Peperomia (P. argyreia), Emerald Ripple (P. caperata), and P. griseoargentea — is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no toxic member in the genus. It is treated as pet-safe on this clean, consistent genus record; verify with your vet if your pet ingests a significant amount. |
| Lungling Primulina | Primulina lunglinensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina lunglinensis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Primulina genus is not a confirmed toxic group, but with insufficient safety data for cats and dogs this species is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; keep out of reach of pets and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Lungwort | Pulmonaria officinalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pulmonaria officinalis is not formally listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. However, the plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (hepatotoxic in quantity) and saponins — both classes flagged as harmful to cats and dogs by animal poison control authorities. The coarse trichomes on leaves also cause contact irritation. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| common lungwort | Pulmonaria officinalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; it contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and saponins (compound classes the ASPCA flags as toxic) and bristly trichomes can irritate skin. Treat with caution and verify with a vet — do not assume pet-safe. |
| lupin | Lupinus polyphyllus | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lupinus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to quinolizidine alkaloids. Seeds are most toxic; causes vomiting, salivation, tremors, and rare seizures. |
| Chandelier lupin | Lupinus 'Chandelier' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Lupinus contains quinolizidine alkaloids concentrated in seeds and pods; the ASPCA/Pet Poison Helpline list lupines as toxic, with signs including drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, incoordination, muscle tremors and laboured breathing in larger doses. Prevent pets from chewing seedpods. |
| Manhattan Lights lupine | Lupinus 'Manhattan Lights' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Lupinus contains quinolizidine alkaloids concentrated in seeds and pods; lupines are listed as toxic by the ASPCA/Pet Poison Helpline, with signs of drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, incoordination, tremors and laboured breathing in larger doses. Keep pets away from seedpods. |
| Masterpiece lupin | Lupinus 'Masterpiece' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lupinus (lupine) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The plant contains quinolizidine alkaloids (such as lupinine) and, in some species, anagyrine; seeds are the most concentrated. Signs of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, loss of appetite, incoordination, muscle twitching, laboured breathing and, in severe cases, convulsions. Keep pets away. |
| Tequila Flame lupin | Lupinus 'Tequila Flame' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lupinus (lupine) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain quinolizidine alkaloids, with the seeds most potent. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, appetite loss, incoordination, muscle twitching and breathing difficulty. Treat the whole plant, especially seed pods, as off-limits to pets. |
| The Governor lupin | Lupinus 'The Governor' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Lupinus contains quinolizidine alkaloids (lupinine, sparteine, anagyrine and others), most concentrated in the seeds and pods; the ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline flag lupines/bluebonnets as toxic, causing salivation, GI upset, incoordination, tremors and, in large doses, breathing difficulty. Keep pets away from seedpods. |
| Gallery Blue lupine | Lupinus polyphyllus 'Gallery Blue' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Lupinus polyphyllus contains quinolizidine alkaloids (most concentrated in seeds and pods); lupines are flagged toxic by the ASPCA/Pet Poison Helpline, causing salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, incoordination and tremors, with breathing difficulty in larger doses. Keep pets from the seedpods. |
| Luxurians Anthurium | Anthurium luxurians | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium luxurians is not individually named on the ASPCA database, but every listed Anthurium (under Anthurium scherzeranum: flamingo flower, tail flower, etc.) is classified toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and as an aroid (Araceae) this species contains the same insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of pets' reach and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Luxuriant bleeding heart | Dicentra 'Luxuriant' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Dicentra hybrid it contains isoquinoline alkaloids; per the ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline, bleeding heart can cause trembling, staggering, drooling, vomiting and seizures with larger ingestions. Handle with gloves to avoid skin irritation. |
| Luzon begonia | Begonia luzonensis | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground (rhizome) parts; signs of ingestion include oral burning, hypersalivation, and vomiting. |
| Luzon Vanda | Vanda luzonica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vanda orchids are not individually listed by the ASPCA for this species, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae, which has no reported toxic principles. Related Vanda species such as Vanda (Papilionanthe) are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Ingestion of plant material is not recommended. |
| Ly's wax plant | Hoya lyi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of any plant material in large quantities may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Fragrant Lycaste | Lycaste aromatica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of the Orchidaceae it falls within a family the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs (consistent with listed orchids such as Spice and Phalaenopsis); treat as pet-safe. Ingesting plant material may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Blood-red Lycaste | Lycaste cruenta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Lycaste is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Deppe's Lycaste | Lycaste deppei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Lycaste is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Skinner's Lycaste | Lycaste skinneri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Lycaste is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Lychee | Litchi chinensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Lychee is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet. The seed and unripe arils are the concern: they contain saponins and hypoglycin-type compounds (MCPG) linked to dangerous low blood sugar, so keep seeds away from pets. Ripe flesh is generally eaten, but the pit should never be offered. |
| Lycian sage phlomis | Phlomis lycia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis lycia is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. In the absence of confirmed safety data, it is classified as mildly-toxic; seek veterinary advice promptly if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Lydia's Window Plant | Ophthalmophyllum lydiae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ophthalmophyllum lydiae (syn. Conophytum lydiae) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Related Conophytum species and Lithops (Aizoaceae) are listed as non-toxic by ASPCA, and no toxic principles are documented for this genus. However, as direct ASPCA confirmation is absent for this species, a cautious rating is applied. |
| Lydian broom | Genista lydia | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Genista as toxic to cats and dogs. Genista lydia, like most leguminous broom species, contains quinolizidine alkaloids including cytisine and sparteine. These compounds are not listed individually on the ASPCA database for this species, but related Cytisus/Genista brooms are documented to cause vomiting, abdominal discomfort, weakness, and cardiac effects in dogs and cats. Treat as mildly toxic and keep pets from ingesting foliage or seed pods. |
| Lydian stonecrop | Sedum lydium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs and is widely regarded as non-toxic; ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but the genus is not considered hazardous. |
| Lyme grass | Leymus arenarius | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Leymus arenarius is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified; grass pollen may trigger hay fever in sensitive individuals. |
| Creeping Jenny | Lysimachia nummularia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lysimachia nummularia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant lists; some garden sources call it pet-safe but this is not ASPCA-confirmed, so treat it as uncertain, keep pets from grazing it, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Golden Creeping Jenny | Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Lysimachia nummularia, 'Aurea' shares the species' status: it is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant lists. Garden sources often call moneywort pet-safe, but this is not ASPCA-confirmed, so treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Purple Loosestrife | Lythrum salicaria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lythrum salicaria is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant lists, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. The far greater concern with this species is its status as a regulated invasive weed in many regions. |
| macadamia | Macadamia integrifolia | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA does not individually list Macadamia integrifolia, but macadamia nuts are a well-documented toxin to dogs, recognised by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. Ingestion causes weakness, vomiting, tremors, hyperthermia, and hind-limb ataxia, typically within 12 hours. Treat the tree and its nuts as dog-toxic; keep fallen nuts cleared and contact a vet if a dog ingests any. |
| Macarthur Palm | Ptychosperma macarthurii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ptychosperma macarthurii is a true palm (Arecaceae) with no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but Ptychosperma belongs to the same family as ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic palms (Areca, Kentia). No toxic compounds are documented for this genus. |
| MacDonnell Ranges Cycad | Macrozamia macdonnellii | tropical | Toxic | All Macrozamia species contain cycasin and related neurotoxic and hepatotoxic compounds. Ingestion by dogs or cats causes vomiting, seizures, and potentially fatal liver failure. Seeds pose the greatest risk. ASPCA lists cycads as toxic to dogs and cats. This applies to Macrozamia macdonnellii. Immediate veterinary attention is essential after any suspected ingestion. |
| Macdougall's begonia | Begonia macdougallii | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts; ingestion causes oral irritation, burning sensation, hypersalivation, and vomiting in cats and dogs. |
| MacGillivray's wax plant | Hoya macgillivrayi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Macho Fern | Nephrolepis biserrata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nephrolepis biserrata is a member of the Nephrolepis genus, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The macho fern poses no known toxic risk to companion animals. |
| Giant sword fern | Nephrolepis biserrata 'Macho' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Nephrolepis biserrata is a true sword fern in the same genus as the ASPCA non-toxic Boston fern, with no toxic principle such as calcium oxalates. Ingesting plant material may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset from fibre, not true poisoning. |
| Mackay's Heath | Erica mackaiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erica mackaiana is not listed by ASPCA as toxic or confirmed non-toxic. The genus Erica is not a known toxic group but, because explicit ASPCA confirmation is absent, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Mackay Orchid | Zygopetalum mackayi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zygopetalum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classes Phalaenopsis and Jewel orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and cultivated orchids of this type follow that non-toxic pattern. Considered pet-safe; the realistic hazard is pesticide or fertiliser residue rather than the plant itself, so rinse foliage, and chewing may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Madagascar Feather Palm | Dypsis pinnatifrons | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis pinnatifrons is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It belongs to the Dypsis genus and Arecaceae family, which includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic palms such as Dypsis lutescens (areca palm). No toxic principles are documented for this species or the broader palm family. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Madagascar jasmine | Stephanotis floribunda | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Madagascar Jasmine (Stephanotis floribunda) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Despite belonging to the Apocynaceae/Asclepiadaceae family, it carries no toxicity warning from the ASPCA; as with any plant, discourage pets from nibbling to avoid mild stomach upset. |
| Madagascar Lace Plant | Aponogeton madagascariensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aponogeton madagascariensis is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, the Aponogeton genus has no known toxic principles in the scientific literature, and aquarium sources universally consider it safe. As with all aquarium plants, confirm with a veterinarian if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Madagascar Palm | Pachypodium lamerei | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Pachypodium lamerei (Apocynaceae) contain toxic latex sap with cardiac glycoside-type compounds (cardenolides). Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, irregular heartbeat, and potentially death in pets and humans. The ASPCA lists related Apocynaceae genera (e.g. Adenium) as toxic. Keep out of reach of pets and children. The sharp spines also pose a physical injury risk. |
| Madagascar Palm | Pachypodium geayi | tropical | Toxic | Pachypodium geayi belongs to family Apocynaceae and contains toxic alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in its milky latex sap. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and cardiovascular effects in dogs, cats, and humans. The spines also cause physical injury. Pachypodium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the Apocynaceae family — which includes oleander, Adenium, and Plumeria — is well-established as toxic to pets; apply the same caution. |
| Madagascar periwinkle | Catharanthus roseus | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists periwinkle/vinca (Vinca rosea, a synonym of Catharanthus roseus) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts contain vinca alkaloids; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, low blood pressure, depression, tremors, seizures, and in severe cases coma or death. Keep away from pets and call a vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if eaten. |
| Madagascar sundew | Drosera madagascariensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera (sundews) are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The sticky mucilage is a mechanical insect trap and poses no chemical hazard to pets or humans. |
| Madame Alfred Carriere | Rosa 'Madame Alfred Carriere' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Non-poisonous and almost thornless, so it poses minimal mechanical risk to pets as well. |
| Madame Butterfly snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Madame Butterfly' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antirrhinum majus is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. This applies to all cultivars including 'Madame Butterfly'. Large amounts eaten may cause transient, mild GI upset. |
| Madame Galen Trumpet Vine | Campsis × tagliabuana 'Madame Galen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campsis radicans (the parent species) is listed by ASPCA as mildly toxic to cats and dogs, causing mild skin irritation and digestive upset. The hybrid 'Madame Galen' is assumed to carry the same properties. Sap can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Avoid skin contact with sap and prevent pets from chewing the plant. |
| Madonna Lily | Lilium candidum | flowering | Toxic | Lilium candidum is SEVERELY TOXIC to cats — all parts of true Lilium species (pollen, petals, leaves, stem, water from vases) can cause acute, life-threatening renal failure even from small exposures. ASPCA lists true lilies (Lilium spp.) as extremely dangerous to cats. Also listed as toxic to dogs and horses, though cats are uniquely vulnerable. This plant must not be grown in any household with cats. Mildly irritant to humans if sap contacts skin. |
| Magdalene Angraecum | Angraecum magdalenae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Angraecum magdalenae is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family is broadly recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principle is reported for this genus. Keep fertilisers and pesticides out of pets' reach. |
| Magenta Cherry | Syzygium paniculatum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Syzygium paniculatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, but ripe berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea, loose stools) in dogs if eaten in quantity. Seeds have been noted to cause transient digestive issues. Exercise caution and contact a vet if a pet ingests berries. |
| magic star stromanthe | Stromanthe sanguinea 'Magic Star' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stromanthe sanguinea (the parent species) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets. 'Magic Star' shares the same non-toxic profile. As with any plant, ingesting large amounts of foliage may cause minor gastrointestinal upset, but no toxic principles are established for this species or genus. |
| Magnificent Columnea | Columnea magnifica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea (Gesneriaceae, Goldfish Plant) is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs and Non-Toxic to Cats by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Magnificent Homalomena | Homalomena magnifia | houseplant | Toxic | As an Araceae family member, Homalomena magnifia contains calcium oxalate raphides. Ingestion causes oral irritation, excessive drooling, swelling, and vomiting in cats, dogs, and humans. H. magnifia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Araceae family toxic principle (calcium oxalate) applies, so it should be treated as toxic to pets and kept out of reach. |
| Magnificent Inula | Inula magnifica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Inula magnifica is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The Asteraceae family members in the Inula genus have no well-documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compound has been reported for this species; treat as low concern. |
| Magnificent Juno Iris | Iris magnifica | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the genus Iris as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles include irisin, iridin, and pentacyclic terpenoids concentrated in the bulb and fleshy roots. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, lethargy, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea. The brittle storage roots are particularly hazardous at planting time. Seek veterinary advice promptly if a pet ingests any part. |
| Elizabeth Magnolia | Magnolia 'Elizabeth' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Magnolia (family Magnoliaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principle. Eating foliage may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset in pets as with any non-food plant, but it is not poisonous. |
| Jane Magnolia | Magnolia 'Jane' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (the ASPCA lists Magnolia as a non-toxic genus). No toxic principle is associated with it; large quantities of any leaf material may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Susan magnolia | Magnolia 'Susan' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Magnolia; Magnolia bush, Magnolia stellata, is the listed entry in family Magnoliaceae). No toxic principle is identified. Like any plant, eating a lot of foliage might cause mild transient stomach upset, but there is no specific poisoning hazard. |
| Southern Magnolia | Magnolia grandiflora 'Gallissonnière' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Magnolia, family Magnoliaceae, with 'Toxic Principles: Non-toxic'). As with any plant, ingestion of foliage may still cause mild, transient stomach upset, but no poisonous principle is present. |
| Wilson's Magnolia | Magnolia wilsonii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA classifies Magnolia (family Magnoliaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no toxic principle reported. Ingested foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset as with any non-food plant, but it is not poisonous. |
| Magnolia-leaved sage | Salvia liriodaphne | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia liriodaphne is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. Essential oils typical of the genus may cause mild digestive upset if ingested in large amounts by cats or dogs; classified as mildly toxic pending verified ASPCA data. |
| Apollo Oregon Grape | Mahonia aquifolium 'Apollo' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium, family Berberidaceae) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list; despite the common name it is not a true grape and carries none of the kidney-toxicity risk of Vitis grapes. |
| Charity Mahonia | Mahonia x media 'Charity' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The Mahonia genus (Berberidaceae) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, which covers this M. x media hybrid; be aware the stiff, sharp leaf spines can still physically injure pets and people. |
| Pinnacle Oregon Grape | Mahonia aquifolium 'Pinnacle' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium, family Berberidaceae) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, covering this cultivar; despite the 'grape' in its name it is unrelated to toxic Vitis grapes and carries no kidney-toxicity risk. |
| Creeping Oregon Grape | Mahonia repens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Creeping mahonia (Mahonia repens, family Berberidaceae) appears by name on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list; the blue berries are non-toxic and indeed edible, though tart, and pose no kidney-toxicity risk despite the Oregon-grape name. |
| Soft Caress Mahonia | Mahonia eurybracteata 'Soft Caress' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Mahonia genus (Berberidaceae) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and 'Soft Caress' is a cultivar of Mahonia eurybracteata within that genus; its thornless leaves also remove the mechanical injury risk of spiny mahonias. |
| Winter Sun Mahonia | Mahonia x media 'Winter Sun' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The Mahonia genus (Berberidaceae) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, covering this M. x media hybrid; note, though, that the very sharp leaf spines can physically injure curious pets and people. |
| Maiden Grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus sinensis is not individually listed by ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The genus contains no known toxic principles and is widely regarded by horticulturists as safe around pets. As with any grass, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; sharp leaf edges can cause oral irritation. Verify with your vet if concerned. |
| delta maidenhair | Adiantum raddianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Adiantum species as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Safe for pet households. |
| Common maidenhair spleenwort | Asplenium trichomanes | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (e.g. Mother Fern and bird's nest fern in the same genus carry no toxic principle). Considered pet-safe; ingesting large amounts of any plant may still cause mild GI upset. |
| Maidenhair Tree | Ginkgo biloba | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ginkgo biloba is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fleshy seed coats of female trees contain ginkgotoxin and irritant compounds that can cause vomiting and, in quantity, neurological signs; the male-clone foliage typical of cultivated bonsai is lower-risk but unverified, so keep pets from chewing it. |
| Maikai Orchid | Brassocattleya 'Maikai' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassocattleya 'Maikai' is a hybrid within Orchidaceae. The ASPCA lists Cattleya orchids and Brassavola nodosa (a parent species) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Neither parent (Brassavola nodosa, Guarianthe bowringiana) has any documented toxic principle. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild GI upset but is not considered dangerous. |
| Maingay's Ginger | Etlingera maingayi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Etlingera maingayi is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While the flowers and young shoots are consumed as food in Malaysia, Brunei, and Thailand, edibility for humans does not guarantee safety for cats and dogs. No specific toxic principles have been identified, but a cautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Maire's fescue | Festuca mairei | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca mairei is not listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this species. As with any coarse grass, ingestion of large amounts of sharp foliage may cause mild mechanical irritation to the digestive tract. |
| Majeste lungwort | Pulmonaria 'Majeste' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet safety is unconfirmed; Pulmonaria contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and saponins (classes the ASPCA treats as toxic) and bristly leaf hairs can irritate skin. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| majestic palm | Ravenea rivularis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ravenea rivularis is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe around cats and dogs. |
| Malabar Quisqualis | Quisqualis malabarica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Related Quisqualis (now Combretum) species contain quisqualic acid, particularly concentrated in seeds — this compound is an excitotoxic AMPA receptor agonist. Seeds are documented as toxic if ingested in quantity. The plant is not listed by ASPCA, but given the documented toxicity of closely related species, treat as mildly toxic and keep seeds away from pets and children. |
| Malabar Tamarind | Garcinia gummi-gutta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia gummi-gutta is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The fruits and rind are used in traditional cuisine and as a food supplement (HCA extract), with a 2021 EFSA panel noting incomplete toxicological data for cats and dogs. As a precaution, keep pets away from fallen fruit; the genus has no documented severe toxicity but absence of listing means safety cannot be confirmed. |
| Malay apple | Syzygium malaccense | tropical | Mildly toxic | Syzygium malaccense is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is widely eaten by people, but keep pets from chewing the seeds, leaves and bark of this Syzygium, which can hold astringent or trace cyanogenic compounds. |
| Malaysian Orchid | Medinilla myriantha | tropical | Mildly toxic | Medinilla myriantha is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No documented toxic principle has been identified for the Medinilla genus or the wider Melastomataceae family; the related genus Bertolonia (Melastomataceae) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic. However, as no confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing exists for Medinilla species, we advise keeping the plant away from pets and children as a precaution until further assessment is available. |
| Common male fern | Dryopteris filix-mas | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris filix-mas is not on the ASPCA non-toxic list. Its rhizome contains filicic acid (filixic acid / filicin) and thiaminase; ingestion has caused poisoning in cattle (GI distress and transient blindness), and the rhizome was historically used as a deworming drug. Not individually evaluated by the ASPCA for cats and dogs; treat as toxic, prevent chewing, and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Maleberry | Lyonia ligustrina | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Lyonia ligustrina — leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, and sap — are highly toxic. Contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins and arbutin), which disrupt sodium channels in nerve and muscle cells. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and livestock; toxic to humans if ingested. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, ataxia, cardiac arrhythmias, and, in severe cases, coma or death. Ericaceae family — ASPCA lists related Lyonia species as toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Malepartus silver grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Malepartus' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus sinensis and its cultivars including 'Malepartus' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. |
| Mallow-leaved Pyrenacantha | Pyrenacantha malvifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pyrenacantha malvifolia (family Icacinaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA for dogs or cats, and no specific toxic compounds have been widely reported for this species in the veterinary or toxicological literature. However, as an uncommon exotic caudiciform with no established pet-safety record, and given that the related genus Pyrenacantha is poorly studied for animal toxicology, the conservative 'mildly-toxic' designation is warranted. Consult a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Maltese cross | Lychnis chalcedonica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lychnis chalcedonica is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. Within the Caryophyllaceae family there are no major toxic principles known for this genus. Like related species, it may contain low levels of saponins that could cause mild gastrointestinal upset if large amounts are ingested. |
| Profusion Crabapple | Malus 'Profusion' | flowering | Toxic | Malus crabapples are ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Cyanogenic glycosides in the leaves, stems and seeds release cyanide; signs include bright-red gums, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing and shock. Keep prunings, foliage and seed-bearing fruit away from pets, particularly grazing animals. |
| Royalty Crabapple | Malus 'Royalty' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Malus (apple and crabapple) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides concentrated in the leaves, stems and seeds; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting and shock. The ripe flesh is not the main hazard, but keep prunings, foliage and seeds from pets. |
| Japanese Crabapple | Malus floribunda | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Malus (apple and crabapple) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Cyanogenic glycosides in the leaves, stems and seeds release cyanide; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, panting and shock. Keep prunings, foliage and fruit seeds away from pets and grazing animals. |
| Pillar Apple | Malus tschonoskii | flowering | Toxic | As a Malus species, the pillar apple is covered by the ASPCA's toxic listing for apples and crabapples, hazardous to cats, dogs and horses. Cyanogenic glycosides in the leaves, stems and seeds release cyanide; signs include bright-red gums, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing and shock. Keep prunings, foliage and seeds away from pets. |
| Mamey Apple | Mammea americana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mammea americana is not listed individually by ASPCA. The seeds and bark contain mammein and other coumarins (furanochromones) that are insecticidal and have demonstrated toxicity in animal models — historically used as fish poison and insecticide in the Caribbean. The fruit flesh is consumed safely by humans, but the seeds and bark are considered toxic and must be kept away from pets and children. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution given these documented bioactive compounds. |
| Mamey sapote | Pouteria sapota | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria sapota is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for pets is uncertain. The large seed and unripe fruit contain bitter compounds and latex, and the seed kernel has historically been used as a rodenticide ingredient, so it should be considered hazardous. Keep seeds and unripe fruit away from pets and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Silken Pincushion | Mammillaria bombycina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Mammillaria genus is treated as non-toxic by the ASPCA, which lists Mammillaria fragilis (Thimble Cactus) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The chief hazard is mechanical: the fine spines, including hooked centrals, can injure paws, mouths, and skin, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Crimson Pincushion | Mammillaria mystax | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Mammillaria genus is treated as non-toxic by the ASPCA, which lists Mammillaria fragilis (Thimble Cactus) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The real risk is physical: stiff, sharp spines can puncture paws and mouths, so site the plant where pets cannot brush against it. |
| Mammy croton | Codiaeum variegatum 'Mammy' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) is listed as toxic by the ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline; the milky sap contains diterpene esters that irritate the mouth and digestive tract. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and oral or skin irritation. The sap may also irritate human skin. |
| Mamoncillo | Melicoccus bijugatus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Melicoccus bijugatus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note that the large hard seeds are a serious choking and obstruction hazard and the unripe fruit is astringent, so keep whole fruit, seeds and foliage away from pets even though ripe pulp is eaten by people. |
| Manchurian walnut | Juglans mandshurica | edible | Toxic | Juglans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Manchurian walnut shares the genus's hazards: moldy nuts and husks can carry tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A) causing tremors and seizures in dogs, and the fatty kernels risk GI upset or pancreatitis. Juglone in hulls and roots is toxic to horses. Keep fallen nuts and husks away from pets and livestock; consult a vet on any ingestion. |
| Mandacaru Cactus | Cereus jamacaru | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cereus jamacaru is not individually listed by ASPCA. Cereus as a genus is not documented to contain systemic toxic compounds. The primary hazard is physical injury from the large, stout spines which can cause puncture wounds. Ingestion of plant tissue may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. Keep away from children and animals. |
| Crisped blue star fern | Phlebodium aureum 'Mandaianum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phlebodium is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but it is a true epiphytic fern of a genus with no recorded toxic principle, and the true ferns the ASPCA does list are classed non-toxic. Regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; chewing may still cause mild stomach upset. If uncertain, verify with a vet. |
| Mandarin orange | Citrus reticulata | edible | Mildly toxic | Citrus reticulata (mandarin orange) contains the same toxic principles as other citrus species — essential oils and psoralens — concentrated in the peel, leaves, and stems. While the ASPCA's individual entry is for 'Orange' (Citrus sinensis), the genus-level rule applies: all Citrus are listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, potential dermatitis). Keep foliage and rind away from pets. |
| Pink Mandevilla | Mandevilla x amabilis 'Alice du Pont' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Sun Parasol Crimson mandevilla | Mandevilla 'Sun Parasol Crimson' | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Mangel-wurzel | Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 'Mangel' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beta vulgaris (beet, including mangel-wurzel) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Roots and leaves are safe for pets and livestock. Note that very large quantities of raw mangel-wurzel fed to ruminants can cause digestive issues, but this is not a concern for companion animals in normal circumstances. |
| Snow pea | Pisum sativum var. saccharatum | edible | Mildly toxic | Pisum sativum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The edible pods and peas are a common human food, but like other legumes raw mature seeds contain lectins and are best cooked; do not assume safety for pets. Note that ornamental sweet pea (Lathyrus) is a different, toxic plant and should never be confused with edible peas. |
| Mangosteen | Garcinia mangostana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia mangostana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet and err on caution. The ripe aril flesh contains no known toxic principle, but the bitter rind, latex and seeds can cause gastrointestinal upset, and any plant material may trigger vomiting in cats and dogs, so keep these parts away from pets. |
| Mangrove Date Palm | Phoenix paludosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Phoenix paludosa is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus's primary hazard is the stiff, needle-sharp spines (modified basal leaflets) that can injure pets and people. No documented toxic principle is known for the genus. The physical hazard from spines is the main concern in a household or garden setting. |
| Manhattan Euonymus | Euonymus kiautschovicus 'Manhattan' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Euonymus (Spindle Tree) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles are alkaloids and cardenolides; clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and weakness, with heart-rhythm abnormalities after large ingestions. The pink-red fruit capsules are a particular hazard — keep pets away. |
| Manica Cycad | Encephalartos manikensis | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species are severely toxic. Seeds, leaves, and roots contain cycasin (azoxymethanol glycosides) causing acute liver failure, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and potentially fatal poisoning in dogs, cats, horses, and humans. ASPCA classifies all cycads as severely toxic to pets. Any ingestion requires immediate emergency veterinary treatment. |
| Manjula pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Manjula' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum), of which Manjula is a cultivar, as toxic to both dogs and cats. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in the leaves and stems. Chewing releases these crystals, causing oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Manna Ash | Fraxinus ornus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fraxinus ornus is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses. The manna (dried sap exudate) historically used as a mild laxative for humans has no documented toxicity to companion animals at incidental contact levels. |
| Many Fingers | Sedum pachyphyllum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum pachyphyllum is in the genus Sedum, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are documented for this species. |
| Tree-Fern Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum maxillare | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zygopetalum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classes Phalaenopsis and Jewel orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and cultivated orchids of this type follow that non-toxic pattern. Considered pet-safe; the realistic hazard is pesticide or fertiliser residue rather than the plant, so rinse foliage, and chewing may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Many-Flowered Air Plant | Tillandsia floribunda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles are present in this species. |
| many-flowered cape primrose | Streptocarpus polyanthus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus spp. are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. S. polyanthus falls within this genus-level clearance; no toxic principles are reported for this species. |
| Many-Flowered Catopsis | Catopsis floribunda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catopsis floribunda belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are documented for the Catopsis genus or this species specifically. |
| Many-flowered cornflag | Chasmanthe floribunda | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chasmanthe floribunda is not specifically listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The corms contain bioactive compounds including terpenoids and flavonoids, and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. As an unverified genus, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Many-Flowered Epidendrum | Epidendrum polyanthum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Epidendrum is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principle is documented for the genus. The ASPCA lists multiple orchid genera as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As a precaution, discourage pets from chewing the canes, as ingestion of any non-food material can cause mild gastric upset. |
| Many-flowered Fockea | Fockea multiflora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Fockea multiflora belongs to the Apocynaceae family (subfamily Asclepiadoideae). Many Apocynaceae contain latex and cardenolide or pregnane glycosides that are potentially toxic to pets and humans if ingested. Fockea is not individually listed by ASPCA, but given its family affiliation, treat it with caution and keep away from pets and children. |
| Many-flowered Heath | Erica multiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erica multiflora is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic or confirmed non-toxic. As the ASPCA database does not explicitly confirm it non-toxic, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if pets ingest the plant. |
| Many-flowered Masdevallia | Masdevallia floribunda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds are documented for Masdevallia floribunda. The genus and broader Orchidaceae family have no known toxic principles. |
| Many-Flowered Racinaea | Racinaea multiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads (family Bromeliaceae), including Racinaea species, are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Many-Flowered Ruschia | Ruschia multiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ruschia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Aizoaceae, a family with no well-documented systemic toxic principles in the literature; however, as it is not confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA, a cautious 'mildly-toxic' classification is applied. Keep out of reach of pets and children as a precaution. |
| Many-flowered rush | Juncus polyanthemos | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus polyanthemos is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs; Juncus rushes are generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Many-flowered Schismatoglottis | Schismatoglottis multiflora | houseplant | Toxic | Schismatoglottis multiflora is an Araceae family member containing calcium oxalate raphide crystals. Ingestion causes immediate oral irritation, excessive salivation, swelling, and vomiting in cats, dogs, and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but Araceae calcium oxalate toxicity applies to the genus; treat as toxic to pets and children. |
| Many-Flowered Temple Bells | Smithiantha multiflora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Smithiantha multiflora is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Gesneriaceae relatives such as Nematanthus and Episcia are confirmed ASPCA non-toxic, but no individual species data exists for Smithiantha. Treat as potentially irritating and keep out of reach of pets and children as a precaution. |
| Many-haired Draba | Draba polytricha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Draba polytricha (Brassicaceae) has no toxic compounds reported in veterinary or toxicological literature. The genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The stellate leaf hairs may cause mild mechanical irritation if ingested in quantity, but no clinically significant toxic principle is known. |
| Many-Leaved Monanthes | Monanthes polyphylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Monanthes is a member of Crassulaceae native to Macaronesia. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Unlike toxic Crassulaceae genera (Crassula, Kalanchoe), no toxic compounds have been identified for Monanthes. Considered low-risk, though as with any plant, ingestion in large quantity by a pet may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Many-pinnate Cycad | Cycas multipinnata | tropical | Toxic | Like all Cycas species, Cycas multipinnata contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glycoside), which causes severe gastrointestinal distress, hepatotoxicity, and neurological damage in dogs and cats. The ASPCA lists the Cycas genus as toxic to both species; all plant parts — especially seeds — are dangerous and ingestion requires immediate veterinary attention. |
| Many-spiked Sage | Salvia polystachya | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia polystachya is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. The Salvia genus is not in ASPCA's known toxic groups, but this species contains essential oils and terpenoids typical of the mint family (Lamiaceae) that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) if ingested by cats or dogs in quantity. |
| Many-Stemmed Air Plant | Tillandsia multicaulis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion of leaves is not expected to cause harm beyond possible mild stomach upset from the physical plant material. |
| Many-stemmed Liveforever | Dudleya multicaulis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and the genus has no documented harmful compounds. Dudleya multicaulis is not individually assessed but the genus is consistently cited as non-toxic in pet-safe succulent resources. Ingestion of plant material may cause minor stomach upset in sensitive animals. |
| Manzanilla olive | Olea europaea 'Manzanilla' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Olea europaea (olive tree) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Olive fruit and leaves are safe for pets. Olive oil is occasionally used as a mild laxative for cats in small amounts. The tree poses no known toxicity risk. |
| Maple-Leaved Waterleaf | Hydrophyllum canadense | herb | Mildly toxic | Hydrophyllum canadense is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No known toxic principle is documented in horticultural or toxicological references. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution given the absence of confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Mapu Fan Palm | Licuala mattanensis 'Mapu' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Licuala mattanensis 'Mapu' is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Arecaceae palm family is generally recognised as non-toxic, and closely related palms such as Chamaedorea elegans are explicitly ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. No toxic compound has been identified in Licuala. As always with any plant, monitor pets for unusual behaviour after contact and consult a vet if concerned. |
| Mara des Bois strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Mara des Bois' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Strawberry, Fragaria spp.). Leaves, fruit, and runners are safe, though large amounts of fibrous foliage can cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset; keep slug pellets and pesticides away from pets. |
| Mara des Bois Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Mara des Bois' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA explicitly lists Fragaria ananassa (strawberry) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves and stems may cause mild GI upset if consumed in large quantities, but the plant is not considered toxic. |
| Marang | Artocarpus odoratissimus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Artocarpus odoratissimus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other Artocarpus, all parts exude a sticky milky latex that can irritate mouth and gut, so keep pets from chewing leaves, stems or unripe fruit even though ripe pulp is edible to people. |
| Fascinator prayer plant | Maranta leuconeura 'Fascinator' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Maranta has a dedicated ASPCA entry under the Marantaceae (prayer plant) family with no toxic principle; ingestion of large amounts may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset in pets. |
| Beauty Kim prayer plant | Maranta leuconeura 'Kim' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Maranta leuconeura cultivar it falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic prayer plant / Maranta listing; no toxic principle, though large amounts may cause mild, temporary GI upset. |
| Lemon Lime Prayer Plant | Maranta leuconeura 'Lemon Lime' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Maranta as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Marisela prayer plant | Maranta leuconeura 'Marisela' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Maranta is covered by the ASPCA's prayer plant / Maranta non-toxic listing with no toxic principle; excessive nibbling may cause only mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Black prayer plant | Maranta leuconeura var. massangeana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This botanical variety of Maranta leuconeura is covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic Maranta / prayer plant listing; no toxic principle, with only possible mild, transient GI upset from heavy nibbling. |
| Silver Band prayer plant | Maranta leuconeura 'Silver Band' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Maranta is included in the ASPCA's non-toxic prayer plant / Maranta listing with no toxic principle; only mild, temporary stomach upset is possible if pets eat a lot of foliage. |
| arrowroot | Maranta arundinacea | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (also listed as Queensland arrowroot/Maranta). The genus Maranta is classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, with no calcium oxalates or toxic principles, and the cooked rhizome starch is a gentle, easily digested food. Large amounts of raw plant material may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| two-colour prayer plant | Maranta bicolor | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Maranta is classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, with no calcium oxalates or toxic compounds. As with any houseplant, a pet that eats a large amount of foliage may have mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Maranta cristata | Maranta cristata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Maranta prayer plants as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is present; ingesting a large amount of fibrous leaf may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Mint prayer plant | Maranta leuconeura 'Mint' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Prayer plants in the genus Maranta (including Maranta leuconeura) are recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic, so this 'Mint' cultivar is safe around pets that may nibble the foliage. |
| Green Beauty prayer plant | Maranta leuconeura 'Green Beauty' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Maranta (prayer plants) are confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA, so 'Green Beauty' is safe around pets; nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset from the plant fibre itself. |
| Maranta-Leaved Globba | Globba marantina | tropical | Mildly toxic | Globba marantina is not listed individually by the ASPCA. Published traditional-use literature notes no known toxicity, and the species has edible bulbils used as flavouring and appetite stimulants in several Asian cultures. However, without an explicit ASPCA non-toxic confirmation, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part. |
| Marble Bromeliad | Neoregelia marmorata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia marmorata is a bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae. Bromeliads and the Neoregelia genus are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in this species. |
| Marble Earth Star | Cryptanthus beuckeri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cryptanthus belongs to Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cryptanthus beuckeri is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family has no known toxic principle and the genus is broadly considered non-toxic under ASPCA bromeliad guidance. |
| Marble Houseleek | Sempervivum marmoreum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum is classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum marmoreum contains no identified toxic compounds and is considered pet-safe. |
| variegated pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Marble Queen' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Epipremnum aureum as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Symptoms include oral irritation and drooling. |
| Marbled Earth Star | Cryptanthus beuckeri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Cryptanthus genus (Earth Star) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting is possible if pets consume significant quantities of foliage. |
| Marbled Living Stones | Lithops marmorata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops marmorata and the Lithops genus broadly are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic substances have been identified in this species. |
| Marcgrave's Nidularium | Nidularium maregravii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nidularium maregravii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. Spiny leaf margins can cause physical irritation if chewed. |
| Marcgravia | Marcgravia rectiflora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Marcgravia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet-safety status is unconfirmed. Treat it with caution, keep it away from pets that chew foliage, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Some hobbyist sources flag it as potentially irritating if ingested. |
| Sintenisii Marcgravia | Marcgravia sintenisii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Marcgravia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its safety for cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Err on the side of caution: keep it out of reach of pets that nibble plants and confirm with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Margaret's corkscrew plant | Genlisea margaretae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genlisea margaretae (Lentibulariaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family has no documented toxic principle for cats, dogs, or horses. The plant is extremely small and its corkscrew trapping mechanism is designed solely for soil microorganisms. |
| Marginal Wood Fern | Dryopteris marginalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Dryopteris and the wider Dryopteridaceae family of true ferns appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list with no toxic principle identified (the Autumn Fern, Dryopteris erythrosora, is explicitly listed). Eating large quantities of any plant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Margined Saxifrage | Saxifraga marginata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga marginata has no recognised toxic principles. The Saxifraga genus is not flagged by the ASPCA as toxic; no harmful compounds have been identified in the veterinary or toxicological literature. Considered safe around pets and children. |
| Marie's Davallia | Davallia mariesii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Davallia mariesii belongs to the family Davalliaceae. Davallia ferns are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in this genus, and the creeping rhizomes, though tempting to pets, are considered non-toxic. |
| French marigold (T. patula) | Tagetes | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Tagetes as mildly toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to essential oils. Skin contact can also cause dermatitis in sensitive animals and people. |
| marionberry | Rubus × marionberry | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rubus (blackberries) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA lists Creeping Rubus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses). The fruit and foliage are not poisonous; the only cautions are thorn scratches and mild stomach upset from eating large amounts of fibrous leaf material. |
| Maritime Zamia | Zamia maritima | tropical | Toxic | Like all Zamia species, Zamia maritima contains cycasin and related azoxy glycosides throughout all parts, with seeds being the most concentrated source. Ingestion causes acute liver failure and neurological damage in dogs and cats, and is hazardous to humans. The ASPCA classifies the Zamia genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats. Seeds must never be accessible to children or pets. |
| Marjorie's Seedling plum | Prunus domestica 'Marjorie's Seedling' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Prunus (plum) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Stems, leaves, and the stone/kernel contain cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion of wilted leaves or chewed pits can cause brick-red gums, dilated pupils, panting, shock, and respiratory failure. The ripe flesh is not the hazard — the pits and foliage are. |
| Marketmore cucumber | Cucumis sativus 'Marketmore' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Cucumis sativus, cucumber). Carries no toxic principle; eating fruit or leaves may at most cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Marmalade coral bells | Heuchera 'Marmalade' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Heuchera/coral bells, also listed as alumroot). Eating a large amount may still cause mild, short-lived digestive upset. |
| Marram grass | Ammophila arenaria | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ammophila arenaria is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known; however, the stiff, sharp-edged leaf blades can cause physical abrasions to skin and mouth tissue. |
| Marseille Germander | Teucrium massiliense | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like other Teucrium species, T. massiliense contains neoclerodane diterpenes with documented hepatotoxic potential in the genus. It is not listed in the ASPCA non-toxic plant database; ingestion by pets or humans should be avoided. |
| Marsh Afrikaner | Gladiolus tristis | flowering | Toxic | Gladiolus tristis belongs to the genus Gladiolus, listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. All parts contain irritant compounds, with the corm being most concentrated. Ingestion may cause vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and gastrointestinal distress. |
| Marsh Fern | Thelypteris palustris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thelypteris palustris is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle, and such ferns are generally regarded as ASPCA non-toxic; because this species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Marsh Valerian | Valeriana dioica | herb | Mildly toxic | Valeriana dioica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with other Valeriana species, the rhizomes contain valerenic acid and isovaleric acid compounds. Small ingestion is unlikely to cause serious harm in cats or dogs, but the strong odour attracts cats, and larger amounts may cause mild GI upset or sedation. Exercise caution and consult a vet if ingestion is significant. |
| Marsh Woundwort | Stachys palustris | herb | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA; formal pet-toxicity data for Stachys palustris is lacking. The plant is used as a food source by humans (tubers are edible) and is not reported as acutely toxic to livestock, but cannot be confirmed as pet-safe without ASPCA verification. Classify as mildly toxic pending confirmation; veterinary advice should be sought if ingested by pets. |
| marshmallow | Althaea officinalis | herb | Mildly toxic | Marshmallow is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a verified pet-safe status cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is a traditional mucilaginous herb with no notable toxic principle, but large ingestion of any plant can cause vomiting or gastrointestinal upset, and the mucilage may slow absorption of oral medications. |
| Four-Leaf Water Clover | Marsilea quadrifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Marsilea quadrifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Marsilea species are noted to contain thiaminase (a vitamin B1-destroying enzyme), which has caused poisoning in livestock that graze them heavily, so this plant should not be assumed pet-safe and grazing should be prevented. |
| Martagon Lily | Lilium martagon | flowering | Toxic | All true Lilium species are severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed genus Lilium). Ingestion of any part — leaves, petals, pollen, or stem — causes acute renal failure in cats, which is rapidly fatal without treatment. Also harmful to dogs in quantity. Keep cats away from the plant and any water containing cut stems. |
| Martinezii Lily | Lapiedra martinezii | flowering | Toxic | Lapiedra martinezii is a member of Amaryllidaceae and contains phenanthridine alkaloids (including lycorine and related compounds) typical of this family. The ASPCA lists closely related Amaryllidaceae genera — including Narcissus, Galanthus, Clivia, and Amaryllis — as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses due to lycorine. All parts of Lapiedra martinezii should be treated as toxic; ingestion may cause vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, and potentially cardiac effects. Keep pets away from the bulbs, foliage, and flowers. Consult a vet or the ASPCA Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) if a pet ingests any part. |
| Martius Fan Palm | Trachycarpus martianus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trachycarpus species are true palms (Arecaceae) with no reported toxic principles to pets. Trachycarpus fortunei follows the ASPCA non-toxic pattern for palms, and T. martianus shares the same genus characteristics. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are documented. |
| Martius's Brassavola | Brassavola martiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassavola is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principle is documented for the genus. The Orchidaceae family is broadly considered non-toxic to pets, and the ASPCA lists many orchid genera as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As a precaution, prevent pets from chewing the plant. |
| Martius's Stanhopea | Stanhopea martiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stanhopea is not individually listed by ASPCA. Orchids in the Orchidaceae family broadly have no reported toxic principles, and the genus shares no known toxic compounds. However, as it is not confirmed on the ASPCA non-toxic list, keep curious pets from chewing the flowers as a precaution. |
| Mary Washington asparagus | Asparagus officinalis 'Mary Washington' | edible | Mildly toxic | The edible spears of garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic and are eaten by people. However, do not confuse this with the ASPCA-toxic ornamental asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus). The mature red berries and ferny foliage of garden asparagus can cause vomiting or stomach upset if pets eat them, so treat the fern stage with caution and verify with a vet if a pet shows symptoms. |
| Masaguno Sasa | Sasaella masagunoi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sasaella belongs to the grass family Poaceae. Bamboo grasses are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. |
| Angel Frost Masdevallia | Masdevallia 'Angel Frost' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Masdevallia (under the common name 'Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle recorded. Eating plant material can still cause mild, brief stomach upset, so keep pets from chewing it. |
| Scarlet Masdevallia | Masdevallia coccinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Masdevallia (under the common name 'Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle recorded. Ingestion of any plant material can still cause mild transient gastrointestinal upset, so keep curious pets from chewing the foliage. |
| White Masdevallia | Masdevallia tovarensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Masdevallia (under the common name 'Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle recorded. Chewing any plant can still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset, so it is sensible to keep pets from grazing the leaves. |
| Veitch's Masdevallia | Masdevallia veitchiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Masdevallia (under the common name 'Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle recorded.' No toxic principle is recorded. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild, temporary stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Wagener's Masdevallia | Masdevallia wageneriana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Masdevallia (under the common name 'Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle recorded. Ingesting plant material may still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from chewing. |
| Mashua | Tropaeolum tuberosum | edible | Mildly toxic | Mashua tubers contain glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (similar to mustard and horseradish), which are mildly irritating and in large quantities can suppress thyroid function. Cooked tubers lose much of their pungency and are traditionally consumed as food in the Andes. Not individually assessed by ASPCA for pets; owing to glucosinolate content, keep raw tubers away from pets and children. |
| Masked Twinspur | Diascia personata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Diascia personata is not recorded in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no specific toxic compound has been identified in the genus; the mildly-toxic classification reflects the absence of a formal non-toxic assessment rather than confirmed harm. |
| Masters' Larch | Larix mastersiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix mastersiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Larix genus has no reported toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. Considered non-toxic based on genus-level evidence; no known cases of poisoning reported. |
| Matasano | Casimiroa pringlei | tropical | Toxic | Casimiroa pringlei is a member of Rutaceae in the same genus as C. edulis, whose seeds and foliage are documented to contain sedative alkaloids toxic to animals. The seeds of C. pringlei are considered toxic if consumed raw. Not individually listed by ASPCA; as a precaution treat all plant parts except ripe flesh as potentially harmful to pets and children. |
| Mathilde's rock jasmine | Androsace mathildae | flowering | Mildly toxic | Androsace is not currently listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; in the absence of confirmed safety data, this species is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. If a pet ingests any part, monitor for GI upset and consult a veterinarian. |
| Matsumoto Mix aster | Callistephus chinensis 'Matsumoto Mix' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Callistephus chinensis 'Matsumoto Mix' shares the same non-toxic profile as the species. The ASPCA does not list annual asters (Callistephus chinensis) as toxic to dogs or cats. As with other Asteraceae, handling may occasionally cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals, but ingestion of small amounts is not expected to cause systemic toxicity. |
| Matted globularia | Globularia cordifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Globularia cordifolia is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed reports of serious toxicity exist, but data is insufficient to classify it as pet-safe. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Matted sea lavender | Limonium bellidifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (Limonium sp.) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large amounts are consumed. |
| Giant Imperial Stock | Matthiola incana 'Giant Imperial Mix' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Stock (Matthiola incana) as non-toxic and pet-safe for cats and dogs, including in cut bouquets. Large quantities may cause mild stomach upset like any non-food plant, but it is not associated with poisoning. |
| Katz Sakura Stock | Matthiola incana 'Katz Sakura' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Stock (Matthiola incana) among plants considered non-toxic and pet-safe for floral arrangements with cats and dogs. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, so casual nibbling is not a poisoning concern. |
| Maudiae Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum 'Maudiae' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Paphiopedilum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and has no reported toxic principles. Most Orchidaceae evaluated by ASPCA are classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion of plant material should still be discouraged as a precaution. |
| Mottled-Leaf Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum Maudiae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis orchid is the named non-toxic entry, and no orchid appears on its toxic list). Paphiopedilum is not individually listed, but as a true orchid it contains no calcium oxalates or recognised toxic principle. Non-toxic does not mean edible, so ingestion may still cause mild digestive upset. |
| Vinicolor Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum Maudiae 'Black Jack' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Paphiopedilum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Phalaenopsis is ASPCA non-toxic, but slipper orchids (subfamily Cypripedioideae) carry documented sap contact allergens (quinones; cypripedin in related Cypripedium) that can irritate skin. Treat as mildly toxic, keep from chewing pets, handle with care, and verify any ingestion with a vet. |
| Maughan's Cone Plant | Conophytum maughanii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum maughanii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Conophytum (family Aizoaceae) has no documented toxic compounds for dogs or cats. Lithops, the closest widely-kept relative, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. No toxic principles are known for this species. |
| Mauna Loa Peace Lily | Spathiphyllum 'Mauna Loa' | houseplant | Toxic | Contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout all plant parts. Ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in cats, dogs, and humans. ASPCA lists Spathiphyllum as toxic to cats and dogs. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Mauritius lychee | Litchi chinensis 'Mauritius' | tropical | Mildly toxic | As a Litchi chinensis cultivar, 'Mauritius' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet. The seed and unripe arils contain saponins and hypoglycin-type compounds (MCPG) associated with severe low blood sugar; keep seeds away from pets. Ripe flesh is commonly eaten, but never offer the pit. |
| Mauritius Lychee | Litchi chinensis 'Mauritius' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Litchi chinensis 'Mauritius' shares the same toxicity profile as the species. The seeds contain methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPG), which has documented hypoglycaemic effects and poses a risk if ingested by pets, especially in significant quantity. The fruit flesh is not considered toxic to humans or pets in normal consumption quantities. Dispose of seeds away from pets and children. |
| Maury's Air Plant | Tillandsia mauryana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The dense white trichomes pose no chemical hazard, though leaf fragments could theoretically cause mild digestive irritation if ingested in quantity. |
| Painted Maxillaria | Maxillaria picta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Maxillaria picta is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and Maxillaria is not among the orchid genera the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Schunke's Maxillaria | Maxillaria schunkeana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Maxillaria schunkeana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and Maxillaria is not among the orchid genera the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; chewing may cause mild GI upset. |
| Coconut Orchid | Maxillaria tenuifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus sits within the Orchidaceae, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs (as with the listed Spice and Phalaenopsis orchids); treat as pet-safe. Ingesting foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Variable Maxillaria | Maxillaria variabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of the Orchidaceae it falls within a family the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs (matching listed orchids such as Spice and Phalaenopsis); treat as pet-safe. Chewing leaves may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| great pitcher plant | Nepenthes maxima | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Nepenthes tropical pitcher plants are not classified as toxic and are generally regarded as safe for cats and dogs; at most a chewed leaf or pitcher may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep out of reach mainly to protect the pitchers and avoid spilled pitcher fluid. |
| Maximilian Sunflower | Helianthus maximiliani | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus species are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Helianthus maximiliani. The seeds are edible by wildlife and humans. Safe to grow in gardens with pets. |
| May Night salvia | Salvia nemorosa 'Mainacht' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage, Lamiaceae) is treated as non-toxic by the ASPCA, which lists garden sage (Salvia officinalis), scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea) and Texas sage as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Mayapple | Podophyllum peltatum | flowering | Toxic | Podophyllum peltatum is highly toxic to pets and humans. All parts of the plant — roots, leaves, stems, seeds, and unripe fruit — contain podophyllotoxin, a cytotoxic resin that causes severe gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, diarrhoea, and can affect the nervous system. Only fully ripe yellow fruit flesh is reportedly edible in small amounts for humans, but seeds inside remain toxic. ASPCA lists this plant as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Keep entirely out of reach of pets and children. |
| mayhaw | Crataegus aestivalis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Crataegus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Maze-leaf begonia | Begonia daedalea | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates concentrated in the rhizome. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting. |
| Del Monte Gold pineapple | Ananas comosus 'MD-2' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA lists pineapple among fruits safe to share with pets and the plant has no poisonous compounds. The stiff leaf tips can physically injure pets and the bromelain enzyme in unripe fruit and sap may irritate the mouth, so supervise inquisitive animals. |
| meadow blazing star | Liatris ligulistylis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Liatris as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Meadow Buttercup | Ranunculus acris | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Buttercup (Ranunculus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is protoanemonin, formed from the glycoside ranunculin when the plant is crushed or chewed. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, oral ulceration, depression, anorexia, and wobbly gait. The bitter irritant taste usually limits ingestion, but poisoning can still occur in grazing animals. |
| Meadow Clary | Salvia pratensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Salvia officinalis (common sage) and Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) as non-toxic; Salvia pratensis is not individually listed. No known toxic principles have been documented (PFAF records 'none known'), but the species contains essential oils typical of the mint family and a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. Consumption of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| meadow fountain grass | Pennisetum incomptum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pennisetum genus grasses are non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance (P. setaceum is on the ASPCA non-toxic list). P. incomptum belongs to the same genus with no reported toxic principles. Consumption of large amounts of grass blades may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| meadow oat grass | Helictochloa pratensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helictochloa pratensis is a member of Poaceae (the true grass family), which is non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidelines. No toxic compounds are associated with this species. |
| Meadow Phlox | Phlox maculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox maculata is not specifically cited by ASPCA in its toxicity database, but Phlox species as a group may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by dogs or cats. Not considered severely toxic; contact with the sap may cause mild skin irritation. Discourage grazing by pets as a precaution. |
| Meadow Saxifrage | Saxifraga granulata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga species have no known toxic principles for pets. Saxifraga granulata contains no reported toxic compounds for cats, dogs, or horses. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but follows the genus-level non-toxic pattern confirmed for other Saxifraga species such as S. stolonifera. |
| Meadow Vetchling | Lathyrus pratensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Seeds and green plant parts contain toxic amino acids (lathyrogens) characteristic of the Lathyrus genus, which can cause lathyrism — neurological and musculoskeletal damage — particularly in horses consuming large quantities. ASPCA lists Lathyrus latifolius as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with toxicity only recorded for horses. Small accidental ingestion by pets is unlikely to cause serious harm, but seed ingestion in quantity should be avoided; classified as mildly-toxic out of caution for the genus. |
| meadowsweet | Filipendula ulmaria | herb | Mildly toxic | Meadowsweet is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It contains salicylates (salicin, methyl salicylate) chemically related to aspirin, which cats in particular metabolise poorly. Ingestion may cause vomiting, lethargy or gastrointestinal upset, and it should be avoided in pets with bleeding disorders or on NSAIDs. |
| Mealy-cup sage | Salvia farinacea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (scarlet sage, S. splendens) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and S. farinacea belongs to the same non-toxic genus. Ingestion of large amounts may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Mealycup sage | Salvia farinacea 'Victoria Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. This cultivar is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists several salvias — Salvia officinalis (sage) and Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) — as non-toxic, and none as toxic. Eating large amounts may still cause mild stomach upset; if in doubt, check with a vet. |
| Medinilla | Medinilla scortechinii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Medinilla scortechinii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The family Melastomataceae has no well-documented toxic principle, and the related genus Bertolonia (same family) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. However, as Medinilla has no confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing either, we advise caution and recommend keeping the plant out of reach of pets and children until individual listings are confirmed. |
| Mediterranean Everlasting | Helichrysum stoechas | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum stoechas is not formally listed by the ASPCA on its Toxic or Non-Toxic database. The essential oil from related species contains camphor and 1,8-cineole, which are potentially irritating if ingested in quantity. Classified here as mildly-toxic on precautionary grounds; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Mediterranean feather grass | Stipa offneri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stipa offneri is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Stipa genus has no reported toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses according to major poison control references. The physical hazard from sharp, penetrating awns at seed-set is the real concern for pets — mechanical injury, not chemical toxicity. |
| Mediterranean Sage | Salvia aethiopis | herb | Mildly toxic | Salvia aethiopis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. ASPCA classifies common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As specific ASPCA confirmation is absent for this species and no toxic principles are documented, a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is used. Avoid planting where grazing animals have unrestricted access. |
| Mediterranean Sea Holly | Eryngium bourgatii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eryngium is not included in the ASPCA list of plants toxic to cats or dogs; the genus is considered non-toxic, though spiny foliage may cause physical irritation. |
| medlar | Mespilus germanica | edible | Mildly toxic | Medlar (Mespilus germanica) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally classified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a member of the Rosaceae, its seeds contain cyanogenic compounds (amygdalin) typical of the family, so seeds and large quantities of plant material are best kept from pets. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Nottingham medlar | Mespilus germanica 'Nottingham' | edible | Mildly toxic | Mespilus germanica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The bletted flesh is generally regarded as non-toxic, but as a member of the rose family the seeds contain cyanogenic compounds, so seeds and pips should not be eaten by pets. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Royal medlar | Mespilus germanica 'Royal' | edible | Mildly toxic | Mespilus germanica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The bletted flesh is generally regarded as non-toxic, but as a rose-family fruit the seeds contain cyanogenic compounds and should not be eaten by pets. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Medusa's Head Orchid | Bulbophyllum medusae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Bulbophyllum is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Meebold's Lagenandra | Lagenandra meeboldii | houseplant | Toxic | As an Araceae member, Lagenandra meeboldii contains calcium oxalate crystals throughout its tissues. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, swelling, and vomiting in cats, dogs, and people. Handle with care when pruning or dividing; wash hands thoroughly after contact. |
| Meech's Prolific quince | Cydonia oblonga 'Meech's Prolific' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cydonia oblonga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Fruit flesh is safe and edible. Seeds contain amygdalin, as with all pome fruits in the Rosaceae family; do not intentionally feed seeds to pets, though incidental ingestion of a few is not a clinical hazard. |
| Brazilian red cloak | Megaskepasma erythrochlamys | tropical | Mildly toxic | Megaskepasma erythrochlamys is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic plant lists. With no authoritative ASPCA non-toxic confirmation, treat it as uncertain and potentially mildly toxic; keep it away from pets and consult a vet if any is eaten. |
| Meiwa kumquat | Citrus japonica 'Meiwa' | edible | Toxic | Kumquat is a Citrus species and falls under the ASPCA's listing of citrus as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens, concentrated in the peel, leaves and stems. Ingestion of plant material can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and dermatitis. Keep foliage and peel away from pets despite the fruit being edible for people. |
| Melancholy Thistle | Cirsium heterophyllum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cirsium heterophyllum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No significant chemical toxins specific to this species are documented. The leaf margins have weak prickles that are much less sharp than most thistles but could still cause minor skin irritation on contact. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precaution given the absence of confirmed ASPCA non-toxic status; consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Bahia Turk's Cap | Melocactus bahiensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. The true cacti the ASPCA lists are classed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Melocactus bahiensis is very unlikely to be chemically toxic. The genuine danger is mechanical — stiff spines and the bristly cephalium can injure mouths and paws, and swallowed fibre may cause vomiting. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if your pet ingests any part. |
| Peruvian Melocactus | Melocactus peruvianus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. The true cacti the ASPCA does list are classed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Melocactus peruvianus is very unlikely to be chemically poisonous. The genuine hazard is physical — sharp curved spines and the bristly cephalium can injure pets, and ingested fibre may cause vomiting. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if your pet chews it. |
| Membrane-flowered Stelis | Stelis hymenantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae is classified as non-toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for Stelis hymenantha. Considered safe for cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Bogbean | Menyanthes trifoliata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Menyanthes trifoliata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a formal pet rating is not established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant is very bitter (it contains bitter glycosides and has a history of medicinal/herbal use) and is not assumed pet-safe; ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset. |
| Merlot lettuce | Lactuca sativa 'Merlot' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe occasional treat in small washed amounts; large quantities can cause mild digestive upset. Not to be confused with toxic wild Lactuca virosa. |
| Merola's Dioon | Dioon merolae | tropical | Toxic | All Dioon species are cycads (family Zamiaceae) containing cycasin and associated neurotoxins. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or horses can cause vomiting, liver failure, haemorrhage, neurological damage, and death. The ASPCA lists cycads as toxic. Seeds and the fleshy seed coat are particularly dangerous, but all parts of the plant are hazardous. Immediate emergency veterinary care is required after any ingestion. |
| Merrill's wax plant | Hoya merrillii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Merton Pride pear | Pyrus communis 'Merton Pride' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus species are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. Fruit flesh and leaves are safe. The seeds (pips) contain trace amygdalin common to the Rosaceae family and should not be consumed in large quantities by pets. |
| Blue Elf Fern | Microsorum thailandicum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Microsorum is a true fern genus (note ASPCA does not list it as toxic) and true ferns are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. As with any fern, nibbling may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| metallic heliconia | Heliconia metallica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia metallica is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs. The genus Heliconia (family Heliconiaceae) is not among established pet-toxic plant groups, and close botanical relatives (banana/Musa family) are non-toxic. Classification is mildly-toxic as a precaution because explicit per-species ASPCA clearance is absent. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Miniature Fishtail Palm | Chamaedorea metallica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Chamaedorea is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the parlor palm, Chamaedorea elegans, appears under the name Miniature Fish Tail Dwarf Palm). Chamaedorea metallica belongs to the same non-toxic genus and is considered pet-safe. As always, discourage chewing to avoid mild digestive upset. |
| Metallic Peperomia | Peperomia metallica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia metallica is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but it belongs to the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs across every member it covers (including Peperomia caperata, P. obtusifolia, P. argyreia and P. prostrata) with no toxic species listed. On that clean-genus basis it is treated as pet-safe; confirm with your vet, as overeating any plant can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Metallica Palm | Chamaedorea metallica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Chamaedorea species (under common names including Parlor Palm, Bamboo Palm, and Neanthe Bella Palm) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are identified. |
| Mexican Achimenes | Achimenes mexicana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Achimenes is listed as non-toxic (Gesneriaceae) by horticultural authorities for dogs and cats; the RHS also does not list it as harmful. A. mexicana is not individually cited by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are known for the genus. Mild GI upset may occur if significant plant material is eaten. |
| Mexican Aechmea | Aechmea mexicana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae family is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Aechmea mexicana has no known toxic principles. Serrated leaf spines may cause minor physical abrasion if handled roughly, but the plant is not chemically harmful. |
| Blue Hesper Palm | Brahea armata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Brahea armata is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. As a precaution, discourage pets from chewing the stiff fronds, whose sharp leaf-stalk teeth can also cause mechanical injury. |
| Mexican bush sage | Salvia leucantha | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia leucantha is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. Mild gastrointestinal upset may occur if significant quantities are ingested by cats or dogs; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Mexican butterwort | Pinguicula moranensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula (butterwort) is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database — neither this species nor the genus appears, so its safety is unverified. Hobby reports range from harmless to a temporary upset stomach if eaten. Treat it as potentially mildly toxic and confirm with your vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Mexican Butterwort | Pinguicula moranensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula / butterwort is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no member of the genus appears there, so a clean pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Reports suggest ingestion is at most mildly irritating (temporary stomach upset), but treat it as mildly toxic and check with your vet if a pet chews it. |
| Mexican butterwort | Pinguicula moranensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula moranensis is not specifically listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Butterworts are not in any known highly toxic plant genus. Veterinary sources report that ingestion typically causes only mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied. |
| Mexican Cypress | Cupressus lusitanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus lusitanica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Cupressus contains aromatic essential oils (terpenes) and is considered mildly toxic to cats with prolonged exposure, as documented for related Cupressus species. Treat with caution around pets; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Skyduster | Washingtonia robusta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Washingtonia robusta is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic-or-non-toxic database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not a known-toxic genus, but ingested seeds/fronds may cause GI irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea), and the petioles bear sharp spines that can injure curious pets. |
| mexican feather grass | Nassella tenuissima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nassella tenuissima is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be asserted as pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The chief concern is mechanical: the needle-like, barbed seed awns readily lodge in fur, ears, eyes and paws or migrate into skin, and ingested awns or foliage may irritate the mouth and gut. |
| Mexican Fleabane | Erigeron karvinskianus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erigeron karvinskianus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Erigeron and the wider Asteraceae family are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principle has been documented for this species. |
| Mexican Giant Cardon | Pachycereus pringlei | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pachycereus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database. Cactaceae generally have no recognised toxic principle and ASPCA-listed cacti (Echinopsis, Schlumbergera) are non-toxic, but because this genus is not specifically confirmed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. The large, rigid spines are a serious mechanical hazard to pets, and ingestion of stem tissue may cause mild GI upset. |
| Mexican Hat | Ratibida columnifera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ratibida columnifera is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus is in the Asteraceae family and has no reported toxic principles. It is widely planted in wildlife gardens and has no documented history of pet poisoning. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large amounts are eaten. |
| Hardy Parlour Palm | Chamaedorea radicalis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Chamaedorea genus (parlour palm, bamboo palm) is individually verified on the ASPCA non-toxic database, so C. radicalis is considered safe; the sago palm, a deadly cycad, is unrelated despite the 'palm' name. |
| Mexican Hyssop | Agastache mexicana | herb | Mildly toxic | Agastache mexicana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. As an aromatic mint-family herb it is generally considered low-risk, but treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Mexican orange sage | Salvia fallax | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. S. fallax is not individually assessed; as a member of the non-toxic Salvia genus it is considered pet-safe, though ingesting large quantities may cause transient mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Mexican Oregano | Lippia graveolens | herb | Mildly toxic | Lippia graveolens is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and the ASPCA does flag true oregano (Origanum) as a gastrointestinal irritant for cats and dogs. With Lippia's status unclear, treat it as mildly toxic, keep pets from grazing it, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Mexican pinyon | Pinus cembroides | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed pines, such as Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), are non-toxic to cats and dogs, and true pines in the genus Pinus are not on the ASPCA toxic list. The edible pine nuts are not poisonous, but eating large quantities of nuts or needles can cause vomiting or stomach upset, so offer only occasionally and in small amounts. |
| Mexican sage | Salvia mexicana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia as a genus is listed on the ASPCA Non-Toxic Plant List for both cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for S. mexicana. |
| Mexican Snowball | Echeveria elegans | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Echeveria elegans (under the common names "Hens and Chickens, Mother Hens and Chicks") as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Note that several unrelated succulents sometimes mislabelled as "hens and chicks," such as jade (Crassula) and Kalanchoe, are toxic — so verify you have a true Echeveria. |
| Mexican sunflower | Tithonia rotundifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tithonia rotundifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus belongs to Asteraceae and no severe toxic principles are documented, but Tithonia diversifolia (a related species) contains sesquiterpene lactones that can cause contact dermatitis and mild toxicity in livestock. Treat with caution; the hollow, hairy stems and leaves can cause skin irritation. Not recommended for consumption by pets or children. |
| Mexican tarragon | Tagetes lucida | herb | Toxic | ASPCA classifies marigolds (Tagetes species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is the plant's essential oils, which can cause gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and contact dermatitis. As a Tagetes species, Mexican tarragon falls under this genus stance. |
| Mexican Tomatillo | Physalis ixocarpa | edible | Mildly toxic | Physalis ixocarpa is in the Solanaceae family. The ripe fruit is edible and widely consumed by humans. However, unripe fruits and green plant parts (leaves, stems, husks) contain solanine-type alkaloids and are not safe for consumption. ASPCA does not individually list this species, but the Solanaceae family includes members toxic to dogs and cats; treat all green parts as a hazard for pets and do not feed fruits to animals. |
| Mexican Tortoise Plant | Dioscorea mexicana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dioscorea mexicana is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other members of the genus, the caudex contains saponins and steroidal compounds (including diosgenin, used pharmaceutically) that can cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested raw by pets or humans. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Mexican Tree Fern | Cibotium schiedei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cibotium schiedei is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The Cibotiaceae family has no documented toxic compound affecting dogs or cats. As with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause minor gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Mexican zinnia | Zinnia haageana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia species are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Mexican zinnia is considered safe for households with pets. General plant ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset in some animals. |
| Meyer lemon | Citrus limon 'Meyer' | edible | Mildly toxic | Citrus limon (lemon) is listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens in the rind, leaves, and stems; clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and potential dermatitis. The fruit flesh is low-risk in small amounts, but the foliage, rind, and sap should be kept away from pets. |
| Meyer's Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus meyeri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. |
| Meyer's Cone Plant | Conophytum meyeri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum is in the family Aizoaceae. Not individually listed by ASPCA; however, related Aizoaceae genera (Lithops) are listed as non-toxic by ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in Conophytum meyeri in veterinary or horticultural reference sources. |
| mibuna | Brassica rapa var. nipposinica 'Mibuna' | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA classifies cultivated Brassica/Indian Mustard greens as toxic to horses (isothiocyanates; gastrointestinal irritation and colic). The same entry does not flag cats or dogs as toxic, and small amounts are generally tolerated, but isothiocyanates can cause GI upset and large repeated quantities pose thiocyanate risks—especially to cats. Keep away from horses and consult a vet for any unwell pet. |
| Micholitz's Cycad | Cycas micholitzii | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Cycas micholitzii are severely toxic. Cycads contain cycasin (methylazoxymethanol), which causes acute liver failure, neurological damage, and death in dogs, cats, and humans. Even a small amount of seed or leaf material can be fatal to pets. ASPCA lists the Cycas genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Monte Carlo plant | Micranthemum tweediei 'Monte Carlo' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Micranthemum tweediei is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe to ingest. No specific toxic principle is documented, but absence of an ASPCA listing is not a safety guarantee. |
| Micro Earth Star | Cryptanthus microglaziovii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Cryptanthus genus (Earth Star) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; as with all plant material, ingestion may cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal irritation in sensitive animals. |
| Java fern | Microsorum pteropus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Java fern (Microsorum pteropus) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While most true ferns are non-toxic, this species is unverified, so treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. As a submerged aquatic, pet exposure is in any case minimal. |
| narrow-leaf Java fern | Microsorum pteropus 'Narrow' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Microsorum pteropus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a true fern (Polypodiaceae) it falls within a group most of which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic, so significant poisoning is unlikely; but because the species is not specifically listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Large amounts may cause mild stomach upset. |
| needle-leaf Java fern | Microsorum pteropus 'Needle Leaf' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Microsorum pteropus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Being a true fern (Polypodiaceae), it sits within a group the ASPCA largely lists as non-toxic, so serious poisoning is unlikely; however, as the species is not specifically listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if a pet eats a quantity. |
| Trident Java fern | Microsorum pteropus 'Trident' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Microsorum pteropus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It is a true fern (Polypodiaceae), and most true ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, so serious poisoning is unlikely; however, because this species is not specifically listed, treat with caution and verify with a vet, and expect mild gastrointestinal upset if a pet chews large amounts. |
| Windelov Java fern | Microsorum pteropus 'Windelov' | tropical | Mildly toxic | This Java fern cultivar (Microsorum pteropus 'Windelov') is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although most true ferns are non-toxic, the species is unverified, so treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. Exposure is minimal as a submerged aquatic anyway. |
| Climbing Bird's Nest Fern | Microsorum punctatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Microsorum is not individually listed but belongs to this recognised non-toxic fern group. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Midas Touch | Rosa 'Midas Touch' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species; toxic principle: none). Only the thorns present a risk, able to scratch skin or mouth if a pet brushes against or chews the canes. |
| Mignonette | Reseda odorata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Reseda odorata is not individually listed by ASPCA, but is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. No toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or oxalate crystals are associated with the Resedaceae family. Mild digestive discomfort may occur if large quantities are ingested. |
| Mignonette strawberry | Fragaria vesca 'Mignonette' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA classifies Strawberry and Wild Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) as non-toxic, so the berries and leaves of this Fragaria vesca cultivar are not a poisoning hazard to pets. |
| Mignonette Alpine Strawberry | Fragaria vesca 'Mignonette' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria (strawberry) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All parts of the plant, including fruit and foliage, are considered safe for pets. |
| Mignonette Peperomia | Peperomia resedaeflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species (including Peperomia obtusifolia and Peperomia hederifolia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for the Peperomia genus. |
| Plush Vine | Mikania ternata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Mikania ternata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Mikania is not clearly classified there; treat it as uncertain, exercise caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Keep it away from pets inclined to nibble trailing foliage. |
| milk thistle | Silybum marianum | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. While purified silymarin is sold as a veterinary liver supplement, the raw plant is a documented nitrate accumulator that has caused fatal nitrate poisoning in grazing livestock (notably during wilting). Treat with caution, keep pets from grazing it, and verify with a vet before any deliberate use. |
| milkflower cotoneaster | Cotoneaster lacteus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cotoneaster berries contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) in the seeds. The ASPCA lists Cotoneaster species as toxic to dogs and cats; ingestion of berries can cause vomiting, diarrhea, labored breathing, and in large quantities, more serious effects. Keep pets away from fallen berries. The fleshy pulp is low-risk, but the seeds should not be consumed. |
| Milky bellflower | Campanula lactiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula lactiflora is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Campanula species are not documented as toxic to dogs or cats. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. Generally considered safe around pets and children. |
| Milky Way Kousa Dogwood | Cornus kousa 'Milky Way' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses and does not list any Cornus species as toxic. Cornus kousa and its cultivars including 'Milky Way' are not individually listed by ASPCA but the genus has no documented toxic principles. The fleshy, raspberry-like fruit is safe and consumed by wildlife and humans; ingestion of large amounts of any plant material may cause mild GI upset. |
| Miller's Laelia | Laelia milleri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Laelia is in the Orchidaceae family, which is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic substances are documented for Laelia milleri. |
| Million bells | Calibrachoa × hybrida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calibrachoa belongs to Solanaceae, the same family as petunias. While not listed individually by the ASPCA, Solanaceae plants can contain alkaloids that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea) if ingested by dogs or cats. Not considered severely toxic, but keep pets from grazing on plants as a precaution. |
| Million bells | Calibrachoa 'Superbells' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calibrachoa is not on the ASPCA toxic list; like its relative the petunia it lacks significant toxic nightshade alkaloids such as solanine. Eating large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Miltonia orchid | Miltonia spectabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miltonia spectabilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists the Miltonia pansy orchid (Miltonia roezlii alba, family Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and no Miltonia species is listed as toxic, so it is treated as pet-safe. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing and check with your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Augres Pansy Orchid | Miltoniopsis 'Augres' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the Pansy Orchid (Miltoniopsis) and the wider Orchidaceae family as non-toxic; ingestion may cause only mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset, and any fertiliser or pesticide residue is the more realistic concern. |
| Patterned Pansy Orchid | Miltoniopsis 'Herralexandre' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miltoniopsis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classes Phalaenopsis and Jewel orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and cultivated pansy-orchid hybrids follow that non-toxic pattern. Considered pet-safe; the realistic risk is pesticide or fertiliser residue rather than the plant, so rinse foliage, and chewing may still cause minor stomach upset. |
| Red Tide Pansy Orchid | Miltoniopsis 'Red Tide' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the Pansy Orchid (Miltoniopsis) and the broader Orchidaceae family as non-toxic; large nibbles may still cause mild stomach upset, and residual fertiliser or pesticide on the leaves is the bigger practical risk. |
| Pansy Orchid | Miltoniopsis phalaenopsis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — the ASPCA specifically lists the Pansy Orchid (Miltonia/Miltoniopsis) as non-toxic, in line with the wider orchid family. A pet that eats a lot of foliage may get mild, self-limiting stomach upset, and any chemical applied to the plant is a bigger concern than the orchid tissue itself. |
| Roezl's Pansy Orchid | Miltoniopsis roezlii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the Pansy Orchid (Miltoniopsis) and the wider Orchidaceae family as non-toxic; ingestion may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, and any fertiliser or pesticide residue on the plant is the more realistic hazard. |
| Allegheny Monkeyflower | Mimulus ringens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Mimulus ringens is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant lists, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. Note also that brittle stems pose a minor mechanical hazard along pet paths. |
| Min Fir | Abies recurvata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies (true firs) are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for dogs or cats in this genus. Large amounts of needles may cause minor gastrointestinal irritation, but the species is generally considered non-toxic to pets. |
| parsley aralia | Polyscias fruticosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists the closely related Polyscias guilfoylei (geranium-leaf aralia) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with saponins as the toxic principle; Ming aralia (Polyscias fruticosa) is the same saponin-bearing genus (Araliaceae) and should be treated as toxic too. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and other GI upset — usually mild, but keep it out of reach. (Note: the ASPCA-listed "false aralia" — Schefflera elegantissima, which the ASPCA lists under its synonym Dizygotheca elegantissima — is a different, non-toxic plant; don't confuse the two.) |
| Miniature Phalaenopsis | Phalaenopsis 'Sogo Vivien' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Phalaenopsis orchid is individually named on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Curious pets may still get mild digestive upset from chewing foliage, so keep plants out of reach. |
| Miniature African violet | Saintpaulia 'Optimara Little Maya' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia spp.) are explicitly listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The 'Optimara Little Maya' cultivar, like all Saintpaulia, contains no known toxic compounds. |
| Miniature Chusan Palm | Trachycarpus wagnerianus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Trachycarpus genus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs (under 'Windmill Palm'). Mild gastrointestinal upset can occur if large amounts of plant material are consumed. |
| Miniature Cone Plant | Conophytum minimum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum minimum (Aizoaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family has no known toxic principles and the genus is widely regarded as safe around pets and children. |
| Miniature Coral Berry Bromeliad | Aechmea miniata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea miniata is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic principles are recorded for this genus; the plant is broadly considered safe for households with pets, though ingestion may cause mild GI upset due to plant fibre. |
| Miniature Creeping Jenny | Lysimachia japonica 'Minutissima' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lysimachia japonica 'Minutissima' is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a Primulaceae member, mild saponin content may cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets. Given its ground-hugging growth and small leaf size, ingestion risk is low but cannot be ruled out. Monitor pets and consult a vet if concerned. |
| Miniature Desert Rose | Trichodiadema stellatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trichodiadema is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the Aizoaceae family, which has no reported toxic principle to mammals. ASPCA lists the related Aizoaceae ice plant (Lampranthus piquet) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compound has been identified in Trichodiadema stellatum. Consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Miniature Pumpkin | Cucurbita pepo 'Jack Be Little' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin/squash) is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. Plain cooked or raw pumpkin flesh is safe and often recommended as a digestive aid for pets. The prickly stems and leaves may cause mild skin irritation. |
| miniature gloxinia | Sinningia pusilla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the closely related florist's gloxinia, Sinningia speciosa, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, and the genus Sinningia is treated as non-toxic). Safe around pets, and its terrarium culture keeps it out of reach anyway. |
| Miniature Tree Fern | Blechnum gibbum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Blechnum gibbum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Blechnum is not covered, so its status cannot be confirmed as safe. True ferns are generally low-risk, but treat with caution: keep out of reach and verify with a vet if a pet chews it, as ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Minnesota Trout Lily | Erythronium propullans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium is not listed as a toxic genus by the ASPCA; it is explicitly cited as a non-dangerous lily unlike Lilium and Hemerocallis. No toxic principle is documented for this species. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution given the species is not individually evaluated in the ASPCA database. |
| peppermint | Mentha | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists garden mints as toxic to cats and dogs due to essential oils. A nibble is harmless; large amounts cause vomiting and diarrhoea. Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is significantly more toxic and should be avoided in pet homes. |
| Mintleaf Spurflower | Plectranthus madagascariensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Plectranthus madagascariensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Related Plectranthus species such as P. australis (Swedish Ivy) are listed as non-toxic, but caution is advised as individual species vary; essential oils in aromatic Plectranthus can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by cats or dogs in quantity. |
| Minute Masdevallia | Masdevallia minuta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Masdevallia is listed by the ASPCA as 'Tailed Orchid' (Masdevallia spp.), classified as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are known for this genus. The Orchidaceae family as a whole is considered non-toxic. Mild GI upset may occur if large amounts are ingested. |
| Minuteman hosta | Hosta 'Minuteman' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Miquel's Cycad | Macrozamia miquelii | tropical | Toxic | Macrozamia miquelii contains the azoxy glycoside macrozamin and cycasin — severely toxic hepatotoxins and neurotoxins. All plant parts are toxic to dogs, cats, livestock, and humans. Seeds are most dangerous but fronds and the trunk pith are also harmful. Immediate emergency veterinary treatment is required after any ingestion. |
| Miquel's peperomia | Peperomia miqueliana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic compound identified in the genus. A pet consuming a large quantity of foliage may experience mild, transient gastrointestinal discomfort from plant fibre alone. |
| Miracle fruit | Synsepalum dulcificum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Synsepalum dulcificum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The berry has a long record of safe human consumption and no notable toxic principle is documented, but absence from the ASPCA list means it should not be asserted as pet-safe; ingestion of plant material can still cause mild GI upset. |
| Miranda's Ceratozamia | Ceratozamia mirandae | tropical | Toxic | All Ceratozamia species are cycads and contain the neurotoxin cycasin (methylazoxymethanol) and macrozamin. Ingestion of any part — especially seeds — causes severe gastrointestinal distress, liver failure, and neurological damage in dogs, cats, and humans. Treat as life-threatening; seek emergency veterinary care immediately. |
| Miss Grace Dawn Redwood | Metasequoia glyptostroboides 'Miss Grace' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Metasequoia glyptostroboides is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been reported for dawn redwood in dogs, cats, or horses. The genus is considered non-toxic to pets based on available evidence. |
| Miss Jekyll love-in-a-mist | Nigella damascena 'Miss Jekyll' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nigella damascena seeds contain alkaloids (including damascenine) and are regarded as toxic if consumed in significant quantities. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but seeds should be kept away from pets and children. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal distress. |
| Miss Kim lilac | Syringa pubescens subsp. patula 'Miss Kim' | flowering | Mildly toxic | 'Miss Kim' (Syringa pubescens subsp. patula), a true Syringa, is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; commonly considered non-toxic but not ASPCA-confirmed, so use caution and verify with a vet. It is unrelated to the ASPCA-toxic Persian lilac (Melia azedarach). |
| Miss Sharples Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum pedatum 'Miss Sharples' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum (maidenhair fern) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are consumed. |
| Miss Willmott's Ghost | Eryngium giganteum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eryngium is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic genus; it is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, though the spiny foliage may cause minor mechanical irritation if chewed. |
| Miss Wilmott's ghost | Eryngium giganteum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not recorded as seriously toxic, and the fiercely spiny bracts and foliage strongly discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Missouri Coneflower | Rudbeckia missouriensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rudbeckia missouriensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats, dogs, or horses. As with other Rudbeckias, sesquiterpene lactones in leaves and stems may cause contact dermatitis or mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity. The safety status for companion animals cannot be confirmed; consult a vet if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| Missouri Ironweed | Vernonia missurica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Vernonia species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ironweed contains bitter sesquiterpene lactones which deter grazing animals but are not considered acutely toxic to cats or dogs; classified mildly-toxic in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Mister Lincoln | Rosa 'Mister Lincoln' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Rosa). No toxic principle is present; only the thorns pose a mechanical injury risk. |
| Mistletoe begonia | Begonia loranthoides | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates are the toxic principle, with the highest concentrations in the underground parts; clinical signs include oral irritation, hypersalivation, and vomiting. |
| Mistletoe cactus | Rhipsalis baccifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Mistletoe Cactus (Rhipsalis baccifera, listed under the synonym Rhipsalis cassutha; family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with toxic principles recorded as "non-toxic." As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Mitchell's pitcher plant | Sarracenia x mitchelliana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia species and hybrids are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. Mitchell's pitcher plant presents no known toxicity risk to companion animals. |
| Mitla Air Plant | Tillandsia mitlaensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known; the dense trichome coating is not chemically harmful, though chewing large quantities may cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Japanese mustard greens | Brassica rapa var. niposinica | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mizuna (Brassica rapa) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and falls within the cruciferous vegetables the ASPCA considers safe for dogs and cats in moderation. Its mustard-family compounds can irritate the gut and large amounts cause gas, so feed only small, occasional portions. |
| Early mizuna | Brassica rapa var. nipposinica 'Early Mizuna' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa mustard greens are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Brassicas contain isothiocyanates and goitrogens, and large amounts can cause gas, GI upset, or thyroid effects in cats and dogs, so offer only sparingly. |
| Red mizuna | Brassica rapa var. nipposinica 'Red Kingdom' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa mustard greens are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Brassicas contain isothiocyanates and goitrogens, and large quantities can cause gas, GI upset, or thyroid effects in pets, so feed only in small amounts. |
| mock orange | Philadelphus coronarius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Philadelphus coronarius is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and some pet sources flag mock orange as a concern for cats, so its status is unconfirmed by that authority; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. Discourage pets from chewing foliage or flowers. |
| Mock Orange | Philadelphus 'Belle Etoile' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Philadelphus is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. There is no strong evidence of serious toxicity, but in the absence of an ASPCA listing it should not be labelled pet-safe. |
| mockernut hickory | Carya tomentosa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mockernut hickory belongs to the Carya genus, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (with shagbark and other hickories individually confirmed non-toxic), so the tree and foliage are not a poisoning hazard. The thick-shelled nuts are not a safe pet treat, however: they can develop aflatoxin and tremorgenic moulds (causing vomiting, tremors or seizures), the hard shells risk choking or blockage, and the high fat content can cause pancreatitis. Keep fallen nuts away from pets. |
| Moctezuma butterwort | Pinguicula moctezumae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula moctezumae is not specifically listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus Pinguicula is not a known highly toxic group; veterinary sources report only mild transient gastrointestinal upset if plant material is ingested by cats or dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. |
| Modest Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus modestus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. |
| Modoc Cypress | Cupressus bakeri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cupressus bakeri is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. True cypresses in the Cupressus genus have no documented toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. Considered non-hazardous with incidental contact or minor ingestion of foliage. |
| Mojito Mint | Mentha × villosa | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA classifies Mentha species as mildly toxic to cats and dogs, with essential-oil compounds causing gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested in quantity. Mentha × villosa is not individually listed but belongs to the same genus. Small incidental contact is unlikely to cause harm, but significant ingestion should be reported to a vet. |
| Moluccan Fishtail Palm | Caryota rumphiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | The fleshy mesocarp of Caryota rumphiana fruits contains calcium oxalate raphide crystals, causing intense oral irritation and burning in pets and people. The leaves and trunk are not reported as toxic. Caryota is not individually listed on the ASPCA database. Always wear gloves when handling fruits. Keep pets away from fallen fruit. |
| Mombasa Cycad | Encephalartos hildebrandtii | tropical | Toxic | Encephalartos hildebrandtii contains cycasin and macrozamin, potent glycosides toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. All parts of the plant — seeds, leaves, and caudex — are toxic; seeds are most dangerous. Symptoms include vomiting, liver failure, and neurological signs. ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic. Treat any ingestion as a life-threatening emergency. |
| Momi Fir | Abies firma | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies firma is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Abies (true fir) genus has no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. As with all conifers, ingestion of large quantities of needles may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Mona Lisa Lipstick Plant | Aeschynanthus radicans 'Mona Lisa' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aeschynanthus radicans (Lipstick Plant) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by ASPCA (aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/lipstick-plant). Some individuals may experience mild GI upset from ingesting large quantities, but the plant poses no serious toxic risk. |
| Monarch Birch | Betula maximowicziana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula species, including B. maximowicziana, are not listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by ASPCA. No toxic compounds of concern for companion animals are reported in the leaves, bark, or catkins. Birch pollen is a significant human respiratory allergen but poses no documented pet toxicity risk. |
| Monarch of the Veldt | Arctotis fastuosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Arctotis stoechadifolia (Blue-eyed African Daisy) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No specific ASPCA entry exists for A. fastuosa; in the absence of confirmed safety data for this particular species, mildly-toxic is used as a precautionary classification. Consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Jacob Cline bee balm | Monarda didyma 'Jacob Cline' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Monarda (bee balm) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is an aromatic mint-family plant generally regarded as low-risk, but ingestion of any plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Marshall's Delight bee balm | Monarda didyma 'Marshall's Delight' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Monarda (bee balm) is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an aromatic mint-family plant it is generally considered low-risk, but eating any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Cambridge Scarlet Bee Balm | Monarda didyma 'Cambridge Scarlet' | herb | Mildly toxic | Monarda (bee balm) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with most aromatic herbs, eating large amounts of the minty foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Croftway Pink Bee Balm | Monarda didyma 'Croftway Pink' | herb | Mildly toxic | Monarda (bee balm) is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe rating cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingesting large quantities of the aromatic foliage could cause mild stomach upset in cats or dogs. |
| mondo grass | Ophiopogon japonicus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Ophiopogon as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Money Plant | Plectranthus verticillatus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Swedish Ivy (Plectranthus australis, a synonym treated as equivalent to P. verticillatus) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no identified toxic principle. This is consistent with its placement in the mint family (Lamiaceae). As always, nibbling large amounts of any plant material may cause mild stomach upset in some individuals. |
| Guiana chestnut | Pachira aquatica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Pachira aquatica as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe statement plant for pet households. |
| Mongolian Linden | Tilia mongolica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Tilia is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Tilia mongolica has no known toxic principles to companion animals. |
| Ornate Star Cactus | Astrophytum ornatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astrophytum is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but the ASPCA identifies no toxic principles in cacti and the related Bishop's Cap (Astrophytum myriostigma) is documented non-toxic to cats and dogs. The chief risk is physical: stout spines can wound a pet's mouth, paws, or eyes, so keep it out of reach. |
| Monkey Comb Vine | Amphilophium crucigerum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Amphilophium crucigerum is not individually listed by ASPCA. Available sources note 'no known hazards.' It belongs to Bignoniaceae, a family generally considered low in toxicity. No documented toxic principles have been identified for this species, but it lacks formal ASPCA assessment. Treat with routine caution around pets and children. |
| Monkey flower | Mimulus × hybridus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mimulus species are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for Mimulus × hybridus. The genus is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats, making monkey flower a safe choice for pet-friendly gardens and patios. |
| Monkey Jack | Artocarpus lakoocha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Artocarpus lakoocha (Moraceae) is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The latex sap common to Moraceae can cause mild skin irritation on contact, but the species has no documented systemic toxic principles for companion animals. Fruits are widely consumed by humans and wildlife. |
| monkey puzzle tree | Araucaria araucana | edible | Mildly toxic | Araucaria araucana is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its relative Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) is ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, but this species is not classified, so treat it with caution. The stiff, sharp, spine-tipped leaves are a real mechanical hazard and chewed foliage can cause oral injury and GI irritation. The seeds are a human food. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Monkeyflower | Mimulus guttatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Mimulus guttatus is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no specific toxic principles are identified for this species. As ASPCA non-toxic status cannot be confirmed, treat as mildly toxic; contact a vet if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| pellia | Monosolenium tenerum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Monosolenium tenerum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and liverworts as a group are not classified there; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets that may chew aquarium plants. No specific toxic principle is documented, but absence of an ASPCA listing is not a safety guarantee. |
| Swiss cheese plant | Monstera deliciosa | tropical | Toxic | Listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling and rarely vomiting. Keep cuttings out of reach during propagation. |
| Acacoyaguensis Monstera | Monstera acacoyaguensis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Monstera as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing or ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips, and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep the plant and its trailing growth away from pets. |
| Acuminate monstera | Monstera acuminata | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Monstera is ASPCA-listed as toxic (genus Monstera, family Araceae) due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Swiss cheese vine | Monstera adansonii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Monstera and other aroids (family Araceae), it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; when chewed, these needle-like raphides cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. ASPCA does not list M. adansonii by name but lists its close relative Monstera deliciosa (Swiss Cheese Plant) as toxic to both cats and dogs on the same insoluble-calcium-oxalate basis, and NC State Extension states M. adansonii is toxic to humans and pets if ingested. Treated conservatively as toxic; keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Archipelago monstera | Monstera adansonii 'Archipelago' | houseplant | Toxic | Monstera is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral pain, severe burning and irritation of the mouth and tongue, drooling, and vomiting. Keep it away from pets and children. |
| Mint monstera | Monstera adansonii 'Mint' | houseplant | Toxic | Monstera is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation and burning, mouth and tongue pain, drooling, and vomiting. Keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Wide form adansonii | Monstera adansonii var. laniata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera (under Swiss cheese plant / Cutleaf philodendron) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the lips, mouth and tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Yellow variegated monstera | Monstera deliciosa 'Aurea' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Monstera deliciosa is ASPCA-listed as toxic (genus Monstera, family Araceae) due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Costa Rica monstera | Monstera costaricensis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Monstera as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral and lip burning, excessive drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Site it away from curious pets. |
| Borsigiana monstera | Monstera deliciosa var. borsigiana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera deliciosa (Swiss cheese plant / Cutleaf philodendron) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, causing oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. The unripe fruit is also irritating. Keep away from pets. |
| Mint monstera | Monstera deliciosa 'Mint Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera deliciosa (Swiss Cheese Plant) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips and tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Ronronensis monstera | Monstera deliciosa var. sierrana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera deliciosa as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Monstera sport | Monstera deliciosa 'Sport' | houseplant | Toxic | Monstera is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral pain, pronounced burning and irritation of the mouth and tongue, excessive drooling, and vomiting. Keep well away from pets and children. |
| Monstera esqueleto | Monstera epipremnoides | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Monstera is ASPCA-listed as toxic (genus Monstera, family Araceae) due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Variegated esqueleto | Monstera epipremnoides 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Monstera is listed by the ASPCA as toxic; the plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals like all aroids. Ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Graceful monstera | Monstera gracilis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Monstera as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense mouth and lip burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Variegated Peru monstera | Monstera karstenianum 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Monstera is listed by the ASPCA as toxic; like all aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides). Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and swelling of the lips, tongue and throat. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Laniata monstera | Monstera laniata | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Monstera as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing the leaves causes oral irritation, intense mouth burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Lechleriana monstera | Monstera lechleriana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Monstera, M. lechleriana contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Dark monstera | Monstera nigrescens | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Monstera as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Monstera obliqua | Monstera obliqua | tropical | Toxic | Monstera obliqua is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is represented by Monstera deliciosa (Swiss Cheese Plant), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs and cats due to insoluble calcium oxalates. As an aroid (Araceae), obliqua should be treated the same way. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Peru obliqua | Monstera obliqua var. expilata | houseplant | Toxic | Monstera is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA lists Monstera deliciosa / Swiss Cheese Plant), and the genus contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing M. obliqua causes oral and gastrointestinal irritation, drooling, vomiting and mouth pain. Treat as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Monstera Peru | Monstera karstenianum 'Peru' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Monstera Peru is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists the genus representative Monstera deliciosa (Swiss Cheese Plant) as toxic to dogs and cats due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. As an aroid (family Araceae), Monstera Peru contains the same oxalate raphides in all parts; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and verify any concerns with your vet. |
| Silver Monstera | Monstera pinnatipartita | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Monstera pinnatipartita is not listed individually by the ASPCA, but it is an aroid (family Araceae) containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, and the genus is not pet-safe: the ASPCA lists Monstera deliciosa (Swiss Cheese Plant) as toxic to both species. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Variegated pinnatipartita | Monstera pinnatipartita 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Monstera is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA lists Monstera deliciosa / Swiss Cheese Plant), and the genus contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Punctulate monstera | Monstera punctulata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Monstera as toxic to cats and dogs. M. punctulata contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral pain, intense drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Not safe for pets or children. |
| Silver Monstera | Monstera siltepecana | tropical | Toxic | Monstera siltepecana is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but its genus is not clean: the only ASPCA-listed Monstera, Monstera deliciosa (Swiss Cheese Plant / Cutleaf Philodendron), is classed as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. As an aroid, M. siltepecana contains the same crystals, which can cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Treat it as toxic, keep it away from pets, and verify with your vet. |
| Spruce's monstera | Monstera spruceana | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Monstera as toxic to cats and dogs. M. spruceana contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and swelling. Not pet-safe. |
| Five Holes Plant | Monstera standleyana | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Monstera as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Chewing or ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips, and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep trailing stems out of reach of pets. |
| Variegated standleyana | Monstera standleyana 'Albo Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Monstera is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, excessive drooling, and vomiting. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Cobra monstera | Monstera standleyana 'Cobra' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Monstera is listed by the ASPCA as toxic; the plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals like all aroids. Ingestion causes oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and swelling of the lips, tongue and throat. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Finger monstera | Monstera subpinnata | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the genus Monstera as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Slender monstera | Monstera tenuis | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera as toxic to cats and dogs. M. tenuis contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and oral swelling. Keep it away from pets and small children. |
| Thai Constellation Monstera | Monstera deliciosa 'Thai Constellation' | tropical | Toxic | As a cultivar of Monstera deliciosa, it carries the same toxicity the ASPCA lists for the species ("Swiss Cheese Plant", Monstera deliciosa): toxic to dogs and toxic to cats. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, released when the plant is bitten or chewed. Signs include oral irritation; intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips; excessive drooling; vomiting; and difficulty swallowing. Serious cases are rare but keep it and any cuttings out of reach of pets, and contact your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Tuberculate monstera | Monstera tuberculata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera as toxic to cats and dogs. M. tuberculata holds insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout the plant; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Yellow spathe monstera | Monstera xanthospatha | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Monstera as toxic to cats and dogs. M. xanthospatha contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and swelling. Despite its small size it is not pet-safe. |
| Monstrose Cactus | Cereus repandus 'Monstrosus' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The species Cereus repandus is listed by the ASPCA framework among non-toxic cacti (Cactaceae), aligning with its non-toxic 'Tree Cactus' and 'Night Blooming Cereus' entries for cats, dogs, and horses. Spines, where present, are a mechanical hazard, and eating plant tissue may cause mild GI upset, so site it away from curious pets. |
| Mont Cenis bellflower | Campanula cenisia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula species are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no specific ASPCA entry exists for C. cenisia. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Monterey Cypress | Cupressus macrocarpa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus macrocarpa is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, causing liver disease with prolonged or repeated exposure (essential oils). Dogs are less commonly affected but caution is advised. Avoid planting where cats habitually browse or rest against the foliage. |
| Montgomery astilbe | Astilbe japonica 'Montgomery' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Astilbe is widely reported as low-risk, but absent a specific ASPCA entry it is safest to prevent ingestion, which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Montpellier rock rose | Cistus monspeliensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus monspeliensis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database; no specific toxic principle has been identified in the published literature for pets, but since explicit non-toxic confirmation is absent, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. The resinous labdanoid compounds in the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or skin irritation if ingested or handled in quantity. |
| Moon and Stars watermelon | Citrullus lanatus 'Moon and Stars' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is not on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and the ripe flesh is generally regarded as a safe occasional treat for cats and dogs. Serve only seedless, rind-free flesh in small amounts. |
| Moon cactus | Gymnocalycium mihanovichii (grafted) | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not individually list Gymnocalycium mihanovichii, and the genus (family Cactaceae) has no documented toxic chemistry. The dominant photosynthesising rootstock in grafted moon cacti, Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit), IS listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. On that basis the plant is treated as pet-safe. The real hazard is physical: the rootstock's stiff spines can puncture skin, so keep curious pets from pawing or chewing it. |
| Moon Cactus | Gymnocalycium mihanovichii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA (the genus appears in their non-toxic plant database). The Cactaceae family has no known toxic alkaloids or oxalates. Spines can cause physical injury, so handle carefully. |
| Moon Valley pilea | Pilea mollis 'Moon Valley' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Pilea is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (for example aluminium plant, Pilea cadierei, and friendship plant, Pilea involucrata). Moon Valley pilea carries no reported toxic principle and is considered safe around cats and dogs, though nibbling any houseplant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Moonflower | Ipomoea alba | flowering | Toxic | Listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Seeds contain indole alkaloids including lysergic acid derivatives; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and hallucinations. Keep pets and children away from seeds especially. |
| Moonglow Juniper | Juniperus scopulorum 'Moonglow' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and berries contain mildly irritant volatile oils that can cause vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten. Low overall risk, but not confirmed non-toxic. |
| Moonlight cactus | Selenicereus chrysocardium | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. Epiphytic cacti are not poisonous — the ASPCA lists close relatives such as Night Blooming Cereus and Christmas/Orchid Cactus as non-toxic to both cats and dogs. The main hazard is mechanical rather than chemical; chewed stems may cause mild mouth or stomach irritation, so keep it out of a determined chewer's reach. |
| Moons Chirita | Chirita moonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gesneriaceae plants, including Chirita species, are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for Chirita moonii specifically. Considered pet-safe, though large quantities of any plant material could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Moonshadow Euonymus | Euonymus fortunei 'Moonshadow' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Euonymus (Spindle Tree) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles are alkaloids and cardenolides; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and weakness, with heart-rhythm abnormalities after large ingestions. Keep all parts away from pets. |
| Moonstones | Pachyphytum oviferum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this succulent group as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Pachyphytum carries no toxic principle. Eating any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Moor witch purple moor grass | Molinia caerulea 'Moorhexe' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Molinia caerulea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs; this ornamental grass is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Moorcroft's Sage | Salvia moorcroftiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds specific to S. moorcroftiana have been identified; minor gastrointestinal upset may occur if large quantities are consumed. |
| Moore's Blechnum | Blechnum moorei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blechnum ferns belong to the family Blechnaceae and are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles (such as calcium oxalate crystals or alkaloids) have been identified in this genus. |
| Moore's Coelogyne | Coelogyne mooreana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coelogyne is not individually listed by ASPCA, but orchids in the Orchidaceae family have no reported toxic principle and no documented cases of harm to cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe in line with the general non-toxic orchid classification. |
| Moore's Cycad | Macrozamia moorei | tropical | Toxic | Like all Macrozamia species, M. moorei contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside), a potent hepatotoxin and potential carcinogen. All plant parts — particularly seeds and the central pith — are toxic. In dogs and cats, ingestion causes acute vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure, clotting disorders, and death if untreated. The toxin has historically caused livestock losses in Australia ('zamia staggers'). ASPCA classifies the Cycas and Zamia genera (same family) as toxic; Macrozamia presents the same risk. |
| Moore's Macrozamia | Macrozamia moorei | tropical | Toxic | Macrozamia moorei contains cycasin and macrozamin — potent hepatotoxins and neurotoxins. All parts are toxic to dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, and humans; seeds are most dangerous. Historically caused 'wobbles' disease in grazing livestock. Ingestion causes vomiting, liver failure, and neurological collapse. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately. |
| Cityline Paris Hydrangea | Hydrangea macrophylla 'Paris Rapa' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Leaves, buds and flowers contain cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. Serious cyanide poisoning is rare and requires eating a large amount, but keep pets from grazing on it. |
| Mops Dwarf Mountain Pine | Pinus mugo 'Mops' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pinus species under 'Pine' as toxic to cats, with ingestion of large quantities of needles associated with liver damage and, in severe cases, liver failure. Toxic principles include isocupressic acid and other resinous compounds. Dogs may experience vomiting and lethargy after ingestion. Keep cats especially away from fallen needles. Seek urgent veterinary attention if ingestion is suspected. |
| Morell's Billbergia | Billbergia morelii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Billbergia bromeliads are widely listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by bromeliad specialist sources and are in the same family (Bromeliaceae) as plants the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic; however, ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting. |
| Morello sour cherry | Prunus cerasus 'Morello' | edible | Toxic | Sour cherry (Prunus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Its stems, leaves and stones contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, with wilting foliage and the kernel the most dangerous parts; the cooked or ripe flesh is not the hazard. Signs of poisoning include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, panting, breathing difficulty and shock. Keep pets from chewing prunings, leaves or stones. |
| Moretti's bellflower | Campanula morettiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula species are generally listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; no specific ASPCA entry exists for C. morettiana. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution since ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| morning light maiden grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Morning Light' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. The realistic hazard with ornamental grasses is mechanical, not chemical: sharp leaf edges and barbed seed awns can cut mouths or lodge in eyes, ears, and skin. |
| Morning Light Maiden Grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Morning Light' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus sinensis 'Morning Light' is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. No known toxic principles have been identified for the genus. Fine, razor-edged leaves can cause mechanical oral irritation in pets that chew the foliage. Seek veterinary advice if concerns arise. |
| Moroccan lavender | Lavandula maroccana | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate. Clinical signs include nausea, vomiting (not in horses), and loss of appetite. |
| Tea Mint | Mentha spicata 'Moroccan' | herb | Toxic | A spearmint cultivar, it sits within the ASPCA's Mint (Mentha sp., Lamiaceae) listing — toxic to dogs, cats and horses from essential oils, with vomiting and diarrhea on larger ingestions. Although spearmint is milder than peppermint, keep pets from grazing it. |
| Moroccan Mint | Mentha spicata 'Moroccan' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mentha spicata (spearmint) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Moroccan Mint as a spearmint cultivar shares this profile. Note: peppermint and pennyroyal are different species with higher menthol/pulegone content and different toxicity considerations — this spearmint cultivar is safe. |
| Moroccan Sea Holly | Eryngium variifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eryngium is not included in the ASPCA list of plants toxic to cats or dogs; the genus is considered non-toxic, though the spiny leaf margins may cause physical irritation if a pet chews the foliage. |
| Moroccan toadflax | Linaria maroccana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Linaria maroccana is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae / formerly Scrophulariaceae) contains iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity. Not considered severely toxic, but not recommended for ingestion by pets or humans. |
| Dragon Tongue bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Dragon Tongue' | edible | Mildly toxic | Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is not individually listed as non-toxic on the ASPCA database, so it is not affirmed pet-safe. Raw and undercooked beans contain phytohaemagglutinin (a lectin) that causes vomiting and diarrhoea, and unripe pods/foliage can cause GI upset in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic, keep pets from raw pods, and verify with a vet on ingestion. |
| Mortgage Lifter tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Mortgage Lifter' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Solanum lycopersicum). The toxic principle is solanine, concentrated in leaves, stems and unripe green fruit; signs include hypersalivation, inappetence, severe GI upset, weakness, dilated pupils and slow heart rate. Only the fully ripe fruit is non-toxic. |
| Mosaic Bromeliad | Guzmania musaica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania species are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principle is identified for Guzmania musaica. |
| Mosaic Vase Plant | Guzmania musaica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Guzmania species as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Guzmania musaica belongs to the same non-toxic bromeliad genus (Guzmania) and shares the same safety profile. No toxic compounds have been documented for this species. |
| Moses in the cradle | Tradescantia spathacea | houseplant | Toxic | Tradescantia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The sap causes oral and gastrointestinal irritation if chewed and contact dermatitis on skin, leading to drooling, mouth irritation and digestive upset. Keep it away from pets and people prone to skin reactions, and contact a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Moses-in-the-Cradle | Tradescantia spathacea (syn. Rhoeo spathacea) | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA does not list Tradescantia spathacea (Rhoeo) individually, but the genus is not considered safe: ASPCA lists related Tradescantia fluminensis (Inch Plant) and Tradescantia multiflora as toxic to dogs and cats, with dermatitis as the main sign. Treat it as toxic, since the sap causes skin and mouth irritation and mild GI upset (drooling, vomiting) if chewed. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet if ingested. |
| Moso Bamboo | Phyllostachys edulis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys species (true bamboos) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. Bamboo shoots consumed in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to raw cyanogenic glycosides, but at typical garden-nibbling levels the risk is negligible. |
| Mosquito Plant | Agastache cana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache cana belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No reported toxic principles in dogs or cats. The common name 'mosquito plant' is a marketing claim about its fragrance, not a pesticide property — it does not repel mosquitoes effectively in trials. |
| Moss Campion | Silene acaulis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Silene acaulis (family Caryophyllaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Silene and family Caryophyllaceae are not associated with any documented toxic principles in cats, dogs, or horses in veterinary literature. |
| Moss phlox | Phlox subulata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles identified. |
| moss rose | Portulaca grandiflora | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Portulaca (Portulaca grandiflora) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, weakness and depression; large amounts risk kidney injury. Keep away from pets and grazing animals, and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Moss-dwelling Specklinia | Specklinia hypnicola | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Specklinia hypnicola belongs to Orchidaceae. No toxic principles are documented for the Specklinia genus, and the ASPCA lists multiple orchid genera as non-toxic. This species is not individually ASPCA-listed; the genus/family has no known toxic principle. Exercise normal caution. |
| Moss-leaf wax plant | Hoya hypnophylla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, citing Hoya carnosa ('Wax Plant') and Hoya kerrii ('Sweetheart Hoya') as Non-Toxic with no toxic principles. Hoya hypnophylla is not individually listed, and no Hoya species appears on the ASPCA toxic list. Eating large quantities of foliage may cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Mossy cassiope | Cassiope hypnoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cassiope hypnoides is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for the Cassiope genus. Some Ericaceae relatives are toxic, but Cassiope lacks those reported compounds. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is a concern. |
| Mossy Porroglossum | Porroglossum muscosum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Porroglossum is in the subfamily Pleurothallidinae, family Orchidaceae. The ASPCA lists numerous orchid genera as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Porroglossum is not individually ASPCA-listed; no toxic principle is documented for the genus. Treat with standard caution. |
| Mossy Saxifrage | Saxifraga hypnoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and no toxic principles have been identified in Saxifraga hypnoides or the broader genus in veterinary literature. The plant is considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Moth Mullein | Verbascum blattaria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Verbascum blattaria is not individually listed by ASPCA on toxic or non-toxic plant lists. As with other Verbascum species, the seeds contain rotenone-related compounds and iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity. Overall risk is considered low. The flowers and leaves have historical herbal use but should not be consumed without professional guidance. Contact dermatitis from the slightly hairy leaves is possible in sensitive individuals. |
| Moth orchid | Phalaenopsis sp. | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Phalaenopsis orchid as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, so it is a genuinely pet-safe choice. As with any houseplant, nibbled leaves or stems may still cause mild, transient stomach upset, and pesticide residue on leaves is best kept away from curious pets. |
| Moon Orchid | Phalaenopsis amabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phalaenopsis (moth orchids) are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are widely regarded as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. Chewing leaves or flowers may cause mild, transient stomach upset; verify with a vet if a pet ingests a large quantity. |
| Mother Fern | Asplenium viviparum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium ferns are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Asplenium viviparum poses no known toxic risk to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Hen and chicken fern | Asplenium bulbiferum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (listed by name as 'Mother Fern', Asplenium bulbiferum, with no toxic principle). Safe around pets, though eating large amounts of any plant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Mother of Pearl poppy | Papaver rhoeas 'Mother of Pearl' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Papaver rhoeas contains small amounts of isoquinoline alkaloids and rhoeadine. Ingestion of foliage or seed pods can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. The plant is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the Papaveraceae family has recognised mild toxicity; treat as mildly toxic and keep pets and children away from plants and seeds. |
| mother of thousands | Kalanchoe daigremontiana | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe (the genus that includes Kalanchoe daigremontiana) as Toxic to Dogs and Toxic to Cats. The toxic principles are bufadienolides, cardiac-glycoside compounds found throughout the plant that act on the heart in a way similar to digitalis. Reported clinical signs are vomiting and diarrhoea, with abnormal heart rhythm in rare cases; the Pet Poison Helpline warns that larger ingestions can cause changes in heart rate and rhythm, weakness and collapse. This species is especially risky because it constantly sheds tiny plantlets that fall to the floor where curious pets and children can eat them. Keep well out of reach and contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. The ASPCA does not separately list horses for Kalanchoe, so livestock owners should verify with a vet. |
| motherwort | Leonurus cardiaca | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. There are no documented poisoning reports in pets and it is used in some animal herbal formulations, but absence of an ASPCA listing means safety cannot be asserted. The spiny flower bracts can also irritate skin and mouths, so do not treat it as confirmed pet-safe. |
| Mottled Wild Ginger | Asarum shuttleworthii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like other Asarum species, A. shuttleworthii contains aristolochic acid-related compounds and volatile oils. These may cause irritation or toxicity if ingested in quantity by pets or humans. ASPCA does not individually list this species; given the family chemistry, treat as potentially irritant. Despite the ginger fragrance, it is not a substitute for culinary ginger (Zingiber officinale). |
| moudry fountain grass | Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Moudry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pennisetum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Mount Etna broom | Genista aetnensis | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Genista as toxic to cats and dogs. Genista aetnensis, in common with other broom-family plants, contains quinolizidine alkaloids such as cytisine and sparteine. These compounds can cause vomiting, abdominal discomfort, weakness, incoordination, and cardiac effects in dogs and cats if significant amounts are ingested. The ASPCA does not list this species individually, but related Cytisus/Genista genera are documented toxins. Treat as mildly toxic and prevent pets from chewing stems or seed pods. |
| Mountain African Daisy | Osteospermum jucundum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Osteospermum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The ASPCA's 'African Daisy' non-toxic entry refers specifically to Gerbera jamesonii, not Osteospermum. In the absence of a confirmed safety listing, caution is advised; consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Mountain aloe | Aloe marlothii | houseplant | Toxic | Aloe is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinones; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, and diarrhoea. The sharp marginal spines are also a physical hazard. Keep away from pets. |
| Mountain Alyssum | Alyssum montanum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Alyssum montanum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Alyssum (Brassicaceae) contains no documented toxic principle for dogs or cats; the family is generally considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Mountain Bellwort | Uvularia puberula | flowering | Mildly toxic | Uvularia puberula is in the Colchicaceae family, the same family as the highly toxic autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Although specific toxic alkaloid content has not been confirmed for U. puberula individually, the family membership warrants caution. The ASPCA does not list this species. In the absence of a confirmed non-toxic ASPCA listing, mildly-toxic classification is applied for cats and dogs. |
| Mountain Bladder Fern | Cystopteris montana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cystopteris montana is a true fern and is not specifically listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. True ferns in this family are generally regarded as non-toxic to pets, though ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Mountain Bluebells | Mertensia ciliata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mertensia ciliata is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the same Boraginaceae genus as M. virginica, which ASPCA confirms as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles specific to M. ciliata have been documented in veterinary literature. As with any non-food plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| mountain cornflower | Centaurea montana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Centaurea montana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus is consistently classified non-toxic: the ASPCA lists cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens) as Non-Toxic to dogs and cats. Treated as pet-safe on that genus grounding; note some Centaurea (e.g. C. solstitialis, C. repens) are a horse-only concern. |
| Mountain crowberry | Empetrum hermaphroditum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Empetrum hermaphroditum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and no known toxic principles have been identified for this genus. The berries are traditionally consumed by humans and wildlife (grouse, bears, reindeer) across Scandinavia and the Arctic. As with all novel plant materials, monitor pets and consult a vet if large quantities are consumed. |
| Mountain desert sage | Salvia pachyphylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| Mountain Everlasting | Antennaria dioica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antennaria dioica is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Asteraceae and has no documented toxic principles; it is traditionally used in European herbal medicine, suggesting low toxicity risk for pets. |
| Mountain Fern | Oreopteris limbosperma | flowering | Mildly toxic | Oreopteris limbosperma is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no widely recognised toxic principle; however, the aromatic glands on the frond undersides produce volatile compounds, and because this species lacks an individual ASPCA listing, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. |
| Mountain Fetterbush | Pieris floribunda | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Pieris floribunda contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), as is characteristic of the entire Pieris genus. The ASPCA classifies Pieris species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion can cause salivation, vomiting, depression, ataxia, hypotension, and in severe cases cardiac arrhythmia requiring veterinary emergency treatment. |
| Mountain Fire pieris | Pieris japonica 'Mountain Fire' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Pieris japonica 'Mountain Fire' are toxic to cats, dogs, horses, and humans due to the presence of grayanotoxins. Symptoms of ingestion include excessive salivation, vomiting, weakness, low blood pressure, and potentially fatal cardiac effects. Contact with the sap can also irritate skin. |
| Mountain Germander | Teucrium montanum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The Teucrium genus contains neoclerodane diterpenes (teucrin A and related compounds) with documented hepatotoxic potential; T. montanum is not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Ingestion by pets or people should be avoided. |
| Mountain Hemlock | Tsuga mertensiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga mertensiana is a conifer not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for the genus. Not to be confused with poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). |
| Lacecap Mountain Hydrangea | Hydrangea serrata 'Bluebird' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Hydrangea as toxic. It contains cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion of leaves, buds, or flowers can cause vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and lethargy, with cyanide-type poisoning rare and linked to large quantities. |
| mountain laurel | Kalmia latifolia | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Kalmia latifolia are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. The plant contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins) which interfere with nerve and muscle function. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, weakness, low blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, and in severe cases, death. ASPCA lists Kalmia species as toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Mountain Laurel | Kalmia latifolia 'Olympic Fire' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists laurel (Kalmia) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. All parts contain grayanotoxins; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, low blood pressure, seizures and, in severe cases, death. Even small quantities and honey from the flowers are dangerous. |
| Mountain lemon thyme | Thymus nervosus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Thymus species as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The whole garden plant carries no toxic principles; concentrated thyme essential oil is a separate product and should not be used on pets. |
| Mountain Male Fern | Dryopteris oreades | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris oreades is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a precaution consistent with unlisted Dryopteris species, treat as mildly-toxic: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Virginia mountain mint | Pycnanthemum virginianum | herb | Mildly toxic | Pycnanthemum virginianum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. The ASPCA 'mint' toxicity entry refers to garden mint (Mentha), not this native genus, so it should not be relied on here. As an aromatic mint-family herb, large ingestion may cause stomach upset—keep pets from grazing on it. |
| Mountain Pansy | Viola lutea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Viola genus is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. As with all plant material, large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Mountain Phlox | Phlox ovata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phlox ovata belongs to the family Polemoniaceae. ASPCA recognises Phlox species (e.g. moss phlox) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known in this genus. |
| mountain pieris | Pieris floribunda | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-lists the genus Pieris (and Andromeda Japonica) as toxic to dogs and cats. Pieris floribunda contains the same grayanotoxins in all parts; signs of poisoning include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, low blood pressure, and collapse. Keep away from pets and grazing animals. |
| Mountain Pine | Pinus mugo | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus mugo is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ASPCA does list ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but pine needles, bark and sap can cause mild oral and gastrointestinal irritation if chewed. |
| Mountain Sandwort | Arenaria montana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arenaria montana (family Caryophyllaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Caryophyllaceae family has no documented toxic principle in veterinary literature; the genus is not associated with poisoning in cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Mountain Soursop | Annona montana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Like all Annona species, Annona montana contains annonaceous acetogenins in its seeds, leaves, and bark. These compounds are toxic in quantity, with neurotoxic potential documented across the genus. Seeds must never be eaten. The Annona genus is documented as toxic to dogs. Not individually listed by ASPCA — exercise caution and keep all plant parts away from pets. |
| mountain sweet pitcher plant | Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia species are classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. The pitcher digestive fluid presents no meaningful toxicity risk to pets. |
| Mountain wax plant | Hoya montana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of any plant material in quantity may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Mourning Holly Fern | Polystichum luctuosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum species (holly ferns) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True ferns do not contain the toxic principles found in lily or aroid families. Polystichum luctuosum is considered safe around cats and dogs, though ingestion may cause mild gastric upset in sensitive animals. |
| Mouse Head Plant | Muiria hortenseae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Muiria hortenseae is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Aizoaceae and no toxic principles are documented in the literature. However, as direct ASPCA confirmation is absent for this genus, a cautious rating is applied. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Mouse-ear Hawkweed | Pilosella officinarum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pilosella officinarum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs. As the toxicological status for companion animals is unconfirmed, a mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Mouse-Tail Air Plant | Tillandsia myosura | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this species; the ribbed, slightly succulent leaves contain no known irritants. |
| dead horse arum lily | Helicodiceros muscivorus | tropical | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Helicodiceros is an Araceae member whose tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides — the same toxic principle ASPCA cites for listed aroids. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes oral and throat irritation, burning, drooling, swelling and vomiting. Its foul odour usually deters animals, but keep it away from pets and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| Mpumalanga Cycad | Encephalartos inopinus | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos inopinus are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans, containing cycasin (liver toxin) and BMAA (neurotoxin). Ingestion of any plant part, particularly the seeds, can cause acute liver failure, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and neurological damage. ASPCA lists Encephalartos spp. as toxic to pets. This is a life-threatening emergency — contact a vet or poison control immediately. |
| Mr. Bowling Ball Arborvitae | Thuja occidentalis 'Bobozam' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja occidentalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and essential oil contain thujone, which in sufficient quantity can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and potentially neurological signs in dogs and cats. Prevent ingestion and monitor pets that chew it. |
| Mrs D.F. Maxwell Cornish heath | Erica vagans 'Mrs D.F. Maxwell' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica vagans cultivars including 'Mrs D.F. Maxwell' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in the Erica genus for dogs, cats, or horses. Widely used in public and domestic gardens without recorded pet toxicity. |
| Mops Mugo Pine | Pinus mugo 'Mops' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus mugo is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the ASPCA lists Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) as non-toxic to dogs and cats (toxic only to horses via isocupressic acid), but this cultivar's status is not individually confirmed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sharp needles and sap may cause oral irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed. |
| mugwort | Artemisia vulgaris | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Mugwort contains aromatic essential oils and thujone, and ingestion can cause GI irritation, with tremors or seizures reported at high doses. It is also a notorious allergen. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| muhly grass | Muhlenbergia capillaris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a true grass it has no known systemic toxin, but the fine seed awns can cause mechanical irritation if a pet chews the seed heads heavily. |
| Muir's Rhinephyllum | Rhinephyllum muirii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rhinephyllum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family has no reported toxic principles for pets, and ASPCA-listed family members such as Lithops and ice plant (Lampranthus) are confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Muir's Sage | Salvia muirii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are documented for S. muirii; the menthol-like volatile oils may cause mild oral irritation if large amounts are chewed. |
| Mulanje Cycad | Encephalartos gratus | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species are severely toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. All plant parts contain cycasin (azoxymethanol glycosides) and related toxins causing acute liver failure, haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, neurological signs, and potentially fatal outcomes. ASPCA classifies cycads (Cycas, Zamia, and related genera including Encephalartos) as severely toxic to pets. Immediate emergency veterinary treatment is required after any ingestion. |
| Shangri-La mulberry | Morus nigra 'Shangri-La' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Mulberry Tree (Morus sp.) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with no toxic principle identified. Unripe green berries and the milky sap may cause mild stomach upset, so offer only fully ripe fruit, which is safe for pets in moderation. |
| Illinois Everbearing mulberry | Morus alba × rubra 'Illinois Everbearing' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Morus sp., family Moraceae). Note that the milky sap and unripe (white) fruit can cause mild stomach upset in people and pets if eaten in quantity, so let fruit fully ripen. |
| Mulberry Wine prickly heath | Gaultheria mucronata 'Mulberry Wine' | flowering | Toxic | As with the species, Gaultheria mucronata 'Mulberry Wine' berries and foliage contain compounds toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA but widely documented as toxic by veterinary and horticultural authorities. The magenta berries may be attractive to children and pets — keep away. Seek veterinary advice immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Lance-Leaf Oncidium | Oncidium lanceanum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As an Oncidium species in the Orchidaceae family, the same family the ASPCA clears for Phalaenopsis and other orchids, it carries no toxic principle. The thick leaves can still cause mild stomach upset if chewed, and mounting media may irritate, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Mulu pitcher plant | Nepenthes muluensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes muluensis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no specific toxic principle harmful to cats or dogs has been identified for this species. It is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic due to insufficient data to confirm pet-safety; the pitcher fluid contains digestive enzymes that could irritate a pet's mouth or stomach if ingested. |
| Munby's rock rose | Cistus munbyi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus munbyi is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. No toxic principle specific to this species has been confirmed in veterinary literature. As explicit non-toxic status cannot be verified, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; if pets ingest plant material, monitor for gastrointestinal upset and consult a vet. |
| Mundu | Garcinia dulcis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Garcinia dulcis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases for dogs or cats. Useful Tropical Plants notes no known toxicity for humans. However, Garcinia as a genus is not cleared by ASPCA, so safety for pets cannot be confirmed. Keep pets away from fruit and fallen plant material as a precaution. |
| Mung Bean | Vigna radiata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vigna radiata is a widely consumed human food crop. The genus Vigna is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. Mung bean sprouts and cooked seeds are safe for pets in moderate amounts; large quantities of any raw legume may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Munstead Lavender | Lavandula angustifolia 'Munstead' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with linalool and linalyl acetate as the toxic principles and signs including nausea, vomiting (not in horses), and inappetence. Brief nibbling of the plant typically causes only mild GI upset, but concentrated lavender essential oil poses a greater risk, particularly to cats. |
| Munstead Wood | Rosa 'Munstead Wood' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Rosa). No toxic compounds are present; thorns are the only injury risk. |
| Muscadine grape | Vitis rotundifolia | edible | Toxic | All Vitis species, including muscadine grapes, are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Grape ingestion (fruit, raisins, leaves) has been associated with acute kidney failure in dogs. The exact toxic compound is unknown. Keep all vine parts away from pets. |
| White Magic grape hyacinth | Muscari botryoides 'White Magic' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Grape hyacinth (Muscari) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no toxic principle given for the genus; this white cultivar shares that status. It is considered a pet-safe spring bulb, though eating large amounts of any plant material may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| grape hyacinth | Muscari armeniacum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Muscari armeniacum / grape hyacinth appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list with no listed toxic principle). It is considered a pet-safe spring bulb, though as with any plant, ingesting large quantities of foliage or bulbs may cause mild, non-specific stomach upset. |
| Muscat grape | Vitis vinifera 'Muscat' | edible | Mildly toxic | Vitis vinifera grapes of all cultivars, including Muscat, are listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Grapes and raisins can cause acute kidney failure in dogs; no safe dose threshold has been established. Any grape ingestion in dogs or cats warrants immediate veterinary assessment. |
| Muscat of Alexandria | Vitis vinifera 'Muscat of Alexandria' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis) are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs; grapes and raisins can cause acute kidney failure in dogs in unpredictable amounts, with vomiting, lethargy, and reduced urination as signs. Keep the fruit, dried raisins, and dropped berries away from dogs at all times. |
| Musk Mallow | Malva moschata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Malva moschata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; the wider Malvaceae family (including Hibiscus) is consistently listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. All parts of musk mallow have a long history of culinary and medicinal use in humans with no reported toxicity. |
| Musk Stork's Bill | Erodium moschatum | herb | Mildly toxic | Erodium moschatum is not listed by the ASPCA as a toxic plant, and the Erodium genus has no documented toxic principles for cats or dogs. Although the young leaves are eaten by humans, no formal ASPCA 'non-toxic' confirmation exists for this species, warranting a mildly-toxic classification for pets as a precaution. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if animals consume foliage. |
| Golden Streaks mustard | Brassica juncea 'Golden Streaks' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica juncea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Brassica greens contain glucosinolates and isothiocyanates that can cause gastrointestinal upset, drooling and, in large quantities, anaemia or thyroid effects in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Osaka Purple mustard | Brassica juncea 'Osaka Purple' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists 'White/Black/Yellow Indian Mustard' (Brassica species, Brassicaceae) as toxic to horses, with isothiocyanates as the toxic principle and signs of GI irritation and colic; it is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs. As Brassica juncea, treat 'Osaka Purple' as a caution: large amounts of raw mustard greens can irritate a cat's or dog's GI tract, so feed only sparingly and verify with a vet, and keep horses away from the plants and seed. |
| Red Giant mustard | Brassica juncea var. rugosa 'Red Giant' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists 'White/Black/Yellow Indian Mustard' (Brassica species, family Brassicaceae) as toxic to horses, with isothiocyanates as the toxic principle causing gastrointestinal irritation and colic; it is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs. As Brassica juncea, treat 'Red Giant' as a caution: large amounts of raw mustard greens can irritate the GI tract of cats and dogs, so feed only sparingly and verify with a vet, and keep horses away from the crop and seed. |
| Southern Giant Curled mustard | Brassica juncea var. crispifolia 'Southern Giant Curled' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists 'White/Black/Yellow Indian Mustard' (Brassica species, Brassicaceae) as toxic to horses via isothiocyanates, causing GI irritation and colic; it is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs. As Brassica juncea, treat 'Southern Giant Curled' with caution: large amounts of raw mustard greens can irritate a cat's or dog's GI tract, so feed sparingly and verify with a vet, and keep horses off the plants and seed. |
| Savanna mustard spinach | Brassica rapa var. perviridis 'Savanna' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Brassica rapa green it contains glucosinolates/isothiocyanates that can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats if eaten in quantity; treat with caution and verify with a vet for pets. |
| Muster-John-Henry | Tagetes minuta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tagetes species are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs and cats due to thiophene compounds in the foliage and sap. T. minuta contains high concentrations of essential oils (including dihydrotagetone and ocimenone) that may cause gastrointestinal upset or contact dermatitis in pets and sensitive humans. The plant is not individually listed by ASPCA but falls under the Tagetes genus advisory. |
| Mutton bird sedge | Carex trifida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Carex trifida is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Myanmar purple ginger | Zingiber ottensii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Zingiber ottensii is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. In the absence of a species-specific safety clearance the plant is classified here as mildly-toxic; ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Myretoun Ruby Winter Heath | Erica carnea 'Myretoun Ruby' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica carnea is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. 'Myretoun Ruby' shares the non-toxic profile of the species; no toxic alkaloids or glycosides have been identified in Erica carnea. As with any plant material, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but there is no known toxic principle. |
| Parrot's Feather | Myriophyllum aquaticum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Myriophyllum aquaticum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is sold as an aquarium and pond oxygenator without a known severe toxicity, but it carries no formal ASPCA non-toxic rating and should not be assumed pet-safe. |
| Eurasian Watermilfoil | Myriophyllum spicatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Myriophyllum spicatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain. Treat with caution as a non-food plant, discourage pets and livestock from grazing it, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Blue Candle Cactus | Myrtillocactus geometrizans | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Myrtillocactus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Cactaceae have no recognised toxic principle and ASPCA-listed cacti (Echinopsis, Schlumbergera) are non-toxic, but because this genus is not specifically confirmed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. The black spines are a mechanical hazard to pets, and ingesting stem tissue may cause mild vomiting or GI upset. |
| Mysore trumpetvine | Thunbergia mysorensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thunbergia is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA for dogs, cats, or horses. The genus has no established toxic principle. Considered pet-safe based on available evidence, though ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Mystery Gardenia | Gardenia jasminoides 'Mystery' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | ASPCA explicitly lists Gardenia jasminoides as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles are genioposide and gardenoside (iridoid glycosides), causing mild vomiting, diarrhoea, and hives. Symptoms are typically mild and self-limiting but seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| nagi podocarp | Nageia nagi | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Formerly placed in Podocarpus (a genus the ASPCA lists as toxic) but now in the related genus Nageia within Podocarpaceae; its status is uncertain. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Nahanni Fern | Gymnocarpium jessoense | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gymnocarpium jessoense is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle; related Gymnocarpium species are generally considered non-toxic, but because this species lacks an individual ASPCA listing, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. |
| Nahoum's Alcantarea | Alcantarea nahoumii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Alcantarea is a member of the family Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Naked Bamboo | Fargesia denudata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fargesia bamboos are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboos in general are not known to contain toxic principles harmful to cats or dogs, and the genus has no reported toxicity. |
| Naked Crocus | Crocus nudiflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | A true Crocus (Iridaceae) that causes mild gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, drooling) in dogs and cats if ingested, per Pet Poison Helpline data on Crocus spp. It is not the severely toxic Colchicum (which shares common name 'autumn crocus'). ASPCA does not list C. nudiflorus individually; the family-level assessment indicates mild GI irritation only. |
| Nam Doc Mai mango | Mangifera indica 'Nam Doc Mai' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The mango tree (Mangifera indica) is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats, and mango foliage and ripe flesh are generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. Caveats: the skin and unripe sap contain urushiol (the poison-ivy allergen) and can cause contact dermatitis, and the large pit is a choking and obstruction hazard, so discourage pets from chewing seeds or peel. |
| Namaqualand Sage | Salvia namaensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are documented for S. namaensis; large quantities of foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Dwarf Golden Hinoki Cypress | Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Lutea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic foliage contains volatile oils and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. |
| Transvaal dwarf mesemb | Nananthus transvaalensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Nananthus transvaalensis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so we treat its status as uncertain and advise verifying with a vet before relying on it around pets. Related listed Aizoaceae genera (Ice Plant/Lampranthus, Dinteranthus) are ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, but without a species-level listing we do not label this plant pet-safe. |
| Nance | Byrsonima crassifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Byrsonima crassifolia (Nance) is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Malpighiaceae, a family with no widely documented toxic principles for companion animals. The fruit is extensively consumed by humans and wildlife with no reported toxicity. No known toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or irritant compounds are documented for this species. Reasonable caution is advised as with any unfamiliar plant, but it is not considered toxic. |
| Firepower Nandina | Nandina domestica 'Firepower' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Nandina (Nandina domestica) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides; signs include weakness, incoordination, seizures, coma, and respiratory failure (death rare in pets). 'Firepower' seldom fruits, but all plant parts contain the compounds — keep pets away. |
| Gulf Stream Nandina | Nandina domestica 'Gulf Stream' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Nandina (heavenly bamboo) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides, which release cyanide when the plant tissue is chewed and digested; signs include weakness, incoordination, seizures, respiratory distress, and rarely death. The berries are the chief hazard, so this low-fruiting cultivar is safer but still toxic; keep it away from pets. |
| Harbour Dwarf Nandina | Nandina domestica 'Harbour Dwarf' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Nandina (Nandina domestica) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides; clinical signs include weakness, incoordination, seizures, coma, and respiratory failure (death rare in pets). All parts, including any red berries this cultivar produces, should be kept away from pets. |
| big blue lilyturf | Liriope muscari 'Big Blue' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed under the common name Turf Lily, Liriope muscari, family Asparagaceae). As with any plant, eating large amounts of the foliage or berries may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, but it is not chemically poisonous. |
| Obsessed Nandina | Nandina domestica 'Seika' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Nandina (Nandina domestica) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides; signs include weakness, incoordination, seizures, coma, and respiratory failure (death rare in pets). Although fruiting is sparse on this compact cultivar, all parts are toxic — keep away from pets. |
| Nanking cherry | Prunus tomentosa | edible | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The ASPCA classifies Prunus species as toxic; the stems, leaves, and seeds (pits) contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, especially in wilting foliage. Signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting, and shock. The ripe flesh is edible for people, but keep pets away from prunings and pits. |
| Mazari palm | Nannorrhops ritchiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Nannorrhops is absent from the ASPCA database; true palms are generally regarded as non-toxic, but without species or genus grounding we treat it as uncertain. The stiff, sharp-edged fronds can mechanically injure mouth tissue and ingested plant matter may cause vomiting. Verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| nannyberry | Viburnum lentago | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viburnum lentago berries are edible for humans when fully ripe but Viburnum species are not confirmed pet-safe by ASPCA. Unripe fruit and foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats. Prevent pets from consuming the fruit. |
| Nantes Carrot | Daucus carota 'Nantes' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daucus carota (carrot) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Nantes carrot roots, tops, and seeds pose no toxicity risk to humans or companion animals. |
| Nantes carrot | Daucus carota subsp. sativus 'Nantes 2' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The carrot (Daucus carota) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list (as 'Carrot Flower'). Both root and tops are safe; raw carrot makes a healthy treat, cut to a safe size for the pet. |
| naomi hakone grass | Hakonechloa macra 'Naomi' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hakonechloa macra is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingesting the coarse, silica-rich blades may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, or drooling in pets. |
| Bilko napa cabbage | Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 'Bilko' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Napa cabbage (Brassica rapa) is a cultivated vegetable not individually listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and small amounts of cooked cabbage are commonly fed to dogs. Large quantities of raw cruciferous greens may cause gas, GI upset and goitrogenic effects, so offer only in moderation. |
| Blues napa cabbage | Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 'Blues' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Napa cabbage (Brassica rapa) is not individually listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and small amounts of cooked cabbage are commonly fed to dogs. Large quantities of raw cruciferous greens may cause gas, GI upset and goitrogenic effects, so offer only in moderation. |
| Minuet napa cabbage | Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 'Minuet' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Napa cabbage (Brassica rapa) is not individually listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and small amounts of cooked cabbage are generally safe for dogs. Large amounts of raw cruciferous greens can cause flatulence, GI upset and goitrogenic effects, so feed only sparingly. |
| Naples cotton lavender | Santolina neapolitana | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina neapolitana is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats or dogs. The aromatic volatile oils characteristic of all Santolina species can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis if large quantities are ingested or the bruised foliage contacts sensitive skin; treat as mildly toxic around pets. |
| Naranjilla | Solanum quitoense | tropical | Mildly toxic | Solanum quitoense is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of the nightshade genus Solanum its leaves and unripe green fruit contain solanine and related glycoalkaloids that are toxic if eaten, causing hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy in pets. Treat the foliage and unripe fruit as toxic and keep pets away; verify with a vet. |
| February Gold daffodil | Narcissus 'February Gold' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic lycorine-type alkaloids are concentrated in the bulb, with calcium oxalate crystals present too; signs of ingestion include vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhoea, and in larger doses tremors, hypotension and cardiac irregularity. |
| Hawera daffodil | Narcissus 'Hawera' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulbs contain the highest concentration of lycorine and other alkaloids, with calcium oxalate crystals also present; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and with large amounts, convulsions, low blood pressure, tremors and cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Ice Follies daffodil | Narcissus 'Ice Follies' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts hold lycorine and other alkaloids, concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and with larger amounts abdominal pain, convulsions and cardiac arrhythmia. |
| Jetfire daffodil | Narcissus 'Jetfire' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain lycorine and other alkaloids, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and in large amounts abdominal pain, tremors and cardiac arrhythmia. Crystals add tissue irritation. |
| Minnow daffodil | Narcissus 'Minnow' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats and dogs. The bulb holds the highest level of lycorine and related alkaloids, plus calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling and diarrhoea, with tremors, low blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias possible at higher doses. |
| Pipit daffodil | Narcissus 'Pipit' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts hold lycorine and other alkaloids, concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and with larger amounts abdominal pain, convulsions and cardiac arrhythmia. |
| Tahiti daffodil | Narcissus 'Tahiti' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain lycorine and related alkaloids, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and with larger amounts abdominal pain, tremors and cardiac arrhythmia. |
| Tete-a-Tete daffodil | Narcissus 'Tete-a-Tete' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts hold lycorine and related alkaloids, concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and with larger amounts abdominal pain, convulsions and cardiac arrhythmia. Keep potted bulbs away from pets. |
| Thalia daffodil | Narcissus 'Thalia' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Narcissus as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain lycorine and other alkaloids, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and in larger amounts abdominal pain, tremors and cardiac arrhythmia. |
| Nardoo | Marsilea mutica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Marsilea quadrifolia and Marsilea hirsuta as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Marsilea mutica is the same genus and shares the same lack of known toxic principles. The genus contains thiaminase, an enzyme that breaks down vitamin B1, but this is only of practical concern for livestock consuming very large quantities over extended periods — incidental pet contact is not a documented risk. Regarded as non-toxic for cats and dogs. |
| Narrow Holly Fern | Cyrtomium lonchitoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Cyrtomium genus is confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (for C. falcatum). C. lonchitoides belongs to the same genus and contains no known toxic principles. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but family (Dryopteridaceae) poses no reported toxic risk. |
| Narrow Rib Cereus | Cereus stenogonus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cereus stenogonus is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Cereus has no documented alkaloid or oxalate toxicity, but the sharp spines pose a physical injury risk to pets and children. Ingestion of cactus flesh may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. Treat with caution around curious pets. |
| narrow small-reed | Calamagrostis stricta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calamagrostis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts of foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| narrow-leaf bird of paradise | Strelitzia juncea | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Strelitzia as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; toxic principles are GI irritants concentrated particularly in the fruit and seeds, including tannins and cyanogenic glycosides. Clinical signs include nausea, vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and drowsiness. Strelitzia juncea belongs to the same genus and carries the same risk. Contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) or a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| narrow-leaf coneflower | Echinacea angustifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Echinacea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any plant, eating large amounts of foliage may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset, but no systemic toxicity is documented for the genus. |
| Narrow-leaf Dioon | Dioon angustifolium | tropical | Toxic | Dioon angustifolium, like all cycads (Zamiaceae), contains cycasin and macrozamin — potent hepatotoxins and neurotoxins. All plant parts are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans; seeds are most dangerous. ASPCA classifies the cycad family as severely toxic to pets. Any ingestion warrants immediate emergency veterinary treatment. |
| Narrow-Leaf Fountain Bamboo | Fargesia spathacea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fargesia spathacea is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboos are not associated with toxic principles harmful to pets. This species is considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Narrow-leaf Zamia | Zamia angustifolia | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia angustifolia are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. The plant contains cycasin and BMAA, causing liver failure, neurological damage, and potentially death upon ingestion. ASPCA lists Zamia spp. as toxic to pets. Seeds are particularly hazardous. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingested. |
| Mexican zinnia | Zinnia angustifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Zinnia species, family Asteraceae). No toxic principles are listed; only mild, self-limiting stomach upset is possible if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Narrow-Leaved Ash | Fraxinus angustifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fraxinus angustifolia is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. No toxic compounds have been documented in this species. Fraxinus genus members generally pose no poisoning risk to companion animals. |
| Narrow-leaved Biarum | Biarum tenuifolium | flowering | Toxic | Member of the Araceae family; all Biarum species are presumed to contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides characteristic of aroids. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has the same toxic profile as related aroid genera. Treat as toxic: keep away from pets and children. Ingestion likely causes oral burning, drooling, and gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Narrow-Leaved Evening Primrose | Oenothera fruticosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oenothera fruticosa (Onagraceae) is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. It should not be confused with Primula (common primrose, Primulaceae) which is toxic to pets. No toxic principles are known for Oenothera sundrops. |
| Narrow-leaved Everlasting Pea | Lathyrus sylvestris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Seeds and foliage contain lathyrogen toxic amino acids, principally beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), which interfere with collagen cross-linking and cause lathyrism — neurological and vascular damage with prolonged large-quantity ingestion. ASPCA records primary toxicity to horses; the related Lathyrus latifolius is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs for typical exposure levels. Prevent pets from eating seeds; classified as mildly-toxic given the shared genus profile. |
| Narrow-leaved Fockea | Fockea angustifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | As a member of Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae), Fockea angustifolia may contain latex and steroidal glycosides typical of the family. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic and keep the plant out of reach of pets and children. |
| Narrow-leaved Gentian | Gentiana angustifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gentiana is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles reported in veterinary literature and is widely considered safe for pets and humans. |
| Narrow-leaved Glade Fern | Diplazium pycnocarpon | flowering | Mildly toxic | Diplazium pycnocarpon is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle; related Diplazium species are generally considered non-toxic, but because this species lacks an individual ASPCA listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Narrow-leaved pitcher plant | Nepenthes stenophylla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes stenophylla is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No significant toxic compounds have been identified for the genus Nepenthes, and specialist carnivorous plant sources consistently report non-toxicity to pets; however, the absence of a formal ASPCA non-toxic listing requires the precautionary 'mildly-toxic' classification here. Mild digestive upset is the most likely consequence of ingestion. |
| Narrow-leaved sage | Salvia stenophylla | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; consumption of large amounts may cause mild digestive upset but is not considered life-threatening. |
| Narrow-Leaved Spleenwort | Athyrium pycnocarpon | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium pycnocarpon is in the family Athyriaceae; true ferns in this family have no known toxic principle to dogs or cats. ASPCA lists the closely related Asplenium (spleenwort) genus as non-toxic. Athyrium is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been reported for this genus. |
| Narrow-leaved Water Plantain | Alisma lanceolatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Alisma lanceolatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, Alisma species contain acrid, irritant compounds (alisols and proto-anemonin-like substances) that can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation if ingested raw. These substances are partly broken down on drying. As the ASPCA listing is absent and irritant compounds are documented in the genus, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Keep pets away from the foliage and roots. |
| Narrow-petal Frangipani | Plumeria stenopetala | tropical | Toxic | Contains the same toxic milky latex sap found across the Plumeria genus throughout its bark, stems, and leaves. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and gastrointestinal irritation in dogs, cats, and humans. ASPCA lists the Plumeria genus as toxic. Handle with gloves — sap can irritate skin and eyes. |
| Narrowleaf gazania | Gazania linearis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gazania linearis, like other Gazania species, is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Asteraceae family can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis in some pets and people. This species is classified as mildly toxic out of caution, as it has not been individually cleared as non-toxic by ASPCA. |
| Narrowleaf Milkweed | Asclepias stenophylla | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias spp.) as toxic to dogs and cats. Narrow-leaved Asclepias species in particular are associated with neurotoxic cardenolide compounds that cause tremors, incoordination, and weakness in addition to gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, drooling); cardiac effects including arrhythmia are also possible with significant ingestion. |
| Narrowleaf mountain mint | Pycnanthemum tenuifolium | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pycnanthemum tenuifolium is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Like other mountain mints, the aromatic foliage contains essential oils (including thymol and carvacrol) at low concentrations considered non-toxic to pets; very large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Indian cress | Tropaeolum majus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tropaeolum majus is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe and edible. |
| Variegated nasturtium | Tropaeolum majus 'Alaska' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and it is edible for people. It is unrelated to the toxic watercress (Nasturtium officinale) despite the shared common name; this true nasturtium carries no recognised pet poisoning risk. |
| Garden nasturtium | Tropaeolum majus 'Empress of India' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is also edible for people. Do not confuse it with watercress (Nasturtium officinale), an unrelated plant the ASPCA lists as toxic; this true nasturtium poses no recognised pet poisoning risk. |
| Watercress | Nasturtium officinale | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Nasturtium officinale (watercress) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with gastrointestinal irritants as the toxic principle; reported signs are mild vomiting and diarrhoea. Despite being a popular human salad green, it should be kept away from pets, and the ASPCA poison line (888-426-4435) or a vet should be contacted if a pet ingests it. |
| Natai Palm | Dypsis pinnatifrons | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis pinnatifrons is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to the Dypsis genus and Arecaceae family, which includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic palms such as D. lutescens (areca palm). No toxic principles are documented for this species or genus. |
| Natal Cycad | Encephalartos natalensis | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species are severely toxic. They contain cycasin and macrozamin, potent cycad glycosides causing liver failure and neurological damage. The ASPCA lists cycads (Cycas and related genera) as severely toxic to dogs and cats — ingestion, particularly of seeds, can be fatal. Keep all parts strictly away from pets and children. |
| Natal Grass Cycad | Stangeria eriopus | tropical | Toxic | Stangeria eriopus contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside) and related azoxyglycoside toxins characteristic of all cycads. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatotoxicity, and neurological signs in dogs and cats. The tuberous root was historically used in traditional Zulu medicine but is dangerously toxic without specialist preparation. ASPCA classifies cycad-family plants as toxic; Stangeria shares the same toxic mechanism. |
| Natal Lily | Clivia miniata | houseplant | Toxic | Confirmed toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database — Clivia Lily entry). Toxic principles are lycorine and related Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, which cause vomiting, salivation, and diarrhoea; large ingestions can cause convulsions, low blood pressure, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias. The bulb and rhizome are the most toxic parts. Unlike true lilies (Lilium spp.), Clivia miniata does not cause acute renal failure in cats, but it remains a serious hazard. Contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Natal Plum Bonsai | Carissa macrocarpa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (Natal plum, Carissa grandiflora/macrocarpa). The ripe fruit is edible to people; note that the unripe fruit, leaves, and milky sap contain cardiac glycosides and should not be eaten, so still discourage pets from chewing foliage. |
| Natal sundew | Drosera natalensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. The sticky mucilage is a passive insect trap with no reported chemical hazard to pets or people. |
| Nathalie's ramonda | Ramonda nathaliae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ramonda nathaliae is a member of Gesneriaceae. The ASPCA lists numerous Gesneriaceae genera as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Ramonda is not individually listed by ASPCA but no toxic principles are documented for this or closely related genera. |
| Naumann's wax plant | Hoya naumannii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya (wax plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya naumannii is not individually listed, but the genus is consistently considered non-toxic; mild digestive upset may occur if large quantities are eaten. |
| Lynch's nautilocalyx | Nautilocalyx lynchii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nautilocalyx lynchii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Nautilocalyx has no established toxic principle; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Navel orange | Citrus sinensis 'Navel' | edible | Mildly toxic | As Citrus sinensis, Navel orange is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Essential oils and psoralens in the foliage, rind, and stems cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and possible dermatitis. Small amounts of fruit flesh pose minor risk, but the plant as a whole should be kept away from pets. |
| Washington navel orange | Citrus sinensis 'Washington' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists orange (Citrus sinensis) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens concentrated in the peel, leaves, stems and seeds. Signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and potential photosensitive dermatitis. The peeled flesh is far lower risk, but keep pets from gnawing peel or leaves. |
| Navelwort | Umbilicus rupestris | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Umbilicus rupestris is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Historically it has been used in folk medicine as a topical herb, but the leaves contain compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in large quantities. Treat with caution around pets and children; not considered severely toxic. |
| neanthe bella palm | Chamaedorea elegans 'Bella' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Parlor Palm / Chamaedorea elegans, individually verified on both the cat-safe and dog-safe databases). One of the safest choices for pet households. Note that the unrelated sago palm (Cycas revoluta) is highly toxic, so always confirm the botanical name when buying a 'palm'. |
| Nearly Wild | Rosa 'Nearly Wild' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosa species are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thorns are the only practical hazard, so discourage pets from chewing the canes. |
| Neat Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum lepidum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Bulbophyllum appendiculatum (Old World Orchid) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. B. lepidum is not individually assessed but belongs to the same genus, in which no toxic principle has been documented. Mild gastric upset is possible if large quantities of plant material are eaten. |
| Neblina sun pitcher | Heliamphora neblinae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heliamphora species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Carnivorous pitcher plants in this genus have no known toxic compounds and are considered safe around pets, though ingestion of large quantities of plant material is always inadvisable. |
| Lord Napier nectarine | Prunus persica var. nucipersica 'Lord Napier' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Prunus (peach/nectarine) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, twigs, and the stone/kernel contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed, causing brick-red gums, dilated pupils, panting, and shock. The ripe flesh is not the hazard — pits and wilted foliage are. |
| Nedda's wax plant | Hoya nedda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya (wax plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya nedda is not individually assessed, but the genus is consistently regarded as non-toxic; ingestion of large amounts may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Needle grass | Stipa capillata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Stipa capillata is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The species is not known to contain systemic toxic compounds, but the extremely sharp, barbed awns (needles) pose a significant physical hazard to dogs and cats: the sharp awns can penetrate skin, ears, eyes, nostrils, and paws, and migrate into tissue causing injury, pain, and infection. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure given the physical injury risk and absence of confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing; verify with a veterinarian if ingestion or physical injury occurs. |
| Blue Palmetto | Rhapidophyllum hystrix | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rhapidophyllum hystrix is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and its genus is not specifically classified, so treat it as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe and check with a vet. The greater practical hazard is mechanical: the long, sharp needle-like spines at the leaf bases can cause puncture injuries to curious pets and people. |
| Neglected Air Plant | Tillandsia neglecta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are present; occasional nibbling by pets may result only in mild stomach upset from ingesting non-digestible plant fibre. |
| neglected ginger | Zingiber neglectum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Zingiber neglectum is not individually assessed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. In the absence of a species-specific clearance, this plant is classified as mildly-toxic; ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Consult a veterinarian if a pet has eaten any part of the plant. |
| Neglected Pink | Dianthus pavonius | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dianthus (Pinks) as toxic to both dogs and cats. Toxic principle is an unknown irritant; clinical signs include mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) and mild dermatitis. Contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Neli's Rhombophyllum | Rhombophyllum nelii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Rhombophyllum nelii belongs to Aizoaceae and is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other mesembs, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets or children. No severe toxic principle has been documented, but caution is advised. |
| Neli's Tongue Plant | Glottiphyllum nelii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Glottiphyllum nelii belongs to Aizoaceae and is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other mesembs, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, loose stools) in cats, dogs, or children. No severe toxic principle is documented, but keep the plant out of reach as a precaution. |
| Baby Doll Dwarf Lotus | Nelumbo 'Baby Doll' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Nelumbo cultivar it is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, so pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pets to access it. |
| Momo Botan Dwarf Lotus | Nelumbo 'Momo Botan' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Nelumbo cultivar it is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before letting pets access it. |
| Mrs. Perry D. Slocum Lotus | Nelumbo 'Mrs. Perry D. Slocum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Nelumbo cultivar it is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, so pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pets to chew or ingest any part. |
| American Lotus | Nelumbo lutea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nelumbo is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pets access. Seeds and rhizomes are eaten by people but ingestion by pets has not been cleared as safe. |
| Sacred Lotus | Nelumbo nucifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nelumbo nucifera is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Although the rhizome and seeds are eaten by people and the plant is widely regarded as low-risk, the absence of an ASPCA listing means pet-safety cannot be asserted; assume ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset. |
| cheerio goldfish plant | Nematanthus 'Cheerio' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (the goldfish/candy-corn plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Large nibbles of any houseplant can still cause mild, passing stomach upset, so it is best kept out of reach of determined chewers. |
| freckles goldfish plant | Nematanthus 'Freckles' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (goldfish/candy-corn plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with all houseplants, a pet eating a large amount may have mild, short-lived digestive upset, so casual nibbling is best discouraged. |
| Clog Plant | Nematanthus gregarius 'Tropicana' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nematanthus is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but it is a member of the Gesneriaceae family alongside ASPCA-listed non-toxic relatives (African violet, gloxinia, lipstick plant) and goldfish plants are widely considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Discourage chewing, since any plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and check with a vet if a pet has eaten some. |
| miniature goldfish plant | Nematanthus wettsteinii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (goldfish/candy-corn plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Eating large amounts of any houseplant can still cause mild, temporary stomach upset, so it is sensible to deter persistent chewers. |
| Sunsatia Cranberry Nemesia | Nemesia × hybrida 'Sunsatia Cranberry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nemesia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and carries no recognised toxic principle; Cape jewels is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As it is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat as pet-safe but unconfirmed, with at most mild digestive upset expected if foliage is eaten. |
| Poetry Blue Nemesia | Nemesia strumosa 'Poetry Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nemesia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and has no recognised toxic principle; Cape jewels is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As it is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat as pet-safe but unconfirmed, with only mild stomach upset likely if foliage is eaten in quantity. |
| chartreuse pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Neon' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Epipremnum aureum as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. |
| charm neoregelia | Neoregelia 'Charm' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Neoregelia (sometimes listed as blushing bromeliad) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. No systemic toxin is present; the worst likely effect from chewing is mild, transient stomach upset, with minor irritation possible from the toothed leaf margins. |
| Fireball Bromeliad | Neoregelia 'Fireball' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Neoregelia belongs to the non-toxic Bromeliaceae family recognised by the ASPCA (which lists the related Blushing Bromeliad as non-toxic), so 'Fireball' is safe around pets. |
| painted lady bromeliad | Neoregelia 'Painted Lady' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a Neoregelia hybrid it follows the ASPCA classification of the genus Neoregelia (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. The leaf margins bear fine teeth, so the only practical concern is minor mechanical irritation from chewing, not poisoning. |
| miniature neoregelia | Neoregelia ampullacea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Neoregelia (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. The small leaves have only fine marginal teeth, so risk is limited to minor mechanical irritation if chewed rather than poisoning. |
| bullseye bromeliad | Neoregelia concentrica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Neoregelia (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. The broad leaves are spine-edged, so guard against mechanical scratches; the plant itself poses no poisoning risk if a pet nibbles it. |
| bloody neoregelia | Neoregelia cruenta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the genus Neoregelia (Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. The leaf margins of this species carry pronounced spines, so the real hazard is mechanical scratching rather than poisoning; site it out of reach of curious pets. |
| fingernail plant | Neoregelia spectabilis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Neoregelia (family Bromeliaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. Note the practical caveat: the firm, finely toothed leaf margins can scratch a pet's mouth, and chewing may cause mild mechanical irritation. |
| Miranda pitcher plant | Nepenthes × 'Miranda' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the related California pitcher plant is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Nepenthes has no known toxic principle - it is widely regarded as pet-safe. Chewing leaves or pitcher fluid can still cause mild stomach upset, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Hooker's Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes × hookeriana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database; only Darlingtonia californica (a different genus) appears, listed as non-toxic. Without ASPCA verification for Nepenthes, treat it with caution: chewing foliage or swallowing acidic pitcher fluid may cause mild oral or digestive irritation. Verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Flask-shaped pitcher plant | Nepenthes ampullaria | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the related carnivorous Darlingtonia californica (family Sarraceniaceae) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and carnivorous-plant horticulture reports no demonstrated toxicity. Pitcher fluid holds mild digestive enzymes that may cause minor, transient stomach upset if chewed. Considered low-risk; keep out of reach and consult a vet if a pet swallows pitcher fluid. |
| Shield-leaved Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes clipeata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database (only the related Darlingtonia californica, the California pitcher plant, is listed as non-toxic). Because this genus is unverified by the ASPCA, treat it with caution: chewing leaves or the acidic pitcher fluid may cause mild mouth or stomach irritation. Verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Copeland's Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes copelandii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It does not appear on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists — treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any plant, chewing the foliage or swallowing pitcher fluid can cause mild GI upset or vomiting. |
| Doubtful Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes dubia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the related California Pitcher Plant is ASPCA non-toxic and tropical pitchers are generally regarded as low-risk. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and pitcher fluid can irritate. Verify with a vet if a pet eats any. |
| Edwards' Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes edwardsiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database (only Darlingtonia californica, a different genus, appears, as non-toxic). Lacking ASPCA verification for Nepenthes, treat it with caution: chewing leaves or swallowing acidic pitcher fluid may cause mild oral or digestive irritation. Verify with a vet before treating as pet-safe. |
| Hooked Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes hamata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The related California pitcher plant is ASPCA non-toxic and veterinary sources generally regard Nepenthes as non-toxic, with at most mild GI upset from chewing or pitcher fluid. Because this species is unconfirmed, keep its spiny pitchers out of pets' reach. |
| Unarmed Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes inermis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the related California Pitcher Plant is ASPCA non-toxic and tropical pitchers are broadly regarded as low-risk. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and pitcher fluid can irritate. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests any. |
| Large-leaved Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes macrophylla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database; only the unrelated-genus California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica) is listed as non-toxic. With no ASPCA verification for this genus, treat it cautiously: ingestion of foliage or acidic pitcher fluid may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Confirm with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Merrill's Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes merrilliana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The only Sarraceniaceae pitcher plant the ASPCA lists, Darlingtonia, is unrelated to this genus and Nepenthes itself does not appear on the ASPCA list — treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild stomach upset or vomiting from the plant matter and acidic pitcher fluid. |
| Mike's Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes mikei | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the related California Pitcher Plant is ASPCA non-toxic and tropical pitchers are generally considered low-risk. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and pitcher fluid can irritate. Verify with a vet if a pet eats any. |
| Miranda Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes 'Miranda' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The related California pitcher plant is ASPCA non-toxic and most veterinary guidance regards Nepenthes as non-toxic, with chewing or pitcher fluid causing at most mild GI upset. Because this hybrid's status is unconfirmed, keep pitchers out of pets' reach. |
| Cloud Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes nebularum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database (only Darlingtonia californica, a separate genus, is listed, as non-toxic). With no ASPCA verification for Nepenthes, treat it cautiously: ingestion of leaves or acidic pitcher fluid may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Confirm with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| North's Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes northiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database; only Darlingtonia californica (a separate genus) appears, listed as non-toxic. With no ASPCA verification for Nepenthes, treat it cautiously: ingestion of foliage or acidic pitcher fluid may cause mild stomach upset. Confirm with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Raffles' Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes rafflesiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The related California pitcher plant (Sarraceniaceae) is ASPCA non-toxic and most veterinary sources consider Nepenthes non-toxic, with chewing causing at most mild stomach upset from the digestive pitcher fluid. As status is not confirmed for this species, keep pitchers away from curious pets. |
| Giant montane pitcher plant | Nepenthes rajah | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the related carnivorous pitcher plant Darlingtonia californica (family Sarraceniaceae) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and carnivorous-plant horticultural consensus reports no demonstrated toxicity. Pitcher fluid contains only mild digestive enzymes and may cause minor, self-limiting stomach upset if chewed. Treat as low-risk but keep out of reach and verify with a vet if a pet ingests pitcher fluid. |
| Rob Cantley's Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes robcantleyi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The related California pitcher plant is ASPCA non-toxic and veterinary consensus regards Nepenthes as non-toxic, with at most mild stomach upset from chewing or contact with pitcher fluid. As this species is unconfirmed, keep its large pitchers away from pets. |
| red pitcher plant | Nepenthes sanguinea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; only the unrelated California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia) is listed there as non-toxic. Treat as uncertain — the pitcher fluid and chewed foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and a wrong 'safe' label is a real risk. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Sibuyan Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes sibuyanensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database; only the unrelated California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica) is listed there, as non-toxic. Without ASPCA verification for Nepenthes, treat it with caution: chewing foliage or acidic pitcher fluid may cause mild oral or digestive irritation. Verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Spathulate Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes spathulata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The related California pitcher plant is ASPCA non-toxic and veterinary sources generally regard Nepenthes as non-toxic, with chewing or pitcher fluid causing at most mild GI upset. Because this species is unconfirmed, keep its pitchers out of pets' reach. |
| Talang Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes talangensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA database; the related California Pitcher Plant is ASPCA non-toxic and tropical pitcher plants are widely regarded as low-risk. Treat as uncertain: nibbling may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and pitcher fluid can irritate. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Tentacled Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes tentaculata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA (only the unrelated California Pitcher Plant, Darlingtonia, appears and is non-toxic). Treat as uncertain and verify with a vet; the pitcher fluid and trapped-insect contents may cause mild stomach upset if a pet drinks from or chews a pitcher. |
| Slender Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes tenuis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the related California Pitcher Plant is ASPCA non-toxic and tropical pitchers are broadly considered low-risk. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and pitcher fluid can irritate. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests any. |
| Truncate pitcher plant | Nepenthes truncata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the related carnivorous Darlingtonia californica (family Sarraceniaceae) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and carnivorous-plant sources report no demonstrated toxicity. Pitcher fluid contains only mild digestive enzymes and may cause minor, self-limiting GI upset if chewed. Low-risk overall; keep out of reach and check with a vet if a pet ingests pitcher contents. |
| Veitch's Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes veitchii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The related California pitcher plant is ASPCA non-toxic and veterinary consensus treats Nepenthes as non-toxic, with at most mild stomach upset from chewing or pitcher fluid. As this species is not individually confirmed, keep the pitchers away from pets. |
| Hairy Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes villosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The related California pitcher plant is ASPCA non-toxic and veterinary consensus regards Nepenthes as non-toxic, with at most mild stomach upset from chewing or pitcher fluid. As this species is unconfirmed, keep its pitchers away from pets. |
| Six Hills Giant catmint | Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Catnip (Nepeta cataria), the type species of this genus, as toxic to cats, with nepetalactone as the toxic principle causing vomiting, diarrhoea and either sedation or stimulation. As a Nepeta, 'Six Hills Giant' should be treated the same; verify any individual concern with a vet. Most cats are attracted to and only mildly affected by catmint. |
| Walker's Low catmint | Nepeta × faassenii 'Walker's Low' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Catmint/catnip (Nepeta) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, but the ASPCA notes its compound nepetalactone can cause vomiting and diarrhea if a cat eats a large amount, and it may sedate or stimulate cats. Treated here as mildly toxic given that GI-upset caveat; not dangerous in normal exposure. |
| Blue Wonder catmint | Nepeta racemosa 'Blue Wonder' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Catmint/catnip (Nepeta) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, but the ASPCA notes its compound nepetalactone can cause vomiting and diarrhea if a cat eats a large amount, and it may sedate or stimulate cats. Treated here as mildly toxic for that GI-upset caveat; not dangerous in normal exposure. |
| Siberian catmint | Nepeta sibirica 'Souvenir d'André Chaudron' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Catnip (Nepeta cataria), the genus type species, as toxic to cats, with nepetalactone causing vomiting, diarrhoea and either sedation or stimulation. As a Nepeta, 'Souvenir d'André Chaudron' should be treated the same; verify any specific concern with a vet. Cats are typically attracted to it and only mildly affected. |
| Nero black chokeberry | Aronia melanocarpa 'Nero' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aronia melanocarpa is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. 'Nero' berries are widely consumed by humans in juices, jams, and dietary supplements. 'Chokeberry' refers to the tart, astringent raw taste, not toxicity. Large quantities of any fruit may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Nerved Catmint | Nepeta nervosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta nervosa is not individually listed by ASPCA but is a member of the non-toxic Nepeta genus with no identified toxic compounds. Based on genus-level ASPCA guidance, it is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Nest Air Plant | Tillandsia nidus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset from plant material but no toxic compounds are present. |
| Nesting Masdevallia | Masdevallia nidifica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are known for this genus. |
| net-vein camellia | Camellia reticulata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Camellia reticulata is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other Camellia species, the genus contains trace caffeine-related alkaloids. Ingestion of foliage or seeds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. ASPCA lists Camellia japonica as non-toxic, and C. reticulata is in the same genus; however, out of caution, prevent pets from consuming plant material regularly. |
| Netted Chain Fern | Lorinseria areolata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. It is a true fern (Blechnaceae, the chain-fern family), and the ASPCA notes most true ferns are non-toxic to cats and dogs, so the risk is considered low. However, because this species and genus are not individually verified by the ASPCA, treat with caution, prevent nibbling, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Netted Chain Fern | Woodwardia areolata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Woodwardia areolata is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Blechnaceae, a true fern family with no documented toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. No toxic compounds have been identified in this or closely related Woodwardia species. |
| Netted Iris | Iris reticulata | flowering | Toxic | All Iris species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic agents are pentacyclic terpenoids with the highest concentration in rhizomes and bulbs. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea. The NCSU Extension also notes contact dermatitis from the sap. |
| Netted Muskmelon | Cucumis melo var. reticulatus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucumis melo (melon) including netted muskmelon/cantaloupe is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA (listed under 'Casaba Melon'). Flesh is safe and enjoyed by many pets. Remove seeds and rind before feeding to pets to avoid choking risk. |
| Nettle-leaved Bellflower | Campanula trachelium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no toxic principles have been documented for this genus. |
| Nettle-leaved Mullein | Verbascum chaixii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Verbascum chaixii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other mullein species, it contains saponins and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. The hairy foliage can also irritate skin. Not considered severely hazardous but treat with caution around pets and children. |
| Nettleleaf Giant Hyssop | Agastache urticifolia | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache urticifolia is a member of Lamiaceae and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. Historically used as a human culinary and medicinal herb by indigenous North American peoples. |
| network calathea | Goeppertia musaica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the prayer plant genera Calathea/Goeppertia (Marantaceae) carry no toxic principles. Non-toxic does not mean edible — large quantities of any foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Network Calathea | Goeppertia kegeljanii 'Network' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists "Calathea" (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; Goeppertia is the updated botanical name for this genus, so the cultivar 'Network' is not listed individually but is covered by the genus-level non-toxic entry. As with any plant, large quantities of fibrous leaves may still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if your pet is a persistent nibbler. |
| Nevada Bitterroot | Lewisia nevadensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lewisia nevadensis belongs to Montiaceae and is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for the Lewisia genus. Considered safe for pets and children. |
| Nevada Lewisia | Lewisia nevadensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lewisia is not listed by the ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant database. No documented toxic principle is known, but absence from the confirmed non-toxic list means pet-safe status cannot be verified. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Never never plant | Ctenanthe oppenheimiana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ctenanthe oppenheimiana is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. While related Marantaceae such as Maranta (prayer plant) and Calathea are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, those are different genera, so Ctenanthe cannot be confirmed safe. Treat it as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before trusting pets around it. |
| Never Never Plant | Ctenanthe setosa 'Grey Star' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ctenanthe setosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database. The ASPCA's non-toxic "Prayer Plant" and "Maranta" entries both refer to a different genus (Calathea insignis), so genus-level safety cannot be assumed. Treat it as mildly toxic, expect possible vomiting or stomach upset if pets chew large amounts, and verify with your vet. |
| New Dawn | Rosa 'New Dawn' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; all true Rosa species are classified non-toxic. The realistic risk is mechanical injury from thorns rather than poisoning, with chewed foliage causing at most mild stomach upset. |
| New England aster | Symphyotrichum novae-angliae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Symphyotrichum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Purple Dome New England aster | Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 'Purple Dome' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; asters, including New England aster (Symphyotrichum), appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. Large amounts of any plant may still cause mild, temporary vomiting or gastrointestinal upset. |
| New Guinea Creeper | Tecomanthe dendrophila | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tecomanthe dendrophila (Bignoniaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA, and no specific toxic principle has been documented for this genus. As a precautionary measure, ingestion of plant material by pets or children is not recommended. Treat as mildly toxic. |
| New Guinea impatiens | Impatiens hawkeri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Impatiens species are listed under 'Buzzy Lizzie'). As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but no specific toxic principle is identified. |
| New Mexico Giant Hyssop | Agastache pallidiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache pallidiflora is in the Lamiaceae family. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Agastache and the Lamiaceae family have no recognized toxic principles for dogs or cats. Standard precaution applies. |
| New York aster | Symphyotrichum novi-belgii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Symphyotrichum (Aster) species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. This genus has no reported toxic principles. |
| New York Fern | Thelypteris noveboracensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thelypteris noveboracensis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle, and ferns of this kind are generally regarded as ASPCA non-toxic; because this species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| New York ironweed | Vernonia noveboracensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Vernonia noveboracensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Ironweeds are typically avoided by grazing animals and are not noted as seriously poisonous, but ingestion of unlisted plants can cause gastrointestinal upset, so keep pets from chewing the foliage. |
| New Zealand Everlasting Daisy | Helichrysum bellidioides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum bellidioides is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic principle has been documented, but formal safety data for pets is absent. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| New Zealand gentian | Gentiana saxosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana saxosa is not listed individually in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. As with other gentians, the presence of bitter iridoid compounds means ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. A mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution; consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| New Zealand snowberry | Gaultheria antipoda | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaultheria antipoda is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Gaultheria genus contains methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen), a compound toxic to dogs and cats in concentrated amounts. Berries are not confirmed safe; treat as mildly toxic and prevent ingestion by pets and small children. |
| New Zealand Spinach | Spinacia oleracea 'New Zealand' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | New Zealand spinach is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. It contains oxalates, so large quantities are inadvisable for pets with kidney disease. Note: blanching leaves before eating (as recommended for humans in large quantities) reduces oxalate content. |
| New Zealand spinach | Tetragonia tetragonioides | edible | Mildly toxic | Tetragonia tetragonioides is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat it with caution and verify with a vet. It is also genuinely high in oxalic acid (this is why people blanch it before eating), so meaningful ingestion could cause GI upset and oxalate-related effects in pets. |
| New Zealand Tree Fuchsia | Fuchsia excorticata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fuchsia triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Nicaraguan Columnea | Columnea nicaraguensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea (Gesneriaceae, Goldfish Plant) is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs and Non-Toxic to Cats by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Nicaraguan Guzmania | Guzmania nicaraguensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania species belong to Bromeliaceae, a family listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No harmful alkaloids or glycosides are associated with this genus. |
| nicolas hakone grass | Hakonechloa macra 'Nicolas' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hakonechloa macra is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of coarse grass blades may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| Starmaker Lime Nicotiana | Nicotiana × sanderae 'Starmaker Lime' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (the Nicotiana genus is listed as toxic). Like all flowering tobaccos, it contains nicotine and related pyridine and piperidine alkaloids (anabasine, nornicotine). Ingestion causes hyperexcitability then depression, vomiting, incoordination, rapid heart rate, and potentially paralysis or death. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary help immediately if eaten. |
| Perfume Deep Purple Flowering Tobacco | Nicotiana alata 'Perfume Deep Purple' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. All Nicotiana species contain nicotine and related pyridine and piperidine alkaloids (including anabasine and nornicotine). Signs include initial hyperexcitability followed by depression, vomiting, incoordination, rapid heart rate, and in severe cases paralysis or death. Keep away from pets and call ASPCA Poison Control if ingestion is suspected. |
| Woodland Tobacco | Nicotiana sylvestris | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As a Nicotiana, all parts contain nicotine and related pyridine and piperidine alkaloids (anabasine, nornicotine). Ingestion causes hyperexcitability then depression, vomiting, incoordination, rapid heartbeat, and potentially paralysis or death. Treat as a serious hazard and contact ASPCA Poison Control or a vet immediately if eaten. |
| Night-Blooming Cereus | Selenicereus grandiflorus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic. The ASPCA lists Night Blooming Cereus (Hylocereus undatus, Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and Selenicereus grandiflorus is a closely related cereus cactus with no known toxic principle. The main hazards are minor spines and mild GI upset if chewed; verify with a vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Night-blooming Jasmine | Cestrum nocturnum | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Cestrum nocturnum are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. The plant belongs to Solanaceae and contains solanine and related steroidal alkaloids. Ingestion causes severe gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain), central nervous system effects, and in severe cases can be fatal. Seek immediate veterinary or medical attention if ingestion is suspected. The fragrance itself can cause headache and nausea in sensitive individuals in enclosed spaces. |
| Night-Scented Epidendrum | Epidendrum nocturnum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Epidendrum ibaguense and Epidendrum atropurpureum as non-toxic to dogs and cats. E. nocturnum is not individually assessed, but no toxic principle has been identified in the Epidendrum genus. Exercise routine caution if pets chew on plant material. |
| Night-scented stock | Matthiola longipetala | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Matthiola longipetala (family Brassicaceae) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database and no toxic principles have been identified for this genus. No reports of toxicity to dogs, cats, or horses exist in the veterinary literature. As a Brassicaceae member, it carries no known systemic toxicity to pets. |
| Nikko bog rosemary | Andromeda polifolia 'Nikko' | flowering | Toxic | As an Andromeda polifolia cultivar, 'Nikko' contains grayanotoxins in all plant parts, toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Ingestion causes hypersalivation, vomiting, muscle weakness, bradycardia, and hypotension. Seek immediate veterinary attention if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Nikko Fir | Abies homolepis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies (true firs) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Fir needles and resin are generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. Large quantities of ingested needles could cause minor mechanical gastrointestinal irritation but no toxic principle has been identified. |
| Nile Sage | Salvia nilotica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are documented for S. nilotica; as with all salvias, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Nimmo's ginger | Zingiber nimmonii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Zingiber nimmonii is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. The rhizome is strongly aromatic and rich in volatile terpenoids (including β-caryophyllene and α-humulene), which may cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by cats or dogs. Classified as mildly-toxic in the absence of confirmed clearance; seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Diabolo Ninebark | Physocarpus opulifolius 'Monlo' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Physocarpus is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet. The bark is anecdotally reported to cause vomiting or diarrhoea in dogs if chewed; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Ninja Foamflower | Tiarella 'Ninja' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tiarella is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles have been identified in the Saxifragaceae genus. The plant is widely reported as non-toxic to cats and dogs by horticultural sources. Minor gastrointestinal irritation is possible if large amounts are consumed. |
| Ninja foamflower | Tiarella 'Ninja' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tiarella is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. The related hybrid parent Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, which is reassuring but does not confirm a listing for foamflower. The likely effect of ingestion is no more than mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Nivalis flowering quince | Chaenomeles speciosa 'Nivalis' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chaenomeles seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin), as do the seeds of most Rosaceae. The fleshy fruit is edible after cooking. ASPCA does not individually list Chaenomeles speciosa cultivars, but ingestion of seeds or large quantities of raw fruit by pets may cause gastrointestinal upset. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Noble Dendrobium | Dendrobium nobile | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: the ASPCA lists Dendrobium (e.g., D. gracilicaule, Leopard Orchid) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, covering the genus. As with any plant, chewing may cause mild GI upset, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Noble Aeonium | Aeonium nobile | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium species are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. The specific toxic principle in Aeonium nobile is not fully characterised. Ingestion may cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset. |
| Noble Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus nobilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles are documented for the genus. |
| Noble Carrion Flower | Stapelia nobilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stapelia nobilis (Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Stapelia is represented by Stapelia hirsuta (Hairy Toad Plant) on the ASPCA non-toxic list for dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds are reported for the Stapelia genus. |
| Noble Cymbidium | Cymbidium insigne | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cymbidium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cymbidium insigne contains no documented toxic compounds and is considered safe around household pets. |
| Spring Orchid | Cymbidium goeringii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Cymbidium is an orchid genus in the Orchidaceae family, the same family the ASPCA clears for Phalaenopsis and other orchids, and carries no toxic principle. Chewing the grassy leaves or gritty mix may still cause mild, brief stomach upset, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Noble Fir | Abies procera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies procera is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is not known to contain toxic compounds harmful to dogs or cats. Needle ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation due to physical properties, and the resin can be a mild skin irritant, but no systemic toxicity has been reported. |
| Nodding Enkianthus | Enkianthus cernuus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Enkianthus cernuus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats or dogs, and no toxic compound specific to the genus has been confirmed. Because Ericaceae contains toxic relatives (Rhododendron, Pieris, Leucothoe) and the safety of Enkianthus cannot be confirmed from available data, it is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. Keep pets from browsing foliage or flowers. |
| nodding heliconia | Heliconia nutans | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia nutans is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The genus Heliconia (family Heliconiaceae) is not in any known pet-toxic plant family, but because per-species ASPCA verification is absent, a mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precaution. Ingestion of foliage or bracts may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea) in cats or dogs. |
| Nodding sage | Salvia nutans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| Nodding sun pitcher | Heliamphora nutans | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora nutans is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Carnivorous plant specialists state that Heliamphora species are not known to be toxic to pets, but because the genus lacks formal ASPCA listing a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Nodding Trillium | Trillium cernuum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium cernuum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other Trillium species, roots and berries are considered the potentially irritating parts. The toxic principle is unconfirmed. Keep pets and children from ingesting any part; consult ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Nodding wand flower | Dierama pendulum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dierama pendulum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic principle has been confirmed for the species, but given its membership of the Iridaceae family and insufficient safety data, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is used. Seek veterinary advice promptly if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Node-flower Cyanotis | Cyanotis nodiflora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. As a Commelinaceae member related to Tradescantia, it may cause mild contact dermatitis or gastrointestinal irritation in pets and people with sensitive skin if sap or hairs come into contact. Not considered severely toxic, but keep away from pets that chew plants. |
| Noni | Morinda citrifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Morinda citrifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status for cats and dogs is unverified. Although some non-ASPCA sources describe noni as safe, treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety. |
| Nootka Cypress | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis is not individually listed by ASPCA. The foliage contains aromatic oils with potential to cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets if ingested. The yellow cedar timber has also been noted to cause skin irritation in some people during woodworking. Caution advised. |
| Nootka Cypress | Cupressus nootkatensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cupressus nootkatensis (Nootka Cypress) is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. True cypresses in this genus have no documented toxic principles for cats or dogs. Incidental ingestion of foliage is unlikely to cause more than mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Nordmann Fir | Abies nordmanniana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies nordmanniana is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and is not known to be toxic to dogs or cats. The sap may cause mild skin irritation on contact, and needle ingestion may cause minor gastrointestinal upset from physical irritation, but no toxic compounds have been identified. |
| Norfolk pine | Araucaria heterophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Araucaria heterophylla is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Norfolk Island Spleenwort | Asplenium dimorphum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium ferns (spleenworts) are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Asplenium dimorphum poses no known toxic risk to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Norfolk Tree Fern | Cyathea brownii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyathea brownii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Cyatheaceae tree ferns have no documented toxic principle to dogs or cats. General true-fern safety guidance applies. |
| Normanbya Cycad | Cycas normanbyana | tropical | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC — Cycas normanbyana contains cycasin and other glycoside neurotoxins throughout all plant parts (seeds, fronds, trunk, roots). As with all Cycas species (ASPCA: toxic to dogs, cats; causes liver failure, neurological effects), ingestion of any amount, especially seeds, requires immediate emergency veterinary intervention. No safe amount exists. |
| Norstog's Ceratozamia | Ceratozamia norstogii | tropical | Toxic | All Ceratozamia species contain cycasin (hepatotoxic azoxyglycoside) and BMAA (neurotoxin) throughout leaves, seeds, and roots. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or humans causes severe gastroenteritis, acute liver failure, neurological impairment, and can be fatal. ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic. No part of this plant is safe for pets or children. |
| Northern Blazing Star | Liatris scariosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Liatris species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus in dogs, cats, or horses. The plant is used medicinally by Indigenous peoples and is considered safe. |
| Northern Buckler Fern | Dryopteris expansa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris expansa is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As with unlisted Dryopteris species, treat as mildly-toxic: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal signs in cats and dogs; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Northern Holly Fern | Polystichum lonchitis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum lonchitis is a true fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. No toxic principles are reported for this genus; true ferns of this family are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but consistent with the non-toxic true-fern family grouping. |
| Northern Japanese Hemlock | Tsuga diversifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga (hemlock spruce/hemlock fir) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Not related to the poisonous herb Conium maculatum (poison hemlock). No documented toxic principles to pets. |
| Northern lady fern | Athyrium angustum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium species are not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database; some non-ASPCA horticultural sources suggest Athyrium may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Until authoritative non-toxic confirmation is available, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from cats and dogs. |
| Five-finger fern | Adiantum pedatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists maidenhair fern (Adiantum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. Pet-safe; ingesting large amounts of any plant may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Northern Needleleaf | Tillandsia balbisiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA considers Tillandsia non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tillandsia balbisiana poses no known poisoning risk; the firm, recurved leaves may cause minor mechanical irritation if consumed in quantity. |
| Northern Red Oak | Quercus rubra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Quercus rubra acorns and leaves contain gallotannins that are harmful to dogs, cats, and livestock if consumed in significant quantity, potentially causing gastrointestinal distress and, at high doses, kidney and liver damage. The ASPCA lists oak species as toxic to horses. Avoid planting where horses graze under the canopy; keep dogs from eating fallen acorns. |
| northern sea oats | Chasmanthium latifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chasmanthium latifolium is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe status cannot be definitively confirmed despite being widely described as non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with grasses generally, eating large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Northline saskatoon | Amelanchier alnifolia 'Northline' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amelanchier alnifolia is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Saskatoon berries are widely eaten by humans and no toxic principles are known for dogs or cats. The berries are a traditional food of many Indigenous peoples of North America. |
| Northsky blueberry | Vaccinium angustifolium × corymbosum 'Northsky' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Vaccinium fruit and foliage are pet-safe; only ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild GI upset. |
| northwind switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Northwind' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Panicum virgatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; switchgrass is associated with photosensitisation and liver injury in grazing livestock, so heavy ingestion by pets is best avoided. |
| Northwind Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Northwind' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Panicum virgatum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Grasses contain no known toxic principle harmful to dogs or cats, and Northwind Switchgrass is considered safe in a pet-friendly garden. |
| Norway Spruce | Picea abies | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea is not individually listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database. Spruce is generally considered low risk and is widely used as a Christmas tree, but the sharp needles and resinous sap can cause mild oral irritation, drooling or stomach upset if chewed, and fallen needles may irritate the gut. Treat as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe and consult a vet after significant ingestion. |
| Artichoke Cactus | Obregonia denegrii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Obregonia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and true cacti are not generally classed as systemically toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Despite the 'peyotillo' nickname it is not a recognised psychoactive plant. The minimal spination poses little mechanical risk, but pets should still not chew it. |
| Notch-tipped peperomia | Peperomia retusa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia species (family Piperaceae) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild, transient digestive discomfort from bulk fibre, but no toxin is associated with this genus. |
| Notched butterwort | Pinguicula emarginata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula emarginata is not specifically listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus Pinguicula is not a recognised highly toxic group. Ingestion may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied. |
| Notocactus Magnificus | Parodia magnificus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Parodia magnificus (Notocactus magnificus) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and no established ASPCA genus ruling exists for Parodia/Notocactus. We therefore classify it as uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. The greater practical hazard is the sharp bristly spines, which can injure a pet's mouth, paws or eyes. |
| Nottingham Catchfly | Silene nutans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA. As with other Silene species, the plant contains saponins, which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs if ingested in quantity. Formal pet-safety status has not been established; classify as mildly toxic. |
| Nottingham medlar | Mespilus germanica 'Nottingham' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mespilus germanica is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. The genus belongs to the Rosaceae family; as with other rosaceous fruits, seeds contain trace cyanogenic compounds but the fleshy fruit and foliage have no reported toxic principle. Exercise normal caution and prevent pets from consuming large quantities of unripe fruit. |
| Nova Elderberry | Sambucus canadensis 'Nova' | edible | Mildly toxic | Sambucus is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Raw leaves, bark, unripe fruit, and roots of Sambucus canadensis contain cyanogenic glycosides that can cause gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, and lethargy in pets. Fully ripe cooked berries are used in human culinary applications, but all raw plant material should be treated as hazardous to pets. |
| Novak's Air Plant | Tillandsia novakii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic compounds are present, though consuming large amounts of plant material could cause mild gastric irritation. |
| Nuccio's Gems camellia | Camellia japonica 'Nuccio's Gems' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Camellia japonica is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Some caffeine-related alkaloids are present in the genus; consumption of plant material in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Prevent pets from habitual chewing of foliage or seeds as a precaution. |
| Nude Sheath Bamboo | Phyllostachys nuda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys nuda is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True bamboos have no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Nummularioides Wax Plant | Hoya nummularioides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya nummularioides is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Hoya genus is treated as clean: the ASPCA lists Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa) and Sweetheart Hoya (Hoya kerrii) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Hoya species listed as toxic. Treated as pet-safe; verify with your vet, as any plant can cause mild stomach upset if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Swamp Orchid | Phaius tankervilleae | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phaius is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Orchids as a family are generally regarded as non-toxic and the ASPCA lists Phalaenopsis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but because this genus is not specifically ASPCA-assessed, keep it out of pets' reach and contact a vet if any part is eaten. |
| Yellow Water Lily | Nuphar lutea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nuphar lutea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain. Note that the rhizome and seeds contain bitter nupharidine-type alkaloids; treat as a non-food plant, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Rocky Mountain Pond Lily | Nuphar polysepala | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nuphar polysepala is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain. As with other Nuphar, the rhizome and seed carry bitter alkaloids; treat as a non-food ornamental, discourage grazing, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Nutmeg Geranium | Pelargonium x fragrans | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and skin dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Site it out of reach of pets. |
| Nuttall's Waterweed | Elodea nuttallii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Elodea nuttallii is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been documented in the genus Elodea. Widely used in aquaria with fish and consumed by waterfowl and turtles without harmful effects. |
| Albert Greenberg Tropical Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Albert Greenberg' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a true waterlily (Nymphaea) it is distinct from the cat-lethal true lilies (Lilium/Hemerocallis), but ingestion of any aquatic plant may cause stomach upset; keep pets from grazing the pond. |
| Attraction Hardy Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Attraction' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; the dangerous ASPCA 'lily' entries refer to Lilium and Hemerocallis, which are botanically unrelated. Because Nymphaea is unconfirmed and anecdotal GI upset (vomiting, drooling, lethargy) has been reported in pets that chew foliage, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Yellow Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Chromatella' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; the ASPCA's dangerous 'lily' listings are Lilium and Hemerocallis, which are unrelated genera. As Nymphaea status is unconfirmed and chewing the pads has anecdotally caused GI upset (drooling, vomiting, lethargy) in pets, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Tropical Blue Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Director George T. Moore' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. This is a true waterlily (Nymphaea), distinct from the severely cat-toxic true lilies (Lilium/Hemerocallis), but assume ingestion of any pond plant may cause gastrointestinal upset and keep pets away. |
| Escarboucle Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Escarboucle' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; the ASPCA's dangerous 'lily' entries refer to Lilium and Hemerocallis, which are unrelated to true waterlilies. As Nymphaea status is unconfirmed and chewing the pads has anecdotally caused GI upset (drooling, vomiting, lethargy) in pets, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Firecrest Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Firecrest' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Waterlilies (Nymphaea) are not the severely cat-toxic true lilies (Lilium/Hemerocallis), but eating any aquatic plant can cause gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from grazing the pond. |
| Snowball Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Gonnere' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. True waterlilies (Nymphaea) are NOT the same as the severely nephrotoxic true lilies (Lilium/Hemerocallis) that endanger cats, but ingestion of any aquatic plant may cause gastrointestinal upset. Keep curious pets from grazing pond plants. |
| James Brydon Waterlily | Nymphaea 'James Brydon' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; the ASPCA's hazardous 'lily' entries are Lilium and Hemerocallis, separate genera unrelated to true waterlilies. Because Nymphaea remains unconfirmed and pets chewing the foliage have anecdotally shown GI upset (vomiting, drooling, lethargy), treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| White Marliac Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Marliacea Albida' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; the ASPCA's hazardous 'lily' entries are Lilium and Hemerocallis, separate genera unrelated to waterlilies. Because Nymphaea is unconfirmed and pets chewing the foliage have anecdotally shown GI upset (vomiting, drooling, lethargy), treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Flesh-Pink Marliac Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Marliacea Carnea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; the ASPCA's dangerous 'lily' entries are Lilium and Hemerocallis, which are unrelated to true waterlilies. As Nymphaea status is unconfirmed and chewing the pads has anecdotally caused GI upset (drooling, vomiting, lethargy) in pets, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Perry's Fire Opal Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Perry's Fire Opal' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; the ASPCA's dangerous 'lily' entries are Lilium and Hemerocallis, which are unrelated to true waterlilies. As Nymphaea status is unconfirmed and chewing the pads has anecdotally caused GI upset (drooling, vomiting, lethargy) in pets, treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Miniature Yellow Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Pygmaea Helvola' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Waterlilies (Nymphaea) are distinct from the highly cat-toxic true lilies (Lilium/Hemerocallis), but eating any pond plant can cause stomach upset. Site patio tubs out of reach of pets that might nibble. |
| Pygmy Red Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Pygmaea Rubra' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note that true waterlilies (Nymphaea) are not the dangerous cat-killing true lilies (Lilium/Hemerocallis), but ingesting pond plants can still upset a pet's stomach. |
| Sioux Waterlily | Nymphaea 'Sioux' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database; the ASPCA's hazardous 'lily' entries refer to Lilium and Hemerocallis, separate genera unrelated to true waterlilies. Because Nymphaea is unconfirmed and pets chewing the foliage have anecdotally shown GI upset (vomiting, drooling, lethargy), treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Cape Blue Waterlily | Nymphaea capensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Despite the common name 'Blue Lotus', this is a true waterlily (Nymphaea), not the cat-lethal true lily (Lilium); even so, assume any ingestion may cause stomach upset and keep pets away from the water. |
| Banana Plant | Nymphoides aquatica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Nymphoides aquatica is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As an aquarium plant it is rarely accessible to pets, but do not let cats or dogs eat the foliage absent confirmed safety data. |
| Water Snowflake | Nymphoides indica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nymphoides indica is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Keep cats and dogs from chewing the leaves, which could cause mild stomach upset in the absence of confirmed safety data. |
| Yellow Floating Heart | Nymphoides peltata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphoides peltata is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As an uncertain species, prevent dogs and cats from grazing the foliage, which could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Black Gum | Nyssa sylvatica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The small blue-black drupes and foliage are not well documented for pet safety and some sources flag the sap and unripe fruit as potential irritants, so do not assume pet-safe and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| Oak Fern | Gymnocarpium dryopteris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gymnocarpium dryopteris is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle, and ferns of this kind are generally regarded as ASPCA non-toxic; because this species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Oak Leaf Fern | Drynaria quercifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. There is no ASPCA genus rule for Drynaria. While most true ferns are not seriously poisonous and Drynaria is used in some traditional remedies, its pet safety is not formally established, so keep it out of reach of curious pets and contact a vet if grazing occurs. |
| oak leaf lettuce | Lactuca sativa 'Oak Leaf' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA does not list cultivated lettuce among its toxic plants. Large amounts can cause mild GI upset or loose stools from fibre, so offer only in moderation. Note that wild prickly lettuce (L. serriola) is a different, irritant species. |
| Oak-leaf Primulina | Primulina dryas | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; mildly-toxic is the precautionary classification. The RHS notes susceptibility to stem rot in damp conditions but makes no reference to animal toxicity. |
| oakleaf croton | Codiaeum variegatum 'Oakleaf' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline list croton (Codiaeum variegatum) as toxic; its milky sap contains diterpene esters that irritate the mouth and gut. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and oral or skin irritation, and the sap can irritate human skin too. |
| Oakleaf Hydrangea | Hydrangea quercifolia | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Its leaves, buds and flowers contain the cyanogenic glycoside hydrangin, which can release cyanide when chewed. Ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. Keep prunings and dropped leaves or blooms out of pets' reach. |
| Oakleaf Hydrangea | Hydrangea quercifolia 'Snow Queen' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Hydrangea as toxic. The plant contains cyanogenic glycosides (notably hydrangin); leaves, buds, and flowers can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy if eaten, with serious cyanide-type toxicity rare and tied to large ingestions. |
| Oaxacan Air Plant | Tillandsia oaxacana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no harmful compounds are identified, and ingestion of small amounts is unlikely to cause more than mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Oblong-leaf Sanchezia | Sanchezia oblonga | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sanchezia is not individually listed by the ASPCA (S. nobilis is sometimes cited as listed, but this was not confirmed in the ASPCA database at the time of writing). As a member of Acanthaceae, no severe toxic compounds are documented, but the absence of an ASPCA non-toxic listing means safety cannot be confirmed. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is appropriate until a definitive ASPCA listing is established. Consult a vet if ingestion by pets occurs. |
| Oblong-leaved santolina | Santolina oblongifolia | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina oblongifolia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats or dogs. The aromatic oils in all Santolina species can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis if foliage is ingested or handled extensively by sensitive individuals; treat as mildly toxic around pets and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Obscura wax plant | Hoya obscura | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya obscura is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but other Hoya species are: Hoya kerrii (sweetheart hoya) and Hoya carnosa are both listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no Hoya listed as toxic. The genus is therefore considered pet-safe; still, verify with your vet, as nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Obscure Begonia | Begonia obscura | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs via soluble calcium oxalates. The tubers and roots contain the highest concentration. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Ochre Coelogyne | Coelogyne ochracea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coelogyne orchids are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Orchids broadly (family Orchidaceae) are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats; no toxic principle has been identified in this genus. |
| Ocotillo | Fouquieria splendens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Fouquieria splendens (family Fouquieriaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No documented severe systemic toxin is reported for this species. Physical hazard from rigid spines is significant — they can cause puncture wounds to pets, children, and handlers. Treat as mildly toxic and site away from areas frequented by pets. |
| October Daphne | Sedum sieboldii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum sieboldii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Sedum genus has no known toxic principles, and multiple Sedum species appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. This species is broadly considered pet-safe; as always, ingesting plant material in quantity may cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Frilly Odontoglossum | Odontoglossum crispum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | A true orchid with no known toxic principle. The ASPCA lists orchids (with Phalaenopsis as the reference entry) as non-toxic to cats and dogs and states no orchid is known to be poisonous to cats; Odontoglossum-type orchids feature on pet-safe orchid lists. Odontoglossum crispum is not individually named, but shares the family's safe chemistry. Chewing may cause only mild GI upset; the genuine risk is any pesticide or fertiliser on the foliage. |
| Firespike | Odontonema tubaeforme | tropical | Mildly toxic | Odontonema tubaeforme is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is unlisted. Lacking authoritative ASPCA grounding, treat it as uncertain and potentially mildly toxic; keep it out of reach of cats and dogs and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Oersted's Columnea | Columnea oerstediana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea (Gesneriaceae, Goldfish Plant) is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs and Non-Toxic to Cats by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Ogeechee Tupelo | Nyssa ogeche | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nyssa ogeche is not individually listed by ASPCA. The tart red drupes (ogeechee limes) have a long history of human use as a food ingredient with no reported toxicity. No toxic principles are documented in the genus Nyssa for pets, though ingestion of large quantities of any plant material can cause gastrointestinal upset. The fruit is not considered hazardous to dogs or cats. |
| Ohio Goldenrod | Solidago ohioensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Solidago species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; the genus is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Ohio Spiderwort | Tradescantia ohiensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | T. ohiensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the genus includes Tradescantia fluminensis (Inch Plant), which ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (causing dermatitis). Sap of native spiderworts can cause skin and eye irritation in some individuals and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets; treat as mildly toxic and keep pets from chewing plants. |
| Okinawan sweet potato | Ipomoea batatas 'Okinawan' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Sweet Potato Vine, Ipomoea batatas), with no toxic principle identified. This is the true edible sweet potato, not a toxic ornamental morning-glory. As always, excess of any rich food can cause mild digestive upset in pets. |
| Oklahoma Salmon zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Oklahoma Salmon' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia elegans is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known in this genus. |
| ladies' fingers | Abelmoschus esculentus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abelmoschus esculentus is not listed by the ASPCA. Pods and foliage are non-toxic. |
| Old Father Live Forever | Pelargonium cotyledonis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to geraniol and linalool. Symptoms include vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. As a Pelargonium species, P. cotyledonis carries the same risk as the rest of the genus. |
| Old Gold Juniper | Juniperus chinensis 'Old Gold' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Juniperus / juniper as toxic to cats and dogs. Foliage and berries contain volatile oils that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and kidney irritation when eaten. Keep pets from grazing the plant and contact a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Old lady cactus | Mammillaria hahniana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mammillaria hahniana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Mammillaria fragilis (Thimble Cactus) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no Mammillaria species listed as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe, but the sharp spines are a genuine physical hazard to curious pets - verify with your vet if you have concerns. |
| Thumb Cactus | Mammillaria matudae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Old Man Cactus | Cephalocereus senilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA Old Man Cactus (Cephalocereus senilis) entry records it non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The plant contains no toxic principle, but the sharp spines hidden under the hair pose a physical injury risk, so site it out of pets' reach. |
| Old Man of the Andes | Oreocereus celsianus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. The true cacti the ASPCA does list are classed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Oreocereus celsianus is very unlikely to be chemically poisonous. The genuine hazard is mechanical — stout spines hide beneath the soft white hair and can injure pets, and ingested fibre may cause vomiting. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if your pet ingests it. |
| Old man saltbush | Atriplex nummularia | edible | Mildly toxic | Atriplex nummularia is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, and PFAF records no specific toxins in the Atriplex genus. However, the leaves have significant soluble oxalate content; ingestion of large raw quantities can cause digestive upset and poses an oxalate toxicity risk to pets and livestock at high intake. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution. |
| Chestnut Dioon | Dioon edule | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Dioon is a cycad (order Cycadales) and contains cycasin, matching the ASPCA's toxic classification of the sago palm and related cycads. Ingestion of fronds or especially seeds causes vomiting, diarrhoea, severe liver failure and neurological signs. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| old-fashioned weigela | Weigela florida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Weigela is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are reported for this genus in standard veterinary toxicology references, making it a safe choice for pet-friendly gardens. |
| Oleander | Nerium oleander | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists oleander as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. All parts contain cardiac glycosides (oleandrin); ingestion of even small amounts can cause drooling, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, dangerous heart arrhythmias and death. Smoke from burning the plant is also hazardous. Keep strictly away from pets. |
| Arbequina olive | Olea europaea 'Arbequina' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As Olea europaea, 'Arbequina' is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs or horses by the ASPCA, with UC Davis and NCSU databases concurring it is non-toxic. It is regarded as pet-safe; large amounts of leaves, fruit or brined olives may cause mild stomach upset, and stones pose a choking risk. |
| Olive Living Stones | Lithops olivacea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops olivacea and the broader Lithops genus are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known for this species. |
| Olive Porroglossum | Porroglossum olivaceum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Porroglossum is a member of the Orchidaceae family. Most orchids in this family are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Porroglossum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxic principles. Based on the non-toxic family profile, this orchid is considered pet-safe, though ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| common olive | Olea europaea | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Olea europaea is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs or horses by the ASPCA, and the UC Davis and NCSU poisonous-plant databases agree it is non-toxic. Olives are considered pet-safe, though eating large amounts of leaves or fruit (or brined/pitted olives) may cause mild GI upset; pits are a choking hazard. |
| Oliver's impatiens | Impatiens sodenii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Impatiens species (including I. walleriana) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Impatiens sodenii is not individually listed by ASPCA but belongs to the same non-toxic genus. No toxic principles are reported for this species. |
| Olivia Rose Austin | Rosa 'Olivia Rose Austin' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Rosa). The plant carries no toxic principle; only the thorns present a physical hazard. |
| Olson's Begonia | Begonia olsoniae | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates (most concentrated in roots and tubers). Ingestion causes oral irritation, hypersalivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Olympiad | Rosa 'Olympiad' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species; toxic principle: none). Only the thorns present a risk, able to scratch skin or mouth if a pet brushes against or chews the canes. |
| Olympic Mullein | Verbascum olympicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Verbascum olympicum is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other Verbascum species, the seeds contain rotenone-related compounds and iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity by pets or people. Considered low toxicity risk, but ingestion is not recommended. The woolly leaf hairs may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| Olympic St. John's Wort | Hypericum olympicum | flowering | Toxic | Hypericum species are listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The toxic principle is hypericin, which causes photosensitisation — ulcerative dermatitis and skin inflammation on light-coloured animals exposed to sunlight after ingestion. Although H. olympicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, its genus-level toxicity applies. Keep away from grazing animals and supervise pets around this plant. |
| Bird Beak Orchid | Oncidium ornithorhynchum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Genus Oncidium is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. There is no recognised toxic principle; mild, self-limiting digestive upset is possible if a pet chews the foliage, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| Dancing Lady Orchid | Oncidium sphacelatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids in the genus Oncidium are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported; nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset from the fibrous tissue, but it is not poisonous. |
| One-flowered Clintonia | Clintonia uniflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Clintonia uniflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The single blue berry is generally regarded as inedible and potentially mildly toxic; indigenous accounts and botanical sources treat it with caution. The closely related C. borealis is ASPCA non-toxic, but C. uniflora has no specific safety classification — treat the berries as potentially harmful to pets and children pending formal evaluation. |
| bulb onion | Allium cepa | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Allium cepa as toxic to cats, dogs, and especially horses due to N-propyl disulfide, which causes haemolytic anaemia. Both raw and cooked onion are toxic. Garlic, leeks, and chives carry the same risk. |
| Onward pear | Pyrus communis 'Onward' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus (pear) is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The fruit and leaves are safe for pets. Seeds contain trace amygdalin (as in all Rosaceae) and are best kept away from pets in quantity. |
| Onzuka Bishop's Cap | Astrophytum myriostigma 'Onzuka' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astrophytum is not on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and cacti (Cactaceae) are not considered systemically poisonous to cats or dogs. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so this is a family-level safe rating. Notably this species is spineless, so it carries even less mechanical risk than typical cacti, but it is still not a food plant. |
| Opal plum | Prunus domestica 'Opal' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Prunus (plum) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, twigs, and stones/kernels contain cyanogenic glycosides; chewing wilted foliage or pits can cause difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, bright-red gums, and shock. Ripe flesh itself is not the toxic part — keep pets from pits and prunings. |
| Open Dancing Ginger | Globba patens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Globba patens is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. No specific toxic compounds have been identified for this species in available botanical literature. A mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied following the guidance that 'pet-safe' should not be assigned in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA listing. |
| Ophir Mugo Pine | Pinus mugo 'Ophir' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus mugo is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the ASPCA lists Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) as non-toxic to dogs and cats (toxic only to horses), but this cultivar's status is not individually confirmed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sharp needles and resin can cause oral irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed. |
| Opium poppy | Papaver somniferum | flowering | Toxic | Papaver somniferum is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. All parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids including morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Ingestion can cause CNS depression, sedation, ataxia, respiratory depression, and gastrointestinal upset. The latex sap (especially in green seed pods) is the most concentrated source. Keep pets away from the plant; seek veterinary attention immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Opposite-flowered sage | Salvia oppositiflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Salvia oppositiflora is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While common sage (Salvia officinalis) is ASPCA non-toxic, this Peruvian species has insufficient verified safety data; classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Opposite-leaf Cliff Stonecrop | Prometheum oppositifolium | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Prometheum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Crassulaceae subfamily Sempervivoideae, closely related to Rosularia and Sempervivum, neither of which has documented toxic principles. No toxic compounds have been reported for this genus. Consider it provisionally safe but prevent pets from ingesting plant material as a precaution. |
| Optical Plant | Lithops optica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops optica, like all Lithops, is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic compounds. |
| Orache-Leaved Sun Rose | Halimium atriplicifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Halimium atriplicifolium is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no specific safety data for cats or dogs has been published. Given the absence of confirmed safety data, it is conservatively rated mildly-toxic; contact a vet if pets are suspected to have ingested any part of the plant. |
| Orange coneflower | Rudbeckia fulgida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rudbeckia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant lists for dogs or cats, and is not considered to contain toxic principles harmful to companion animals. As with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Orange Lily | Lilium bulbiferum | flowering | Toxic | All true Lilium species are severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed). Any part of Lilium bulbiferum — leaf, petal, pollen, or stem — can cause acute kidney failure in cats, which is life-threatening without immediate veterinary care. Harmful to dogs in large amounts. Complete cat exclusion from the growing area is essential. |
| Orange New Zealand sedge | Carex testacea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex testacea is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database for dogs or cats. Sedges (Cyperaceae family) are not known to contain toxic principles. As with any plant material, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but no serious toxicity is expected. |
| Orange Queen barrenwort | Epimedium × warleyense 'Orange Queen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database for cats and dogs, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. The genus (used as the supplement horny goat weed) contains bioactive flavonoids, so discourage pets from chewing it and seek veterinary advice if a large amount is eaten. |
| Orange River Climbing Onion | Bowiea gariepensis | houseplant | Toxic | Like Bowiea volubilis, B. gariepensis contains cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides) that are toxic to cats, dogs, and humans, with potential for severe gastrointestinal and cardiac effects. ASPCA recognises Bowiea genus toxicity. Keep strictly away from all pets and children. |
| orange sinningia | Sinningia aggregata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia speciosa (florist's gloxinia, the type species for this genus) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. S. aggregata is not individually listed, but belongs to the same non-toxic Gesneriaceae genus with no reported toxic compounds. The ASPCA notes that consumption of any plant matter may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Orange Stonecrop | Sedum kamtschaticum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum kamtschaticum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Sedum genus has no documented toxic principles and other Sedum species (including Sedum morganianum) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. This species is considered pet-safe, though ingesting large amounts of any plant material may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Orange woolly sage | Salvia confertiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia genus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Salvia confertiflora is not individually listed but belongs to the same non-toxic genus; considered safe around pets. |
| fringed orbea | Orbea ciliata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Orbea is a stapeliad in the family Apocynaceae, which also contains cardiotoxic plants, and stapeliad pet-safety reports conflict. Treat as uncertain, keep out of reach of pets, and verify with a vet if ingested; chewing may cause mild mouth or stomach irritation. |
| Decaisne's orbea | Orbea decaisneana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Orbea is a stapeliad within Apocynaceae, a family that includes cardiotoxic species, and reports on stapeliad pet safety conflict. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet on ingestion; chewing may cause mild oral or digestive upset. |
| yellow orbea | Orbea lutea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Orbea is a stapeliad in Apocynaceae, a family that also contains cardiotoxic plants, and stapeliad pet-safety reports conflict. Treat as uncertain, keep out of reach of pets, and verify with a vet if ingested; chewing may cause mild mouth or stomach irritation. |
| moth orchid | Phalaenopsis spp. | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Phalaenopsis as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe flowering option for pet households. |
| Queen of the Night | Epiphyllum oxypetalum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Epiphyllum). The plant carries no harmful chemical principle; the tough stems could theoretically be a choking hazard if chewed, but it is considered safe around pets. |
| Orcutt's Liveforever | Dudleya attenuata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus is a member of Crassulaceae but does not contain the toxic principles found in Crassula (jade) or Kalanchoe. No toxicity to cats, dogs, or humans is reported. As with all succulents, prevent ingestion as a general precaution. |
| Ord River sundew | Drosera ordensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera ordensis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant list as a hazard to cats or dogs. No toxic principles are documented; the plant is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| wild marjoram | Origanum vulgare | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oregano is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs in large amounts due to essential oils, though small culinary nibbles are not a problem. Treat as low-risk and keep concentrated essential oils out of reach. |
| Oregon Stonecrop | Sedum oreganum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum oreganum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Sedum genus has no documented toxic principles; other Sedum species are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA (e.g., Sedum morganianum). This species is considered pet-safe. Ingesting large quantities of any plant material may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Oregon Woodsia | Woodsia oregana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Woodsia oregana is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for this genus. |
| Old Man of the Mountain | Oreocereus trollii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cacti in the family Cactaceae are not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database; Oreocereus is not flagged as poisonous to cats or dogs. The genuine hazard is mechanical — the stiff spines and hair can pierce paws, mouths and eyes — so site it out of pets' reach. |
| ear-shaped oreocharis | Oreocharis auricula | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and no Oreocharis species appears on its toxic or non-toxic lists; the broader Gesneriaceae family's listed members are non-toxic, which is reassuring but not species-specific. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Organ Pipe Cactus | Stenocereus thurberi | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Stenocereus thurberi is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fruit is edible for humans but that does not establish pet safety. The chief pet hazard is mechanical injury from the sharp spines. Keep away from pets. |
| Oriental Arborvitae | Platycladus orientalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Platycladus orientalis is not individually listed by ASPCA. Arborvitae foliage contains thujone, a monoterpene ketone that can cause gastrointestinal upset, excessive salivation, and mild neurological signs in dogs and cats if ingested in quantity. Seeds and foliage should be kept away from pets and children. |
| Oriental Chain Fern | Woodwardia orientalis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Woodwardia orientalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It belongs to Blechnaceae, a true fern family with no known toxic compounds. No toxic principles have been reported in Woodwardia species; no toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or oxalates are documented in this family. |
| oriental fountain grass | Pennisetum orientale | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pennisetum orientale is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus is not associated with toxicological risk to dogs or cats. As with other Pennisetum species, sharp bristled seed heads present a mechanical hazard to pets (can embed in fur and ears), but this is not a poisoning concern. |
| Oriental Hornbeam | Carpinus orientalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carpinus orientalis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and the genus Carpinus has no documented toxic principles in major veterinary or horticultural toxicology references. Considered safe for gardens with pets and children. No specific toxicity concerns are recorded in clinical literature. |
| Oriental Ostrich Fern | Matteuccia orientalis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Matteuccia orientalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Matteuccia belongs to Onocleaceae, a true fern family with no reported toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. Fiddleheads of M. struthiopteris are eaten by humans, further supporting the non-toxic nature of the genus. |
| Oriental Spruce | Picea orientalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea orientalis is not listed as toxic by ASPCA and is not known to contain significantly harmful compounds. Resins present in the needles and bark may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets, and the needles can cause physical irritation. Not considered a meaningful poisoning risk but ingestion of plant material is not recommended for cats or dogs. |
| Oriental Sweetgum | Liquidambar orientalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Liquidambar orientalis is not individually listed by ASPCA, but like other sweetgums it contains resinous compounds including storax (cinnamyl cinnamate) and irritant terpenes. Ingestion of leaves or seed capsules may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. The spiny gumballs also pose a mechanical hazard. |
| orientandina goldfish plant | Columnea orientandina | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea orientandina is a Gesneriaceae gesneriad with no documented toxic principles. Columnea genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the closely related gesneriad Episcia is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic compounds are known for the family. Ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Ornamental Oregano | Origanum × hybridum | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists both oregano (Origanum vulgare) and marjoram (Origanum majorana) as mildly toxic to dogs and cats, with gastrointestinal irritants (volatile phenolic oils) causing vomiting and diarrhoea. Origanum × hybridum cultivars contain the same essential oils; treat as mildly toxic consistent with the genus-level ASPCA listings. |
| Nigra cherry plum | Prunus cerasifera 'Nigra' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Prunus (plum/cherry) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The leaves, stems and seeds (pits) contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, especially when wilting; signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, panting, laboured breathing and shock. Keep pruned wilting clippings and fallen fruit pits away from pets. |
| Ornate begonia | Begonia decora | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates are the toxic principle, with the rhizome containing the highest concentration. Clinical signs include oral irritation, hypersalivation, and vomiting. |
| Ornate Peperomia | Peperomia ornata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles; ingestion of foliage is unlikely to cause significant harm beyond mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Orpen's Aloinopsis | Aloinopsis orpenii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aloinopsis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family has no reported toxic principles for pets, and ASPCA-listed relatives (Lithops, ice plant/Lampranthus) are confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Orpheus Flower | Haberlea rhodopensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Haberlea rhodopensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No known toxic compounds have been reported for this genus in veterinary literature, but because it has not been formally assessed, a precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied. Consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Orpine | Hylotelephium telephium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hylotelephium telephium is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other members of the sedum/stonecrop complex, it contains alkaloids including sedine and sedamine that may cause mild gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, drooling) if consumed in quantity by pets. Exercise caution with dogs and cats. |
| rock orthophytum | Orthophytum saxicola | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae are broadly regarded as pet-safe and the ASPCA lists related bromeliad genera (e.g. Guzmania, Billbergia, Neoregelia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Orthophytum is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but no toxic principle is known for the genus. The main hazard is mechanical: stiff, finely toothed leaf edges can scratch a curious pet or cause mild oral irritation. |
| Osbeck's rock rose | Cistus osbeckiifolius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus osbeckiifolius is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database and no specific toxic compound has been confirmed in veterinary literature for this species. As a precaution, given the absence of explicit non-toxic confirmation, it is classified as mildly toxic; seek veterinary advice if pets ingest significant quantities. |
| Purple-stemmed Royal Fern | Osmunda regalis 'Purpurascens' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Osmunda regalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. True ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic and no significant toxic principle is documented, but because there is no explicit ASPCA listing for this species or genus, treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| American Royal Fern | Osmunda spectabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True ferns, including royal ferns (Osmunda), are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; this species is not individually named but belongs to the non-toxic fern group. Large quantities may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Ospina's Vriesea | Vriesea ospinae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. V. ospinae belongs to Bromeliaceae, which has no documented toxic principles. Considered safe around household pets. |
| Ostbo Red mountain laurel | Kalmia latifolia 'Ostbo Red' | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Kalmia latifolia, including 'Ostbo Red', are highly toxic. Contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins) that disrupt sodium ion channels. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans if ingested. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias. RHS classifies it as harmful if eaten; wear gloves when handling. |
| Akila Daisy White | Osteospermum ecklonis 'Akila Daisy White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Osteospermum (African Daisy / Cape daisy) is included on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Eating large amounts of any plant can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and the cut foliage's sap may irritate sensitive skin, but it is not regarded as poisonous. |
| Sunny Serena White Cape Daisy | Osteospermum ecklonis 'Sunny Serena White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Osteospermum (African Daisy / Cape daisy) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts can still cause mild, transient stomach upset, and the sap may irritate sensitive skin, but it is not considered poisonous. |
| Voltage Yellow Cape Daisy | Osteospermum ecklonis 'Voltage Yellow' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Osteospermum (African Daisy / Cape daisy) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Consuming large quantities of any plant can still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset, and the sap may irritate sensitive skin, but the plant is not considered poisonous. |
| Shuttlecock fern | Matteuccia struthiopteris | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Ostrich fern, Matteuccia struthiopteris). Note a human food-safety caveat: raw or undercooked fiddleheads have caused outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness (CDC), so for people they must be boiled about 15 minutes or steamed 10-12 minutes before eating. Pets may get mild GI upset from chewing foliage. |
| Othello ligularia | Ligularia dentata 'Othello' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ligularia dentata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed. As a member of the tribe Senecioneae (alongside the ASPCA-toxic Senecio/Curio), it is associated with the pyrrolizidine-alkaloid group known to be hepatotoxic; treat with caution, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet. |
| Ovate Maiden Fern | Thelypteris ovata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thelypteris ovata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle; other Thelypteris species are generally regarded as non-toxic, but because this species lacks an individual ASPCA listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| overcup oak | Quercus lyrata | edible | Toxic | Oak (Quercus) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is tannic acid and gallotannins found in young leaves, buds and acorns. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and, in quantity, kidney and liver damage; livestock are most severely affected. Whole acorns also risk gastrointestinal obstruction. |
| Overdam Feather Reed Grass | Calamagrostis x acutiflora 'Overdam' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calamagrostis x acutiflora 'Overdam' is not individually listed by ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant databases. No toxic principles are known for the genus. Sharp leaf tips and edges can cause minor mechanical irritation in pets that chew the foliage. Generally considered safe around pets and livestock. |
| overdam feather reed grass | Calamagrostis x acutiflora 'Overdam' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calamagrostis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Owl's Eye Pincushion | Mammillaria parkinsonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Lilliput Ox Tongue | Gasteria bicolor var. liliputana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gasteria is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; it is not flagged on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and the genus appears on reputable pet-safe succulent lists. Note it is not individually enumerated by the ASPCA, and any plant can cause mild stomach upset if a pet eats a large amount. |
| four-leaf sorrel | Oxalis tetraphylla | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Oxalis is listed under 'Shamrock Plant'). The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; large ingestions can cause drooling, vomiting, tremors, and, rarely, hypocalcaemia and kidney effects. The plant's sour taste usually deters big meals. |
| green shamrock | Oxalis triangularis 'Mijke' | houseplant | Toxic | Oxalis is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates. Chewing can cause drooling, oral irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea, and large ingestions can affect calcium balance and kidney function, though serious cases are uncommon. Keep out of reach of pets and contact a vet if ingested. |
| Zinfandel oxalis | Oxalis vulcanicola 'Zinfandel' | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Oxalis is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates. Large ingestions can cause drooling, vomiting, and, with significant quantities, kidney effects, especially in animals with renal issues. Keep 'Zinfandel' out of reach of pets and discourage chewing. |
| Oxeye daisy | Leucanthemum vulgare | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists daisies (Leucanthemum/Chrysanthemum family) as toxic to dogs and cats. Sesquiterpene lactones, pyrethrins, and related Asteraceae compounds can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, and contact dermatitis. Ingestion of small amounts is unlikely to cause severe illness, but veterinary advice should be sought if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Oxford and Cambridge grape hyacinth | Muscari aucheri | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Muscari as toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum, the type genus species) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with no toxic principles identified. Muscari aucheri is in the same genus with the same toxicological profile. Large ingestions may cause mild, self-limiting GI upset in pets, but no serious toxicity is expected. |
| Oxlip | Primula elatior | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primula elatior is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. Primula species can cause contact dermatitis in humans (from primin in hairy species) and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by cats or dogs. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; keep pets from grazing on the foliage. |
| Oxycardium | Philodendron hederaceum var. oxycardium | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. As a Philodendron hederaceum variety, its leaves, stems, and sap contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Sourwood | Oxydendrum arboreum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Oxydendrum arboreum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It belongs to the heath family (Ericaceae), which includes plants with toxic grayanotoxins, so prudently avoid letting pets ingest the foliage even though sourwood itself is not documented as a major toxin. |
| Oysterplant | Mertensia maritima | edible | Mildly toxic | Mertensia maritima is not specifically listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, and no confirmed toxic compounds have been identified in this species. However, other Mertensia species (borage family) may contain low levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Out of caution, and because the genus has not been individually cleared by ASPCA, this record uses 'mildly-toxic' rather than 'pet-safe'. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Ozark Beauty Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Ozark Beauty' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ozark Beauty strawberry plants and fruit pose no known toxic risk to pets, though natural sugars in ripe fruit may cause mild digestive upset in quantity. |
| Pacaya Palm | Chamaedorea tepejilote | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Chamaedorea is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known for Chamaedorea tepejilote; the edible flower buds have a long history of safe human consumption throughout Central America. |
| Senita Cactus | Pachycereus schottii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pachycereus (including the former Lophocereus schottii) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Cactaceae carry no recognised toxic principle and ASPCA-listed cacti such as Echinopsis and Schlumbergera are non-toxic, but as this species is not specifically confirmed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. The spines, especially the long whiskers on mature tips, are a mechanical hazard, and eating plant tissue may cause mild GI upset. |
| Silver bract pachyphytum | Pachyphytum bracteosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Pachyphytum is not named individually by ASPCA, but it belongs to the same non-toxic Crassulaceae group as the ASPCA-listed non-toxic Echeveria, with no toxic principle attributed to it. Ingestion in quantity may still cause mild, self-limiting GI upset. |
| Little jewel | Pachyphytum compactum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pachyphytum is not individually listed by ASPCA, but it sits in the same non-toxic Crassulaceae group as Echeveria, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic, and no toxic principle is attributed to the genus. Discourage chewing, as any plant material can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Sticky pachyphytum | Pachyphytum glutinicaule | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this succulent group as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Pachyphytum carries no toxic principle. Eating any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Hooker's pachyphytum | Pachyphytum hookeri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pachyphytum is not individually listed by ASPCA, but it falls within the same non-toxic Crassulaceae group as Echeveria, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic, and carries no recognized toxic principle. Eating a large amount may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Werdermann's moonstones | Pachyphytum werdermannii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Pachyphytum is not specifically listed by ASPCA, but it belongs to the same non-toxic Crassulaceae group as the ASPCA-listed non-toxic Echeveria and has no associated toxic principle. As always, discourage chewing since any plant can cause mild GI upset. |
| Cardinal's guard | Pachystachys coccinea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pachystachys coccinea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and there is no established ASPCA genus ruling for Pachystachys. With no authoritative safe listing, treat it as uncertain rather than pet-safe; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around cats and dogs. |
| golden shrimp plant | Pachystachys lutea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pachystachys lutea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed despite some secondary claims. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep out of reach of cats and dogs and consult a vet if any is consumed. |
| Jeweled crown | Pachyveria 'Clavifolia' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. This is a Pachyphytum × Echeveria hybrid; Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic and Pachyphytum carries no recognized toxic principle, so the cross is regarded as pet-safe. The hybrid is not individually listed by ASPCA; as with any plant, chewing may cause mild GI upset. |
| Exotica pachyveria | Pachyveria 'Exotica' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Pachyphytum × Echeveria hybrid, it inherits the non-toxic status of Echeveria, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic, with no toxic principle attributed to either parent genus. The named hybrid is not individually listed by ASPCA; nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Powder Puff | xPachyveria 'Powder Puff' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Both parent genera, Pachyphytum and Echeveria, are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this hybrid is considered pet-safe. As always, eating a large amount of any plant can cause mild stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing. |
| Powder Puff pachyveria | Pachyveria 'Powder Puff' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. This Pachyphytum × Echeveria hybrid inherits the non-toxic status of Echeveria, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic, and neither parent genus carries a recognized toxic principle. The named hybrid is not individually listed by ASPCA; as with any plant, chewing may cause mild GI upset. |
| Pacific Dogwood | Cornus nuttallii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cornus nuttallii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No Cornus species is listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by ASPCA, and the genus has no documented toxic compounds. The small red fruit clusters are consumed by birds and wildlife. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts by pets may cause mild, transient GI upset, but specific toxicity is not established. |
| Pacific Maid Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum raddianum 'Pacific Maid' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum raddianum (maidenhair fern) is confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs. Multiple ASPCA-aligned horticultural references cite Adiantum as non-toxic to pets; the genus has no documented toxic compounds. Safe for households with cats, dogs, and children. |
| Pacific Purple asparagus | Asparagus officinalis 'Pacific Purple' | edible | Mildly toxic | Garden asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and are a human food. This is a different plant from the ASPCA-toxic ornamental asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus), with which the genus is often confused. The mature red berries and ferny foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets, so treat the fern stage with caution and consult a vet if a pet eats it. |
| Pacific Silver Fir | Abies amabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies (true firs) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No documented toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Needle oils may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if large quantities are ingested. |
| Pacific Yew | Taxus brevifolia | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. Like all Taxus species, Pacific Yew contains taxine alkaloids throughout its foliage, bark, and seeds that cause potentially fatal cardiac arrest in humans, dogs, cats, and horses. Only the fleshy red aril surrounding the seed is non-toxic, though the seed itself is poisonous. ASPCA lists Taxus species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Historically, fatalities have been recorded in horses and cattle that consumed yew trimmings. Do not plant where pets or livestock can graze. |
| Pacifica Vinca | Catharanthus roseus 'Pacifica' | flowering | Toxic | Catharanthus roseus is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (ASPCA-listed). The plant contains cytotoxic vinca alkaloids including vincristine and vinblastine. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, low blood pressure, tremors, seizures, and in severe cases coma or death. Highly dangerous for pets — do not plant where animals can access it. |
| Packham pear | Pyrus communis 'Packham's Triumph' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The fruit flesh and leaves are safe. As with all Rosaceae, seeds contain trace amygdalin and should not be fed in large quantities to pets. |
| Padang wax plant | Hoya padangensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya (wax plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya padangensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is broadly regarded as non-toxic; mild stomach upset is possible if leaves are consumed in quantity. |
| Paddle plant | Kalanchoe luciae | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe spp.) as toxic to both cats and dogs. All parts contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides; ingestion typically causes vomiting and diarrhoea, and in rare cases abnormal heart rhythm. Keep well out of reach of pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Poison Control line if ingestion is suspected. |
| Bowl of Beauty peony | Paeonia lactiflora 'Bowl of Beauty' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Peony (Paeonia species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is paeonol, present throughout the plant; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. |
| Festiva Maxima peony | Paeonia lactiflora 'Festiva Maxima' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Peony (Paeonia species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is paeonol, concentrated in the bark but present throughout the plant; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. |
| Karl Rosenfield peony | Paeonia lactiflora 'Karl Rosenfield' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Peony (Paeonia species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is paeonol, found throughout the plant; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. |
| Molly the witch peony | Paeonia mlokosewitschii | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Peony (Paeonia species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is paeonol, present throughout the plant; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. |
| pagoda dogwood | Cornus alternifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No Cornus (dogwood) species appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list; flowering dogwood is explicitly listed as non-toxic. Large quantities of berries may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, so discourage grazing. |
| Pagoda Fawn Lily | Erythronium 'Pagoda' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium 'Pagoda' is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Liliaceae hybrid, ingestion of corms or foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in dogs and cats. It is not a true lily (Lilium) and is not associated with the feline nephrotoxic risk of that genus. However, out of caution it should be treated as potentially irritating to pets and kept away from children. |
| Painted begonia | Begonia picta | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated most heavily in the underground roots and rhizomes. Ingestion causes oral irritation, burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, and vomiting in cats and dogs; kidney failure is a risk in horses and other grazing animals. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Tricolor Fern | Pteris quadriaurita 'Tricolor' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pteris is a true fern genus not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database; true ferns such as brake ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, though pets nibbling the fronds may have mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Painted Columnea | Columnea picta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea spp. (goldfish plant) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for this genus. |
| Painted Daisy | Tanacetum coccineum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tanacetum coccineum (Pyrethrum) contains pyrethrins and sesquiterpene lactones. The ASPCA lists Chrysanthemum/Tanacetum species as toxic to dogs and cats, causing gastrointestinal upset, hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, and incoordination. Classified as mildly toxic; serious poisoning is uncommon but pets should be discouraged from ingesting the plant. |
| Painted Lady | Echeveria nodulosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Echeveria (the ASPCA lists Blue Echeveria, including species such as E. glauca and E. elegans, as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses). Any plant can cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity, so still discourage nibbling. |
| Burgundy Lace painted fern | Athyrium niponicum var. pictum 'Burgundy Lace' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium niponicum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database (the ASPCA 'Japanese holly fern' entry is the unrelated Cyrtomium falcatum). Status is not ASPCA-confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Pewter Lace painted fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Pewter Lace' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium niponicum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database (the ASPCA 'Japanese holly fern' listing refers to the unrelated Cyrtomium falcatum). Status is not ASPCA-confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Eating plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Painted Flowering Maple | Abutilon pictum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abutilon is not included on the ASPCA's toxic plant lists for cats and dogs, and is generally considered non-toxic. However, as with any plant, ingestion of significant amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting). If in doubt, consult a veterinarian. |
| Painted Lady | Philodendron 'Painted Lady' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. |
| Painted Lady Gladiolus | Gladiolus carneus | flowering | Toxic | All Gladiolus species, including G. carneus, are listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Corms are the most toxic part. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Painted Lady sweet pea | Lathyrus odoratus 'Painted Lady' | flowering | Toxic | Lathyrus odoratus 'Painted Lady', like all sweet pea cultivars, contains lathyrogenic aminonitriles concentrated in seeds and pods. The ASPCA lists Lathyrus odoratus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Seeds and pods must be kept away from pets. The flowers and foliage pose minimal risk from casual contact, but ingestion — particularly of seeds — should be prevented. |
| Painted Nettle | Plectranthus scutellarioides | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to essential oils (including diterpene constituents). Signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep the plant out of reach of all pets. |
| Painted Sonerila | Sonerila picta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sonerila belongs to Melastomataceae. This family has no documented toxic principles in ASPCA records, and Sonerila is not individually listed as toxic. It is generally considered safe for pets and humans, though ingestion of any non-food plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Painted Trillium | Trillium undulatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium undulatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with other Trillium species, roots and berries may contain irritating compounds (possibly steroidal saponins). Exercise caution and keep pets and children from ingesting any part. Consult ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Bok choy | Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pak choi (Brassica rapa) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and is among the cruciferous vegetables the ASPCA considers safe for dogs and cats in moderation. Large amounts of this fibrous green can cause bloating, gas and goitrogenic effects, so offer only small, occasional portions. |
| Dwarf White Stem pak choi | Brassica rapa var. chinensis 'Dwarf White Stem' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Pak choi is widely regarded by vets as safe for cats and dogs in small amounts, but as a cruciferous plant it contains goitrogenic compounds that can affect the thyroid in large or frequent quantities, and is not a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic entry; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Feng Qing bok choy | Brassica rapa var. chinensis 'Feng Qing' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa vegetables are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Brassicas contain isothiocyanates and goitrogens, and large quantities can cause gas, GI upset, or thyroid effects in pets, so feed only sparingly. |
| Joi Choi pak choi | Brassica rapa var. chinensis 'Joi Choi' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa vegetables are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Brassicas contain isothiocyanates and goitrogenic compounds, and large amounts can cause gas, GI upset, or thyroid effects in cats and dogs, so offer only small quantities. |
| Palace Purple coral bells | Heuchera 'Palace Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heuchera 'Palace Purple' belongs to a genus listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known in this cultivar. |
| pale anthurium | Anthurium pallidiflorum | tropical | Toxic | As an Anthurium, it falls under the ASPCA's toxic-to-cats-and-dogs classification for the genus. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) causing oral irritation, burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets and children and wash hands after handling sap. |
| Pale beardtongue | Penstemon pallidus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon pallidus is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, leaving its pet safety status unconfirmed. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests plant material. |
| pale pitcher plant | Sarracenia alata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Sarracenia pitcher plants are not classified as toxic and are generally regarded as safe for cats and dogs; at most a chewed pitcher may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. As with any plant, ingestion can cause vomiting, so keep it out of reach to protect the delicate pitchers. |
| Pale coneflower | Echinacea pallida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Pale Silver Skin Plant | Argyroderma subalbum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Argyroderma is in the family Aizoaceae. It is not individually listed by ASPCA. Related Aizoaceae genera (Lithops, Faucaria) are recorded as non-toxic by ASPCA, and no toxic principles have been reported for Argyroderma in veterinary or botanical literature. |
| Pale Vygie | Drosanthemum floribundum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosanthemum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family, which includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic genera Lampranthus (ice plant) and Lithops, has no reported toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Pale Yellow Trillium | Trillium discolor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium discolor is not individually listed by the ASPCA on its Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As with related Trillium species, steroidal saponins are likely present, particularly in the roots and berries, which can cause gastrointestinal irritation (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by pets or humans. Given the rarity of the plant and limited toxicology data, treat all parts as potentially irritating. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) or a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Pale-Leaved Sunflower | Helianthus strumosus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus (sunflower) genus is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The foliage is rough and bristly, which may cause mild skin irritation on contact in sensitive individuals, but ingestion is not considered dangerous. |
| Pale-Spike Lobelia | Lobelia spicata | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists the Lobelia genus as toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principle is lobeline, a piperidine alkaloid found in all plant parts. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation, depression, and in significant doses can produce cardiovascular effects including irregular heart rate. |
| Palinha's rock rose | Cistus palhinhae | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus palhinhae is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The plant produces labdanoid resinous compounds (labdanum); no confirmed acute toxicity to dogs or cats has been reported, but these resins can cause skin and mucous membrane irritation. As explicit non-toxic confirmation is absent, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. |
| Palm Leaf Begonia | Begonia luxurians | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the most toxic parts being the underground tubers and roots. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning, drooling and vomiting, so keep this plant away from pets and contact a vet if chewing is suspected. |
| palm sedge | Carex muskingumensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex sedges are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles. As with any plant material, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive pets. |
| Palm sedge | Carex phyllocephala 'Sparkler' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex species are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database for dogs or cats. Carex phyllocephala 'Sparkler' is not known to contain any toxic compound and is widely used in pet-friendly garden design. Ingestion of large amounts of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Palmate begonia | Begonia palmata | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated particularly in the underground rhizome and roots. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting in cats and dogs; in grazing animals the effects can include kidney failure. Keep away from pets. |
| Palmer's Indian Mallow | Abutilon palmeri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abutilon palmeri is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles are documented for this species. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Palo Alto Sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua 'Palo Alto' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Liquidambar styraciflua is listed by ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. The spiny seed pods (gumballs) and sap can cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. The resinous sap (storax) may also cause contact dermatitis. Avoid planting where pets or children have unrestricted access to fallen seed pods, which pose an additional physical injury risk from their spines. |
| Palo Santo | Bursera graveolens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bursera graveolens is not individually listed by ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Bursera sap and resins contain terpenoids and can irritate skin and mucous membranes on contact. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution around pets and children; the smoke from burning wood should be used in ventilated spaces only. |
| pampas grass | Cortaderia selloana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (toxic principle: none). Note that non-toxic does not mean harmless — the blade margins are razor-sharp and can lacerate skin or mouth, and ingested plumes or blades may cause mechanical irritation or mild GI upset. |
| Panama Queen | Aphelandra sinclairiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aphelandra sinclairiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, Aphelandra squarrosa (same genus, Acanthaceae family) is confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in the Aphelandra genus. Treat as pet-safe, though consumption of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Panama Rose | Rondeletia odorata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rondeletia odorata is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to the Rubiaceae family; some Rubiaceae members (e.g., Gardenia) are listed by ASPCA as mildly toxic to pets, causing vomiting, diarrhea, and hives. Out of caution, treat Rondeletia as mildly toxic and keep away from pets. Consult ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Panama Rose | Rondeletia leucophylla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rondeletia leucophylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a member of Rubiaceae it may contain iridoid glycosides; no confirmed pet toxicity cases are documented. Exercise caution with pets and children regardless — if ingestion occurs, consult a veterinarian. |
| Panda Face Ginger | Asarum maximum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Asarum maximum belongs to the Aristolochiaceae family and, like related wild gingers, contains aristolochic acid analogues and essential oils including safrole. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus is known to contain aristolochic acids that are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic in quantity. Dogs and cats appear relatively resistant to acute aristolochic acid toxicity, but ingestion should be discouraged. Consult a vet if a pet chews on this plant. |
| Panda plant | Kalanchoe tomentosa | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to both cats and dogs. The panda plant belongs to the genus Kalanchoe, which the ASPCA lists as toxic; the toxic principles are bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides) found throughout the plant. Ingestion can cause vomiting and diarrhoea, and in larger amounts the cardiac glycosides may, rarely, disturb heart rhythm. Note: the ASPCA's separate "Panda Plant" common-name page actually refers to a different species, Philodendron bipennifolium; the correct entry for Kalanchoe tomentosa is the genus-level "Kalanchoe" listing. Keep out of reach of pets and children and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Pandacaqui | Tabernaemontana pandacaqui | tropical | Toxic | All parts including the attractive orange banana-like fruits are highly toxic if ingested. The milky latex (sap) is also an irritant. As an Apocynaceae member, T. pandacaqui contains cytotoxic alkaloids. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus and family toxicity is well documented — keep away from pets, children, and livestock. Fruit toxicity is particularly high; do not consume. |
| Pandan | Pandanus amaryllifolius | herb | Mildly toxic | Pandanus amaryllifolius is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Pandanus leaves can contain irritant calcium oxalate crystals and a swallowed whole leaf could pose a choking or obstruction hazard. Treat with caution, keep pets from chewing the foliage, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Panicle Fuchsia | Fuchsia paniculata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fuchsia triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Pinky Winky Hydrangea | Hydrangea paniculata 'DVPpinky' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaves, buds and flowers contain cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion of significant amounts can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. |
| Pinky Winky hydrangea | Hydrangea paniculata 'Pinky Winky' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with cyanogenic glycoside as the toxic principle found in leaves and flower buds. Ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression; significant cyanide poisoning is uncommon and generally needs a large quantity to be eaten. |
| Vanilla Strawberry Hydrangea | Hydrangea paniculata 'Renhy' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaves, buds and flowers contain cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion of significant amounts can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. |
| Panicled Corn Lily | Ixia paniculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ixia paniculata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. Like other Iridaceae members, it may contain irisin-related or other phenolic compounds that could cause gastrointestinal upset in pets. In the absence of confirmed ASPCA non-toxic status, treat as potentially harmful to cats and dogs and consult a veterinarian immediately if ingestion occurs. |
| garden pansy | Viola × wittrockiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola species are not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe and edible. |
| Pansy orchid | Miltoniopsis spp. | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists the pansy orchid (scientific name Miltonia roezlii alba, a synonym for Miltoniopsis roezlii, family Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. As with any non-toxic plant, nibbling foliage may still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing and rinse any pesticide residues; if a pet eats a large amount, check with your vet. |
| Colombian Pansy Orchid | Miltoniopsis vexillaria | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miltoniopsis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists Phalaenopsis and Jewel orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and cultivated epiphytic orchids of this type follow that non-toxic pattern. Considered pet-safe; rinse off any pesticide or fertiliser residue, as that, not the plant, is the realistic hazard, and chewing may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Papaya | Carica papaya | tropical | Mildly toxic | Carica papaya is not individually listed by the ASPCA in either its toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is commonly fed to dogs, but the seeds contain trace cyanogenic compounds and the milky unripe latex/sap is a known skin and digestive irritant, so unripe fruit, seeds, and sap should be kept from pets. |
| Paper Birch | Betula papyrifera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula papyrifera is not listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by ASPCA. The Betula genus has no established toxic principle in plant form. Commercial xylitol derived from birch hemicellulose is a processed product distinct from the living tree and is not naturally concentrated in bark at dangerous levels. |
| Paper Spine Cactus | Opuntia articulata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies Opuntia species (under 'Tree Cactus', Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so there is no poisoning risk if a pet nibbles it. The flattened papery spines are gentler than typical cactus spines, but detached segments and any glochids can still irritate, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Paperwhite Narcissus | Narcissus papyraceus | flowering | Toxic | All Narcissus species including N. papyraceus contain lycorine, narcissine, and other alkaloids. ASPCA lists Narcissus (daffodil) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The bulbs are the most concentrated source. Contact dermatitis ('daffodil itch') can affect humans handling bulbs. Keep bulbs, cut flowers, and vase water away from pets and children. |
| Pinocchio Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum 'Pinocchio' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Paphiopedilum slipper orchids, including hybrids like 'Pinocchio', are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, consistent with the ASPCA non-toxic listing for cultivated orchids; no toxic principle is reported. Mild stomach upset is possible if chewed. When uncertain, prevent access and consult a vet. |
| Little Beauty Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum bellatulum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Paphiopedilum slipper orchids are regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, in line with the ASPCA non-toxic listing for cultivated orchids; no toxic principle is reported. Chewing may cause only mild, passing stomach upset. If unsure, keep out of reach and consult a vet. |
| Maliopo Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum malipoense | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Paphiopedilum slipper orchids are regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, consistent with the ASPCA's non-toxic listing for cultivated orchids; no toxic principle is reported. Chewing may cause minor stomach upset only. If unsure, supervise pets and consult a vet. |
| Charming Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum venustum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Paphiopedilum slipper orchids are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, consistent with the ASPCA non-toxic listing for cultivated orchids; no toxic principle is reported. Mild stomach upset is possible if foliage is chewed. When in doubt, prevent access and check with a vet. |
| Paprika yarrow | Achillea millefolium 'Paprika' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Achillea millefolium is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles include glycoalkaloids (achillein), monoterpenes, and sesquiterpene lactones. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, anorexia, and dermatitis. Not life-threatening in typical garden exposure but contact your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| russet paraboea | Paraboea rufescens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and no Paraboea species appears on its toxic or non-toxic lists; the family Gesneriaceae's listed members are non-toxic, which is reassuring but not species-specific. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Paradox sundew | Drosera paradoxa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera paradoxa is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in Drosera; the sticky enzymes may cause transient mouth irritation but pose no systemic risk. |
| Parallel Peperomia | Peperomia puteolata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so Peperomia puteolata is regarded as pet-safe. There is no associated toxic principle, though ingestion of any houseplant can cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Parallel-stripe peperomia | Peperomia kaaraivittata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia kaaraivittata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, but the ASPCA lists every Peperomia species it reviews — including P. obtusifolia, P. argyreia, P. caperata, P. prostrata, and P. griseoargentea — as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no toxic member recorded. It is considered pet-safe on the basis of that clean genus record; consult your vet if a pet ingests a significant amount, as any plant can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Paris Market Carrot | Daucus carota 'Paris Market' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daucus carota (carrot) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. All parts — roots and foliage — are safe for pets and humans. |
| Parker's jasmine | Jasminum parkeri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Jasminum parkeri is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Jasminum has not been confirmed as ASPCA non-toxic, and isolated reports suggest mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets following ingestion of plant material. The plant is not from a highly toxic family, but treat with caution and keep away from pets that are prone to chewing plants. |
| Parkinson's Epidendrum | Epidendrum parkinsonianum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No toxic principle is documented in Epidendrum parkinsonianum. The ASPCA lists other Epidendrum species as non-toxic; E. parkinsonianum is not individually assessed but belongs to the same genus, which has no known toxic compounds. |
| neanthe bella palm | Chamaedorea elegans | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Chamaedorea elegans as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe choice for pet households. |
| Parlour Palm | Chamaedorea elegans | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (listed under Parlor Palm, Neanthe Bella Palm, Chamaedorea, and Dwarf Palm). No toxic compounds have been identified. |
| Tom Thumb Cactus | Parodia microsperma | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Parodia is not listed on the ASPCA's toxic plant database, and the cactus family is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The hooked central spines are the real hazard — they can snag skin and paws — so keep the plant out of pets' reach. |
| Parrot Feather Bromeliad | Vriesea psittacina | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. V. psittacina belongs to Bromeliaceae, a family with no documented toxic principles. |
| Parrot Gladiolus | Gladiolus dalenii | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Gladiolus are toxic to cats, dogs, and horses according to the ASPCA. The corms are the most concentrated source of toxic compounds; ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea. Contact with sap may irritate skin. |
| Parrot pitcher | Sarracenia psittacina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the related Darlingtonia californica in the same family Sarraceniaceae is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and parrot pitchers have no reported toxicity. Pitcher fluid contains only mild digestive enzymes and may cause minor, transient stomach upset if chewed. Low-risk; keep out of reach and consult a vet if a pet ingests pitcher fluid. |
| Parrot's Beak Heliconia | Heliconia psittacorum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia psittacorum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The plant's sap and tissues contain alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and saponins that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) and skin irritation if cats or dogs chew the plant; classified as mildly toxic — keep pets away from the plant as a precaution. |
| Persian Ironwood | Parrotia persica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Parrotia persica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No major toxic principle is documented, but ingestion of foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset as with many woody plants. |
| flat-leaf parsley | Petroselinum crispum | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists parsley as toxic to cats, dogs, and especially birds when eaten in large quantities, due to furanocoumarins. Culinary amounts are not a concern; concentrated essential oil or grazing on a whole plant is. |
| Parsley Fern | Cryptogramma crispa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cryptogramma is not assessed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and there are no published studies on toxicity to pets. Out of caution — and consistent with the principle of classifying unverified species as mildly-toxic rather than pet-safe — this species is given a precautionary mildly-toxic rating. No specific toxic principle is known. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| white carrot | Pastinaca sativa | edible | Mildly toxic | Parsnip foliage contains furocoumarins that cause phytophotodermatitis (skin burns in sunlight) — affects people and pets that brush against wet foliage in sun. |
| Gladiator parsnip | Pastinaca sativa 'Gladiator' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cultivated parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; the ASPCA 'poison parsnip' listing refers to water hemlock (Cicuta maculata), an unrelated plant. Pastinaca foliage and sap contain phototoxic furanocoumarins that can cause phytophotodermatitis; cultivated forms contain less than wild types but they remain present. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; discourage pets from chewing the tops. |
| Hollow Crown parsnip | Pastinaca sativa 'Hollow Crown' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cultivated parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant list; the ASPCA 'poison parsnip' entry is water hemlock (Cicuta maculata), an unrelated species. Parsnip foliage and sap contain phototoxic furanocoumarins (psoralens) that cause phytophotodermatitis in sunlight. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; keep pets from chewing the foliage and handle tops with gloves. |
| Javelin parsnip | Pastinaca sativa 'Javelin' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cultivated parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant list; the ASPCA 'poison parsnip' entry is actually water hemlock (Cicuta maculata), a different plant. The species contains furanocoumarins (psoralens) in foliage and sap that cause phytophotodermatitis in sunlight; cultivated forms hold less than wild parsnip but it is present. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; keep pets from chewing foliage. |
| Tender and True parsnip | Pastinaca sativa 'Tender and True' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pastinaca sativa is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Parsnip foliage and roots contain furanocoumarins that can cause photosensitivity and skin/contact irritation, plus possible gastrointestinal upset if eaten; sap on skin in sunlight can blister. Not confirmed pet-safe — treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Parsons Juniper | Juniperus chinensis 'Parsonii' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Juniperus / juniper as toxic to cats and dogs. Foliage and berries (cones) contain volatile oils that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and, in larger ingestions, kidney irritation. Keep pets from eating the plant or its berries and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Chinese Virginia creeper | Parthenocissus henryana | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Like other Parthenocissus it contains oxalic acid and insoluble oxalate crystals, concentrated in berries and leaves. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling and lethargy. Keep pets away from the dark berries and fallen foliage. |
| Virginia creeper | Parthenocissus quinquefolia | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Parthenocissus it contains oxalic acid and insoluble oxalate crystals, most concentrated in the berries and leaves. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling and lethargy. The blue-black berries are especially tempting to pets, so clear fallen fruit and keep animals away. |
| Boston ivy | Parthenocissus tricuspidata | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Parthenocissus contains oxalic acid and insoluble oxalate crystals, concentrated in the berries and leaves. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling and lethargy; the attractive berries are the main hazard. Treat as toxic and keep pets away from fallen fruit and foliage. |
| Partridge Pea | Chamaecrista fasciculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Seeds and pods contain anthraquinone compounds; ingestion may cause gastrointestinal distress including vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal colic in dogs and cats. Not formally on the ASPCA toxic plant list for companion animals, but related Chamaecrista and Senna species are consistently reported as GI irritants in livestock and pets. |
| Partridgeberry | Mitchella repens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mitchella repens is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. No toxic principles have been identified in the genus, and multiple horticultural and veterinary sources consider it non-toxic to cats and dogs. The bright red berries are edible to wildlife and have been used traditionally by humans. As with any plant, large ingestions may cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Incense Passionflower | Passiflora 'Incense' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Passiflora is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but it is not confirmed pet-safe either; the leaves and stems of many passionflowers contain cyanogenic glycosides that can cause stomach upset, drooling, or lethargy if eaten. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; prevent pets from chewing the foliage. |
| winged-stem passionflower | Passiflora alata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Passiflora is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed. As with other passionflowers, the leaves, stems and unripe fruit contain cyanogenic glycosides capable of releasing cyanide if eaten in quantity. Treat as a caution plant: keep pets from the foliage and green fruit, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| blue passionflower | Passiflora caerulea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Passiflora caerulea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database. The leaves, stems and unripe fruit contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can cause gastrointestinal upset and, in quantity, more serious effects in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic, keep pets from chewing the foliage, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| red passionflower | Passiflora coccinea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Passiflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; foliage and unripe fruit contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release small amounts of cyanide and irritate the digestive tract. Treat with caution, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| passion fruit | Passiflora edulis | edible | Mildly toxic | Passiflora is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Ripe fruit is edible, but leaves, stems, unripe green fruit and the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide if chewed in quantity. Treat as a caution plant for pets, keep them from foliage and unripe fruit, and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| maypop | Passiflora incarnata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Passiflora is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database (the ASPCA 'Purple Passion Vine' entry refers to Gynura aurantiaca, not Passiflora), so its pet status is not officially confirmed. The leaves and unripe fruit contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide; treat as a caution plant, keep pets from grazing foliage or green fruit, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| giant granadilla | Passiflora quadrangularis | edible | Mildly toxic | The ripe pulp is a recognised edible fruit, but Passiflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA for pets, and the leaves, stems and unripe fruit contain cyanogenic glycosides that can cause digestive upset. Keep pets from chewing foliage or green fruit, treat with caution, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| red passionflower | Passiflora racemosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Passiflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe claim cannot be made; leaves and unripe fruit hold cyanogenic glycosides capable of releasing trace cyanide and irritating the gut. Discourage pets from chewing, treat with caution, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Pat Austin | Rosa 'Pat Austin' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species, family Rosaceae, no toxic principle identified). Thorns can scratch or puncture, so position away from areas where pets roam. |
| Patriot blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Patriot' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Vaccinium fruit and foliage are safe for pets; only ingestion of large amounts of plant matter may cause mild stomach upset. |
| patty pan squash | Cucurbita pepo 'Sunburst' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita squashes are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and cooked squash flesh is a common safe pet treat. Rarely, a stressed plant produces high cucurbitacin levels making fruit very bitter and capable of digestive upset, so discard any intensely bitter squash. |
| Pau's Germander | Teucrium carolipaui | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Teucrium species, T. carolipaui is expected to contain neoclerodane diterpenes with hepatotoxic potential, in line with the documented chemistry of the genus (teucrin A and related compounds). It is not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Ingestion by pets or people should be avoided. |
| Paul Robeson tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Paul Robeson' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Solanum lycopersicum). The toxic principle is solanine, concentrated in leaves, stems and unripe green fruit; signs include hypersalivation, inappetence, severe GI upset, weakness, dilated pupils and slow heart rate. Only the fully ripe fruit is non-toxic. |
| Paul's Glory hosta | Hosta 'Paul's Glory' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep pets from chewing the leaves and dispose of divisions safely. |
| Paul's Himalayan Musk | Rosa 'Paul's Himalayan Musk' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Rosa). The chief hazard is mechanical, not chemical — the thorns can scratch curious pets and people; ingested petals or hips are not poisonous. |
| Foxglove Tree | Paulownia tomentosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Paulownia tomentosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and published sources conflict on its pet safety; the seeds and leaves may cause gastrointestinal upset if eaten. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Allegheny pawpaw | Asimina triloba 'Allegheny' | edible | Mildly toxic | Uncertain status. Asimina triloba is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so it cannot be labelled pet-safe. The seeds, leaves, bark and twigs contain acetogenins (annonacin, asimicin) and the seeds are emetic; ingesting seeds, unripe fruit or foliage can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Ripe pulp is eaten by people; keep animals from seeds and leaves and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Mango pawpaw | Asimina triloba 'Mango' | edible | Mildly toxic | Uncertain status. Asimina triloba is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so it cannot be called pet-safe. The seeds, leaves, bark and twigs contain acetogenins (annonacin, asimicin) and the seeds are emetic; ingesting seeds, unripe fruit or foliage can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Ripe pulp is eaten by people; keep animals away from seeds and leaves and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Overleese pawpaw | Asimina triloba 'Overleese' | edible | Mildly toxic | Uncertain status. Asimina triloba is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so a pet-safe claim is not supported. The seeds, leaves, bark and twigs contain acetogenins (annonacin, asimicin) and the seeds are emetic; chewing seeds, unripe fruit or foliage can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Ripe pulp is eaten by people; keep pets from seeds and leaves and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Rappahannock pawpaw | Asimina triloba 'Rappahannock' | edible | Mildly toxic | Uncertain status. Asimina triloba is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so a pet-safe claim is not supported. The seeds, leaves, bark and twigs contain acetogenins (annonacin, asimicin) and the seeds are emetic; chewing seeds, unripe fruit or foliage can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Ripe pulp is eaten by people; keep pets from seeds and leaves and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Shenandoah pawpaw | Asimina triloba 'Shenandoah' | edible | Mildly toxic | Uncertain status. Asimina triloba is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so it cannot be called pet-safe. The seeds, leaves, bark and twigs contain acetogenins (annonacin, asimicin) and the seeds are reported emetic; unripe fruit and crushed seeds can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. Ripe pulp is eaten by people, but keep pets from seeds and foliage and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Susquehanna pawpaw | Asimina triloba 'Susquehanna' | edible | Mildly toxic | Uncertain status. Asimina triloba is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so it cannot be labelled pet-safe. The seeds, leaves, bark and twigs contain acetogenins (annonacin, asimicin) and the seeds are emetic; chewing seeds, unripe fruit or foliage can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Ripe pulp is eaten by people; keep animals from seeds and leaves and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Pax gooseberry | Ribes uva-crispa 'Pax' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes uva-crispa is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and the ripe fruit is edible. No toxic principle is recognised for the foliage or berries. Feed fruit to pets only in small amounts, as overindulgence in any fruit can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Paz's wax plant | Hoya paziae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists wax plants in the genus Hoya as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya paziae is regarded as safe in a pet household, though ingesting large amounts of any plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| garden pea | Pisum sativum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Pisum sativum as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| spathiphyllum | Spathiphyllum wallisii | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Spathiphyllum as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Symptoms include drooling, oral pain, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Peace Rose | Rosa 'Peace' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Rosa, true roses). The plant itself poses no poisoning risk, though thorns can cause physical injury. |
| peach palm | Bactris gasipaes | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Bactris does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic lists; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet. Importantly, the raw fruit contains irritating calcium oxalate crystals that are destroyed only by thorough cooking, so raw fruit should be kept away from pets; pet safety is otherwise ASPCA-unconfirmed, so it must not be labelled pet-safe. The sharp stem spines are also a physical hazard. |
| Reliance peach | Prunus persica 'Reliance' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Prunus (peach/plum group) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, stems, and the stone/kernel contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide on chewing, causing panting, dilated pupils, brick-red gums, and shock. The ripe flesh is not toxic — the danger is pits and wilted foliage. |
| Rochester peach | Prunus persica 'Rochester' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Prunus (peach) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, twigs, and the stone/kernel contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed, causing dilated pupils, bright-red gums, breathing difficulty, and shock. Ripe flesh is safe — keep pets away from pits and prunings. |
| peacock spikemoss | Selaginella uncinata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Selaginella uncinata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus is clean: the ASPCA lists the closely related Selaginella kraussiana (Krauss' spikemoss / club moss) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and no Selaginella species appears on its toxic list. It is therefore treated as pet-safe — but verify with your vet before relying on this, especially if a pet is a persistent chewer. |
| Peacock Ginger | Kaempferia roscoeana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the genus Kaempferia as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Consumption of any plant material in quantity may cause minor gastrointestinal upset but is not considered toxic. |
| Peacock moraea | Moraea villosa | flowering | Toxic | Moraea villosa, in common with other Moraea species, is considered dangerous if consumed by cats, dogs, or children, based on the known cardiac glycoside content of the genus (bufadienolide-type compounds). Multiple sources advise against keeping this plant in homes with pets. No individual ASPCA listing exists, but the genus is classified as a cardiac glycoside-bearing toxic plant. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| Peacock Pink | Dianthus pavonius | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a member of the genus Dianthus, this species carries the ASPCA's mild toxicity designation for dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; skin contact can cause mild irritation. Not life-threatening. |
| Peacock plant | Goeppertia makoyana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and the peacock plant belongs to this group. North Carolina Extension also classes Goeppertia makoyana as non-toxic. As with any houseplant, a pet that eats a large quantity of the fibrous leaves may get a mild, transient stomach upset, but no toxic compounds are involved. |
| Peacock Plant | Calathea makoyana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the peacock plant belongs to this group (now reclassified as Goeppertia makoyana). As with any houseplant, a pet that eats a large quantity of fibrous leaves may experience mild, transient stomach upset, but no toxic compounds are present. |
| Peanut cactus | Echinopsis chamaecereus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echinopsis chamaecereus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Easter Lily Cactus (Echinopsis multiplex), Cactaceae, as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and lists no Echinopsis species as toxic. Treat as pet-safe but verify with your vet. The bristly spines are a physical hazard to curious pets and people. |
| Pearl plant | Haworthia margaritifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Haworthia and the closely related zebra/pearl haworthias appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list with Gasteria). No toxic principle of concern; large amounts chewed may cause mild stomach upset, as with any plant. |
| Zebra Wart | Haworthiopsis fasciata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Haworthia and related Haworthiopsis are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. They are a common recommendation as a pet-safe succulent. Mild stomach upset is still possible if a pet eats a lot, so discourage chewing. |
| Pearson's Tylecodon | Tylecodon pearsonii | houseplant | Toxic | Contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (cotyledoside and related tyledosides) common to the Tylecodon genus. These compounds are neurotoxic and cardiotoxic, causing krimpsiekte in livestock and posing serious risk to pets and humans. Not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but toxicity across the genus is documented in peer-reviewed veterinary science (NCBI/PMC) and by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). Treat as severely toxic. |
| Caddo pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Caddo' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and no Carya species carries a plant-toxicity listing. The foliage and tree are not a poisoning hazard, but the nuts should not be given to pets: pecans contain juglone, and fallen or stored nuts can develop aflatoxin and tremorgenic moulds that cause vomiting, liver damage or seizures, while their high fat can trigger pancreatitis. Pick up dropped nuts. |
| Cape Fear pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Cape Fear' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists related hickories such as water hickory/bitter pecan (Carya aquatica) as non-toxic, and pecan foliage is not classed among toxic plants. However, pecan nuts contain juglone and the high-fat kernels readily develop mold harbouring tremorgenic mycotoxins and aflatoxin, which can cause gastrointestinal upset, tremors, seizures and pancreatitis in dogs. Keep fallen and moldy nuts away from pets and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Cheyenne pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Cheyenne' | edible | Mildly toxic | The related Bitter Pecan (Carya aquatica) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the tree is not acutely poisonous. Even so, pecan nuts are not pet-safe to consume: they carry juglone, readily develop aflatoxin and tremorgenic mould toxins that can trigger vomiting, tremors and seizures in dogs, and their fat content risks pancreatitis. Keep dropped nuts out of pets' reach and call a vet if eaten. |
| Desirable pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Desirable' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) is classed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (its genus, including Carya/hickory, carries no plant-toxicity listing). However, this does not make the nuts a safe treat: pecans contain juglone and stored or fallen nuts readily develop aflatoxin and tremorgenic moulds that can cause vomiting, liver damage or seizures, and their high fat can trigger pancreatitis. Keep dropped nuts away from pets. |
| Elliot pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Elliot' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and no Carya/hickory species carries a plant-toxicity listing. The tree and leaves are not a poisoning hazard, but the nuts should not be fed to pets: pecans contain juglone, and fallen or stored nuts can grow aflatoxin and tremorgenic moulds that cause vomiting, liver damage or seizures, while their high fat can trigger pancreatitis. Clear dropped nuts. |
| Kiowa pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Kiowa' | edible | Mildly toxic | The closely related Bitter Pecan (Carya aquatica) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the pecan tree itself is not classed as acutely poisonous. However, pecan nuts are not pet-safe to eat: they contain juglone and are very prone to aflatoxin-producing mould and tremorgenic mycotoxins that can cause vomiting, tremors and seizures in dogs, and their high fat content risks pancreatitis. Keep fallen nuts away from pets and consult a vet on ingestion. |
| Oconee pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Oconee' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pecan and hickory (genus Carya) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (e.g. bitter pecan and several hickories appear on the non-toxic plant lists). The living tree is not poisonous; however, the harvested nuts are high in fat and, if mouldy, can carry aflatoxins and juglone that cause GI upset in dogs, so nuts should not be fed to pets even though the plant itself is non-toxic. |
| Pawnee pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Pawnee' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the Carya genus carries no plant-toxicity listing. The foliage and tree are not a poisoning hazard, but the nuts are not a safe pet treat: pecans contain juglone, and fallen or stored nuts can develop aflatoxin and tremorgenic moulds causing vomiting, liver injury or seizures, while their high fat can cause pancreatitis. Remove dropped nuts. |
| Sumner pecan | Carya illinoinensis 'Sumner' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the Carya genus carries no plant-toxicity listing. The tree itself is not a poisoning hazard, but the nuts are not a safe pet treat: pecans contain juglone, and fallen or stored nuts readily develop aflatoxin and tremorgenic moulds causing vomiting, liver damage or seizures, while their high fat can cause pancreatitis. Remove dropped nuts from reach. |
| Peculiar Cheiridopsis | Cheiridopsis peculiaris | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cheiridopsis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family, which includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic genera such as Lithops and Lampranthus, has no reported toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. Ingestion in quantity is not encouraged but is not expected to cause serious harm. |
| Pedalai | Artocarpus sericicarpus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Artocarpus sericicarpus (Moraceae) is not listed by ASPCA. As with other Artocarpus species, the latex sap may cause mild skin irritation on direct contact, but no systemic toxic principles are documented. The fruits are consumed by humans and forest wildlife in Borneo without reported toxicity. |
| Ardens pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Ardens' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Pelargonium hybrid it is covered by the ASPCA listing of Geranium and Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic; the toxic principle is essential oils (geraniol and linalool). Signs are primarily GI upset, with ataxia, muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia in larger exposures, and cats are most sensitive. |
| Stellar pelargonium Bird Dancer | Pelargonium 'Bird Dancer' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Keep this small pot plant where pets cannot reach it. |
| Chocolate mint pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Chocolate Mint' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Clorinda scented pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Clorinda' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA classes scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. Its essential oils, geraniol and linalool, cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis; cats are most sensitive, with ataxia, muscle weakness and hypothermia possible after larger exposures. Keep this large scented cultivar away from pets and seek veterinary advice if eaten. |
| Copthorne scented pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Copthorne' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. Its essential oils, geraniol and linalool, cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis; cats are most sensitive and may show ataxia, muscle weakness and hypothermia after larger exposures. Site it away from pets and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| Deacon Barbecue pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Deacon Barbecue' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium) as toxic to cats and dogs; geraniol and linalool are the toxic principles. Ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep away from pets that nibble plants. |
| Deacon Fireball pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Deacon Fireball' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Geranium (Pelargonium) as toxic to cats and dogs, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Deacon Mandarin pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Deacon Mandarin' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium) as toxic to cats and dogs; geraniol and linalool are the toxic principles. Ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep away from curious pets. |
| Distinction geranium | Pelargonium 'Distinction' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium) as toxic to cats and dogs, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles. Ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Position out of reach of pets. |
| Dolly Varden geranium | Pelargonium 'Dolly Varden' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are the essential oils geraniol and linalool; ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep this cultivar away from pets. |
| Fair Ellen pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Fair Ellen' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs, cats being most sensitive; the toxic principle is the leaf essential oils. Typical signs are vomiting and loss of appetite, with depression, ataxia or hypothermia possible after larger ingestions. Keep away from pets. |
| Flower of Spring geranium | Pelargonium 'Flower of Spring' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, due to the essential oils geraniol and linalool. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep away from pets. |
| Variegated nutmeg geranium | Pelargonium 'Fragrans Variegatum' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. Its essential oils, geraniol and linalool, cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis; cats are most sensitive and may show ataxia, weakness and hypothermia in larger exposures. Keep this variegated nutmeg geranium away from pets and seek veterinary care if eaten. |
| Nutmeg geranium | Pelargonium 'Fragrans' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The essential oils geraniol and linalool cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis; cats are most affected, with ataxia, weakness and hypothermia possible in larger doses. Keep this nutmeg-scented plant away from pets and consult a vet on ingestion. |
| Frank Headley geranium | Pelargonium 'Frank Headley' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium) as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principles are geraniol and linalool. Ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep away from pets that chew plants. |
| Ginger-scented pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Ginger' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The essential oils geraniol and linalool cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis; cats are most sensitive and may show ataxia, muscle weakness and hypothermia after larger exposures. Keep this ginger-scented geranium away from pets and contact a vet if ingested. |
| Happy Thought geranium | Pelargonium 'Happy Thought' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Geranium (Pelargonium) as toxic to cats and dogs, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression and skin dermatitis. Site out of reach of curious pets. |
| Scented pelargonium Lara Starshine | Pelargonium 'Lara Starshine' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium), which includes scented-leaved pelargoniums, as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Although the leaves are used to flavour culinary preparations for people, keep the plant out of reach of pets. |
| Lemon Fancy scented pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Lemon Fancy' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs, with cats most sensitive; the toxic principle is the leaf essential oils. Ingestion usually causes vomiting and reduced appetite, and larger amounts may bring on ataxia, muscle weakness or depression. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Regal pelargonium Lord Bute | Pelargonium 'Lord Bute' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles. Signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis; cats are most sensitive. Keep this cultivar away from pets. |
| Mabel Grey scented geranium | Pelargonium 'Mabel Grey' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA classes scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are essential oils (geraniol, linalool), producing vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis; cats are most affected, with ataxia, weakness and hypothermia possible in larger exposures. Keep out of pets' reach and call a vet if eaten. |
| Angel pelargonium Madame Layal | Pelargonium 'Madame Layal' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles. Signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this cultivar out of pets' reach. |
| Stellar pelargonium Mr Wren | Pelargonium 'Mr Wren' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Mrs Pollock geranium | Pelargonium 'Mrs Pollock' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium) as toxic to cats and dogs; geraniol and linalool are the toxic principles. Ingestion may cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Mystery unique pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Mystery' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The harmful compounds are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep this cultivar away from pets. |
| Occold Lagoon stellar geranium | Pelargonium 'Occold Lagoon' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Stellar pelargonium Occold Shield | Pelargonium 'Occold Shield' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Site it where pets cannot chew the leaves. |
| Paton's Unique pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Paton's Unique' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Pelargonium cultivar it falls under the ASPCA listing for Geranium and Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic, with essential oils (geraniol and linalool) as the toxic principle. Signs include GI upset and, in larger exposures, ataxia, muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia; cats are most sensitive. |
| Paul Crampel geranium | Pelargonium 'Paul Crampel' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Geranium (Pelargonium) as toxic to cats and dogs, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles. Ingestion may cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Orange-scented pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Prince of Orange' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA classes Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs, cats being most sensitive; the toxic principle is the leaf essential oils. Signs are mainly gastrointestinal (vomiting, anorexia), with muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia possible in larger ingestions. Keep away from pets. |
| Rollisson's Unique pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Rollisson's Unique' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with geraniol and linalool as the toxic principles. Ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Site away from curious pets. |
| Scarlet Unique pelargonium | Pelargonium 'Scarlet Unique' | flowering | Toxic | According to the ASPCA, Geranium (Pelargonium species) is toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion may cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Snowflake scented geranium | Pelargonium 'Snowflake' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs, with cats most sensitive; the toxic principle is the leaf essential oils. Ingestion typically causes vomiting and loss of appetite, with depression, ataxia or hypothermia in larger exposures. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Angel pelargonium Solferino | Pelargonium 'Solferino' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Stellar pelargonium Hannaford Star | Pelargonium 'Hannaford Star' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Angel pelargonium Tip Top Duet | Pelargonium 'Tip Top Duet' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Keep angel pelargoniums out of reach of pets. |
| Stellar pelargonium Vancouver Centennial | Pelargonium 'Vancouver Centennial' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, with ingestion causing vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Keep this cultivar out of reach of pets. |
| Wilhelm Langguth geranium | Pelargonium 'Wilhelm Langguth' | flowering | Toxic | Per the ASPCA, Geranium (Pelargonium species) is toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The harmful compounds are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion may cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Site out of reach of pets. |
| Rose pelargonium | Pelargonium capitatum | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. The essential oils geraniol and linalool cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis; cats are most sensitive and may develop ataxia, muscle weakness and hypothermia after larger exposures. Keep this rose-scented species away from pets and contact a vet if ingested. |
| Fleshy pelargonium | Pelargonium carnosum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Geranium and Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic, with essential oils (geraniol and linalool) as the toxic principle. Expect GI upset and, in larger exposures, ataxia, muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia; cats are most sensitive. |
| Citronella geranium | Pelargonium citronellum | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Lemon geranium | Pelargonium crispum | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Variegated lemon geranium | Pelargonium crispum 'Variegatum' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Cactus geranium | Pelargonium echinatum | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; as a Pelargonium, P. echinatum falls under this listing. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, with signs including vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep away from pets. |
| Scarlet pelargonium | Pelargonium fulgidum | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Geranium and Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic; the toxic principle is the essential oils geraniol and linalool. Clinical signs are primarily GI upset, with ataxia, muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia in larger exposures, and cats are most sensitive. |
| Knotted pelargonium | Pelargonium gibbosum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Geranium and Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic, the toxic principle being the essential oils geraniol and linalool. Signs are primarily GI upset, with ataxia, muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia in larger exposures; cats are most sensitive. |
| Attar of Roses geranium | Pelargonium graveolens 'Attar of Roses' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Grey Lady Plymouth scented geranium | Pelargonium graveolens 'Grey Lady Plymouth' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Lady Plymouth geranium | Pelargonium graveolens 'Lady Plymouth' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Apple geranium | Pelargonium odoratissimum | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic principles are the essential oils geraniol and linalool, causing vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis; cats are most sensitive and larger exposures may cause ataxia, muscle weakness and hypothermia. Keep away from pets and contact a vet on ingestion. |
| Amethyst ivy geranium | Pelargonium peltatum 'Amethyst' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principles are geraniol and linalool. Reported signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep this trailing pelargonium out of reach of pets, especially cats. |
| Barrocas ivy geranium | Pelargonium peltatum 'Barrocas' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Site baskets where pets cannot chew the trailing stems. |
| Balcony lilac geranium | Pelargonium peltatum 'Roi des Balcons Lilas' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classes Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principles are geraniol and linalool. Signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Site these trailing planters where pets, particularly cats, cannot reach them. |
| Sofie Cascade ivy geranium | Pelargonium peltatum 'Sofie Cascade' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principles are geraniol and linalool. Reported signs are vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep these trailing planters out of reach of pets, especially cats. |
| Tomcat ivy geranium | Pelargonium peltatum 'Tomcat' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep trailing stems out of pets' reach. |
| Oak-leaved pelargonium | Pelargonium quercifolium | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic to cats and dogs, with cats most sensitive; the toxic principle is the leaf essential oils. Ingestion usually causes vomiting and anorexia, with muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia in larger exposures. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Peppermint geranium | Pelargonium tomentosum | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant away from pets. |
| Sad geranium | Pelargonium triste | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and P. triste belongs to this genus. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion may cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep away from pets despite the alluring evening scent. |
| Rough-leaved pelargonium | Pelargonium x asperum | herb | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs despite culinary use of its leaves. The ASPCA classifies Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as toxic, the toxic principle being essential oils (geraniol and linalool). Signs are primarily GI upset, with ataxia, muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia in larger exposures; cats are most sensitive. Keep away from pets. |
| Burgundy regal geranium | Pelargonium x domesticum 'Burgundy' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, and ingestion causes vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep away from pets prone to chewing plants. |
| Carisbrooke regal pelargonium | Pelargonium x domesticum 'Carisbrooke' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, with ingestion causing vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep this plant away from pets that nibble foliage. |
| Chocolate Blotch regal pelargonium | Pelargonium x domesticum 'Chocolate Blotch' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| Hazel Carey regal pelargonium | Pelargonium x domesticum 'Hazel Carey' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; ingestion can cause vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep this plant out of pets' reach. |
| Lavender Grand Slam pelargonium | Pelargonium x domesticum 'Lavender Grand Slam' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, with ingestion causing vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis. Keep away from pets that chew houseplants. |
| Pelargonium-Flowered Stork's Bill | Erodium pelargoniiflorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium pelargoniiflorum is not listed as a toxic plant by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified for the genus Erodium. However, the ASPCA does not carry a confirmed 'non-toxic' entry for this exact species, so mildly-toxic is the cautious classification; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Consult a vet if a pet eats significant amounts. |
| Watermelon pellionia | Pellionia daveauana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Pellionia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (under Satin Pellionia, Pellionia pulchra, family Urticaceae); P. daveauana is the closely related sister species in the same genus and family, with no toxic principle reported. Note it is unrelated to true Begonia despite the trade name 'watermelon begonia'. Chewing may cause only mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Pelotazo Mallow | Abutilon incanum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abutilon is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs and is considered non-toxic; ingestion of any plant material in quantity may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Peltate-Leaf Peperomia | Peperomia peltifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles in this species; accidental ingestion is unlikely to cause more than mild, transient gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| Pemba Palm | Dypsis pembana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis pembana is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Arecaceae and the Dypsis genus — which includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic species — no toxic compounds are documented. The palm family is broadly regarded as safe for dogs and cats. Consult a vet if concerned. |
| Pencil cactus | Euphorbia tirucalli | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia tirucalli (pencil cactus) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; the toxic principle is its irritant milky latex, which causes mouth and stomach irritation and vomiting if chewed. The same sap is a serious irritant to humans — it can cause painful skin burns (contact dermatitis) and severe eye injury (keratitis/keratoconjunctivitis), so always wear gloves and eye protection when pruning or repotting, and keep it away from pets and children. |
| Coral Cactus | Rhipsalis cereuscula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Rhipsalis genus (mistletoe cacti) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA entry for Mistletoe Cactus (Rhipsalis cassutha) confirms non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As with any houseplant, nibbling can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| pencil pine | Athrotaxis cupressoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Athrotaxis is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats and dogs. Without an authoritative listing, treat it as uncertain — a potential GI irritant if ingested — and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety. |
| Pencil-leaf Tylecodon | Tylecodon cacalioides | houseplant | Toxic | All Tylecodon species, including T. cacalioides, contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (cotyledoside and tyledosides) — neurotoxic and cardiotoxic compounds documented in veterinary science literature (NCBI/PMC) and SANBI. The genus causes the livestock disease krimpsiekte in South Africa. Not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but genus toxicity is unambiguous. Keep all plant parts away from cats, dogs, and other pets. |
| Pencilled cranesbill | Geranium versicolor | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species including G. versicolor are classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The toxic 'geraniums' in pet-safety warnings are Pelargonium species, not true Geranium. |
| pendulous homalomena | Homalomena pendula | houseplant | Toxic | Homalomena pendula is an Araceae aroid containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in all plant parts. Ingestion causes immediate oral burning, salivation, swelling, and vomiting in dogs, cats, and humans. ASPCA recognises the Homalomena genus as toxic to dogs and cats. Keep away from all pets and children. |
| Penelope | Rosa 'Penelope' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species, 'Rose', non-toxic, no toxic principle). The foliage, flowers and hips are not poisonous; only the physical prickles and thorns pose any hazard through scratching. |
| red bunny tails grass | Pennisetum massaicum 'Red Bunny Tails' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA notes fountain grasses (Pennisetum) as non-toxic to pets, so 'Red Bunny Tails' is considered pet-safe. The practical caution is mechanical rather than chemical: the fine flower awns and seed heads can occasionally lodge in a pet's mouth or coat, and any plant material eaten in quantity may cause mild stomach upset. |
| pennsylvania sedge | Carex pensylvanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (sedge) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The grassy foliage may cause mild stomach upset if grazed in quantity. |
| Penny Mountain Thyme | Thymus pulegium | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus (thyme) species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Thymus pulegium is a thyme-family herb; culinary thyme genera are considered pet-safe. Note: true pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is a separate, toxic species — this is Thymus pulegium, which does not share that toxicity. |
| European Pennyroyal | Mentha pulegium | herb | Toxic | Pennyroyal is among the most dangerous mints: it falls under the ASPCA's toxic Mint (Mentha sp., Lamiaceae) listing, and its essential oil is rich in pulegone, a potent hepatotoxin. Ingestion can cause liver damage, seizures and death — cats are especially vulnerable, and the concentrated oil is hazardous to people too. Never use it as food or near grazing pets. |
| Garnet beardtongue | Penstemon 'Garnet' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. Some penstemons can accumulate selenium, a further reason not to let pets graze it. |
| Husker Red penstemon | Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety. Penstemon species can accumulate selenium from soil, which is harmful in quantity, so discourage pets from grazing it. |
| Raven beardtongue | Penstemon 'Raven' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. Penstemons can accumulate selenium, so discourage pets from grazing it. |
| Sour Grapes beardtongue | Penstemon 'Sour Grapes' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its safety is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As penstemons can accumulate selenium, avoid letting pets eat it. |
| Stapleford Gem beardtongue | Penstemon 'Stapleford Gem' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; some reports note selenium accumulation in the genus. Treat with caution, keep pets from grazing it, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Rondo beardtongue | Penstemon barbatus 'Rondo' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety. Penstemon can take up selenium from soil, which is toxic in excess, so prevent pets from grazing on it. |
| Electric Blue penstemon | Penstemon heterophyllus 'Electric Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is undetermined; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety. Penstemon can accumulate soil selenium, which is harmful in quantity, so keep pets from grazing it. |
| Penther's Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus pentherianus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles are documented for the genus. |
| herbaceous peony | Paeonia | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Paeonia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to paeonol. Symptoms include vomiting and diarrhoea; serious cases are rare. |
| Chinese peony | Paeonia lactiflora 'Sarah Bernhardt' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists peony (Paeonia) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is paeonol, concentrated in the bark but present throughout the plant; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. |
| Peony Lotus | Nelumbo nucifera 'Momo Botan' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nelumbo nucifera is not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Various plant alkaloids (nuciferine, roemerine) are present in lotus tissues and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if eaten in quantity. Rhizomes, seeds, and leaves are widely consumed by humans in Asia. Classified mildly-toxic out of caution for pets; seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| baby rubber plant | Peperomia obtusifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Still worth discouraging chewing — leaf damage is unsightly. |
| Silver Frost Peperomia | Peperomia caperata 'Frost' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia caperata is the Emerald Ripple Peperomia on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and 'Frost' shares this status, making it pet-safe. |
| Acorn Peperomia | Peperomia tetraphylla 'Hope' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus is recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic, so 'Hope' is a safe trailing choice for homes with pets. |
| Napoli Nights peperomia | Peperomia 'Napoli Nights' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a Peperomia hybrid, 'Napoli Nights' falls under the genus Peperomia, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It carries no toxic principles of concern and is well suited to pet homes. Eating large amounts can still cause minor, transient stomach upset. |
| dark Napoli peperomia | Peperomia 'Napoli Nights Dark' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs and carries no toxic principle of concern. Safe around pets; at most, nibbling may cause minor stomach upset as with any houseplant. |
| peppermill peperomia | Peperomia obtusifolia 'Greengold' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia obtusifolia and the wider genus Peperomia are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The 'Greengold' / 'Peppermill' cultivar shares this status with no toxic principles of concern, making it a reliable pick for pet homes. Eating large amounts may still cause mild digestive upset. |
| Pixie Lime Peperomia | Peperomia orba 'Pixie Lime' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so 'Pixie Lime' is considered pet-safe. No toxic principle is associated with it, though nibbling any houseplant may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Quito peperomia | Peperomia 'Quito' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs and contains no toxic principle of concern. Safe to grow around pets, including in hanging displays; nibbling may at most cause mild stomach upset. |
| Rana Verde peperomia | Peperomia 'Rana Verde' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle of concern. Safe to keep around pets; as with any houseplant, nibbling may occasionally cause mild digestive upset. |
| Schumi Red Peperomia | Peperomia caperata 'Schumi Red' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so 'Schumi Red' is considered pet-safe. No toxic principle is associated with it, although chewing foliage may cause mild, temporary stomach upset in some animals. |
| rainbow peperomia | Peperomia clusiifolia 'Rainbow' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This is a cultivar of Peperomia clusiifolia, and the genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It carries no toxic principles of concern, making it pet-safe. As with any plant, large amounts eaten can still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| ivy peperomia | Peperomia albovittata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Peperomia albovittata falls under that classification. It contains no known toxic principles harmful to pets. Persistent chewing of any houseplant can cause minor stomach upset, so it is still best discouraged. |
| mini ivy peperomia | Peperomia albovittata 'Minima' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at the genus level, with multiple Peperomia species individually confirmed non-toxic. No toxic principle reported; safe to keep around pets. |
| Rana Verde peperomia | Peperomia albovittata 'Rana Verde' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a member of the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs, 'Rana Verde' is safe around pets. Eating large amounts could still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| beetle peperomia | Peperomia angulata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The entire Peperomia genus is classified by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center as non-toxic, so this species is safe in homes with curious pets. Heavy nibbling may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| soccer ball peperomia | Peperomia argyreia 'Soccer Ball' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The parent species Peperomia argyreia (watermelon peperomia) is individually named on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and the wider Peperomia genus is recognised as pet-safe. |
| arum-leaf peperomia | Peperomia arifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus is recognised by the ASPCA as pet-safe, with several species individually named on the non-toxic list. |
| rough peperomia | Peperomia asperula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at the genus level, with several Peperomia species individually confirmed non-toxic. No toxic principle is reported; safe to keep around pets. |
| taco peperomia | Peperomia axillaris | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: Peperomia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no reported toxic principle. Taco peperomia is safe to keep around pets. |
| bland peperomia | Peperomia blanda | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus is recognised by the ASPCA as pet-safe, with multiple species named individually on the non-toxic list. |
| burgundy ripple peperomia | Peperomia caperata 'Burgundy' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia caperata, like the wider genus Peperomia, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The 'Burgundy' cultivar shares this status and carries no toxic principles of concern, making it a popular choice for pet households. Mild stomach upset is still possible if a pet eats large amounts. |
| luna red peperomia | Peperomia caperata 'Luna Red' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia caperata belongs to the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, so 'Luna Red' is pet-safe. Eating large amounts may still cause minor, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| red ripple peperomia | Peperomia caperata 'Red Ripple' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia caperata and the wider Peperomia genus are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle of concern. Safe to keep around pets; nibbling may at most cause mild digestive upset. |
| Rosso Peperomia | Peperomia caperata 'Rosso' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia caperata is the Emerald Ripple Peperomia on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and 'Rosso' shares that status, making it a safe choice for pet households. |
| Suzanne peperomia | Peperomia caperata 'Suzanne' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Peperomia caperata (emerald ripple peperomia) is individually confirmed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. No toxic principle; safe around pets. |
| Teresa peperomia | Peperomia caperata 'Teresa' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus is recognised by the ASPCA as pet-safe; the species P. caperata and its cultivars sit within this non-toxic grouping. |
| red-edge peperomia | Peperomia clusiifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia clusiifolia is considered safe for homes with pets; no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principles of concern. As always, discourage habitual chewing, which can still cause mild digestive upset in any plant. |
| column peperomia | Peperomia columella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia columella belongs to the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so it is pet-safe. As with any plant, large quantities eaten may cause mild digestive upset. |
| thick-leaf peperomia | Peperomia crassifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle of concern. Safe around pets; as with any plant, nibbling may occasionally cause minor digestive upset. |
| speckled peperomia | Peperomia deppeana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Peperomia, it falls under the genus the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic, with several species named on its non-toxic list. No recognised toxic principle; chewing may cause only mild, temporary stomach upset from the plant material. |
| prayer pepper | Peperomia dolabriformis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a member of the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic (with several species listed by name), it carries no recognised toxic principle. Ingestion may cause at most mild stomach upset from the plant material. |
| Ecklon's peperomia | Peperomia ecklonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus is recognised by the ASPCA as pet-safe, with multiple species individually named on the non-toxic plant list. |
| elongated peperomia | Peperomia elongata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs and contains no toxic principle of concern. Safe around pets; nibbling may at most cause minor stomach upset as with any houseplant. |
| mini peperomia | Peperomia emarginella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Peperomia, a genus the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs, this species is pet-safe. Eating a large amount may still cause minor, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| abundant-flower peperomia | Peperomia floribunda | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle of concern. Safe to grow around pets; nibbling any houseplant may at most cause mild digestive upset. |
| flowering peperomia | Peperomia fraseri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia fraseri is part of the genus Peperomia, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It carries no toxic principles of concern and is safe for pet households. As with any plant, eating large amounts can still cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Peperomia Frost | Peperomia caperata 'Frost' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia caperata (as Emerald Ripple / Green Ripple Peperomia, family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and 'Frost' is a cultivar of that species. Other Peperomia species in the ASPCA database are likewise non-toxic, so the genus is clean; even so, nibbling can cause mild stomach upset, so verify with a vet if your pet ingests a large amount. |
| Peperomia Ginny | Peperomia clusiifolia 'Ginny' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia clusiifolia 'Ginny' is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but multiple Peperomia species (P. obtusifolia, P. prostrata, P. griseoargentea, P. caperata) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no Peperomia is listed as toxic, so the genus is considered safe. Verify with your vet for your specific pet. |
| cypress peperomia | Peperomia glabella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: the genus Peperomia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no reported toxic principle. Cypress peperomia is safe in pet households. |
| variegated cypress peperomia | Peperomia glabella 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: Peperomia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no reported toxic principle. This variegated cypress peperomia cultivar is safe around pets, as variegation does not alter toxicity. |
| ruby glow peperomia | Peperomia graveolens 'Ruby Glow' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so this succulent species is pet-safe; as with any plant, ingestion may cause minor digestive upset. |
| Hoffmann's peperomia | Peperomia hoffmannii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus is recognised by the ASPCA as pet-safe, with several species (e.g. P. obtusifolia, P. hederifolia, P. prostrata) named on the non-toxic list. |
| Peperomia Hope | Peperomia tetraphylla 'Hope' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia tetraphylla 'Hope' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species (including P. prostrata, P. obtusifolia, P. caperata and P. griseoargentea) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, and lists no toxic members of the genus. Treated as pet-safe on that basis; still verify with your vet and discourage nibbling, as any plant can upset a pet's stomach. |
| felted peperomia | Peperomia incana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It belongs to the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic, with several species named on its non-toxic list. No recognised toxic principle; nibbling may cause only mild, transient digestive upset from the plant matter. |
| cilantro peperomia | Peperomia maculosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: Peperomia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no reported toxic principle. Cilantro peperomia is safe to grow around pets. |
| magnolia-leaf peperomia | Peperomia magnoliifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so magnolia-leaf peperomia is pet-safe; nibbling foliage may cause only mild, transient stomach upset. |
| variegated desert privet | Peperomia magnoliifolia 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so this variegated cultivar is pet-safe; ingestion of foliage may cause only mild digestive upset. |
| silver heart peperomia | Peperomia marmorata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia marmorata is part of the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so it is pet-safe. Consuming large amounts may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| shiny peperomia | Peperomia nitida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: Peperomia species are classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs. There is no reported toxic principle, so shiny peperomia is safe around curious pets. |
| variegated shiny peperomia | Peperomia nitida 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so this variegated nitida is safe around pets, with only mild GI upset possible if a curious animal chews the foliage. |
| snowfield peperomia | Peperomia nivalis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at the genus level, with multiple Peperomia species individually confirmed non-toxic. No toxic principle reported; safe around cats and dogs. |
| golden gate peperomia | Peperomia obtusifolia 'Golden Gate' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia obtusifolia (baby rubber plant) is named explicitly on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, and the genus as a whole is classified non-toxic, so 'Golden Gate' is safe around pets. Large quantities may still cause mild digestive upset. |
| lemon lime peperomia | Peperomia obtusifolia 'Lemon Lime' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia is included on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so 'Lemon Lime' poses no oxalate or alkaloid poisoning risk, though nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| marble peperomia | Peperomia obtusifolia 'Marble' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Peperomia obtusifolia (baby rubber plant) is individually confirmed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. No toxic principle; safe around pets. |
| variegated baby rubber plant | Peperomia obtusifolia 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia obtusifolia (baby rubber plant) appears by name on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and the cultivar shares that status. Ingestion may cause mild stomach upset simply from plant matter, but it carries no recognised toxic principle. |
| teardrop peperomia | Peperomia orba | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia orba is part of the Peperomia genus, classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so it is pet-safe. As with any houseplant, eating large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Pepperspot Peperomia | Peperomia rubella | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The entire Peperomia genus is classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, so Pepperspot is safe around pets, though ingestion of any plant can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| slit-leaf peperomia | Peperomia perciliata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at the genus level, with multiple Peperomia species individually confirmed non-toxic. No toxic principle reported; safe to grow around pets. |
| pereskia-leaf peperomia | Peperomia pereskiifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It belongs to the Peperomia genus, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic, with several species named individually on its non-toxic list. No recognised toxic principle; ingestion may cause only mild, transient digestive upset from the plant matter. |
| false variegated peperomia | Peperomia pseudovariegata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at the genus level, with several Peperomia species individually confirmed non-toxic. No toxic principle is reported; safe to grow with pets in the home. |
| Rosso radiator plant | Peperomia caperata 'Rosso' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Peperomia caperata (as emerald/green ripple peperomia, family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and 'Rosso' is a cultivar of that species. Chewing can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| trailing jade peperomia | Peperomia rotundifolia 'Trailing Jade' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia rotundifolia is part of the ASPCA non-toxic Peperomia genus (Trailing Peperomia, Baby Rubber Plant and others are listed safe for cats and dogs), with no toxic principle reported. Ingestion may cause only mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Zippy pepper spot | Peperomia rubella 'Zippy' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so 'Zippy' is pet-safe; as with any houseplant, chewing may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| false-philodendron peperomia | Peperomia scandens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Despite the 'false-philodendron' nickname it is a true Peperomia, not an aroid, and the genus is on the ASPCA non-toxic list (including 'Trailing Peperomia'). No toxic calcium oxalates; ingestion may cause only mild digestive upset from the plant material. |
| vining peperomia | Peperomia serpens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at the genus level, with multiple Peperomia species individually confirmed non-toxic (including trailing peperomia, P. prostrata). No toxic principle; safe to grow around pets. |
| parallel peperomia | Peperomia tetragona | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: the genus Peperomia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no reported toxic principle. Parallel peperomia is a safe pick for homes with pets. |
| four-leaved peperomia | Peperomia tetraphylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Peperomia genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (e.g. Baby Rubber Plant, Trailing Peperomia, Blunt Leaf Peperomia), with no toxic principle reported. Peperomia tetraphylla shares this status; nibbling causes only minor, passing stomach upset at most. |
| three-leaf peperomia | Peperomia trifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Peperomia is classed as non-toxic). Safe around pets, though as with any houseplant it is not meant to be eaten. |
| three-nerved peperomia | Peperomia trinervula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: the genus Peperomia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no reported toxic principle. Three-nerved peperomia is safe around cats and dogs. |
| tail-fruited peperomia | Peperomia urocarpa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia urocarpa belongs to the genus Peperomia, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It contains no toxic principles of concern and is considered pet-safe. As with any houseplant, eating large amounts can still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| velvet peperomia | Peperomia velutina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: the genus Peperomia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, making velvet peperomia a safe choice for pet households. |
| whorled peperomia | Peperomia verticillata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Peperomia genus is classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, with multiple species named on its non-toxic list. There is no toxic principle of concern; chewing may cause only mild, temporary stomach upset from plant matter. |
| green-spike peperomia | Peperomia viridispica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principles of concern; safe to grow around pets, though nibbling any houseplant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Pepino dulce | Solanum muricatum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic. The ASPCA lists multiple Solanum (nightshade) species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principle is solanine and related glycoalkaloids concentrated in leaves, stems and unripe green fruit. Ripe fruit is eaten by people, but foliage and immature fruit can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and dilated pupils in pets. |
| bell pepper | Capsicum annuum | edible | Mildly toxic | Pepper foliage contains solanine and can irritate pets that chew it. Ripe fruit is generally safe but very spicy varieties can upset stomachs. |
| Brandy Mint | Mentha × piperita | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Mint (Mentha sp., family Lamiaceae) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses; the toxic principle is essential oils, and large ingestions cause vomiting and diarrhea. Peppermint is especially oil-rich, so keep pets from grazing it. |
| Peppermint | Mentha piperita | herb | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Mentha (mint) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The essential oils — primarily menthol and menthone — can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness, particularly in cats, which cannot efficiently metabolize phenolic compounds. The plant itself in small amounts presents lower risk than concentrated oils, but pets should be kept away. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Peregrina | Jatropha integerrima | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Jatropha integerrima are toxic to pets and humans. Like all Jatropha species (Euphorbiaceae), the seeds contain curcin (a ricin-like toxalbumin) and purgative diterpenoid esters; the milky latex sap is a potent skin and mucous membrane irritant. Seed ingestion causes severe vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and potential hepatic injury in dogs and cats. The UF/IFAS extension confirms the seeds should be kept out of reach of children and pets. |
| Peregrine peach | Prunus persica 'Peregrine' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Prunus (peach) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves, stems, and the stone/kernel contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed, causing dilated pupils, brick-red gums, breathing difficulty, and shock. The ripe flesh is safe to eat — the danger lies in pits and wilted prunings. |
| Perennial Candytuft | Iberis sempervirens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Iberis sempervirens is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Iberis belongs to Brassicaceae, a family with no well-established toxic principles for dogs or cats at typical garden exposure levels. Generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Barbados Gooseberry | Pereskia aculeata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic database, but Pereskia aculeata is a well-established human leaf vegetable (ora-pro-nobis) documented as non-toxic and nutrient-rich, with no toxic principle reported. The main hazard to pets and people is the sharp recurved spines; if in doubt, verify with a vet. |
| Pereskia-Leaf Peperomia | Peperomia pereskiifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are identified for this species; ingestion is not expected to cause significant harm. |
| Perez's sea lavender | Limonium perezii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (Limonium sp.) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if consumed in large quantities. |
| Perfoliate Bellwort | Uvularia perfoliata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Uvularia perfoliata (Colchicaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus in dogs, cats, or horses. Distinct from the toxic genus Colchicum within the same family; Uvularia has no established toxicity record. |
| Perforate St John's-wort | Hypericum perforatum | herb | Toxic | ASPCA confirmed toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principle: hypericin (a naphthodianthrone). Clinical signs include photosensitization causing ulcerative and exudative dermatitis, particularly on lightly pigmented or unprotected skin exposed to sunlight. Additional reported signs in dogs include vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, and in severe cases neurological signs. Keep all pets away from the plant and any herbal preparations. |
| Perplexing Rebutia | Rebutia perplexa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rebutia belongs to the Cactaceae family, which the ASPCA confirms is non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (confirmed for multiple cactus genera). No toxic alkaloids or irritants are known in Rebutia. The soft spines are unlikely to cause significant injury, but ingestion of plant material may cause mild digestive discomfort. |
| Persian Barrenwort | Epimedium pinnatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium pinnatum is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other Epimedium species, it contains icariin and related flavonoid compounds. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets or people. Not associated with severe or life-threatening toxicity, but consumption should be avoided. |
| Persian Carpet zinnia | Zinnia haageana 'Persian Carpet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia species, including Z. haageana, are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No harmful compounds are known in this genus. |
| Persian Catmint | Nepeta mussinii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta mussinii is a non-toxic species within the ASPCA-listed non-toxic Nepeta genus. No toxic principles have been identified. Cats may be attracted to and roll on the plant, which can damage stems but poses no health risk. |
| Persian Cucumber | Cucumis sativus 'Persian' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucumis sativus (cucumber) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Persian cucumber flesh, skin, and seeds are safe for pets. Cucumber is even sometimes used as a low-calorie treat for dogs. |
| Persian Jewels love-in-a-mist | Nigella damascena 'Persian Jewels' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Seeds of Nigella damascena contain damascenine and related alkaloids that are toxic if ingested in quantity. Not individually ASPCA-listed. Foliage is low-risk but seeds should be kept away from pets and children. |
| Persian lime | Citrus latifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Citrus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens in the leaves and rind cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and photosensitivity. The seedless fruit flesh is lower in these compounds but still not considered pet-safe. |
| Persian Rosularia | Rosularia persica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Rosularia is in the Crassulaceae family, which contains genera with documented bufadienolide cardiac glycosides. Rosularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. Out of caution, treat as potentially mildly toxic to pets and keep out of reach of cats and dogs until genus-level confirmation is available. |
| Persian Shield | Strobilanthes dyerianus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Strobilanthes dyerianus is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no member of the genus Strobilanthes appears there, so a clean pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Treat it as mildly toxic: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and the sap can occasionally cause contact dermatitis. Keep it out of reach of pets and verify with your vet. |
| Persian Violet | Exacum affine | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA entry for Persian Violet (Exacum affine, also called Arabian or German violet) classifies it as non-toxic with no toxic principles, so it is safe around pets. |
| white mountain fleece | Persicaria amplexicaulis 'Alba' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Persicaria (mountain fleece, bistort) is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Blackfield bistort | Persicaria amplexicaulis 'Blackfield' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Persicaria amplexicaulis cultivars are not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so toxicity is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingested plant material may cause mild stomach upset in pets. |
| Firetail mountain fleece | Persicaria amplexicaulis 'Firetail' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Persicaria amplexicaulis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Although some related ornamental knotweeds are reported low-risk, this species is not ASPCA-verified; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Superba common bistort | Persicaria bistorta 'Superba' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Persicaria bistorta is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Although bistort is a traditional edible green for humans, ingestion may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate | Persicaria orientalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Persicaria orientalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Some knotweeds (Persicaria/Polygonum) contain oxalates and skin-irritant sap, so it is prudent to discourage pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Peruvian apple cactus | Cereus repandus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Cereus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Peruvian bougainvillea | Bougainvillea peruviana | tropical | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Bougainvillea as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Contact with the sap can cause dermatitis; ingestion of leaves or bracts may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting). The thorns can also cause physical injury. Symptoms are generally self-limiting but veterinary advice should be sought if significant quantities are ingested. |
| Peruvian Pamianthe | Pamianthe peruviana | tropical | Toxic | Pamianthe peruviana belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family, which contains lycorine and related phenanthridine alkaloids throughout the bulb, leaves, and flowers. Ingestion by cats or dogs causes vomiting, depression, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, hypersalivation, and potentially tremors. The bulb contains the highest concentration of toxins. |
| Peruvian zinnia | Zinnia peruviana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia species are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Peruvian zinnia is considered pet-safe. As with any plant material, ingestion of large amounts may cause transient mild stomach upset. |
| Petiole sundew | Drosera petiolaris | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera petiolaris is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No systemic toxic principles are known in Drosera; the proteolytic enzymes in the mucilage may cause minor local irritation if a large quantity is chewed but are not systemically harmful. |
| Petra croton | Codiaeum variegatum 'Petra' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline list croton (Codiaeum variegatum) as toxic; the milky sap contains diterpene esters that irritate the mouth and gut. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and mouth or skin irritation. The sap can also irritate human skin, so handle with care. |
| violet-like petrocosmea | Petrocosmea iodioides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Petrocosmea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not formally confirmed. It belongs to the Gesneriaceae family, whose listed members (African violet and Episcia/flame violet) the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the family has no recognised toxic principle. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| Kerr's petrocosmea | Petrocosmea kerrii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Petrocosmea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although it is a gesneriad related to ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic plants (African violet, Tree Gloxinia/Kohleria), no species- or genus-level ASPCA entry exists, so treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| nerved petrocosmea | Petrocosmea nervosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Petrocosmea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its toxicity is unconfirmed. It sits within Gesneriaceae, a family whose ASPCA-listed members (African violet, Episcia/flame violet) are classed non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no known toxic principle. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Parry's petrocosmea | Petrocosmea parryorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Petrocosmea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although it is a gesneriad related to ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic plants (African violet, Tree Gloxinia/Kohleria), no species- or genus-level ASPCA entry exists, so treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| grandiflora petunia | Petunia × hybrida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petunia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Supertunia Royal Velvet | Petunia × atkinsiana 'Supertunia Royal Velvet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as Petunia species). Eating it may cause minor, temporary stomach upset like any non-toxic plant, but petunias contain no known toxic compound. |
| Supertunia Vista Bubblegum | Petunia × atkinsiana 'Supertunia Vista Bubblegum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as Petunia species). Ingestion may cause minor, temporary stomach upset like any non-toxic plant, but petunias carry no known toxic compound. |
| Tidal Wave Silver Petunia | Petunia × atkinsiana 'Tidal Wave Silver' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as Petunia species). Nibbling may cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset as with any non-toxic plant, but petunias contain no recognised toxic principle. |
| Wave Purple Petunia | Petunia × atkinsiana 'Wave Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as Petunia species). As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, but petunias contain no recognised toxic principle. |
| White Moon Petunia | Petunia axillaris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed as Petunia species, the genus to which P. axillaris belongs). Ingestion may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset like any non-toxic plant, but petunias contain no recognised toxic principle. |
| Peyote | Lophophora williamsii | houseplant | Toxic | Treat as toxic to pets. Lophophora williamsii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the plant contains mescaline and related psychoactive alkaloids; ingestion by cats or dogs can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, disorientation, dilated pupils, tremors, and other neurological signs. Keep out of reach of pets and children and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Pflanz's Chin Cactus | Gymnocalycium pflanzii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is non-toxic to dogs and cats (ASPCA). The Cactaceae family contains no known toxic glycosides, alkaloids, or oxalate crystals. Physical spine injury is possible, but ingestion poses no poisoning risk. |
| Brother Girl Phalaenopsis | Phalaenopsis 'Brother Girl' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic 'Phalaenopsis Orchid' listing for cats and dogs; moth orchids carry no insoluble calcium oxalates or other toxic principle. As with any houseplant, ingesting large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Golden Moth Orchid | Phalaenopsis 'Brother Sara Gold' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phalaenopsis (moth orchids) are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are widely treated as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported for the genus. Chewing leaves or flowers may cause mild, passing stomach upset at most; verify with a vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Fragrant Moth Orchid | Phalaenopsis 'Liodoro' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Phalaenopsis orchid appears by name on the ASPCA non-toxic list. Ingestion may still cause minor stomach upset in pets that chew foliage, so position it out of their reach. |
| Sogo Yukidian White Orchid | Phalaenopsis 'Sogo Yukidian' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic 'Phalaenopsis Orchid' classification for cats and dogs; moth orchids contain no insoluble calcium oxalates or other recognised toxic principle. Eating large amounts of any plant may still cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Violet Phalaenopsis | Phalaenopsis violacea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs under 'Phalaenopsis Orchid'. Moth orchids contain no insoluble calcium oxalates or other recognised toxic principle. Eating large amounts of any plant can still cause mild, temporary vomiting or GI upset. |
| Cooktown Orchid | Dendrobium bigibbum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: the genus Dendrobium is represented on the ASPCA non-toxic list by D. gracilicaule (Leopard Orchid), rated non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Chewing foliage may still cause mild stomach upset, so keep out of pets' reach. |
| pheasant tail grass | Anemanthele lessoniana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Anemanthele lessoniana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. UK horticultural sources (including the RHS) report no known toxic effects, but this is not ASPCA grounding, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be applied. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. The practical hazard is mechanical irritation from fine blades or seed awns rather than documented chemical toxicity. |
| Pheasant's tail grass | Anemanthele lessoniana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Anemanthele lessoniana is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified in this species, and it is widely grown in family and pet-friendly gardens. |
| Narrow Beech Fern | Phegopteris connectilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Phegopteris is not individually flagged, but the broad fern group (e.g. Boston fern, spleenworts) is recognised as non-toxic. Large quantities may still cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Broad Beech Fern | Phegopteris hexagonoptera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Phegopteris is not individually listed, but the fern group it belongs to (Boston fern, spleenworts, etc.) is recognised as non-toxic. Overeating may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Snowbelle mock orange | Philadelphus 'Snowbelle' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Philadelphus mock orange is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; be aware that several unrelated poisonous shrubs also use the name 'mock orange'. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. |
| Virginal mock orange | Philadelphus 'Virginal' | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Philadelphus mock orange is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; note also that several unrelated, poisonous shrubs share the name 'mock orange' (e.g. Prunus/Poncirus and Pittosporum). Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. |
| littleleaf mock orange | Philadelphus microphyllus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Philadelphus microphyllus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; the common name 'mock orange' is also shared by several unrelated poisonous shrubs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. |
| Philippe Vapelle Cranesbill | Geranium 'Philippe Vapelle' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium species (containing geraniol and linalool), not to true Geranium (cranesbill). True Geranium is not individually listed as toxic or confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA; treat with caution around pets and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| heartleaf philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists philodendrons as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling and swallowing difficulty. |
| Burle Marx Fantasy | Philodendron 'Burle Marx Fantasy' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. 'Burle Marx Fantasy' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is a Philodendron, and the ASPCA classifies philodendrons (e.g. Tree, Horsehead and Variegated Philodendron) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if chewed. |
| Dean McDowell Philodendron | Philodendron 'Dean McDowell' (P. gloriosum × P. pastazanum) | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. 'Dean McDowell' is a Philodendron (Araceae) hybrid and is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists every Philodendron it catalogues (heartleaf, tree, split-leaf and others) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; no Philodendron is listed as non-toxic. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Florida Beauty Philodendron | Philodendron 'Florida Beauty' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to dogs and cats. ASPCA lists Philodendron spp. (including the "Variegated Philodendron" entry) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle; ingestion causes intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. As a Philodendron cultivar it carries the same risk, so keep it away from pets and children. |
| Florida Ghost | Philodendron 'Florida Ghost' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron (Araceae family) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. This cultivar is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but as a Philodendron it shares the genus's toxicity. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; keep it out of reach and verify any concerns with your vet. |
| Florida Green Philodendron | Philodendron 'Florida Green' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists multiple Philodendron species (e.g. Horsehead Philodendron, Philodendron bipennifolium) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; this hybrid belongs to the same genus and family (Araceae). Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Jungle Boogie Philodendron | Philodendron 'Jungle Boogie' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists multiple Philodendron species (e.g. Horsehead, Split Leaf, Tree, Cutleaf, Variegated) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; 'Jungle Boogie' is a Philodendron cultivar and shares this toxicity. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Moonlight Philodendron | Philodendron 'Moonlight' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron species (e.g. Heartleaf, Tree and Split Leaf Philodendron) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; 'Moonlight' is a hybrid within this genus and should be treated the same. Chewing can cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing - keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Prince of Orange Philodendron | Philodendron 'Prince of Orange' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA does not list this hybrid by its cultivar name, but every Philodendron it does list (e.g. Heartleaf, Tree, Split-Leaf, Variegated Philodendron) is classified toxic to dogs, cats and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach and consult a vet if chewed. |
| Ring of Fire Philodendron | Philodendron 'Ring of Fire' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. 'Ring of Fire' is a Philodendron hybrid, and the ASPCA lists Philodendron species (e.g. Tree/Horsehead/Variegated Philodendron, family Araceae) as toxic to both dogs and cats due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing releases needle-like raphides that cause oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; keep away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control on ingestion. |
| White Princess Philodendron | Philodendron 'White Princess' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists multiple Philodendron species (e.g. Heartleaf, Tree, Split-leaf) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; as a cultivar of this genus, 'White Princess' contains the same insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| Andreanum | Philodendron andreanum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Philodendron as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes intense oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Atabapoense | Philodendron atabapoense | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic; like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral irritation and burning, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Atom Philodendron | Philodendron 'Atom' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Philodendron). It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) that, when chewed, cause oral irritation, burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. |
| Autoclaw | Philodendron 'Autoclaw' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Philodendron, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Philodendron Billietiae | Philodendron billietiae | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Philodendron billietiae is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but ASPCA lists the genus Philodendron and every member entry (e.g. tree, split-leaf, horsehead, cutleaf) as toxic to dogs and cats due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals - no Philodendron is listed as non-toxic. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth/tongue/lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Horsehead Philodendron | Philodendron bipennifolium | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists the Horsehead Philodendron (Philodendron bipennifolium, family Araceae) as toxic to both dogs and cats. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it away from pets and children. |
| Birkin Philodendron | Philodendron 'Birkin' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and humans. ASPCA does not list the 'Birkin' cultivar individually, but every Philodendron species it does list (e.g. Heartleaf Philodendron, Philodendron hederaceum, and Split-leaf Philodendron, Philodendron bipennifolium) is classed "Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats" on the basis of insoluble calcium oxalates. As a Philodendron cultivar, 'Birkin' carries the same chemistry; North Carolina Extension explicitly lists it as toxic to humans, cats and dogs via calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing releases needle-like raphide crystals that cause oral pain and swelling, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it away from pets and children, and wash hands after handling the sap. |
| Black Cardinal | Philodendron 'Black Cardinal' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. This Philodendron hybrid contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, burning mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Silver Leaf Philodendron | Philodendron brandtianum | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron (family Araceae) as toxic to both cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. P. brandtianum is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but it is a Philodendron and every Philodendron the ASPCA lists is toxic, so treat it as toxic; ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Contact a vet if eaten. |
| variegated heartleaf philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum 'Brasil' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron species as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. |
| Burle Marx Philodendron | Philodendron burle-marxii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic; like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Callosum | Philodendron callosum | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Philodendron). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Philodendron Campos | Philodendron camposportoanum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Philodendron camposportoanum is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but every Philodendron the ASPCA lists is classed as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, with no non-toxic members in the genus. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; keep it away from pets and call ASPCA Poison Control or a vet if ingested. |
| Cobra Philodendron | Philodendron 'Cobra' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. This cultivar shares the genus's insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, drooling, oral and tongue swelling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it out of reach of curious pets and children. |
| Corcovadense | Philodendron corcovadense | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Philodendron). It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); when chewed they cause intense oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Cream Splash | Philodendron hederaceum 'Cream Splash' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron (including the heartleaf, P. hederaceum) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Trailing vines are easy for pets to reach, so hang or place it well out of their range. |
| Dark Lord | Philodendron erubescens 'Dark Lord' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies Philodendron as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral pain and burning, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Deja Vu Philodendron | Philodendron 'Deja Vu' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Philodendron). It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing releases them, causing oral irritation, burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Spade Leaf Philodendron | Philodendron domesticum | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves and stems contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Place out of reach of pets. |
| El Choco Red | Philodendron rubrijuvenile 'El Choco Red' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron species as toxic to both, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle; chewing releases needle-like raphides that cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep it away from pets and children and call your vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if any part is eaten. |
| Skeleton Key Philodendron | Philodendron elegans | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all members of the genus, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing releases them, causing oral and tongue irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Position this large climber well away from pets and children. |
| Blushing Philodendron | Philodendron erubescens | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Stems, leaves, and sap contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep this plant away from pets and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| Green Blushing Philodendron | Philodendron erubescens 'Green' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies the Philodendron genus as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Fuzzy Petiole Verrucosum | Philodendron verrucosum 'Fuzzy Petiole' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The verrucosum group, like all Philodendron, contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and swallowing difficulty. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Gabby Philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum 'Gabby' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. As a Philodendron hederaceum cultivar, its leaves and sap contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Philodendron Gigas | Philodendron gigas | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Philodendron gigas is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but ASPCA lists multiple Philodendron species (e.g. heartleaf, tree, split-leaf) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, and no Philodendron is listed as non-toxic. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting; keep out of reach and verify with your vet if ingested. |
| Glorious philodendron | Philodendron gloriosum | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron (Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the species P. gloriosum is not listed individually, so this is based on the genus listing. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, drooling, mouth and tongue swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. |
| Zebra Gloriosum | Philodendron gloriosum 'Zebra' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic; like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Colombia Gloriosum | Philodendron gloriosum 'Colombia' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Philodendron as toxic. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Despite its beauty, keep this plant well away from pets. |
| Dark Form Gloriosum | Philodendron gloriosum 'Dark Form' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral and throat irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Glorious Philodendron | Philodendron gloriosum × melanochrysum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists the Philodendron genus as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Fun Bun Philodendron | Thaumatophyllum spruceanum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists both Philodendron and Thaumatophyllum (Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum) as toxic; this species belongs to that aroid group. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and swelling on chewing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Golden Goddess | Philodendron 'Golden Goddess' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Like the rest of the genus, 'Golden Goddess' contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense drooling, oral and tongue swelling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep it away from pets and children. |
| Silver Sword Philodendron | Philodendron hastatum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Philodendron as toxic. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral burning, irritation of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this fast climber out of pets' reach. |
| Velvet Leaf Philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum 'Micans' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Philodendron, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing releases them, causing oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| Rio Philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum 'Rio' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Philodendron, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) that release when chewed, causing oral irritation, intense drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and swallowing difficulty. Keep away from pets and children; contact a vet if eaten. |
| Silver Stripe Philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum 'Silver Stripe' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Variegated Heartleaf | Philodendron hederaceum 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Philodendron (including heartleaf, Philodendron hederaceum) as toxic. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral burning, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Hang or place out of pets' reach. |
| Imperial Red Philodendron | Philodendron erubescens 'Imperial Red' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron species (family Araceae) as toxic to both, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. The 'Imperial Red' cultivar is not individually named by the ASPCA, but the genus is firmly listed as toxic, so treat it as unsafe and contact a vet if a pet chews it. |
| Insigne Philodendron | Philodendron insigne | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all philodendrons, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, intense drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this large climber well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Philodendron Joepii | Philodendron × joepii | tropical | Toxic | Treat as toxic to cats and dogs. Philodendron × joepii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is a Philodendron hybrid (of P. bipennifolium × P. pedatum) and the ASPCA lists Philodendron species such as Horsehead Philodendron (P. bipennifolium) as toxic to dogs and cats due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion can cause oral pain and burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing; keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Jose Buono | Philodendron 'Jose Buono' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Philodendron). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing causes oral pain, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Lemon Lime Philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum 'Lemon Lime' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Philodendron hederaceum (Heartleaf Philodendron / Cordatum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, lips and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. |
| Longilobatum | Philodendron longilobatum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Philodendron as a toxic genus. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, a burning sensation in the mouth, lips and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing when chewed. Keep away from pets. |
| Luxurians | Philodendron luxurians | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic; like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Lynamii | Philodendron lynamii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout its tissues; biting or chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, profuse drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Site it well away from pets and small children. |
| Majestic Philodendron | Philodendron 'Majestic' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Philodendron). It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Philodendron Mamei | Philodendron mamei | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. While the ASPCA does not list Philodendron mamei individually by name, every Philodendron the ASPCA catalogues is classified as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; ingestion can cause oral irritation, drooling, mouth and tongue swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Treat this species as toxic and keep it away from pets. |
| Fat Boy Philodendron | Philodendron martianum | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Philodendron). The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Maximum Philodendron | Philodendron maximum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies the Philodendron genus as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes intense oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this large plant well out of reach of pets and children. |
| McColley's Finale | Philodendron 'McColley's Finale' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. This Philodendron hybrid contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Black Gold Philodendron | Philodendron melanochrysum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the genus Philodendron as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; ingestion causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and call the ASPCA Poison Control or your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Melinonii | Philodendron melinonii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Philodendron as toxic. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; biting or chewing releases them, causing oral and tongue irritation, intense burning, excessive drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep this large plant away from curious pets. |
| Mexican Philodendron | Philodendron mexicanum | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves and stems contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| velvet-leaf philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum var. hederaceum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron species as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. |
| Moonshine Philodendron | Philodendron 'Moonshine' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and throat, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Nangaritense | Philodendron nangaritense | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Philodendron as toxic. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this rare plant safely out of pets' reach. |
| Painted Lady | Philodendron erubescens 'Painted Lady' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that, when chewed, cause oral irritation, intense drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Site it away from curious pets. |
| Horsehead Philodendron | Philodendron panduriforme | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Philodendron as toxic. Like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Paraiso Verde | Philodendron 'Paraiso Verde' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic; like all Philodendron species and hybrids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Pasta Philodendron | Philodendron pastazanum | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Philodendron pastazanum contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Patriciae | Philodendron patriciae | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic; like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes intense oral burning, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Oak leaf philodendron | Philodendron pedatum | tropical | Toxic | Philodendron pedatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic-plant database, but every Philodendron the ASPCA does list (heartleaf, tree, split-leaf/horsehead and others) is toxic to cats and dogs via insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, with no non-toxic members in the genus. Treat it as toxic — chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Pink Congo | Philodendron 'Pink Congo' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. This Philodendron hybrid contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, mouth pawing, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Pink Princess Philodendron | Philodendron erubescens 'Pink Princess' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists Philodendron species (Araceae) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. If a pet chews the leaves or stems, these microscopic crystals cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The sap can also irritate human skin and eyes, so wear gloves when pruning or taking cuttings. |
| Plowman's philodendron | Philodendron plowmanii | tropical | Toxic | Philodendron plowmanii is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but ASPCA lists Philodendron species (e.g. Tree Philodendron, Philodendron selloum, family Araceae) as toxic to cats and dogs, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Treat this plant as toxic; ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Verify with your vet if a pet chews it. |
| Pseudoverrucosum | Philodendron pseudoverrucosum | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all members of the genus, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing releases them, causing oral pain, intense drooling, mouth and tongue irritation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Pteromischum | Philodendron pteromischum | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (genus Philodendron). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); ingestion causes oral irritation and burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Radiatum | Philodendron radiatum | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Place out of reach of pets. |
| Pigskin Philodendron | Philodendron rugosum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Philodendron rugosum is not listed individually by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies the Philodendron genus (e.g. Heartleaf and Tree Philodendron) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, and no member is listed as non-toxic. Chewing causes oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, lips and tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Sagittate-Leaf Philodendron | Philodendron sagittifolium | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies the Philodendron genus as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Sweetheart Vine | Philodendron scandens | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Leaves, stems, and sap contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep trailing stems out of reach of pets and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Tree philodendron | Philodendron bipinnatifidum (syn. Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum, P. selloum) | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Philodendron (including selloum/lacy tree philodendron) as toxic to both cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) in the leaves, stems and sap, which on chewing cause intense oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The sap is also a skin and eye irritant in people, so wear gloves when pruning. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Fuzzy Petiole Philodendron | Philodendron serpens | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Philodendron serpens is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but every Philodendron on it is classed as toxic (none non-toxic), and like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing releases needle-like raphides causing oral pain, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets; consult a vet if ingested. |
| Sharoniae | Philodendron sharoniae | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Silver Sword Philodendron | Philodendron hastatum 'Silver Sword' | tropical | Toxic | Philodendron hastatum 'Silver Sword' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but every Philodendron the ASPCA lists (heartleaf, tree, horsehead, split-leaf and variegated) is classified toxic to dogs and cats, none non-toxic. The genus contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Treat as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Silver Leaf Philodendron | Philodendron sodiroi | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Philodendron sodiroi is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the ASPCA lists multiple Philodendron species (such as heartleaf Philodendron, Philodendron hederaceum) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, with no non-toxic Philodendron listings; as an aroid in this genus it should be treated as toxic. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Silver Spiritus Sancti | Philodendron spiritus-sancti 'Silver' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. This species, like all philodendrons, contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep this rare plant well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Splendid Philodendron | Philodendron verrucosum × melanochrysum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic; like all Philodendron species and hybrids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Red Bristle Philodendron | Philodendron squamiferum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. While Philodendron squamiferum is not individually named in the ASPCA database, the ASPCA lists every catalogued Philodendron (such as horsehead, split-leaf, and tree philodendron) as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, with no non-toxic genus members. Ingestion causes intense oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Subhastatum | Philodendron subhastatum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic; like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Tenue | Philodendron tenue | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies the Philodendron genus as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Fernleaf Philodendron | Philodendron tortum | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron (Philodendron spp., family Araceae) as toxic to cats and dogs, with multiple species individually listed (e.g. Horsehead/Philodendron bipennifolium, Tree Philodendron). P. tortum is a member of this genus and is not listed as a non-toxic exception, so treat it as toxic. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets and children, and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Tripartitum | Philodendron tripartitum | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The foliage contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, profuse drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Ecuador Philodendron | Philodendron verrucosum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists multiple Philodendron species (e.g. split-leaf, tree and cutleaf philodendron) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalates; P. verrucosum belongs to the same genus and Araceae family, so the same toxicity applies. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. |
| Warscewiczii | Philodendron warscewiczii | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The foliage contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral pain, profuse drooling, vomiting and swallowing difficulty if chewed. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Wendland's Philodendron | Philodendron wendlandii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists the Philodendron genus as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| White Knight Philodendron | Philodendron 'White Knight' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Philodendron species (e.g. heartleaf, tree and horsehead philodendron) as toxic to dogs and cats due to insoluble calcium oxalates; White Knight is a Philodendron cultivar and shares this toxicity. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and call ASPCA Poison Control at (888) 426-4435 if ingestion is suspected. |
| White Wizard philodendron | Philodendron 'White Wizard' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron species (including variegated philodendrons, Araceae) as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing releases needle-like raphides that cause oral burning, drooling, mouth irritation and difficulty swallowing. Keep this cultivar away from pets and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Philodendron Xanadu | Thaumatophyllum xanadu (syn. Philodendron xanadu) | tropical | Toxic | Like other aroids, Xanadu contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in all parts. The ASPCA does not list Xanadu by name but classes its close relative, Tree Philodendron (Philodendron selloum, now Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum), as toxic to cats and dogs, with oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. The sap can also irritate skin and eyes, so wear gloves when handling. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Phlomis-like sage | Salvia phlomoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Salvia phlomoides shares no known toxic principles with its genus; however, ingestion of large quantities of any plant material can cause mild vomiting or stomach upset. |
| Intensia Cabernet Annual Phlox | Phlox drummondii 'Intensia Cabernet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (phlox appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list). Eating large quantities of any plant may still cause mild, transient stomach upset, but annual phlox poses no known poisoning risk to pets. |
| Alpha meadow phlox | Phlox maculata 'Alpha' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the Phlox genus (e.g. moss phlox) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list. As with any plant, large quantities may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Starfire garden phlox | Phlox paniculata 'Starfire' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Phlox is recognised as a pet-safe genus, with Moss Phlox (Phlox subulata) the individually listed non-toxic entry; garden phlox shares this status. As with any plant, eating large amounts may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Emerald Blue moss phlox | Phlox subulata 'Emerald Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Moss Phlox (Phlox subulata) is the individually listed entry and is recognised as safe (also non-toxic to horses). As with any plant, eating large amounts may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Phoenicean Juniper | Juniperus phoenicea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus phoenicea, as a Juniperus species, is listed by ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Foliage and berry ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and mucous membrane irritation due to essential oils and resins. The berries should not be consumed by pets or in significant quantities by people. Seek veterinary advice promptly if a pet ingests berries or foliage. |
| Living Fire Phragmipedium | Phragmipedium 'Living Fire' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | A slipper orchid hybrid in the Orchidaceae, with no known toxic principle. The ASPCA classifies orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis is the named entry) and notes no orchid known to poison cats; slipper orchids appear on pet-safe orchid lists. Phragmipedium hybrids are not individually listed by the ASPCA but share the family's benign chemistry. Ingestion may cause only mild stomach upset; pesticide or fertiliser residue is the genuine concern. |
| Besse's Slipper Orchid | Phragmipedium besseae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | A slipper orchid in the family Orchidaceae, which carries no known toxic principle. The ASPCA lists orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (with Phalaenopsis as the named entry) and notes no orchid known to poison cats; slipper orchids appear on pet-safe orchid lists. Phragmipedium is not individually listed by the ASPCA but shares the family's benign chemistry. Ingestion may cause only mild GI upset; chemical residues are the genuine risk. |
| Tailed Phragmipedium | Phragmipedium caudatum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Phragmipedium is not individually listed by the ASPCA; while ASPCA-tested orchids such as Phalaenopsis are classed non-toxic, this genus has not been specifically evaluated, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingesting plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. |
| Eric Young Phrag | Phragmipedium 'Eric Young' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids in the slipper-orchid alliance are not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants, and ornamental orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Chewed foliage may still cause mild stomach upset from fibre, so discourage nibbling. |
| Long-leaved Slipper Orchid | Phragmipedium longifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | A slipper orchid in the Orchidaceae, with no known toxic principle. The ASPCA lists orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis being the reference entry) and notes no orchid known to poison cats; slipper orchids feature on pet-safe orchid lists. Phragmipedium is not individually listed by the ASPCA but shares the family's benign chemistry. Chewing may cause only mild GI upset; the real hazard is pesticide or fertiliser residue. |
| Common Reed | Phragmites australis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phragmites australis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its toxicity status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sharp-edged leaves and stiff canes pose a mechanical and grass-awn injury risk, and ingested fibrous foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Center Glow ninebark | Physocarpus opulifolius 'Center Glow' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Physocarpus opulifolius and its cultivars are not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so the status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet chews it. No significant toxicity is reported in livestock or pets, but safety cannot be asserted without an ASPCA listing. |
| Coppertina ninebark | Physocarpus opulifolius 'Mindia' (Coppertina) | flowering | Mildly toxic | Physocarpus opulifolius is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists, nor classed as toxic by the USDA, but the bark is reported to cause vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten by dogs or cats. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests a quantity. |
| Diabolo ninebark | Physocarpus opulifolius 'Monlo' (Diabolo) | flowering | Mildly toxic | Physocarpus opulifolius is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists. It is not classed as toxic by the USDA either, but the bark is reported to cause vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten by dogs or cats. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests a quantity. |
| Little Devil ninebark | Physocarpus opulifolius 'Donna May' (Little Devil) | flowering | Mildly toxic | Physocarpus opulifolius is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists, nor classed as toxic by the USDA, but the bark is reported to cause vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten by dogs or cats. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests a quantity. |
| Summer Wine ninebark | Physocarpus opulifolius 'Seward' (Summer Wine) | flowering | Mildly toxic | Physocarpus opulifolius is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists, nor classed as toxic by the USDA, but the bark is reported to cause vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten by dogs or cats. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests a quantity. |
| twin piaranthus | Piaranthus geminatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Piaranthus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet-toxicity is not formally established. Stapeliads are often described as non-toxic by hobbyist sources, but that lacks ASPCA grounding; treat with caution, keep away from pets that chew plants, and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| spotted piaranthus | Piaranthus punctatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Piaranthus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a definitive pet-safety status cannot be confirmed. Hobbyist sources often call stapeliads non-toxic, but without ASPCA grounding this cannot be asserted; treat with caution, keep out of reach of pets that nibble plants, and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Piccolo Banda Peperomia | Peperomia albovittata 'Piccolo Banda' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Peperomia genus is treated as pet-safe: the ASPCA individually lists several Peperomia species (e.g. Peperomia obtusifolia, P. argyreia, P. caperata) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Peperomia listed as toxic. 'Piccolo Banda' (P. albovittata) is not individually listed, so confirm with your vet if your pet ingests a large amount. |
| Pickle Plant | Delosperma echinatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Ice Plant (Lampranthus piquet, family Aizoaceae — the same family as Delosperma) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Delosperma echinatum has no reported toxic principles. Classified as pet-safe. |
| Picual olive | Olea europaea 'Picual' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Olea europaea (olive tree) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Picual, as an Olea europaea cultivar, poses no known toxicity risk to pets. Olive oil is used safely in small quantities as a home remedy for hairballs in cats. |
| Cavatine Andromeda | Pieris japonica 'Cavatine' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists Pieris (and Pieris japonica as Andromeda Japonica) as toxic owing to grayanotoxins, which interfere with sodium channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle. All parts including leaves, flowers and pollen are toxic; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, depression, low blood pressure and cardiac effects. |
| Valley Rose Andromeda | Pieris japonica 'Valley Rose' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists Pieris (and Pieris japonica as Andromeda Japonica) as toxic; the toxic principle is grayanotoxins, which disrupt cardiac and skeletal muscle sodium channels. Leaves, petals and pollen are toxic; signs include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, low blood pressure and, in serious cases, cardiovascular collapse. |
| Pierre's Stephania | Stephania pierrei | houseplant | Toxic | Stephania pierrei, like other Stephania species, belongs to Menispermaceae and contains isoquinoline alkaloids (bisbenzylisoquinolines and related compounds) that are pharmacologically active and potentially toxic to pets and humans if plant material is ingested. The species is not individually listed by ASPCA; caution is warranted based on genus-level alkaloid profiles. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Sparrow Orchid | Dendrobium crumenatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: Dendrobium is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses on the ASPCA database via D. gracilicaule (Leopard Orchid), covering the genus. Mild GI upset is possible if a pet chews the foliage, so keep it out of reach. |
| Pignut | Conopodium majus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conopodium majus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The tubers are edible for humans (a traditional wild food), and no toxicity to cats or dogs is documented; however, as with all Apiaceae, avoid confusing it with toxic look-alikes such as Conium maculatum (hemlock). |
| pignut hickory | Carya glabra | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Note the practical hazard: whole nuts can cause GI obstruction or choking, and moldy hickory nuts may carry tremorgenic mycotoxins, so keep dropped, decaying nuts away from pets. |
| Pilalo Fuchsia | Fuchsia pilaloensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified for the genus Fuchsia. |
| Dark Mystery Pilea | Pilea hitchcockii 'Dark Mystery' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea hitchcockii 'Dark Mystery' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Pilea genus is clean: ASPCA lists several Pilea species (Creeping Pilea, Pilea microphylla, Pilea mucosa, and Watermelon Pilea) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with none listed as toxic. It is considered pet-safe, though chewing any plant may cause mild stomach upset; verify with your vet if concerned. |
| friendship plant | Pilea involucrata 'Friendship' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The friendship plant (Pilea involucrata) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so it is pet-safe; chewing foliage may cause only mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Friendship Plant | Pilea involucrata 'Moon Valley' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Friendship Plant (Pilea involucrata) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so it is best kept out of reach of determined pets. |
| Silver tree pilea | Pilea spruceana 'Silver Tree' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea spruceana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: the ASPCA lists several Pilea species (Pilea microphylla, creeping pilea/Pilea nummulariifolia, watermelon pilea/Pilea cadierei and Pilea mucosa) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with no Pilea listed as toxic, and it belongs to the non-irritant family Urticaceae. It is therefore treated as pet-safe; as with any plant, nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if you are concerned. |
| aquatic pilea | Pilea aquarum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea aquarum is part of the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus, listed safe for cats and dogs with no toxic principle reported. Ingestion may cause minor, passing stomach upset at most. |
| dwarf aluminium plant | Pilea cadierei 'Minima' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea cadierei is individually ASPCA-listed as 'Aluminum Plant', non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; this dwarf cultivar shares that status. No toxic principle is identified. As with any houseplant, eating a large amount may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| silver tree pilea | Pilea cadierei 'Silver Tree' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pilea (including aluminium plant types) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so 'Silver Tree' is pet-safe; ingestion of plant material may still cause mild GI upset. |
| Grey baby tears | Pilea glauca | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea glauca is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists several Pilea species (Pilea microphylla, Pilea mucosa, creeping Pilea/Pilea nummulariifolia and watermelon Pilea/Pilea cadierei) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Pilea listed as toxic, and it belongs to the non-irritant family Urticaceae. It is therefore treated as pet-safe; as with any plant, nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if concerned. |
| large-leaf pilea | Pilea grandifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Belongs to the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus. Several Pilea species are individually ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and none of the genus is listed as toxic, so it is treated as pet-safe. No toxic principle is known; ingestion may still cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| friendship plant | Pilea involucrata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pilea involucrata (friendship plant) is individually named on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, and the wider Pilea genus is recognised as pet-safe. |
| Norfolk friendship plant | Pilea involucrata 'Norfolk' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea involucrata belongs to the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus, listed safe for cats and dogs (Friendship Plant, Creeping Pilea, Pilea mucosa). No toxic principle is reported. Casual nibbling may cause minor stomach upset only. |
| grey artillery plant | Pilea libanensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Pilea genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (e.g. Creeping Pilea, Pilea mucosa, Friendship Plant). No toxic principle is reported. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, transient stomach upset, but it poses no poisoning risk. |
| variegated artillery plant | Pilea microphylla 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea microphylla belongs to the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus, listed safe for cats and dogs with no toxic principle reported. Nibbling may cause only mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Moon Valley pilea | Pilea mollis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Pilea genus is recognised by the ASPCA as pet-safe, with relatives such as Pilea involucrata (friendship plant) and aluminum plant individually named on the non-toxic list. |
| bunny ears pilea | Pilea mollis 'Bunny Ears' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea mollis is part of the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus, with multiple Pilea species listed safe for cats and dogs and no toxic principle reported. Nibbling may cause only mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| creeping charlie | Pilea nummulariifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses under 'Creeping Pilea' (Pilea nummulariifolia). No toxic principle is identified. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild, transient stomach upset, so discourage grazing. |
| mini Chinese money plant | Pilea peperomioides 'Minima' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the genus Pilea is classed as non-toxic). Pets are not harmed by nibbling the leaves, though it is not intended as food. |
| Mojito Chinese money plant | Pilea peperomioides 'Mojito' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea peperomioides and the Pilea genus are treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs; multiple Pilea species are individually ASPCA-listed as non-toxic and none of the genus is listed as toxic. This variegated cultivar shares that status. No toxic principle is known, though ingestion may cause minor, transient stomach upset. |
| Sugar Chinese money plant | Pilea peperomioides 'Sugar' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pilea peperomioides is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle reported. The 'Sugar' cultivar shares this safety. Ingestion may cause minor, transient stomach upset at most. |
| silver sparkle pilea | Pilea pubescens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Belongs to the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus; multiple Pilea species are individually ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs and none of the genus is listed as toxic, so it is treated as pet-safe. No toxic principle is known. Ingestion may still cause minor, transient stomach upset. |
| silver cloud pilea | Pilea pubescens 'Silver Cloud' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | A cultivar of Pilea pubescens within the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus; multiple Pilea species are individually ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs and none of the genus is listed as toxic, so it is treated as pet-safe. No toxic principle is known, though eating a large amount may cause minor stomach upset. |
| clearweed | Pilea pumila | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Within the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus; multiple Pilea species (including P. nummulariifolia, P. cadierei, P. involucrata and P. microphylla) are individually ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no Pilea is listed as toxic. Despite its nettle-like look it has no stinging hairs or toxic principle. Large amounts may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| thyme-leaf pilea | Pilea serpyllacea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Part of the ASPCA non-toxic Pilea genus. Multiple Pilea species are individually ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic Pilea on record, so this species is treated as pet-safe. No toxic principle is known; eating large amounts could still cause mild stomach upset. |
| pili nut | Canarium ovatum | edible | Mildly toxic | Canarium ovatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is not formally established; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. The kernels are an edible tree nut and, as with any nut, are best kept away from pets to avoid gastrointestinal upset; do not present unverified pet-safe claims. |
| Pillwort | Pilularia globulifera | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pilularia globulifera is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The closely related Marsilea genus is confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA, but Pilularia itself has not been evaluated. Contains thiaminase (an enzyme that destroys vitamin B1) in common with some other members of Marsileaceae, which can be harmful to livestock consuming large quantities. As a precaution, classify as mildly-toxic and prevent pets from grazing on this plant. |
| pimento pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Pimento' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum annuum (the sweet pimento) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, so an affirmative pet-safe label cannot be given; the ASPCA's 'Ornamental Pepper' entry refers to Solanum pseudocapsicum, not Capsicum. Although the pimento carries no real heat, the genus is best treated with caution and pepper foliage can cause GI upset in pets, so keep plants and pods out of reach and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Pin Oak | Quercus palustris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Quercus palustris acorns and leaves contain gallotannins harmful to dogs, cats, and especially horses if consumed in quantity. The ASPCA lists oak species as toxic to horses. Acorn ingestion in dogs can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and potential kidney damage. This is a quantity-dependent toxicity; casual sniffing poses minimal risk, but acorn eating should be discouraged. |
| Pincushion Cactus | Mammillaria crinita | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Mammillaria is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by ASPCA (confirmed for Mammillaria fragilis / Thimble Cactus). The Cactaceae family contains no known toxic principles. Physical injury from hooked spines is the main risk; the plant contains no harmful alkaloids or oxalates. |
| pincushion flower | Scabiosa atropurpurea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scabiosa atropurpurea is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles reported in cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe around pets. |
| pincushion flower | Scabiosa columbaria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Scabiosa columbaria is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database (the ASPCA 'Scabious/Pincushion Flower' entry refers to the unrelated Proteaceae plant Leucospermum incisum, not true Scabiosa), so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not recorded as seriously poisonous, but pet ingestion is best avoided pending confirmation. |
| Jelly Palm | Butia capitata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Butia capitata is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. The ripe fruit is edible to people, but pets should be discouraged from chewing fronds or swallowing the large hard seeds, which pose a choking or obstruction risk. |
| Pine-scented Pelargonium | Pelargonium denticulatum | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; geraniol and linalool are the toxic principles. Ingestion causes vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and dermatitis; cats are particularly sensitive to pelargonium toxins. Keep all parts of P. denticulatum away from pets. |
| Pine-scented wax plant | Hoya cembra | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies the Hoya genus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Pineapple | Ananas comosus | edible | Mildly toxic | The pineapple fruit flesh is non-toxic to cats and dogs in small amounts, but the bromelain enzyme in fresh pineapple can cause oral irritation and gastrointestinal upset. The stiff, spined leaves are indigestible and can cause intestinal irritation or blockage if chewed. The ASPCA does not individually list Ananas comosus; caution is advised particularly with the leaves and skin. |
| Pineapple Bromeliad | Acanthostachys strobilacea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae as a family is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA (Neoregelia spp. explicitly listed as non-toxic). Acanthostachys is not individually listed, but no toxic principles are reported for this genus. The sharp leaf spines pose a minor physical hazard. |
| Pineapple guava | Feijoa sellowiana | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Feijoa (Acca sellowiana) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database for dogs or cats. The ripe fruit flesh is considered non-toxic; however, seeds and leaves contain cyanogenic compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in quantity. Keep fruit seeds away from pets as a precaution. |
| pineapple mint | Mentha suaveolens 'Variegata' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Mint (Mentha sp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with essential oils as the toxic principle; large ingestions cause vomiting and diarrhea. As a Mentha species, pineapple mint falls under this genus listing, so prevent pets from chewing it and keep mint essential oils away from cats. |
| Pineapple Mint | Mentha suaveolens 'Variegata' | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mentha sp. (mint) as toxic to cats and dogs, with essential oils as the toxic principle causing gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhoea) upon large ingestion. Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is severely toxic; M. suaveolens 'Variegata' is lower risk in small amounts but should be kept away from pets as a precaution. |
| Tangerine Sage | Salvia elegans | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia elegans is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the culinary and ornamental Salvias the ASPCA does assess — Salvia officinalis (sage) and Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) — are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so this pineapple-scented relative is treated as pet-safe. As with any plant, large amounts may cause mild GI upset, and concentrated essential oils should be kept away from cats. |
| Pineapple tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Pineapple' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is solanine, concentrated in the green leaves, stems and unripe fruit; ripe fruit has very little. Ingestion can cause hypersalivation, GI upset, lethargy, weakness and dilated pupils. Keep pets away from foliage and green fruit. |
| Pineapple Upsidedown Cake hosta | Hosta 'Pineapple Upsidedown Cake' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Pineapple-Head Ginger | Costus comosus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus comosus is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle has been identified, but pet safety cannot be assured; GI upset is plausible if plant material is chewed. Keep pets away and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| pineberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Pineberry' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA classifies Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) as non-toxic, and the pineberry is a Fragaria × ananassa selection, so its fruit and foliage pose no poisoning risk to pets. |
| Pinel's Aechmea | Aechmea pineliana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae has no known toxic principles and is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Aechmea pineliana is chemically safe for pets. However, its prominent dark-tipped spines along the leaf margins can cause physical scratches, so placement out of reach of pets and children is advisable. |
| Pineleaf Penstemon | Penstemon pinifolius | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Penstemon pinifolius is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are reported for the genus Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) in veterinary literature. Safe for cats, dogs, and children; the needle-like leaves may be physically unpleasant to chew but pose no chemical toxicity risk. |
| pedate pinellia | Pinellia pedatisecta | herb | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Pinellia is an Araceae genus whose rhizomes and tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides and irritant lectins — the same toxic principle ASPCA cites for listed aroids. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing the raw plant causes oral burning, drooling, swelling and vomiting. The unprocessed rhizome is also unsafe for people; keep away from pets and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| ban xia | Pinellia ternata | herb | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as an Araceae member its raw tubers and tissues carry insoluble calcium oxalate raphides plus irritant lectins — the same class of toxin ASPCA cites for listed aroids. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes severe oral and throat irritation, drooling, swelling and vomiting. The acrid raw rhizome is also unsafe for humans until specially processed; keep away from pets and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| tripartite pinellia | Pinellia tripartita | herb | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as an Araceae member its tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides — the toxic principle ASPCA cites for listed aroids. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, swelling and vomiting. The raw rhizome is also unsafe for people without processing; keep away from pets and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| Pinemat manzanita | Arctostaphylos nevadensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arctostaphylos nevadensis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Arctostaphylos is generally considered of low toxicity to pets. No significant toxic principles have been identified in this species in standard veterinary references. |
| Ping Pong Purple globe amaranth | Gomphrena globosa 'Ping Pong Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gomphrena globosa is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic compounds harmful to pets or humans. |
| Aphrodite Butterwort | Pinguicula 'Aphrodite' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula (butterwort), including hybrids such as 'Aphrodite', is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not ASPCA-grounded as safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Ingesting the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Tina butterwort | Pinguicula × 'Tina' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No notable toxic principle is documented and ingestion most likely causes only mild gastrointestinal upset, but as toxicity is untested it is prudent to keep this butterwort out of reach of cats and dogs. |
| Agnata Butterwort | Pinguicula agnata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula (butterwort) is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not ASPCA-grounded as safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As with most ornamental foliage, ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. |
| Cyclosecta Butterwort | Pinguicula cyclosecta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula (butterwort) is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not ASPCA-grounded as safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As with most ornamental plants, nibbling the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Esser's butterwort | Pinguicula esseriana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unverified. The sticky enzyme-coated leaves may cause mild irritation or upset if chewed. As it is not ASPCA-listed it cannot be called pet-safe — keep it out of reach and consult a vet if a pet ingests it rather than assuming safety. |
| giant butterwort | Pinguicula gigantea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so toxicity is unverified. The sticky mucilage and digestive enzymes on the leaves could cause mild irritation or stomach upset if chewed. Because it is not ASPCA-listed it cannot be labelled pet-safe — keep out of reach and check with a vet if a pet eats it. |
| Laue's Butterwort | Pinguicula laueana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula (butterwort) is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not ASPCA-grounded as safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| Pale Butterwort | Pinguicula lusitanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It does not appear on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant is tiny and unlikely to be eaten in quantity, but ingestion could cause mild GI upset. |
| Primrose Butterwort | Pinguicula primuliflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It does not appear on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant is small and the sticky leaves are unappealing to chew, but ingestion could cause mild GI upset. |
| Pink Allusion Arrowhead Plant | Syngonium 'Pink Allusion' | houseplant | Toxic | Syngonium podophyllum cultivars including 'Pink Allusion' belong to Araceae and contain calcium oxalate crystals throughout their foliage and stems. ASPCA lists Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead plant/vine) as toxic to cats and dogs, causing oral irritation, pain, swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of all pets and small children. |
| Pink Flamingo Flower | Anthurium andraeanum 'Pink Champion' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. Like other aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, intense mouth and tongue irritation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| pink cobra lily | Arisaema candidissimum | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of genus Arisaema — whose jack-in-the-pulpit (A. triphyllum) is ASPCA-listed as toxic — it contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in corm, foliage and berries. In cats and dogs, chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat as toxic and keep berries and corms away from pets. |
| Pink Bower Vine | Pandorea jasminoides 'Rosea' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Same as the species Pandorea jasminoides. Not individually listed by ASPCA; no documented systemic toxin is known for this genus, but ingestion by pets or children is not recommended as a precaution. Mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible. |
| Pink Butterflies | Kalanchoe × houghtonii 'Pink Butterflies' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe spp.) as toxic to both dogs and cats, and this hybrid descends from Mother of Millions parents in the same genus. The toxic principles are bufadienolides — cardiac-glycoside compounds. Ingestion commonly causes vomiting and diarrhoea, and in larger amounts can disturb heart rhythm; keep it out of reach of pets and call your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center if eaten. |
| Pink Calla Lily | Zantedeschia rehmannii | flowering | Toxic | Zantedeschia rehmannii, like all calla lilies, belongs to Araceae and contains calcium oxalate raphides and possibly other irritants throughout its tissues. Ingestion causes oral pain, swelling, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in cats and dogs. ASPCA lists Zantedeschia (calla lily) as toxic to cats and dogs. Note: true Lilium lilies are life-threatening to cats — while callas share the common name 'lily', they are a different family and mechanism, but still must be kept away from pets. |
| Pink Cascade Tamarisk | Tamarix ramosissima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tamarix ramosissima is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. Horticultural sources consistently describe it as non-toxic to pets; no documented toxic principles are associated with this species. |
| Pink Coreopsis | Coreopsis rosea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been identified in Coreopsis rosea. |
| Pink Dipladenia | Mandevilla sanderi 'Rosea' | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Pink Evening Primrose | Oenothera speciosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Oenothera is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists. Evening primrose oil contains gamma-linolenic acid; the foliage and seeds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by pets or children. Until a definitive ASPCA listing is available, treat with caution and prevent pets from grazing on plants. |
| Pink Fawn Lily | Erythronium revolutum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA does not individually list Erythronium revolutum. As a member of the Liliaceae family, ingestion of corms or foliage may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans. It is not a true lily (Lilium) and does not carry the specific nephrotoxic risk to cats associated with that genus, but caution is warranted. Keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Pink Star fittonia | Fittonia albivenis 'Pink Star' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Fittonia carries no known toxic principle; at most a large nibble may cause mild, transient digestive upset from plant fibre, with no risk of poisoning. |
| Pink Flowering Dogwood | Cornus florida 'Rubra' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses with no identified toxic principle. 'Rubra' is a cultivar of Cornus florida and shares this classification. Red berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in large quantities, but are not classed as poisonous. |
| Pink Hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis 'Roseus' | herb | Mildly toxic | Hyssopus officinalis 'Roseus' is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database for cats or dogs. However, hyssop contains volatile oils (including pinocamphone) that are potentially neurotoxic in high doses; the herb is contraindicated in large quantities, especially concentrated essential oils. Prevent deliberate ingestion by pets as a precaution. |
| Pink Ice Plant | Oscularia deltoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Oscularia deltoides (family Aizoaceae) is not specifically listed by ASPCA. As a member of the ice plant family it is generally considered mildly toxic if ingested in quantity, potentially causing mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep away from pets and children as a precaution; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Pink Knock Out | Rosa 'Pink Knock Out' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; genuine Rosa cultivars are non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Thorn injuries and mild GI upset from eating foliage are the only practical hazards, not poisoning. |
| Pink Kopsia | Kopsia fruticosa | tropical | Toxic | Kopsia fruticosa contains a diverse suite of indole monoterpene alkaloids (including kopsamine, kopsinine, aspidofractinine-type, and eburnamine-type compounds) documented in peer-reviewed phytochemical research. The genus Kopsia and family Apocynaceae are recognised as toxic. The plant is not individually listed by ASPCA, but based on its alkaloid profile and family classification, it should be treated as toxic to dogs, cats, and children. No safe dose for pets has been established. Seek veterinary attention immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Pink Lady apple | Malus domestica 'Cripps Pink' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The edible flesh is not the hazard, but the stems, leaves and pips contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide when wilted foliage or crushed seeds are chewed, causing brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, panting and shock. Clear prunings and windfalls. |
| Pink Lady flowering quince | Chaenomeles x superba 'Pink Lady' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The seeds of Chaenomeles contain cyanogenic glycosides (as do most Rosaceae pips); the cooked fruit pulp is safe and edible. ASPCA does not individually list Chaenomeles; caution is warranted if pets or children chew seeds or bark. |
| Pink Lemonade blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Pink Lemonade' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Both fruit and foliage of Vaccinium are pet-safe; only large quantities of plant material may cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Pink Mandevilla | Mandevilla × amabilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Schiller's Phalaenopsis | Phalaenopsis schilleriana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phalaenopsis (moth orchids) are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are widely treated as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. Ingestion may cause mild, passing digestive upset at most; verify with a vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Pink Mountain Heath | Phyllodoce empetriformis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phyllodoce empetriformis is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a member of the Ericaceae family — which includes genera containing grayanotoxins — and without confirmed ASPCA non-toxic status, it is classified here as mildly-toxic out of caution. Consult a veterinarian immediately if a pet is suspected to have ingested any part of this plant. |
| Pink mountain heather | Phyllodoce empetriformis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phyllodoce empetriformis belongs to Ericaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the broader Ericaceae family includes members containing grayanotoxins (found in Rhododendron, Kalmia). Out of precaution, Phyllodoce should be considered potentially mildly toxic to pets. Keep away from dogs, cats, and grazing animals. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Pink Nerve Plant | Fittonia albivenis 'Frankie' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (listed as Nerve Plant / Fittonia verschaffeltii; all Fittonia albivenis cultivars share the same non-toxic status). No harmful toxic principles have been identified. This is a genuinely safe houseplant for homes with pets and children. |
| pink pampas grass | Cortaderia selloana 'Rosea' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cortaderia selloana is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (no toxic principle). It contains no chemical toxin, but the sharp blade margins can cut and ingested foliage or plumes may cause mechanical irritation or mild GI upset, so treat the plant as non-toxic rather than entirely harmless. |
| Pink Panther episcia | Episcia 'Pink Panther' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Episcia as non-toxic to both dogs and cats. 'Pink Panther' is a cultivar of the same genus and shares the same non-toxic profile. No toxic principles are documented for Episcia. |
| Pink Panther Restrepia | Restrepia brachypus 'Pink Panther' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Restrepia belongs to Orchidaceae, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Restrepia is not individually cited, but the family has no documented toxic compounds. |
| Pink Penny Cranesbill | Geranium 'Pink Penny' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plants database; ASPCA's toxic 'Geranium' entry refers solely to Pelargonium species. Geranium 'Pink Penny', as a true cranesbill, is consistently cited as non-toxic to cats and dogs by veterinary and horticultural sources. |
| Pink Pewter Dead Nettle | Lamium maculatum 'Pink Pewter' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lamium maculatum is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic alkaloids or glycosides are known in the genus. Safe in pet-frequented gardens. |
| Pink pitcher plant | Sarracenia rosea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sarracenia rosea is not directly listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The closely related Darlingtonia californica (Sarraceniaceae) is ASPCA-listed as Non-Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and carnivorous plant specialists consistently report the genus as safe. The 'mildly-toxic' classification is applied as a precautionary measure in the absence of a direct species-specific ASPCA entry; no toxic principles are known for this species. |
| Pink Porcelain Lily | Alpinia zerumbet | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia zerumbet is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. The plant contains essential oils and phenolic compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by cats or dogs. Treat as mildly toxic and keep pets from chewing the foliage until a definitive ASPCA classification is available. |
| PPP | Philodendron erubescens 'Pink Princess' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Philodendron species it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and curious children. |
| Pink Pussytoes | Antennaria dioica 'Rosea' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antennaria dioica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Antennaria genus belongs to the Asteraceae family and has no reported toxic principle to dogs, cats, or horses. |
| Pink Quill | Tillandsia cyanea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tillandsia cyanea is not listed in the ASPCA database (no Tillandsia or air plant appears on its toxic or non-toxic lists). Air plants are generally low-risk, but some Tillandsia contain saponins (mild irritants), so treat it as mildly toxic and confirm with your vet; the stiff, pointed leaves also pose a minor mechanical hazard. |
| Pink Quill Bromeliad | Tillandsia cyanea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset due to the fibrous leaf tissue, but the species contains no known toxic compounds. |
| Pink rain lily | Zephyranthes grandiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Zephyranthes grandiflora, as a member of the Amaryllidaceae family, contains alkaloids typical of the family. Related species within the genus are documented to contain lycorine and other phenanthridine alkaloids that are potentially harmful to cats and dogs. As a precautionary measure, classified as mildly-toxic; potential symptoms include gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea). Consult a veterinarian immediately if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Pink Rock Jasmine | Androsace carnea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Androsace carnea is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Androsace (family Primulaceae) has no documented toxic principles and is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats based on family-level characteristics and available horticultural literature. |
| Pink senecio | Senecio glastifolius | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the Senecio genus, S. glastifolius contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are hepatotoxic to dogs and cats. The ASPCA classifies Senecio species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, abdominal pain, and progressive liver damage with repeated exposure. |
| Pink Skyrocket Foamflower | Tiarella 'Pink Skyrocket' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No significant toxic principles are documented for Tiarella cultivars, but because an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing is absent, a precautionary mildly-toxic status is applied. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Pink spot begonia | Begonia serratipetala | tropical | Toxic | As a Begonia species it is toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA; soluble calcium oxalates cause oral pain, hypersalivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing; the roots and tubers contain the highest concentration. |
| Pink Spur Flower | Plectranthus ecklonii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. Contains aromatic essential oils typical of the Lamiaceae family; ingestion may cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Pink storm lily | Habranthus robustus | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the Amaryllidaceae family, Habranthus robustus contains lycorine and related phenanthridine alkaloids concentrated especially in the bulb. These are toxic to cats and dogs, causing vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, and in larger ingestions hypotension, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias. Treat any ingestion as an emergency requiring veterinary advice. |
| pink sundew | Drosera capillaris | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Drosera species as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The digestive enzymes in leaf mucilage are not harmful to pets in normal contact or ingestion amounts. |
| Pink Surprise calendula | Calendula officinalis 'Pink Surprise' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calendula officinalis (garden marigold / pot marigold) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. It is widely used in pet-safe herbal preparations. Note: do not confuse with Tagetes (French/African marigold), which is listed as mildly toxic. The pink salmon colour of 'Pink Surprise' does not change this safety profile. |
| Pink tritonia | Tritonia disticha | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tritonia disticha is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As an Iridaceae member closely related to other cormous genera with irritant sap, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. Keep pets away and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Pink Trumpet Vine | Podranea ricasoliana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Podranea ricasoliana (Bignoniaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No well-documented systemic toxic principle has been identified, but the family includes species with irritant compounds. Ingestion of foliage or seed pods by pets or children is not recommended. Treat as mildly toxic until an individual ASPCA assessment is available. |
| Pink Variable Heron's Bill | Erodium x variabile 'Roseum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium x variabile is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The parent species and genus are widely considered non-toxic, but specific ASPCA confirmation is absent for this hybrid; a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied. No known harmful toxic principles reported in Erodium. |
| Pink Vygie | Lampranthus multiradiatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lampranthus multiradiatus is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. Aizoaceae has no well-documented systemic toxin in this genus. Mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if large quantities are ingested by pets. Exercise caution and keep away from cats and dogs. |
| Pinnate Primulina | Primulina pinnatifida | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina is not individually assessed by the ASPCA; the Gesneriaceae family (including African violet) is broadly non-toxic, but because no specific ASPCA listing exists for this species, a precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied. Ingestion may cause mild gastric upset in cats and dogs; consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant amount. |
| Pinnate santolina | Santolina pinnata | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats or dogs. The leaves contain volatile aromatic oils that can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets in quantity; bruised foliage has been recorded causing a rash on sensitive skin. Treat with caution around cats and dogs. |
| Pinstripe Calathea | Goeppertia ornata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; Goeppertia ornata is the recently reclassified Calathea ornata and belongs to this same genus, all of whose ASPCA-listed members are non-toxic. As with any non-toxic plant, chewing large amounts may still cause mild, passing stomach upset — verify with your vet if your pet has unusual sensitivities. |
| Pinstripe Calathea | Calathea ornata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Calathea ornata, recently reclassified as Goeppertia ornata, belongs to the same genus group; all ASPCA-listed Calathea entries are non-toxic. Chewing large amounts may still cause mild, transient stomach upset — verify with your vet if a pet eats a significant quantity. |
| Pinto Bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Pinto' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phaseolus vulgaris (pinto bean) is an edible food crop. ASPCA does not list it as toxic to cats or dogs. Raw dried beans contain PHA lectins harmful to humans if improperly cooked, but the garden plants and fresh pods are not a known hazard to pets. |
| Pinwheel Flower | Tabernaemontana divaricata | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Tabernaemontana divaricata contain toxic alkaloids (coronaridine, voacangine, tabersonine) typical of the Apocynaceae family. The milky latex is a skin and eye irritant. Although Tabernaemontana is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, the genus belongs to a toxic Apocynaceae clade — treat as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses and keep away from children. Contact with sap may cause dermatitis. |
| pinyon pine | Pinus edulis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinus edulis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and Pinus species are not on the ASPCA toxic list for cats and dogs. The piñon nuts are edible and non-toxic to pets, though large quantities of fatty nuts or needles can cause mild GI upset and needles/sap may mildly irritate. It is a true pine, unrelated to the toxic sago 'palm' (Cycas). |
| Piper's Bellflower | Campanula piperi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species are not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for this genus in veterinary sources; considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Pipsissewa | Chimaphila umbellata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chimaphila umbellata is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. It is not associated with severe toxicity in pets, but the plant contains phenolic compounds including arbutin and chimaphilin that can cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) if consumed in quantity, and are unsuitable for long-term use in humans. Contact with the sap may produce mild skin sensitisation in some individuals. Treat with standard caution around pets. |
| Pires's Sinningia | Sinningia piresiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. S. piresiana is not individually listed in the ASPCA database; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution pending species-level verification. |
| Pirri-Pirri Bur | Acaena novae-zelandiae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acaena novae-zelandiae is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and no toxic compounds have been reported for this genus. The sharp-spined burr heads can cause physical injury, embedding in pet skin or eyes and causing irritation. Not a chemical hazard, but burrs should be removed from animals promptly. |
| pistachio | Pistacia vera | edible | Mildly toxic | Pistacia vera is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic-plant database, and the ASPCA notes pistachio nuts are not strictly toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The real hazards are high fat (vomiting, diarrhoea, risk of pancreatitis), shell ingestion (gut obstruction), and aflatoxin from mould on poorly stored nuts, which damages the liver. Keep nuts and shells away from pets. |
| Kerman pistachio | Pistacia vera 'Kerman' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pistacia vera is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and the ASPCA lists no Pistacia species as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses. The shelled nuts are not toxic, but as with any rich, fatty nut, large quantities can cause pancreatitis or GI upset, and salted/seasoned nuts and shells pose a choking and obstruction risk. |
| Water Lettuce | Pistia stratiotes | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Pistia is an aroid (Araceae) and contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; though not individually profiled by the ASPCA, the family's oxalate toxicity is well established and causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Treat as toxic and keep pets and grazing animals away. |
| Pitaya Agria | Stenocereus griseus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Stenocereus griseus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Related species in the genus produce alkaloids that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if stems are ingested. The spines present a significant physical hazard. As the toxic profile for this specific species in pets is not well documented, treat with caution around pets and keep out of reach. |
| flame pitcairnia | Pitcairnia flammea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pitcairnia is a bromeliad and falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic classification of bromeliad-family plants for cats and dogs; it is not individually listed by the ASPCA. A few Pitcairnia species are reported to contain trace saponins that may cause mild salivation or stomach upset if large amounts of fresh leaf are eaten, so treat with normal caution and consult a vet if a pet shows symptoms. |
| tropical pitcher plant | Nepenthes x ventrata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the only "pitcher plant" the ASPCA lists (California pitcher plant) is a different genus, Darlingtonia. Because the genus has no ASPCA-cleared members, we take the conservative view; real-world reports describe at most mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed. Keep out of pets' reach and verify with your vet. |
| Pitcher Sage | Salvia spathacea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia spathacea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The ASPCA classifies Salvia officinalis (common sage) as non-toxic, but individual ASPCA data for S. spathacea is absent. The aromatic essential oils present in the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. |
| Pitomba | Eugenia luschnathiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eugenia luschnathiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is eaten by people, but other Eugenia parts (seeds, leaves) can contain cyanogenic compounds and the genus is not ASPCA-cleared, so it should not be labelled pet-safe; ingestion of plant material may cause mild GI upset. |
| Pitton's Houseleek | Sempervivum pittonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum as a genus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum pittonii has no known toxic principles and is safe around pets. |
| Pixie Lime Peperomia | Peperomia orba 'Pixie Lime' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered pet-safe. The cultivar 'Pixie Lime' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Peperomia genus is clean: ASPCA lists multiple members (Peperomia obtusifolia/baby rubber plant, P. argyreia/watermelon, P. caperata/emerald ripple) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Peperomia listed as toxic. As always, verify with your vet, as eating any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| PJM rhododendron | Rhododendron × 'PJM' | flowering | Toxic | As a Rhododendron hybrid, PJM contains grayanotoxins in all plant parts. ASPCA lists Rhododendron spp. as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion can cause vomiting, drooling, hypotension, bradycardia, and CNS depression. The plant is very widely planted in North American residential gardens — a pet-safety awareness point for owners. |
| Friedrich's Chin Cactus | Gymnocalycium stenopleurum 'Friedrichii' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and cacti (Cactaceae) are not regarded as systemically poisonous to cats or dogs. Not individually named by the ASPCA, so this is a family-level safe rating: no toxic principle, but the spines remain a mechanical hazard if a pet chews or bats at the plant. |
| Plains Coreopsis | Coreopsis tinctoria | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The genus contains no known toxic principles. |
| Plains Prickly Pear | Opuntia polyacantha | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic. The densely packed spines and glochids are a significant physical hazard, embedding deeply in skin and mucous membranes of pets and children. Ingestion may cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation. The fruits (tunas) are edible for humans once glochids are carefully removed. |
| Plane-leaf begonia | Begonia platanifolia | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the highest concentration in the underground rhizome and roots. Ingestion in cats and dogs causes oral burning, drooling, and vomiting. In grazing animals, kidney failure is a documented risk. Symptoms in companion animals typically include immediate oral distress; seek veterinary advice promptly if ingestion is suspected. |
| Plantain Thrift | Armeria pseudarmeria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Armeria pseudarmeria is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a confirmed toxic or confirmed non-toxic species. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic; ingestion may cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Plantain-leaved Pussytoes | Antennaria plantaginifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antennaria plantaginifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Antennaria genus (Asteraceae family) has no reported toxic principle to cats, dogs, or horses and is used as a traditional medicinal herb in Indigenous North American medicine. |
| Plantain-leaved sedge | Carex plantaginea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; Carex is generally considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Plastic Plant Orchid | Epidendrum pseudepidendrum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists multiple Epidendrum species as non-toxic to dogs and cats. E. pseudepidendrum is not individually listed but is a member of the same genus, for which no toxic principle has been identified. General plant ingestion may cause mild gastric upset in sensitive animals. |
| Playboy Rose | Rosa 'Playboy' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosa species are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The only real risk is physical injury from thorns, so prevent pets from chewing stems. |
| Pleasant Air Plant | Tillandsia jucunda | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tillandsia is not formally listed by ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Classified here as mildly-toxic given the absent ASPCA listing. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Pleasant Cone Plant | Conophytum jucundum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum jucundum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Conophytum (Aizoaceae) has no documented toxic compounds for dogs or cats. The closely related Lithops is explicitly ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. No toxic principles are known for this species. |
| Pleasant Lembocarpus | Lembocarpus amoenus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lembocarpus belongs to Gesneriaceae, a family with no documented toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family and closely related genera (Sinningia, Columnea) are non-toxic per ASPCA records. Standard precaution: prevent ingestion. |
| Pleated Snowdrop | Galanthus plicatus | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain Amaryllidaceae alkaloids including lycorine and galanthamine; bulbs have the highest concentration. Toxic to dogs, cats, and humans — symptoms include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, bradycardia, and in severe cases (large ingestion) seizures. Confirmed toxic by Pet Poison Helpline. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Oertendahl's plectranthus | Plectranthus oertendahlii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (and horses): the ASPCA lists this species as 'Prostrate Coleus' (Plectranthus oertendahlii), classifying it as non-toxic. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Black Dragon Coleus | Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Black Dragon' | flowering | Toxic | Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides, syn. Coleus blumei) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is essential oils and diterpenes. Signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, loss of appetite and, with skin contact, dermatitis. |
| Freckles Coleus | Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Freckles' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides, formerly Coleus blumei) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is essential oils, which irritate the gut and skin. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, anorexia, and occasionally bloody vomiting or diarrhoea; contact can irritate skin. Keep away from pets. |
| Kong Rose Coleus | Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Kong Rose' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides, formerly Coleus blumei) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is essential oils, which irritate the gut and skin. Signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, loss of appetite, and occasionally bloody vomiting or diarrhoea; skin contact can cause irritation. Keep away from pets. |
| Festive Dance Coleus | Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Rainbow Festive Dance' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides, formerly Coleus blumei) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is essential oils, which irritate the gastrointestinal tract and skin. Signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, anorexia, and occasionally bloody vomiting or diarrhoea. Keep away from pets. |
| Wizard Scarlet Coleus | Plectranthus scutellarioides 'Wizard Scarlet' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides, formerly Coleus blumei) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is essential oils. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, anorexia, and sometimes bloody vomiting or diarrhoea; skin contact may irritate. Keep away from pets. |
| Bulbocodium Pleione | Pleione bulbocodioides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Pleione is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Formosa Pleione | Pleione formosana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Pleione is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Beautiful Pleione | Pleione speciosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Pleione is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| living rock | Pleiospilos bolusii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Pleiospilos is not individually confirmed on the ASPCA list, but related Aizoaceae mesembs such as Lithops (Living Stones) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic and the family carries no recognised toxic principle. Ingestion is not expected to cause poisoning, though eating any plant can cause mild, temporary stomach upset in some pets. |
| compact split rock | Pleiospilos compactus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Pleiospilos genus as non-toxic via Pleiospilos bolusii ('Living Rock Cactus', family Aizoaceae); this closely related Pleiospilos species follows the genus and is not expected to cause poisoning. As with any plant, nibbling may cause mild, temporary stomach upset in some pets. |
| purple split rock | Pleiospilos nelii 'Royal Flush' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pleiospilos is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. There are no well-documented toxic compounds, but absence of an ASPCA listing means it should not be asserted as pet-safe. Discourage pets from chewing it. |
| African living rock | Pleiospilos simulans | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Pleiospilos genus as non-toxic via Pleiospilos bolusii ('Living Rock Cactus', family Aizoaceae); this closely related Pleiospilos species follows the genus and is not expected to cause poisoning. As with any plant, nibbling may cause mild, temporary digestive upset in some pets. |
| Groby's Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis grobyi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pleurothallis grobyi is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and Pleurothallis is not among the orchids the ASPCA names as non-toxic. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Restrepia-like Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis restrepioides | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pleurothallis restrepioides is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and Pleurothallis is not among the orchid genera the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; chewing may cause mild GI upset. |
| Truncate Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis truncata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pleurothallis truncata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and Pleurothallis is not among the orchids the ASPCA names as non-toxic. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Ploughman's Spikenard | Inula conyzae | flowering | Mildly toxic | Inula conyzae is not specifically listed on the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. Sesquiterpene lactones present in many Asteraceae members can cause contact dermatitis and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested; classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution rather than confirmed safety. |
| Plover Eggs | Adromischus festivus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adromischus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Crassulaceae and shares the family with Echeveria and Sedum, neither of which contains known toxic principles to cats or dogs. No toxicity has been reported for A. festivus. Exercise standard caution and consult a vet if ingestion is a concern. |
| Stanley plum | Prunus domestica 'Stanley' | edible | Toxic | Plum (Prunus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Stems, leaves and the stones contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, most concentrated in wilting leaves and the kernel; the ripe flesh itself is not the toxic part. Signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, panting, breathing difficulty and shock. Prevent pets from chewing prunings or fallen stones. |
| Victoria plum | Prunus domestica 'Victoria' | edible | Toxic | Plum (Prunus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The stems, leaves and seeds (stones/pits) contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide; the toxic principle is most concentrated in wilting foliage and the kernel inside the stone. Ripe flesh is not the hazard. Signs of poisoning include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting and shock. Keep pets away from prunings and fallen stones. |
| Plum Pudding coral bells | Heuchera 'Plum Pudding' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Heuchera/coral bells, also listed as alumroot). Mild, transient stomach upset is still possible if a pet eats a lot of foliage. |
| plumed cockscomb | Celosia argentea var. plumosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Celosia (Celosia plumosa, Amaranthaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Plumed cockscomb poses no recognised poisoning risk to pets. As with any plant material, consuming a large quantity may cause mild, temporary stomach upset, but it is considered safe in pet households. |
| Plumed Palm | Dypsis plumosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis plumosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. As a member of the Dypsis genus and Arecaceae family — which includes the ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic areca palm (Dypsis lutescens) — no toxic principles are known for this species or the broader palm family. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a significant amount. |
| Plumose Shield Fern | Polystichum setiferum 'Plumosum Densum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum setiferum 'Plumosum Densum' is a cultivar of a true fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. No toxic compounds have been reported in this genus or family. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but true ferns in Dryopteridaceae are broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Plumose Soft Shield Fern | Polystichum setiferum 'Proliferum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum species including P. munitum (western sword fern) and P. acrostichoides (Christmas fern) are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; P. setiferum is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| poblano pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Poblano' | edible | Mildly toxic | Capsicum annuum (the poblano/ancho chile) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, so pet-safe status cannot be affirmatively claimed; the ASPCA 'Ornamental Pepper' listing is for Solanum pseudocapsicum, a different plant. Capsaicin in the pods is a mucous-membrane and gastrointestinal irritant to cats and dogs, so treat with caution, keep pods and foliage out of reach, and consult a vet if a pet eats any. |
| Pochutla Chamaedorea | Chamaedorea pochutlensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chamaedorea pochutlensis belongs to the Chamaedorea genus, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The foliage is considered safe for pets. As with all Chamaedorea species, berry fruits (if produced) should be kept away from pets as a precaution. |
| shrubby Buddhist pine | Podocarpus macrophyllus 'Maki' | houseplant | Toxic | As a cultivar of Podocarpus macrophyllus, it falls under the ASPCA's toxic listing for 'Buddhist Pine' (Podocarpaceae): toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with an unknown toxic principle causing vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets; do not confuse with deadly Taxus yews. |
| bronze-leaved rodgersia | Rodgersia podophylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rodgersia podophylla is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is unlisted, so its pet status is unconfirmed. With no authoritative ASPCA classification, treat it as uncertain rather than safe; keep pets from chewing the foliage and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Poet's Narcissus | Narcissus poeticus | flowering | Toxic | Narcissus poeticus, in common with all daffodil species, contains lycorine, narcissine, and calcium oxalate crystals throughout. ASPCA classifies daffodils as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The bulb is the most toxic part — ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias. The intensely fragrant flowers have caused headaches in poorly ventilated rooms. Handle with gloves as sap causes narcissus dermatitis. |
| Pogge's Cycad | Encephalartos poggei | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos (Zamiaceae cycads) contain cycasin glycosides that cause severe hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal damage, and neurological effects in dogs, cats, livestock, and humans. Seeds are most concentrated but all plant parts are toxic. ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic to pets. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after ingestion. |
| upright Pogostemon | Pogostemon erectus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pogostemon erectus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not classified by the ASPCA. Treat as an unverified plant; keep pets from grazing aquarium plants and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| downoi | Pogostemon helferi | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pogostemon helferi is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not classified by the ASPCA. Treat as an unverified plant; keep pets from grazing aquarium plants and check with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| broadleaf star plant | Pogostemon stellatus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pogostemon stellatus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus has no ASPCA classification. Treat as unverified; discourage pets from grazing aquarium plants and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Pohl's Air Plant | Tillandsia pohliana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic compounds have been identified in this species, and it is safe to keep in homes with pets. |
| Poinsettia | Euphorbia pulcherrima | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Euphorbia pulcherrima as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with irritant milky sap as the toxic principle, but explicitly notes its toxicity is "generally over-rated." Ingestion usually causes only mild mouth and stomach irritation, drooling, or occasional vomiting, and the sap can irritate skin; serious poisoning is very rare. Keep it away from pets and call a vet if large amounts are eaten or symptoms persist. |
| Point Reyes bearberry | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 'Point Reyes' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA for dogs or cats. Bearberry is not on major veterinary poison control lists. The berries are edible to wildlife and have a long history of human medicinal and food use by Indigenous peoples of North America. |
| Pointed-Cap Ginger | Alpinia oxymitra | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia oxymitra is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Zingiberaceae family is not a recognised toxic plant group for cats or dogs; young shoots and fruits of this species are consumed by humans in its native range. Nevertheless, no individual ASPCA non-toxic confirmation exists for this species, so it is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. Contact a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| pointed-leaf peperomia | Peperomia acuminata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Peperomia genus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; multiple species have been individually assessed and confirmed safe. Peperomia acuminata is not documented as containing harmful compounds. |
| Pointed-Leaf Wax Plant | Hoya acuminata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and the genus Hoya is broadly considered non-toxic with no known poisonous compounds. Mild gastric upset is possible if large amounts of plant material are consumed, as with any non-food plant. |
| Poiret's Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum poiretii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum maidenhair ferns are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Adiantum poiretii shares the same non-toxic genus status; no harmful principles are known. |
| Poison Lagenandra | Lagenandra toxicaria | houseplant | Toxic | The species epithet 'toxicaria' reflects genuine and significant toxicity. As an Araceae member, it contains abundant calcium oxalate crystals and has been used historically as a fish poison in Sri Lanka. Ingestion by pets or humans causes severe oral pain, swelling, drooling, and gastrointestinal distress. Keep completely away from pets and children. |
| Poisonous Adenia | Adenia venenata | houseplant | Toxic | Adenia venenata is one of the most toxic plants known. It contains modeccin — a highly potent type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP-II) similar in mechanism to ricin — as well as cyanogenic glycosides. Ingestion of even a small amount can cause severe organ damage and death in humans and animals. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Adenia genus is documented as severely toxic in toxicological and pharmacological literature. This plant must never be kept in any household with children or pets. Handle only with chemical-resistant gloves and wash hands thoroughly after any contact. |
| poke milkweed | Asclepias exaltata | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias) as toxic; some species contain cardiotoxins (steroidal glycosidic cardenolides) and others neurotoxins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, profound depression, weakness, anorexia and diarrhoea, with severe cases progressing to seizures, breathing difficulty and death. |
| Poker alumroot | Heuchera cylindrica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heuchera cylindrica is in the same genus as other ASPCA-listed non-toxic Heuchera species. No toxic principles are reported. However, it is not individually listed by ASPCA; based on genus-level data, it is considered non-toxic to pets. |
| climbing French bean | Phaseolus vulgaris | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phaseolus vulgaris is not listed by the ASPCA. Raw beans contain phytohaemagglutinin — cook before serving. |
| Polished Air Plant | Tillandsia polita | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; T. polita contains no identified toxic compounds and is safe to display in households with cats and dogs. |
| Polka dot begonia | Begonia maculata | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp., which includes B. maculata) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion can cause vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals. The most toxic part is underground (roots, rhizomes and tubers). Keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Spotted Begonia | Begonia maculata 'Wightii' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Begonia genus). The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tubers; ingestion causes oral irritation and intense burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep well away from curious pets. |
| freckle face | Hypoestes phyllostachya | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hypoestes phyllostachya is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| red polka dot plant | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Splash Select Red' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hypoestes phyllostachya is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. While not poisonous, eating large amounts may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset in pets, so casual nibbling is best discouraged. Do not confuse it with spotted-leaf begonias, which are toxic. |
| Polka raspberry | Rubus idaeus 'Polka' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Rubus / raspberry classed non-toxic). Fruit and foliage are pet-safe; only large quantities of ingested plant material may cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Polynesian Davallia | Davallia solida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Davallia solida belongs to the family Davalliaceae. Davallia ferns are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic principles have been identified in this genus. The fuzzy rhizomes are safe for curious pets that may investigate them. |
| Southern Polypody | Polypodium cambricum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Polypodium cambricum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true polypody fern with no recognised toxic principle, and ferns of this type are generally regarded as ASPCA non-toxic; nonetheless, because the species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Welsh Polypody Crest | Polypodium cambricum 'Cambricum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Polypodium cambricum 'Cambricum' is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true polypody fern cultivar with no recognised toxic principle, and such ferns are generally regarded as ASPCA non-toxic; because the species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Common Polypody | Polypodium vulgare | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium is a true fern genus not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database; true ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, though chewing fronds may cause minor, transient stomach upset in pets. |
| Hard Shield Fern | Polystichum aculeatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists true ferns as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Polystichum carries no toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Makino's Holly Fern | Polystichum makinoi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists true ferns as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Polystichum carries no toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Long-eared Holly Fern | Polystichum neolobatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists true ferns as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Polystichum carries no toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Divided Soft Shield Fern | Polystichum setiferum 'Divisilobum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Polystichum is a true fern in the Dryopteridaceae family; ASPCA-listed Polystichum species (such as Western Sword Fern, Polystichum munitum, and Christmas Fern, Polystichum acrostichoides) are classified non-toxic with no toxic principle identified. Eating large amounts of fronds may still cause mild, passing stomach upset. |
| Plume Soft Shield Fern | Polystichum setiferum 'Plumosum Densum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Polystichum is a true fern in the Dryopteridaceae family; ASPCA-listed Polystichum species (such as Western Sword Fern, Polystichum munitum, and Christmas Fern, Polystichum acrostichoides) are classified non-toxic with no toxic principle identified. Eating large amounts of fronds may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Pomegranate Bonsai | Punica granatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Punica granatum is not listed as toxic on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, but it is not affirmed pet-safe either; treat with caution and verify with a vet. ASPCA Poison Control has noted the leaves and fruit rind can cause GI upset, and seeds/rind pose a digestive-obstruction risk, so discourage pets from chewing foliage or fruit. |
| Pomelo | Citrus maxima | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Citrus species as toxic to cats and dogs, with essential oils and psoralens as the toxic principles; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and potential photosensitive dermatitis from skin contact. The rind and leaf oils of pomelo carry this citrus toxicity, so keep fallen fruit and prunings away from pets. |
| Ball dahlia | Dahlia 'Jowey Mirella' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is not fully identified; ingestion typically causes mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) and occasionally mild dermatitis on contact. Generally mild rather than life-threatening, but keep pets from grazing the plants. |
| Pond Apple | Annona glabra | tropical | Mildly toxic | Annona glabra seeds and bark contain annonaceous acetogenins — potent compounds with insecticidal and cytotoxic properties that are toxic in high doses to animals and humans. The ripe fruit flesh is traditionally eaten but the seeds must not be consumed. Not individually listed by ASPCA; however, given that the Annona genus broadly contains neurotoxic acetogenins shown to be toxic to dogs, keep all plant parts away from pets. |
| Pond Cypress | Taxodium ascendens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Taxodium ascendens is not individually listed by ASPCA. Taxodium species are not known to contain severely toxic compounds, but conifer foliage and pollen can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by pets. As a precaution, prevent pets from consuming large amounts of foliage or seed cones. |
| Pickerelweed | Pontederia cordata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pontederia cordata is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. Although all parts are documented as historically edible for humans when cooked, absence from the ASPCA list is not a clearance for pets; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| White Pickerelweed | Pontederia cordata 'Alba' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pontederia cordata and its cultivars are not individually listed by the ASPCA. While the species is documented as historically human-edible when cooked, that is not a substitute for ASPCA pet-safety grounding; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for cats or dogs. |
| Pink Pickerelweed | Pontederia cordata 'Pink Pons' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pontederia cordata and its cultivars are not individually listed by the ASPCA. The species is recorded as historically human-edible when cooked, but that does not establish pet safety; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for cats or dogs. |
| ponytails grass | Stipa tenuissima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Stipa tenuissima (Nassella tenuissima) is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and no specific toxic principle is documented. Treat with caution and verify with a vet: ingested grass can cause mild vomiting or stomach upset, and the fine flowering awns may lodge in the mouth or coat. |
| elephant’s foot | Beaucarnea recurvata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Beaucarnea recurvata as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safe choice for pet households. |
| strawberry popcorn | Zea mays var. everta 'Strawberry Popcorn' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Popcorn is a variety of Zea mays, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic; the toxic 'Corn Plant' on the ASPCA list is the unrelated Dracaena fragrans. Note that hard un-popped or partially popped kernels are a choking and tooth-fracture hazard, so keep dried cobs out of pets' reach. |
| Poplar-leaved rock rose | Cistus populifolius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus populifolius is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database; no specific toxic compound has been confirmed for this species in veterinary literature. As explicit non-toxic confirmation is absent, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; seek veterinary advice if pets consume the foliage. |
| Poppy anemone | Anemone coronaria | flowering | Toxic | Anemone coronaria contains protoanemonin, a toxic irritant lactone present in all fresh parts of the plant. The ASPCA lists Anemone as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and can lead to muscle tremors, haematuria, and collapse in larger doses. The sap can also cause skin irritation and blistering in humans — wear gloves when handling cut stems. |
| Porcupine grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Strictus' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sinensis is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Sharp leaf margins can cause physical injury to pets. Insufficient specific data to confirm safety, so classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Brazilian fireworks | Porphyrocoma pohliana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Porphyrocoma pohliana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not ASPCA-classified, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat as uncertain, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe rather than relying on unverified 'pet-safe' claims. |
| Port St. Johns Creeper | Pandorea ricasoliana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Note: Pandorea ricasoliana is sometimes listed in older references under Podranea ricasoliana (a separate genus). As Pandorea, it is not individually listed by ASPCA. As Podranea, it is likewise not ASPCA-listed with a specific toxic principle. No severe toxicity is documented, but as a Bignoniaceae vine, ingestion by pets or children is not recommended. Treat as mildly toxic. |
| Petropolis portea | Portea petropolitana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae are broadly considered pet-safe and the ASPCA lists multiple related bromeliad genera as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Portea is not individually named on the ASPCA list, but no toxic principle is known for the genus. The realistic risk is mechanical: the leaf margins carry sharp recurved spines that can injure pets (and handlers), so site it out of reach. |
| Portella Ruellia | Ruellia portellae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ruellia portellae is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Ruellia (family Acanthaceae) does not appear in ASPCA toxic plant lists for cats or dogs, suggesting low toxicity risk, but the species has not been formally evaluated. Treat as mildly toxic out of caution — keep away from pets and children. Contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Portugal quince | Cydonia oblonga 'Portugal' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cydonia oblonga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The fruit flesh is non-toxic. Seeds contain amygdalin (as in all Rosaceae pome fruits); do not feed seeds intentionally to pets. |
| Portuguese heath | Erica lusitanica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica lusitanica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Erica genus has no identified toxic principles, and heaths/heathers are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are consumed. |
| Portuguese Squill | Scilla peruviana | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Scilla peruviana are toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are cardiac glycosides (scilliroside and related bufadienolide compounds). Ingestion causes severe gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain), drooling, and potentially cardiac arrhythmia. Skin contact with the sap can cause irritation in sensitive individuals. Seek veterinary advice immediately if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Sundial Mango Portulaca | Portulaca grandiflora 'Sundial Mango' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-grounded: Portulaca is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, the toxic principle being soluble calcium oxalates. Signs can include drooling, vomiting, weakness and depression; large ingestions risk kidney effects from soluble oxalates. Keep away from pets and grazing animals. |
| Fairytales Cinderella Portulaca | Portulaca oleracea 'Fairytales Cinderella' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-grounded: Portulaca oleracea (purslane) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, the toxic principle being soluble calcium oxalates. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting and weakness, and large amounts risk kidney injury from soluble oxalates. Keep out of reach of pets and livestock. |
| Pot marigold | Calendula officinalis 'Pacific Beauty' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Calendula officinalis (pot marigold) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list and its petals are edible to people; do not confuse it with Tagetes (French/African marigold), a different genus that is mildly toxic. |
| pot marjoram | Origanum onites | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Marjoram (Origanum) as toxic to dogs and cats, and the genus's 'Pot Marjoram' name is cited on its listing. The toxic principle is gastrointestinal irritants causing vomiting and diarrhea; concentrated oregano/marjoram oils are stronger irritants. Keep pets from grazing large amounts and consult a vet on significant ingestion. |
| white potato | Solanum tuberosum | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Solanum tuberosum as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to solanine in foliage, stems, and green-skinned tubers. Cooked white-flesh tubers without green skin are safe. |
| Potbelly Air Plant | Tillandsia paucifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic compounds are known, and the plant poses no poisoning risk to household pets. |
| devil’s ivy | Epipremnum aureum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Epipremnum aureum as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing causes intense oral pain, drooling, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Sleeping Pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Shangri La' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum) as toxic; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Happy leaf pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'Happy Leaf' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pothos / Golden Pothos / Devil's Ivy (Epipremnum aureum) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips and tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| N'Joy Pothos | Epipremnum aureum 'N'Joy' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists pothos (Epipremnum aureum, golden pothos/devil's ivy) as toxic to cats and dogs; N'Joy is a cultivar of the same species. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral and tongue irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. |
| Pearls and Jade | Epipremnum aureum 'Pearls and Jade' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists pothos (Epipremnum aureum) as toxic to cats and dogs; Pearls and Jade is a cultivar of this species. The insoluble calcium oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing when any part is chewed. |
| Pothos-leaf Labisia | Labisia pothoina | tropical | Mildly toxic | Labisia pothoina is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of the Primulaceae family in the Labisia genus, it is likely to contain saponins and bioactive phytochemicals similar to related species. No specific pet toxicity data is available. Given the pharmacological activity of the genus and the absence of ASPCA non-toxic listing, treat with caution and keep away from pets and children. |
| Potomac Early snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Potomac Early' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Antirrhinum majus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, but the plant contains iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by pets or children. Handle with normal garden hygiene; generally regarded as low-risk. |
| Potts wax plant | Hoya pottsii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies the Hoya genus (wax plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya pottsii is regarded as safe in a pet household; consuming a large quantity of plant material may still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Pouch Flower | Calceolaria crenatiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calceolaria crenatiflora is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. The genus is cited by some pet-safety resources as non-toxic, but without direct ASPCA species-level confirmation it is classified here as mildly-toxic. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Pouch-Flowered Pearcea | Pearcea hypocyrtiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pearcea hypocyrtiflora is a member of Gesneriaceae, a family with no known toxic principles to pets or humans. The genus Pearcea is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been reported in the genus, and gesneriad relatives are broadly considered non-toxic. |
| Pouched Catasetum | Catasetum saccatum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catasetum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus belongs to the Orchidaceae family, which has no established toxic principles. No reports of toxicity in cats or dogs are documented in veterinary literature. As with all orchids, exercise caution with curious pets that might chew foliage or flowers. |
| Powderpuff Pincushion | Mammillaria bocasana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Lau's Echeveria | Echeveria laui | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list), so Echeveria laui is considered pet-safe. Ingestion may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Powdery Strap Airplant | Catopsis berteroniana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catopsis berteroniana is a member of the Bromeliaceae family, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Catopsis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and no toxic compounds are documented for this species. As with all bromeliads, physical irritation from stiff leaf margins is possible but there is no chemical toxicity. |
| Powdery Thalia | Thalia dealbata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Thalia dealbata is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. It belongs to the Marantaceae family, and closely related genera (Maranta, Calathea) are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic. No confirmed toxic principle has been reported. However, as with any pond marginal, ingestion of large quantities of raw plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; keep pets and children from grazing on pond plants as a precaution. |
| PowWow Wild Berry coneflower | Echinacea purpurea 'PowWow Wild Berry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echinacea is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, which is typical of any plant material. |
| Prairie Azure Sage | Salvia azurea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Salvia azurea is a native prairie wildflower with no identified toxic principles. |
| Prairie beardtongue | Penstemon cobaea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon species are not included on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants list for cats or dogs, so their safety status is unconfirmed. Some sources note the potential for selenium accumulation in certain Penstemon species grown in selenium-rich soils, which can be harmful to pets. Classified here as mildly-toxic out of caution — consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Prairie Blazing Star | Liatris pycnostachya | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Liatris species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic glycosides, alkaloids, or other harmful compounds are attributed to Liatris. The corms, leaves, and flowers are considered safe around pets, though as with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause minor gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Prairie Bluebells | Mertensia lanceolata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Mertensia species, including M. lanceolata, have been documented to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (retronecine-type, including lycopsamine N-oxide). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, and potentially genotoxic; livestock poisoning from Mertensia is on record. The ASPCA does not specifically list this species. Treat as mildly toxic to cats and dogs; chronic ingestion could cause liver damage. |
| Prairie Coreopsis | Coreopsis palmata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Coreopsis palmata contains no known toxic principles. |
| Prairie dock | Silphium terebinthinaceum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Silphium terebinthinaceum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; no toxic principles are documented for this species. |
| prairie dropseed | Sporobolus heterolepis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a true native grass it carries no known systemic toxin, but ripe seed awns can lodge in fur, ears or paws and cause mechanical injury if a pet chews the seed heads. |
| prairie fire switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Prairie Fire' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Panicum virgatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so pet safety cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Switchgrass is documented as hepatotoxic and photosensitising to grazing livestock, and the rough seed awns can mechanically irritate a pet's mouth or digestive tract if chewed. |
| Prairie gentian | Gentiana puberulenta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gentiana puberulenta is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic. Gentiana species are not known to contain toxic principles harmful to dogs or cats, and the genus is not on the ASPCA toxic plant list. |
| Prairie Goldenrod | Solidago ptarmicoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Solidago species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; the genus is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of large amounts of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Prairie heart-leaved aster | Symphyotrichum turbinellum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Symphyotrichum turbinellum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Asters in the Symphyotrichum genus are considered non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested, but no toxic principles have been identified. |
| Prairie June grass | Koeleria macrantha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Koeleria macrantha is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs. As a true grass (Poaceae), it is non-toxic and is a natural forage component browsed safely by horses, cattle, and deer across its native prairie range. |
| Prairie Milkweed | Asclepias hirtella | flowering | Toxic | As an Asclepias species, Prairie Milkweed contains cardenolide cardiac glycosides and milky latex throughout all plant parts, consistent with ASPCA's classification of Asclepias (milkweeds) as toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion of any plant part may cause vomiting, weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory depression. Consult a veterinarian immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Prairie Penstemon | Penstemon cobaea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Penstemon cobaea is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Penstemons (family Plantaginaceae) have no known toxic principles in veterinary literature. Generally regarded as safe around pets and children, though large ingestion of any plant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| rosinweed | Silphium integrifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Silphium integrifolium is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its resinous sap contains terpenoid compounds but no acute toxic principle is documented; ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Prairie Sky switch grass | Panicum virgatum 'Prairie Sky' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Panicum virgatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; switchgrass is associated with photosensitisation and liver problems in grazing livestock (horses, sheep, goats), so heavy ingestion by pets should be discouraged. |
| Prairie Sky Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Prairie Sky' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Panicum virgatum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Grasses are not known to be harmful to dogs or cats; Prairie Sky Switchgrass is safe for use in gardens accessible to pets. |
| prairie smoke | Geum triflorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geum triflorum is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No significant toxic principle is documented, but as with any plant, ingestion could cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Prairie Trillium | Trillium recurvatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA in their toxicity database. However, the roots and berries of Trillium species are known to contain irritant saponins and steroidal compounds that can cause nausea, vomiting, and digestive upset in pets and humans if ingested. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Prairie Violet | Viola pedatifida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pansies (Viola tricolor var. hortensis) are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA, and the genus Viola is not a recognised toxic plant group. Viola pedatifida is considered non-toxic; as always, ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| maranta | Maranta leuconeura | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Maranta leuconeura as non-toxic to cats and dogs. A safer pick for households with curious pets. |
| Preston Palm | Dypsis prestoniana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis prestoniana is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of the Dypsis genus and Arecaceae family — which includes the ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic areca palm (Dypsis lutescens) — no toxic principles are documented for this species. The palm family is broadly considered safe for companion animals. |
| Preston's Palm | Dypsis prestoniana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis prestoniana is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a member of the Dypsis genus and Arecaceae family — which includes the ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic areca palm (Dypsis lutescens) — no toxic principles are documented for this species or the broader palm family. The palm family is broadly considered safe for companion animals. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a large quantity. |
| Pretty Crocus | Crocus pulchellus | flowering | Mildly toxic | A true Crocus (Iridaceae). Ingestion by cats or dogs causes mild gastrointestinal signs (drooling, vomiting, diarrhea) per Pet Poison Helpline's assessment of Crocus spp. ASPCA does not individually list C. pulchellus. It is not the severely toxic Colchicum autumnale, though both are sometimes called 'autumn crocus' — true Crocus has 3 stamens; Colchicum has 6. |
| Pretty Peacock Ginger | Kaempferia pulchra | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the genus Kaempferia as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion of large quantities may cause transient gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Prickly Crossandra | Crossandra pungens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Crossandra (family Acanthaceae) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principle has been identified for the genus, making it a safe choice for pet-friendly households. |
| Prickly Cycad | Encephalartos altensteinii | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos altensteinii contain cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside), a potent hepatotoxin. Ingestion by cats or dogs causes vomiting, diarrhoea, liver failure, and potentially death. Encephalartos is in the family Zamiaceae and shares the same toxic profile as Cycas (sago palm), which the ASPCA lists as toxic. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Prickly heath | Gaultheria mucronata | flowering | Toxic | The berries and other plant parts contain toxic compounds that cause gastrointestinal distress in dogs, cats, and humans if ingested. Gaultheria mucronata is not individually listed on the ASPCA database under that name but is widely documented in veterinary and horticultural sources as toxic. Wear gloves when handling; keep children and pets away from berries. Contact a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Prickly Heath Bell's Seedling | Gaultheria mucronata 'Bell's Seedling' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaultheria mucronata is listed by Dogs Trust as 'harmful if eaten in quantity' for dogs. The berries contain compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea) if ingested by cats, dogs, or people in significant amounts. It is not classified as severely toxic, but the berries should be considered ornamental only — not edible for pets or humans. |
| Prickly Juniper | Juniperus oxycedrus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus species, including J. oxycedrus, are listed by ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The foliage, bark, and berries contain essential oils and resins that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and skin or mucous membrane irritation if ingested. The sharp needles also pose a physical injury risk. Consult a veterinarian if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Indian Fig | Opuntia ficus-indica | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Opuntia species ("Tree Cactus", family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the pads and fruit are widely eaten by humans and livestock. The chief risk is mechanical - spines and barbed glochids that lodge in mouths, throats, and paws - so clean nopales and tunas carefully and supervise pets. |
| Prickly saltwort | Salsola kali | edible | Mildly toxic | Salsola kali is not specifically listed in the ASPCA database. However, the plant is known to accumulate soluble oxalates and nitrates, particularly in young leaves and in plants grown in nitrogen-rich soils. Oxalate accumulation can cause kidney damage and hypocalcaemia in livestock and potentially in cats and dogs if consumed in significant quantity. The sharp, hardened spine-tips on mature plants also pose a physical injury risk. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution; consult a veterinarian if pet ingestion occurs. |
| Prickly Shield Fern | Polystichum vestitum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum is confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (Polystichum falcatum listed as non-toxic on ASPCA database). No toxic compounds are documented for Polystichum vestitum. The genus has no reported toxic principles for pets. |
| Prickly Thrift | Armeria pungens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Armeria pungens is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as either toxic or non-toxic. No toxic principles have been documented in the genus. Applied as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure; the spine-tipped leaves also present a physical injury risk if chewed by pets. |
| Prickly Water Lily | Euryale ferox | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Euryale ferox is not listed by ASPCA as toxic. The seeds (fox nuts/makhana) are a traditional food crop consumed by humans. No toxic principles have been reported for pets, though the sharp spines on leaves and stems present a physical hazard to animals and handlers. |
| Pride of Brazil Orchid | Cattleya purpurata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cattleya orchids, including Cattleya purpurata, are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are known in this genus. |
| Prima Donna Magic Flower | Achimenes 'Prima Donna' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Achimenes is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The Gesneriaceae family has no known toxic principles and the genus appears on ASPCA non-toxic plant lists for both dogs and cats. |
| common primrose | Primula vulgaris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Primula vulgaris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Sap can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive people but is not a meaningful pet hazard. |
| Primrose Huernia | Huernia primulina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Huernia belongs to the family Apocynaceae (formerly Asclepiadaceae). The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but milky latex present in stems of related Apocynaceae members can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Primrose-flower begonia | Begonia primuliflora | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia species (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses via soluble calcium oxalates, causing oral irritation, salivation, and vomiting. The underground portions of the plant contain the highest concentration of oxalates. Keep away from pets and children. |
| primrose-leaf cape primrose | Streptocarpus primulifolius | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus spp. are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. S. primulifolius carries no reported toxic principles and falls within the non-toxic genus listing. |
| Primrose-leaf Streptocarpus | Streptocarpus primulifolius | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic compounds are documented for this species. |
| polyanthus | Primula × polyantha | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (listed under 'Primrose', Primula species). Ingestion typically causes mild vomiting; the exact toxic principle is not identified. Skin contact with primula foliage can also cause irritation in sensitive people. |
| Bird's Eye Primrose | Primula farinosa | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Primula (primrose) as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is unspecified and ingestion typically causes mild vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. As a member of the Primula genus, bird's eye primrose should be considered toxic to pets. Note the foliage can also irritate human skin in sensitive people. |
| Japanese Primrose | Primula japonica | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Primula (primrose) as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is unspecified and ingestion typically causes mild vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. As a Primula species, Japanese primrose should be treated as toxic to pets and kept out of reach of grazing animals. |
| fairy primrose | Primula malacoides | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Primula species are listed under 'Primrose'), typically causing mild vomiting on ingestion. Additionally, like the related P. obconica, the foliage contains primin and can cause allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive people, so handle with care. |
| German primrose | Primula obconica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primula obconica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is treated as uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is well documented as toxic: the glandular leaf hairs secrete primin, a potent allergen causing contact dermatitis in people and pets, and ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, and diarrhoea (Pet Poison Helpline lists primrose as toxic to cats). Handle with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| dreamtime primulina | Primulina 'Dreamtime' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina hybrids such as 'Dreamtime' are not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so toxicity is unconfirmed. The genus sits in Gesneriaceae, whose ASPCA-listed members (African violet, Episcia/flame violet) are non-toxic to cats and dogs and the family has no known toxic principle. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Loki primulina | Primulina 'Loki' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina (including hybrids formerly classed as Chirita) is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed. It belongs to Gesneriaceae, whose ASPCA-listed relatives (African violet, Episcia/flame violet) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Patina Primulina | Primulina 'Patina' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina 'Patina' (genus Primulina, formerly Chirita) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Related gesneriads like African violet and gloxinia are ASPCA non-toxic, but this genus itself is unverified, so treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Primulina | Primulina tabacum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina (Chirita) is NOT individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Primulina-genus member appears on it. Its close relative the African violet (Saintpaulia) — a DIFFERENT genus in the same family, Gesneriaceae — is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, and Gesneriads have no documented toxic principle, but because Primulina itself is unverified we treat it conservatively. Verify with your vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| mixed-hair primulina | Primulina heterotricha | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina heterotricha is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its toxicity is unconfirmed. The genus belongs to Gesneriaceae, whose ASPCA-listed members (African violet, Episcia/flame violet) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the family has no known toxic principle. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| narrow-leaf primulina | Primulina linearifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina linearifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed. It belongs to Gesneriaceae, whose ASPCA-listed members (African violet, Episcia/flame violet) are classed non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the family has no recognised toxic principle. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Vietnamese Violet | Primulina tamiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primulina tamiana (syn. Deinostigma tamiana) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While related gesneriads such as African violet, gloxinia and cape primrose are ASPCA non-toxic, this species itself is unverified, so treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Prince Albert's yew | Saxegothaea conspicua | flowering | Mildly toxic | Saxegothaea is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats and dogs, and although it is not a true yew (Taxus), its safety status is unconfirmed. Treat it as uncertain — a possible GI irritant if chewed — and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Prince Masdevallia | Masdevallia princeps | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Masdevallia (Tailed Orchid, Masdevallia spp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Masdevallia princeps falls within this non-toxic genus assessment and is considered pet-safe. |
| Prince of Wales Juniper | Juniperus horizontalis 'Prince of Wales' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and berries contain mildly irritant oils that can cause vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten. Considered low risk but not confirmed non-toxic. |
| Prince's feather | Amaranthus hypochondriacus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Amaranthus hypochondriacus is not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA, but the genus Amaranthus includes A. retroflexus (pigweed), which the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats and horses due to soluble oxalates. The ornamental and grain species of Amaranthus contain oxalates and nitrates, which can cause gastrointestinal and potentially systemic problems in pets and livestock at significant doses. Treat as mildly toxic around pets, discourage access and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Princess Alexandra of Kent | Rosa 'Princess Alexandra of Kent' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: true roses (Rosa species) are non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The hazard is mechanical from thorns rather than toxic; supervise pets around cut stems and prunings. |
| Princess flower | Tibouchina urvilleana | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA does not individually list Tibouchina urvilleana (or its synonyms Pleroma, princess flower, glory bush, lasiandra) on its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so an authoritative pet-specific safety rating is unavailable. The California Poison Control System classifies Tibouchina as non-toxic to humans, dogs, and cats, but as a precaution treat it as a possible mild gastrointestinal irritant and contact your vet if a pet ingests a notable amount. |
| Principe Borghese tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Principe Borghese' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is solanine in the leaves, stems and unripe green fruit; signs include hypersalivation, inappetence, severe gastrointestinal upset, depression, weakness, dilated pupils and slow heart rate. The ripe red fruit itself is non-toxic, but keep pets away from the foliage and any green fruit. |
| Profusion Orange zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Profusion Orange' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Zinnia species as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All plant parts are considered safe, though ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Prosperity | Rosa 'Prosperity' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species, 'Rose', non-toxic, no toxic principle). Foliage and flowers are not poisonous; the only hazard to pets is physical injury from the plant's thorns and prickles. |
| Prostrate Blue Noble Fir | Abies procera 'Glauca Prostrata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abies species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but fir needles and resin contain terpene compounds that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) if ingested in quantity by cats or dogs. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Prostrate Raphionacme | Raphionacme procumbens | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Belongs to Apocynaceae, a family that frequently contains cardiac glycosides and other alkaloids. Raphionacme procumbens is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of Apocynaceae treat it as potentially toxic and keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Creeping Rosemary | Salvia rosmarinus 'Prostratus' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, now reclassified as Salvia rosmarinus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and this prostrate cultivar shares that status. The plant itself is pet-safe; concentrated rosemary essential oil should still be kept away from cats and dogs, and eating large amounts of any plant may cause mild GI upset. |
| Prostrate Speedwell | Veronica prostrata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica prostrata (family Plantaginaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Veronica (speedwells) has no documented toxic principles in veterinary toxicology and is generally regarded as safe for cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Protruding Air Plant | Tillandsia exserta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The plant contains no known toxic principles and ingestion typically causes, at most, mild gastrointestinal upset from the fibrous leaf material. |
| Provence Lavender | Lavandula × intermedia 'Provence' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lavender (Lavandula) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, which covers the Lavandula × intermedia hybrids. Toxic principles linalool and linalyl acetate cause nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss. Keep plants and concentrated lavender oils out of pets' reach. |
| Accolade Cherry | Prunus 'Accolade' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA classifies cherry (Prunus) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides releasing cyanide, most concentrated in wilting tissue; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting and shock. Prevent pets from chewing foliage, twigs or fallen material, and contact a vet at once if ingestion is suspected. |
| Kanzan Cherry | Prunus 'Kanzan' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA classifies cherry (Prunus) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, especially in wilting tissue; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting and shock. Keep pets from chewing leaves, twigs or fallen plant material; seek veterinary help immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Spire Cherry | Prunus 'Spire' | flowering | Toxic | As a Prunus cultivar, 'Spire' falls under the ASPCA's toxic listing for cherries, hazardous to cats, dogs and horses. Cyanogenic glycosides in leaves, stems and seeds release cyanide; signs include laboured breathing, dilated pupils, bright-red gums and shock. Keep prunings and any fallen fruit away from pets. |
| Amur Chokecherry | Prunus maackii | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs and cats. The ASPCA lists choke cherry and other cherries (Prunus) as toxic; the toxic principles are cyanogenic glycosides in the leaves, stems and seeds, releasing cyanide when chewed (especially in wilting material). Signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, panting, difficulty breathing and shock. |
| Bird Cherry | Prunus padus | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA classifies the Prunus genus, including bird cherry, as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Cyanogenic glycosides in the leaves, stems, bark and seeds/pits release cyanide; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty and shock. The bitter black fruits and any prunings should be kept from pets and grazing animals. |
| Tibetan Cherry | Prunus serrula | flowering | Toxic | The genus Prunus (cherry) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides in stems, leaves and seeds/pits, which release cyanide; signs include difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, bright-red gums, panting and shock. Keep prunings and fallen material away from pets. |
| Autumn Cherry | Prunus subhirtella 'Autumnalis' | flowering | Toxic | This is a Prunus cultivar, and the ASPCA lists cherries as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Cyanogenic glycosides in the leaves, stems and seeds release cyanide; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty and shock. Keep prunings and fallen plant material away from pets. |
| Przewalski's Sage | Salvia przewalskii | herb | Mildly toxic | Salvia przewalskii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Its close relative Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) contains biologically active tanshinones and phenolic acids used medicinally, and similarly potent compounds may be present in this species. As a precaution, a mildly-toxic classification is applied; ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Przewalski's ligularia | Ligularia przewalskii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ligularia przewalskii is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed. As a Senecioneae-tribe relative of the ASPCA-toxic Senecio/Curio, it falls within the pyrrolizidine-alkaloid group associated with hepatotoxicity; treat with caution, keep pets from grazing it, and verify with a vet. |
| Purple false eranthemum | Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not ASPCA-classified, so its pet-safety status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution, keep it out of reach of cats and dogs, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe; do not rely on third-party 'pet-safe' claims that lack ASPCA grounding. |
| Pseuderanthemum | Pseuderanthemum carruthersii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pseuderanthemum carruthersii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although some Acanthaceae relatives are ASPCA non-toxic, that does not confirm this genus, so treat it as uncertain, prevent pets from chewing it, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Yellow-splashed pseuderanthemum | Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. carruthersii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pseuderanthemum carruthersii is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not ASPCA-classified, so toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat as potentially harmful, keep away from pets, and confirm with a vet rather than relying on unverified 'pet-safe' assertions. |
| Lacoeur's pseudodracontium | Pseudodracontium lacourii | tropical | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Pseudodracontium is an Araceae genus (close to Amorphophallus) whose tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides — the same toxic principle ASPCA cites for listed aroids. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes oral burning, drooling, swelling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet on any exposure. |
| golden larch | Pseudolarix amabilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pseudolarix (golden larch) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No serious toxicity is documented and it is widely regarded as low-risk, but as an unlisted plant, prevent chewing as ingested foliage could cause mild stomach upset. |
| cube plant | Pseudolithos cubiformis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pseudolithos is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a milkweed-family (Apocynaceae) succulent its sap may be mildly irritating, and it must not be asserted as pet-safe without an ASPCA listing. Its rarity means it is unlikely to be encountered by pets, but keep it out of reach. |
| Somalia cube plant | Pseudolithos migiurtinus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pseudolithos is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a milkweed-family (Apocynaceae) succulent its sap may be mildly irritating, and it should not be asserted as pet-safe without an ASPCA listing. Keep this rare plant well out of pets' reach. |
| Psyllium | Plantago ovata | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Plantago ovata (psyllium) is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Psyllium husk is used in veterinary medicine as a safe, vet-approved soluble fibre supplement for dogs and cats. The plant itself presents no known toxic risk, though pure psyllium products should be used (commercial preparations may contain xylitol, which is toxic to dogs). |
| solitaire palm | Ptychosperma elegans | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Ptychosperma is not on the ASPCA database; true palms are generally regarded as non-toxic, but without species or genus grounding we treat it as uncertain. The bright red fruits and any ingested plant matter may cause gastrointestinal upset, so verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. |
| pubescent bladderwort | Utricularia pubescens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Utricularia pubescens is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. No toxic compounds are documented for the genus. The bladder traps target microscopic soil organisms only. Considered safe for households with cats and dogs, though the delicate surface mat is easily damaged by inquisitive pets. |
| Puebla Air Plant | Tillandsia pueblensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Physical contact with the stiff leaves may cause mild irritation, and ingesting any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Puerto Rican Columnea | Columnea tulae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Gold-Fish Plant (Columnea / Hypocyrta) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. C. tulae belongs to the same genus within the Gesneriaceae family. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. |
| Puerto Rican Guzmania | Guzmania berteroniana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. G. berteroniana belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which has no known toxic principles. |
| Pulasan | Nephelium mutabile | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nephelium mutabile is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fruit aril is eaten by people, but the seed is bitter and not consumed raw, so keep pets from chewing seeds, leaves or rind of this Nephelium. |
| Pulasan | Nephelium ramboutan-ake | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nephelium ramboutan-ake is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Sapindaceae closely related to rambutan, the seeds contain cyanogenic compounds and are considered hazardous to pets. The aril flesh is not reported toxic but is high in sugar. Keep seeds away from dogs and cats; consult a veterinarian if seeds are ingested. |
| dwarf pampas grass | Cortaderia selloana 'Pumila' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cortaderia selloana is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (no toxic principle). As with all pampas, the sharp blade edges can cause cuts and ingested foliage may cause mechanical irritation or mild stomach upset, so non-toxic is not the same as harmless. |
| Dwarf Norway Spruce | Picea abies 'Pumila' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Norway spruce (Picea abies) is not listed on the ASPCA's toxic-plant database and has no known toxic principle, so it is treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sharp needles can cause mild mechanical or gastrointestinal irritation if chewed or swallowed; discourage ingestion and monitor for brief stomach upset after large amounts. |
| field pumpkin | Cucurbita pepo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Cooked pumpkin flesh is often used as a fibre supplement for dogs. |
| Punting-Pole Bamboo | Bambusa tuldoides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa tuldoides is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are known in this species or genus. Bamboo is generally regarded as safe for dogs and cats. |
| Purging Jatropha | Jatropha cathartica | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Jatropha cathartica are toxic. The specific epithet 'cathartica' (purgative) reflects the strong gastroenteric toxicity — diterpenoid esters and curcin (a ricin-like toxalbumin) are present throughout the plant. Ingestion causes severe vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and can lead to hepatic injury. Latex sap is a skin and mucous membrane irritant. Keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| Purity cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Purity' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known in this genus. |
| Purple Air Plant | Tillandsia purpurea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ingesting plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Purple Allamanda | Allamanda blanchetii | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Allamanda blanchetii are toxic to people, pets, and livestock. The plant belongs to the Apocynaceae family and contains allamandin and other iridoid glycosides that cause gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea), and the sap causes skin and mucous membrane irritation. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Allamanda is widely documented as toxic and the related Allamanda cathartica is listed by veterinary poisoning references as toxic to dogs and cats. Keep away from pets and children; wear gloves when pruning. |
| purple basil | Ocimum basilicum 'Purpurascens' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (basil, Ocimum basilicum). It is a safe culinary herb; a pet nibbling it is at most at risk of mild stomach upset from eating a large quantity. |
| Purple Bugle | Ajuga reptans 'Atropurpurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ajuga reptans 'Atropurpurea' is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with the species, bugleweed contains iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by dogs or cats in significant quantities. Treat as mildly toxic out of caution. |
| Purple chokeberry | Aronia prunifolia | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aronia prunifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Aronia genus has no known toxic principles for cats or dogs. Berries are edible for humans; no toxicity reports for pets are associated with this species. |
| purple chokeberry | Aronia × prunifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | Aronia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so treat its pet status as unconfirmed. The seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) that can release cyanide if crushed and chewed in quantity; signs would include drooling, vomiting and lethargy. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; do not let pets gorge on fruit or chew seeds. |
| purple choy sum | Brassica rapa var. parachinensis 'Purple' | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists cultivated Brassica/Indian Mustard species as toxic to horses (toxic principle: isothiocyanates; signs include GI irritation and colic). Cats and dogs are not flagged as toxic on that entry and tolerate small cooked amounts, but isothiocyanates and oxalates can cause stomach upset, with thiocyanate risk from large repeated quantities, especially in cats. Keep away from horses; check with a vet if a pet is unwell. |
| Purple Cliff Brake | Pellaea atropurpurea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pellaea atropurpurea is not individually listed on the ASPCA database. The related species Pellaea rotundifolia (cliff brake) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. However, because P. atropurpurea itself has not received an individual non-toxic confirmation, it is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic. Consult a vet if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Eastern purple coneflower | Echinacea purpurea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Purple cyclamen | Cyclamen purpurascens | flowering | Toxic | All Cyclamen species are listed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The toxic principles are terpenoid saponins (including cyclamin), which are most concentrated in the tuber. Ingestion can cause salivation, vomiting, and diarrhoea; large amounts, particularly of tubers, can cause heart rhythm abnormalities, seizures, and death. |
| Purple Dragon Dead Nettle | Lamium maculatum 'Purple Dragon' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lamium maculatum is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No harmful toxic principles are known in the Lamium genus. Considered safe in gardens with pets. |
| Purple Fingers | Cheiridopsis purpurea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cheiridopsis purpurea is in the family Aizoaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, Aizoaceae mesembs have no known toxic compounds reported for pets or people. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if ingested in quantity. |
| purple fountain grass | Pennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pennisetum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Purple sage | Salvia officinalis 'Purpurascens' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA explicitly lists Salvia officinalis (common sage) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. |
| Purple Giant Hyssop | Agastache scrophulariifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache scrophulariifolia belongs to Lamiaceae and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified for this species in dogs or cats. Safe to grow in pet-accessible gardens. |
| Purple Glasswort | Salicornia ramosissima | edible | Mildly toxic | Not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs. The plant's very high sodium chloride content is a significant risk to pets: ingestion of more than a small amount can cause salt toxicity, resulting in vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive thirst, and in severe cases neurological signs. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Purple Glory Tree | Tibouchina granulosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tibouchina is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is included in the California Poison Control System's list of nontoxic plants for humans, dogs, and cats. However, ASPCA confirmation for this specific species is absent from their searchable database; as a precaution, classify as mildly-toxic given the lack of a definitive ASPCA non-toxic listing. No well-documented toxic principle is known for this genus. |
| Purple Haze Carrot | Daucus carota 'Purple Haze' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daucus carota (carrot) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Purple Haze carrot roots and foliage are safe for humans and companion animals. |
| Purple Heart | Tradescantia pallida | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Tradescantia genus (under "Inch Plant," Tradescantia fluminensis) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with dermatitis as the reported clinical sign; Tradescantia pallida is not listed individually by name. Its sap can irritate skin and the mouth/digestive tract, so keep it away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| Purple Queen | Tradescantia pallida 'Purpurea' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Tradescantia (inch plant / spiderwort) as toxic to cats and dogs. The sap is a well-known cause of contact dermatitis on skin and paws, and ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Wear gloves when handling and keep away from pets. |
| Purple Heartleaf Bergenia | Bergenia cordifolia 'Purpurea' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bergenia cordifolia 'Purpurea' (Saxifragaceae) is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in Bergenia. Safe around pets despite the sometimes confusing 'elephant's ears' common name shared with toxic Araceae. |
| Purple Jerusalem sage | Phlomis purpurea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis purpurea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. As confirmed safety data is lacking, it is classified as mildly-toxic; contact a veterinarian if ingestion by a pet is observed. |
| Purple Kiwi | Actinidia purpurea | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Actinidia purpurea is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Actinidia is a genus with no known toxic principles for cats or dogs. The closely related Actinidia arguta is ASPCA non-toxic. Considered low-risk for pets based on genus data. |
| purple love grass | Eragrostis spectabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eragrostis (love grasses) are grasses in the family Poaceae and are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Grasses as a family have no known toxic principles for dogs or cats, and Eragrostis spectabilis is considered safe for pets and livestock. |
| Purple Majesty potato | Solanum tuberosum 'Purple Majesty' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies potato (Solanum) as toxic to cats and dogs. Foliage, sprouts, green parts and green-skinned tubers contain the glycoalkaloid solanine, causing vomiting, drooling, lethargy, weakness and cardiac effects. The deep purple flesh colour is harmless anthocyanin, but the plant and any green or sprouted tubers remain unsafe for pets. |
| purple milkweed | Asclepias purpurascens | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias) as toxic; some species contain cardiotoxins (steroidal glycosidic cardenolides) and others neurotoxins. Ingestion may cause vomiting, profound depression, weakness, anorexia and diarrhoea, potentially progressing to seizures, breathing difficulty and death. |
| purple moor grass | Molinia caerulea 'Moorhexe' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Molinia (moor grass) is a true grass in the family Poaceae. Grasses are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and pose no known toxicity risk to dogs or cats. Safe for wildlife gardens and households with pets. |
| Purple Mountain Heath | Phyllodoce caerulea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phyllodoce caerulea is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As an Ericaceae species growing alongside genera known to contain grayanotoxins (Rhododendron, Kalmia, Pieris), and given no confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Keep cats and dogs away and consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Purple mountain heather | Phyllodoce caerulea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phyllodoce belongs to the Ericaceae family. Like several related genera (Kalmia, Rhododendron), members of the family can contain grayanotoxins and related compounds. Phyllodoce is not individually listed by ASPCA, but due to its Ericaceae family membership and the presence of related toxic compounds reported in the wider family, it should be treated as potentially toxic to pets. Keep away from dogs, cats, and livestock as a precaution. |
| Purple Mountain Saxifrage | Saxifraga oppositifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga stolonifera is listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Saxifraga oppositifolia belongs to the same genus and contains no known toxic compounds. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles have been reported in the genus for cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Purple Mullein | Verbascum phoeniceum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. Verbascum phoeniceum, like other mulleins, contains iridoid glycosides and rotenone-related compounds in its seeds and to a lesser extent in its foliage, which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in significant quantities. Overall toxicity risk is low. Not recommended for consumption. Smooth leaves do not cause the contact dermatitis associated with woolly-leaved species. |
| purple needlegrass | Nassella pulchra | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nassella pulchra (purple needlegrass) is a member of the Poaceae (grass) family, which is non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidelines. Note: the awns (needle-like tips of seed spikelets) can physically work into pet fur or skin — this is a mechanical hazard, not a toxicological one. Check pets that brush through seeding clumps. |
| Purple paintbrush | Castilleja purpurea | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a secondary selenium accumulator, Castilleja purpurea concentrates selenium in its tissues when grown on selenium-rich soils. ASPCA does not list the genus as confirmed safe. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset and, in larger amounts or repeated exposure, selenium-related symptoms including lethargy. Pets and children should be discouraged from eating any part of the plant. |
| purple passion plant | Gynura aurantiaca | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Explicitly listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA under the name 'Purple Passion Vine' (Gynura aurantica). No toxic principles reported. |
| Purple pitcher plant | Sarracenia purpurea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Sarracenia purpurea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and its genus Sarracenia has no ASPCA-listed members; the only ASPCA-listed "pitcher plant" is the California Pitcher Plant (Darlingtonia californica), a different genus. With no species- or genus-level ASPCA confirmation, treat as a verify-with-vet plant rather than assuming pet-safe; keep pitcher fluid away from curious pets. |
| Purple poppy mallow | Callirhoe involucrata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Callirhoe involucrata is listed as pet-safe and suitable for gardens with dogs by multiple authoritative native-plant horticultural sources including Dyck Arboretum and American Beauties Native Plants. Its roots are recorded as edible when cooked by several food-plant databases. It does not appear on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and no veterinary toxicology reports of adverse effects have been identified. |
| purple prairie clover | Dalea purpurea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dalea purpurea is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. It is a valued forage legume readily grazed by livestock and wildlife and not noted as poisonous, but because it is unlisted it should not be labelled pet-safe—prevent pets from eating large amounts. |
| Purple Prickly Pear | Opuntia macrocentra | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Opuntia species (under 'Tree Cactus', family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The real hazard is physical, not chemical: the long spines and hair-like glochids can lodge in a pet's mouth, paws, or skin, so site it out of reach of curious animals. |
| Purple Queen bougainvillea | Bougainvillea 'Purple Queen' | tropical | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Bougainvillea as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Contact with the sap may cause skin irritation; ingestion of leaves or bracts can result in mild gastrointestinal upset. Sharp thorns also pose a physical hazard. Seek veterinary advice if a pet consumes a significant quantity. |
| Purple Rose Tree | Aeonium arboreum 'Atropurpureum' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium arboreum is listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset including vomiting or diarrhoea. The toxic principle is not fully characterised but the plant is considered low-risk in small quantities. |
| Purple Royal Fern | Osmunda regalis 'Purpurascens' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Osmunda regalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Osmunda genus (family Osmundaceae) is a true fern with no documented toxic compounds — no alkaloids, oxalates, or glycosides. Widely cultivated in pet-inclusive gardens without recorded incidents. |
| Purple Basil | Ocimum basilicum 'Purple Ruffles' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (basil, Ocimum basilicum). 'Purple Ruffles' is a cultivar of the same species, so it carries no toxic principle. Large amounts may cause mild stomach upset, so moderation is sensible. |
| Red Sage | Salvia officinalis 'Purpurascens' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sage (Salvia officinalis) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs as a growing culinary herb. Large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and concentrated sage oil should be kept away from pets. |
| Purple Saxifrage | Saxifraga oppositifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga stolonifera (strawberry saxifrage) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA, and Saxifraga species broadly are not associated with pet toxicity. No toxic principles are documented for S. oppositifolia. |
| Purple Seemannia | Seemannia purpurascens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Seemannia purpurascens is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The Gesneriaceae family has no widely reported toxic principle, and many relatives are confirmed ASPCA non-toxic. No toxic compounds specific to this genus have been documented, but individual species data is absent. Keep out of reach of pets and children until a confirmed ASPCA listing is available. |
| Purple Siberian melic | Melica altissima 'Atropurpurea' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melica altissima is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic; ingestion of large quantities of plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Purple Stelis | Stelis purpurea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stelis belongs to the family Orchidaceae. Orchids as a family are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; no toxic principles are documented for Stelis specifically. Considered safe for cats, dogs, and horses based on genus/family profile, though ingestion of plant material is always best discouraged. |
| Chesnok Red garlic | Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon 'Chesnok Red' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies garlic (Allium sativum) as toxic to cats and dogs and more potent than onion. Thiosulphates cause oxidative red-blood-cell damage and haemolytic anaemia; signs include vomiting, lethargy, pale or yellow gums, weakness and discoloured urine. Keep cloves, bulbs and scapes well away from pets. |
| Stokes Purple sweet potato | Ipomoea batatas 'Stokes Purple' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Sweet Potato Vine, Ipomoea batatas), with no toxic principle identified. Note this is the true sweet potato; do not confuse it with toxic ornamental morning-glory relatives. As with any rich food, large quantities can cause mild GI upset in pets. |
| Purple toadflax | Linaria purpurea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Linaria purpurea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other Linaria species (Plantaginaceae), it contains iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in significant quantities by pets or humans. Not considered severely toxic, but consumption should be discouraged. |
| Purple Vygie | Drosanthemum hispidum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosanthemum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family, which includes ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic ice plant (Lampranthus) and Lithops, has no reported toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Purple Waffle Plant | Hemigraphis colorata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the waffle plant (Hemigraphis exotica/alternata) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Hemigraphis colorata is a closely related species in the same genus sharing the same Acanthaceae family and has no known toxic principles. As with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but it is not considered a hazard to pets or children. |
| Purple Wreath | Petrea volubilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Petrea volubilis is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. It is not individually documented as having known toxic principles, but belongs to the Verbenaceae family. As a precaution, treat as potentially irritating if ingested and keep curious pets away. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Purple Yam | Dioscorea alata | edible | Mildly toxic | Raw Dioscorea alata tubers contain cyanogenic glycosides and bitter saponins that are unsafe to eat uncooked. Thorough cooking (boiling or steaming for at least 20 minutes) fully neutralises these compounds. The cooked tuber is safe and highly nutritious. Not individually listed by ASPCA; the genus may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets if raw plant material is ingested. |
| Purple-brown wax plant | Hoya purpureofusca | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus (wax plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya purpureofusca is regarded as safe in a pet household; ingestion of a large quantity of plant material may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Purple-flowered Sage | Salvia purpurea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia purpurea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Salvia genus is not classified as a confirmed toxic group; however, the aromatic oils present in the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal signs (drooling, vomiting) if ingested in quantity by cats or dogs. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Purple-leaf Pepper | Piper porphyrophyllum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Piper porphyrophyllum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The broader Piper genus contains piperine and related alkaloids that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by dogs or cats. Apply caution and keep out of reach of pets. |
| Purple-leafed Clover | Trifolium repens 'Atropurpureum' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trifolium repens 'Atropurpureum' shares the same toxicity profile as the species: confirmed non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The ornamental cultivar has no additional toxic principles. Large quantities may cause mild digestive upset in any pet. Safe for pet-friendly gardens. |
| Purple-top germander | Teucrium hircanicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Teucrium hircanicum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. It belongs to the Teucrium genus, members of which contain neo-clerodane diterpenoids associated with hepatotoxicity in humans following prolonged ingestion of herbal preparations. Ingestion by cats or dogs may cause gastrointestinal upset or, in quantity, potential liver irritation. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Purplestem Angelica | Angelica atropurpurea | herb | Mildly toxic | Angelica atropurpurea contains furanocoumarins in the stem sap, causing photodermatitis (blistering, hyperpigmentation) on skin exposed to sunlight after contact. Not individually listed by ASPCA; ingestion in quantity may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. Use caution and gloves when handling — especially when cutting hollow stems. |
| flame grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Purpurascens' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and confirm with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. The realistic risk from ornamental grasses is mechanical, with sharp leaf edges and barbed seed awns able to cut a pet's mouth or lodge in eyes and ears. |
| Purpus's Dioon | Dioon purpusii | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Dioon purpusii are severely toxic. As a cycad, it contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glycoside) and BMAA neurotoxins. Ingestion causes vomiting, liver failure, neurological damage, and can be fatal to dogs, cats, and humans. Seeds are the most toxic part. Keep away from all pets and children. ASPCA classifies cycads (Cycas, Zamia and related genera) as severely toxic; Dioon is in the same family (Zamiaceae) with the same toxin profile. |
| miniature sweet flag | Acorus gramineus 'Pusillus' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Acorus gramineus is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. It lacks the heavy β-asarone load of A. calamus and is often regarded as low-risk, but because it belongs to the same genus as that toxic species and has no explicit ASPCA listing, treat it as uncertain and keep it out of reach. Chewing may cause oral irritation or mild stomach upset; consult a vet if a pet eats it. |
| Pussy Ears Plant | Cyanotis somaliensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyanotis somaliensis is not individually listed by ASPCA, but is a member of Commelinaceae — a family with no known toxic principles to cats or dogs. Multiple horticultural sources report no toxicity. As with all plants, ingestion in large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; keep out of reach of pets as a general precaution. |
| Pygmy Bamboo | Pleioblastus pygmaeus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleioblastus pygmaeus belongs to Poaceae (true grasses). No toxic principles are known in bamboos; the ASPCA lists bamboo (Poaceae) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Safe for households with pets. |
| Pygmy Cactus | Rebutia pygmaea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists cacti (family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs across multiple representative species; Rebutia is not individually listed but sits within this non-toxic family. Spines remain a mechanical hazard, and ingesting plant tissue can cause minor stomach upset, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Miniature Date Palm | Phoenix roebelenii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the pygmy date palm (as "Miniature Date Palm," Phoenix robellinii) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Note that the lower leaflets are modified into sharp 5-8 cm (2-3 in) spines at the leaf base, which can physically injure curious pets, so the plant itself is safe but the spines warrant placement out of reach. |
| Multi-Trunk Pygmy Date Palm | Phoenix roebelenii 'Trifurcata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (under Phoenix roebelenii, the Miniature/Dwarf Date Palm). Note the sharp spines near the frond bases can physically injure curious pets, and any fibrous foliage may cause mild stomach upset if chewed in quantity. |
| Pygmy Rwandan Water Lily | Nymphaea thermarum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea thermarum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with other Nymphaea species, ingestion of plant material — particularly rhizomes — may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to alkaloid content. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. |
| pygmy sundew | Drosera scorpioides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Drosera sundews are not classified as toxic and are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; the sticky secretions may cause mild irritation and ingesting plant material can cause mild stomach upset. Keep out of reach mainly to protect the delicate, tiny plants from curious pets. |
| Pygmy Water Lily | Nymphaea tetragona | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nymphaea genus water lilies are confirmed non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per the ASPCA. Nymphaea tetragona has the same safety profile. Not to be confused with true lilies (Lilium) or daylilies (Hemerocallis), which are toxic to cats. |
| Narrowleaf Firethorn | Pyracantha angustifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pyracantha is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; the foliage and seeds contain cyanogenic compounds and the berries may cause mild stomach upset, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. The sharp thorns are an additional hazard to pets. |
| Pyramidal Bugle | Ajuga pyramidalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ajuga pyramidalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus contains iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. No severe toxicity is documented, but consumption should be discouraged. Consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Pyramidal Arborvitae | Thuja occidentalis 'Pyramidalis' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja occidentalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and oil contain thujone, which in quantity can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in severe cases neurological signs in dogs and cats. Reported poisonings are uncommon, but prevent ingestion and monitor pets. |
| Pyrenean Heron's Bill | Erodium manescavii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium species are not listed in either the toxic or non-toxic sections of the ASPCA Toxic Plants database. As a precautionary classification, mildly-toxic is assigned until a definitive ASPCA or veterinary authority assessment is available. If a pet consumes any part of this plant, contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435. |
| Pyrenean lily | Lilium pyrenaicum | flowering | Toxic | All parts of true lilies (Lilium spp.) are highly toxic to cats — ingestion of even small amounts of pollen, petals, or leaves can cause fatal acute kidney failure within 24–72 hours. Dogs may experience gastrointestinal upset but do not develop renal failure. Toxic principle in cats is not fully characterised but is distinct from cardiac glycosides; immediate veterinary attention is required after any cat exposure. |
| Pyrenean merendera | Merendera montana | flowering | Toxic | Merendera montana belongs to the family Colchicaceae and contains the tropolone alkaloids colchicine, 3-demethylcolchicine, and colchicoside — the same toxic principles as autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Ingestion by cats, dogs, or humans can cause severe multi-system toxicity including vomiting, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, bone marrow suppression, respiratory failure, and death. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| Pyrenean ramonda | Ramonda myconi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ramonda myconi is a Gesneriaceae member. The ASPCA lists related genera (Saintpaulia, Streptocarpus, Episcia, Sinningia) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Ramonda is not individually listed by ASPCA but no toxic principles are documented for this genus. |
| Pyrenean Rock Jasmine | Androsace pyrenaica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Androsace pyrenaica and the genus Androsace (Primulaceae) do not appear on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. No documented toxic principles are known, but in the absence of authoritative ASPCA data the species is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Pyrenean Saxifrage | Saxifraga longifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No toxic principles are documented for Saxifraga longifolia. The ASPCA lists Saxifraga stolonifera as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the genus is not associated with pet toxicity. Pets are very unlikely to encounter this cliff-face specialist in garden settings. |
| Pyrenean star of Bethlehem | Ornithogalum pyrenaicum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Ornithogalum species as toxic to cats and dogs, containing cardenolide cardiac glycosides throughout all plant parts. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, excess salivation, lethargy, and potential cardiac effects in significant amounts; keep away from all pets. |
| Spear-leaved Felt Fern | Pyrrosia hastata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pyrrosia hastata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Pyrrosia does not appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. While true ferns are generally non-toxic, with no explicit ASPCA grounding for this species or genus, treat with caution and verify with a vet; assume mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if eaten. |
| Dwarf Felt Fern | Pyrrosia piloselloides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pyrrosia piloselloides is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Pyrrosia does not appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. True ferns are usually non-toxic, but without explicit ASPCA grounding for this species or genus, treat with caution and verify with a vet; mild gastrointestinal upset cannot be ruled out if ingested. |
| QIS Mix statice | Limonium sinuatum 'QIS Mix' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium sinuatum is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Mild gastrointestinal upset may occur if large quantities are ingested, but no toxic principles have been identified. |
| Quailbush | Atriplex lentiformis | edible | Mildly toxic | Atriplex lentiformis is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, and PFAF notes no toxins in the Atriplex genus broadly. However, leaves contain soluble oxalates that can cause digestive upset and potential oxalate-related kidney effects in pets consuming large quantities; plants grown with nitrogenous fertilisers may also accumulate nitrates. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution. |
| quaking grass | Briza media | flowering | Mildly toxic | Briza media is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with grasses generally, ingesting large amounts of foliage or seedheads may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Quedlinburg Lemon Balm | Melissa officinalis 'Quedlinburger Niederliegende' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melissa officinalis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The 'Quedlinburger Niederliegende' cultivar is a selection of the same species with the same phytochemical profile and is safe for households with pets. |
| Queen Anthurium | Anthurium warocqueanum | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the genus Anthurium as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle (listed under "Tail Flower" and "Flamingo Flower," Anthurium scherzeranum). Anthurium warocqueanum is not named individually but belongs to the same genus, so treat it as toxic. Chewing releases needle-like raphide crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, mouth/lip swelling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Queen Cattleya | Cattleya warscewiczii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cattleya orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus, making it safe for pet-owning households. |
| Queen Elizabeth | Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Thorns, though sparse on this cultivar, can still cause physical injury, so supervise pets near the plant. |
| Queen Lime Red zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Queen Lime Red' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia elegans cultivars are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. 'Queen Lime Red' is safe for homes and gardens with pets. |
| Queen Mary Bromeliad | Aechmea mariae-reginae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea mariae-reginae is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; no toxic principles are recorded for the Aechmea genus and it is broadly considered non-toxic in veterinary references, though ingesting plant material may cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| queen of hearts plant | Homalomena rubescens | houseplant | Toxic | Homalomena rubescens is an Araceae aroid containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout its tissues. Chewing or ingesting any part causes intense oral pain, drooling, swelling of the mouth and throat, and vomiting in dogs, cats, and humans. Keep away from pets and children. ASPCA lists the Homalomena genus as toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Queen of Night Tulip | Tulipa gesneriana 'Queen of Night' | flowering | Toxic | Tulipa gesneriana cultivars contain tulipalin A and B (allergenic lactones), concentrated heavily in the bulb tunics. ASPCA lists tulips as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms include oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and potential cardiac effects with large ingestion. Human handlers may develop allergic contact dermatitis ('tulip fingers') from repeated bulb handling — wear gloves. |
| Queen of Orchids | Cattleya dowiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cattleya orchids are recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cattleya dowiana contains no identified toxic compounds and is safe for households with pets. |
| Queen of Sweden | Rosa 'Queen of Sweden' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Rosa (true roses) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The thorns can still injure or irritate a pet's mouth if chewed. Do not confuse with unrelated toxic plants bearing the 'rose' name, such as desert rose or Christmas rose. |
| Queen of the Prairie | Filipendula rubra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Filipendula rubra is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no toxic principles have been confirmed for this species. However, because it has not been ASPCA-verified as non-toxic, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; contact your vet if a pet ingests large quantities. |
| Queen pineapple | Ananas comosus 'Queen' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA lists pineapple among fruits safe to share with pets and the plant contains no poisonous compounds. Queen's leaves are notably spiny, so the main risk is physical injury, and bromelain in unripe fruit and sap can irritate the mouth; supervise pets accordingly. |
| Fern Palm | Cycas circinalis | houseplant | Toxic | Covered by the ASPCA's Cycads/Sago Palm listing as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle cycasin causes vomiting, bloody diarrhea, jaundice and acute liver failure; seeds are the most dangerous part. Note Cycas circinalis is also linked to BMAA neurotoxin concerns in humans. Keep well away from pets and children. |
| Queen's Tears | Billbergia nutans | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA does not individually list Billbergia nutans, and no member of the genus Billbergia appears in its toxic/non-toxic database — the only bromeliads it lists as non-toxic (Earth Star/Cryptanthus and Blushing Bromeliad/Neoregelia) are different genera. Without a confirmed listing we treat it conservatively as mildly toxic; please verify with your vet. Note the saw-toothed leaf edges can also physically scratch curious pets. |
| Queeny Lime Orange zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Queeny Lime Orange' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia elegans is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The plant is not known to contain harmful compounds. |
| Quehl's Chin Cactus | Gymnocalycium quehlianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with multiple representative species listed as non-toxic; Gymnocalycium is not individually listed but falls within this non-toxic family. The real hazard is mechanical: spines can pierce paws, mouths, and eyes, and chewing any plant matter may cause mild GI upset. |
| Quelch's bladderwort | Utricularia quelchii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Utricularia quelchii is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principle has been formally identified, but pet safety is unconfirmed. Classed as mildly-toxic as a precaution until formal data exists. |
| Scarlet Oak | Quercus coccinea | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs and cats. The ASPCA lists oak (Quercus) as toxic; the toxic principles are tannins concentrated in buds, young foliage and acorns. Ingestion can cause vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea (sometimes bloody), with possible liver and kidney effects after large or repeated consumption. |
| Upright English Oak | Quercus robur 'Fastigiata' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs and cats. The ASPCA lists oak (Quercus) as toxic; the toxic principles are tannins (gallotannic and related phenolic acids), concentrated in buds, young leaves and especially acorns. Signs include vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea (sometimes bloody) and, with large or repeated intake, possible liver and kidney effects. |
| Quesnel's Bromeliad | Quesnelia quesneliana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Members of family Bromeliaceae are classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Quesnelia quesneliana is not individually listed, but no toxic principles are known for the genus. |
| marbled quesnelia | Quesnelia marmorata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a bromeliad, Quesnelia is covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic classification of bromeliad-family plants for cats and dogs. Risks are limited to mild, transient oral irritation if leaves are chewed and the need to keep the tank water clean to avoid mosquito larvae. |
| turtle quesnelia | Quesnelia testudo | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Quesnelia is a bromeliad and therefore falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic classification of bromeliad-family plants for cats and dogs. The only real cautions are mild, passing oral irritation if foliage is chewed and keeping the tank water fresh to prevent mosquito breeding. |
| Quila Bamboo | Chusquea quila | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chusquea quila is a grass (Poaceae). Bamboos have no known toxic principles to dogs or cats and are not listed as toxic to pets by the ASPCA. |
| common quince | Cydonia oblonga | edible | Mildly toxic | Cydonia oblonga is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not authoritatively classified. As a member of the rose family (Maloideae), the seeds and leaves contain trace cyanogenic compounds (amygdalin) that can release small amounts of cyanide if chewed in quantity. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Leskovac quince | Cydonia oblonga 'Leskovac' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cydonia oblonga is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The cooked flesh is generally regarded as non-toxic, but as a rose-family fruit the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) that release cyanide when chewed, so seeds and pips must be kept from pets. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Smyrna quince | Cydonia oblonga 'Smyrna' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cydonia oblonga is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The seeds (pips) of quince contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed, as in related Rosaceae; the cooked flesh is a culinary fruit. Treat with caution, keep pets from gnawing seeds, foliage or bark, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Vranja quince | Cydonia oblonga 'Vranja' | edible | Mildly toxic | Quince (Cydonia oblonga) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally classified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Rosaceae, the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin) like apple and cherry pips, so seeds and quantities of foliage should be kept from pets. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| White rabbit's foot fern | Humata tyermannii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Rabbit's Foot Fern (Davallia spp.) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Humata tyermannii is sold within the same rabbit's-foot-fern group of the Davalliaceae and shares this non-toxic status, so it is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, discourage nibbling to avoid mild stomach upset. |
| Rabbit's foot fern | Davallia fejeensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Davallia fejeensis (Dainty Rabbits-Foot Fern) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, so it is a genuinely pet-safe choice. As with any plant, a curious pet that chews the fronds may get mild, transient stomach upset simply from the fibrous material, but no toxic compounds are involved. |
| Rabbit's Foot Prayer Plant | Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoveana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Maranta as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rabbiteye blueberry | Vaccinium ashei | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vaccinium (blueberry) plants are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Fruit and foliage are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| rabbiteye blueberry | Vaccinium virgatum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blueberry (Vaccinium) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; rabbiteye berries are a safe pet treat in moderation, with no toxic principle reported for leaves or fruit. |
| white-dotted rabiea | Rabiea albinota | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Rabiea albinota is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before trusting it around pets. Closely related Aizoaceae genera that ARE listed (Ice Plant/Lampranthus and Dinteranthus) are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but absence of a species-level listing means we will not assert pet-safe here. |
| Raceme catmint | Nepeta racemosa | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta racemosa is non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The genus Nepeta contains nepetalactone, which is attractive and stimulating (not harmful) to many cats. The ASPCA does not list Nepeta as toxic, and it is widely considered pet-safe. |
| Raceme Dancing Ginger | Globba racemosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Globba racemosa is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. No specific toxic principles have been documented for this species in the scientific literature, but a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Raceme Masdevallia | Masdevallia racemosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Masdevallia (Tailed Orchid, Masdevallia spp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Masdevallia racemosa is within this assessed genus and is considered pet-safe. |
| Racine's Vriesea | Vriesea racinae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. V. racinae belongs to Bromeliaceae, a family with no documented toxic principles. Safe around household pets. |
| Radicalis Palm | Chamaedorea radicalis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Chamaedorea is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Chamaedorea radicalis is not individually listed but shares the genus-level non-toxic status; no toxic compounds are known for this species. |
| Treviso radicchio | Cichorium intybus var. foliosum 'Rossa di Treviso' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cichorium intybus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a confirmed pet-safe label cannot be assigned. Ingestion of any leafy plant material can cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. |
| Verona radicchio | Cichorium intybus var. foliosum 'Rossa di Verona' | edible | Mildly toxic | Cichorium intybus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given. As with most leafy greens, eating the foliage may cause mild vomiting or stomach upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| salad radish | Raphanus sativus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Radishes are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. |
| Ragged Robin | Silene flos-cuculi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. No widely documented toxicity to cats or dogs, but as a Caryophyllaceae member it may contain saponins; classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution rather than confirmed pet-safe. |
| Rainbow Chard | Beta vulgaris var. cicla 'Bright Lights' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beta vulgaris var. cicla (chard, including 'Bright Lights') is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. All parts are safe for pets, though large quantities of the naturally occurring oxalic acid may cause mild digestive upset. |
| rainbow chard | Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla 'Rainbow Chard' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beta vulgaris is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (the species page covers beet, chard and silverbeet). Note the practical caveat: mature leaves are high in soluble oxalic acid, so large raw quantities can cause GI upset and contribute to calcium-oxalate stones in susceptible pets. |
| Rainbow leucothoe | Leucothoe fontanesiana 'Rainbow' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dog Hobble (Leucothoe species) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is grayanotoxin. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, cardiovascular collapse, weakness, low blood pressure, and potentially coma or death. 'Rainbow' shares this toxicity; keep away from all pets and livestock. |
| Rainbow Plant | Byblis liniflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Byblis liniflora is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The plant secretes sticky digestive enzymes from leaf glands; ingestion of plant material could cause mild oral irritation or gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. No formal toxicity classification is available — consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Raindrop Peperomia | Peperomia polybotrya | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia polybotrya is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, but multiple Peperomia species (P. obtusifolia, P. caperata, P. argyreia, P. prostrata, P. griseoargentea) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Peperomia listed as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe; verify with your vet, as ingesting large amounts of any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Rainer's Bellflower | Campanula raineri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for this genus; considered safe for dogs, cats, and horses. |
| Rainforest Plum | Eugenia candolleana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eugenia candolleana is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Eugenia and the Myrtaceae family have no documented toxic principles in dogs or cats. The fruits are edible to humans and consumed by Atlantic Forest wildlife without adverse effects. |
| rainha do abismo | Sinningia canescens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia (family Gesneriaceae) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Gesneriads as a family have no reported toxic principles. |
| Raja begonia | Begonia rajah | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia species (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates concentrated especially in the underground rhizome. Signs of ingestion include intense oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting in cats and dogs. Keep all parts away from pets and children. |
| Ram's Head Catasetum | Catasetum arietinum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catasetum arietinum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family has no established toxic compounds documented in veterinary literature, and no toxicity reports exist for this species. Discourage pets from chewing the pseudobulbs or flower spikes as a general precaution. |
| Rambai | Baccaurea motleyana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Baccaurea motleyana (family Phyllanthaceae) is not listed by ASPCA. No documented toxic principles have been identified for this genus, and the fruit is widely consumed by humans across Southeast Asia. However, the species is not individually assessed by ASPCA and safety for pets cannot be confirmed. Prevent pets from consuming seeds or large quantities of fruit as a precaution. |
| Rambling sundew | Drosera ramellosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Drosera species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; they contain plumbagin (a naphthoquinone) that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs if ingested. Classify as mildly-toxic until an authoritative non-toxic listing is confirmed. |
| Rambutan | Nephelium lappaceum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nephelium lappaceum is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aril (fruit flesh) is a common human food, but the seed contains saponins and is bitter and not eaten raw, so prevent pets from chewing seeds, leaves or peel. |
| Ramsons | Allium ursinum | herb | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an Allium species it contains organosulfur compounds (such as N-propyl disulfide) that damage red blood cells, causing oxidative haemolytic anaemia. Signs include weakness, pale gums, vomiting, rapid breathing and dark urine; cats are especially sensitive. Keep all parts away from pets. |
| Rangoon Creeper | Quisqualis indica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Combretum indicum (Rangoon Creeper) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The plant is generally considered of low toxicity to pets and humans. However, the seeds contain quisqualic acid, an excitatory amino acid that is toxic to intestinal parasites and in large doses can cause neurological effects. Flowers and leaves have a history of use in traditional medicine. Caution is warranted: keep out of reach of pets and children as a precaution, and do not allow ingestion of seeds. |
| White Water Crowfoot | Ranunculus aquatilis | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Buttercup (Ranunculus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is protoanemonin, an irritant released when the plant is chewed or crushed; signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, oral ulcers, depression, anorexia and an unsteady gait. Keep pets and grazing animals away from this water buttercup. |
| Persian buttercup | Ranunculus asiaticus | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ranunculus (buttercup) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is ranunculin, converted to the irritant protoanemonin when tissue is chewed; the flowers contain the highest amount. Signs include hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, oral ulcers and an unsteady gait. Keep corms and cut stems away from pets. |
| Cloni ranunculus | Ranunculus asiaticus 'Cloni Success Arancio' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ranunculus (buttercup) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is ranunculin, which converts to the irritant protoanemonin when tissue is chewed; sap is most concentrated in flowers. Ingestion can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, oral ulcers and a wobbly gait. Keep corms and cut stems away from pets. |
| Elegance White ranunculus | Ranunculus asiaticus 'Elegance Bianco' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ranunculus (buttercup) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is ranunculin, which becomes the irritant protoanemonin when tissue is chewed; flowers carry the most. Signs include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, oral ulcers and an unsteady gait. Keep corms and cut blooms out of reach of pets. |
| Mache ranunculus | Ranunculus asiaticus 'Mache' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ranunculus (buttercup) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is ranunculin, which converts to the irritant protoanemonin on chewing; the flowers hold the most. Ingestion causes hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, oral ulcers and a wobbly gait. Keep corms and cut stems away from pets. |
| red raspberry | Rubus idaeus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Raspberry plants are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Fruit is safe for pets in moderation. |
| Autumn Bliss raspberry | Rubus idaeus 'Autumn Bliss' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Rubus is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. The fruit and foliage pose no poisoning risk, though a dog gorging on leaves or canes may get a mild fibre-related stomach upset. |
| Heritage raspberry | Rubus idaeus 'Heritage' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Rubus (raspberry/blackberry) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. Berries and foliage are not poisonous, though large amounts of leaves or stems may cause mild stomach upset from fibre. |
| Raspberry Splash lungwort | Pulmonaria 'Raspberry Splash' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; Pulmonaria contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and saponins (classes the ASPCA flags as toxic) and bristly trichomes may irritate skin. Treat with caution and verify with a vet — do not assume pet-safe. |
| Rat Tail Cactus | Aporocactus flagelliformis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aporocactus flagelliformis (family Cactaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and contains no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. However, the fine, hair-like bristle spines can easily lodge in skin or mucous membranes, causing irritation if a pet chews the stems. |
| Rat tail cactus | Disocactus flagelliformis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Disocactus flagelliformis is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Disocactus species is listed — the non-toxic cacti ASPCA does name (e.g. mistletoe cactus Rhipsalis, old man cactus Cephalocereus, Christmas cactus Schlumbergera) are different genera, so safety cannot be assumed; verify with your vet before allowing pet access. Regardless of ingestion risk, the fine bristly spines are a physical hazard to curious pets, so keep this cactus out of reach. |
| rattail radish | Raphanus sativus var. caudatus | edible | Mildly toxic | Raphanus sativus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Radish foliage and pods contain glucosinolates/isothiocyanates that can cause gastrointestinal upset, gas and drooling in cats and dogs if eaten in quantity. Not confirmed safe — treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Rattlesnake fern | Botrychium virginianum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Botrychium virginianum is not listed individually in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no specific toxic principles have been documented in peer-reviewed veterinary literature. Given the absence of confirmed safety data, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Consult a vet promptly if ingestion by a pet is suspected. |
| rattlesnake master | Eryngium yuccifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium yuccifolium is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No specific toxic principle is documented for the plant, but the spiny leaf margins can cause mechanical injury and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so keep curious pets away. |
| Rattlesnake plant | Goeppertia insignis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (family Marantaceae) as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Cats and Horses, and prayer-plant relatives contain no calcium oxalates or other recognised toxins. It is one of the safer choices for homes with curious pets. As with any houseplant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset simply from indigestible plant matter. |
| Rattlesnake Plant | Goeppertia lancifolia (syn. Calathea lancifolia, Calathea insignis, Goeppertia insignis) | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Calathea lancifolia (scientific name Calathea insignis, family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As with any non-toxic houseplant, nibbling can still cause mild, temporary stomach upset such as vomiting in some pets. |
| rattlesnake plant | Calathea lancifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (aspca.org). Calathea genus presents no known toxic principles. |
| rattlesnake calathea | Goeppertia lancifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Prayer plants in the Calathea/Goeppertia group are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the rattlesnake/Calathea type carries no toxic principle). It is a safe choice for pet households, though eating a lot of foliage may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Rattlesnake pole bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Rattlesnake' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Raw pods, dried seeds and foliage of Phaseolus vulgaris contain lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) that can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in pets if eaten uncooked; thoroughly cooked beans are far less of a concern. Treat raw plant material with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Rauwolff's Eminium | Eminium rauwolffii | flowering | Toxic | Member of the Araceae family; Eminium species contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides consistent with the broader aroid family. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus shares the same toxic mechanism as Arum and related aroids. Treat as toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, and gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Raven ZZ Plant | Zamioculcas zamiifolia 'Raven' | houseplant | Toxic | Zamioculcas zamiifolia and all its cultivars, including 'Raven', contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout the plant. The ASPCA lists ZZ plant as toxic to cats and dogs, causing oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if ingested. Keep out of reach of pets and children. Wash hands after handling. |
| silver majesty palm | Ravenea glauca | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Majesty Palm (Ravenea, exemplified by Ravenea rivularis) as non-toxic, so this same-genus species is considered pet-safe. As always, eating large amounts of fibrous frond material may cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset, but no poisoning is expected. |
| ravenna grass | Saccharum ravennae | flowering | Mildly toxic | Saccharum ravennae is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a definitive non-toxic status cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. The main documented hazard is mechanical: the sharp-edged blades and barbed flower awns can cut skin and lodge in a pet's mouth, eyes or paws. |
| Rayed broom | Genista radiata | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Genista as toxic to cats and dogs. Genista radiata is a leguminous broom and, in common with other Genista and Cytisus species, is presumed to contain quinolizidine alkaloids such as cytisine and sparteine. Related broom species are documented to cause vomiting, weakness, and cardiac disturbances in dogs and cats. As this species is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, it is prudent to classify it as mildly toxic and prevent pets from consuming foliage or seed pods. |
| Rayed Tansy | Tanacetum macrophyllum | herb | Mildly toxic | Tanacetum macrophyllum is not individually listed by the ASPCA but is a member of the Tanacetum genus, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic to dogs and cats. Tanacetum species contain sesquiterpene lactones and may contain thujone-related compounds (common in Tanacetum/tansy relatives), which can cause gastrointestinal upset and, in large quantities, more serious effects. Treat as mildly toxic to pets. |
| Krainz's Crown Cactus | Rebutia krainziana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Rebutia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status for cats and dogs is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The greater practical hazard is mechanical — the spines can injure mouths, paws and eyes, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| Rechinger's Rosularia | Rosularia rechingeri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia rechingeri is in the Crassulaceae family and is closely related to Sedum and Sempervivum, which are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic. Rosularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic principles have been identified for any Rosularia species; considered safe around pets. |
| Recurved Leucothoe | Leucothoe recurva | flowering | Toxic | Leucothoe sp. are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is grayanotoxins, causing hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, bradycardia, cardiovascular collapse, coma, and potentially death in affected animals. |
| Red aloe | Aloe cameronii | houseplant | Toxic | Aloe is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinones; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Red amaranth | Amaranthus cruentus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Amaranthus cruentus leaves are edible and widely consumed by humans. However, the ASPCA lists Amaranthus retroflexus (pigweed, a closely related species) as toxic to cats and dogs (causes tremors, nephrotoxicity). Out of caution, Amaranthus cruentus should be kept away from pets; the full safety profile for this specific species is not individually confirmed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. |
| Red Angel's Trumpet | Brugmansia sanguinea | flowering | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC. All parts of Brugmansia sanguinea contain tropane alkaloids — scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine — which are dangerously toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. ASPCA lists Brugmansia species as toxic. Symptoms of ingestion include rapid heart rate, disorientation, seizures, and respiratory failure. Handle with gloves; wash hands thoroughly after contact. |
| red arrow arrowhead vine | Syngonium erythrophyllum | houseplant | Toxic | Syngonium species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral pain, drooling, pawing at mouth, and vomiting. S. erythrophyllum carries the same toxicity profile. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Red banana | Musa acuminata 'Red Dacca' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Musa, Musaceae). The fruit and leaves are not poisonous; only mild gastrointestinal upset is possible from eating large quantities of foliage. |
| Red Baneberry | Actaea rubra | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Actaea rubra are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. The berries contain glycosides and other compounds that cause severe gastroenteritis, cardiac effects, and in large doses can be fatal. The ASPCA lists Actaea (baneberry) as toxic to both dogs and cats. Children are particularly at risk due to the attractive appearance of the berries. Do not grow where unsupervised access is possible. |
| Red Barrenwort | Epimedium x rubrum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium x rubrum is not individually listed by ASPCA. Epimedium species contain icariin and related flavonoids; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Not associated with severe toxicity, but keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Red Beauty Japanese Painted Fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Red Beauty' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium ferns are true ferns (family Athyriaceae) and are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No known toxic principles. Safe for households with pets. |
| Red Bee Balm | Monarda russeliana | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Monarda russeliana is not listed individually by the ASPCA, but Monarda species as a genus have no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. The plant is considered safe in the landscape. |
| red cabbage | Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra 'Red Drumhead' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and cabbage is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Being a brassica, it contains thiocyanates, so large or frequent servings can cause gas, bloating and digestive upset, and rarely thyroid effects; give only small, occasional, preferably cooked amounts. |
| Red Campion | Silene dioica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. The plant contains saponins, which are poorly absorbed but can cause mild vomiting, diarrhoea, or stomach upset if eaten in large quantities by cats or dogs. Listed as potentially harmful to livestock. Apply precautionary mildly-toxic classification. |
| red chokeberry | Aronia arbutifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | Aronia (chokeberry) is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like related chokeberries, the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so large amounts of raw crushed fruit or chewed plant material could cause gastrointestinal upset. It is botanically distinct from the ASPCA-listed toxic 'Choke Cherry' (Prunus virginiana). |
| Red Clockvine | Thunbergia coccinea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Thunbergia coccinea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Acanthaceae family has no confirmed high-toxicity principle, but the species lacks individual ASPCA review. Treat as potentially irritating to pets if ingested and consult a vet if consumption occurs. |
| Red Creeping Thyme | Thymus serpyllum 'Coccineus' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Thymus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The whole plant in garden quantities is safe. Note: concentrated thyme essential oil is separately classified as harmful — the fresh or dried plant does not pose this risk. |
| Red crowberry | Empetrum rubrum | edible | Mildly toxic | Empetrum rubrum berries are traditionally eaten by humans and wildlife. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA. Related Empetrum species have no confirmed toxic principle for dogs or cats, but large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Caution is advised until formal classification is available. |
| Red currant | Ribes rubrum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes rubrum (red currant) berries and foliage are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The fruit is widely consumed by humans and wildlife without reported toxicity to dogs or cats. |
| Red Dragon Venus flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Akai Ryu' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Pets that chew on the plant may experience very mild gastrointestinal upset from the fibrous material, but no toxic compounds are present. |
| Red Elderberry | Sambucus racemosa | edible | Mildly toxic | Sambucus is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Sambucus racemosa berries are more toxic than those of S. nigra when raw, and the leaves, bark, and roots contain cyanogenic glycosides and sambunigrin. Raw red elderberries can cause significant nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea in both humans and pets. Berries must be cooked before any human consumption; keep all raw plant material away from pets and children. Even ripe, red elderberries require processing — do not consume raw. |
| red escallonia | Escallonia rubra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Escallonia rubra is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to pets. The genus has no well-documented severe toxic principle, but as with many ornamental shrubs, ingestion of large amounts of foliage or berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs or cats. Treat as mildly toxic as a precautionary measure pending definitive safety data. |
| Red Feather Clover | Trifolium rubens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trifolium rubens has no documented toxic principles for cats or dogs. The genus Trifolium is generally considered non-toxic to companion animals; white clover (T. repens) is confirmed ASPCA non-toxic. As always, ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Red fescue | Festuca rubra | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca rubra is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic plant; lawn fescues in the Poaceae family are broadly recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Red Fir | Abies magnifica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies magnifica is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True firs are not known to contain toxic principles harmful to dogs or cats. Needle ingestion may cause mild mechanical irritation to the gastrointestinal tract but no systemic toxicity is expected. |
| red nerve plant | Fittonia albivenis 'Verschaffeltii' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Fittonia (nerve plant) contains no known toxic principle; large nibbles may cause minor stomach upset simply from fibrous plant matter, but it poses no poisoning risk. |
| Red Frangipani | Plumeria rubra | tropical | Mildly toxic | Plumeria rubra belongs to the Apocynaceae family. The milky latex sap contains iridoid and terpenoid compounds that act as mild irritants. Ingestion can cause vomiting, drooling, and diarrhoea in cats and dogs; symptoms are typically mild and self-limiting, but veterinary advice should be sought if a pet chews stems (where sap concentration is highest). Plumeria is not individually listed on the ASPCA database by name, but multiple veterinary sources classify it as mildly toxic given the Apocynaceae family's known irritant profile. |
| Red Ginger | Alpinia purpurata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Alpinia species belong to the family Zingiberaceae, which is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principle has been identified for Alpinia purpurata. The species is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but the broader ginger family has no reported pet toxicity. |
| Red Groove Peperomia | Peperomia ravula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Multiple Peperomia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; no toxic principles have been identified for this genus. |
| red head fountain grass | Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Red Head' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pennisetum alopecuroides cultivars are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus is not associated with any toxic principles in dogs or cats. Note: the foxtail-type seed heads of mature plants can physically injure pets if ingested or lodged in fur or ears — this is a mechanical hazard, not a toxicological one. |
| Red horned poppy | Glaucium corniculatum | flowering | Toxic | Glaucium corniculatum contains isoquinoline alkaloids (including aporphine- and protopine-type compounds) throughout all plant parts. Ingestion by cats or dogs can cause gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhoea), CNS depression, sedation, and ataxia. The orange-yellow latex irritates skin and mucous membranes on contact. Contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Red huckleberry | Vaccinium parvifolium | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vaccinium parvifolium is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Vaccinium has no reported toxic principles. Tart red berries are edible for humans; no toxicity risk to pets has been documented. |
| Red Inca Passionflower | Passiflora manicata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Passiflora genus is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principle has been identified in P. manicata; however, ingesting large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Red Indian Water Lily | Nymphaea rubra | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea rubra is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Nymphaea species are distinguished from the highly nephrotoxic true lilies (Lilium, Hemerocallis), and are generally considered low-risk to pets; however rhizomes contain steroidal alkaloids that may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution — keep pets from chewing rhizomes. |
| Red Iochroma | Iochroma fuchsioides | tropical | Toxic | Iochroma fuchsioides is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but belongs to Solanaceae (nightshade family), which contains toxic solanine-type and tropane alkaloids throughout all plant parts. Ingestion by dogs or cats may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive drooling, lethargy, and potentially serious neurological effects. Treat as toxic; keep well out of reach of pets and children. Contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Red Kiwi | Actinidia melanandra | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Actinidia melanandra is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Actinidia genus has no known toxic principle reported for dogs or cats. Actinidia arguta (closely related) is listed ASPCA non-toxic. The genus is considered low-risk, though unusual plant consumption should always be monitored. |
| Red Kohleria | Kohleria eriantha | tropical | Mildly toxic | Kohleria eriantha is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. While related Gesneriaceae genera (Saintpaulia, Episcia) are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, Kohleria has not been formally assessed. A precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied; contact a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Red Lady papaya | Carica papaya 'Red Lady' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Carica papaya (including the 'Red Lady' hybrid) is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so its pet status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ripe flesh is widely fed to dogs, but the seeds hold trace cyanogenic compounds and the milky unripe latex is a known irritant, so keep seeds, sap, and unripe fruit away from pets. |
| Red larkspur | Delphinium nudicaule | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Delphinium nudicaule contain diterpene alkaloids and are toxic if ingested by dogs, cats, humans, and livestock per ASPCA and USDA Poisonous Plant Research. Symptoms include muscular weakness, convulsions, and respiratory failure. Handle with gloves; keep away from pets and children. |
| Red Latan Palm | Latania lontaroides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Latania lontaroides is a true palm (Arecaceae) with no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus belongs to the same palm family as confirmed non-toxic genera. No toxic compounds have been documented for Latania species. |
| Red Margin Bamboo | Phyllostachys rubromarginata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys bamboos are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True bamboos (Poaceae family) have no reported toxic principle to cats, dogs, or horses. The genus is not individually cited by ASPCA but the family is considered non-toxic. |
| Hairy-Fruited Wickerware Cactus | Rhipsalis pilocarpa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Mistletoe Cactus, Rhipsalis). The soft-bristled, spineless stems present no chemical or meaningful mechanical hazard, making it a pet-friendly trailing choice. |
| Red Mombin | Spondias purpurea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spondias purpurea is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Anacardiaceae family includes some toxic members, but Spondias purpurea fruit is widely consumed by humans and animals with no reported systemic toxicity for companion animals documented in veterinary literature. No known toxic alkaloids or glycosides are present in the flesh. The hard seed pit remains a choking and obstruction hazard for pets. |
| Red morning glory | Ipomoea coccinea | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ipomoea species (morning glory) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Seeds contain indole alkaloids including lysergic acid compounds; ingestion causes vomiting and, in large quantities, hallucinations and incoordination. Considered a noxious weed in Arizona and Arkansas. |
| red mulberry | Morus rubra | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Mulberry Tree (Morus sp.) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with no toxic principle identified. As with all mulberries, unripe green berries and the milky sap can cause mild gastrointestinal upset; offer only fully ripe fruit, which is safe in moderation. |
| red nerve plant | Fittonia albivenis 'Red Star' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Fittonia is listed on the ASPCA non-toxic plant database and is considered safe for households with pets and children. No toxic principles have been identified in the genus. |
| Red Nerve Plant | Fittonia albivenis 'Red Star' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (listed as Nerve Plant / Fittonia verschaffeltii; all Fittonia albivenis cultivars share the same non-toxic classification). No harmful toxic principles have been identified. A genuinely safe houseplant for pet-owning households. |
| Ackermann's Orchid Cactus | Disocactus ackermannii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Disocactus and the orchid-cactus (epiphyllum-type) cacti are not on the ASPCA toxic list, and cacti are broadly ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported; the practical hazard is mechanical irritation from chewing spineless stems. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| red osier dogwood | Cornus sericea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cornus sericea is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The stems, leaves, and berries are not considered hazardous to companion animals, though consuming large quantities of any plant material may cause mild GI upset. |
| Campfire Crassula | Crassula capitella 'Campfire' | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Crassula is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, incoordination, and gastrointestinal upset. Keep out of reach of pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center if chewing is suspected. |
| Japanese Red Pine | Pinus densiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus densiflora is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Pine needles, bark and sap can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation if chewed or swallowed, so keep prunings and fallen needles away from pets. |
| red polka dot plant | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Red Splash' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hypoestes phyllostachya is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The red-leaved cultivars are equally safe. |
| Red Prayer Plant | Maranta leuconeura var. erythroneura | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Maranta as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Red ray switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Rotstrahlbusch' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Panicum virgatum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs. The plant is considered non-toxic; however, ingestion of large quantities of any grass can cause mild gastric upset. |
| Red Riding Hood Mandevilla | Mandevilla sanderi 'Red Riding Hood' | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Rouge d'Hiver lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. longifolia 'Rouge d'Hiver' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Safe to share in small washed amounts; large quantities may cause mild loose stools. Do not confuse it with wild bitter lettuce (Lactuca virosa). |
| red rooster sedge | Carex buchananii 'Red Rooster' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (sedge) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Grassy foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed in quantity. |
| Red Sails Lettuce | Lactuca sativa 'Red Sails' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lactuca sativa is non-toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA). The red pigmentation in 'Red Sails' comes from anthocyanins, which are harmless plant pigments with no toxic properties to pets. |
| Red Sentinel astilbe | Astilbe × arendsii 'Red Sentinel' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Astilbe is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it has no recognised toxic principle and is widely regarded as pet-safe; nibbling foliage may at most cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Red Sheep Laurel | Kalmia angustifolia f. rubra | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain grayanotoxins; the entire Kalmia genus is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The common name 'lambkill' reflects historical livestock deaths from grazing. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, cardiovascular arrhythmias, paralysis, and death in severe cases. |
| Purple Perilla | Perilla frutescens var. crispa 'Atropurpurea' | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (entry: Perilla mint, Perilla frutescens). Toxic principles are essential oils, including perilla ketone. Large ingestions cause vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats; the perilla ketones cause severe respiratory disease (atypical interstitial pneumonia) in horses and ruminants, so keep pets and livestock away. |
| Red Silk Cotton Tree | Bombax ceiba | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bombax ceiba (Malvaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. No significant toxic principles are formally documented for pets. However, as a precaution, keep pets away from fallen seeds and silky floss (a physical irritant if ingested in quantity). The trunk spines are a physical hazard. Treat as mildly toxic pending formal ASPCA assessment. |
| Red spider lily | Lycoris radiata | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA does not list Lycoris radiata under its own name, but it lists the genus's close amaryllis-family relatives (such as Amaryllis, daffodil/Narcissus and Clivia) as toxic because of the alkaloid lycorine — the same compound that fills every part of Lycoris radiata, with the highest concentration in the bulb. Pet Poison Helpline and NC State Extension confirm Lycoris is poisonous. Ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain; large doses can lead to tremors or convulsions. Note: the ASPCA's separate "Spider Lily" listing refers to a different genus (Hymenocallis), so do not assume it covers this plant. If a pet or child ingests any part, contact your vet, the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) or Pet Poison Helpline right away. |
| Red Spiral Ginger | Costus pulverulentus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus pulverulentus is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. Various indigenous groups use it medicinally for post-partum pain and fever, suggesting the presence of bioactive phytochemicals. As with other Costus species, saponins may cause gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic and consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Red Spruce | Picea rubens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Picea (spruce) species are not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. Picea sitchensis is explicitly listed as non-toxic. Needles can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if large quantities are ingested due to physical sharpness, not chemical toxicity. Considered pet-safe. |
| Red Star Cluster | Pentas lanceolata 'Butterfly Deep Red' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pentas lanceolata is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Mild self-limiting gastrointestinal upset (occasional drooling or brief vomiting) may occur if large quantities are consumed, but no toxic principles have been identified. |
| Red Stem Peperomia | Peperomia rubricaulis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA considers Peperomia species non-toxic to cats and dogs; Peperomia rubricaulis is not known to cause harm to humans or pets and carries no identified toxic principles. |
| Red Sister ti plant | Cordyline fruticosa 'Red Sister' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Cordyline (ti plant) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets and chewing children. |
| Red Tower Ginger | Costus barbatus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus barbatus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus contains steroidal saponins that can cause gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs if plant material is ingested. Rhizomes pose the greatest risk. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Red Trillium | Trillium erectum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium erectum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Like other Trillium species, it contains steroidal saponins, particularly in the berries and roots, which can cause gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by pets or humans. Historically the rhizome was used medicinally, but should not be considered safe for unsupervised pet access. |
| Tropea onion | Allium cepa 'Tropea' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies onion (Allium) as toxic to cats and dogs. Thiosulphates and disulphides in all parts cause oxidative damage to red blood cells and haemolytic anaemia; signs include vomiting, weakness, pale gums and red-tinged urine. Cats are particularly vulnerable. Keep bulbs and trimmings out of reach. |
| Redtwig Dogwood | Cornus sericea 'Farrow' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list any Cornus (dogwood) species as toxic and lists Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, so the genus including Cornus sericea is treated as non-toxic. ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The white berries are not considered poisonous, though eating many may cause mild stomach upset. |
| red valerian | Centranthus ruber | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is unconfirmed. It is widely regarded as low-risk and lacks the cardiac glycosides of true valerian, but without an ASPCA listing it is treated with caution; verify with a vet if a pet ingests a quantity. |
| Red Vygie | Drosanthemum speciosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosanthemum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family, including the ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic Lampranthus (ice plant) and Lithops, has no reported toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Red-bristled Dragon Orchid | Dracula erythrochaete | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Dracula erythrochaete is not individually listed, but no toxic compounds are known for this genus or family. |
| Red-fingered Vriesea | Vriesea erythrodactylon | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea belongs to Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA considers non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known for Vriesea erythrodactylon; this plant is safe in households with pets. |
| Red pitaya | Selenicereus costaricensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists pitaya / dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus, family Cactaceae — now placed in Selenicereus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this closely related red-fleshed pitaya is treated as pet-safe on that genus grounding. Eating the spiny stems may still cause mild mechanical or digestive irritation. |
| Red-fleshed Durian | Durio kutejensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Durio kutejensis is not listed by ASPCA. The Malvaceae/Bombacaceae family has no documented toxic principle for dogs or cats. The fleshy fruit aril is edible and non-toxic; however, the large woody seeds and spiny husks are physical hazards and should be kept away from pets. |
| Red-Leaved Spiral Ginger | Costus erythrophyllus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus erythrophyllus is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle is documented for this species, but pet safety cannot be assured; ingestion may cause GI irritation. Keep pets away and contact a vet if any plant material is consumed. |
| red-margined heliconia | Heliconia marginata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia marginata is not currently listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs. The genus belongs to the family Heliconiaceae and is not in any established toxic plant group; related genera (banana/Musa) are non-toxic. However, because explicit ASPCA clearance for this specific species is absent, classification is mildly-toxic as a precaution. Ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea). Consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Red-petal Lepanthes | Lepanthes rubripetala | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lepanthes belongs to Orchidaceae, which ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Lepanthes rubripetala is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principle is known for this genus. |
| Red-silk begonia | Begonia rufosericea | tropical | Toxic | All Begonia species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are soluble calcium oxalates concentrated in the tubers and roots; ingestion causes oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Red-stemmed Sensitive Fern | Onoclea sensibilis 'Rotstiel' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Onoclea sensibilis is reported in several horticultural toxicology references as mildly toxic to cats and dogs; all parts of the plant are considered potentially harmful and ingestion may cause gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting and diarrhoea. It does not appear on the ASPCA confirmed non-toxic list. Keep pets away from the plant. |
| Red-Topped Sage | Salvia viridis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Salvia viridis poses no toxicity risk to household pets. |
| red-twig dogwood | Cornus alba | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cornus alba is not individually listed by ASPCA. The berries are considered mildly toxic and may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested by dogs or cats. Not confirmed pet-safe; keep pets from eating the berries. |
| Bloody Dock | Rumex sanguineus | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Dock and Sorrel (Rumex) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, which includes Rumex sanguineus (bloody dock). The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; signs include salivation, tremors, and rarely kidney failure. Keep grazing pets away from the foliage. |
| Redbor kale | Brassica oleracea var. sabellica 'Redbor' | edible | Mildly toxic | Garden kale (Brassica oleracea) is not individually listed by the ASPCA and is generally non-toxic to dogs, but it contains N-propyl disulfide and thiocyanate/isothiocyanate compounds that can trigger Heinz-body hemolytic anemia in cats and GI irritation with repeated or large feeding. Treat as unsafe for cats in quantity and check with a vet before feeding. |
| Reddish Peperomia | Peperomia rufescens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists numerous Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. argyreia, P. caperata, P. prostata) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principle has been identified in the genus, and ingestion of plant material may at most cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Redvein Abutilon | Abutilon pictum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abutilon pictum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Mild gastrointestinal upset may occur if ingested in quantity. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if concerned. |
| redvein enkianthus | Enkianthus campanulatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Enkianthus campanulatus is in the family Ericaceae and contains grayanotoxins (also known as andromedotoxins), which are present across many ericaceous shrubs including Rhododendron and Pieris. These toxins are toxic to cats, dogs, and horses if plant material is ingested, potentially causing salivation, vomiting, low blood pressure, and cardiac issues. ASPCA does not individually list Enkianthus, but the family association warrants a toxic classification. Keep away from pets. |
| Redvein Enkianthus Red Bells | Enkianthus campanulatus 'Red Bells' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Enkianthus campanulatus is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and no confirmed toxic principle has been documented for the genus. However, it belongs to Ericaceae, a family that includes genuinely toxic genera (Rhododendron, Leucothoe, Pieris), and sufficient data to confirm safety is absent. Treat as mildly toxic: prevent cats and dogs from browsing foliage or flowers as a precaution. |
| Redwood Sorrel | Oxalis oregana | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Oxalis species (shamrock plants) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates. Clinical signs include salivation, vomiting, and in large ingestions, tremors and kidney effects. Leaves have traditional edible use for humans in small amounts (comparable oxalate content to spinach), but individuals with kidney stones, gout, or arthritis should avoid consumption. Keep away from pets. |
| Reed avocado | Persea americana 'Reed' | tropical | Toxic | Avocado (Persea americana) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic, with the toxic principle persin, and is specifically named toxic to horses (respiratory distress, heart failure, oedema). Persin causes GI upset in dogs and cats and is severe or fatal in birds, rabbits and ruminants. Keep all parts — leaves, fruit, skin, bark and pits — away from pets and livestock. |
| Reed Sweet-grass | Glyceria maxima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Glyceria maxima (sweet-grass) is a true grass (Poaceae) and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Grasses as a family contain no known toxic principles; young shoots are actively grazed by livestock and waterfowl. |
| Reed Sweetgrass | Glyceria maxima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Glyceria maxima is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, it is well-documented by veterinary and agricultural authorities (including CABI and UK/European livestock guidance) that wilted or frosted reed sweetgrass can contain cyanogenic glucosides capable of causing cyanide poisoning in cattle, horses, and sheep, particularly when grazed or consumed in quantity. Risk to cats and dogs is low but not fully excluded. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precaution; keep pets from grazing wilted or cut foliage. |
| Reed-stem orchid | Epidendrum spp. | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists the reed-stem orchid as the Fiery Reed Orchid (Epidendrum ibaguense, family Orchidaceae) and classifies it as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, stating "Toxic Principles: Non-toxic." Even so, fertiliser residue or any plant matter can cause mild stomach upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| Regal Anthurium | Anthurium regale | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium regale is not listed individually by the ASPCA, but the genus member it lists (Anthurium scherzeranum, "Flamingo/Tail Flower") is classified toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and all anthuriums are Araceae aroids containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing releases needle-like raphides that cause oral pain, burning, swelling of the mouth and tongue, drooling and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach and verify with your vet if ingested. |
| Regal elkhorn | Platycerium grande | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the staghorn/elkhorn fern genus Platycerium as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Platycerium bifurcatum and Platycerium alcicorne are both individually listed non-toxic). Non-toxic per ASPCA; ingesting large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Regel's Nidularium | Nidularium regelioides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Nidularium regelioides is not individually cited, but shares the family's absence of reported toxic principles. Spiny leaf margins may cause minor mechanical irritation if chewed. |
| Regel's sage | Salvia regeliana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds specific to Salvia regeliana have been documented. |
| Regent grape | Vitis 'Regent' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis) are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs; grapes and raisins can cause acute kidney failure in dogs even in small, unpredictable amounts, with vomiting, lethargy, and reduced urination as warning signs. Keep the fruit, prunings, and fallen berries away from dogs. |
| Regnell's Miltonia | Miltonia regnellii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miltonia regnellii is a member of Orchidaceae, a plant family the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This species is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are documented for the Miltonia genus. |
| Reichenbach's Air Plant | Tillandsia reichenbachii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Reichenbach's Masdevallia | Masdevallia reichenbachiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No known toxic principles exist in this genus. |
| Wart plant | Haworthiopsis reinwardtii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Haworthia/Haworthiopsis group is not on the ASPCA toxic plants list). Safe around pets, though ingestion of fibrous leaves may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Reitz's sinningia | Sinningia reitzii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The gesneriad family has no documented toxic principles. |
| Related Columnea | Columnea consanguinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Columnea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The red leaf pigments are structural rather than toxic; incidental ingestion is not considered dangerous. |
| Remote Air Plant | Tillandsia remota | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Hooker's remusatia | Remusatia hookeriana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a Remusatia (Araceae) species its tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the irritant principle the ASPCA cites across aroids. Chewing can cause oral pain, drooling and vomiting. Treat with caution, keep out of reach of pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| viviparous elephant ear | Remusatia vivipara | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Remusatia is a member of the Araceae (aroid) family and its tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the same irritant principle the ASPCA flags across aroids. Ingestion can cause oral burning, drooling and vomiting. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if chewing is suspected. |
| Renny Rose | Rosa 'Renny' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Thorns can still cause injury, and shop-bought roses may carry pesticide residues, so garden-grown plants are safest around pets. |
| Spreading English Yew | Taxus baccata 'Repandens' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Taxus (yew), including English yew, as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Taxine alkaloids in the needles, bark and seeds can cause tremors, breathing difficulty, seizures and fatal cardiac failure. Only the red aril is non-toxic. English yew is among the most poisonous garden plants — keep clippings and seeds well away from animals. |
| Antenna-bearing Restrepia | Restrepia antennifera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Restrepia is not among the ASPCA's listed toxic plants, and ornamental orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Chewing may still cause minor stomach upset from plant fibre, so it is best to keep pets from gnawing the foliage. |
| Elegant Restrepia | Restrepia elegans | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Restrepia is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants, and ornamental orchids are broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. As with any plant, nibbling may cause mild transient stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing. |
| Spotted Restrepia | Restrepia guttulata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Restrepia does not appear on the ASPCA's list of toxic plants, and ornamental orchids are broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known for the genus. Chewing foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset from fibre, so discourage pets from nibbling. |
| Restrepia-mimic Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis restrepia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and contains no known toxic principles. The family is broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Minor gastrointestinal upset from ingestion of fibrous plant material is possible in sensitive animals. |
| Restrepo's Chigua | Chigua restrepoi | tropical | Toxic | Chigua restrepoi belongs to the family Zamiaceae and, like all cycads, contains cycasin and related hepatotoxic compounds. All plant parts, especially seeds, are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans, causing vomiting, seizures, and potentially fatal liver failure. Not individually listed by ASPCA due to extreme rarity, but the full cycad family toxicity applies. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately after any suspected ingestion. |
| resurrection fern | Pleopeltis polypodioides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pleopeltis polypodioides is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no member of the Pleopeltis (or synonym Polypodium) genus is listed; the ASPCA's named non-toxic "true ferns" such as Boston, mother, and Japanese holly fern are all different genera, so we cannot confirm it as pet-safe from ASPCA data. Most growers report no toxicity, but because there is no authoritative listing, treat it as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before exposing pets. Do not confuse it with the false rose of Jericho (Selaginella lepidophylla), a different plant that can cause stomach upset in cats. |
| resurrection gesneriad | Haberlea rhodopensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Haberlea rhodopensis is a member of Gesneriaceae. No toxic principles are known for this genus, and the family as a whole is broadly considered non-toxic to pets by the ASPCA. The plant is reported non-toxic to humans, dogs, and cats, though Haberlea is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. |
| Resurrection Lily | Kaempferia galanga | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA (aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/kaempferia). The Zingiberaceae family has no documented toxic principle for companion animals. |
| Reticulate Pseuderanthemum | Pseuderanthemum reticulatum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pseuderanthemum reticulatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to the Acanthaceae family, which generally has low toxicity potential, but no specific safety data exists for this species. Out of caution, treat it as mildly toxic — keep away from cats, dogs, and children who may chew foliage. Contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Reunion Island begonia | Begonia salaziensis | tropical | Toxic | As a Begonia species it is toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA; soluble calcium oxalates (highest in tubers and roots) cause oral burning, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing upon ingestion. |
| Revolute Tromotriche | Tromotriche revoluta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Tromotriche is a stapeliad within Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae) and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Given the family's association with potentially toxic glycosides and alkaloids in other genera, treat with caution and keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Revolution hosta | Hosta 'Revolution' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Site away from pets that chew plants. |
| painted-leaf begonia | Begonia rex | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs due to soluble calcium oxalates. Most-toxic part is the underground rhizome. Symptoms include vomiting and mouth irritation. |
| rex begonia | Begonia rex-cultorum | houseplant | Toxic | Begonia is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rex Begonia has its own ASPCA entry). The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground rhizome. Signs include intense mouth burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets that chew foliage, and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Rex Spider Orchid | Brassia 'Rex' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassia 'Rex' is a hybrid within Orchidaceae. Orchids as a family have no known toxic principles, and the ASPCA lists numerous orchid genera as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Brassia is not individually cited by the ASPCA, but neither parent species (B. verrucosa, B. gireoudiana) has any documented toxic compound. Ingesting plant material may cause mild GI upset. |
| Beccari's rhaphidophora | Rhaphidophora beccarii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Rhaphidophora as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes burning of the mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Shingle plant | Rhaphidophora cryptantha | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA does not list this species by name, but Rhaphidophora is an aroid genus containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals like related toxic aroids; chewing causes oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs and keep away from pets. |
| Dragon's Tail | Rhaphidophora decursiva | tropical | Toxic | Rhaphidophora decursiva is not individually named on the ASPCA toxic plant list, but it is an aroid (family Araceae) containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals — the same mechanism the ASPCA documents for closely related listed aroids such as Monstera, Pothos/Epipremnum, and Philodendron. Chewing can cause oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in cats and dogs. Treat as toxic, keep away from pets, and verify with your vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Foraminifera rhaphidophora | Rhaphidophora foraminifera | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA does not list this species individually, but Rhaphidophora is an aroid genus containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals like related toxic aroids; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling and vomiting. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs and keep away from pets. |
| Hong Kong rhaphidophora | Rhaphidophora hongkongensis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Rhaphidophora as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense mouth and lip burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Shingle Plant | Rhaphidophora korthalsii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies aroid genera in the Araceae, including Rhaphidophora, as toxic; all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Chewing causes oral pain, swelling, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing, and the sap can irritate skin. |
| Lobb's rhaphidophora | Rhaphidophora lobbii | houseplant | Toxic | As a Rhaphidophora aroid, this plant is in the same family as Monstera and Philodendron, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats and dogs because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Oblong rhaphidophora | Rhaphidophora oblongata | houseplant | Toxic | Rhaphidophora is an aroid in the Araceae family; like its relatives it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and should be treated as toxic to cats and dogs (consistent with ASPCA toxic aroids such as Monstera and Pothos). Chewing causes oral pain, drooling and vomiting. Keep away from pets. |
| Thick-leaf rhaphidophora | Rhaphidophora pachyphylla | houseplant | Toxic | Rhaphidophora belongs to the aroid family alongside Monstera and Philodendron, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing the thick leaves causes oral and tongue irritation, intense drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat as toxic and keep away from pets and children. |
| Pertusa rhaphidophora | Rhaphidophora pertusa | houseplant | Toxic | Rhaphidophora is an aroid in the same family as Monstera and Philodendron. The ASPCA classifies these aroids as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, mouth and tongue irritation, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Forest rhaphidophora | Rhaphidophora sylvicola | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Rhaphidophora as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral and lip irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Mini Monstera | Rhaphidophora tetrasperma | tropical | Toxic | Rhaphidophora tetrasperma is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and no member of the genus Rhaphidophora appears there, so the genus is not a verified-safe ("clean") one. As an aroid (family Araceae), its sap contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; NC State Extension confirms it is toxic to cats, dogs and humans if ingested, causing mouth and throat irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children, and verify with your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Variegated mini monstera | Rhaphidophora tetrasperma 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Rhaphidophora is an aroid (Araceae) and, like the rest of the family, contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; it is not individually listed by the ASPCA but the ASPCA classes calcium-oxalate aroids as toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and mouth pain. Treat as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| finger lady palm | Rhapis multifida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the genus Rhapis (Lady Palm, Rhapis excelsa/flabelliformis) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and R. multifida shares this safe genus status. As with any plant, nibbling may cause minor stomach upset but it poses no poisoning risk. |
| Thai lady palm | Rhapis subtilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the genus Rhapis (Lady Palm) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and R. subtilis shares this safe genus status. No toxic principle is present; ingestion may at most cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rheingold Arborvitae | Thuja occidentalis 'Rheingold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja occidentalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and oil contain thujone, which in quantity can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in severe cases neurological signs in dogs and cats. Poisonings are uncommon, but prevent ingestion and monitor pets. |
| Broom's rhinephyllum | Rhinephyllum broomii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Rhinephyllum broomii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so we treat its status as uncertain and recommend confirming with a vet before trusting it around pets. Related listed Aizoaceae genera (Ice Plant/Lampranthus, Dinteranthus) are ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, but absence of a species-level listing means we do not label this plant pet-safe. |
| Easter cactus | Hatiora gaertneri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The Easter cactus is the closely related holiday-cactus group covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera) listing; like Schlumbergera it carries no toxic principle, though the fibrous stems may cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset if chewed. |
| Mistletoe Cactus | Rhipsalis cassutha | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (listed as Mistletoe Cactus, Rhipsalis cassutha). Note the ASPCA flags that the sap may cause mild dermatitis in some pets, and as with any plant, nibbling can cause minor stomach upset, but it is not poisonous. |
| cleopatra begonia | Begonia × 'Cleopatra' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The genus Begonia contains soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground/rhizome tissue; ingestion causes oral irritation, salivation, vomiting, and kidney failure in grazing animals. |
| Boursault rhododendron | Rhododendron catawbiense 'Boursault' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rhododendron spp.). All parts contain grayanotoxins, which disrupt nerve, skeletal-muscle, and cardiac function. Signs include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, low blood pressure, depression, and in severe cases collapse, coma, or death; even a few leaves can be serious. |
| Cunningham's White rhododendron | Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rhododendron spp.). All parts contain grayanotoxins, which disrupt nerve and muscle sodium channels and cardiac function. Ingestion may cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, depression and, in severe cases, collapse, coma, or death. |
| PJM rhododendron | Rhododendron 'PJM' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rhododendron spp.). All parts contain grayanotoxins, which interfere with sodium channels in nerve, skeletal-muscle, and cardiac tissue. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, hypotension, CNS depression and, in severe cases, collapse or death. |
| tricolor Moses in the cradle | Tradescantia spathacea 'Tricolor' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Tradescantia (which now includes the oyster plant, formerly Rhoeo) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The sap causes dermatitis and, if chewed, oral and gastrointestinal irritation — drooling, mouth pain, vomiting and red, itchy skin. The sap can also irritate human skin; wear gloves and keep away from pets. |
| Rhombus-leaf peperomia | Peperomia rhombea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia species (family Piperaceae) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified. Ingestion of this plant is not expected to cause any poisoning; however, eating a large quantity of plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset from bulk fibre in sensitive animals. |
| garden rhubarb | Rheum rhabarbarum | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Rheum species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves contain oxalic acid and anthraquinone glycosides causing tremors, vomiting, and kidney damage. Stalks are safe for people; never feed pets. |
| Pastoral Innocence Cattleya Alliance | Rhyncholaeliocattleya 'Pastoral Innocence' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists multiple Cattleya species — including Cattleya trianaei (Winter Cattleya), C. forbesii (Cocktail Orchid) and C. mossiae (Easter Cattleya) — as non-toxic, and Rhyncholaelia (Brassavola-related) and Cattleya-alliance hybrids carry no documented toxic principle. Ingesting plant material may still cause mild, transient stomach upset; rinse chemical residues from new plants. |
| Foxtail Orchid | Rhynchostylis gigantea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rhynchostylis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the ASPCA has no general orchid-family safety entry. The orchid genera the ASPCA does list (such as Phalaenopsis and Cattleya) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, but Rhynchostylis gigantea is unconfirmed; treat with caution, keep away from pets, and check with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Foxtail Orchid | Rhynchostylis retusa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rhynchostylis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the ASPCA provides no blanket orchid-family entry. The orchid genera the ASPCA does list (Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Bulbophyllum) are non-toxic to cats and dogs, but Rhynchostylis retusa is unconfirmed; treat with caution, keep out of pets' reach, and verify with a vet before assuming safety. |
| Ribbed Melilot | Melilotus officinalis | herb | Mildly toxic | Contains coumarin which, when the plant is mouldy or improperly dried, is converted by fungi (Penicillium, Aspergillus spp.) to dicoumarol — a potent anticoagulant that can cause haemorrhage. Primarily documented in cattle and horses; not specifically listed on the ASPCA dog/cat toxic plant list but the anticoagulant risk makes it mildly toxic for pets. Fresh green plant poses lower risk than mouldy material. |
| ribbon bush | Hypoestes aristata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hypoestes aristata is in the same genus (Acanthaceae family) as H. phyllostachya, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic. H. aristata is not individually ASPCA-listed, but the genus has no reported toxic principles in animals. Exercise standard caution. |
| ribbon grass | Phalaris arundinacea 'Picta' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phalaris arundinacea is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The species contains tryptamine and gramine alkaloids that cause 'Phalaris staggers' and selenium toxicity in grazing livestock; while household pets are unlikely to eat enough to be poisoned, ingestion of large amounts is best avoided and any signs of distress checked with a vet. |
| Riberry | Syzygium luehmannii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Riberry fruits are native Australian bush tucker, widely consumed by humans and incorporated into commercial food products. No toxic principles are documented for Syzygium luehmannii (PFAF notes 'none known'). ASPCA does not individually list this species, but the Myrtaceae family contains no reported pet-toxic compounds in this genus. The fruits are safe for humans; contact a vet if a pet consumes large quantities of any plant material. |
| Ribes Lepanthes | Lepanthes ribes | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Lepanthes ribes is not individually cited by the ASPCA, but no toxic principle has been identified in the genus. |
| Ribwort Plantain | Plantago lanceolata | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Plantago lanceolata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Plantain species are generally considered safe and have a long history of use in herbal medicine for both humans and animals. No reported toxic principles for cats or dogs. |
| Ric rac cactus | Disocactus anguliger | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not individually list Disocactus (Epiphyllum) anguliger, but it does list its close congener, the Orchid Cactus (Epiphyllum oxypetalum), as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and no cactus in the family Cactaceae is on the ASPCA toxic list. On that basis the ric rac cactus is regarded as pet-safe and contains no known toxic compounds. As a sensible caveat, the stems carry small bristly spines along the notches and new growth, and chewing any houseplant can cause mild, transient stomach upset, so keep it out of reach of determined nibblers. |
| crystalwort | Riccia fluitans | tropical | Mildly toxic | Crystalwort (Riccia fluitans) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Riccia has no established ASPCA classification; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe for pets that may eat aquarium plants. |
| rice cutgrass | Leersia oryzoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Leersia oryzoides is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known in this species. However, the razor-sharp, backward-facing barbs on leaf margins can cause mechanical cuts to bare skin and irritation to the mouth and throat if a pet chews or ingests large amounts of foliage. |
| Richard's Shield Fern | Polystichum richardii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum richardii is a true fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. No toxic principles are known for this genus. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Polystichum and Dryopteridaceae ferns are broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Richard's thyme | Thymus richardii | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Thymus (thyme) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Thymus richardii shares no known toxic principles; as with all Thymus species, concentrated essential oils are a different matter and should not be applied to pets. |
| Ridge Gourd | Luffa acutangula | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Luffa acutangula is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The young fruits are widely eaten across South Asia and pose no known toxic risk to dogs or cats. As with all cucurbits, very bitter fruits may contain cucurbitacins; discard any bitter-tasting produce. |
| Ridged Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus trabeculatus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Streptocarpus spp. (Cape Primrose) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Ridley's Hohenbergia | Hohenbergia ridleyi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Family Bromeliaceae is classified as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Hohenbergia ridleyi is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, no toxic principles are known for the genus or family. |
| Ridley's wax plant | Hoya ridleyi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Hoya ridleyi follows genus-level safety; while ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild digestive upset, no toxic principles are present. |
| Ridleyandra | Ridleyandra sp. | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ridleyandra is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While many cultivated gesneriads (African violet, lipstick plant, Streptocarpus) are ASPCA non-toxic, this obscure genus has no specific ASPCA listing, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming pet-safe. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Elatior begonia | Begonia × hiemalis | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae, which includes B. × hiemalis) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, and the most toxic part is underground (tubers, rhizomes, and roots). Ingestion can cause vomiting and salivation in cats and dogs, and kidney failure in grazing animals; keep it away from pets and contact your vet if eaten. |
| Rigid Buckler Fern | Dryopteris submontana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris submontana is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a precaution consistent with unlisted Dryopteris species, treat as mildly-toxic: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs; consult a vet if a significant amount is consumed. |
| Rigid Draba | Draba rigida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Draba rigida (Brassicaceae) has no toxic compounds reported in veterinary or toxicological literature. The genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Safe around pets and children at typical garden-contact levels. |
| Rigid goldenrod | Solidago rigida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Solidago rigida is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. Common Solidago (goldenrod) species are considered non-toxic to pets; no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus that pose a risk to dogs or cats. Note that Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma spp., formerly Haplopappus spp.) is a distinct plant and unrelated to Solidago. |
| Ring Fern | Paesia scaberula | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Paesia scaberula is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles have been documented for this New Zealand genus, but the absence of an ASPCA safety listing means the plant cannot be confirmed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Classify as mildly-toxic and prevent pets from ingesting the fronds as a precaution. |
| Ringed begonia | Begonia annulata | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Begonia is listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Contains soluble calcium oxalates concentrated especially in the underground parts; ingestion causes vomiting, excessive salivation, and in grazing animals potential kidney failure. |
| Ringed sage | Salvia ringens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in Salvia ringens. |
| Rio Jaboticaba | Plinia trunciflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Plinia trunciflora is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Myrtaceae family has no documented toxic principle for this genus. Ripe fruit pulp is edible and widely consumed in Brazil. Large, hard seeds are a choking and obstruction risk for pets; prevent ingestion. Exercise caution with large amounts of unripe fruit. |
| Rise 'n' Shine | Rosa 'Rise 'n' Shine' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Thorns can still injure pets, and florist roses may carry chemical residues, so home-grown plants are the safest choice around animals. |
| river clog plant | Nematanthus fluminensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nematanthus fluminensis is a member of Gesneriaceae. The ASPCA lists goldfish plants in the Nematanthus genus as non-toxic to dogs and cats. N. fluminensis shares the same non-toxic family profile with no reported toxic compounds. |
| River Nile rex begonia | Begonia 'River Nile' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs due to soluble calcium oxalate crystals; the underground rhizome is the most toxic part. Symptoms include oral irritation, intense burning, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| river water crowfoot | Ranunculus fluitans | flowering | Toxic | Ranunculus fluitans belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) and contains protoanemonin, a toxic irritant. ASPCA lists Ranunculus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, oral ulcers, and in larger quantities, wobbly gait and depression. Wear gloves when handling — sap can cause skin irritation and contact dermatitis. |
| Deer Fern | Blechnum spicant | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Blechnum spicant is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Blechnum is not a confirmed ASPCA entry. Although most true ferns are regarded as non-toxic, we treat this species as uncertain: discourage pets from chewing it and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| rivieri voodoo lily | Amorphophallus rivieri | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA does not list this species individually, but it is an aroid (Araceae) and, like the ASPCA-listed relatives in this family, the tuber, stems and leaves contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing in cats and dogs. Treat as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Robert Chapman Heather | Calluna vulgaris 'Robert Chapman' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris and its cultivars, including 'Robert Chapman', are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxic principles affecting dogs or cats. |
| Robert Young Bamboo | Phyllostachys sulphurea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys sulphurea belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family and has no reported toxic principle to cats, dogs, or horses. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but true bamboos are broadly considered non-toxic. |
| Robin Hill serviceberry | Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Robin Hill' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amelanchier (serviceberry) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The berries are edible for humans and are consumed by birds and wildlife. No toxic principles reported for this genus in dogs or cats. |
| Frisia Locust | Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, horses, livestock and people. The bark, seeds, leaves and inner wood contain the toxalbumin lectins robin and robitin (plus the glycoside robinin); ingestion causes vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, weakness, dilated pupils, irregular heartbeat and shock. Flagged by Pet Poison Helpline; veterinary attention is needed if eaten. |
| Roborowsky's sage | Salvia roborowskii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in Salvia roborowskii. |
| German Red garlic | Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon 'German Red' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists garlic (Allium sativum) as toxic to cats and dogs, more potent than onion by weight. Thiosulphates trigger oxidative red-blood-cell damage and haemolytic anaemia; signs include vomiting, drooling, lethargy, pale gums and red urine. Keep cloves, bulbs and scapes away from pets. |
| Rochford holly fern | Cyrtomium falcatum 'Rochfordianum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a cultivar of Cyrtomium falcatum, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Holly fern / Japanese holly fern), it is considered pet-safe. No toxic principle; eating foliage may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Rochford's Holly Fern | Cyrtomium falcatum 'Rochfordianum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyrtomium falcatum is explicitly listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The cultivar 'Rochfordianum' shares the same species and no additional toxic compounds are introduced through cultivation selection. Safe for households with pets. |
| Rock Candytuft | Iberis saxatilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Iberis saxatilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other Brassicaceae family members, it has no well-documented toxic principle for dogs or cats. Generally considered non-toxic to pets at typical garden exposure. |
| Rock Cress | Aubrieta deltoidea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aubrieta is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. It has no known toxic principles reported in veterinary or medical literature and is widely considered safe for pets and humans in garden settings. |
| Rock Daffodil | Narcissus rupicola | flowering | Toxic | Contains lycorine and related alkaloids found in all Narcissus species. ASPCA lists the genus Narcissus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The bulb carries the highest alkaloid concentration, but all plant parts should be considered hazardous. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and potentially cardiac effects in pets. |
| Rock Hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis subsp. aristatus | herb | Mildly toxic | Hyssopus officinalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its essential oil is rich in pinocamphone, a ketone that can be neurotoxic in large doses, so prevent significant ingestion by pets. |
| Rock Jasmine | Androsace sarmentosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Androsace sarmentosa is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Androsace (family Primulaceae) has no documented toxic principles and is generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats based on family characteristics and available horticultural literature. |
| Rock Lily | Dendrobium speciosum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dendrobium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. |
| Rock Liveforever | Dudleya saxosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya belongs to Crassulaceae. Unlike jade-type Crassulaceae (Crassula, Kalanchoe), Dudleya species are not listed as toxic by ASPCA and share the safety profile of Sedum and Echeveria within the same family. No reported toxic principle; considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Rock polypody | Polypodium virginianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polypodium virginianum is not known to contain toxic compounds and is generally considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and humans; no adverse reports from the ASPCA or veterinary poison databases have been identified for this species. |
| Rock speedwell | Veronica fruticans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica (speedwell) species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Rock thyme | Thymus comptus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists thyme (Thymus species) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles identified; the garden plant is safe, though concentrated essential oil extracts should not be applied to pets. |
| Rocket candytuft | Iberis amara | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Iberis amara (Brassicaceae) has no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. The seeds contain glucosinolates (bitter compounds that give the plant its common name 'bitter candytuft'), but toxicity in pets has not been reported. ASPCA lists Iberis as non-toxic. Safe around pets. |
| Rocket Mixed snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Rocket Mixed' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antirrhinum majus is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. This applies to all named cultivars including 'Rocket Mixed'. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild, self-limiting GI upset. |
| Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine | Pinus aristata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Pine needles and resin can cause mild oral irritation, drooling and stomach upset if chewed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pseudotsuga menziesii is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No clinically significant toxic principles are documented for Douglas Fir; foliage and bark are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Rocky Mountain Juniper | Juniperus scopulorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus scopulorum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but junipers (Juniperus spp.) are recognised as minor-toxicity plants — ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea and gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs, and the genus includes the strongly irritant J. sabina. Treat as mildly toxic, keep prunings out of reach, and consult a vet if a pet eats it. |
| Rocky Mountain penstemon | Penstemon strictus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon strictus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No serious toxic principle has been documented for this species or genus. Mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if ingested. As with all non-confirmed-safe species, keep away from pets and children to be cautious. |
| Rocky Mountain Woodsia | Woodsia scopulina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Woodsia ferns are not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Rodent Tuber | Typhonium flagelliforme | tropical | Toxic | Typhonium flagelliforme contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides throughout all plant parts, consistent with the Araceae family. Ingestion causes severe oral burning, swelling, hypersalivation, and gastrointestinal irritation in dogs, cats, and people. Despite its use in traditional medicine (applied in processed forms), raw plant material is irritant and potentially toxic. Keep away from pets and children. |
| featherleaf rodgersia | Rodgersia pinnata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rodgersia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed. With no authoritative ASPCA classification for the genus, treat it as uncertain rather than safe; discourage pets from chewing the foliage and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Lance-leaved Rodriguezia | Rodriguezia lanceolata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rodriguezia lanceolata is not individually listed by the ASPCA. ASPCA-listed orchids such as Phalaenopsis are non-toxic to cats and dogs, but this genus is not confirmed on the ASPCA list, so treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| One-sided Rodriguezia | Rodriguezia secunda | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rodriguezia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the ASPCA maintains no blanket orchid-family entry. The orchid genera the ASPCA does list (Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Sophronitis) are classified non-toxic to cats and dogs, but Rodriguezia secunda is unconfirmed; treat with caution, keep out of pets' reach, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Roesl's Uncarina | Uncarina roeoesliana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Uncarina roeoesliana (family Pedaliaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No documented systemic toxin, but the hooked grapnel spines on mature fruit can cause mechanical injury to pet mouths and skin. Treat as mildly toxic and site out of reach of pets. |
| Roezl's Dragon Orchid | Dracula roezlii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dracula is an Orchidaceae genus. The ASPCA lists the Orchidaceae family as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Dracula is not individually cited by ASPCA but belongs to the same non-toxic family. As with all plants, ingestion may cause mild GI upset. |
| Rojo Congo | Philodendron 'Rojo Congo' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that, when chewed, cause intense oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and trouble swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Roland-Gosselin's Air Plant | Tillandsia roland-gosselinii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rolfe's Masdevallia | Masdevallia rolfeana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Masdevallia is individually listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This was verified in the ASPCA Poison Control database, which classifies the genus as safe. Ingestion of fibrous plant material may cause minor, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Roller Jovibarba | Jovibarba globifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Jovibarba globifera is in the Crassulaceae family. Jovibarba and Sempervivum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been identified for this genus; it is safe around pets. |
| Rollers Houseleek | Sempervivum globiferum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum globiferum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Sempervivum is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; it contains no known bufadienolide cardiac glycosides or other recognised toxic principles unlike its Crassulaceae relative Kalanchoe. The ASPCA 'Hens and Chickens' non-toxic entry refers to Echeveria elegans, but Sempervivum is considered safe. Large ingestion may cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Rolling Houseleek | Jovibarba globifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Jovibarba globifera is not individually assessed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Its close genus Sempervivum is ASPCA non-toxic, but without a confirmed direct listing for Jovibarba, classify as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. |
| Roma tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Roma' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the tomato plant as toxic to dogs and cats. The green parts (leaves, stems and unripe fruit) contain solanine and tomatine; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, weakness, dilated pupils and a slowed heart rate. Ripe fruit flesh is the only low-risk part. |
| Romaine Lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. longifolia | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lactuca sativa (lettuce, all varieties including romaine/cos) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. All parts are safe for pets and humans. |
| English Chamomile | Chamaemelum nobile | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (entry: Roman Chamomile, Chamaemelum nobile). Toxic principles include volatile oil, bisabolol, chamazulene, anthemic acid, and tannic acid. Signs include contact dermatitis, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, and allergic reactions; chronic exposure may cause bleeding tendencies. |
| Roman Wormwood | Artemisia pontica | herb | Mildly toxic | Artemisia pontica contains thujone and other volatile compounds and is classified in the same genus as tarragon (A. dracunculus), which ASPCA lists as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (essential oils; vomiting, diarrhea). A. pontica is not individually listed by ASPCA but should be treated as mildly toxic by genus association. The plant also has historic use as an absinthe ingredient, confirming potent biological activity. |
| Roosevelt Fern | Nephrolepis exaltata 'Rooseveltii' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nephrolepis exaltata (Boston fern) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. The 'Rooseveltii' cultivar shares the same safety profile. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in some pets. |
| Root Beer Plant | Piper auritum | herb | Mildly toxic | Piper auritum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The leaves contain safrole (up to 70% of leaf oil), a compound considered potentially hepatotoxic and carcinogenic in large quantities; traditional culinary use in small amounts is considered generally safe for humans. For pets, avoid ingestion — safrole may cause hepatic stress if consumed in quantity by cats or dogs. Do not allow pets to chew the foliage. |
| Rooting begonia | Begonia radicans | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia species (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, causing oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting; the underground portions of the plant carry the highest concentration, but all parts should be considered harmful. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Rosa Bianca eggplant | Solanum melongena 'Rosa Bianca' | edible | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classes the Solanum genus (nightshades) as toxic; the foliage, stems and unripe fruit of aubergine contain solanine-type glycoalkaloids. Signs of ingestion include hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy, with neurological effects at higher doses. Cooked ripe fruit is usually tolerated, but the plant itself should be kept out of reach. |
| hybrid tea | Rosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Roses are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The thorns are a mechanical hazard, but ingesting petals or leaves is not chemically harmful. |
| Rose apple | Syzygium jambos | tropical | Mildly toxic | Syzygium jambos is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit flesh is a long-established human food, but seeds and leaves of Syzygium species can contain trace cyanogenic and astringent compounds, so prevent pets from chewing seeds, leaves or bark. |
| Rose campion | Lychnis coronaria | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lychnis coronaria (also known as Silene coronaria) is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The Caryophyllaceae family has no major toxic principles. The plant contains saponins, which could cause mild gastrointestinal upset if large quantities are ingested, but it is not considered a poisonous plant. |
| Rose Geranium | Pelargonium graveolens | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium (Geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Geraniol and linalool are the principal toxins in P. graveolens. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and skin irritation; cats are most sensitive. Keep all parts away from pets. |
| Rose grape | Medinilla magnifica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Medinilla magnifica is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no member of the Medinilla genus appears there, so its pet safety is unconfirmed. Treat it as potentially mildly toxic, keep it out of reach of cats and dogs, and verify with your vet before allowing any pet access. |
| Rose Grass | Rhodohypoxis baurii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rhodohypoxis baurii is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to the family Hypoxidaceae, which has no widely reported toxic principle in the veterinary literature. However, because it is a small corm-forming plant not commonly assessed, caution is always appropriate — monitor pets for unusual reactions. |
| Rose of Jericho | Selaginella lepidophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Selaginella lepidophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists its relative Selaginella kraussiana (Club Moss / Krauss' Spikemoss) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and no Selaginella appears on the toxic list. It is generally regarded as pet-safe; as with any plant, large amounts may cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if a pet ingests it. |
| rose of Sharon | Hibiscus syriacus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hibiscus syriacus is considered mildly toxic. The ASPCA notes that rose of Sharon can cause vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea in dogs and cats if ingested. It is reported to cause more severe gastrointestinal effects in horses. Keep pets away from the plant and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Rose of Sharon | Hibiscus syriacus 'Oiseau Bleu' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (verified on the ASPCA 'Rose of Sharon' / Hibiscus syriacus listing). Despite occasional anecdotal reports of mild upset, the ASPCA classifies it non-toxic; only large ingestion may cause transient stomach upset. |
| White Rose of Sharon | Hibiscus syriacus 'Diana' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (confirmed on the ASPCA 'Rose of Sharon' / Hibiscus syriacus listing). It carries no recognised toxic principle; at worst, eating a large quantity may cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rose Pincushion | Mammillaria zeilmanniana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Rose Queen Barrenwort | Epimedium grandiflorum 'Rose Queen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium species are not individually listed by ASPCA, but they contain icariin and related flavonoids that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or humans. Exercise caution around cats and dogs. Not classified as severely toxic, but ingestion of large quantities is inadvisable. |
| Rose Queen barrenwort | Epimedium grandiflorum 'Rose Queen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Ingestion of any non-food plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| Rose-Painted Calathea | Calathea roseopicta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Goeppertia roseopicta is the current accepted name for Calathea roseopicta; NC State Extension also lists it as non-toxic to dogs and cats. It is considered pet-safe, though nibbling any houseplant can cause mild, non-toxic stomach upset. |
| Rose-painted Calathea | Goeppertia roseopicta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses; Goeppertia roseopicta is the current accepted name for Calathea roseopicta, and NC State Extension likewise lists it as non-toxic to dogs and cats. It is considered pet-safe, though nibbling any houseplant can cause mild, non-toxic stomach upset. |
| Rose Geranium | Pelargonium graveolens | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Geranium / Scented Geranium (Pelargonium species) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles are geraniol and linalool. Signs include vomiting, anorexia, depression and dermatitis, with cats most sensitive. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Rosebay Willowherb | Chamaenerion angustifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA Poison Control database (listed under the common name 'Fire Weed'). No toxic principles are identified. |
| roselle | Hibiscus sabdariffa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) is widely consumed by humans and is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The calyces, leaves, and flowers are used as food and beverage ingredients globally. As with any plant material, very large quantities may cause mild GI upset in pets; moderation applies. |
| common rosemary | Salvia rosmarinus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosemary is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Very large amounts can cause GI upset. |
| Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Fresh or dried herb is safe. Concentrated rosemary essential oil is NOT safe for pets — do not apply topically or diffuse around cats or dogs. |
| Rosemary-leaved rock rose | Cistus libanotis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus is not listed by the ASPCA as either toxic or explicitly non-toxic; no documented toxic principle is established for this species, but as confirmation of safety is absent, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Contact with the resinous foliage may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Roseraie de l'Hay | Rosa 'Roseraie de l'Hay' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Rosa). Petals and foliage contain no poisonous compounds; the practical hazard is scratching from the abundant prickles, not poisoning. |
| Rosette Petrocosmea | Petrocosmea rosettifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petrocosmea rosettifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Gesneriaceae family has no known toxic principles, and no toxic compounds have been reported in this genus. |
| Rosette Rock Jasmine | Androsace sempervivoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Androsace (Primulaceae) is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Primulaceae family contains species with saponins and irritant glycosides; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets that graze plants. |
| Rosinweed | Silphium integrifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Silphium integrifolium is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; the species produces a resinous latex but is not considered toxic to pets. |
| Rossica Major rowan | Sorbus aucuparia 'Rossica Major' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sorbus aucuparia var. edulis ('Rossica Major') is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The edulis group has milder-tasting berries with lower parasorbic acid levels than the wild species, but raw berries of all rowans can cause gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans if eaten in quantity. Berries are traditionally cooked before human consumption. Not considered seriously toxic but raw ingestion by pets should be discouraged. |
| Rough maidenhair | Adiantum hispidulum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Adiantum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database; many true ferns the ASPCA does list (Boston, mother, sword fern) are non-toxic, but maidenhair itself is not ASPCA-confirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rosy-Leaf Sage | Salvia involucrata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia involucrata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. Salvia species contain volatile essential oils (camphor, terpenoids) that can cause mild gastrointestinal signs in cats and dogs — drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea — if plant material is consumed in quantity; classified mildly-toxic by precaution until a species-level ASPCA confirmation of safety is available. |
| Rotala Hira | Rotala 'H'ra' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rotala is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either the toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as a submerged aquarium plant, ingestion by cats or dogs is unlikely in practice. |
| Indian toothcup | Rotala indica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rotala is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either the toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as a submerged aquarium plant, ingestion by cats or dogs is unlikely in practice. |
| giant red Rotala | Rotala macrandra | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rotala is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either the toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as a submerged aquarium plant, ingestion by cats or dogs is unlikely in practice. |
| Nanjenshan Rotala | Rotala nanjenshan | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rotala is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either the toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as a submerged aquarium plant, ingestion by cats or dogs is unlikely in practice. |
| roundleaf toothcup | Rotala rotundifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rotala is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either the toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as a submerged aquarium plant, ingestion by cats or dogs is unlikely in practice. |
| Wallich's Rotala | Rotala wallichii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Rotala is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either the toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as a submerged aquarium plant, ingestion by cats or dogs is unlikely in practice. |
| Roth's Air Plant | Tillandsia rothii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rothschild Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum rothschildianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Bulbophyllum is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Gold of Kinabalu Orchid | Paphiopedilum rothschildianum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Paphiopedilum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While Phalaenopsis is ASPCA non-toxic, slipper orchids (subfamily Cypripedioideae) carry documented sap contact allergens (quinones; cypripedin in related Cypripedium) capable of causing dermatitis. Treat as mildly toxic, keep away from chewing pets, handle with care, and confirm any ingestion with a vet. |
| red cloud switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Rotstrahlbusch' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Panicum virgatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note that switchgrass is recognised as hepatotoxic/photosensitising to grazing livestock (horses, sheep, goats), and the bristly seed awns can mechanically irritate a chewing pet's mouth or gut. |
| Cinderella pumpkin | Cucurbita maxima 'Rouge Vif d'Etampes' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pumpkins (Cucurbita) do not appear on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and plain cooked pumpkin flesh is commonly considered safe for cats and dogs. Serve only plain, unseasoned flesh; avoid pie filling with sugar, spices or xylitol. |
| Rough Bamboo | Dendrocalamus asper | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bamboo (Dendrocalamus genus) is not individually listed by ASPCA but bamboo foliage in general is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats; the genus has no known toxic principles. Young shoots require cooking before human consumption to neutralise natural cyanogenic glucosides, but the cooked shoots are safe and widely eaten. |
| rough blazing star | Liatris aspera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Liatris as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rough Chervil | Chaerophyllum temulum | flowering | Toxic | Chaerophyllum temulum contains toxic alkaloids and furanocoumarins. The plant causes gastrointestinal inflammation, drowsiness, vertigo, and cardiac weakness if ingested; the sap causes phototoxic skin irritation (contact dermatitis) on exposed skin in sunlight. It is toxic to livestock, people, and pets. It must not be confused with edible Anthriscus cerefolium (culinary chervil), which is ASPCA-listed non-toxic. Chaerophyllum temulum itself does not appear on the ASPCA database; it is classified as toxic based on documented veterinary and horticultural toxicity reports. |
| Rough Coelogyne | Coelogyne asperata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coelogyne is a member of Orchidaceae. Orchids as a family are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been identified in Coelogyne asperata. |
| Rough Columnea | Columnea strigosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea (Gesneriaceae, Goldfish Plant) is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs and Non-Toxic to Cats by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Rough coneflower | Rudbeckia grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rudbeckia species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; the genus is widely regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Rough Hawk's-beard | Crepis biennis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Crepis biennis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Members of the Crepis genus are not documented as toxic to cats or dogs; the plant is considered non-toxic, though consumption of large amounts of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Rough Hawkbit | Leontodon hispidus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Leontodon hispidus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is not documented as harmful to cats, dogs, or other companion animals in veterinary poison control literature; the plant is considered non-toxic. |
| Rough Marshmallow | Althaea hirsuta | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Althaea hirsuta is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other Althaea species, no toxic principles are known; the plant contains mucilaginous polysaccharides considered safe. Mild digestive upset is theoretically possible from large ingestion, but it is not regarded as a toxic plant for pets. |
| Rough Pellionia | Pellionia scabra | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists related Pellionia species (P. pulchra, P. daveauana) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Pellionia scabra belongs to the same genus and the Urticaceae family has no known toxic principle relevant to companion animals. No toxic alkaloids or irritants documented for this species. |
| Rough Sage | Salvia scabra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia scabra is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus Salvia as a whole (e.g. S. officinalis) is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA, but individual species data for S. scabra is absent, so a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Rough Spiral Ginger | Costus scaber | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus scaber is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. The plant has documented traditional medicinal uses including treatment of skin conditions and respiratory issues, suggesting the presence of bioactive compounds; saponins in the genus can cause gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic for pets. |
| Rough-Leaf Begonia | Begonia muricata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA identifies Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs due to soluble calcium oxalates concentrated especially in the roots and tubers. Ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Rough-leaved Cape Mallow | Anisodontea scabrosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Anisodontea scabrosa is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no toxic compounds have been documented in the genus, and horticultural sources generally regard it as non-harmful to pets, but the mildly-toxic classification is used here in the absence of a formal ASPCA non-toxic verification. |
| rough-shelled macadamia | Macadamia tetraphylla | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA does not list Macadamia tetraphylla individually, but macadamia nuts are recognised by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center as toxic to dogs. Ingestion causes weakness, vomiting, tremors, hyperthermia, and hind-limb ataxia within about 12 hours. Treat this species and its nuts as dog-toxic; clear fallen nuts and consult a vet on ingestion. |
| Round Cardamom | Amomum compactum | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other aromatic Zingiberaceae, the essential oils (including borneol and camphor compounds) in foliage and pods may cause gastrointestinal irritation — vomiting, diarrhoea, or drooling — if ingested by cats or dogs. Keep pods and foliage away from pets and consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Round Melon | Praecitrullus fistulosus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Praecitrullus fistulosus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus/family (Cucurbitaceae) has no reported toxic principle for dogs or cats, and the fruit is widely consumed as a vegetable by humans. As with all cucurbits, bitter fruits may contain cucurbitacins and should not be consumed. |
| round-leaf calathea | Calathea orbifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calathea is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (aspca.org). No toxic principles are associated with this genus. |
| Round-leaf Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus rotundifolius | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Streptocarpus spp. (Cape Primrose) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Round-Leaf Peperomia | Peperomia subrotundifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species (including trailing types such as P. prostata) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle has been identified in the genus. |
| Round-leaf Rosularia | Rosularia globulariifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia belongs to Crassulaceae but is closely allied to Sedum and Sempervivum, genera that are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic. Rosularia itself is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles have been documented for this genus. Based on the non-toxic status of its nearest relatives (Sedum, Sempervivum), it is considered pet-safe, though ingestion in quantity may cause mild gastric upset. |
| Round-leafed Stephania | Stephania rotunda | houseplant | Toxic | Stephania rotunda contains pharmacologically potent isoquinoline alkaloids (including l-tetrahydropalmatine and cepharanthine) used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical research. These alkaloids are toxic to animals and humans in uncontrolled doses. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but due to confirmed alkaloid toxicity, the plant should be kept away from pets and children. |
| Round-Leaved Rhoogeton | Rhoogeton cyclophyllum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rhoogeton is a member of Gesneriaceae, a family with no documented toxic principles in cats, dogs, or horses. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family is broadly recognised as non-toxic based on listings of related genera (Columnea, Episcia, Aeschynanthus). As with any plant, prevent ingestion. |
| Round-leaved sage | Salvia subrotunda | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; minor gastrointestinal upset is possible if large amounts are ingested but no serious toxic effects are expected. |
| Round-leaved Wintergreen | Pyrola rotundifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. The plant contains arbutin, which hydrolises in the body to hydroquinone — a compound that can be toxic in large doses. The foliage has a long history of traditional medicinal use, but contact with or ingestion of large quantities should be avoided. Keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Round-lobed Hepatica | Hepatica americana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains protoanemonin, an irritant compound common in the Ranunculaceae family. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA; treat as potentially irritant and keep away from pets and children. |
| Rounded Sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua 'Rotundiloba' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Liquidambar styraciflua fruits and leaves contain irritant compounds (including styracin and resin acids). ASPCA does not individually list this species, but ingestion of bark, leaves, or seed balls may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. The spiny gumballs are also a mechanical hazard. Use caution around dogs and cats. |
| Roundhead prairie clover | Dalea multiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dalea species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs; the genus is not associated with known toxic principles in companion animals. |
| Roundleaf Pickerelweed | Pontederia rotundifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed), the close relative in the same genus, is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by multiple veterinary and horticulture authorities, and P. rotundifolia is considered similarly safe. No toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. As with all plant material, large quantities may cause minor digestive upset. |
| Common sundew | Drosera rotundifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Drosera is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant has a long folk-medicine history and no serious toxic principle is documented, so ingestion likely causes at most mild gastrointestinal upset, but it is best kept away from pets that might chew it. |
| Rovada redcurrant | Ribes rubrum 'Rovada' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Currant (Ribes rubrum) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the edible redcurrants and foliage carry no reported toxic principle. (Note this is the true currant Ribes, not toxic ornamental 'currant' look-alikes.) |
| Rowallane quince | Chaenomeles x superba 'Rowallane' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As with all Chaenomeles, seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides and should not be consumed. Fruit pulp is edible when cooked. ASPCA does not individually list Chaenomeles; exercise caution with pets that chew bark or foliage. |
| rowan | Sorbus aucuparia | edible | Mildly toxic | Sorbus aucuparia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Raw berries contain parasorbic acid (a GI irritant causing vomiting and cramps until neutralised by cooking or freezing), and the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides. Foliage and raw fruit are best kept away from pets. |
| Rowlee's Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis rowleei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis rowleei is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are reported for Pleurothallis in the veterinary or botanical literature. Orchidaceae has no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. |
| Roxburgh's begonia | Begonia roxburghii | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia species (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates, causing oral irritation, excessive drooling, and vomiting. Underground plant parts carry the greatest concentration of oxalates, but all parts should be kept away from pets and children. |
| Roxburgh's Typhonium | Typhonium roxburghii | tropical | Toxic | Typhonium roxburghii is an Araceae aroid containing insoluble calcium oxalate raphides throughout all plant parts. Ingestion causes intense burning, oral swelling, and hypersalivation in dogs, cats, and people. The genus Typhonium follows the same toxicity profile as other Araceae aroids listed by the ASPCA. Keep well away from pets and children. |
| Royal Blue Aubrieta | Aubrieta 'Royal Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aubrieta belongs to Brassicaceae and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. Safe around dogs, cats, and children. |
| Flowering fern | Osmunda regalis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Osmunda regalis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. While most true ferns are non-toxic, this species is not specifically confirmed, so treat it as uncertain, keep it out of reach, and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Royal Flush Split Rock | Pleiospilos nelii 'Royal Flush' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleiospilos bolusii (a closely related species) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Pleiospilos nelii 'Royal Flush' is widely regarded as safe and no toxic compounds are documented in the genus. As always, ingestion of plant material may irritate sensitive animals' digestive systems. |
| Royal medlar | Mespilus germanica 'Royal' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mespilus germanica is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. The Rosaceae family genus has no well-documented toxic principle in the fruit flesh or foliage. As with all rosaceous plants, seeds contain trace cyanogenic compounds; prevent pets from chewing large quantities of seeds. |
| royal purple lilyturf | Liriope muscari 'Royal Purple' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (the species Liriope muscari is listed under the common name Turf Lily, family Asparagaceae). Eating large amounts of leaves or berries may cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, but the plant is not chemically poisonous. |
| Royal Star Magnolia | Magnolia stellata 'Royal Star' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Magnolia stellata ('Magnolia Bush' / Star Magnolia) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with the toxic principle recorded as 'None.' 'Royal Star' is a cultivar of Magnolia stellata and is directly covered by this ASPCA listing. Ingestion of flowers or leaves may cause mild, transient stomach upset in sensitive animals, but no toxic principle is present. |
| Royal Trumpet Vine | Distictis 'Rivers' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Distictis cultivars belong to Bignoniaceae. ASPCA does not specifically list Distictis 'Rivers'. The family lacks documented systemic toxins at the level of Solanaceae or Araceae, but mild sap irritation is plausible. Classified as mildly toxic out of caution; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| rubber tree | Ficus elastica | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ficus elastica as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to the milky latex sap, which irritates skin and digestive tracts. |
| Rubenza cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Rubenza' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The genus contains no known toxic principles. |
| red barrenwort | Epimedium × rubrum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Ingestion of any non-food plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| Ruby Cascade Peperomia | Peperomia 'Ruby Cascade' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia 'Ruby Cascade' is a hybrid not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs (e.g. Trailing Peperomia / Peperomia prostrata, Blunt Leaf Peperomia / P. obtusifolia, P. hederifolia) with no toxic members in the genus. It is widely regarded as pet-safe, but verify with your vet if your pet ingests any plant. |
| Trailing Ruby Peperomia | Peperomia 'Ruby Cascade' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ruby Cascade is a Peperomia and shares this safe status, so it poses no poisoning risk to pets, though it is always best to discourage nibbling of any houseplant. |
| Ruby chard | Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla 'Ruby Red' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beta vulgaris is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (the beet/chard/silverbeet species entry). Be aware that the leaves are high in soluble oxalic acid, so large raw amounts can cause GI upset and, over time, contribute to calcium-oxalate urinary stones in vulnerable animals. |
| Ruby Glow Peperomia | Peperomia graveolens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia graveolens is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Blunt Leaf Peperomia (P. obtusifolia), Peperomia hederifolia (P. griseoargentea) and Trailing Peperomia (P. prostrata) all as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Peperomia listed as toxic. It is therefore generally regarded as pet-safe; verify with your vet before relying on this, and note any plant can cause mild GI upset if eaten. |
| ruby glow peperomia | Peperomia graveolens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia graveolens is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The mild odour from bruised sap is not an indicator of toxicity; the plant is considered safe in pet-friendly households. |
| Ruby Necklace | Othonna capensis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Othonna capensis (syn. Crassothonna capensis) is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus has no ASPCA-listed members to confirm it is safe. Because it belongs to the same daisy tribe (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) as Senecio species such as string of pearls, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs, treat it as potentially mildly toxic, keep it out of reach of pets and children, and verify with your vet before assuming it is safe. Ingestion may cause mild stomach upset such as vomiting or drooling. |
| ruby ribbons switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Ruby Ribbons' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Panicum virgatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so it cannot be asserted as pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The species is hepatotoxic/photosensitising to grazing livestock, and stiff seed awns can mechanically irritate a chewing pet's mouth or gut. |
| Black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rudbeckia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Some sources note leaf and stem hairs plus sesquiterpene lactones may cause mild mouth or skin irritation and gastrointestinal upset if eaten. |
| Giant coneflower | Rudbeckia maxima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rudbeckia maxima is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so an authoritative pet-safe label cannot be confirmed. As with other Rudbeckia, the plant contains sesquiterpene lactones and can cause mild gastrointestinal upset or contact irritation if chewed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| rue | Ruta graveolens | herb | Toxic | Rue contains furanocoumarins and volatile oils and is widely reported toxic to dogs and cats, with ingestion causing vomiting, depression, drooling and weakness. The sap is also strongly phototoxic, raising blisters on skin exposed to sunlight in both pets and people. Although not on the ASPCA non-toxic list, multiple veterinary and horticultural sources class it as toxic, so keep it away from pets and handle with gloves. |
| Mexican petunia | Ruellia simplex | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ruellia simplex (Mexican petunia) is not clearly listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database and online sources conflict on its status, so pet-safety cannot be confirmed. Treat as uncertain: ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep away from cats and dogs and consult a vet if any is eaten. |
| Velvet ruellia | Ruellia devosiana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ruellia devosiana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not ASPCA-classified (sources disagree on Ruellia, reinforcing the uncertainty). Treat pet-safety as unconfirmed, keep out of reach of cats and dogs, and confirm with a vet rather than relying on unverified 'pet-safe' claims. |
| Monkey plant | Ruellia makoyana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ruellia makoyana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not ASPCA-classified (some non-authoritative sources disagree on Ruellia toxicity, which underlines the uncertainty). Treat its pet-safety as unconfirmed, keep away from cats and dogs, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Carunculata | Echeveria gibbiflora 'Carunculata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list), so this cultivar is regarded as pet-safe. Ingestion may still cause minor, transient digestive upset from the bulky leaf tissue. |
| Vanuatu Fan Palm | Licuala grandis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Licuala grandis is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the Licuala genus is not specifically classified, so it should be treated as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe; check with a vet before relying on it around pets. It is a true palm (Arecaceae), unrelated to the toxic sago palm/Cycas often confused with palms. |
| Rugosa rose | Rosa rugosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Rosa (rose) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Physical thorns pose a minor injury risk, and rose granule pesticides containing disulfoton are dangerous, but the plant tissue itself is considered non-toxic. |
| Running serviceberry | Amelanchier stolonifera | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amelanchier stolonifera is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic compounds harmful to dogs or cats. Berries are safe and commonly eaten by wildlife and people. |
| Running Tapestry Foamflower | Tiarella 'Running Tapestry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tiarella (Saxifragaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been reported for the genus. Multiple independent horticultural sources classify heartleaf foamflower as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Mild gastrointestinal upset could occur if large quantities are ingested. |
| heartleaf foamflower | Tiarella cordifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tiarella is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming safety. Its close relative and hybrid parent Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, which is reassuring but not a confirmed listing for foamflower itself. Watch for mild gastrointestinal upset if a pet chews the foliage. |
| lined ruschia | Ruschia lineolata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ruschia is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, and the genus is absent from the ASPCA non-toxic list, so pet-safety is unconfirmed. Mesemb foliage is generally high in soluble oxalates; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than labelling it pet-safe. |
| hooked ruschia | Ruschia uncinata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ruschia uncinata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus does not appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so pet-safety cannot be confirmed. Mesemb tissue is typically oxalate-rich; treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing cats or dogs near it. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Russian Arborvitae | Microbiota decussata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Microbiota decussata is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Cupressaceae, the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. No severe toxic principle has been documented. Treat with standard caution for ornamental conifers. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Russian Banana potato | Solanum tuberosum 'Russian Banana' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists potato (Solanum) as toxic to cats and dogs. The foliage, sprouts, green parts and any green-skinned tubers contain solanine, a glycoalkaloid causing vomiting, drooling, lethargy, weakness and slowed heart rate. Cooked ripe tubers are food, but the plant and raw green or sprouted tubers are unsafe for pets. |
| Russian comfrey | Symphytum x uplandicum | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like all Symphytum, Russian comfrey contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause liver damage if eaten by pets or livestock; signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and appetite loss. Do not treat as pet-safe. |
| Russian Comfrey | Symphytum uplandicum | herb | Toxic | Symphytum species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), notably echimidine and symphytine, which are hepatotoxic. ASPCA lists Symphytum (comfrey) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Internal use is contraindicated in humans in many countries due to liver toxicity risk. External (topical) use of root preparations is considered lower risk but discouraged on broken skin. Keep pets away from plants. |
| Russian olive | Elaeagnus angustifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Elaeagnus angustifolia is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA; the fruit is considered non-toxic and is consumed by wildlife and used in traditional food preparations across Central Asia. |
| Russian Tarragon | Artemisia dracunculus var. sativa | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Culinary use in small quantities is safe for people. |
| Russian tarragon | Artemisia dracunculoides | herb | Toxic | Artemisia. The ASPCA lists tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus, of which Russian tarragon is the same species complex) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principle is the plant's essential oils, causing mild vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep pets from grazing it and contact a vet if significant amounts are eaten. |
| Rustica Rubra magnolia | Magnolia × soulangeana 'Rustica Rubra' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Magnolia × soulangeana and its cultivars are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. 'Rustica Rubra', as a hybrid of M. × soulangeana, shares this safety profile. The flowers, leaves, and bark are not reported to cause toxicity in pets. Considered a pet-safe ornamental tree. |
| rusty foxglove | Digitalis ferruginea | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The ASPCA classifies foxglove (Digitalis) as toxic; all parts contain cardiac glycosides that disrupt heart function. Signs of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, irregular heart rate and rhythm, collapse and potentially death. Keep pets away and seek veterinary care immediately if any is eaten. |
| Rusty Peperomia | Peperomia rubiginosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principles are identified for the Peperomia genus, making this species safe in households with pets. |
| Rustyback Fern | Asplenium ceterach | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or oxalates have been identified in A. ceterach. Classified as non-toxic based on genus assessment consistent with ASPCA's non-toxic listing of other Asplenium species. |
| American Purple Top rutabaga | Brassica napus var. napobrassica 'American Purple Top' | edible | Mildly toxic | Rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant list. As a brassica, its foliage contains glucosinolates that can cause gastrointestinal upset and, in large amounts, may interfere with thyroid function in pets. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe status. |
| Laurentian rutabaga | Brassica napus var. napobrassica 'Laurentian' | edible | Mildly toxic | Rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant list. Like other brassicas, the foliage contains glucosinolates that can cause gastrointestinal upset and, eaten in large quantity, may affect thyroid function in pets. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Marian swede | Brassica napus var. napobrassica 'Marian' | edible | Mildly toxic | Swede/rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant list. Its brassica foliage contains glucosinolates that can cause gastrointestinal upset and, eaten in quantity, may affect thyroid function in pets. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Rutenberg's Pachypodium | Pachypodium rutenbergianum | tropical | Toxic | Member of family Apocynaceae, which contains toxic alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in the milky sap. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and cardiovascular effects in pets and humans. Pachypodium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; however, the Apocynaceae family — including Adenium obesum, Nerium oleander, and Plumeria — is well-established as toxic to cats and dogs. Apply equivalent caution and keep away from pets and children. |
| Ryegrass Air Plant | Tillandsia loliacea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion of leaves may occasionally cause mild gastrointestinal upset from physical irritation, but there are no known toxic compounds. |
| Rzedowski's Dioon | Dioon rzedowskii | tropical | Toxic | Dioon species (family Zamiaceae) contain cycasin and other toxic glycosides throughout all plant parts. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or humans causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms, acute liver failure, and neurological damage. Seeds are most toxic. ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic to pets. Any ingestion should be treated as a veterinary emergency. |
| Bermuda palmetto | Sabal bermudana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Sabal palmettos are true palms in the family Arecaceae, which the ASPCA does not classify as toxic, listing similar fan palms as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Considered pet-safe; sharp leaf-base teeth or stiff frond tips are a mechanical, not chemical, concern. |
| Rio Grande palmetto | Sabal mexicana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Sabal palmettos are true palms of the family Arecaceae, which the ASPCA does not classify as toxic, listing comparable fan and feather palms as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Considered pet-safe; the main practical hazard is the sharp leaf-base teeth on some forms. |
| Sabin's Strobilanthes | Strobilanthes sabinianus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. Strobilanthes sabinianus belongs to Acanthaceae, a family with no well-documented severely toxic principles. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. Keep away from pets as a precautionary measure. |
| Sabre-leaved hottentot fig | Carpobrotus acinaciformis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Carpobrotus acinaciformis is not listed by the ASPCA, and the closely related C. edulis is generally not considered highly toxic. However, the sap contains oxalic acid and irritant compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation in dogs and cats if ingested or contacted. Classify as mildly toxic and keep pets away from the plant as a precaution. |
| Sacahuista | Nolina microcarpa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nolina microcarpa is not individually listed by ASPCA for dogs or cats, and no curcin or calcium-oxalate toxins are reported in the genus. However, the foliage is documented to cause liver damage and rumen impaction in sheep and goats, and seeds caused neurological symptoms in rats and birds in toxicological studies. Keep away from grazing animals; treat as mildly toxic by caution until ASPCA formally evaluates the species. |
| amur silver grass | Miscanthus sacchariflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sacchariflorus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, and the genus Miscanthus has no specific ASPCA entry, so pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. The main practical hazard is mechanical, sharp-edged blades and seed awns causing physical irritation, rather than documented chemical toxicity. |
| Sacred Buddhist | Wrightia religiosa | tropical | Toxic | Wrightia religiosa belongs to the Apocynaceae family, which characteristically contains toxic alkaloids and/or cardiac glycosides in its sap and tissues. The plant is not individually listed by ASPCA, but due to its family membership and the presence of irritant milky latex, it should be treated as potentially toxic to dogs, cats, and children. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation. Avoid contact with the sap; wash hands after handling. Consult a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Sad Bromeliad | Neoregelia tristis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been identified in the Neoregelia genus or the Bromeliaceae family broadly. Neoregelia tristis is safe for pet households. |
| Saddle pitcher plant | Nepenthes ephippiata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes ephippiata is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no toxic principle dangerous to cats or dogs has been documented for this species. It is classified as mildly-toxic because insufficient safety data exist to confirm it as pet-safe; the digestive fluid inside pitchers could cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by a pet. |
| Saffron Air Plant | Tillandsia crocata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia (air plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are known; the plant is considered safe, though eating a large quantity of tough fibrous leaves could cause mechanical irritation. |
| Saffron Pepper | Piper crocatum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Piper crocatum is in the family Piperaceae. Ornamental Piper species are not individually listed by the ASPCA. Piper contains piperine and related alkaloids; ingestion of significant quantities may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets. Not considered severely toxic, but classified here as mildly toxic out of caution, consistent with ASPCA's treatment of the broader genus. |
| Sagae hosta | Hosta 'Sagae' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Keep this cultivar away from pets and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| common sage | Salvia officinalis | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Common garden sage is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs in typical garden quantities. Concentrated essential oil is a different matter and should be kept out of reach. |
| Sage-leaved rock rose | Cistus salviifolius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus salviifolius is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; it is not a member of any known systemically toxic plant genus. No toxic principles have been documented in published veterinary literature for Cistus species, but because it is not formally confirmed as non-toxic by ASPCA, 'mildly-toxic' is used as a precautionary classification. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Chinese sweet plum bonsai | Sageretia theezans | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Sageretia theezans is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be applied. It is unrelated to true plums (Prunus) and does not contain their cyanogenic compounds, but in the absence of an ASPCA listing it is best treated as uncertain. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if a pet eats it. |
| Broadleaf Arrowhead | Sagittaria latifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sagittaria latifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to pets. The cooked tubers are a documented human food, but the raw plant is acrid and there is a risk of confusion with toxic wetland look-alikes; treat with caution around pets and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| broadleaf arrowhead | Sagittaria platyphylla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sagittaria is not individually listed by the ASPCA and has no genus-level ASPCA ruling. The ASPCA name 'arrowhead' refers to Syngonium (an aroid), a different and toxic plant — do not confuse it with this Sagittaria. Status here is unconfirmed: treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Arrowhead | Sagittaria sagittifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sagittaria sagittifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to pets. Cultivated tubers are eaten in Asia after cooking, but the raw plant is acrid and not established as pet-safe; treat with caution around cats and dogs and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Dwarf Sagittaria | Sagittaria subulata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Sagittaria subulata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Sagittaria has no established ASPCA classification; hobbyist sources call it pet-safe but this lacks authoritative grounding. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before relying on it as non-toxic around cats, dogs, or fish-tank-grazing pets. |
| king sago | Cycas revoluta | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Cycas revoluta as severely toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Seeds are the most toxic part. Ingestion can cause vomiting, liver failure, and death; veterinary emergency. |
| Golden Sago Palm | Cycas revoluta 'Aurea' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed under Sago Palm/Cycads as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle cycasin causes vomiting, melena, jaundice, severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and acute liver failure; the seeds are the most poisonous part and up to about half of ingestion cases are fatal. Keep entirely out of reach of pets and children. |
| Saguaro | Carnegiea gigantea | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Carnegiea gigantea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The main practical hazard is mechanical: stiff spines can cause painful puncture wounds and mouth injuries to curious pets. Keep out of reach. |
| Sahuc's sun rose hybrid | × Halimiocistus sahucii | flowering | Mildly toxic | No ASPCA listing found for this bigeneric hybrid. The Cistus and Halimium parent genera are not documented as significantly toxic, but because no authoritative pet-safety clearance exists for this hybrid, it should be treated as mildly toxic as a precaution. Contact with the sticky resin may cause mild skin irritation. |
| Buckeye Fanfare African violet | Saintpaulia 'Buckeye Fanfare' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia) are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. 'Buckeye Fanfare' is a Saintpaulia cultivar and is considered pet-safe, though pets should still be discouraged from chewing the leaves. |
| Jolly Ellie African violet | Saintpaulia 'Jolly Ellie' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. 'Jolly Ellie' is a Saintpaulia cultivar and is regarded as pet-safe, though chewing of foliage by pets should still be discouraged. |
| Mac's Black Pearl African violet | Saintpaulia 'Mac's Black Pearl' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the African violet (Saintpaulia spp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; this cultivar shares that status. Ingestion may cause mild, transient stomach upset at most. Note that systemic insecticides or fertiliser residues on a plant can themselves harm pets. |
| Ness' Dipity African violet | Saintpaulia 'Ness' Dipity' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia) are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. 'Ness' Dipity' is a Saintpaulia cultivar and is considered pet-safe, though pets should still be discouraged from chewing the leaves. |
| Optimara Montana African violet | Saintpaulia 'Optimara Montana' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. 'Optimara Montana' is a Saintpaulia cultivar and is regarded as pet-safe, though pets should still be discouraged from chewing the foliage. |
| Powderpuff African violet | Saintpaulia 'Powderpuff' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. 'Powderpuff' is a Saintpaulia cultivar and is regarded as pet-safe, though pets should still be discouraged from chewing the foliage. |
| Rob's Boolaroo African violet | Saintpaulia 'Rob's Boolaroo' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. 'Rob's Boolaroo' is a Saintpaulia cultivar and is considered pet-safe, though it is still best to discourage pets from chewing the foliage. |
| Winter Lace African violet | Saintpaulia 'Winter Lace' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia) are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. 'Winter Lace' is a Saintpaulia cultivar and is considered pet-safe, though pets should still be discouraged from chewing the leaves. |
| Sakhalin Fir | Abies sachalinensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies sachalinensis is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Abies (true fir) genus has no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Needle and resin consumption in quantity may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Garden Burnet | Sanguisorba minor | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Salad Burnet, Sanguisorba/Poterium sanguisorba, family Rosaceae). As with any plant, large amounts of foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset, but it is not expected to be dangerous. |
| Salak | Salacca zalacca | tropical | Mildly toxic | Salacca zalacca is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fruit flesh is a popular human food, but the whole plant is heavily armed with sharp spines that pose a physical injury hazard to curious pets and people. |
| Salal | Gaultheria shallon | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gaultheria shallon is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA and is considered non-toxic. The edible berries have a long history of human consumption. No toxic principles are documented for this species in veterinary toxicology references. |
| Sally Holmes Rose | Rosa 'Sally Holmes' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; genuine Rosa cultivars are non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The only practical hazards are thorn injuries and mild GI upset if a pet eats large amounts of foliage. |
| Sally-My-Handsome | Carpobrotus acinaciformis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carpobrotus acinaciformis is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. The fruits are edible and have been eaten fresh and used in jams in South Africa, but the plant has not been formally assessed for pet safety. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if ingested in quantity by pets. Treat with appropriate caution. |
| Salmon Queen scabiosa | Scabiosa atropurpurea 'Salmon Queen' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scabiosa species are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. No known toxic principle has been reported for this genus in peer-reviewed veterinary literature. The species is widely grown in gardens frequented by pets without documented adverse effects. |
| Oyster plant | Tragopogon porrifolius | edible | Mildly toxic | Salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius) is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. All parts exude a bitter milky latex when cut, which typically deters grazing and may cause mild oral or GI irritation if eaten. |
| Sandwich Island salsify | Tragopogon porrifolius 'Mammoth Sandwich Island' | edible | Mildly toxic | Tragopogon porrifolius is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is treated as uncertain; the root and young leaves are a long-established human food and no specific animal toxicity is documented, but without ASPCA grounding it should be treated with caution and verified with a vet before feeding to pets. |
| scarlet sage | Salvia splendens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia splendens is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe around cats and dogs. |
| Baby sage | Salvia microphylla 'Hot Lips' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Salvia microphylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists Salvia officinalis and Salvia coccinea as non-toxic and includes no Salvia on its toxic list. Large ingestion of the aromatic foliage may cause mild GI upset; if concerned, verify with a vet. |
| Woodland sage | Salvia × sylvestris 'Mainacht' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The named hybrid is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA lists multiple salvias — including Salvia officinalis (sage) and Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) — as non-toxic, and no Salvia appears on its toxic list. Large ingestion may cause mild GI upset; if concerned, verify with a vet. |
| Blue Hill sage | Salvia × sylvestris 'Blauhügel' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage, Lamiaceae) is treated as non-toxic by the ASPCA, which lists garden sage (Salvia officinalis), scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea) and Texas sage as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Eating large amounts may still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset, as with any plant. |
| Evolution Violet Mealy-cup Sage | Salvia farinacea 'Evolution Violet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia farinacea (mealy sage) belongs to the Salvia genus, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (scarlet sage, Salvia splendens, is the listed reference). Ingesting large amounts may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Strata Bicolor Salvia | Salvia farinacea 'Strata' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia farinacea is in the Salvia genus, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (the listed reference is scarlet sage, Salvia splendens). Eating large quantities may cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| East Friesland sage | Salvia nemorosa 'Ostfriesland' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage, Lamiaceae) is treated as non-toxic by the ASPCA, which lists garden sage (Salvia officinalis), scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea) and Texas sage as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Eating a large quantity may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset, as with any plant. |
| Sizzler Burgundy Salvia | Salvia splendens 'Sizzler Burgundy' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia splendens (scarlet sage) is not individually listed on the ASPCA database; the ASPCA 'Scarlet Sage' entry refers to the different species Salvia coccinea, listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Because S. splendens itself is not ASPCA-confirmed, treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting in pets. |
| Vista Red Salvia | Salvia splendens 'Vista Red' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia splendens (scarlet sage) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. As with any plant, large quantities may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Purple Rain whorled sage | Salvia verticillata 'Purple Rain' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage, Lamiaceae) is treated as non-toxic by the ASPCA, which lists garden sage (Salvia officinalis), scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea) and Texas sage as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. As with any plant, ingesting a large amount may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| Russian sage | Salvia yangii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Russian sage (Salvia yangii, formerly Perovskia atriplicifolia) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and its former Perovskia genus is not covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic Salvia (sage) entries. While generally regarded as low-risk, treat it as uncertain, keep pets from grazing it, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Giant Salvinia | Salvinia molesta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Salvinia molesta is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The larger hazard is regulatory and environmental — it is a federally and internationally prohibited noxious weed in many jurisdictions, and dense mats foul water that pets may drink. |
| Floating Fern | Salvinia natans | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Salvinia natans is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a water floater it can carry algae and contaminants from its growing water, which pose the more realistic ingestion risk to pets. |
| Monkey Tail Cactus | Cleistocactus samaipatensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with several representative species listed as non-toxic; Cleistocactus is not individually listed but belongs to this non-toxic family. The soft spines are gentler than typical cactus spines but can still irritate, and ingesting plant tissue may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Samdal Elderberry | Sambucus nigra 'Samdal' | edible | Toxic | All raw parts of Sambucus nigra — leaves, bark, unripe berries, and seeds — contain cyanogenic glycosides and irritant terpenoids. Raw berries cause vomiting and diarrhoea in humans, dogs, and cats; elderberry is listed as toxic to cats by the Pet Poison Helpline. Ripe berries are safe for humans only after thorough cooking. Keep plants and raw fruit away from pets. |
| San Diego Red Bougainvillea | Bougainvillea 'San Diego Red' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bougainvillea is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The plant's sap can cause mild contact dermatitis and the thorns pose a physical hazard. Ingestion by pets may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhea). Handle with protective gloves. |
| San Diego Sage | Salvia munzii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are documented for S. munzii specifically; aromatic oils may cause mild gastric upset if ingested in quantity. |
| San Gabriel Mountains Liveforever | Dudleya densiflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and the genus contains no documented toxic compounds. Dudleya densiflora is not individually evaluated but the genus is consistently included in pet-safe succulent references. Minor gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| San Jose Hesper Palm | Brahea brandegeei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brahea species are true palms (Arecaceae) with no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA but belongs to the same true palm family confirmed non-toxic across multiple genera. No toxic compounds have been documented. |
| Sanchezia | Sanchezia speciosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sanchezia speciosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and there is no established ASPCA genus ruling for Sanchezia. With no authoritative safe listing, treat it as uncertain rather than pet-safe; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around cats and dogs. |
| Sand Bluestem | Andropogon hallii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Andropogon hallii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Andropogon and the Poaceae grass family have no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Sand Bluestem is considered safe for wildlife and domestic animals in rangeland and garden contexts. |
| Sand couch grass | Elymus farctus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Elymus farctus (sand couch grass) is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic species; grasses in the Poaceae family are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Sand Crocus | Romulea columnae | flowering | Toxic | Romulea columnae belongs to the Iridaceae family. The ASPCA lists Iris species (Iridaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with irritant pentacyclic terpenoids concentrated in the corm. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhoea. Romulea shares family membership and should be treated as toxic; contact a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Sand Everlasting | Helichrysum arenarium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum arenarium is not formally indexed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. General sources regard it as non-harmful, but because formal ASPCA confirmation is lacking for this specific species, it is classified as mildly-toxic here as a precaution. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Sand Leek | Allium scorodoprasum | edible | Toxic | All Allium species, including Allium scorodoprasum, are toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are organosulfoxide compounds (including n-propyl disulfide) that cause oxidative damage to red blood cells, Heinz body haemolysis, haemolytic anaemia, and methemoglobinaemia. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, pale gums, and collapse. The ASPCA lists Allium species (onion, garlic, leek, chive) as toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Sand phlox | Phlox bifida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Moss Phlox (Phlox subulata), the closest relative in the same creeping-phlox group, as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Phlox bifida shares the same growth habit and genus and is not reported as toxic in horticultural or veterinary literature. Nonetheless, ingesting any plant material in quantity can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sand Pink | Dianthus arenarius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dianthus species are listed by the ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal signs such as vomiting or diarrhoea, and contact can cause mild skin irritation. Not severely poisonous. |
| Sand reed | Ammophila arenaria | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ammophila arenaria is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic plant; Poaceae grasses of this type are not associated with toxicity in cats or dogs. |
| Sand sedge | Carex arenaria | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex arenaria is not listed by the ASPCA as a toxic plant; sedges in the Cyperaceae family are not associated with toxicity to cats or dogs. |
| Sander's Billbergia | Billbergia sanderiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Billbergia sanderiana contains no known toxic compounds. The black spines along the leaf margins can cause minor physical scratches on contact but pose no chemical hazard to pets or people. |
| Sander's Maxillaria | Maxillaria sanderiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Maxillaria orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Maxillaria sanderiana has no documented toxic compounds and is considered safe around household pets. |
| Waling-Waling | Vanda sanderiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis orchid is its named non-toxic entry, and no orchid sits on the toxic list). Vanda sanderiana (Euanthe sanderiana) is not individually listed, but as a true orchid it has no calcium oxalates or recognised toxic principle. Ingestion may still cause minor digestive upset, as non-toxic does not mean edible. |
| Sanders Blue Spruce | Picea glauca 'Sanders Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea (spruce) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so pet-safe status is not ASPCA-confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sharp needles and resinous sap may cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation, drooling or mild vomiting if chewed. |
| Sandpaper verbena | Verbena rigida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Verbena rigida is not individually listed by ASPCA. Verbena species as a group may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats if ingested; not considered severely toxic. The stoloniferous spreading habit means it can cover ground accessible to pets, so exercise reasonable caution. |
| Sandstone Cycad | Macrozamia diplomera | tropical | Toxic | Macrozamia diplomera, like all Macrozamia species, contains cycasin and related toxic compounds throughout all tissues. Severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans; seeds are the most dangerous part. The ASPCA lists cycads as toxic, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, seizures, and potentially fatal liver failure. Any suspected ingestion requires immediate emergency veterinary treatment. |
| Sandy Sulcorebutia | Sulcorebutia arenacea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sulcorebutia arenacea belongs to the family Cactaceae and is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Cactaceae has no widely recognised toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. The densely packed fine spines may cause skin or paw irritation if handled roughly. |
| Sanguine coneflower | Echinacea sanguinea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea (coneflower) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No significant toxic compounds have been identified; mild, transient gastrointestinal upset is possible if large amounts are consumed. |
| Tanna burnet | Sanguisorba 'Tanna' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salad Burnet (Poterium sanguisorba, family Rosaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; 'Tanna' is a Sanguisorba of the same genus and is regarded as non-toxic. Eating any plant in quantity may cause mild, passing stomach upset; verify with a vet if concerned. |
| Canadian burnet | Sanguisorba canadensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sanguisorba canadensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA database; its relative salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, but this species is not separately confirmed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of large amounts may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Menzies' burnet | Sanguisorba menziesii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salad Burnet (Poterium sanguisorba, family Rosaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; Sanguisorba menziesii belongs to the same genus and is regarded as non-toxic. As with any plant, ingesting large amounts may cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset; consult a vet if unsure. |
| Japanese burnet | Sanguisorba obtusa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sanguisorba obtusa is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its close relative salad burnet (Poterium sanguisorba, Rosaceae) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and the genus carries no recognised toxic principle, but because this exact species is unlisted, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| great burnet | Sanguisorba officinalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salad Burnet (Poterium sanguisorba, family Rosaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; Sanguisorba officinalis is the closely allied great burnet of the same genus and is regarded as non-toxic. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, transient stomach upset; if in doubt, confirm with a vet. |
| Dwarf Sansevieria | Dracaena ballyi | houseplant | Toxic | Sansevieria (now Dracaena) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs; the snake plant genus contains saponins causing drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. Although this dwarf species is not listed individually, it shares the genus's saponin chemistry, so treat it as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| White Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Bantel's Sensation' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under snake plant / Sansevieria). The toxic principle is saponins, which can cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if leaves are chewed. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Black Coral Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Black Coral' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under snake plant / Sansevieria). The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include hypersalivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets. |
| Grooved Sansevieria | Dracaena canaliculata | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a snake plant in the genus Dracaena (formerly Sansevieria), it is listed toxic by the ASPCA due to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and nausea. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Pretty Sansevieria | Dracaena concinna | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. This snake plant belongs to Dracaena (formerly Sansevieria), which the ASPCA lists as toxic owing to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, nausea, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets prone to nibbling. |
| Ehrenberg's Sansevieria | Dracaena ehrenbergii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets that chew houseplants. |
| Samurai Sansevieria | Dracaena ehrenbergii 'Samurai' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep this plant out of reach of pets. |
| Eilensis Sansevieria | Dracaena eilensis | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Sansevieria/snake plant (now Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs, which covers D. eilensis. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. |
| Fischer's Sansevieria | Dracaena fischeri | houseplant | Toxic | Sansevieria (now Dracaena) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs; the genus contains saponins causing drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA but shares the genus's saponin chemistry, so treat it as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Arabian Sansevieria | Dracaena forskaliana | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a snake plant in the genus Dracaena (formerly Sansevieria), it is listed toxic by the ASPCA due to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and nausea. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Francis's Sansevieria | Dracaena francisii | houseplant | Toxic | Sansevieria species, classified by the ASPCA under Dracaena, are toxic to cats and dogs because of saponins. Ingestion may cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea; site out of pets' reach. |
| Futura Superba Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Futura Superba' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under snake plant / Sansevieria). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion may cause hypersalivation, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets. |
| Graceful Sansevieria | Dracaena gracilis | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Sansevieria/snake plant (now Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs, covering D. gracilis. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. |
| Bird's Nest Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Hahnii' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under snake plant / Sansevieria). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Hargeisa Sansevieria | Dracaena hargeisana | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a snake plant in the genus Dracaena (formerly Sansevieria), it is listed toxic by the ASPCA due to saponins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, nausea, and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| African Bowstring Hemp | Dracaena hyacinthoides | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic due to saponins. Ingestion typically causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if eaten. |
| Intermediate Sansevieria | Dracaena intermedia | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic owing to saponins. Chewing the leaves can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Site it away from curious pets and call a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Star Sansevieria | Dracaena kirkii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists snake plants (Sansevieria, now classified under Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion typically causes drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets and contact a vet if eaten. |
| Variegated Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Laurentii' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists snake plant (Sansevieria, now Dracaena trifasciata) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion typically causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Signs are usually mild to moderate, but the plant should still be kept out of pets' reach. |
| Liberian Sansevieria | Dracaena liberica | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists snake plants (Sansevieria, now placed in Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs, with saponins as the toxic principle. Ingestion commonly causes drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if chewed. |
| Long-flowered Sansevieria | Dracaena longiflora | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies snake plants (Sansevieria, now Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins, and ingestion typically triggers drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Variegated Whale Fin | Dracaena masoniana 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic because of saponins. Ingestion typically triggers nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep this prized plant out of pets' reach and seek veterinary advice if chewed. |
| Moonshine Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Moonshine' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists snake plant (Sansevieria, now Dracaena trifasciata) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion usually causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Symptoms are generally mild to moderate, but keep the plant out of reach of curious pets. |
| Nile Sansevieria | Dracaena nilotica | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic due to saponins. Eating the leaves usually causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingestion occurs. |
| Kenya Hyacinth | Dracaena parva | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Sansevieria (snake plants, now classified under Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea; keep away from pets. |
| Patens Sansevieria | Dracaena patens | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists snake plants (Sansevieria, now Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs, with saponins the toxic principle. Ingestion commonly causes drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if chewed. |
| Pearson's Sansevieria | Dracaena pearsonii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies snake plants (Sansevieria, now Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins, and ingestion typically causes drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep out of pets' reach and seek veterinary care if eaten. |
| Phillips' Sansevieria | Dracaena phillipsiae | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic due to saponins. Chewing the leaves can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep out of reach of pets and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| Walking Sansevieria | Dracaena pinguicula | houseplant | Toxic | Sansevieria (now Dracaena) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs; the genus contains saponins causing drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA but shares the genus's saponin chemistry, so treat it as toxic, and note its sharp leaf tips are also a hazard. Keep away from pets. |
| Powell's Sansevieria | Dracaena powellii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic due to saponins. Ingestion typically causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if eaten. |
| Raffill's Sansevieria | Dracaena raffillii | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists snake plants (Sansevieria, now Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs, with saponins as the toxic principle. Ingestion usually causes drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if chewed. |
| Robust Sansevieria | Dracaena robusta | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic due to saponins. Eating the leaves usually causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep out of pets' reach and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Senegambian Sansevieria | Dracaena senegambica | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies snake plants (Sansevieria, now Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins, and ingestion typically causes drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep out of pets' reach and seek veterinary advice if eaten. |
| Singular Sansevieria | Dracaena singularis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which classifies Sansevieria (now Dracaena) as toxic due to saponins. Ingestion typically causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets and contact a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if chewed. |
| Starfish Snake Plant | Dracaena angolensis 'Starfish' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under snake plant / Sansevieria; Dracaena angolensis is the reclassified cylindrical snake plant). The toxic principle is saponins, causing drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea if chewed. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Stucky's Sansevieria | Dracaena stuckyi | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under the Dracaena/Sansevieria genus). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and, in cats, dilated pupils. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Subspicate Sansevieria | Dracaena subspicata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists snake plants (Sansevieria, now Dracaena) as toxic to cats and dogs, with saponins the toxic principle. Ingestion commonly causes drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if chewed. |
| Black Gold Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Black Gold' | houseplant | Toxic | Now classified as Dracaena trifasciata, the ASPCA lists Sansevieria/Dracaena as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets that chew foliage. |
| Cleopatra Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Cleopatra' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under Sansevieria/snake plant). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, depression, anorexia and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of pets' reach and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Craig's Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Craigii' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (Dracaena/Sansevieria genus). The toxic principle is saponins; signs include vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets that chew foliage. |
| Futura Robusta Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Futura Robusta' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Sansevieria/snake plant (now Dracaena trifasciata) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. |
| Gold Flame Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Gold Flame' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists snake plant (Sansevieria, now Dracaena trifasciata) as toxic. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Position out of reach of curious pets. |
| Golden Bird's Nest | Dracaena trifasciata 'Golden Hahnii' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Sansevieria/snake plant (now Dracaena trifasciata) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. |
| Jade Marginata Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Jade Marginata' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under Sansevieria/snake plant). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, depression, anorexia and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if eaten. |
| Superba Laurentii Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Laurentii Superba' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists snake plant (Sansevieria, now Dracaena trifasciata) as toxic. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep the plant away from pets that nibble foliage. |
| Night Owl Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Night Owl' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under Sansevieria/snake plant). The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include vomiting, hypersalivation, depression, anorexia and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of pets' reach and call a vet if chewed. |
| Robusta Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Robusta' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Snake plants belong to Dracaena (formerly Sansevieria), which the ASPCA lists as toxic due to saponins. Ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Keep this and all snake plants out of reach of pets. |
| Sensation Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Sensation' | houseplant | Toxic | Now Dracaena trifasciata, the ASPCA lists Sansevieria/Dracaena as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets that nibble plants. |
| Silver Bird's Nest | Dracaena trifasciata 'Silver Hahnii' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Sansevieria/snake plant (now Dracaena trifasciata) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. |
| Superba Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Superba' | houseplant | Toxic | Reclassified as Dracaena trifasciata, the ASPCA lists Sansevieria/Dracaena as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep away from pets inclined to chew. |
| Twisted Sister Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Twist' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under Sansevieria/snake plant). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, depression, anorexia and, in cats, dilated pupils. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if eaten. |
| Whitney Snake Plant | Dracaena trifasciata 'Whitney' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (under Sansevieria/snake plant). The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, depression, anorexia and dilated pupils in cats. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if eaten. |
| Santa Barbara Island Liveforever | Dudleya traskiae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya traskiae is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxicity has been reported for the Dudleya genus. As a Crassulaceae member distinct from toxic genera (Crassula, Kalanchoe), it is considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. Standard precaution of discouraging plant chewing applies. |
| Santa Rita Prickly Pear | Opuntia santa-rita | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Opuntia is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic, but the microscopic barbed glochids (hairlike spines) are a significant physical hazard — they embed easily in skin, eyes, and mucous membranes of pets and children and are difficult to remove. Ingestion may cause oral irritation and GI upset. Fruits are edible for humans but handle glochids with care. |
| Purple Prickly Pear | Opuntia santarita | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Opuntia species ("Tree Cactus", family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. It poses no chemical poisoning risk, but the areoles bear barbed glochids and slender spines that embed in skin and mouths - a mechanical hazard, so handle with gloves and keep pets at a distance. |
| Santol | Sandoricum koetjape | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sandoricum koetjape is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Meliaceae family contains members with reported mild irritant properties. The bark, roots, and leaves contain bioactive triterpenoids (sandoricum compounds) used in traditional medicine, which may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets if ingested. The fruit flesh consumed by humans is not acutely toxic, but caution is advised with pets, and veterinary guidance should be sought if ingestion occurs. |
| Mandarin Orange Creeping Zinnia | Sanvitalia procumbens 'Mandarin Orange' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sanvitalia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and its relative Zinnia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; creeping zinnia has no recognised toxic principle. Treated as pet-safe, though large amounts of any foliage can cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Sunvy Yellow Sanvitalia | Sanvitalia procumbens 'Sunvy Yellow' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neither Sanvitalia nor its close relative Zinnia is listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database; Zinnia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and creeping zinnia carries no recognised toxic principle. Treated as pet-safe, though nibbled foliage may cause mild stomach upset in any animal. |
| Sapodilla | Manilkara zapota | tropical | Mildly toxic | Manilkara zapota is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; the unripe fruit, seeds and bark contain bitter, astringent compounds and abundant latex (saponins and tannins) that can cause mouth irritation and digestive upset. Treat as potentially harmful to pets and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| sapphire blue oat grass | Helictotrichon sempervirens 'Sapphire' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helictotrichon sempervirens is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and no specific toxic principle is documented. Treat with caution and verify with a vet: as with other ornamental grasses, ingested foliage can cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset, and fibrous blades may irritate the mouth or gut. |
| Sapphire Tower | Puya alpestris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Puya belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which is broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Puya is not individually listed by the ASPCA; no toxic compounds are documented for this genus. The sharp marginal spines on the leaves are a physical hazard to pets and people. |
| Sarapiqui heliconia | Heliconia sarapiquensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia sarapiquensis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs. The genus Heliconia is not among any established pet-toxic plant groups; however, since this uncommon species has no explicit ASPCA safety listing, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Mild gastrointestinal upset may result if pets ingest plant material. |
| Cecilia's Sarcochilus | Sarcochilus ceciliae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarcochilus is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants, and ornamental orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Despite the Fairy Bells name it is an orchid, not a bellflower or lily, and poses none of the lily risk to cats. |
| Orange Blossom Orchid | Sarcochilus falcatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarcochilus is not among the ASPCA's listed toxic plants, and ornamental orchids are broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. The Orange Blossom Orchid name describes scent and appearance only; it is unrelated to citrus and is not a toxicity concern. |
| Hartmann's Sarcochilus | Sarcochilus hartmannii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarcochilus is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants, and ornamental orchids are broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. The common name Rock Lily is misleading: it is an orchid, not a true lily, and carries none of the lily toxicity dangerous to cats. |
| Sweet Box | Sarcococca confusa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sarcococca is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The glossy black berries are not edible and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten; ingestion of plant parts can prompt vomiting in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Dwarf Sweet Box | Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sarcococca is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The small black berries are not edible and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten; ingestion of plant material can prompt vomiting in pets. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Sardinian glory of the snow | Chionodoxa sardensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chionodoxa sardensis is not specifically listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. As with other Asparagaceae bulbs, the corms contain saponins that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation — vomiting, drooling, and diarrhoea — if ingested by cats or dogs. Handle bulbs with gloves as sap can irritate skin. |
| Sardinian santolina | Santolina insularis | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina insularis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Its essential oil is dominated by β-phellandrene, myrcene, and artemisia ketone — compounds that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if plant material is ingested in quantity and may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals or animals; treat as mildly toxic around cats and dogs. |
| Sargent Cherry Bonsai | Prunus sargentii | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists cherry (Prunus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves and seeds, releasing cyanide and especially dangerous in wilting foliage. Signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, laboured breathing, panting and shock. Keep all prunings, leaves and pits away from pets. |
| Sargent's quince | Chaenomeles japonica 'Sargentii' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Seeds of Chaenomeles japonica contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin), consistent with the Rosaceae family. Cooked fruit is edible and used in preserves. ASPCA does not list this species or cultivar individually; the seed content warrants a mildly-toxic designation, and seed ingestion by pets should be discouraged. |
| Sarpagandha | Rauvolfia serpentina | tropical | Toxic | Contains potent monoterpene indole alkaloids including reserpine, ajmaline, serpentine, and yohimbine throughout all plant parts, especially the roots. These compounds cause hypotension, sedation, CNS depression, and gastrointestinal distress in humans and animals. Rauvolfia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Apocynaceae family is well-documented as toxic; treat as toxic to pets and humans. Keep out of reach of children and animals. |
| Juthatip Soper pitcher | Sarracenia × 'Juthatip Soper' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This Sarracenia hybrid is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the related Darlingtonia californica in the same family Sarraceniaceae is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and Sarracenia pitchers have no reported toxicity. Pitcher fluid contains only mild digestive enzymes and may cause minor, self-limiting stomach upset if chewed. Low-risk; keep out of reach and consult a vet if a pet ingests pitcher fluid. |
| Catesby's Pitcher Plant | Sarracenia × catesbaei | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pitcher plants in the family Sarraceniaceae are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the related California Pitcher Plant and Purple Pitcher Plant are both classified Non-Toxic). No toxic principle; as with any plant, chewing pitchers may cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Excellent Pitcher Plant | Sarracenia × excellens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia and the wider Sarraceniaceae are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (California and Purple Pitcher Plants are both classified Non-Toxic). No known toxic principle; ingestion may cause only mild, temporary stomach upset typical of any plant material. |
| Ornate Yellow Trumpet | Sarracenia flava var. ornata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sarracenia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related Sarraceniaceae member Darlingtonia (California Pitcher Plant) is ASPCA non-toxic, but S. flava is not on the ASPCA list — treat with caution and verify with a vet. Chewing plant matter or pitcher fluid can cause mild vomiting or GI irritation. |
| Tarnok Pitcher Plant | Sarracenia leucophylla 'Tarnok' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia leucophylla, like other Sarraceniaceae, is covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic listing for pitcher plants (California and Purple Pitcher Plants are both classified Non-Toxic to cats and dogs). No toxic principle; chewing may cause only mild, transient GI upset. |
| hooded pitcher plant | Sarracenia minor | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Sarracenia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database; only the unrelated California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia, also Sarraceniaceae) is listed there as non-toxic, which cannot be extended to this genus. Treat as uncertain — chewed pitchers may cause mild stomach upset. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Green Pitcher Plant | Sarracenia oreophila | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sarracenia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database; the only pitcher plant listed there is Darlingtonia californica (California pitcher plant), classified as non-toxic. Because Sarracenia itself is unverified by the ASPCA, treat it with caution: chewing foliage or pitcher contents may cause mild stomach upset. Confirm with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Southern Purple Pitcher Plant | Sarracenia purpurea subsp. venosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sarracenia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related Sarraceniaceae genus Darlingtonia (California Pitcher Plant) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, but this species is not on the ASPCA list — treat with caution and verify with a vet. Ingestion of any plant matter can cause mild vomiting or GI upset; the pitcher fluid contains digestive enzymes. |
| sweet pitcher plant | Sarracenia rubra | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia rubra is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its Sarraceniaceae family relative the California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and pitcher plants carry no recognised toxic principle. Treated as pet-safe; the digestive fluid is a mild enzyme and the deep narrow tubes are nearly impossible for a pet to reach, though chewing leaves may cause minor stomach upset. |
| Sarracenia-like sun pitcher | Heliamphora sarracenioides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heliamphora sarracenioides is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family Sarraceniaceae (including Darlingtonia) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds are reported in any Heliamphora species. Standard caution is advised around inquisitive pets. |
| sasanqua camellia | Camellia sasanqua | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (genus Camellia; Common Camellia, Camellia japonica, is the listed entry). No toxic principle identified. Note that pesticide or fungicide residues on garden plants can still sicken pets, so keep treated foliage out of reach. |
| Yuletide Camellia | Camellia sasanqua 'Yuletide' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Camellia as non-toxic, with no known toxic principle, so 'Yuletide' is considered safe around pets; as with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Smoky saskatoon | Amelanchier alnifolia 'Smoky' | edible | Mildly toxic | Amelanchier alnifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is human-edible, but as a rose-family plant the leaves and seeds can contain cyanogenic compounds, and pet safety is not ASPCA-established, so do not label it pet-safe. |
| Thiessen saskatoon | Amelanchier alnifolia 'Thiessen' | edible | Mildly toxic | Amelanchier alnifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe berries are human-edible, but as a rose-family plant the leaves and seeds can contain cyanogenic compounds, and pet safety is not ASPCA-established, so do not label it pet-safe. |
| saskatoon | Amelanchier alnifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | Amelanchier alnifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe fruit is human-edible, but as a member of the rose family the leaves and seeds can contain cyanogenic compounds, and pet safety is not ASPCA-established, so do not label it pet-safe. |
| Satellit Bosnian Pine | Pinus heldreichii 'Satellit' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinus heldreichii is not individually confirmed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant list. Pinus ponderosa (a related pine) is listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA, but as a precaution — since ingestion of pine needles can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs — this species is classified as mildly-toxic. |
| Satin Pellionia | Pellionia pulchra | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pellionia pulchra is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its same-genus relative Pellionia daveauana (Trailing Watermelon Begonia, Urticaceae) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and no Pellionia species appear on the toxic list; NC State Extension likewise lists Procris/Pellionia repens as non-toxic. It is a true Pellionia (Urticaceae), not a real begonia. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if your pet has a sensitive system. |
| Satin pothos | Scindapsus pictus 'Argyraeus' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Satin Pothos (Scindapsus pictus, family Araceae) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. As with other aroids, the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which cause oral irritation, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting (not in horses) and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep well out of reach of pets and curious children. |
| Silver Satin Pothos | Scindapsus pictus 'Argyraeus' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA does not list Scindapsus pictus individually, but it is an aroid in the same family (Araceae) as pothos and philodendron and contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Treat it as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Satinleaf | Chrysophyllum oliviforme | tropical | Mildly toxic | Chrysophyllum oliviforme is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus contains saponins typical of Sapotaceae; the small ripe fruits are eaten by birds and wildlife without reported harm, and humans consume them. No documented severe toxicity to pets, but the species has not been formally assessed by ASPCA. As a precaution, prevent pets from consuming large quantities of unripe fruit or bark. |
| Satomi Dogwood | Cornus kousa 'Satomi' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Cornus species as non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, the ornamental fruits of C. kousa 'Satomi' may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in large quantities by pets or children. The species is broadly considered low-hazard. |
| Satsuki Azalea | Rhododendron indicum | flowering | Toxic | Rhododendron/azalea is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All parts contain grayanotoxins, which can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, weakness, cardiac arrhythmia, collapse and, in severe cases, death. Keep well away from pets and seek veterinary care immediately if any part is eaten. |
| satsuma | Citrus unshiu | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists orange and related Citrus species as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with essential oils (limonene, linalool) and psoralens as the toxic principles, concentrated in the peel, leaves and stems. Ingestion of plant material can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and dermatitis; the ripe seedless flesh is far less of a concern than the foliage and peel. |
| Saucer Magnolia | Magnolia × soulangeana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Magnolia (under Magnolia stellata, 'Magnolia Bush') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses with no toxic principle, and the genus including Magnolia × soulangeana is treated as non-toxic. ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any plant, eating large amounts of leaves or flowers can cause mild, self-limiting GI upset. |
| Saucer Magnolia | Magnolia soulangeana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Magnolia species as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Dinner Plate Aeonium | Aeonium undulatum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted; note that other Crassulaceae such as Kalanchoe and Crassula are ASPCA-listed as toxic. Treat with caution, keep out of reach, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Saunders' Vriesea | Vriesea saundersii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bromeliaceae has no known toxic principles, making V. saundersii safe around household pets. |
| Savanna Gardenia | Gardenia volkensii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Gardenia volkensii contains iridoid glycosides (gardenoside, geniposide) consistent with the genus. The ASPCA explicitly lists Gardenia jasminoides as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (GI upset, hives). G. volkensii shares the same toxic principles and should be treated identically. Keep pets and livestock away from all plant parts. |
| Savin Juniper | Juniperus sabina | flowering | Toxic | Juniperus sabina (Savin) is notably more toxic than other junipers. It contains sabinol and sabinene, potent volatile oils that are toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, kidney damage, and CNS effects with significant ingestion. It was historically used as an abortifacient and is considered the most toxic juniper species. Keep all pets and livestock away from all plant parts. |
| Savory of Crete | Satureja thymbra | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Satureja hortensis (summer savory) and Satureja montana (winter savory) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Satureja thymbra belongs to the same genus with no reported toxic principles. It is considered pet-safe based on genus-level ASPCA data, though Satureja thymbra is not individually listed. |
| Savoy cabbage | Brassica oleracea var. sabauda 'Savoy King' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is not listed among the ASPCA's toxic plants and cabbage is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a brassica it contains thiocyanates, so large or frequent amounts can cause gas, bloating and GI upset, and rarely thyroid effects; serve only small, occasional, ideally cooked portions. |
| Scrub Palmetto | Serenoa repens | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Serenoa repens berries are the source of a herbal supplement and are generally regarded as low-toxicity, but the species has no formal ASPCA safe rating, so we do not assert pet-safe. The saw-toothed petioles can also physically injure pets. |
| Saw-wort | Serratula tinctoria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA. No specific toxic compounds have been identified, but the plant has not been formally cleared as pet-safe. As a precaution, classify as mildly toxic; ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sawara Cypress | Chamaecyparis pisifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis pisifera is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so it has no confirmed non-toxic status. As an unlisted conifer of uncertain stance, treat with caution — ingesting conifer foliage commonly causes mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. Keep prunings away from pets and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| sawtooth oak | Quercus acutissima | edible | Toxic | Oak (Quercus) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is tannic acid and gallotannins, concentrated in young leaves, buds and green acorns. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea (sometimes bloody), abdominal pain and, with large quantities, kidney and liver injury. Fallen acorns also pose a choking and obstruction hazard. |
| Sawtooth Sunflower | Helianthus grosseserratus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus species are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The rough, bristly leaves may cause mild contact irritation in sensitive skin, but the plant poses no known toxicity risk to pets or people. |
| Sawtooth Venus flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Sawtooth' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Dionaea muscipula (Venus fly trap) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds are known in this genus. |
| Butterfly Blue pincushion flower | Scabiosa columbaria 'Butterfly Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scabious (Scabiosa) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so Scabiosa columbaria 'Butterfly Blue' is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Scabrosa | Rosa rugosa 'Scabrosa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Rosa). The large hips and petals are harmless to pets; the only concern is the dense, prickly, bristly stems causing scratches. |
| Bombay Dark Blue Fan Flower | Scaevola aemula 'Bombay Dark Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Scaevola aemula is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. No toxic principle is documented, and ingestion would most likely cause only mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Whirlwind White Fan Flower | Scaevola aemula 'Whirlwind White' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Scaevola aemula is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safe rating cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. There is no documented toxic principle, and any reaction from ingestion is most likely confined to mild digestive upset. |
| scaly blazing star | Liatris squarrosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Liatris as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Scaly Male Fern | Dryopteris affinis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Although most true ferns are non-toxic, the genus Dryopteris (male ferns) contains filicin and related compounds in the rhizome that are historically used as a vermifuge and can be toxic if eaten in quantity. Dryopteris affinis is not on the ASPCA non-toxic list; treat as mildly toxic, keep pets and children from ingesting it, and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Scaly-stem Columnea | Columnea lepidocaula | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea (Gesneriaceae, Goldfish Plant) is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs and Non-Toxic to Cats by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Scaly-Stemmed Holly Fern | Polystichum lepidocaulon | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum species are not recorded as toxic by the ASPCA. True ferns lack the calcium oxalate crystals of aroids and the alkaloids of other toxic plant families. Polystichum lepidocaulon is not associated with harm to cats or dogs. |
| Scarlet Ball Cactus | Parodia haselbergii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Parodia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic principle is documented for the cactus family. The fine spines remain a physical hazard that can injure mouths and paws, so keep the plant out of pets' reach. |
| scarlet bee balm | Monarda didyma | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. Like other Monarda, it is widely regarded as low-risk and historically used as a herbal tea, but without an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing it cannot be asserted pet-safe; large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before any deliberate pet use. |
| Scarlet begonia | Begonia coccinea | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the underground parts. Ingestion causes oral irritation, excessive drooling, and vomiting. |
| Scarlet Bidi-Bidi | Acaena microphylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Acaena microphylla is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA or other authoritative sources, and no toxic compounds have been reported for this genus. The hooked burrs can physically attach to pet fur and cause irritation or skin abrasions if not removed promptly. Not chemically harmful. |
| Scarlet bugler | Penstemon barbatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon barbatus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Penstemon species are not documented as severely toxic, but as with other members of the Plantaginaceae family, mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if plant parts are ingested. Treat with caution around pets and children. |
| Golden Rat Tail Cactus | Cleistocactus winteri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists cacti (family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs across multiple representative species; Cleistocactus is not individually listed but falls within this non-toxic family. Its soft golden spines are gentler than most but can still irritate, and chewing plant tissue may cause mild GI upset, so keep it out of reach. |
| Scarlet Dahlia | Dahlia coccinea | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia species as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Contact with foliage may cause mild skin irritation; ingestion typically causes mild GI upset (vomiting, diarrhoea). Not considered life-threatening, but veterinary advice is recommended if large quantities are consumed. |
| scarlet drymonia | Drymonia coccinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drymonia belongs to Gesneriaceae, a family not associated with pet toxicity. Drymonia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been documented for this genus. It is considered safe in households with cats and dogs, consistent with other gesneriads. |
| Scarlet Freesia | Freesia laxa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Freesia laxa is classified within the genus Freesia, which the ASPCA recognizes as non-toxic to cats and dogs. F. laxa is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxic principles and is consistently described as safe in pet-toxicology references. Large ingestions may cause mild GI upset. |
| Scarlet Giant Hyssop | Agastache coccinea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache species are not individually listed by the ASPCA but belong to Lamiaceae, a family with no known toxic principles. No toxic constituents have been identified for A. coccinea. Consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| scarlet ginger lily | Hedychium coccineum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hedychium coccineum is not individually listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Hedychium contains saponins and other irritant compounds in the rhizomes and sap; ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, lethargy) in cats and dogs. Classified as mildly toxic out of caution — keep pets away from rhizomes in particular. |
| Scarlet kale | Brassica oleracea var. sabellica 'Scarlet' | edible | Mildly toxic | Garden kale (Brassica oleracea) is not individually listed by the ASPCA and is generally non-toxic to dogs, but it contains N-propyl disulfide and thiocyanate/isothiocyanate compounds that can cause Heinz-body hemolytic anemia in cats and GI irritation with repeated or large feeding. Treat as unsafe for cats in quantity and verify with a vet before feeding. |
| Scarlet Leucothoe | Leucothoe fontanesiana 'Scarletta' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Leucothoe (Dog Hobble) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is grayanotoxin, which disrupts sodium-ion channels in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Ingestion of even a few leaves can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, depression, weakness, cardiovascular collapse, low blood pressure, coma, and death. |
| Scarlet Martagon Lily | Lilium chalcedonicum | flowering | Toxic | As a true Lilium species, Lilium chalcedonicum is severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed, genus Lilium). All parts of the plant — including petals, leaves, pollen, stem, and water in the vase — can cause acute, life-threatening renal failure in cats, often fatal within 24–72 hours without emergency veterinary treatment. Even grooming pollen from fur is a lethal risk. Also toxic to dogs and horses in significant quantities (causing gastrointestinal upset and potentially neurological signs). Do not grow where cats have any access. |
| Scarlet Maxillaria | Maxillaria sophronitis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Maxillaria orchids are not individually listed by ASPCA but fall within the broader orchid family (Orchidaceae), which the ASPCA considers non-toxic to cats and dogs. No known toxic principles have been reported for this genus. |
| Scarlet Monkeyflower | Mimulus cardinalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Mimulus cardinalis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no confirmed toxic principles are known for this species. As ASPCA non-toxic status cannot be verified, treat as mildly toxic; consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Scarlet Runner Bean | Phaseolus coccineus | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA does not specifically list Phaseolus coccineus as toxic to pets. However, raw runner beans — especially the seeds — contain phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) lectins and trace cyanogenic glycosides that can cause GI upset in dogs and cats if consumed raw in quantity. Cooked pods are safe for human consumption. Exercise caution with pets that may chew on raw pods or dried seeds. |
| Scarlet Sage | Salvia splendens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia splendens is not individually listed as toxic or non-toxic by the ASPCA. However, peer-reviewed research (Qureshi et al., Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1989; PubMed ID 16414649) found that aqueous extract of S. splendens has documented anticoagulant activity when tested in dogs, with an LD50 of 1,287 mg/kg. While large quantities are required for serious effects, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. If a pet — particularly a dog — ingests significant quantities of flowers, aerial parts, or roots, seek veterinary advice promptly. |
| Scarlet Star | Guzmania lingulata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania lingulata (listed as 'Orange Star' / Guzmania lingulata minor) is confirmed Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principle is identified. |
| Scarlet sundew | Drosera scorpioides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; they contain plumbagin (a 1,4-naphthoquinone) that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs. Classify as mildly-toxic until an authoritative non-toxic confirmation is available. |
| Scarlet Torch Ginger | Etlingera coccinea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Etlingera coccinea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no specific toxic compounds have been documented for this species. A mildly-toxic classification is used as a precautionary measure; ingestion of foliage or rhizome material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Scarletta leucothoe | Leucothoe fontanesiana 'Scarletta' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dog Hobble (Leucothoe species) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is grayanotoxin. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, cardiovascular collapse, weakness, low blood pressure, coma, and potentially death. 'Scarletta' shares this toxicity; keep well away from all pets and livestock. |
| Scattered-flower Guzmania | Guzmania dissitiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads (family Bromeliaceae), including Guzmania species, are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known; ingestion may cause mild gastric upset from plant fibre but is not considered a poisoning risk. |
| Scepter'd Isle | Rosa 'Scepter'd Isle' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; all true Rosa species are classified non-toxic. The realistic hazard is thorns scratching paws or mouths, with chewed foliage or petals causing at most mild stomach upset. |
| Schaefer's Tylecodon | Tylecodon schaeferianus | houseplant | Toxic | Contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (cotyledoside and tyledosides) documented across the Tylecodon genus in the veterinary and phytochemical literature (NCBI/PMC, SANBI). Not individually listed by ASPCA (whose database focuses primarily on commonly cultivated ornamentals), but the genus toxicity is unambiguous. Even the small plant mass of T. schaeferianus poses a risk if ingested by a cat or small dog. Keep entirely out of reach of all pets. |
| Scharff's begonia | Begonia scharffiana | houseplant | Toxic | Listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs; the soluble calcium oxalates present throughout the plant (concentrated in roots and tubers) cause oral irritation, salivation, nausea, and vomiting if ingested. |
| umbrella tree | Schefflera arboricola | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Schefflera as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Symptoms include oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Schiede's goldfish plant | Columnea schiedeana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea schiedeana is a Gesneriaceae gesneriad with no documented toxic compounds. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the closely related gesneriad Episcia is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principles are known for the family. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| schismatoglottis | Schismatoglottis calyptrata | tropical | Toxic | Schismatoglottis belongs to the Araceae (aroid) family, classified by the ASPCA as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Although not individually listed, as an aroid it should be treated as toxic; ingestion causes intense oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in cats and dogs. |
| Motley's schismatoglottis | Schismatoglottis motleyana | tropical | Toxic | Schismatoglottis is part of the Araceae (aroid) family, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides). Not individually listed, but as an aroid it should be treated as toxic; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, retching, vomiting, and pawing at the mouth in cats and dogs. |
| Prieto's schismatoglottis | Schismatoglottis prietoi | tropical | Toxic | Schismatoglottis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it is a member of the Araceae (aroid) family and, like its relatives, contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Treat it as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing can cause oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Wallich's schismatoglottis | Schismatoglottis wallichii | tropical | Toxic | Schismatoglottis is a member of the Araceae (aroid) family, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides). Though not individually listed, as an aroid it should be treated as toxic; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, retching, vomiting, and pawing at the mouth in cats and dogs. |
| Angel Wings Poor Man's Orchid | Schizanthus pinnatus 'Angel Wings' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Schizanthus pinnatus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the nightshade family (Solanaceae) and its seeds are reported to be toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Keep pets and children from eating any part, especially the seeds. |
| White Christmas Cactus | Schlumbergera truncata 'White Christmas' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA Christmas Cactus (Schlumbergera) entry records it non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The fibrous stems can cause mild vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten in quantity, but the plant contains no toxic principle. |
| Christmas cactus | Schlumbergera × buckleyi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera) appears on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database as non-toxic. Ingestion of the fibrous stems may cause mild, self-limiting vomiting or diarrhoea, but no toxic principle is involved. |
| Schmitz's Cycad | Encephalartos schmitzii | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species are severely toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Seeds, leaves, and roots contain cycasin (azoxymethanol glycosides) causing acute liver failure, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and potentially fatal toxicity. ASPCA classifies all cycads as severely toxic to pets. Any ingestion is a veterinary emergency requiring immediate treatment. |
| White Bulrush | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 'Albescens' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Schoenoplectus (bulrush) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with most rushes and grasses, chewed fibrous stems can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) and the stiff stems pose a mechanical-irritation risk. |
| Zebra Rush | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus' is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As an uncertain species, keep cats and dogs from chewing the stems, which could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Schomburgk's Dancing Ginger | Globba schomburgkii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Globba schomburgkii is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. No documented toxic principles specific to this species have been identified, but a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. Consumption may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats or dogs. |
| Schwantes' Living Stones | Lithops schwantesii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The genus contains no known toxic alkaloids or oxalates. Safe for homes with pets. |
| Pillans' schwantesia | Schwantesia pillansii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Schwantesia pillansii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so we treat its status as uncertain and advise confirming with a vet before relying on it around pets. Related listed Aizoaceae genera (Ice Plant/Lampranthus, Dinteranthus) are ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs, but without a species-level entry we will not label this plant pet-safe. |
| Ossorio Gold umbrella pine | Sciadopitys verticillata 'Ossorio Gold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sciadopitys is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats and dogs. Without an authoritative listing, treat it as uncertain — a possible GI irritant if ingested — and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Wintergreen umbrella pine | Sciadopitys verticillata 'Wintergreen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sciadopitys is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic to cats and dogs. With no authoritative pet-safety listing, treat with caution as a potential GI irritant if chewed and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Siberian squill | Scilla siberica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but Siberian squill is well documented to contain cardiac glycosides in all parts, with the highest concentration in the bulb. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and, in larger amounts, potential heart-rhythm effects. Treat with caution, keep bulbs and foliage away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Hunter's Robe | Scindapsus aureus | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists pothos (Epipremnum/Scindapsus aureum, golden pothos, devil's ivy) as toxic; it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Exotica Satin Pothos | Scindapsus pictus 'Exotica' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA does not list Scindapsus pictus individually, but as an Araceae aroid (the pothos and philodendron family) it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Treat it as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes oral irritation, burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Officinal scindapsus | Scindapsus officinalis | houseplant | Toxic | Scindapsus is a calcium-oxalate aroid; ASPCA lists Scindapsus/pothos-type aroids as toxic to cats and dogs. The insoluble oxalate crystals cause oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets and children despite the species epithet 'officinalis'. |
| Jade satin pothos | Scindapsus pictus 'Jade Satin' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Scindapsus pictus is listed by the ASPCA as toxic; like all aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep trailing stems out of reach of pets. |
| Silver hero pothos | Scindapsus pictus 'Silver Hero' | houseplant | Toxic | Scindapsus pictus is an aroid containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; while not always individually named, the ASPCA classes pothos-type aroids as toxic and Scindapsus shares the same toxic principle. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning, drooling and vomiting. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Silvery Ann | Scindapsus pictus 'Silvery Ann' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA does not list Scindapsus pictus individually, but as an aroid in the Araceae family (alongside pothos and philodendron) it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Treat it as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes oral and tongue irritation, burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Dark Form Scindapsus | Scindapsus treubii 'Dark Form' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Scindapsus treubii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its close relative Scindapsus pictus (Satin Pothos) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and like all aroids (family Araceae) it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting if chewed. Keep out of reach and verify with your vet. |
| Moonlight Scindapsus | Scindapsus treubii 'Moonlight' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Scindapsus treubii 'Moonlight' is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but its same-genus relative Scindapsus pictus (satin pothos) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalates; as an aroid this plant shares that chemistry. Chewing can cause oral pain, drooling, and vomiting. Keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Common Club-Rush | Scirpus lacustris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Scirpus lacustris is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. The starchy rhizomes and shoots are eaten by people, but lacking ASPCA confirmation do not assume pet safety; prevent cats and dogs from chewing it. |
| Black salsify | Scorzonera hispanica | edible | Mildly toxic | Scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica), like its salsify relatives, is not individually listed by the ASPCA on its toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. The roots and stems contain a bitter milky latex that generally deters animals and may cause mild GI upset if eaten. |
| Green Spleenwort | Asplenium viride | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium ferns (spleenworts) are recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; while A. viride is not individually listed, the genus pattern is non-toxic and it carries no toxic principle. Mild stomach upset is still possible if a pet eats a quantity. |
| Scots Pine | Pinus sylvestris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus sylvestris is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the genus reference, Ponderosa pine, is rated non-toxic to cats and dogs, but pine needles act as a mechanical and oil-based GI irritant that can cause vomiting, drooling or oral injury if chewed. Treat as mildly toxic and verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Scott's Angraecum | Angraecum scottianum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Angraecum scottianum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The broader Orchidaceae family is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principle has been reported for this genus. Fertilisers and pesticides applied to the plant should be kept away from pets. |
| Scottish Heath | Daboecia × scotica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Daboecia × scotica is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a hybrid within the Ericaceae family, which includes grayanotoxin-containing genera, it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Contact a vet promptly if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Scrub Palmetto | Sabal etonia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sabal etonia is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic species; Sabal palms are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Scurfy Laelia | Laelia furfuracea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Laelia orchids are not individually listed by the ASPCA. The family Orchidaceae has no known toxic principle, and orchids generally are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance. |
| Sea Apple | Syzygium grande | tropical | Mildly toxic | Syzygium grande is not individually listed by ASPCA. The fruit is edible and consumed regionally, and no toxic principles are documented for this species. As with other Myrtaceae, the essential oils in the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets if large amounts are ingested; err on the side of caution and consult a veterinarian if a pet consumes the leaves. |
| Sea beet | Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beta vulgaris (beet) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Sea beet, as the wild subspecies maritima, shares this classification; all parts are considered safe for pets, though the pigments may temporarily discolour urine or stools. |
| Sea bindweed | Calystegia soldanella | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calystegia soldanella is not specifically listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. However, related bindweed species (Convolvulaceae) contain tropane alkaloids (pseudotropine) with atropine-like activity that can cause gastrointestinal upset and CNS effects in pets. As a precaution this plant is classed as mildly toxic — keep pets away from it and contact a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| sea buckthorn | Hippophae rhamnoides | edible | Mildly toxic | Hippophae rhamnoides is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed. The berries are widely eaten by humans, but pet safety is not established and the sharp thorns are a physical hazard. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Friesdorfer Orange sea buckthorn | Hippophae rhamnoides 'Friesdorfer Orange' | edible | Mildly toxic | Hippophae rhamnoides 'Friesdorfer Orange' is not individually listed by the ASPCA and the species does not appear in its toxic or non-toxic database, so its status for pets is unconfirmed. The fruit is eaten by humans, but cat and dog safety is unproven and the thorns are a hazard. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Leikora sea buckthorn | Hippophae rhamnoides 'Leikora' | edible | Mildly toxic | Hippophae rhamnoides 'Leikora' is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the species is absent from its toxic and non-toxic plant database, so pet status is unconfirmed. Berries are eaten by people, but safety for cats and dogs is unestablished and the thorns pose a physical risk. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. |
| Sea Campion | Silene uniflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Silene uniflora (family Caryophyllaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Silene and family Caryophyllaceae have no documented toxic principles in veterinary toxicology. Historical human food use (young shoots) further supports low toxicity. |
| Sea Heath | Frankenia laevis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Frankenia laevis is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles are documented for this family (Frankeniaceae), but because official non-toxic status cannot be confirmed, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. |
| sea hibiscus | Hibiscus tiliaceus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hibiscus tiliaceus is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus Hibiscus is generally considered of low toxicity; several Hibiscus species (e.g. H. rosa-sinensis, H. syriacus) are listed as non-toxic by ASPCA. However, H. tiliaceus leaves contain trace cyanogenic glycosides and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Treat with caution around pets and children — keep out of reach of inquisitive animals. |
| flat sea holly | Eryngium planum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eryngium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not known to be seriously poisonous, and its very spiny foliage and flower heads act as a strong physical deterrent to nibbling pets. |
| sea kale | Crambe maritima | edible | Mildly toxic | Crambe maritima is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safe label cannot be given. As a member of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae), large quantities of raw foliage can cause gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Sea Knotgrass | Polygonum maritimum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Polygonum maritimum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Related Polygonum/Persicaria species are generally considered low-risk, but the genus is not formally cleared as non-toxic by ASPCA; mildly-toxic is the precautionary classification. |
| Sea Lettuce | Dudleya caespitosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya caespitosa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Dudleya belongs to Crassulaceae; while some Crassulaceae (notably Crassula jade plants and Kalanchoe) are toxic, Dudleya is not in ASPCA's toxic plant list and has no reported toxic principle. Safe for households with cats and dogs. |
| Sea Mouse-ear | Cerastium diffusum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cerastium diffusum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a member of Caryophyllaceae, it is not a known toxicological risk, but the absence of an official non-toxic listing means a 'mildly-toxic' classification is the precautionary default; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Sea pea | Lathyrus japonicus | flowering | Toxic | The entire Lathyrus genus contains the neurotoxic amino acid beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), particularly concentrated in the seeds. The ASPCA lists Lathyrus (sweet pea) as toxic to horses (aminoproprionitrite causing weakness, lethargy, tremors, seizures, and possible death); effects in dogs and cats are generally gastrointestinal at low doses but neurological damage (lathyrism) is possible with repeated or large-dose ingestion. Treat all Lathyrus as toxic to pets and contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) if ingestion occurs. |
| Sea purslane | Atriplex portulacoides | edible | Mildly toxic | Atriplex portulacoides is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database and PFAF records no known hazards. However, as with other Atriplex species, the leaves contain soluble oxalates that in large quantities could cause digestive irritation or kidney stress in pets; classified as mildly-toxic out of caution rather than confirmed pet-safe. |
| Sea purslane shrub | Atriplex halimus | edible | Mildly toxic | Atriplex halimus is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, and PFAF notes no known toxins in the genus. However, leaves contain soluble oxalates, which can cause digestive upset and, in large quantities, impair calcium absorption or damage kidneys in pets and livestock. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution — not confirmed pet-safe. |
| Sea Purslane Sun Rose | Halimium halimifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Halimium halimifolium is not individually assessed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic principle has been characterised, but in the absence of a confirmed non-toxic listing the species is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic for cats and dogs. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Sea rocket | Cakile maritima | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cakile maritima is a Brassicaceae member with no reported toxicity to cats or dogs. The plant contains glucosinolates typical of the mustard family; while very large quantities could cause mild stomach upset due to sulphur compounds and salt content in coastal-grown plants, it is not classified as toxic by ASPCA. Classified as pet-safe based on available evidence. |
| Sea sandwort | Honckenya peploides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Honckenya peploides is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is not known to contain harmful compounds. The leaves and seeds are edible and have been used as a food source, supporting its pet-safe classification. |
| Sea Spleenwort | Asplenium marinum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium is not listed as a toxic genus by the ASPCA. No harmful alkaloids, oxalates, or glycosides have been identified in A. marinum. Non-toxic classification is consistent with ASPCA guidance on other Asplenium species. |
| Sea spurge | Euphorbia paralias | flowering | Toxic | Euphorbia paralias, like all Euphorbia species, contains a caustic white latex sap comprising diterpenoid esters (including phorbol esters) that is severely irritating and toxic. According to the ASPCA, Euphorbia species are toxic to both dogs and cats; ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive drooling, while skin or eye contact with the sap causes intense irritation and chemical burns. The milky sap is exuded copiously when any part of the plant is cut or damaged. Wear gloves and eye protection when handling and keep away from pets and children. |
| Sea stock | Matthiola sinuata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stock flowers (Matthiola) are widely considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, with multiple horticultural and veterinary sources confirming their safety; no toxic principle has been identified in the genus. The ASPCA does not list Matthiola as a toxic plant. |
| Sea Stork's Bill | Erodium maritimum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium maritimum is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic, and the Erodium genus has no documented toxic principles. No confirmed ASPCA non-toxic entry exists for this species; mildly-toxic is therefore the cautious classification. Ingestion of small amounts is unlikely to cause serious harm but may irritate the gut. |
| Sea Thrift | Armeria maritima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Armeria maritima is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Armeria has no known toxic principles reported in veterinary literature and is generally considered safe for dogs, cats, and horses. |
| Easter Lily Cactus | Echinopsis oxygona | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Easter Lily Cactus (Echinopsis multiplex) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses with no toxic principles identified, which covers the Echinopsis genus to which this species belongs. The remaining concern is mechanical injury from the spines, so keep it away from inquisitive pets. |
| Sea Wormwood | Artemisia maritima | herb | Mildly toxic | Artemisia maritima is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The plant contains santonin (historically used as an anthelmintic) and volatile oils including thujone — compounds that are toxic in quantity. The ASPCA classifies tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Treat A. maritima as mildly toxic by genus association. Historically a medicinal herb; ingestion of large quantities causes GI upset and neurological effects in animals. |
| Seabeach sandwort | Honckenya peploides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Honckenya peploides is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and no harmful compounds have been identified. Shoots, leaves, and seeds are edible and have been used as food by coastal communities, supporting a pet-safe classification. |
| Seascape strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Seascape' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Strawberry, Fragaria spp.). Berries and leaves are safe; large quantities of foliage may cause mild stomach upset. Keep any slug pellets or fungicides used on the crop away from pets. |
| Seascape Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Seascape' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria × ananassa is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. All plant parts are safe, though excessive fruit consumption may cause soft stools in pets due to natural sugars and fibre. |
| stonecrop | Sedum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Most Sedum species are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. A handful of less-common species can cause mild GI upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Autumn Joy sedum | Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Most ornamental Sedum / Hylotelephium stonecrops, including this border type, are not flagged on the ASPCA toxic list and are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; treat any reported ingestion conservatively. |
| Matrona stonecrop | Hylotelephium 'Matrona' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ornamental Sedum / Hylotelephium stonecrops like 'Matrona' are not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database and are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; handle any large ingestion conservatively. |
| Baby burro's tail | Sedum burrito | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum burrito is part of the burro's tail group (Sedum morganianum), which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Confirmed pet-safe; as with any plant, eating large amounts of the fleshy leaves may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Tiscalatengo gorge sedum | Sedum clavatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum clavatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the closely related Sedum morganianum (burro's tail) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and Sedum is broadly regarded as a pet-safe genus. Treated as pet-safe; ingested leaves may still cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Corsican stonecrop | Sedum dasyphyllum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pet-safe. Sedum (stonecrop) is recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Sedum album appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list — and the genus poses no ingestion poisoning risk; large amounts of any plant may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Jelly bean sedum | Sedum hernandezii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum (stonecrop) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Eating a large quantity of the fleshy leaves may still cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Palmer's stonecrop | Sedum palmeri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum (stonecrop) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any plant, ingesting a large amount of leaf or stem material may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Iceberg stonecrop | Hylotelephium spectabile 'Iceberg' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Showy stonecrops (Sedum spectabile / Hylotelephium) are not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database and are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; manage any large ingestion conservatively. |
| Purple Emperor stonecrop | Hylotelephium telephium 'Purple Emperor' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orpine stonecrops (Sedum telephium / Hylotelephium) are not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database and are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; treat any large ingestion conservatively. |
| Sedum-leaf Medinilla | Medinilla sedifolia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Medinilla sedifolia is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family Melastomataceae has no documented toxic principle for cats or dogs, but the genus has not been formally assessed for pet safety. Apply precautionary caution and keep away from pets and children. |
| Geo plant | Geogenanthus poeppigii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Geogenanthus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the spiderwort family (Commelinaceae), and the ASPCA lists related Tradescantia as toxic, with sap that can cause dermatitis. Treat as mildly-toxic with caution and verify with a vet; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Seigen Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Seigen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Acer palmatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The genus member Acer rubrum (red maple) is toxic to horses, whereas A. palmatum is generally regarded as low-risk for cats and dogs but is not ASPCA-affirmed as safe. |
| Sekete's Restrepia | Restrepia seketii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Restrepia is a member of Orchidaceae, which ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Restrepia seketii is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family has no known toxic principle. |
| Rick Rack Cactus | Selenicereus anthonyanus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists night-blooming cereus (Selenicereus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any houseplant, chewing the fleshy stems may cause mild stomach upset, so it is still best kept out of a determined pet's reach. |
| Princess of the Night | Selenicereus pteranthus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists night-blooming cereus as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Note that the tough, sometimes spiny stems can still cause mechanical injury or mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed, so discourage nibbling. |
| Selfheal | Prunella vulgaris | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Prunella vulgaris is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses. It is widely used in veterinary herbal medicine and is regarded as safe for pets. As with any plant, bulk ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sellow's Sinningia | Sinningia sellovii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia (Gloxinia group) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion of large amounts of plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Black Houseleek | Sempervivum 'Black' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Sempervivum / hens and chickens). A pet-safe genus; chewing may at most cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Commander Hay houseleek | Sempervivum 'Commander Hay' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe, so 'Commander Hay' poses no ingestion poisoning risk to pets; the sap may rarely irritate sensitive human skin. |
| Emerald Empress houseleek | Sempervivum 'Emerald Empress' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum, listed by the ASPCA as Hens and Chickens, is classified non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. ASPCA-confirmed pet-safe; eating large quantities of any plant may still cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Killer hens and chicks | Sempervivum 'Killer' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe, so 'Killer' poses no ingestion poisoning risk to pets; despite the cultivar name it is harmless to animals, and the sap only rarely irritates sensitive human skin. |
| Oddity hens and chicks | Sempervivum 'Oddity' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists 'Hens and Chickens' as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and houseleeks (Sempervivum) are widely regarded as non-toxic; note the ASPCA's 'Hens and Chickens' entry is botanically Echeveria elegans, and this Sempervivum cultivar is not individually listed under its own name. Considered pet-safe, with at most mild gastrointestinal upset if nibbled. |
| Pacific Blue Ice houseleek | Sempervivum 'Pacific Blue Ice' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe, so 'Pacific Blue Ice' poses no ingestion poisoning risk to pets; the sap may occasionally cause mild skin irritation in sensitive people. |
| Red Lion houseleek | Sempervivum 'Red Lion' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe, so 'Red Lion' poses no ingestion poisoning risk to pets; the sap can occasionally cause mild contact dermatitis in sensitive people. |
| Reinhard hens and chicks | Sempervivum 'Reinhard' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe, so this hybrid poses no ingestion poisoning risk to pets; the sap may rarely cause mild skin irritation in sensitive people. |
| Limestone houseleek | Sempervivum calcareum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe; sap may rarely cause mild contact dermatitis in sensitive people, but it poses no ingestion poisoning risk to pets. |
| Heuffel's houseleek | Sempervivum heuffelii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists 'Hens and Chickens' as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and houseleeks (Sempervivum) are widely regarded as non-toxic; note the ASPCA's 'Hens and Chickens' entry is botanically Echeveria elegans, and Sempervivum heuffelii is not individually listed under its own name. Considered pet-safe, with at most mild stomach upset if eaten. |
| Mountain houseleek | Sempervivum montanum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sempervivum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe; there is no ingestion poisoning risk to pets, though the sap can occasionally irritate sensitive human skin. |
| Natal Ivy | Senecio macroglossus | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Senecio is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Plants in this group contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and, with repeated or significant exposure, liver damage. Keep it well out of reach of pets and contact a vet or poison control if eaten. |
| Variegated Natal Ivy | Senecio macroglossus 'Variegatus' | houseplant | Toxic | Like all Senecio, this is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids; ingestion can cause vomiting and diarrhoea, and repeated or large exposure can damage the liver. Keep it out of reach of pets and seek veterinary advice if any is eaten. |
| Wild Date Palm | Phoenix reclinata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Phoenix is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (e.g. pygmy/dwarf date palm). Phoenix reclinata foliage and fruit are not poisonous, but the rigid spines on the lower leaflets can injure pets and the small date-like fruit pits pose a choking/obstruction risk if swallowed whole. |
| Senita Cactus | Lophocereus schottii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lophocereus schottii belongs to Cactaceae and has no known toxic principles listed by the ASPCA for dogs, cats, or horses. The sharp spines on younger stems and the coarse bristles of the pseudocephalium present a physical hazard to pets. |
| Sensation Mixed cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation Mixed' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The plant contains low levels of sesquiterpene lactones that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in very large quantities, but it is not considered poisonous. |
| Sensation Mixed cosmos | Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation Mixed' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos bipinnatus is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The plant has no known toxic principles. |
| Sensation Peace Lily | Spathiphyllum 'Sensation' | houseplant | Toxic | Contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides throughout all tissues. Ingestion by pets or humans causes immediate oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, swelling, and vomiting. ASPCA classifies Spathiphyllum as toxic to cats and dogs. The large leaf surface also poses a higher contact risk. |
| Sensitive Fern | Onoclea sensibilis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Onoclea sensibilis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not covered, so it cannot be labelled pet-safe. Some wild ferns contain compounds that are harmful to grazing animals, so treat with caution: keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingested, as effects in cats and dogs are not well characterised. |
| Adpressa redwood | Sequoia sempervirens 'Adpressa' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sequoia sempervirens is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and secondary sources conflict on its safety. Without an authoritative ASPCA listing its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet eats any part. |
| Seravshan Hyssop | Hyssopus seravschanicus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hyssopus officinalis is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Hyssopus seravschanicus belongs to the same Lamiaceae genus and has no reported toxic principles. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but genus-level evidence supports a pet-safe designation. The volatile oils that make hyssop mildly stimulating to humans are generally well-tolerated by pets in normal garden exposure. |
| Serbian spruce | Picea omorika | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea (spruce) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No systemic toxicity is documented, but ingested needles and sap can cause mouth and stomach irritation, drooling, vomiting or diarrhoea, and sharp needles pose a GI-puncture risk. |
| weeping Serbian spruce | Picea omorika 'Pendula' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea (spruce) is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No systemic poisoning is documented, but chewed needles and sap may irritate the mouth and gut, causing drooling, vomiting or diarrhoea, and the firm needles can cause physical GI irritation. |
| tree of a thousand stars | Serissa japonica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Serissa (snowrose, Serissa japonica) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. As with any plant, eating large amounts of foliage may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset, but it carries no recognised toxic principle and is considered pet-safe per ASPCA classification. |
| Serpens wax plant | Hoya serpens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya serpens is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the Hoya genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya carnosa (wax plant) and Hoya kerrii (sweetheart hoya) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no Hoya species flagged as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe; still, verify with your vet, as nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Serra Bromeliad | Bromelia Serra | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bromelia serra is listed by Plants for a Future (PFAF) as having no known hazards, and no toxic principles have been reported in published horticultural literature. However, the genus is not individually assessed by the ASPCA and some Bromelia species contain calcium oxalate crystals or saponins that may cause transient oral irritation. The long, sharply spined leaves present a clear physical hazard to pets and children. |
| serrano pepper | Capsicum annuum 'Serrano' | edible | Mildly toxic | Edible Capsicum annuum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its capsaicin is an irritant: chewing pods or leaves causes mouth and stomach burning, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea in cats and dogs. The ASPCA-listed toxic 'ornamental pepper' is the unrelated Solanum pseudocapsicum, not this culinary chilli. Keep plants and pods away from pets and verify concerns with a vet. |
| Serrated Enkianthus | Enkianthus serrulatus | flowering | Toxic | Enkianthus serrulatus belongs to the Ericaceae family and contains grayanotoxins throughout all plant parts. In dogs and cats, ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, weakness, and CNS depression. Veterinary attention should be sought immediately after suspected ingestion. |
| serviceberry | Amelanchier lamarckii | edible | Mildly toxic | Amelanchier is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe berries are widely eaten by people, but seeds of many rose-family fruits contain trace cyanogenic compounds, so discourage pets from chewing large quantities of leaves or seeds. |
| Sesse's Sage | Salvia sessei | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia sessei is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Given the absence of individual species assessment and the species' unusual chemical profile as a large-leaved Mexican woodland sage, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Sessile Bellwort | Uvularia sessilifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Uvularia sessilifolia (Colchicaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles have been reported for Uvularia in dogs, cats, or horses. While in the Colchicaceae family (which includes toxic Colchicum), Uvularia is a distinct genus with no established toxicity record. |
| Sessile Elatostema | Elatostema sessile | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Elatostema sessile is a member of the Urticaceae family, which contains no known toxic principles for companion animals. The genus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no alkaloids, irritant saps, or other toxic compounds have been documented for this species or its close relatives. Stinging hairs are absent in Elatostema. |
| Sessile Oak | Quercus petraea | flowering | Mildly toxic | All parts of Quercus species — especially young leaves and acorns — contain tannins and gallic acid that are toxic to horses, cattle, sheep, and dogs if ingested in quantity. Toxicity causes gastrointestinal upset and, in large amounts, kidney damage. ASPCA lists Quercus (oak) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Keep pets and livestock away from fallen acorns. |
| Sessile-leaf tick trefoil | Desmodium sessilifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Desmodium sessilifolium is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; the primary concern for pets is the sticky barbed loment seed pods that adhere to fur and can cause matting or skin irritation. |
| Sessile-leaved Bellwort | Uvularia sessilifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Uvularia sessilifolia belongs to the Colchicaceae family. All parts of the plant are reported to contain toxic compounds; at least one horticultural source states it is toxic if ingested and recommends keeping it away from pets and children. The ASPCA does not list this species in its published database. In the absence of a confirmed non-toxic ASPCA listing, mildly-toxic classification is applied. Symptoms of ingestion may include gastrointestinal upset. |
| Seville orange | Citrus aurantium | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Citrus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Citrus aurantium is also the primary source of synephrine and is high in psoralens, which cause photosensitive skin reactions. Foliage, rind, and essential oil are the most concentrated parts; the bitter flesh is rarely ingested in quantity. |
| Seville orange | Citrus × aurantium | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Orange (Citrus species, including bitter/sour orange) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens in the peel, leaves, and stems, causing vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and potential dermatitis. The fruit is used by people for marmalade, but keep pets from chewing foliage or peel. |
| Sexy Pink Heliconia | Heliconia chartacea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia chartacea is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle is documented for this genus. Ingestion of plant parts may produce mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, drooling) in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. |
| Sexy Rexy | Rosa 'Sexy Rexy' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosa species are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thorns are the only practical hazard, so discourage chewing of canes. |
| Seyrig's Caudex Vine | Nymphostemma seyrigii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Nymphostemma seyrigii belongs to Apocynaceae (subfamily Asclepiadoideae). This family frequently contains cardiac glycosides and cardenolides. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat it as potentially toxic to pets and humans and keep it out of reach as a precaution. |
| Shadow Adromischus | Adromischus umbraticola | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adromischus umbraticola is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Adromischus (Crassulaceae) has no known toxic principles reported. Treat with standard caution and consult a vet if a pet ingests any plant material. |
| Shadscale saltbush | Atriplex confertifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No confirmed toxins are recorded for Atriplex confertifolia, and the genus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. Fresh foliage contains oxalates and saponins that can cause mild mouth irritation if chewed, so large amounts should not be consumed. |
| Shady Sage | Salvia umbratica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The plant itself is considered safe; only concentrated essential oils from sage carry any concern. |
| shagbark hickory | Carya ovata | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Shagbark hickory and the Carya genus are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, so the tree and foliage pose no poisoning risk. The nuts, however, are not a safe pet treat: like other Carya/Juglans relatives they can develop aflatoxin and tremorgenic moulds (causing vomiting, tremors or seizures), the hard shells and large size risk choking or intestinal blockage, and the high fat can cause pancreatitis. Keep fallen nuts away from pets. |
| Shagbark manzanita | Arctostaphylos tomentosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Arctostaphylos (manzanita) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The berries have a long history of use in Native American food traditions. No toxic principle is known for dogs or cats; the genus is not individually ASPCA-listed but has no reported toxic principle. |
| Shaggy Shield Fern | Dryopteris cycadina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris cycadina is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Dryopteris is not covered, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe. Treat with caution, as toxicity to cats and dogs is uncharacterised: keep out of reach and consult a vet if a pet ingests it, since some wild ferns affect grazing animals. |
| Shaggy Wood Fern | Dryopteris cycadina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dryopteris species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; the genus is generally considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Shahtoot Mulberry | Morus macroura | edible | Mildly toxic | Ripe Shahtoot fruits are widely and safely consumed by humans. The milky latex sap in unripe fruit, leaves, and stems is a mild irritant that may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. ASPCA does not individually list Morus macroura; based on Morus genus characteristics, unripe fruit and latex-containing plant parts should be treated as mildly toxic to pets out of caution. Consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Shallon | Gaultheria shallon | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaultheria shallon is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database. The ripe berries are edible and used by indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest, and no severe toxicity to pets has been widely documented. However, as with many Ericaceae, large ingestion of leaves or unripe fruit may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Exercise caution and consult a vet if a pet eats a significant quantity. |
| French shallot | Allium cepa var. aggregatum | edible | Toxic | Shallots belong to Allium cepa, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle, N-propyl disulfide, damages red blood cells and causes Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia. Signs include vomiting, weakness, elevated heart rate, panting, and blood in the urine; every part is toxic whether raw, cooked, or dried. |
| Shampoo Ginger | Zingiber zerumbet | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zingiber species belong to family Zingiberaceae, which the ASPCA considers non-toxic to cats and dogs. True gingers have no identified toxic principle for pets. Zingiber zerumbet is not individually listed by ASPCA but the family is confirmed non-toxic; as with any plant, large consumption could cause mild digestive upset. |
| Shand's Gibbaeum | Gibbaeum shandii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gibbaeum belongs to the family Aizoaceae. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Aizoaceae mesembs (including related genera such as Lithops) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. No toxic principles have been reported for Gibbaeum in veterinary or horticultural literature. |
| Shark Teeth Venus flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Shark Teeth' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Dionaea muscipula (Venus fly trap) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are known in this species. |
| Sharp-fruited Abutilon | Abutilon oxycarpum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abutilon is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs and is considered non-toxic; ingestion of large amounts of plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sharp-leaf Columnea | Columnea arguta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Columnea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No known toxic compounds are present; ingestion of large quantities may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sharp-leaf wax plant | Hoya oxyphylla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya (wax plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya oxyphylla is not individually listed, but the genus is broadly considered non-toxic; consuming large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| Sharp-lobed begonia | Begonia oxyloba | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; the highest concentrations are in the underground roots and rhizomes. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning and tingling of the mouth and tongue, drooling, and vomiting in cats and dogs, and can cause kidney failure in grazing animals. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Sharp-lobed Hepatica | Hepatica acutiloba | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Ranunculaceae member, H. acutiloba contains protoanemonin, which can irritate mucous membranes and cause mild GI upset if ingested. Not individually listed by ASPCA; handle with care and keep away from pets and children. |
| Sharp-Lobed Shield Fern | Polystichum setiferum 'Acutilobum' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum (shield ferns) are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. True ferns in the Dryopteridaceae family do not produce calcium oxalate crystals or toxic glycosides. Not individually listed by ASPCA but the genus has no known toxic principle and is widely regarded as safe around pets. |
| Sharp-tipped Lepanthes | Lepanthes mucronata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Member of Orchidaceae; the family has no known toxic principle. Lepanthes mucronata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA confirms orchids broadly are non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds have been reported in the Lepanthes genus. |
| Shasta daisy | Leucanthemum x superbum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists daisies (Leucanthemum / Chrysanthemum family) as toxic to dogs and cats. Toxic principles include sesquiterpene lactones, pyrethrins, and other Asteraceae-family compounds that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, and skin irritation. Toxicity is mild to moderate; clinical signs are rarely severe. |
| Sheep laurel | Kalmia angustifolia | flowering | Toxic | All parts of the plant are highly toxic — one of the most poisonous native North American shrubs. Contains andromedotoxin (grayanotoxin), which disrupts sodium channels. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, livestock (historically caused mass sheep deaths), and humans. As little as 0.15% body weight of foliage is lethal to sheep. Never ingest any part of this plant. |
| sheep's fescue | Festuca ovina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca ovina is not listed as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses by the ASPCA. It is a safe pasture grass for livestock and pets. The narrow, stiff leaves may cause mild mechanical irritation if eaten in very large quantities but no toxic principles are present in this species. |
| Sheerwater Seedling rowan | Sorbus aucuparia 'Sheerwater Seedling' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sorbus aucuparia is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. Raw berries contain parasorbic acid and sorbic acid precursors that cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets and humans if eaten in quantity; cooking destroys these compounds. Berries are not considered seriously toxic but should not be encouraged as a food source for pets. |
| shellbark hickory | Carya laciniosa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Shellbark hickory belongs to the Carya genus, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (shagbark hickory is individually confirmed non-toxic), so the tree and foliage are not a poisoning hazard. The very large nuts are not a safe pet treat, though: they can grow aflatoxin and tremorgenic moulds (causing vomiting, tremors or seizures), pose a serious choking or blockage risk given their size and hard shells, and are high in fat (pancreatitis risk). Remove fallen nuts. |
| shenandoah switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Shenandoah' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Panicum virgatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confirmed pet-safe status cannot be asserted. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; switchgrass can cause photosensitisation and liver issues in grazing livestock (horses, sheep, goats), so heavy ingestion by pets is best avoided. |
| Shenandoah Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum 'Shenandoah' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Panicum virgatum is a native North American grass in the family Poaceae. Switchgrass is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and has no known toxic compounds for dogs or cats. It is a standard component of wildlife and pollinator gardens. |
| Sheridan Spire Dawn Redwood | Metasequoia glyptostroboides 'Sheridan Spire' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Metasequoia glyptostroboides is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for the genus; foliage, cones, and bark are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| shield sundew | Drosera peltata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. D. peltata shares the same safe profile — the leaf mucilage is a passive insect trap and contains no compounds known to harm pets. |
| Shimpaku Juniper | Juniperus chinensis 'Shimpaku' | flowering | Toxic | Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis) appears on the ASPCA toxic plant list; junipers contain volatile oils that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal upset, and the needle-like foliage poses a choking and irritation risk. Keep away from cats and dogs and contact a vet if ingested. |
| Shingle Monstera | Monstera dubia | tropical | Toxic | Monstera dubia is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic-plant database, but its genus is not clean: the only ASPCA-listed Monstera, M. deliciosa (Swiss Cheese Plant), is classed as toxic to dogs and cats from insoluble calcium oxalates. As a same-family aroid (Araceae) sharing those crystals, treat it as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before exposing pets. |
| Shingle Oak | Quercus imbricaria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Shingle Oak contains tannins and gallic acid in its acorns and foliage, as do all Quercus species. ASPCA lists Quercus (oak) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion of leaves or acorns — particularly in quantity — causes vomiting, diarrhea, and potential kidney injury. The winter-persistent marcescent leaves also remain a risk for browsing livestock when fresh foliage is absent. |
| Shingle plant | Rhaphidophora hayi | tropical | Toxic | Rhaphidophora hayi is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and the genus Rhaphidophora has no listed members there, so it is treated conservatively. As an aroid (Araceae) it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) in all plant parts, which can cause oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting if chewed; keep away from pets and verify with your vet. |
| Shingle plant hoya | Hoya imbricata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya imbricata is not individually listed in the ASPCA's plant database, but the genus is treated as clean: the ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) and Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with no Hoya species listed as toxic, so it is considered pet-safe — verify with your vet if unsure. The ASPCA files Hoya under the older family name Asclepiadaceae (modern taxonomy places it in Apocynaceae). As with all hoyas, cut stems can exude a milky latex sap that may mildly irritate the mouth or cause minor stomach upset if a pet chews a large amount. |
| Shining Bush | Peperomia pellucida | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Peperomia pellucida is also documented as an edible herb consumed by humans; no significant toxic principles are known. |
| Shining Cinquefoil | Potentilla nitida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potentilla nitida is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The Potentilla genus is not associated with any known toxic principles in companion animals. The species is considered non-toxic. As with all plants, ingestion of substantial quantities may cause transient gastrointestinal upset in pets, but no specific toxic hazard is documented for P. nitida. |
| Shining Cranesbill | Geranium lucidum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The ASPCA's 'Geranium' entry refers to Pelargonium, not hardy cranesbills. Geranium lucidum is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Shining fetterbush | Lyonia lucida | flowering | Toxic | Like all Lyonia species, L. lucida contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins) throughout leaves, stems, and flowers. These sodium-channel-disrupting compounds are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and other livestock, causing vomiting, drooling, bradycardia, hypotension, and weakness. The name 'fetterbush' itself reflects the plant's ability to fetter or impair animals that browse it. Do not allow pets or grazing animals access. |
| Shining Fuchsia | Fuchsia fulgens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fuchsia triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Shining Mandevilla | Mandevilla splendens | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Shining Nidularium | Nidularium fulgens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nidularium fulgens is in Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This species is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principle is known for Nidularium and ASPCA bromeliad guidance supports a pet-safe classification. |
| Shining Pondweed | Potamogeton lucens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potamogeton lucens is not listed by ASPCA as toxic. The genus has no known toxic principles; pondweed is consumed by waterfowl, fish, and wildlife without reported harm. Considered safe around pets and fish. |
| Shining Sinningia | Sinningia micans | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. S. micans is not individually listed in the ASPCA database; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution pending species-level verification. |
| shining sundew | Drosera nitidula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera species are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Drosera nitidula poses no known toxic risk to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Shining Temple Bells | Smithiantha fulgida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Smithiantha fulgida (a cultivated synonym of S. cinnabarina per Kew) is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. The Gesneriaceae family has no widely reported toxic principle, and relatives including Nematanthus spp. are confirmed ASPCA non-toxic. However, with no individual entry confirmed, keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Shining thyme | Thymus nitidus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Thymus (thyme) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Thymus nitidus as a Thymus species shares no known toxic principles; ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation but is not considered dangerous. |
| Shining-Leaf Begonia | Begonia nitida | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs. Soluble calcium oxalates are the toxic principle (highest in roots/tubers). Signs of ingestion include oral pain, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Shinseiki Asian pear | Pyrus pyrifolia 'Shinseiki' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus pyrifolia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Fruit flesh is safe. Seeds contain trace amygdalin; do not feed seeds to pets intentionally, but incidental ingestion of a few seeds is unlikely to cause harm. |
| Shiny Catopsis | Catopsis nitida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Catopsis nitida is a member of the Bromeliaceae family, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are documented for the Catopsis genus or this species. As the leaves are smooth and relatively soft-edged for a bromeliad, there is minimal physical hazard to pets. |
| Shiny Thyme | Thymus nitidus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Thymus nitidus belongs to the same genus as culinary thyme and shares its safety profile. No toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| shiso | Perilla frutescens var. crispa | herb | Mildly toxic | Perilla frutescens is not clearly verifiable on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and the species is a documented livestock toxin: it contains perilla ketone, which causes acute respiratory distress (atypical interstitial pneumonia) in cattle and horses. For cats and dogs status is uncertain; treat with caution, limit access, and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Shiso | Perilla frutescens | herb | Mildly toxic | Perilla frutescens is NOT individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no other Perilla species is ASPCA-listed, so there is no "clean genus" basis to call it pet-safe. The plant contains perilla ketone (concentrated in stems, flowers and seeds), a well-documented lung toxin that causes severe respiratory distress in grazing livestock; pet poison references report respiratory and gastrointestinal signs in dogs and cats. Treat it as mildly toxic, keep it away from pets and livestock, and consult your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Shoestring Fern | Vittaria lineata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vittaria is a true fern genus not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database; true ferns are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. As with any houseplant, ingestion may cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Kiyohime Japanese Maple | Acer palmatum 'Kiyohime' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Acer palmatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is not formally confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note the genus member Acer rubrum (red maple) is dangerously toxic to horses; A. palmatum is generally regarded as low-risk to cats and dogs but is not ASPCA-affirmed safe. |
| shooting star hoya | Hoya multiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya multiflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean — ASPCA-listed Hoya members such as Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa) and Sweetheart Hoya (Hoya kerrii) are all classed non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no Hoya listed as toxic. It is treated as pet-safe on that basis; verify with your vet, and note that eating any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Shore Juniper | Juniperus conferta | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus conferta contains aromatic volatile oils and resins typical of the genus that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by dogs or cats. ASPCA classifies junipers as mildly toxic to pets. The species is not individually listed by ASPCA but is covered under the Juniperus genus advisory. Ingestion of berries or foliage may cause vomiting and drooling. |
| Shore Pine | Pinus contorta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True pines (Pinus spp.) are treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA, which lists representative pines such as Ponderosa Pine as non-toxic; note that ingested needles or sap can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Short-Frond Lady Fern | Athyrium brevifrons | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium brevifrons belongs to the family Athyriaceae, which has no documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. The genus Athyrium is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are reported for any Athyrium species, and related fern genera confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA include Nephrolepis and Asplenium. |
| Short-fronded Ceratozamia | Ceratozamia brevifrons | tropical | Toxic | As a cycad, Ceratozamia brevifrons contains cycasin (methylazoxymethanol), a potent hepatotoxin and neurotoxin. All parts, especially seeds, are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. Even small quantities can cause irreversible liver failure. Contact a vet or poison control immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Short-horned sundew | Drosera brevicornis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Drosera species are not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; they contain plumbagin (a 1,4-naphthoquinone) which can cause gastrointestinal irritation. Classify as mildly-toxic for cats and dogs until an authoritative non-toxic listing is confirmed — consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Short-leaved aloe | Aloe brevifolia | houseplant | Toxic | Aloe is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinones; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, diarrhoea, and occasionally red-tinged urine. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Short-leaved Deuterocohnia | Deuterocohnia brevifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Bromeliaceae as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are documented for Deuterocohnia brevifolia. The sharp leaf tips of individual rosettes may cause minor skin pricks if handled carelessly. |
| Short-Sepalled Lewisia | Lewisia brachycalyx | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lewisia is not listed by the ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant database. No toxic principle has been documented for this genus, but in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Short-stalk Columnea | Columnea brevipedicellata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Columnea as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified; ingestion may cause minor gastrointestinal upset at most. |
| Short-stemmed Monanthes | Monanthes brachycaulos | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Monanthes belongs to Crassulaceae. Like most jade-type Crassulaceae, it is not individually listed by ASPCA, but several genera in this family (Crassula, Kalanchoe) are noted as toxic to dogs and cats. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Short-Stemmed Monanthes | Monanthes brachycaulon | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Monanthes brachycaulon is a Crassulaceae member from Macaronesia and is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been reported for the Monanthes genus. Unlike Kalanchoe and Crassula (toxic Crassulaceae), Monanthes is not associated with pet toxicity and is considered low-risk. |
| Short-stemmed Restrepia | Restrepia brachypus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids (Orchidaceae) are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Restrepia brachypus is not individually listed, but the genus is not known to contain toxic compounds. |
| Short-winged wax plant | Hoya brevialata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Hoya genus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no harmful toxic principles are identified. Ingestion of plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive pets. |
| Showy autumn crocus | Colchicum speciosum | flowering | Toxic | Colchicum speciosum contains very high concentrations of colchicine and related Colchicum alkaloids throughout the entire plant — corm, flowers, leaves, and seeds. The ASPCA lists Colchicum (Meadow Saffron / Autumn Crocus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Symptoms of ingestion include bloody vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory failure, kidney and liver damage, bone marrow suppression, and cardiovascular collapse, which can be fatal. There is no antidote. Seek emergency veterinary treatment immediately if any ingestion is suspected. Wear gloves when handling corms as sap can irritate skin and eyes. |
| Showy Coelogyne | Coelogyne speciosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coelogyne is not individually listed by ASPCA, but orchids in the Orchidaceae family have no reported toxic principle and no documented cases of harm to cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe in line with the general non-toxic orchid classification. |
| showy corytoplectus | Corytoplectus speciosus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Corytoplectus belongs to the family Gesneriaceae. Gesneriads as a family are considered non-toxic by ASPCA; Corytoplectus is not individually listed, but no toxic principle has been reported for this genus. Safe alongside other gesneriad genera such as Streptocarpus and Sinningia. |
| Showy Cranesbill | Geranium × magnificum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance. This is distinct from Pelargonium, which the ASPCA classifies as mildly toxic. |
| showy goldenrod | Solidago speciosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Goldenrod (Solidago) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The poisonous 'rayless goldenrod' is the unrelated genus Isocoma, a horse and livestock hazard, not this true Solidago. Eating large quantities of any plant can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Showy Japanese Lily | Lilium speciosum | flowering | Toxic | Severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed, genus Lilium). All plant parts — leaves, petals, pollen, and stems — cause acute kidney failure in cats, often fatal if untreated within 24–72 hours. Also toxic to dogs in significant quantities. Never grow where cats have access. |
| Showy Laelia | Laelia speciosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Laelia speciosa belongs to Orchidaceae, a family with no known toxic principle. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but orchids broadly are recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Showy Medinilla | Medinilla speciosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Medinilla speciosa is not individually listed by ASPCA. The family Melastomataceae has no documented toxic principle toxic to cats or dogs, but the plant has not been formally assessed for pet safety. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| showy milkweed | Asclepias speciosa | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The milky sap contains cardenolides (cardiac glycosides) and, in some species, neurotoxins; signs include vomiting, profound weakness, depression, dilated pupils, seizures, and in severe cases cardiac or respiratory failure. Keep pets and livestock from grazing it. |
| Showy mountain ash | Sorbus decora | edible | Mildly toxic | Raw berries contain parasorbic acid, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal irritation in pets and humans when consumed in significant quantities. Cooking or frost neutralises this compound. ASPCA does not specifically list Sorbus decora; treat raw fruit as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Showy Sinningia | Sinningia conspicua | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs; Sinningia conspicua belongs to the same genus and family with no known toxic principles recorded. |
| Showy Stonecrop | Hylotelephium spectabile | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hylotelephium spectabile is not individually listed by ASPCA. The plant contains alkaloids (sedine, sedamine) associated with the broader sedum/stonecrop complex that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by dogs or cats. Keep away from pets as a precaution; not considered severely toxic. |
| Showy tick trefoil | Desmodium canadense | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Desmodium canadense is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs; the primary animal-related concern is the sticky seed pods (loments) adhering to fur, which can cause matting and skin irritation if not removed promptly. |
| Shrimp plant | Justicia brandegeeana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Justicia brandegeeana is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and the genus Justicia (Acanthaceae) has no ASPCA-listed members, so its safety is not formally established. (Note: the ASPCA's "Shrimp Cactus" entry is a different plant, Schlumbergera russelliana, not this species.) No toxic principle is documented, but as an unverified plant treat it as mildly toxic, prevent nibbling, and verify with your vet before trusting it around pets. |
| Shrimp Plant | Justicia brandegeeana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA does not list Justicia brandegeeana on its toxic plant database, and multiple veterinary plant-safety resources confirm it is non-toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion of large quantities may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset due to plant fibre. |
| Shrubby Adenia | Adenia fruticosa | houseplant | Toxic | All parts of Adenia fruticosa are poisonous. The species name alludes to its shrubby nature but its Zulu/Afrikaans folk names reference poison ('gifboom'). The Adenia genus contains cyanogenic glycosides and modeccin (ribosome-inactivating proteins); ingestion is dangerous for pets and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but genus-level and phytochemical toxicity is well-established. Handle with gloves; keep away from children and pets. |
| Shrubby Indian Mallow | Abutilon fruticosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abutilon is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs and is considered non-toxic; ingestion of plant material in large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Shrubby Nemesia | Nemesia fruticans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nemesia fruticans is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no toxic principles are documented for this genus, but the mildly-toxic classification is applied due to the absence of a confirmed non-toxic listing. |
| Shrubby Seablite | Suaeda vera | edible | Mildly toxic | Suaeda vera is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database for cats or dogs. Young leaves are edible by humans, but the high sodium chloride concentration in the leaves poses a risk of salt poisoning in pets if eaten in quantity. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; consult a vet promptly if a cat or dog consumes the foliage. |
| Rose of Sharon | Hypericum calycinum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists St. John's Wort (Hypericum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; H. calycinum belongs to the same genus. The toxic principle is hypericin, which causes photosensitisation, leading to ulcerative and exudative dermatitis on light-skinned or exposed areas after ingestion. Contact with the flowers can also cause dermatitis. |
| Shrubby St. John's Wort | Hypericum prolificum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hypericum species contain hypericin and pseudohypericin, which can cause photosensitisation in livestock, particularly in light-coloured animals. ASPCA does not individually list Hypericum prolificum, but the genus is considered mildly toxic to pets if ingested in quantity; ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, or lethargy. Keep pets from grazing on foliage. |
| Siamese Sago Palm | Cycas siamensis | tropical | Toxic | SEVERELY TOXIC — all parts of Cycas siamensis contain cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glycoside), which causes vomiting, diarrhoea, liver failure, and potentially fatal neurotoxic effects in dogs, cats, and humans. The Cycas genus is listed by ASPCA as causing liver failure. Seeds are the most concentrated source of toxin. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency immediately. |
| Siberian Carpet Cypress | Microbiota decussata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Microbiota decussata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a conifer producing resinous compounds, ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats or dogs. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution pending a confirmed ASPCA listing. |
| Siberian dogwood | Cornus alba 'Sibirica' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cornus alba 'Sibirica' is not listed individually by ASPCA. As with the species, berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if ingested. Not confirmed pet-safe; prevent pets from consuming the fruit. |
| Siberian Elm Bonsai | Ulmus pumila | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ulmus pumila is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no genus-level ASPCA ruling exists for elms. Do not assume it is pet-safe; treat it as uncertain, discourage pets from chewing the foliage, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Siberian Fir | Abies sibirica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies sibirica is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Abies genus has no known toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. The essential oils derived from Siberian Fir are used medicinally in humans; ingestion of needles or bark in large quantities by pets may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Siberian Ginseng | Eleutherococcus senticosus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eleutherococcus senticosus is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. The genus and Araliaceae family (same family as Schefflera) do not carry a well-established severe toxic principle for companion animals at typical garden-contact levels. No significant toxicity reports exist for this species in veterinary literature. As with any medicinal herb, ingestion of large quantities is inadvisable. |
| Siberian Iris | Iris sibirica | flowering | Toxic | Iris sibirica is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (ASPCA). The toxic compounds are pentacyclic terpenoids (zeorin, missourin, missouriensin), with the highest concentration in the rhizomes. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea. Wear gloves when handling; wash hands after contact with sap. |
| Siberian Lady Fern | Diplazium sibiricum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Diplazium sibiricum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle; related Diplazium and Athyrium species are generally considered non-toxic, but because this species lacks an individual ASPCA listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Siberian Larch | Larix sibirica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix species are not listed by the ASPCA as toxic. No toxic principles are documented for the genus; needles and bark are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Siberian larkspur | Delphinium grandiflorum | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Delphinium grandiflorum contain toxic diterpene alkaloids. The species is listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA and USDA Poisonous Plant Research. Ingestion causes burning of lips, muscular weakness, paralysis of the respiratory system, convulsions, and can be fatal. Keep away from children and all pets. |
| Siberian Mountain Heath | Bryanthus gmelinii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Bryanthus gmelinii is not listed individually on the ASPCA database. As an Ericaceae member closely related to genera known to contain grayanotoxins, it is classified as mildly toxic to cats and dogs on a precautionary basis. Do not allow pets to graze on it; contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Siberian pine | Pinus sibirica | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinus sibirica is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and Pinus species are not on the ASPCA toxic list for cats and dogs. The pine nuts are edible and non-toxic to pets, though large amounts of fatty nuts or needles can cause mild GI upset, and needles/sap may mildly irritate. Despite the 'cedar' nickname, it is a true pine, not the toxic sago 'palm' (Cycas). |
| Sibthorp's Everlasting | Helichrysum sibthorpii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum sibthorpii is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Aromatic helichrysums contain camphor and other terpenoids that may be irritating if ingested. Classified as mildly-toxic on precautionary grounds; seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Sichuan Cycad | Cycas szechuanensis | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Cycas szechuanensis contain cycasin and other azoxy glycosides, which are severely hepatotoxic and neurotoxic to dogs, cats, and humans. Ingestion of any part — particularly seeds — can cause acute liver failure and death. ASPCA classifies the entire Cycas genus as severely toxic to pets. |
| Sickle-leaved Hare's-ear | Bupleurum falcatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Bupleurum falcatum is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. While Cats Protection notes it as generally safe, the Apiaceae family contains toxic members and individual species toxicity data is limited. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| side oats grama | Bouteloua curtipendula | flowering | Mildly toxic | Bouteloua curtipendula is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, and the genus Bouteloua has no specific ASPCA entry, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a forage-type prairie grass the chief practical concern is mechanical irritation from seed awns, not documented chemical toxicity. |
| Sidebells Beardtongue | Penstemon secundiflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon secundiflorus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats, dogs, or horses. Some Penstemon species growing on selenium-rich western soils can accumulate selenium; excess selenium is harmful to pets and livestock. No severe acute toxicity is documented for garden settings, but the safety status cannot be confirmed. Contact a vet if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| Sidebells Penstemon | Penstemon secundiflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon is not individually listed by ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists. Some Penstemon species are facultative selenium accumulators on selenium-rich western soils; excessive selenium intake is harmful to pets and livestock. No severe acute toxicity is documented for garden exposure. Contact a vet if a pet ingests large quantities. |
| Sieber's Crocus | Crocus sieberi | flowering | Mildly toxic | True spring Crocus (Iridaceae) is listed by the Pet Poison Helpline as moderately toxic to dogs and cats, causing drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite if ingested. It is distinct from and far less dangerous than Colchicum ('autumn crocus', Colchicaceae), which causes severe organ failure. ASPCA does not individually list Crocus sieberi, but categorizes spring Crocus spp. as causing mild GI signs. |
| Siebold's magnolia | Magnolia sieboldii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Magnolia sieboldii belongs to the genus Magnolia, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are documented for this species. |
| Siebold's Wood Fern | Dryopteris sieboldii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dryopteris species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; the genus is generally considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Sierra Juniper | Juniperus occidentalis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus occidentalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, and the juniper genus has no blanket ASPCA listing, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with other junipers, the foliage, berries and aromatic oils may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed by pets. |
| Sierra laurel | Leucothoe davisiae | flowering | Toxic | As a Leucothoe species in the Ericaceae family, Sierra laurel contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), which are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, low blood pressure, and potentially dangerous cardiac effects. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Sierra Leucothoe | Leucothoe davisiae | flowering | Toxic | Leucothoe sp. are classified as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The toxic compound is grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), which disrupt normal cell membrane sodium-channel function. Signs of poisoning include hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, low blood pressure, bradycardia, cardiovascular collapse, coma, and potentially death. |
| signet marigold | Tagetes tenuifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Tagetes species as mildly toxic to dogs and cats due to thiophene compounds in the foliage. Despite the edibility of signet marigold flowers for humans, pets may experience mild gastrointestinal upset if they ingest the plant. Contact dermatitis is possible in sensitive individuals. |
| Signet marigold | Tagetes tenuifolia 'Lemon Gem' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Signet marigold is a true marigold (Tagetes, family Compositae), not the ASPCA-listed non-toxic 'Garden/Pot Marigold' (Calendula). Tagetes foliage contains phototoxic thiophenes and aromatic oils that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and skin/mouth irritation in cats and dogs; treat as mildly toxic. Petals are edible for people but keep pets from grazing the plant. |
| Sihong jujube | Ziziphus jujuba 'Sihong' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ziziphus jujuba is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ripe flesh is a culinary fruit, but the seeds/pits contain cyanogenic compounds and young wood carries spines; treat with caution, keep pets from chewing pits or foliage, and verify with a vet if seeds are ingested. |
| Sikkim Larch | Larix griffithii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix (larch) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for this genus in dogs, cats, or horses. The genus has no association with known plant toxins; considered non-toxic to pets. |
| silver feather grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Silberfeder' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its safety is treated as uncertain — verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. The main concern is mechanical: sharp-edged blades and seed awns can cut or lodge in pets, and grass ingestion may cause mild GI upset. |
| Silberlocke Korean Fir | Abies koreana 'Silberlocke' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Abies koreana is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Fir resin contains abietic acid and related compounds that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if needles are ingested by cats or dogs, and sharp needles pose a physical hazard. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Silk Floss Tree | Ceiba speciosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ceiba speciosa (Malvaceae, formerly Chorisia speciosa) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No significant toxic compounds are formally documented, but ingestion of seeds, floss, or foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets. The silky seed floss can be a physical hazard if ingested in quantity. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Silkworm Mulberry | Morus bombycis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Morus (mulberry) trees are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Ripe berries are safe for pets in moderation; very large quantities may cause mild digestive upset due to fibre content. Unripe fruit and white latex sap of some Morus species may cause mild GI irritation — supervise access. |
| Silky aster | Symphyotrichum sericeum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Symphyotrichum sericeum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Multiple aster genera (including China aster and giant aster in the Symphyotrichum/Asteraceae group) are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. While ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals, no toxic compounds have been identified. |
| Silky Lupine | Lupinus sericeus | flowering | Toxic | Lupinus sericeus is highly toxic, especially to livestock (sheep, cattle, horses), and is listed as toxic by ASPCA under the Lupinus genus. Quinolizidine alkaloids — including anagyrine — are responsible. Seed pods carry the greatest concentration. Companion animals should be kept away from seeds and pods. Symptoms include muscle tremors, difficulty breathing, and liver injury. |
| Silky Petrocosmea | Petrocosmea sericea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petrocosmea sericea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Gesneriaceae family has no known toxic principles, and no toxic compounds have been reported in the Petrocosmea genus. |
| Silky prairie clover | Dalea villosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dalea villosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Some Dalea species contain alkaloids and isoflavonoids whose pet toxicity has not been fully characterised; classified as mildly-toxic out of caution. Consult a vet if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| silky thread grass | Nasella tenuissima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nasella tenuissima (syn. Nassella tenuissima, formerly Stipa tenuissima) is not individually listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known in the Nasella/Nassella genus. Sharp seed awns can occasionally cause mechanical irritation or become lodged in pet fur or mouth tissues if chewed. |
| Silky wisteria | Wisteria brachybotrys | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Wisteria species, especially the seeds and seed pods, contain lectin (wisterin/wistarin) and are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans if ingested. ASPCA lists Wisteria as toxic to dogs and cats, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep pets and children away from fallen seeds and pods. |
| Silver Air Plant | Tillandsia argentea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia and Bromeliaceae as non-toxic to cats and dogs; T. argentea is considered non-toxic. The fine, sharp leaf tips can cause minor mechanical irritation if chewed. |
| Silver Ball Cactus | Parodia scopa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with several representative species listed as non-toxic; Parodia is not individually listed but belongs to this non-toxic family. The dense fine spines are a genuine mechanical risk to paws and mouths, and chewed tissue may cause mild GI upset. |
| Silver Ball Notocactus | Notocactus scopa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Notocactus (Parodia) scopa belongs to Cactaceae and is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic. The genus has no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. Physical injury from spines remains a hazard for curious pets. |
| Silver Brake Fern | Pteris argyraea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists 'Silver Table Fern' (Pteris quadriaurita) — a closely related Pteris species — as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Pteris argyraea belongs to the same genus and shares no reported toxic principles. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but genus-level evidence supports a pet-safe classification. |
| Thimble Cactus | Mammillaria gracilis 'Arizona Snowcap' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mammillaria does not appear on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and cacti (Cactaceae) are not regarded as systemically poisonous to cats or dogs. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so this is a family-level safe rating. The fine white spines, though soft-looking, still detach easily and embed in mouths and paws, so the real risk here is mechanical, not chemical. |
| Silver Crown | Cotyledon undulata | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon species contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (including orbicusides and cotyledontoxin) that cause cotyledonosis — a serious poisoning syndrome in livestock involving cardiac arrhythmia, muscle tremors, and paralysis. Cotyledon orbiculata is documented as toxic to dogs via cardiac glycoside ingestion (canine poisoning case reports exist). Cotyledon undulata shares the same genus and toxic compound class. Keep away from dogs, cats, horses, livestock, and children. |
| Silver Crown Cotyledon | Cotyledon orbiculata var. oblonga | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon orbiculata contains bufadienolides (cotyledontoxin), which are cardiotoxic compounds. The ASPCA lists Cotyledon orbiculata as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion can cause weakness, tremors, vomiting, and in severe cases cardiac effects. Keep well away from pets. |
| Silver Date Palm | Phoenix sylvestris | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phoenix sylvestris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; Phoenix palms as a genus are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, though the sharp leaf-tip spines pose a physical injury risk to pets and people. |
| Silver Jade | Crassula arborescens | houseplant | Toxic | Crassula species, including the jade plants, are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause vomiting, depression, lethargy, and incoordination. Place out of reach of pets and call a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center if ingestion is suspected. |
| Silver Dollar Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum peruvianum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum (maidenhair ferns) are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Adiantum peruvianum poses no known toxic risk to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| silver dragon lilyturf | Liriope spicata 'Silver Dragon' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the genus Liriope (Liriope muscari, common name Turf Lily) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and Liriope spicata shares the same benign Asparagaceae profile, so it is considered pet-safe. Eating large quantities of foliage may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset, as with any plant material. |
| Silver Fir | Abies alba | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies species are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and are widely regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Needle ingestion in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to physical irritation, but no toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Silver Goldfish Plant | Columnea argentea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Gold-Fish Plant (Columnea / Hypocyrta) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. C. argentea belongs to the same genus within the Gesneriaceae family. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. |
| silver goosefoot plant | Syngonium wendlandii | houseplant | Toxic | All Syngonium species contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and are listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion causes oral irritation, burning sensation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Silver Knight Heather | Calluna vulgaris 'Silver Knight' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris cultivars including 'Silver Knight' are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and have no known toxic principles affecting dogs or cats. |
| silver lace fern | Pteris ensiformis 'Evergemiensis' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not listed individually by the ASPCA under its species name, but the ASPCA lists the genus as "Silver Table Fern" (Pteris sp., family Pteridaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and every Pteris brake/table fern the ASPCA lists is non-toxic with none toxic. Do not confuse it with the toxic bracken fern (Pteridium), a different genus. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so verify with your vet if your pet is a known chewer. |
| Silver lady fern | Blechnum gibbum 'Silver Lady' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Treated conservatively as mildly toxic pending veterinary confirmation. Blechnum gibbum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and no member of its genus (Blechnum, family Blechnaceae) is listed at all, so there is no ASPCA basis to certify it pet-safe. The similarly named ASPCA "Silver Table Fern" is a different plant, Pteris sp. (family Pteridaceae), and does not apply here. Reassuringly, it is a true fern, true ferns carry no recognised toxic principle, and every true fern the ASPCA does evaluate (Boston, maidenhair, button and mother fern) is rated non-toxic; growers widely sell it as pet-friendly. Even so, until your own vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) confirms, keep fronds out of reach, as nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Silver Light Bergenia | Bergenia 'Silberlicht' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bergenia 'Silberlicht' (Saxifragaceae) is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Bergenia. Pollinator-friendly and safe in gardens where pets have access. |
| Silver Mediterranean Fan Palm | Chamaerops humilis var. argentea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chamaerops humilis is not individually listed by ASPCA, but it belongs to the Arecaceae palm family, which has no documented toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. It is not related to the toxic Cycas (sago palm). Most horticultural sources and veterinary guidance treat Chamaerops as pet-safe, though always consult your vet if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Silver Mound | Artemisia schmidtiana 'Nana' | flowering | Toxic | Artemisia (wormwood). The ASPCA lists Artemisia, including tarragon and wormwood, as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils and thujone, with vomiting, diarrhoea and, in large ingestions, more serious nervous-system effects. As an ornamental Artemisia, treat Silver Mound as toxic and keep pets from grazing it. |
| Silver Mullein | Verbascum bombyciferum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Verbascum bombyciferum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with other Verbascum species, the plant contains saponins; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and people. The dense silver hairs can also cause contact skin irritation. Exercise caution but it is not considered severely toxic. |
| Silver Pagoda Dogwood | Cornus alternifolia 'Argentea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cornus alternifolia and its cultivars are not prominently listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. The blue-black berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting) if consumed in quantity by pets or children, as is common with many berry-producing ornamentals. No severe toxicity is documented. As a precaution, monitor pets around ripening fruit in late summer. |
| Silver pink rock rose | Cistus × argenteus 'Silver Pink' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus × argenteus 'Silver Pink' is not recorded on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no documented toxic principles are known for this Cistus hybrid. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Silver Posie Thyme | Thymus vulgaris 'Silver Posie' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus vulgaris and its cultivars, including 'Silver Posie', are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Thyme is a standard culinary herb with no toxic principles at normal exposure levels. It is safe in the herb garden around pets. Very large quantities of thyme essential oil (concentrated form) may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but garden-level contact and typical culinary use are safe. |
| satin pothos | Scindapsus pictus | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Scindapsus pictus (satin pothos) as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Chewing can cause oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting. |
| Silver Queen thyme | Thymus x citriodorus 'Silver Queen' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thyme (Thymus species) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, so this garden thyme is safe for pets in its whole-plant form. Concentrated thyme essential oil is a far stronger extract and should not be applied to or ingested by pets. |
| Silver ragwort | Jacobaea maritima | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Senecio/Jacobaea species including ragwort as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are metabolised in the liver to reactive pyrroles causing hepatotoxicity. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, jaundice, and liver failure with chronic exposure. |
| Silver Ribbon Fern | Pteris parkeri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pteris (Silver Table Fern, Pteris sp.) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and Pteris parkeri belongs to that same genus, so it is considered pet-safe. As with any plant, large quantities of foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset in pets that gorge on it. |
| Silver Sage | Salvia argentea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in Salvia argentea. |
| Silver Shamrock | Oxalis adenophylla | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Oxalis/Shamrock Plant as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and in large quantities can lead to hypocalcaemia and kidney damage. |
| Silver Sheen Flame Violet | Episcia cupreata 'Silver Sheen' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Episcia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants). The entire Gesneriaceae family is considered pet-safe with no known toxic principles. |
| silver spike grass | Stipa calamagrostis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stipa/Achnatherum grasses are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA or Pet Poison Helpline. The genus has no reported toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. As with any grass, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Silver Spurflower | Plectranthus argentatus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Plectranthus argentatus is not individually assessed by ASPCA. Related species in the genus have variable safety profiles: P. verticillatus (Swedish ivy) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic, while P. scutellarioides (coleus) is listed as toxic due to essential oils. As the specific toxicity of P. argentatus is unconfirmed, treat as mildly toxic and prevent pets from ingesting any part of the plant. |
| Silver Star Bromeliad | Cryptanthus lacerdae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cryptanthus lacerdae is in Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The species is not individually ASPCA-listed, but no toxic principle has been identified in this genus, and ASPCA bromeliad guidance supports a pet-safe classification. |
| Silver Tansy | Tanacetum niveum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tanacetum niveum is not individually listed by the ASPCA but belongs to the Tanacetum genus, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic to dogs and cats. The plant likely contains sesquiterpene lactones and potentially pyrethrins, which can cause gastrointestinal upset, hypersalivation, and skin irritation. Treat as mildly toxic to pets as a precautionary measure. |
| silver thyme | Thymus vulgaris 'Silver Posie' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (common thyme, Thymus vulgaris). It is a safe culinary herb; concentrated thyme essential oil is a different matter, but the growing plant is not a poisoning risk. |
| Silver Tibouchina | Tibouchina heteromalla | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tibouchina heteromalla is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and the California Poison Control System includes Tibouchina spp. on its non-toxic plant list for humans, dogs, and cats. A mildly-toxic rating is used here due to the absence of a direct ASPCA species-level non-toxic listing. No toxic principle has been identified in the genus. Prevent pets from chewing the foliage as standard precaution. |
| Silver Torch Cactus | Cleistocactus strausii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (family Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with multiple representative species listed; Cleistocactus is not individually listed but belongs to this non-toxic family. The dense fine spines are a significant mechanical hazard to paws, mouths, and eyes, and ingested tissue may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Silver Vase Bromeliad | Aechmea fasciata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea fasciata is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and the NC State Extension database also confirms it is non-toxic. No toxic principles have been identified; the serrated leaf edges can cause minor physical scratches, but there is no systemic toxicity risk. |
| Silver Vine | Actinidia polygama | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Actinidia polygama is not individually listed as toxic by ASPCA. The plant is well-documented as strongly attractive to cats (nepetalactol compounds), but it is not considered toxic — the effect is euphoric, similar to catnip. No toxic principles are reported for dogs. However, prevent cats from over-consuming large amounts of plant material. |
| Silver-edged Primrose | Primula marginata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Primula marginata contains primin and other quinone compounds in its glandular hairs, which can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. The ASPCA lists primroses (Primula spp.) as potentially causing mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by dogs or cats. Not considered severely toxic but caution is advised, especially with the P. obconica group — P. marginata risk is lower but treat as mildly toxic. |
| Silver-leaf Sinningia | Sinningia argyrophylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa), the type species of this genus, as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified. The genus Sinningia as a whole is widely regarded as pet-safe. |
| Silverberry | Elaeagnus commutata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Elaeagnus commutata is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The berries are edible for humans and wildlife. No toxic principles have been identified in this species. |
| Silverbush | Convolvulus cneorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Convolvulus cneorum is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and multiple horticultural sources report no toxic effects. However, most ornamental Convolvulus contain alkaloids and the genus is related to plants known to cause gastrointestinal upset in livestock; because no explicit pet-safe confirmation from ASPCA exists, a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied. |
| silverleaf peperomia | Peperomia griseoargentea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The entire Peperomia genus is classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, with several species named individually on its non-toxic list. There is no recognised toxic principle; nibbling may cause only mild, transient stomach upset from plant matter. |
| Silvery Glade Fern | Athyrium thelypterioides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium (lady ferns) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True ferns of the Polypodiopsida class are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Athyrium thelypterioides is not associated with any known harmful effects in pets. |
| Silvery Lupine | Lupinus argenteus | flowering | Toxic | Lupinus argenteus is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidance on the Lupinus genus. Quinolizidine alkaloids (including anagyrine and lupinine) are present throughout the plant. Seeds and pods carry the highest concentration. Livestock poisoning (cattle, sheep, horses) is well documented. Symptoms in companion animals include vomiting, weakness, labored breathing, and liver stress. |
| Silvery Stelis | Stelis argentata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stelis belongs to Orchidaceae, a family with no known toxic principle. Stelis argentata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA confirms orchids broadly — including multiple named genera — are non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic compounds have been identified in the Stelis genus. |
| Silvery Yarrow | Achillea clavennae | flowering | Mildly toxic | Achillea species contain achilleine, sesquiterpene lactones, and volatile oils that can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by pets. ASPCA does not individually list Achillea clavennae but lists the genus Achillea (yarrow) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, increased urination, and potential dermatitis. Treat as mildly to moderately toxic to pets. |
| Simon Bamboo | Pleioblastus simonii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleioblastus simonii is a true bamboo in Poaceae. Bamboos are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or oxalates are associated with this genus. Safe for dogs and cats. |
| Simple-leaf astilbe | Astilbe simplicifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astilbe is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. The genus poses no known toxicity risk to pets or humans. |
| Simpson's Juttadinteria | Juttadinteria simpsonii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juttadinteria simpsonii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Aizoaceae and no toxic principles are documented in available sources. A cautious rating is applied as ASPCA has not formally confirmed non-toxicity for this genus. |
| Simulated Air Plant | Tillandsia simulata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to both cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified; mild gastrointestinal upset from eating plant fibre is possible but not a toxicity concern. |
| Sinaloa Sage | Salvia sinaloensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia sinaloensis is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. The ASPCA lists Salvia officinalis (common sage) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but individual data for S. sinaloensis is absent. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. Monitor pets for gastrointestinal signs if ingestion occurs and seek veterinary advice. |
| Singapore Plumeria | Plumeria obtusa | tropical | Toxic | All Plumeria species contain a toxic milky latex sap throughout the stems, leaves, and bark. Ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea in dogs, cats, and humans. The sap is also a skin and eye irritant. ASPCA lists Plumeria as toxic to dogs and cats. Keep away from pets and children; wear gloves when pruning. |
| Singapore Yellow Frangipani | Plumeria rubra 'Singapore Yellow' | tropical | Toxic | As a Plumeria rubra cultivar, 'Singapore Yellow' contains toxic milky sap (plumericin and related iridoids) throughout its stems, bark, and leaves. ASPCA classifies Plumeria as toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, and diarrhoea. The sap is also irritating to human skin and eyes. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets. |
| Single-flower Lipstick Plant | Aeschynanthus uniflorus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aeschynanthus (lipstick plant) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; ingestion may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Single-flowered bladderwort | Utricularia uniflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Utricularia uniflora is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle is known for this species or the Utricularia genus, but formal pet-safety data is absent. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. |
| Single-leaf begonia | Begonia unifolia | houseplant | Toxic | All Begonia species are classified as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing; the root and tuber portions are the most concentrated. |
| Single-leaf Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus monophyllus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No harmful compounds are documented for this genus. |
| single-leaf pinyon | Pinus monophylla | edible | Mildly toxic | Pinus monophylla is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The closest listed relative, Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), is ASPCA non-toxic to dogs and cats but toxic to horses and livestock. Treat the pine nuts as a human food and keep needles away from pets: needles are sharp and indigestible and can cause oral, throat and GI irritation or obstruction if chewed. Toxic to horses. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Duchess of York gloxinia | Sinningia 'Duchess of York' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Gloxinia / Sinningia speciosa). No toxic principle is recorded; the genus is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, though any plant material can cause mild stomach upset if a pet eats a large amount. |
| Empress Gloxinia | Sinningia speciosa 'Empress' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists Sinningia speciosa (gloxinia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a gesneriad related to the African violet, it carries no known toxic principle. While not expected to harm pets, eating any plant can cause mild, transient stomach upset, so casual nibbling is still best discouraged. |
| Miniature Sinningia | Sinningia 'Li'l Georgie' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia is covered by the ASPCA listing for Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. This gesneriad has no known toxic principle, though ingesting plant material can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Prudence Risley gloxinia | Sinningia 'Prudence Risley' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This is a Sinningia (gesneriad) hybrid; the genus is represented on the ASPCA non-toxic list by Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa), classified non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses with no toxic principles. Safe around pets, though eating any plant may cause mild stomach upset. |
| concinna sinningia | Sinningia concinna | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Gloxinia, Sinningia speciosa, family Gesneriaceae, also listed as non-toxic), and non-toxic to horses. Sinningia concinna is not individually named but shares the genus and family; no toxic principle is reported. |
| eumorpha sinningia | Sinningia eumorpha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Sinningia (gesneriad), it shares the family of ASPCA-listed Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa), classified non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses with no toxic principles. Safe around pets, though any plant may cause mild GI upset if eaten in quantity. |
| white sinningia | Sinningia tubiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sinningia is a gesneriad genus (the same family as ASPCA-listed Gloxinia, Sinningia speciosa, classified non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses with no toxic principles). Safe around pets, though nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| yellow toad lily | Tricyrtis macrantha subsp. macranthopsis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tricyrtis is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Toad lilies are NOT true lilies (Lilium) and do not carry the severe feline kidney-failure risk of Lilium or Hemerocallis — but this species is not confirmed pet-safe, so discourage chewing and seek veterinary advice if ingested. |
| Sintenis's rock rose | Cistus sintenisii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus sintenisii is not recorded in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no toxic principles have been identified for this species in veterinary literature. The precautionary classification of mildly-toxic is applied because the species is not formally confirmed as non-toxic; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| sioux blue indian grass | Sorghastrum nutans 'Sioux Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sorghastrum nutans and its cultivars, including 'Sioux Blue', are not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. This is a native forage grass with no known toxic principles. The cultivar differs from the species only in foliage colour; its toxicity profile is the same — non-toxic. |
| siskiyou blue fescue | Festuca idahoensis 'Siskiyou Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Festuca idahoensis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Ornamental and native fescues are generally regarded as non-toxic, but as the species is unverified, treat with caution: ingestion may cause mild GI upset. Endophyte-related fescue toxicosis is a grazing-livestock issue of tall fescue, distinct from this ornamental. Confirm with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Siskiyou Lewisia | Lewisia cotyledon | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lewisia is not listed by the ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant database. No documented toxic principle is known, and Montiaceae relatives (purslane family) are broadly edible, but absence from the ASPCA non-toxic list means pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Sissinghurst White lungwort | Pulmonaria officinalis 'Sissinghurst White' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet safety is unconfirmed; Pulmonaria contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and saponins (classes the ASPCA treats as toxic) and bristly leaf hairs can irritate skin. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Sitka Spruce | Picea sitchensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Picea sitchensis is explicitly listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. The sharp needles may cause mild GI discomfort if chewed or swallowed in quantity, but the plant contains no systemic toxic compounds. Considered pet-safe. |
| Six Hills Giant catmint | Nepeta x faassenii 'Six Hills Giant' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nepeta. The ASPCA lists catnip (Nepeta cataria), the closest listed relative, as toxic to cats; toxic principle nepetalactone, causing vomiting and diarrhoea plus sedation or excitation. This catmint carries the same aromatic oil, so treat as mildly toxic and consult a vet if a pet eats a large quantity. |
| Kew White Skimmia | Skimmia japonica 'Kew White' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Skimmia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus contains alkaloids and glycosides, and the white berries are considered harmful if eaten; ingestion may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests berries or foliage. |
| Rubella Skimmia | Skimmia japonica 'Rubella' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Skimmia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus contains alkaloids and glycosides, and the berries (absent on this male clone) are regarded as harmful if eaten; ingestion of plant parts may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet chews it. |
| Pabella Skimmia | Skimmia japonica 'Pabella' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Skimmia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus contains alkaloids and glycosides, and the red berries are regarded as harmful if eaten; ingestion may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests berries or foliage. |
| Temptation Skimmia | Skimmia japonica 'Temptation' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Skimmia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus contains alkaloids and glycosides, and the red berries are considered harmful if eaten; ingestion may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet eats berries or foliage. |
| Skinner's Cattleya | Cattleya skinneri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cattleya orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cattleya skinneri has no known toxic principles and is safe in homes with pets. |
| Skinner's Zamia | Zamia skinneri | tropical | Toxic | Zamia skinneri contains cycasin and macrozamin — azoxy glycosides present throughout all plant parts — which cause acute liver failure and neurological damage in dogs, cats, and are hazardous to humans. The ASPCA classifies the Zamia genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats. Seeds are the most concentrated source of toxin and must be kept away from children and pets. |
| Skinner's Achimenes | Achimenes skinneri | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Achimenes (Gesneriaceae) is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats; no toxic compounds are reported for the genus. A. skinneri is not individually listed by ASPCA. Ingestion of plant material may still cause mild GI discomfort in sensitive animals. |
| skirret | Sium sisarum | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Sium includes water-parsnips that can be toxic to livestock, so although the cultivated roots are a traditional human food, treat it as uncertain for pets and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| American skullcap | Scutellaria lateriflora | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is not flagged as toxic by major poison-control bodies and appears in some pet herbal products, but the lack of an ASPCA listing means safety cannot be confirmed; commercial 'skullcap' supplements have also been adulterated with hepatotoxic germander. Do not treat as confirmed pet-safe. |
| sky blue aster | Symphyotrichum oolentangiense | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Symphyotrichum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sky Lupine | Lupinus nanus | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the genus Lupinus, sky lupine is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidance. Quinolizidine alkaloids are present throughout the plant, concentrated in seeds and pods. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, lethargy, muscle tremors, and breathing difficulties. |
| Blushing Bride Air Plant | Tillandsia ionantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tillandsia and other bromeliads are not classified as toxic, so air plants are pet-safe; their small size still makes them a minor choking or gut-blockage hazard if a pet swallows one whole. |
| sky rocket fountain grass | Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Sky Rocket' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pennisetum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Skyracer moor grass | Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea 'Skyracer' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Molinia grasses are in the Poaceae family, which is non-toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA classification. No toxic compounds are associated with this cultivar or subspecies. |
| Skyrocket Juniper | Juniperus scopulorum 'Skyrocket' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and berries contain mildly irritant volatile oils that can cause vomiting or diarrhoea if eaten. Low overall risk, but not confirmed non-toxic. |
| Slack's sundew | Drosera slackii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA. D. slackii carries the same safe status — the sticky mucilage is a passive mechanical insect trap and has no documented toxic effects on mammals. |
| Slanted Air Plant | Tillandsia plagiotropica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. T. plagiotropica contains no known harmful compounds; the small size of the plant also limits the amount that could realistically be consumed. |
| Sleeping Beauty Cymbidium | Cymbidium 'Sleeping Beauty' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cymbidium orchids, including hybrid cultivars, are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. 'Sleeping Beauty' is a Cymbidium hybrid and carries no documented toxic compounds. |
| Slender Aubrieta | Aubrieta gracilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aubrieta gracilis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. It belongs to Brassicaceae (the cabbage family), which contains no documented toxic principle for this genus, but in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Slender begonia | Begonia gracilis | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Soluble calcium oxalates are the toxic principle, with the tuber being the most concentrated part; symptoms include oral burning, salivation, and vomiting. |
| slender ginger lily | Hedychium gracile | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hedychium coronarium and Hedychium gardnerianum as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; Hedychium gracile is a member of the same genus with no identified toxic principles, and is considered non-toxic. |
| slender goldfish plant | Columnea arguta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea is a Gesneriaceae gesneriad with no known toxic principles. The ASPCA individually lists the closely related gesneriad Episcia as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Columnea is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no documented toxic compounds; ingestion of large amounts of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Slender Iceplant | Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum (Aizoaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family has no known systemic toxic principles; related Aizoaceae genera such as Lampranthus are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to pets. Exercise normal supervision. |
| Reed Rhapis | Rhapis humilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the Lady Palm, Rhapis, appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list at genus level; Rhapis humilis is closely allied to the listed Rhapis excelsa). As with any houseplant, chewed foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| slender lipstick plant | Aeschynanthus gracilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aeschynanthus belongs to the family Gesneriaceae. The ASPCA lists the lipstick plant (Aeschynanthus radicans) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principles have been reported for any member of the genus. Safe to keep in homes with pets. |
| Slender Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum concinnum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Adiantum concinnum shares the same non-toxic profile and is safe for homes with cats and dogs. |
| Slender Silhouette Sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua 'Slender Silhouette' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Liquidambar styraciflua is not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA, but the spiky seed balls pose a physical hazard (oral injury, potential intestinal obstruction) if ingested by pets. The resinous sap can cause mild skin or gastrointestinal irritation. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution; consult a vet if significant plant material is consumed. |
| Slender Sonerila | Sonerila tenera | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sonerila tenera is in the family Melastomataceae, which has no known toxic principles. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus and family pose no reported toxicity risk to cats, dogs, or horses. Mild stomach upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| slender-leaved sundew | Drosera linearis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera (sundews) are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The digestive mucilage is a mild protein-dissolving enzyme that poses no systemic toxicity risk to pets or humans. |
| Slender-lined Living Stones | Lithops gracilidelineata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops gracilidelineata, like all Lithops, is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No harmful compounds are known in this genus. |
| Slender-stalked Billbergia | Billbergia leptopoda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Billbergia leptopoda is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; no toxic principles are recorded for the Billbergia genus. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild, transient GI irritation in pets, but the plant is not considered a poisoning risk. |
| Slim-leaved biarum | Biarum tenuifolium | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the Araceae (aroid) family, Biarum tenuifolium contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphide crystals throughout all its tissues. Ingestion causes immediate intense oral burning, hypersalivation, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and mucosal oedema in cats and dogs. The spathe and tuber are the most hazardous parts. Keep well out of reach of pets and children. |
| Slipper Flower | Calceolaria integrifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calceolaria integrifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. Multiple pet-safety resources cite the genus as non-toxic, but without direct ASPCA species-level confirmation it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| sloe | Prunus spinosa | edible | Toxic | Prunus spinosa belongs to the Prunus genus, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats and horses (under Cherry and Plum). The leaves, stems and seeds/kernels contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed; signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting and shock. The flesh is used by people, but pits and foliage are dangerous to pets. |
| Slow-bolt Cilantro | Coriandrum sativum 'Slow Bolt' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (Coriandrum sativum). Large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets, as with any plant material. |
| Slowmound Pine | Pinus mugo 'Slowmound' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus mugo is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the ASPCA lists Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) as non-toxic to dogs and cats (toxic only to horses), but this cultivar's status is not individually confirmed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sharp needles and resin can cause oral irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed. |
| Small Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus parviflorus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic compounds are known for this species. |
| Small cranberry | Vaccinium oxycoccos | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vaccinium oxycoccos (cranberry family) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The tart berries are edible for humans and the plant poses no known toxicity risk to cats or dogs. |
| Small Japanese silver grass | Miscanthus oligostachyus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus oligostachyus is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxicity reports exist, but specific safety data for this species is lacking. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if significant quantities are ingested by a pet. |
| Small Scabious | Scabiosa columbaria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Scabiosa columbaria is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database — the ASPCA entry titled 'Scabious/Pincushion Flower' refers to the unrelated Proteaceae genus Leucospermum, not Scabiosa. Because the safety status cannot be confirmed from the authoritative source, this plant is classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. It is not recorded as causing severe poisoning, but pet ingestion should be avoided pending specific veterinary confirmation. |
| Small Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum biflorum | flowering | Toxic | All plant parts, particularly the blue-black autumn berries, contain saponins, anthraquinone glycosides, and cardiotoxic heterosides. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain; berries pose the greatest hazard. Native Americans used cooked rhizomes as food, but the raw plant is toxic. Polygonatum biflorum is not individually listed by ASPCA but is documented as toxic to pets and humans in veterinary and horticultural literature. Keep berries away from children and pets. |
| Small Teasel | Dipsacus pilosus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dipsacus pilosus is not recorded in the ASPCA toxic plant database; no confirmed toxic principles for cats or dogs are documented. Spiny leaf margins can cause minor skin abrasion. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution, as confirmed non-toxic status has not been independently verified. |
| Small-flowered alumroot | Heuchera micrantha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heuchera species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No known toxic principles exist in this genus. |
| Small-flowered calibrachoa | Calibrachoa parviflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Calibrachoa parviflora is in the Solanaceae family, which contains alkaloids with potential to cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in pets if ingested. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family relationship warrants caution. Not considered severely toxic. |
| Small-flowered Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus micranthus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. |
| Small-Flowered Cranesbill | Geranium pusillum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA — the ASPCA entry for 'Geranium' refers to Pelargonium, not hardy cranesbills. Geranium pusillum is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Small-flowered Pickerelweed | Pontederia parviflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pontederia (Pickerelweed) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The small-flowered species shares the same genus and is considered non-toxic. |
| Small-flowered rock rose | Cistus parviflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus parviflorus is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database and no specific toxic compound has been confirmed for this species in veterinary literature. In the absence of explicit non-toxic confirmation, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied; monitor pets that have grazed on the plant and consult a vet if symptoms occur. |
| Small-leaf Lipstick Plant | Aeschynanthus parvifolius | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Aeschynanthus (lipstick plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; ingestion of plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Small-leaf peperomia | Peperomia parvifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle in the genus. Ingestion of plant material may produce mild, transient stomach upset due to fibre bulk alone, but the plant carries no toxin. |
| Small-leaved Fuchsia | Fuchsia microphylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (listed species: Fuchsia triphylla). No toxic principles are documented for the genus Fuchsia. The small berries produced by F. microphylla are similarly considered non-toxic. |
| Small-Leaved Lipstick Vine | Aeschynanthus parvifolius | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Aeschynanthus humilis (lipstick plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. A. parvifolius belongs to the same genus within the Gesneriaceae family, which has no known toxic principles. Considered safe in pet-friendly households. |
| Small-scaled Pink | Dianthus microlepis | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Dianthus species, it carries the ASPCA's mild toxicity designation applicable to the genus — dogs, cats, and horses may experience mild gastrointestinal upset or skin irritation if they chew or contact the plant. Not severely poisonous. |
| Small's Beardtongue | Penstemon smallii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Penstemon smallii is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) has no known toxic principles reported in veterinary or botanical toxicology literature. Safe around cats, dogs, and children; very large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Smelly Dorstenia | Dorstenia foetida | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dorstenia foetida is in the family Moraceae. The genus Dorstenia is not individually listed by ASPCA. Some Moraceae plants contain latex that can cause mild mucous-membrane irritation or gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Dorstenia foetida is not documented as seriously poisonous, but as its toxicity profile has not been fully characterised for companion animals, treat it as mildly toxic and keep it out of easy reach of pets and children. Wear gloves when handling freshly cut stems to avoid latex contact. |
| Smith's Fairybells | Disporum smithii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Disporum smithii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The berries have conflicting accounts of edibility — some indigenous groups ate them while others considered them mildly toxic. Related Disporum/Prosartes species have berries regarded as inedible or mildly unpleasant. Treat with caution around pets and children; the genus and family (Colchicaceae) have no confirmed severe toxin, but ingestion of berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Smoke Tree | Cotinus coggygria 'Royal Purple' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cotinus coggygria is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and there is no authoritative ASPCA non-toxic listing for it. Sap can contain urushiol-type compounds that may irritate skin, and ingestion may cause mild stomach upset. Treat as uncertain, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Smoky saskatoon | Amelanchier alnifolia 'Smoky' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amelanchier species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Berries are safe for human consumption and the genus has no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. Widely used as a native edible fruiting shrub across North America. |
| Smooth Arizona Cypress | Cupressus arizonica var. glabra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cupressus arizonica is not specifically listed by ASPCA. Cypress species generally have low toxicity profiles; however, the foliage, bark, and resin contain aromatic oils and terpenes that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, drooling) if ingested by dogs or cats in significant quantities. Not considered severely toxic. Contact a veterinarian if large quantities are consumed. |
| Smooth Beardtongue | Penstemon laevigatus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Penstemon laevigatus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Penstemons (family Plantaginaceae) have no known toxic principles in veterinary literature. Considered safe around pets and children; incidental ingestion is not a concern, though large amounts of any plant may cause mild digestive upset. |
| smooth blue aster | Symphyotrichum laeve | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Symphyotrichum as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Smooth cane begonia | Begonia glabra | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses via soluble calcium oxalates, causing oral burning, profuse salivation, and vomiting upon ingestion. |
| Smooth Cayenne pineapple | Ananas comosus 'Smooth Cayenne' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA lists pineapple among fruits safe to share with pets and the plant contains no poisonous compounds. Note the spiny leaf tips can cause physical injury and the bromelain enzyme in unripe fruit and sap may irritate the mouth, so supervise curious pets. |
| Smooth coneflower | Echinacea laevigata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea (coneflower) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No significant toxic principles have been identified; as with all plant material, ingestion of large quantities may cause transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Smooth cordgrass | Spartina alterniflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spartina alterniflora is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic plant; Spartina grasses in the Poaceae family are not associated with toxicity in cats or dogs. |
| Incrediball Hydrangea | Hydrangea arborescens 'Abetwo' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Hydrangea as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaves, buds and flowers contain cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion of significant amounts can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. |
| Smooth Oregano | Origanum laevigatum | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists oregano (Origanum vulgare) as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, caused by gastrointestinal irritant essential oils (carvacrol, thymol). Origanum laevigatum contains similar aromatic compounds and should be treated as mildly toxic, consistent with the genus-level ASPCA classification. Not individually listed by ASPCA. |
| Smooth oxeye | Heliopsis helianthoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Heliopsis helianthoides is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Smooth Phlox | Phlox glaberrima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phlox glaberrima is in the family Polemoniaceae. ASPCA lists Phlox subulata (moss phlox) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and no toxic principles have been identified in the Phlox genus. Considered pet-safe. |
| Smooth Solomon's seal | Polygonatum biflorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains steroidal saponins throughout; the ASPCA classifies closely related Polygonatum odoratum as mildly toxic to cats and dogs, with clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhoea, and drooling. Berries may additionally contain cardiotoxic compounds. Keep pets away from all plant parts. |
| Smooth Spiral Ginger | Costus laevis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus laevis is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. As a member of the Costus genus, which is known to contain steroidal saponins in various species, ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Smooth-leaf begonia | Begonia epipsila | houseplant | Toxic | All Begonia species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Begonia epipsila contains soluble calcium oxalates which cause oral irritation, excessive drooling, and vomiting; the highest concentrations are in the underground parts. |
| Smyrna quince | Cydonia oblonga 'Smyrna' | edible | Mildly toxic | Fruit flesh is safe to eat for humans and generally not listed as toxic to pets by the ASPCA. However, the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides (similar to apple seeds) that release hydrogen cyanide when chewed; seeds should always be removed before consumption. Not individually listed by ASPCA; treat as mildly hazardous if seeds are chewed by pets. |
| Four-Season Orchid | Cymbidium ensifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Cymbidium is an orchid genus in the Orchidaceae family, the same family the ASPCA clears for Phalaenopsis and other orchids, with no toxic principle. Chewing the grassy leaves or gritty mix can still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, so keep it out of pets' reach. |
| mother-in-law's tongue | Dracaena trifasciata | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Dracaena trifasciata as toxic to cats and dogs because of saponins. Ingestion can cause nausea, drooling and vomiting. Rarely serious but worth keeping out of reach. |
| Snake Vine | Hibbertia scandens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hibbertia scandens is not individually listed by ASPCA and is not a member of any widely documented toxic plant family. The Dilleniaceae family has no established toxic compounds reported in veterinary literature. However, as data is limited, ingestion by pets or children is discouraged. Treat with routine caution. |
| Snake-petal wax plant | Hoya ophiopetala | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Hoya (wax plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Hoya ophiopetala is not individually assessed by the ASPCA, but the genus is broadly regarded as non-toxic; mild digestive upset may occur if significant quantities are ingested. |
| Snake's head iris | Hermodactylus tuberosus | flowering | Toxic | Hermodactylus tuberosus is closely related to Iris and sits in the family Iridaceae. The ASPCA lists Iris species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with the toxic principles being pentacyclic terpenoids (irisin, iridin, and irisine), which are most concentrated in the rhizomes and tubers. Clinical signs include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea; skin irritation may also occur on contact with the sap. |
| Snap Ginger | Alpinia calcarata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia calcarata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Zingiberaceae family is not a recognised toxic plant group for cats or dogs. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. Classified here as mildly toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| sugar snap peas | Pisum sativum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pisum sativum is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe and palatable to dogs in moderation. |
| snap | Antirrhinum majus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Antirrhinum majus is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Azalea-flowered snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Madame Butterfly' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists garden snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this cultivar carries no recognised poisoning risk. As with any snapdragon, plants treated with systemic pesticides could harm a pet that chews on them. |
| Snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus 'Rocket' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists garden snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No poisoning risk is recognised. Note that snapdragons treated with systemic pesticides could harm a pet that chews them, so keep recently sprayed plants out of reach. |
| Snapdragon Achimenes | Achimenes antirrhina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Achimenes (hot water plant / magic flower) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by multiple horticultural sources aligned with ASPCA guidance for the Gesneriaceae family. Achimenes is not individually itemised on the ASPCA A-Z list, but the genus has no reported toxic principle. Ingestion of plant material may still cause mild GI upset. |
| Snapdragon vine | Maurandya barclayana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Maurandya (including Asarina/Maurandella) is listed as non-toxic to dogs by the ASPCA under 'Creeping Gloxinia'. No toxic compounds have been reported for cats or dogs. As with any plant material, large ingestions may cause mild stomach upset. |
| sneezeweed | Helenium autumnale | flowering | Toxic | Though not individually listed in the ASPCA's searchable database, Helenium is documented as poisonous by USDA ARS and Colorado State University's poisonous-plant guide: the whole plant contains toxic sesquiterpene lactones. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, with weakness or incoordination in larger doses; keep away from pets and livestock. |
| Sneezewort | Achillea ptarmica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Achillea ptarmica shares the genus-level toxicity profile with other yarrows: sesquiterpene lactones and the alkaloid achilleine can cause contact dermatitis and gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets or humans. ASPCA lists Achillea millefolium as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; this species should be treated with the same caution. |
| Snow Pea | Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pisum sativum (garden pea) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The entire plant including pods is safe for humans and pets. |
| mangetout | Pisum sativum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pisum sativum is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe for cats and dogs in moderation. |
| Snow trillium | Trillium nivale | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains steroidal saponins in all plant parts, particularly berries and roots. Ingestion by cats or dogs may cause vomiting, diarrhea, and salivation. Symptoms are generally mild and self-limiting; consult a vet if a pet consumes any part of the plant. Not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. |
| Snow-in-Summer | Cerastium tomentosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cerastium tomentosum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Caryophyllaceae as a family has no well-established toxic principles for dogs or cats. Generally considered non-toxic to pets at garden exposure levels. |
| snowball bush | Viburnum opulus 'Roseum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Viburnum opulus, shares the same toxicity profile. Not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant list for dogs or cats, but the foliage and plant sap can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Being sterile it produces no berries, removing the primary ingestion risk associated with the species. |
| Snowball Pincushion | Mammillaria candida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Snowberry | Gaultheria hispida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaultheria hispida is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with most Gaultheria species, the berries and foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or humans in quantity. No severe systemic toxicity is documented for this species, but caution is advised. Consult a vet if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| Snowberry creeper | Gaultheria depressa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaultheria depressa is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Gaultheria genus contains methyl salicylate, which is toxic to dogs and cats in significant amounts. Berries, while edible to wildlife, have no confirmed safety record for domestic animals; treat as mildly toxic and prevent ingestion by pets. |
| Snowberry Heath | Gaultheria hispida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No toxic principles are documented for Gaultheria hispida in available veterinary or horticultural toxicology references. The berries are edible and consumed by wildlife and humans. As this species is not individually listed by ASPCA (which does not cover all regional Gaultheria species), owners with concerns should consult a veterinarian, but no evidence of toxicity to cats or dogs has been found. |
| Twin-Spined Cactus | Mammillaria geminispina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Snowy mespilus | Amelanchier ovalis | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amelanchier ovalis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The berries are traditionally eaten by humans and consumed by birds. No toxic compounds have been reported in this genus for dogs or cats. |
| Snowy woodrush | Luzula nivea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Luzula species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic to cats or dogs. No known toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| So jujube | Ziziphus jujuba 'So' | edible | Mildly toxic | Ziziphus jujuba is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ripe flesh is edible, but the seeds/pits contain cyanogenic compounds and the wood bears spines; treat with caution, keep pets from chewing fallen pits or foliage, and verify with a vet if seeds are ingested. |
| Soap aloe | Aloe maculata | houseplant | Toxic | Aloe is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Toxic principles are saponins (notably high in this 'soap' aloe) and anthraquinones; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, diarrhoea, and red-tinged urine. Keep away from pets. |
| Soapwort | Saponaria officinalis | herb | Toxic | Saponaria officinalis contains triterpene saponins (including saporubin and oleanolic acid glycosides) throughout the plant, with the highest concentration in the roots. Ingestion by cats and dogs can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive salivation, haemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), and in large doses, more severe systemic effects. The ASPCA does not list Saponaria as non-toxic; saponin toxicity is well documented in veterinary literature. Keep pets away from all parts of the plant. |
| Large-flowered Sobralia | Sobralia macrantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sobralia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the orchid family is broadly regarded as non-toxic and the ASPCA lists representative orchids (Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Ingestion may at most cause mild stomach upset; check with a vet if your pet is especially sensitive. |
| Yellow Sobralia | Sobralia xantholeuca | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sobralia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Orchidaceae is broadly considered non-toxic and the ASPCA lists representative orchids (Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Casual ingestion may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset; consult a vet if your pet is unusually sensitive. |
| Social Air Plant | Tillandsia socialis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to both cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are present; plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal irritation if consumed in quantity but poses no toxicological risk. |
| Soconusco Zamia | Zamia soconuscensis | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia soconuscensis contain cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glucoside) and macrozamin, which are severely hepatotoxic and neurotoxic. Ingestion of any plant part — especially seeds — can cause acute liver failure and death in dogs and cats. ASPCA classifies the Zamia genus as severely toxic to pets. |
| Socotra begonia | Begonia socotrana | flowering | Toxic | Begonia species are listed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; soluble calcium oxalates are the toxic principle, causing intense oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing; the bulb/tuber is the most toxic part. |
| Sodiros Monopyle | Monopyle sodiroana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Monopyle belongs to Gesneriaceae, a family with no documented toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the family profile and closely related listed genera (Columnea, Episcia, Aeschynanthus) support a pet-safe classification. Prevent ingestion as a standard precaution. |
| Soft Draba | Draba mollissima | flowering | Mildly toxic | The genus Draba does not appear on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As a Brassicaceae plant it may contain mild glucosinolates; classified as mildly-toxic in the absence of authoritative ASPCA data. |
| Soft pitcher plant | Nepenthes mollis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes mollis is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no specific toxic principle harmful to cats or dogs has been documented. Given the very limited data available for this poorly-known species, it is conservatively classified as mildly-toxic; the digestive fluid in pitchers may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if consumed by a pet. |
| Soft shield fern | Polystichum setiferum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (confirmed for Western sword fern, Polystichum munitum, and Christmas dagger, Polystichum acrostichoides, in the same genus). No toxic principle; large amounts of any foliage may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Tasmanian tree fern | Dicksonia antarctica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Dicksonia antarctica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Most true ferns are non-toxic, but this species is not specifically confirmed; the fine trunk and frond fibres can also mechanically irritate. Treat it as uncertain, keep pets away, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Soft-leaf Dunce Cap | Orostachys malacophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys malacophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database, but the genus has no documented toxic compounds. Multiple reputable succulent sources (Mountain Crest Gardens, The Succulent Eclectic) confirm Orostachys as non-toxic and safe around pets and children. No bufadienolides or other known toxins have been identified in this genus. Ingestion of significant plant material could cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive pets, as with any non-food plant. |
| soft-leaf primulina | Primulina mollifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Primulina mollifolia is a member of Gesneriaceae, a family with no reported toxic principles in the horticultural literature. ASPCA does not individually list Primulina, but the family is broadly regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Soft-stem Bulrush | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Cyperaceae sedges have no documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. The species is widely used in water treatment reed-beds and wildlife habitat projects with no animal toxicity concerns recorded. |
| Soft-Stemmed Begonia | Begonia mollicaulis | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats and dogs via soluble calcium oxalates, with the highest concentration in underground parts. Symptoms include oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Soidao wax plant | Hoya soidaoensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for H. soidaoensis; mild digestive upset is possible if a pet consumes large quantities of plant material. |
| Glasnevin Chilean potato tree | Solanum crispum 'Glasnevin' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Solanum, it contains solanine and related glycoalkaloids; the ASPCA lists nightshade-family Solanum species as toxic. Ingestion can cause hypersalivation, severe gastrointestinal upset, drowsiness, CNS depression, dilated pupils and slowed heart rate. The unripe berries are the most hazardous part. |
| potato vine | Solanum laxum | flowering | Toxic | Toxic. The genus Solanum is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (e.g. climbing nightshade, S. dulcamara), with the steroidal glycoalkaloid solanine as the toxic principle. All parts, especially the unripe green berries, can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and, in larger doses, drowsiness, weakness and slowed heart rate. Keep pets and children away. |
| white-flowered potato vine | Solanum laxum 'Album' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic. Like all Solanum, this cultivar falls under the genus the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats, dogs and horses (e.g. S. dulcamara, climbing nightshade), with solanine glycoalkaloids as the toxic principle. All parts, particularly unripe berries, can cause drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, with drowsiness, weakness and cardiac effects at higher doses. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Solaris grape | Vitis vinifera 'Solaris' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis species) are toxic to dogs. The ASPCA and veterinary toxicology sources document that grapes and raisins can cause acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) in dogs, with no reliably safe dose; tartaric acid is the leading suspected toxic principle. Early signs include vomiting, lethargy and appetite loss. Keep fruit and prunings away from dogs and seek veterinary care promptly after any ingestion. |
| Fireworks goldenrod | Solidago rugosa 'Fireworks' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Solidago goldenrods, including the cultivar 'Fireworks', are NOT individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic database; the ASPCA 'Rayless Goldenrod' entry refers to an unrelated genus (Haplopappus). With no ASPCA confirmation of pet-safe status, treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild stomach upset in cats and dogs. |
| Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum multiflorum | flowering | Toxic | The blue-black berries and all plant parts contain saponins and anthraquinone glycosides that are toxic to humans and pets. Ingestion — especially of berries — causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain; berries also contain cardiotoxic heterosides. Polygonatum is listed among plants with low-to-moderate toxicity at NC State Extension. Keep berries away from children and pets. Not individually listed on ASPCA's dog/cat plant lists, but the genus is documented as toxic in veterinary references. |
| Somali Desert Rose | Adenium somalense | tropical | Toxic | Adenium somalense contains cardiac glycosides throughout all plant parts, consistent with the genus Adenium and the broader Apocynaceae family. The ASPCA lists Adenium (Desert Rose) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, irregular heartbeat, and death. Though A. somalense is not individually named, the same toxic principles apply at genus level. Keep away from all pets and children. |
| Soncoya | Annona purpurea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Like all Annona species, Annona purpurea contains annonaceous acetogenins in its seeds, bark, and leaves, which are toxic in significant quantities. Seeds should never be ingested. Annona genus members are documented as toxic to dogs. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but apply the same precautions as for other Annona species and keep all plant parts away from pets. |
| Sonerila | Sonerila heterostemon | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sonerila heterostemon is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the Bertolonia (Mosaic Plant) non-toxic listing in the same family does not extend to this genus. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Pearlwort sonerila | Sonerila margaritacea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sonerila is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and although its relative Bertolonia (Melastomataceae) is ASPCA non-toxic, that listing does not cover this genus. Treat with caution as a precaution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. |
| Song of India | Dracaena reflexa 'Variegata' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Dracaena as toxic due to saponins present in all parts of the plant. Ingestion can cause vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and dilated pupils in cats. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Sonoran Dioon | Dioon sonorense | tropical | Toxic | All parts contain cycasin and BMAA neurotoxins characteristic of the Zamiaceae family. Ingestion causes severe gastroenteritis, acute liver failure, neurological signs, and can be fatal to dogs and cats. Seeds carry the highest concentration of toxin. ASPCA lists cycads as severely toxic; Dioon belongs to the same family and shares the identical toxin chemistry. |
| Sonoran Ibervillea | Ibervillea sonorae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ibervillea sonorae (Cucurbitaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The small fruits resemble edible gourds but are not confirmed safe. Cucurbitacin compounds present in many Cucurbitaceae can cause gastrointestinal distress in pets and humans. Treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Sooty Coelogyne | Coelogyne fuliginosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Coelogyne fuliginosa has no documented toxic compounds, and the genus belongs to this safe family. |
| Scarlet Sophronitis | Sophronitis coccinea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs (the ASPCA lists Cattleya and Phalaenopsis as non-toxic), with Cattleya explicitly listed; Sophronitis is now treated within Cattleya and carries no reported toxic principle. Excessive chewing of any houseplant can still cause mild, transient GI upset in pets, and avoid letting animals ingest plants treated with pesticides or systemic fertilisers. |
| Sophy's Rose | Rosa 'Sophy's Rose' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Rosa (true roses) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thorns can still cause physical injury or mouth irritation if chewed. This is distinct from unrelated toxic plants called 'rose', such as desert rose or rose of Sharon. |
| Joseph Rock Rowan | Sorbus 'Joseph Rock' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sorbus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The berry seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so a pet chewing a large quantity of berries could experience mild gastrointestinal upset, though in practice signs are usually limited to short-lived vomiting or diarrhoea. |
| Whitebeam | Sorbus aria | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sorbus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The flesh of the berries is low-risk, but the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so chewing large quantities of berries could in theory cause mild gastrointestinal upset; in practice signs are usually limited to mild vomiting or diarrhoea. |
| Hupeh Rowan | Sorbus hupehensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sorbus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The berry seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so a pet chewing large quantities of berries could in theory suffer mild gastrointestinal upset, though reported signs are typically limited to short-lived vomiting or diarrhoea. |
| souari nut | Caryocar nuciferum | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Caryocar does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic lists; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet. The kernels are edible to humans, but pet safety is unconfirmed by the ASPCA, so it must not be labelled pet-safe. |
| Soursop | Annona muricata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Soursop is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet. Annona muricata seeds and leaves are rich in annonaceous acetogenins, neurotoxic compounds, and the seeds are recognised as poisonous and irritant. Keep seeds, leaves and skin away from pets; only the ripe pulp is consumed, and seeds must be removed. |
| South African Geranium | Pelargonium sidoides | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool, which cause vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Cats are particularly sensitive. Keep P. sidoides away from pets. |
| Southern Cattail | Typha domingensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Typha (cattails) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic principle for dogs or cats. Young shoots are historically eaten by humans. Exercise normal caution with very large quantities. |
| Southern Heath | Erica australis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica (heath) is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA or major pet poison control centres; the genus is considered non-toxic to pets, though consumption of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Southern Japanese Hemlock | Tsuga sieboldii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga sieboldii is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No documented toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Unrelated to the poisonous herb Conium maculatum (poison hemlock). |
| Southern lady fern | Athyrium asplenioides | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium asplenioides is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database; out of caution, treat as mildly toxic to cats and dogs until authoritative confirmation of non-toxic status is available — possible symptoms from ingestion may include mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| southern magnolia | Magnolia grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Magnolia (Magnolia Bush / Magnolia stellata) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and Magnolia grandiflora belongs to the same genus with no toxic principle. As with any plant, large amounts of leaves can cause mild GI upset. |
| Little Gem Magnolia | Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Magnolia is a non-toxic genus per the ASPCA). No recognised toxic principle; only mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if a pet eats a large amount of foliage. |
| Southern maidenhair fern | Adiantum capillus-veneris | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adiantum capillus-veneris is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no harmful compounds have been identified for companion animals. |
| Southern Marsh Orchid | Dactylorhiza praetermissa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dactylorhiza praetermissa is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; as its specific safety profile for pets is unconfirmed, it is conservatively classified as mildly toxic. If a pet ingests any part, seek veterinary advice. |
| Southern red trillium | Trillium sulcatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | As with all Trillium species, T. sulcatum contains steroidal saponins which act as GI irritants. Ingestion by cats or dogs typically causes vomiting, diarrhea, and excess salivation. Consult a veterinarian if a pet consumes any part of the plant. Not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. |
| Southern Shield Fern | Thelypteris kunthii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thelypteris kunthii is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a true fern with no recognised toxic principle; other Thelypteris species are generally considered non-toxic, but because this species lacks an individual ASPCA listing, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. |
| Southern Wild Rice | Zizaniopsis miliacea | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zizaniopsis miliacea belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family, which has no known toxic principles harmful to dogs, cats, or horses. It is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The seeds and young rhizome tips have a documented history of edible use by humans. As with all grasses, large ingestion of fibrous material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets, but no toxic compounds are reported. |
| Southernwood-leaved Pelargonium | Pelargonium abrotanifolium | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium species (geranium) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are geraniol and linalool; ingestion causes vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. Keep P. abrotanifolium away from all pets. |
| Souvenir de la Malmaison | Rosa 'Souvenir de la Malmaison' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). The plant is non-poisonous; only the thorns present a physical hazard to pets. |
| vegetable spaghetti | Cucurbita pepo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita species are not listed by the ASPCA. Safe around cats and dogs. |
| Spaghetti Squash | Cucurbita pepo 'Spaghetti' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita pepo (spaghetti squash) is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by ASPCA. Plain cooked squash flesh is safe and digestible for pets. Raw seeds in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Spanish bluebell | Hyacinthoides hispanica | flowering | Toxic | Like the English bluebell, Hyacinthoides hispanica contains scillarens — bufadienolide cardiac glycosides found in all parts of the plant including the bulb. Ingestion by cats and dogs causes vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea; the VPIS (Veterinary Poisons Information Service, UK) lists bluebells as a confirmed cause of companion-animal poisoning. Seek veterinary advice promptly if ingestion is suspected. |
| Spanish Draba | Draba hispanica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Draba hispanica is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Draba (family Brassicaceae) contains no reported toxic principles; it is considered non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses based on family characteristics and available horticultural literature. |
| Spanish Fir | Abies pinsapo | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies (true firs) are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. Needles may cause mild mechanical irritation if ingested in large quantities, but the species is considered non-toxic. |
| Spanish gorse | Genista hispanica | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Genista as toxic to cats and dogs. Genista hispanica contains quinolizidine alkaloids (including cytisine and sparteine) common to the legume/broom family. PFAF records 'none known' specific hazards for this species, but related broom genera cause vomiting, weakness, and cardiac irregularities in dogs and cats when significant amounts are consumed. The spiny stems deter casual browsing but seed pods should be considered a risk. Treat as mildly toxic and prevent pets from ingesting plant material. |
| Spanish heath | Erica australis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica australis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Erica genus has no known toxic principles and is generally considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As with all plants, large ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Spanish Houseleek | Sempervivum nevadense | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sempervivum is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Sempervivum nevadense has no known toxic compounds and is safe in households with pets. |
| Spanish Iris | Iris xiphium | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists all Iris species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Pentacyclic terpenoids are the toxic agents, concentrated in the bulb/rhizome. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea. Keep pets away from bulbs especially at planting time. |
| Spanish jasmine | Jasminum grandiflorum | herb | Mildly toxic | Jasminum grandiflorum is not listed as toxic by ASPCA, but the genus Jasminum may cause mild GI upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats if plant material is ingested in significant quantities. It is not considered highly toxic. Use caution with pets; ASPCA does not individually confirm this species as pet-safe. |
| Spanish Juniper | Juniperus thurifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus species are listed by ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion of berries or foliage can cause mild vomiting, diarrhoea, and skin irritation. The essential oils in juniper foliage are irritating to mucous membranes. Seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Butterfly Lavender | Lavandula stoechas | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lavender (Lavandula) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate; signs include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Keep plants and any lavender essential oil away from pets. |
| Spanish love-in-a-mist | Nigella hispanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nigella hispanica seeds contain alkaloids similar to those in N. damascena and are regarded as mildly toxic if ingested in quantity. Not specifically listed by the ASPCA. Keep seeds away from pets and children; may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed. |
| Spanish Marjoram | Thymus mastichina | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus vulgaris (common thyme) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Thymus mastichina belongs to the same genus and shares a similar essential-oil profile; it is not individually listed but no toxic principle specific to this species has been identified. As with all aromatic herbs, very large ingested quantities may cause mild GI upset. |
| Spanish Moss | Tillandsia usneoides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tillandsia species, including Spanish moss, fall under the ASPCA's non-toxic bromeliad classification; no toxic principle is involved, though dangling strands can tempt pets to chew or pull. |
| Spanish sage | Salvia lavandulifolia | herb | Mildly toxic | Salvia lavandulifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA database; Salvia officinalis (common sage) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The essential oils (camphor, 1,8-cineole, thujone) present in Spanish sage can cause gastrointestinal upset or CNS effects if ingested in large amounts, so treat as mildly toxic and keep out of reach of pets. |
| Spanish sea kale | Crambe hispanica | edible | Mildly toxic | Crambe hispanica is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; as a Brassicaceae relative with no confirmed toxicity record it is classified here as mildly-toxic by precaution. The seed oil contains erucic acid, which at high doses is harmful to mammals; whole seed or seed oil should not be given to pets. |
| Spanish snapdragon | Antirrhinum hispanicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Antirrhinum hispanicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Antirrhinum genus is generally considered to have low toxicity; common snapdragons (A. majus) are broadly regarded as non-toxic, though ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution and consult a vet if a pet ingests large quantities. |
| Spanish Stonecrop | Sedum hispanicum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum species are classified as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for Sedum hispanicum specifically, and the genus is widely regarded as pet-safe by veterinary authorities. |
| Spanish wood thyme | Thymus mastichina | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Thymus (thyme) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Thymus mastichina is considered safe in whole-plant form; concentrated essential oils should not be applied to pets. |
| Branched Bur-Reed | Sparganium erectum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sparganium erectum is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Keep dogs and cats from chewing the foliage or seed heads, which could cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in the absence of confirmed safety data. |
| Sparkler palm sedge | Carex phyllocephala 'Sparkler' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex phyllocephala is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. 'Sparkler' is considered non-toxic to pets; ingestion of leaf material in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| Spartan blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Spartan' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Blueberry (Vaccinium) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the fruit is a safe pet treat in moderation, with no toxic principle reported for foliage or berries. |
| Spartan Cliff Stonecrop | Prometheum laconicum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Prometheum (formerly Rosularia) belongs to Crassulaceae subfamily Sempervivoideae. The genus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Related Prometheum serpentinicum is listed as pet-safe by specialist nurseries, but Prometheum laconicum has no published toxicity data. Treat with caution and keep out of reach of pets and children until confirmed. |
| Domino Peace Lily | Spathiphyllum 'Domino' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists peace lily (Spathiphyllum) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips, and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. It is not a true lily and does not cause the kidney failure that Lilium does in cats. |
| Mauna Loa peace lily | Spathiphyllum 'Mauna Loa' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA specifically lists the Mauna Loa Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which on chewing cause oral and tongue irritation, intense burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Despite the name it is not a true lily and does not cause feline kidney failure, but keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Sensation Peace Lily | Spathiphyllum 'Sensation' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists peace lily (Spathiphyllum) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals as the toxic principle. Ingestion causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips, and tongue, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Note it is not a true lily and does not cause the kidney failure seen with Lilium in cats. |
| Kimball's Spathoglottis | Spathoglottis kimballiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spathoglottis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Orchidaceae is broadly considered non-toxic and the ASPCA classifies representative orchids (Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Ingestion may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset at most; consult a vet if your pet is unusually sensitive. |
| Philippine Ground Orchid | Spathoglottis plicata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spathoglottis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the orchid family is broadly regarded as non-toxic and the ASPCA lists representative orchids (Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is known. Ingestion may at most cause mild stomach upset; verify with a vet if your pet has a sensitive history. |
| Spatterdock | Nuphar advena | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nuphar advena is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic, but Nuphar species contain nupharine and related alkaloids (thiaspinic acid derivatives) that are reported to cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in quantity by pets or livestock. Treat as mildly toxic; prevent pets from consuming rhizomes or flowers. Rhizomes were historically prepared and eaten by indigenous peoples after cooking, which neutralises some alkaloids. |
| Pink Rock Orchid | Dendrobium kingianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: the genus Dendrobium is listed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses on the ASPCA database via D. gracilicaule (Leopard Orchid). Chewing foliage may still cause mild stomach upset, so position the plant out of pets' reach. |
| Spear Head | Senecio kleiniiformis | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses as a Senecio species, consistent with ASPCA listings for the genus. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, lethargy, and with large repeated doses, liver damage. Not safe for pet-occupied homes where plant chewing may occur. |
| spear-leaved arrowhead vine | Syngonium hastifolium | houseplant | Toxic | All Syngonium species contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout their tissues. If chewed or ingested by cats, dogs, or humans, crystals cause immediate oral irritation, burning, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. ASPCA lists arrowhead vines (Syngonium podophyllum) as toxic to dogs and cats; S. hastifolium shares the same toxic principle as an Araceae aroid. |
| Garden Mint | Mentha spicata | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists mint (Mentha species, including spearmint Mentha spicata) as TOXIC to cats, dogs, and horses, with the toxic principle being essential oils. Signs are vomiting and diarrhoea, especially with large ingestions; concentrated mint oils pose greater risk than a nibbled leaf. Keep pets from grazing it and contact a vet if a large amount is eaten. |
| Kentucky Colonel mint | Mentha spicata 'Kentucky Colonel' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Mint (Mentha sp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is essential oils, and large ingestions cause vomiting and diarrhea. Despite being a culinary herb, the Mentha genus is genus-listed as toxic, so keep pets from grazing it and never apply mint essential oil near cats. |
| Spencer Mixed sweet pea | Lathyrus odoratus 'Spencer Mixed' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists sweet pea (Lathyrus) as toxic to horses; for dogs and cats the primary concern relates to the toxic aminopropionitrile in seeds and pods. Seeds and unripe pods contain lathyrogenic compounds that in large quantities cause lathyrism (neurological weakness, paralysis). The flowers are not considered significantly hazardous but the seeds and pods must never be consumed. Wear gloves when handling and keep seed packets away from children and pets. RHS also advises against eating pods or seeds. |
| Spencer Waved sweet pea | Lathyrus odoratus 'Spencer Waved' | flowering | Toxic | Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) seeds and seed pods contain aminopropionitrile and other lathyrogenic compounds. Ingestion of significant quantities of seeds can cause lathyrism — neurological and musculoskeletal damage — in humans and animals. The ASPCA lists Lathyrus odoratus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ornamental use is fine, but all parts (especially seeds) must be kept away from pets and children. |
| Spider Brake Fern | Pteris multifida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at genus level: the ASPCA lists Pteris sp. (silver table fern) on its non-toxic plant list, and the brake-fern genus Pteris carries no ASPCA toxicity warning. As always, eating large amounts may cause mild digestive upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| Giant Chin Cactus | Gymnocalycium saglionis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is not on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and cacti (Cactaceae) are not known to be systemically poisonous to cats or dogs. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so this is a family-level safe rating. The stout, hooked-looking spines are a genuine mechanical hazard, so the risk is physical injury rather than poisoning. |
| Spider Iris | Ferraria crispa | flowering | Toxic | Ferraria crispa is a member of Iridaceae. The ASPCA lists Iris (family Iridaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principles include irisin, irisine, and other terpenoids concentrated in the rhizome/corm. Clinical signs include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhoea. Ferraria corms should be kept away from pets. |
| Spider Milkweed | Asclepias asperula | flowering | Toxic | Asclepias asperula contains cardenolide cardiac glycosides and resinoids throughout all plant parts — consistent with the ASPCA's listing of Asclepias species as toxic to dogs and cats. The milky latex sap is particularly concentrated in toxins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, cardiac effects, and in large amounts, respiratory depression. Keep pets away. |
| Warty Spider Orchid | Brassia verrucosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Brassia is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The broader Orchidaceae family is generally regarded as non-toxic and the ASPCA lists Phalaenopsis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but because this genus is not specifically ASPCA-assessed it is best kept out of reach and any ingestion discussed with a vet. |
| Spider orchid | Brassia spp. | flowering | Mildly toxic | Orchids in the family Orchidaceae are generally regarded as non-toxic, and the ASPCA individually lists the Phalaenopsis (moth) orchid as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. However, that listing is a different genus, and Brassia itself is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, so we take the conservative position and recommend verifying with your vet before allowing pets access. Note: a "Brassia actinophylla" appearing on toxic lists is an outdated synonym for the Schefflera/umbrella tree (family Araliaceae), a completely different plant, not the Brassia spider orchid. |
| airplane plant | Chlorophytum comosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Chlorophytum comosum as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Cats love to chew the leaves — discourage rather than worry. |
| Spike Dunce Cap | Orostachys thyrsiflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys thyrsiflora is a member of Crassulaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic; no toxic principle to cats or dogs has been reported. Considered non-toxic based on available genus-level data. |
| Spike heath | Bruckenthalia spiculifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bruckenthalia spiculifolia is a monotypic genus in Ericaceae, closely related to Erica. It is not individually listed by ASPCA. Unlike many Ericaceae (which contain grayanotoxins), Erica species themselves are generally considered low-toxicity, and no grayanotoxin or other toxic principle has been reported for Bruckenthalia in toxicological literature. On current evidence it poses minimal risk to pets, though as with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Spike lavender | Lavandula latifolia | herb | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula species as mildly toxic to dogs and cats due to linalool and linalyl acetate (essential oil components). Ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, and inappetence. Topical essential oil exposure can be more serious for cats than nibbling the foliage. |
| Spike moss | Selaginella kraussiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Selaginella kraussiana (as "Japanese Moss," family Selaginellaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage pets from grazing. |
| spiked ginger lily | Hedychium spicatum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hedychium spicatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. The plant's rhizomes and sap contain irritant compounds typical of the genus; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal signs including vomiting and drooling in cats and dogs. Classified mildly toxic on a precautionary basis. |
| Spiked Kohleria | Kohleria spicata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohleria spicata is a member of Gesneriaceae, which ASPCA does not list as toxic. No toxic compounds have been identified in Kohleria species. Considered pet-safe, though the hairy stem and leaf surfaces may cause mild mechanical irritation if ingested in large quantities. |
| Spiked Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis tribuloides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis tribuloides is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for Pleurothallis in the scientific or veterinary literature; the Orchidaceae family has no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. |
| spiked sedge | Carex spicata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex spicata is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. As with all grasses, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal irritation in pets. |
| Spiked speedwell | Veronica spicata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica spicata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Veronica (speedwell) species are not documented as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. No significant toxic principles have been identified in this genus. Generally considered safe in pet-accessible gardens. |
| Toothache Plant | Acmella oleracea | herb | Mildly toxic | Acmella oleracea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed. Its leaves and buds contain spilanthol, which causes pronounced numbing, tingling, and drooling when chewed; treat with caution, discourage pets from eating it, and verify with a vet. |
| true spinach | Spinacia oleracea | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spinach is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA but contains oxalates that may aggravate kidney issues in some pets; small amounts are safe, large grazing is not advisable. |
| Palmiste Marron | Hyophorbe verschaffeltii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hyophorbe verschaffeltii is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and its genus is not specifically classified (the ASPCA's 'Bottle Palm' entry refers to Nolina, a different plant), so treat it as uncertain rather than confirmed pet-safe and check with a vet. It is a true palm (Arecaceae), unrelated to the toxic sago palm/Cycas. |
| Spinulose Lady Fern | Athyrium spinulosum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium spinulosum is a true fern in family Athyriaceae. Athyrium species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are reported for this genus. Safe for households with pets. |
| Spiny Adenia | Adenia spinosa | houseplant | Toxic | Adenia spinosa contains cyanogenic glycosides and potentially modeccin, making all parts of the plant severely toxic to pets and humans. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Adenia is recognised as toxic in toxicological literature. Ingestion may cause severe gastrointestinal distress, organ damage, and can be fatal in small animals. Handle only with gloves and keep away from pets and children at all times. |
| Spiny Billbergia | Billbergia horrida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Billbergia horrida is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the Billbergia genus contains no recorded toxic alkaloids or glycosides. However, the sharp marginal leaf spines can cause physical injury to curious pets. |
| Hildmann's Cereus | Cereus hildmannianus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Cereus and related cacti as non-toxic; its 'Tree Cactus' (Cactaceae) and 'Night Blooming Cereus' entries are classified non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and Cereus belongs to this non-toxic family. The substantial spines pose a real mechanical injury risk, and any ingested plant matter can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Spiny Fuchsia | Fuchsia lycioides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fuchsia triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Spiny Germander | Teucrium subspinosum | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a member of the Teucrium genus, T. subspinosum likely contains neoclerodane diterpenes associated with hepatotoxicity in the broader genus. It is not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Ingestion by pets or people should be avoided. |
| Spiny Lady Fern | Athyrium spinulosum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium spinulosum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. General PFAF notes caution for many ferns as a class — some contain thiaminase (which depletes vitamin B) and unspecified carcinogenic compounds. Until the species is individually evaluated, a mildly-toxic classification is the conservative safe choice; symptoms from incidental nibbling are unlikely but ingestion of large quantities is not advisable for pets. |
| Spiny Orostachys | Orostachys spinosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys spinosa is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Orostachys is in Crassulaceae, botanically allied to Sedum (ASPCA non-toxic) and Sempervivum (ASPCA non-toxic). No toxic principles have been reported for this species. As always, consult a vet if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Gold Flame spirea | Spiraea japonica 'Gold Flame' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spiraea is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safety status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an unlisted ornamental, ingestion of foliage or flowers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs, so discourage chewing. |
| Little Princess spirea | Spiraea japonica 'Little Princess' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spiraea is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safety status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an unlisted ornamental, eating leaves or flowers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs, so discourage chewing. |
| Tor spirea | Spiraea betulifolia 'Tor' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spiraea betulifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, so its status is uncertain and should be confirmed with a vet before assuming it is safe. No serious toxicity is documented, but ingesting plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset; keep pets from chewing it as a precaution. |
| Snowmound spirea | Spiraea nipponica 'Snowmound' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spiraea is not individually listed by the ASPCA on either its toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a definitive pet-safety status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As an unlisted ornamental, ingestion of foliage or flowers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs, so discourage chewing. |
| bridalwreath spirea | Spiraea prunifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spiraea prunifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat its status as uncertain and verify with a vet before assuming safety. There are no reports of serious poisoning, but as with most ornamentals, chewing the foliage may cause mild stomach upset; discourage pets from grazing on it. |
| Ogon spirea | Spiraea thunbergii 'Ogon' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spiraea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is not confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Vanhoutte spirea | Spiraea x vanhouttei | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spiraea is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. It is not known to be seriously poisonous, but ingestion of plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Spiral aloe | Aloe polyphylla | houseplant | Toxic | Aloe is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principles are saponins and anthraquinones; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, diarrhoea, and sometimes reddish urine. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Spiritus Sancti | Philodendron spiritus-sancti | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. Like all members of the genus it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and throat. |
| splash polka dot plant | Hypoestes phyllostachya 'Splash' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hypoestes phyllostachya is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The plant is considered safe for households with pets. |
| Splendid Anthurium | Anthurium splendidum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Anthurium splendidum is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but the genus is not clean: the ASPCA lists Anthurium (as "Flamingo Flower," Anthurium scherzeranum, and "Tail Flower") as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle. As an aroid in the same genus it should be treated as toxic; keep it away from pets and verify with your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Splendid Fuchsia | Fuchsia splendens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fuchsia triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Splendid Zamia | Zamia splendens | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia splendens contain cycasin and related azoxy compounds — toxic principles shared by the entire Zamia genus. The ASPCA classifies the Zamia genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats, with ingestion causing acute liver failure, neurological damage, vomiting, and potentially death. Seeds are the most dangerous part. The plant must be kept entirely out of reach of pets and children. |
| split rock | Pleiospilos nelii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleiospilos nelii is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, but its genus member Pleiospilos bolusii (Living Rock Cactus, family Aizoaceae) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no Pleiospilos species flagged as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe; still discourage chewing and verify with your vet if a pet ingests any. |
| Spoonleaf sundew | Drosera spatulata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Drosera is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No significant toxic compound is documented and any reaction is likely limited to mild stomach upset, but the sticky leaves can cling and irritate, so site it away from curious pets. |
| Spotted Aichryson | Aichryson punctatum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aichryson punctatum is a Crassulaceae member not individually listed by ASPCA. Given that related jade-type Crassulaceae genera are considered toxic to dogs and cats, treat this species with caution and keep away from pets. |
| Spotted bee balm | Monarda punctata | herb | Mildly toxic | Monarda punctata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The leaves and flowers contain significant concentrations of thymol and carvacrol (volatile phenols), which are toxic to cats and dogs in substantial amounts — causing oral irritation, vomiting, and central nervous system effects. Classified as mildly-toxic; avoid allowing pets to graze on foliage. |
| Spotted Corn Lily | Ixia maculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ixia maculata is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus Ixia belongs to Iridaceae and shares phytochemical characteristics with other members of that family; some Iridaceae contain irisin-related compounds. Given the absence of confirmed safety data and the plant's relationship to known toxic genera, treat as potentially harmful to cats and dogs and seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Spotted Dead Nettle | Lamium maculatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lamium maculatum (dead nettle) is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. It is in the Lamiaceae (mint) family, which contains many culinary herbs and is generally considered non-toxic. Regarded as safe around pets; no reported toxic principles for dogs or cats in available horticultural and veterinary literature. |
| spotted dumb cane | Dieffenbachia maculata | houseplant | Toxic | All parts of Dieffenbachia maculata contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and proteolytic enzymes. Chewing any part causes immediate, intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and throat — formerly earning the plant its common name 'dumb cane' from the temporary loss of speech. Toxic to dogs and cats (ASPCA) and humans. Wear gloves when handling. Keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| spotted episcia | Episcia punctata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Episcia (Lace-Flower Vine) as non-toxic to both dogs and cats. E. punctata is a member of the same genus and shares the same non-toxic profile. No toxic principles are documented for this species. |
| Spotted gasteria | Gasteria maculata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. (Gasteria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus has no toxic members and is widely regarded as pet-safe). It contains no insoluble calcium oxalates; eating a large amount of fibrous foliage may cause only mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Spotted Goldfish Plant | Nematanthus maculatus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (Gold-Fish Plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Spotted Gongora | Gongora maculata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gongora is not individually listed by ASPCA. No toxic compound has been documented for this genus. The Orchidaceae family is broadly considered non-toxic to pets. As a sensible precaution, prevent pets from chewing the plant, since ingesting any non-food plant material can cause mild gastric irritation. |
| spotted Joe Pye weed | Eutrochium maculatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Eutrochium as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Spotted mandarin | Prosartes maculata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Prosartes maculata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. North Carolina Extension and other horticultural authorities note the berries are suspected toxic due to the plant's placement within the former Liliaceae; steroidal glycoside compounds are possible. As a precaution, treat all plant parts, especially the berries, as mildly toxic to cats and dogs and prevent ingestion. |
| Spotted Neoregelia | Neoregelia tristis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Neoregelia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for this genus. |
| Spotted nomocharis | Nomocharis pardanthina | flowering | Toxic | Nomocharis belongs to the Liliaceae (true lily family). True lilies are classified by the ASPCA as severely toxic to cats, causing acute kidney failure even from ingestion of small amounts of pollen, leaves, or petals; the specific nephrotoxic principle is unidentified. Dogs may experience gastrointestinal upset. Keep all parts strictly away from cats. |
| Spotted Sinningia | Sinningia guttata | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, but S. guttata is not individually verified in the ASPCA database. As a precaution, classify as mildly toxic; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Spotted trillium | Trillium maculatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | All Trillium species contain steroidal saponins concentrated in the berries and roots. Ingestion by cats or dogs can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and drooling; symptoms are typically self-limiting but veterinary advice should be sought. Trillium is not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database, but veterinary sources consistently flag the genus as a GI irritant. |
| Spotted-foot Stelis | Stelis pardipes | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stelis is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae and contains no known toxic principles. The broader family is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic alkaloids or calcium oxalate crystals are reported for this genus. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset from fibrous matter. |
| spotted horsemint | Monarda punctata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage is rich in thymol, the same compound found in thyme oil, which can irritate the mouth and gut if eaten in quantity. While bee balms are widely regarded as low-risk, the ASPCA does not confirm it as non-toxic, so do not label it pet-safe. |
| Spreading Achimenes | Achimenes patens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Achimenes (Gesneriaceae) is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats by horticultural authorities; no toxic principles are reported for the genus. A. patens is not individually listed by ASPCA. Mild GI upset from ingestion remains possible in sensitive animals. |
| Spreading begonia | Begonia extensa | tropical | Toxic | Begonia extensa is a member of the genus Begonia, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs. Soluble calcium oxalates cause oral burning, hypersalivation, and vomiting on ingestion; concentrations are highest in roots and underground stems. |
| Spreading Bellflower | Campanula patula | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no toxic principles have been documented for this genus. |
| Spreading-Flower Guzmania | Guzmania dissitiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bromeliaceae has no documented toxic principle, and G. dissitiflora is considered safe around household pets. |
| Sprengel's Air Plant | Tillandsia sprengeliana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to both cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented; minor gastrointestinal irritation from plant fibre consumption is possible but not a toxicity risk. |
| Sprenger's tulip | Tulipa sprengeri | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulip (Tulipa spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are tulipalin A and tulipalin B, with highest concentration in the bulb. Clinical signs include vomiting, depression, diarrhoea, and hypersalivation; severe ingestion can cause cardiac and respiratory abnormalities. |
| Spring Beauty | Claytonia virginica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Claytonia virginica (Montiaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is recommended as a pet-safe alternative to toxic spring-flowering plants. No known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. Corms are edible for humans (historically consumed by indigenous peoples). |
| Spring Cinquefoil | Potentilla neumanniana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potentilla neumanniana is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. Members of the Potentilla genus are widely regarded as non-toxic to companion animals. |
| Spring Cinquefoil | Potentilla tabernaemontani | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potentilla tabernaemontani is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. The Potentilla genus is broadly considered non-toxic to companion animals. |
| Spring Cream heather | Calluna vulgaris 'Spring Cream' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic principle exists in this genus. As with all plants, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Eastern Cyclamen | Cyclamen coum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Like all Cyclamen it contains terpenoid saponins, concentrated in the tuber and roots. Ingestion causes salivation, vomiting and diarrhoea; consuming large amounts of tuber can cause abnormal heart rhythm, seizures and, rarely, death. Keep tubers out of pets' reach. |
| Spring Gentian | Gentiana verna | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana verna is not individually listed by ASPCA. Gentianaceae family plants contain bitter iridoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if consumed. Not known to cause severe toxicity, but treat as mildly toxic out of caution and keep away from dogs and cats that chew plants. |
| Spring meadow saffron | Bulbocodium vernum | flowering | Toxic | Bulbocodium vernum (synonym Colchicum bulbocodium) belongs to the Colchicaceae family and contains colchicine — the same highly toxic alkaloid found in Colchicum autumnale (autumn crocus). All parts of the plant are toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. In pets, colchicine ingestion causes severe vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, neurological signs, multi-organ failure, and can be fatal. Resemblance to edible wild garlic leaves or crocus corms makes accidental ingestion a risk. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| White Lisbon spring onion | Allium fistulosum 'White Lisbon' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Allium species, which includes spring onions/scallions, onions, garlic, leeks and chives, as toxic to dogs and cats. The organosulfoxides they contain cause oxidative red-blood-cell damage and Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia, with cats most sensitive. Watch for vomiting, lethargy, pale gums, weakness and dark urine; the toxin survives cooking. |
| Spring Snowflake | Leucojum vernum | flowering | Toxic | All parts — bulbs, leaves, stems — are highly toxic, containing Amaryllidaceae alkaloids including lycorine and galanthamine. Ingestion can cause cardiac arrhythmia, vomiting, diarrhoea, and cramps in pets and humans. Not to be confused with Snowdrop (Galanthus) but equally hazardous. Keep away from cats, dogs, and children. |
| Spring starflower | Ipheion uniflorum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Ipheion as toxic to cats and dogs. Ipheion uniflorum belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family, which contains lycorine and related alkaloids. ASPCA does not specifically list this species as highly toxic, but the family association and the garlic-like sulfur compounds in the foliage mean ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal signs (drooling, nausea, vomiting) in cats and dogs. Consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Spring Symphony Foamflower | Tiarella 'Spring Symphony' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tiarella is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles have been identified in the genus. Multiple horticultural sources consistently classify foamflowers as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any non-edible plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Spring Symphony foamflower | Tiarella 'Spring Symphony' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tiarella is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. Its hybrid relative Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, which is reassuring but is not a confirmed listing for foamflower itself. Expect at most mild gastrointestinal upset if a pet ingests the leaves. |
| Springwood White Winter Heath | Erica carnea 'Springwood White' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica carnea is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. 'Springwood White' shares the same non-toxic profile as the species; no toxic compounds are identified for this genus. Large amounts of plant material may cause mild GI upset in pets as a mechanical irritant, but there is no known toxic principle. |
| Spurred Vanhouttea | Vanhouttea calcarata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vanhouttea calcarata belongs to Gesneriaceae. The gesneriad family contains no known toxic compounds to cats, dogs, or horses. Vanhouttea is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no reported toxicity, and the family is broadly considered safe for pets. |
| Square Leaf Hoya | Hoya rotundiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya rotundiflora is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but the genus is ASPCA-clean: Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya), Hoya carnosa, and Hoya australis are all listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no Hoya species listed as toxic. It is therefore considered pet-safe; as always, confirm with your vet, and note that nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Square-stalked St John's-wort | Hypericum tetrapterum | flowering | Toxic | As a Hypericum species, it contains hypericin, the toxic principle identified by the ASPCA in St John's Wort (H. perforatum), which is listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Clinical signs include photosensitization and ulcerative dermatitis. The RHS also notes the fruits are not for consumption and recommends caution when handling. Treat as toxic to companion animals and keep pets away from the plant. |
| Square-stemmed Pelargonium | Pelargonium tetragonum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Pelargonium species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to geraniol and linalool. Symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, anorexia, depression, and dermatitis. All parts of P. tetragonum should be kept away from pets. |
| summer squash | Cucurbita pepo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Cucurbita pepo as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bitter ornamental gourds are an exception. |
| Squinancywort | Asperula cynanchica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Asperula cynanchica is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Because its safety status for cats and dogs cannot be confirmed, it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Squirrel Corn | Dicentra canadensis | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids that are toxic if ingested in significant quantities by humans and animals. Symptoms include trembling, staggering, vomiting, diarrhoea, and convulsions. Sap may cause mild, transient skin irritation on contact. Not individually listed by ASPCA under D. canadensis, but the Dicentra genus is documented as toxic to dogs and cats. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Ball fern | Davallia trichomanoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs: Davallia appears on the ASPCA non-toxic list under names including Ball Fern, Rabbit's Foot Fern, Squirrel Foot Fern and Hare Fern. Eating large amounts of any plant can still cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Squirrel's Paw Fern | Davallia bullata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Davallia bullata belongs to the family Davalliaceae. Davallia ferns are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus, and the fuzzy rhizomes that pets may find attractive are non-toxic. |
| St Dabeoc's heath | Daboecia cantabrica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daboecia cantabrica is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The Ericaceae family generally has low toxicity, and no toxic principles have been reported for this genus in standard veterinary poison references. |
| St. John's wort | Hypericum perforatum | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is hypericin, which causes photosensitization, leading to ulcerative and exudative dermatitis on light-exposed skin, especially after sun exposure. Keep pets and grazing livestock away from the plant. |
| early stachyurus | Stachyurus praecox | flowering | Mildly toxic | Stachyurus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. There are no documented reports of serious toxicity, but as with any unlisted ornamental, prevent pets from chewing it as ingestion could cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Staggerbush | Lyonia mariana | flowering | Toxic | All parts — leaves, stems, nectar, and flowers — contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), the same class found across Ericaceae. Ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, low blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, and paralysis in livestock, dogs, and cats. The common name 'Staggerbush' refers to the staggering gait seen in poisoned sheep and cattle. Keep pets away from all plant material. |
| elkhorn fern | Platycerium bifurcatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Platycerium bifurcatum as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Stained Glass begonia | Begonia 'Stained Glass' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs. Begonia 'Stained Glass' contains soluble calcium oxalates, with the highest concentration in the rhizome and roots; ingestion causes oral pain, profuse drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in pets. |
| Stalked Clivia | Clivia caulescens | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA lists the genus Clivia under 'Clivia Lily' as toxic to both species. The toxic principle is lycorine and related Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, with the rhizome and stem base containing the highest concentrations. Symptoms include vomiting, salivation, diarrhoea, and with heavy ingestion, low blood pressure, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Stalked Podolasia | Podolasia stipitata | tropical | Toxic | Podolasia stipitata belongs to the family Araceae and, like all aroids, contains calcium oxalate raphides. Ingestion causes immediate oral burning, swelling, excessive salivation, and gastrointestinal distress in pets and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Araceae family's calcium oxalate toxicity is well established. |
| Stamford's Epidendrum | Epidendrum stamfordianum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Epidendrum stamfordianum is a member of Orchidaceae, a plant family classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Epidendrum stamfordianum is not listed individually by ASPCA, but the genus has no documented toxic principles. Safe for use in homes with pets. |
| Standish's Golden Yew | Taxus baccata 'Standishii' | flowering | Toxic | Taxus baccata is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats (and horses and humans). The toxic principle is taxine alkaloids (taxine A and B), present in the needles, bark, and seeds. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors, cardiac arrhythmia, and can be rapidly fatal. The fleshy red aril contains minimal taxine but the hard seed within is highly toxic. Extreme caution is required around pets and children. |
| Standish's Golden Yew | Taxus baccata 'Standishii' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Taxus (yew), including English yew, as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Taxine alkaloids in the needles, bark and seeds can cause tremors, breathing difficulty, seizures and fatal cardiac failure. Only the red aril is non-toxic. Treat this as one of the most poisonous garden plants and keep clippings and seeds away from animals. |
| Standley's Zamia | Zamia standleyi | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia standleyi contain cycasin and macrozamin, which are potent hepatotoxins causing acute liver failure in dogs and cats, and are toxic to humans. Seeds are the most dangerous part. ASPCA classifies the entire Zamia genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats. Immediate veterinary treatment is required if any plant part is ingested by a pet. |
| Eye-spotted Stanhopea | Stanhopea oculata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Stanhopea is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Tiger Stanhopea | Stanhopea tigrina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Stanhopea is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Ward's Stanhopea | Stanhopea wardii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists orchids (Orchidaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Stanhopea is a true orchid with no recognised toxic principle. Nibbling any plant can still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| yellow-purple stapelia | Stapelia flavopurpurea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Stapelia (Carrion Flower) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and the soft stem teeth are not a hazard. |
| large-flowered stapelia | Stapelia grandiflora | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Stapelia (Carrion Flower) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset, and the soft 'teeth' on the stems are harmless. |
| hairy stapelia | Stapelia hirsuta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this very plant — Stapelia hirsuta, the Carrion Flower (Hairy Toad Plant) — as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset; the soft stem teeth and flower hairs are harmless. |
| old hairy stapelia | Stapelia hirsuta var. vetula | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Stapelia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a member of the milkweed subfamily (Apocynaceae) its sap may cause mild irritation, and it should not be asserted as pet-safe without an ASPCA listing. Keep pets from chewing the stems. |
| black bell stapelia | Stapelia leendertziae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Stapelia (Carrion Flower) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, covering this species. Ingestion can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and the soft stem teeth pose no real hazard. |
| starfish flower | Orbea variegata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this plant directly as 'Toad Spotted Cactus' (Stapelia variegata, family Apocynaceae) — non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion may cause only mild, self-limiting stomach upset, and the soft stem teeth are harmless. |
| Star apple | Chrysophyllum cainito | tropical | Mildly toxic | Chrysophyllum cainito is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is uncertain. The skin, rind and unripe flesh contain bitter latex and astringent tannins that are inedible and can irritate the mouth and gut; only the ripe inner pulp is eaten. Treat as potentially harmful to pets and verify with a vet before allowing access. |
| Star cactus | Astrophytum asterias | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Astrophytum carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Confederate Jasmine | Trachelospermum jasminoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (listed as Star Jasmine, Trachelospermum jasminoides). The milky sap can be mildly irritating to skin or mouth and may cause minor stomach upset if chewed, but it is not classed as a poisonous plant by the ASPCA. |
| star magnolia | Magnolia stellata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Magnolia bush, Magnolia stellata, family Magnoliaceae). No toxic principle is identified. As with any plant, large quantities of foliage could cause mild stomach upset, but it poses no specific poisoning risk to pets. |
| Star Magnolia | Magnolia stellata 'Royal Star' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists this exact species, Magnolia stellata (as 'Magnolia Bush' / Star Magnolia), as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with the toxic principle recorded as 'Non-toxic.' ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Eating large amounts of any plant material may still cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Star of Bethlehem | Ornithogalum umbellatum | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Ornithogalum umbellatum — including bulbs, flowers, and leaves — contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (cardenolides), confirmed toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by Pet Poison Helpline and veterinary toxicology sources. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation, and potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Seek immediate veterinary care if pets ingest any part. |
| Darwin's Orchid | Angraecum sesquipedale | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Angraecum sesquipedale is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but orchids contain no toxic principle and every ASPCA-listed orchid genus (Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, Cattleya, Oncidium, Epidendrum) is non-toxic to cats and dogs. Treat as pet-safe; as with any non-food plant, chewing may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Star Cactus Haworthia | Haworthia retusa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Haworthia is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a popular pet-safe succulent. Eating a large amount could still cause mild mechanical stomach upset, so discourage pets from chewing. |
| Star-flowered Solomon's Seal | Maianthemum stellatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Berries contain saponins and may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested in significant quantities by humans or pets. Maianthemum stellatum is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. Based on genus-level chemistry and the absence of a non-toxic listing, treat as mildly toxic and prevent ingestion by children and pets. |
| Star-fruited Uncarina | Uncarina stellulifera | tropical | Mildly toxic | Uncarina stellulifera (family Pedaliaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The distinctive star-shaped spines on ripe fruit capsules are sharply hooked and can mechanically injure the mouths, paws, and skin of pets. No significant systemic toxic compound is documented, but treat with caution around animals. |
| Stardust Dendrobium | Dendrobium 'Stardust' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dendrobium orchids as a genus are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This hybrid, being derived from Dendrobium parentage, carries no known toxic principles. |
| Stardust Ice Plant | Delosperma floribundum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Ice Plant (Lampranthus piquet, family Aizoaceae — the same family as Delosperma) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Delosperma floribundum has no reported toxic principles. Classified as pet-safe. |
| starfish snake plant | Dracaena angolensis 'Boncel' | houseplant | Toxic | Snake plants in the Dracaena/Sansevieria group are ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs due to saponins. Ingestion typically causes drooling, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Keep it out of reach of pets that like to chew foliage. |
| Starflower | Trientalis borealis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trientalis borealis (Primulaceae/Lysimachiaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No known toxic principles have been reported for this genus or family in relation to dogs, cats, or horses. The closely related Trientalis europaea is similarly regarded as non-toxic. Treat with caution and keep pets from eating large quantities of any plant. |
| Starflower pincushion | Scabiosa stellata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scabiosa stellata is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported in veterinary literature for this species. As with all plant material, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild digestive upset in sensitive individuals. |
| Starfruit | Averrhoa carambola | tropical | Toxic | Averrhoa carambola is not in the ASPCA database but is documented by the Pet Poison Helpline as toxic to dogs and cats: it contains soluble calcium oxalates plus the neurotoxin caramboxin. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, weakness, tremors, low blood calcium and acute kidney injury, especially in animals with reduced kidney function. Keep fruit and prunings away from pets. |
| Starina | Rosa 'Starina' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Thorns can still cause physical injury, and bouquet roses may carry pesticide residues, so garden-grown plants are safest around pets. |
| Starry rosinweed | Silphium asteriscus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Silphium asteriscus is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The genus contains resinous compounds (silphiodiene sesquiterpenes) whose pet safety is unconfirmed; classified as mildly-toxic out of caution — keep pets away and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Starry Solomon's seal | Maianthemum stellatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The berries and rhizomes contain steroidal saponins; Maianthemum stellatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Related Maianthemum species are documented to contain saponins that can cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs. Do not assume safe — keep pets away from berries and foliage. |
| Statice | Limonium sinuatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (statice) is explicitly listed by the ASPCA as a non-toxic plant for cats and dogs in their safe-bouquet guidance. Ingestion of plant material may occasionally cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset simply due to the plant being a non-food item, but there are no known toxic principles. |
| Statice | Limonium sinuatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium sinuatum (statice) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The plant contains no known significant toxic alkaloids or irritants. It is widely used in dried-flower bouquets in pet-owning households without reported systemic toxicity issues. Occasional mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities of dried plant material are consumed, but this is not specific to statice. |
| creeping Staurogyne | Staurogyne repens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Staurogyne repens is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Staurogyne has no established ASPCA classification; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets that may nibble aquarium plants. |
| Steeds Holly | Ilex crenata 'Steeds' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Holly (Ilex species) as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is saponins. Ingested leaves or berries cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression, and the firm foliage can mechanically irritate the digestive tract. Keep clippings and fallen berries away from pets. |
| Steinmann's Rebutia | Rebutia steinmannii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rebutia is in the Cactaceae family, which ASPCA confirms is non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses across multiple genera. No toxic compounds are known in Rebutia steinmannii. Spines are relatively short and not hooked; ingestion of plant material may cause mild stomach upset from fibrous material but poses no poisoning risk. |
| Stemless African Daisy | Arctotis acaulis | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Arctotis stoechadifolia (Blue-eyed African Daisy) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No specific ASPCA database entry exists for A. acaulis; mildly-toxic is used as a precautionary classification in the absence of confirmed species-level safety data. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Stemless Gentian | Gentiana acaulis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database (Arabian Gentian listed is Exacum affine, a different genus). Gentianaceae members contain bitter iridoid glycosides (including gentiopicrin and amarogentin) that can cause gastrointestinal irritation in pets if ingested in quantity. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Stemless Thistle | Cirsium acaulon | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cirsium acaulon is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No significant chemical toxins specific to this species are documented, but the extremely sharp, stiff spines on the leaf margins can cause physical injury (puncture wounds) to pets that walk on or eat the plant. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precaution; consult a vet if a pet is injured by or ingests the plant. |
| Stenake's wax plant | Hoya stenakei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for H. stenakei; as with all hoyas, ingestion of large amounts of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Curly Spine Cactus | Stenocactus crispatus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stenocactus belongs to the family Cactaceae, which is not listed on the ASPCA database of plants toxic to cats and dogs, and is not recorded as poisonous. The practical danger is physical injury from the spines rather than any chemical toxicity. |
| Brain Cactus | Stenocactus multicostatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Stenocactus multicostatus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The realistic hazard is mechanical: the stiff, flattened spines can puncture skin and mouths. Keep it out of reach of pets. |
| Stephan's Cone Plant | Conophytum stephanii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum belongs to the family Aizoaceae. Not individually listed by ASPCA. Related Aizoaceae mesembs such as Lithops are recorded as non-toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles for Conophytum stephanii have been identified in veterinary or horticultural reference literature. |
| Stephania | Stephania erecta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Stephania erecta is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its safety is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It belongs to Menispermaceae, a family rich in bioactive alkaloids, so assume it is potentially harmful if eaten and keep it away from pets and children. |
| cork-barked Stephania | Stephania suberosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Stephania suberosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is unverified; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a Menispermaceae species (a family containing bioactive alkaloids), assume potential toxicity if ingested and keep it out of reach of pets and children. |
| Stepladder Ginger | Costus malortieanus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Costus malortieanus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with other members of the genus, saponin compounds present in the plant tissue may cause gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling) in cats and dogs if ingested. Keep pets away from rhizomes and seek veterinary advice following any ingestion. |
| Steppe sage | Salvia tesquicola | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. The Salvia genus contains volatile monoterpene ketones; ingestion by cats or dogs may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, salivation, or lethargy. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests significant quantities. |
| Sterling Silver Linden | Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Tilia is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are associated with Tilia tomentosa or this cultivar. |
| Stern's medlar | Mespilus canescens | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mespilus canescens is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a member of the Rosaceae family with no reported toxic principle in its foliage or fruit flesh, it is not considered toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. As with all rosaceous plants, seeds may contain trace cyanogenic compounds; prevent pets from consuming seeds in quantity. |
| taro-leaf steudnera | Steudnera colocasiifolia | houseplant | Toxic | Steudnera colocasiifolia is an Araceae aroid and, like its relatives, contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides in all parts. The species is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies closely related aroids (and directly-listed jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema) as toxic via insoluble calcium oxalates; treat it as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, swelling and vomiting. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if chewed. |
| sweetleaf | Stevia rebaudiana | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stevia rebaudiana is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered safe in moderation. |
| Tall Stewartia | Stewartia monadelpha | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Stewartia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Japanese Stewartia | Stewartia pseudocamellia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Stewartia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sticky Jerusalem sage | Phlomis viscosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis viscosa is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed pet toxin has been identified in this species, but the sticky, aromatic foliage contains iridoids and volatile oils that could cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. Classified as mildly toxic as a precautionary measure; consult a vet if a pet consumes significant quantities. |
| Sticky primrose | Primula viscosa | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Primula (primrose) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The specific toxic principle is unknown; clinical signs include mild to moderate vomiting and gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sticky santolina | Santolina viscosa | herb | Mildly toxic | Santolina viscosa is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats or dogs. The volatile aromatic oils characteristic of the Santolina genus are present throughout the plant and may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested and contact dermatitis on sensitive skin; the sticky exudate on stems and leaves may additionally cause skin irritation in some individuals. Treat as mildly toxic around pets. |
| Stiff begonia | Begonia rigida | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia species (Begonia spp., family Begoniaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, which cause oral irritation, excessive salivation, and vomiting; the underground portions carry the highest concentration. Keep away from pets and children. |
| stiff goldenrod | Solidago rigida | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Goldenrod (Solidago) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The poisonous 'rayless goldenrod' belongs to a separate genus (Isocoma) and is a livestock/horse hazard, not this true Solidago. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting GI upset. |
| Stiff sunflower | Helianthus pauciflorus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principles have been identified in Helianthus pauciflorus. |
| Stiff twinspur | Diascia rigescens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Diascia rigescens is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The Scrophulariaceae family has no well-documented toxic principles to dogs or cats, and no toxicity reports have been attributed to this species. |
| Stiff-leaved Aponogeton | Aponogeton rigidifolius | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aponogeton rigidifolius is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Aponogeton genus has no known toxic compounds in the botanical or veterinary literature, and this species is consistently described as fish- and invertebrate-safe in aquarium hobby sources. Consult a vet if a pet consumes large amounts. |
| Stinking Iris | Iris foetidissima | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists all Iris species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; pentacyclic terpenoids are the toxic agents, concentrated in the rhizomes. The RHS also notes it is harmful if eaten and recommends gloves and protective equipment when handling. Symptoms of ingestion include salivation, vomiting, lethargy, and diarrhea. |
| Stinking Trillium | Trillium foetidissimum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium foetidissimum is not individually listed by the ASPCA on its Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As with other Trillium species, roots and berries are the parts of greatest concern and likely contain steroidal saponins that can cause gastrointestinal irritation (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets and humans if ingested. The strong scent may deter animal ingestion but should not be relied upon as a safety mechanism. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) or a vet promptly if ingestion occurs. |
| Stock | Matthiola incana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Matthiola incana (family Brassicaceae) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database, and no toxic principles have been identified for this genus. The Brassicaceae family has no known systemic toxicity to pets. As always, ingestion of any plant material in large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Stolonifera Palm | Chamaedorea stolonifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Chamaedorea species (under common names including Parlor Palm and Bamboo Palm) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles are identified. |
| Stoloniferous sundew | Drosera stolonifera | flowering | Mildly toxic | Drosera genus is not specifically listed in the ASPCA database as toxic or non-toxic; plants contain plumbagin which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Treat as mildly-toxic for cats and dogs until confirmed otherwise. |
| Stomandra Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus stomandrus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Streptocarpus spp. (Cape Primrose) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| stone bramble | Rubus saxatilis | edible | Mildly toxic | Rubus saxatilis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ASPCA does list a related species, Creeping Rubus (Rubus pedatus), as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and the genus is generally regarded as benign, but this species itself is unconfirmed, so keep foliage and fruit away from pets to be safe. |
| Stone Gate Palm | Trachycarpus princeps | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Trachycarpus genus is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but is not considered dangerous. |
| Stone Mimicry Plant | Didymaotus lapidiformis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Didymaotus lapidiformis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Aizoaceae and has no widely documented toxic principles. However, as it is not confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA, a cautious rating is applied. Keep away from pets and children. |
| stone pine | Pinus pinea | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinus pinea is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and Pinus species are not on the ASPCA toxic list for cats and dogs. The pine nuts are edible and not toxic to pets, though, as with any fatty nut or pine needles/bark, large quantities can cause GI upset; needles and sap may mildly irritate. (Note: this differs from sago 'palm' Cycas, which is severely toxic.) |
| Stonecrop Rosularia | Rosularia sedoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia sedoides is a member of Crassulaceae. Rosularia is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxic principle. The closely allied Sempervivum is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic; Rosularia is regarded in the same category. No toxicity to cats or dogs has been documented. |
| Stonecrop-leaf Aichryson | Aichryson sedifolium | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aichryson is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Crassulaceae and no toxic principles have been documented. Sources noting A. tortuosum as safe to handle around pets align with the broader absence of reported toxicity in the genus. Not in the same family groupings as known toxic Crassulaceae (Kalanchoe, Crassula). Exercise routine caution with all plant ingestion by pets. |
| Stoneham Gold Western Red Cedar | Thuja plicata 'Stoneham Gold' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Thuja plicata is not on the ASPCA's toxic plant lists but contains thujaplicin and plicatic acid, natural oils that can cause gastrointestinal upset, skin irritation, and respiratory discomfort if ingested or inhaled in quantity by cats or dogs. Classify as mildly toxic; contact your vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Strachey's Bergenia | Bergenia stracheyi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bergenia stracheyi (Saxifragaceae) is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. Safe for pets and children. |
| straight-leaved butterwort | Pinguicula rectifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinguicula is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. The digestive enzymes on the leaf surface are adapted for small invertebrates and are not known to be poisonous to cats or dogs, but nibbling should be discouraged as gut irritation is possible. No toxic alkaloids or glycosides are reported for this genus. |
| Strap-leaf anthurium | Anthurium wendlingeri | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Anthurium (e.g. Anthurium scherzeranum, Flamingo Flower) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. A. wendlingeri is not individually named, but as an Anthurium aroid it contains the same oxalates; keep it away from pets and call a vet or ASPCA Poison Control if ingested. |
| Strap-leaf Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis strupifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis strupifolia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are reported for this genus in the scientific literature, and Orchidaceae as a family has no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. |
| Water Soldier | Stratiotes aloides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Stratiotes aloides is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain. It is not reported as significantly poisonous, but the sharp serrated leaves can injure mouths and paws; treat it as a non-food plant and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| straw foxglove | Digitalis lutea | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The ASPCA classifies foxglove (Digitalis) as toxic; all parts contain cardiac glycosides that interfere with the heart. Signs of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, irregular heart rate and rhythm, collapse and potentially death. Keep pets away and contact a vet immediately if any is eaten. |
| Straw-red sage | Salvia stramineorubra | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion of significant quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but no serious toxic effects are expected. |
| garden strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Strawberry plants are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Pets can eat the fruit safely in moderation. |
| strawberries and cream ribbon grass | Phalaris arundinacea 'Strawberries and Cream' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phalaris arundinacea and its cultivars are not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The species contains tryptamine and gramine alkaloids responsible for 'Phalaris staggers' and selenium accumulation in grazing livestock; household pets are unlikely to consume a toxic dose, but large ingestions are best avoided and any signs of illness checked with a vet. |
| Strawberry Geranium | Saxifraga stolonifera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Despite the common name, this is Saxifraga stolonifera, not a true Begonia, and carries none of the begonia genus's soluble-calcium-oxalate risk. |
| Strawberry Fields gomphrena | Gomphrena haageana 'Strawberry Fields' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gomphrena haageana is not individually listed by ASPCA, but is in the same genus (Gomphrena) as G. globosa which ASPCA lists as non-toxic. The genus has no known toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. |
| Merton foxglove | Digitalis × mertonensis | flowering | Toxic | As a Digitalis hybrid it shares the genus toxicity; the ASPCA lists foxglove as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. All parts contain cardiac glycosides (digitoxin/digoxin-type) that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, abnormal heart rate and rhythm, weakness, collapse and death. Treat any ingestion as an emergency. |
| Strawberry globe amaranth | Gomphrena haageana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gomphrena haageana (Amaranthaceae) belongs to the same genus as G. globosa, which ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been documented in G. haageana. Considered safe around pets and children, though G. haageana is not individually listed by ASPCA. |
| Strawberry Ground Cherry | Physalis grisea | edible | Mildly toxic | Physalis grisea is a Solanaceae member. Unripe green fruits, leaves, and stems contain solanine-type glycoalkaloids that are mildly toxic to dogs and cats, causing GI upset, vomiting, and hypersalivation. Ripe golden fruit is edible for humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA; treat all green plant parts with caution around pets. |
| Strawberry guava | Psidium cattleyanum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Psidium cattleyanum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with common guava, the ripe fruit is edible to people and not documented as poisonous, but because the species is unlisted we do not assert pet-safe; seeds present a choking/blockage risk. Verify with a vet before feeding pets. |
| Strawberry Shake | Philodendron 'Strawberry Shake' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA classifies Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing any part causes oral pain, excessive drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and throat. |
| Strawflower | Helichrysum bracteatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum bracteatum is not explicitly listed as toxic or non-toxic by ASPCA. Some Helichrysum species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are hepatotoxic when ingested in quantity. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic and prevent pets and children from ingesting plant material. |
| Streambank Lupine | Lupinus rivularis | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the genus Lupinus, Lupinus rivularis is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidance on Lupinus. Quinolizidine alkaloids are present throughout the plant, concentrated in seeds and pods. Seeds and pods present the highest risk; keep pets and livestock away from fruiting plants. |
| Cape primrose | Streptocarpus 'Bethan' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cape Primrose, Streptocarpus spp., family Gesneriaceae), and non-toxic to horses. No toxic principle is reported. |
| Black Panther Cape primrose | Streptocarpus 'Black Panther' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cape primrose, Streptocarpus, is classed as non-toxic). Safe around cats and dogs. |
| Cape primrose | Streptocarpus 'Chorus Line' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cape Primrose, Streptocarpus spp., Gesneriaceae), and non-toxic to horses. No toxic principle is reported. |
| Falling Stars Cape primrose | Streptocarpus 'Falling Stars' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cape primrose, Streptocarpus, is classed as non-toxic). Safe to keep around pets. |
| Harlequin Blue Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus 'Harlequin Blue' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus belongs to the African violet family and is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, consistent with the ASPCA's classification of Saintpaulia; it carries no known toxic principle. As with any plant, ingesting a large quantity may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Polka-Dot Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus 'Polka-Dot Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cape primrose (Streptocarpus spp.) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Like its relative the African violet, this gesneriad carries no known toxic principle, though nibbling any houseplant can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Cape primrose | Streptocarpus 'Purple Haze' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cape Primrose, Streptocarpus spp., Gesneriaceae), and non-toxic to horses. No toxic principle is reported. |
| Cape primrose | Streptocarpus 'Targa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cape Primrose, Streptocarpus spp., Gesneriaceae), and non-toxic to horses. No toxic principle is reported. |
| Kenya violet | Streptocarpus caulescens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cape Primrose, Streptocarpus spp., Gesneriaceae), and non-toxic to horses. No toxic principle is reported. |
| false African violet | Streptocarpus saxorum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Cape Primrose, Streptocarpus spp., Gesneriaceae), and non-toxic to horses. No toxic principle is reported. |
| Stribrny's saxifrage | Saxifraga stribrnyi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Saxifraga stribrnyi is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database. A closely related species, Saxifraga stolonifera (strawberry saxifrage), is listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. However, as specific safety data for S. stribrnyi is absent and ingestion of any non-food plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs, a mildly-toxic classification is used as a precaution. |
| porcupine grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Strictus' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than labelling it pet-safe. The genuine hazard from ornamental grasses is mechanical, with sharp blades and barbed seed awns capable of cutting or lodging in a pet's mouth, eyes, or ears. |
| string bean hoya | Hoya shepherdii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya shepherdii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya kerrii (sweetheart hoya) and Hoya carnosa (wax plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with no toxic Hoya members. Treated as pet-safe; verify with your vet, as ingestion of any plant can cause mild stomach upset. |
| banana vine | Senecio radicans | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Senecio species as mildly to moderately toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and sometimes lethargy. |
| String of Buttons | Crassula perforata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Crassula perforata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic-plant database, but the genus is not clean: ASPCA lists its close relative the jade plant (Crassula argentea / Crassula ovata) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and NC State Extension flags C. perforata itself as toxic if ingested with sap that can cause contact dermatitis. Treat as mildly toxic, keep out of reach of pets, and consult your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| dolphin plant | Senecio peregrinus | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Senecio species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Ingestion causes vomiting and GI upset. |
| Fishhook Senecio | Curio radicans 'Fishhook' | houseplant | Toxic | As a Curio (formerly Senecio), this plant falls under the ASPCA's toxic listing for string-of-pearls-type Senecio. The sap can cause vomiting, drooling and gastrointestinal upset if ingested, and may irritate skin. Keep the trailing stems away from cats and dogs. |
| String of Frogs | Ficus pumila 'Quercifolia' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Although 'String of Frogs' is not listed by that exact name, it is a cultivar of the true fig Ficus pumila, and the ASPCA classifies Ficus (Weeping Fig / Indian Rubber Plant, Ficus benjamina) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The milky latex contains ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and psoralen (ficusin), causing oral and gastrointestinal irritation, drooling and vomiting if eaten, plus skin/dermal irritation on contact. Keep away from pets and wash hands after pruning; if ingestion is suspected, call your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. |
| rosary vine | Ceropegia woodii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ceropegia woodii is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Silver Glory string of hearts | Ceropegia woodii 'Silver Glory' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ceropegia woodii (string of hearts) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Even so, any plant eaten in quantity can cause mild stomach upset, so discourage persistent grazing. |
| string of needles | Ceropegia linearis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ceropegia linearis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Ceropegia species appears on either ASPCA list, so the genus cannot be confirmed pet-safe. Ceropegia plants contain saponins that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, or drooling if chewed, so treat as mildly toxic, keep strands out of reach, and verify with your vet before relying on it around pets. |
| String of Coins | Dischidia nummularia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dischidia is NOT listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so pet safety cannot be confirmed there. NC State Extension flags the genus (Dischidia ovata) as low-severity poison whose milky sap may cause mouth burning, vomiting, and diarrhoea in pets plus skin irritation, so treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children pending veterinary advice. |
| string of beads | Curio rowleyanus (formerly Senecio rowleyanus) | houseplant | Toxic | Treat string of pearls as toxic to cats and dogs. It is not on the ASPCA's formal toxic-plant list, but the ASPCA's succulent-safety guidance says that if ingested it causes stomach upset — predominantly vomiting — and lethargy; the irritant sap can also inflame skin and eyes on contact. The exact toxic compound is unconfirmed (suspected alkaloids), so keep strands out of reach and call your vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if a pet chews it. |
| String of Pearls | Senecio rowleyanus | houseplant | Toxic | Senecio rowleyanus is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats (and mildly toxic to humans). The plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are hepatotoxic. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, drooling, and in severe cases liver damage. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| ruby necklace | Othonna capensis 'Little Pickles' (syn. Crassothonna capensis) | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Othonna (Crassothonna) capensis is NOT individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no member of the Othonna/Crassothonna genus appears on either ASPCA list, so the genus is not confirmed clean. Online "ASPCA says non-toxic" claims are secondhand and unverified. Because related Asteraceae trailing succulents (Senecio species) are ASPCA-listed as mildly to moderately toxic, treat string of pickles as mildly toxic: keep it away from pets, watch for mild GI upset (vomiting) if chewed, and verify with your vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435). |
| String of Raindrops | Curio citriformis (syn. Senecio citriformis) | houseplant | Toxic | String of raindrops (Curio citriformis) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. However, the ASPCA does flag its close relative string of pearls (Senecio rowleyanus) as causing stomach upset (chiefly vomiting) and lethargy if eaten, and lists several other Senecio species (such as ragwort and groundsel) as toxic to cats and dogs due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. On that genus-level basis we treat this plant as toxic and recommend keeping it out of reach of pets; the sap can also irritate skin, so wear gloves when handling. |
| Ceropegia Heartless | Ceropegia woodii 'Heartless' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ceropegia woodii (rosary vine / string of hearts) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so this 'Heartless' cultivar is pet-safe; eating a large amount of strands may still cause mild stomach upset, and the dangling vines can tempt playful cats. |
| String of Teardrops | Senecio citriformis | houseplant | Toxic | Listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause liver damage with repeated ingestion. Contact with sap may irritate sensitive skin. Symptoms in pets include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy. |
| String of tears | Curio herreanus | houseplant | Toxic | Curio herreanus is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic-plant database, but the ASPCA names its near-identical relative, string of pearls (Senecio rowleyanus), as causing stomach upset (mainly vomiting) and lethargy, and lists the wider Senecio group as toxic due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Because the genus is not clean, treat string of tears as toxic to cats and dogs, keep it out of reach, and verify with your vet if a pet ingests any. |
| string of tears | Curio herreianus | houseplant | Toxic | Curio herreianus belongs to the Senecio/Curio group; the ASPCA flags string-of-pearls-type Senecio succulents as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause vomiting, drooling, lethargy and diarrhoea, and the sap may irritate skin. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| String of Turtles | Peperomia prostrata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists this species (as "Trailing Peperomia", Peperomia prostata, family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no toxic principle or clinical signs noted. As with any houseplant, large amounts of nibbled foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset simply from the bulk of plant material, but the plant itself carries no recognised toxin. |
| String of Turtles | Peperomia prostrata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principles are identified for the genus. Trailing vines may attract cat attention but pose no poisoning risk. |
| String of Watermelons | Senecio herreianus | houseplant | Toxic | Listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and sap that can cause irritation. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Striped Begonia | Begonia listada | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with the underground tubers and rhizomes being the most dangerous part. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, drooling, and vomiting, so keep this plant out of reach and consult a vet if a pet chews it. |
| Striped Goldfish Plant | Nematanthus strigillosus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats (Nematanthus spp.); very large quantities of plant material may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Striped Nananthus | Nananthus vittatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Nananthus vittatus is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus belongs to Aizoaceae and no toxic principles are documented in horticultural literature. However, as direct ASPCA confirmation of non-toxicity is absent for this genus, a cautious rating is applied. |
| Striped Roman tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Striped Roman' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; solanine in the green leaves, stems and unripe fruit is the toxic principle. Ingestion can cause hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and weakness. Ripe red fruit is low-risk, but keep pets away from the foliage and green fruit. |
| Striped Squill | Puschkinia scilloides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Puschkinia scilloides is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of the Asparagaceae family (former Hyacinthaceae), it contains alkaloids similar to scillae found in related genera (Scilla, Hyacinthus). Ingestion of bulbs or foliage may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, or vomiting in pets and humans. Treat with caution and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Striped Tylecodon | Tylecodon striatus | houseplant | Toxic | All Tylecodon species contain cardiotoxic and cumulatively neurotoxic bufadienolides (tyledosides). Ingestion by pets or livestock causes krimpsiekte — a potentially fatal paretic syndrome. Keep away from dogs, cats, and children. Wear gloves when handling; wash hands thoroughly afterward. |
| Striptease hosta | Hosta 'Striptease' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Prevent pets from chewing the leaves and dispose of divisions out of their reach. |
| Strobel's Masdevallia | Masdevallia strobelii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No known toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Royal purple plant | Strobilanthes auriculata var. dyeriana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Strobilanthes is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plants database, so a confident pet-safe label cannot be given; no toxic principle is documented and reports suggest only mild gastrointestinal upset if leaves are chewed. Treat with caution, keep out of reach, and verify with a vet before assuming safety. |
| Hairy strobilanthes | Strobilanthes gossypinus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Strobilanthes gossypinus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not ASPCA-classified, so its pet-safety is unconfirmed. The dense leaf hairs may also cause mechanical or skin irritation. Treat with caution, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Kurinji | Strobilanthes kunthianus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Strobilanthes kunthianus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not ASPCA-classified, so toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed. Treat as uncertain, keep away from pets, and check with a vet before assuming it is safe rather than relying on unverified claims. |
| stromanthe | Stromanthe thalia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stromanthe thalia (syn. Stromanthe sanguinea) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets. No toxic principles are established for the Stromanthe genus. As with any plant material, ingestion in large quantities may cause mild, transient stomach upset but is not considered dangerous. |
| Stromanthe Multicolor | Stromanthe thalia 'Multicolor' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Stromanthe cultivar in the Marantaceae prayer plant family, it falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic classification with no toxic principle; only mild, temporary GI upset is possible from heavy ingestion. |
| Jacquin's stromanthe | Stromanthe jacquinii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a member of the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae) it has no toxic principle, so it is safe in homes with pets; as with any houseplant, eating a large quantity may cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Magic Star stromanthe | Stromanthe thalia 'Magic Star' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stromanthe is a member of the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae), which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs (alongside Calathea/Maranta relatives). ASPCA-listed as non-toxic; nibbling may still cause minor stomach upset. |
| stromanthe | Stromanthe sanguinea | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Stromanthe belongs to the prayer-plant family Marantaceae, classified non-toxic by the ASPCA, with no calcium oxalates or toxic principles. Eating a large amount of foliage may still cause mild, short-lived stomach upset in pets. |
| Magic Star stromanthe | Stromanthe sanguinea 'Magicstar' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The prayer plant family (Marantaceae — Stromanthe, Calathea, Maranta, Ctenanthe) carries no toxic principle, so 'Magicstar' is safe around pets, though any plant material can cause mild, transient stomach upset if a large amount is eaten. |
| multicolor stromanthe | Stromanthe sanguinea 'Multicolor' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. Stromanthe belongs to the Marantaceae (prayer plant) family, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic, alongside its relatives Maranta, Calathea/Goeppertia and Ctenanthe. Nibbling may still cause mild stomach upset in pets simply from eating plant matter. |
| Stromanthe Triostar | Stromanthe sanguinea 'Triostar' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Considered safe around pets. Stromanthe is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the prayer-plant family (Marantaceae) alongside Calathea and Maranta, both of which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Marantaceae plants contain no calcium oxalates, saponins or other recognised toxins. As with any plant, nibbling may cause mild stomach upset in sensitive animals. |
| Stromanthe Triostar | Stromanthe thalia 'Triostar' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Stromanthe thalia (Triostar) is a prayer plant (family Marantaceae). It is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, and the ASPCA 'Prayer Plant' entry is filed under the related Calathea (Goeppertia), a different genus, so Stromanthe is not ASPCA-confirmed. It has no known toxic compounds and is generally kept safely around pets, but treat it as mildly toxic and check with your vet to be sure. |
| Stromanthe Triostar | Stromanthe thalia 'Triostar' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Stromanthe belongs to the Marantaceae prayer plant group the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic; there is no toxic principle, though eating large amounts may cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Strongly-Scented Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum graveolens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bulbophyllum is a member of Orchidaceae. The ASPCA individually lists Bulbophyllum (Cirrhopetalum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bulbophyllum graveolens falls within this genus and is considered non-toxic. The flowers' unpleasant scent is an olfactory deterrent, not a toxic mechanism. |
| Subalpine Fir | Abies lasiocarpa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies lasiocarpa is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and no toxic compounds have been identified in this species that would pose a risk to dogs or cats. As with all firs, needle ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation from physical properties. |
| Subalpine Larch | Larix lyallii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented in the genus; foliage and bark are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Splendid Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum insigne | flowering | Mildly toxic | Paphiopedilum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Unlike Phalaenopsis (ASPCA non-toxic), slipper orchids of the subfamily Cypripedioideae carry documented contact allergens (quinones; cypripedin in related Cypripedium) that can cause skin irritation and dermatitis from sap. Treat as mildly toxic, keep from chewing pets, handle with care, and verify any ingestion with a vet. |
| Succulentum Pachypodium | Pachypodium succulentum | tropical | Toxic | Pachypodium succulentum (Apocynaceae) contains alkaloids and/or cardiac glycoside-type compounds in its tissues, consistent with the broader Apocynaceae family. SANBI confirms the family produces poisonous alkaloids. Related Apocynaceae genera (e.g. Adenium) are listed by ASPCA as toxic, causing cardiac effects. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Sugar and Spice foamflower | Tiarella 'Sugar and Spice' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tiarella is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets. Its hybrid relative Heuchera (Coral Bells/Alumroot) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, which is reassuring but is not a confirmed listing for foamflower itself. Ingestion is most likely to cause only mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sugar apple | Annona squamosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Sugar apple is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet. Annona squamosa seeds and leaves contain annonaceous acetogenins and alkaloids that are neurotoxic and irritant, and the powdered seed is notably poisonous. Keep seeds, skin and leaves away from pets; only the ripe pulp is eaten, with seeds removed. |
| Sugar Baby watermelon | Citrullus lanatus 'Sugar Baby' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and the ripe flesh is widely considered a safe occasional treat for cats and dogs. Remove rind and seeds and offer only the plain flesh in moderation. |
| Sugar Snap pea | Pisum sativum 'Sugar Snap' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pisum sativum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Pisum is widely regarded as non-toxic and plain peas and snap pods are commonly fed to pets and used in commercial diets. Offer only plain, unseasoned pods in moderation and avoid seasoned or salted preparations. |
| silver plume grass | Erianthus alopecuroides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erianthus alopecuroides is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a non-toxic claim cannot be made with confidence; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with other plume grasses the realistic risk is physical rather than chemical, from sharp leaf edges and fine flower awns that can irritate a pet's mouth, eyes or paws. |
| Sugarloaf pineapple | Ananas comosus 'Sugarloaf' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ripe fruit is safe in small amounts, but the tough, fibrous leaves and rind can cause mouth irritation or mild GI upset if chewed, so discourage pets from gnawing the foliage. |
| Spotted Slipper Orchid | Paphiopedilum sukhakulii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis orchid is the named non-toxic entry, with no orchid on the toxic list). Paphiopedilum sukhakulii is not individually listed, but as a member of Orchidaceae it has no calcium oxalates or known toxic principle. Non-toxic does not mean edible; chewing may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Sulawesi wax plant | Hoya sulawesiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for H. sulawesiana; mild digestive upset is possible if pets ingest large amounts of plant material. |
| Rausch's Sulcorebutia | Sulcorebutia rauschii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Sulcorebutia carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Steinbach's Sulcorebutia | Sulcorebutia steinbachii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Sulcorebutia carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Sullivant's Milkweed | Asclepias sullivantii | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias spp.) as toxic to dogs and cats. Toxic principles include cardenolide cardiac glycosides and galitoxin present throughout the plant. Ingestion causes vomiting, depression, weakness, anorexia, diarrhea, and in larger doses can produce cardiac arrhythmia, muscle tremors, seizures, and respiratory distress. |
| Sulphur Clover | Trifolium ochroleucon | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trifolium ochroleucon is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Trifolium genus as a whole has no documented toxic principles for cats or dogs. White clover (T. repens) is confirmed ASPCA non-toxic. No concerning alkaloids or glycosides are reported for this species. |
| Yellow cosmos | Cosmos sulphureus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cosmos is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and Cosmos sulphureus is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Consuming a large quantity of any foliage may cause mild, temporary digestive upset, but there is no recognised poisoning risk. |
| Sulphur Sawara Cypress | Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Squarrosa Sulphurea' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis pisifera is not specifically listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, but like other members of the cypress family the foliage contains aromatic oils that may cause mild gastrointestinal disturbance — nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea — if ingested in significant amounts. Classified as mildly toxic as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Sulphureum barrenwort | Epimedium × versicolor 'Sulphureum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Ingestion of any non-food plant can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, vomiting or drooling in cats and dogs. |
| Summer Hyacinth | Galtonia candicans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA explicitly lists Galtonia (Summer Hyacinth) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are identified. It is considered safe for households with pets. |
| Summer Impala Lily | Adenium swazicum | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Adenium (including A. swazicum) are toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (ASPCA: Adenium obesum listed as toxic; cardiac glycosides are the toxic principle). The milky sap was historically used to poison arrow tips. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, irregular heartbeat, depression, and can be lethal. Seek veterinary attention immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| savoury | Satureja hortensis | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Satureja hortensis is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe in moderation for cats and dogs. |
| Yerba Buena | Satureja douglasii | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Satureja as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Summer Skies delphinium | Delphinium elatum 'Summer Skies' | flowering | Toxic | As a cultivar of Delphinium elatum, 'Summer Skies' contains the same diterpene alkaloids found across the genus. All parts are toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per the ASPCA. Ingestion causes neuromuscular effects and can be fatal. Wear gloves when handling; keep away from children and pets. |
| Summer Snowflake | Leucojum aestivum | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (lycorine, galanthamine) and are poisonous to humans, cats, and dogs. Symptoms on ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and potential cardiac effects. Bulbs carry the highest concentration. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Summit sage | Salvia summa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if consumed in large quantities but no serious toxic effects are expected. |
| Sun Cup Cactus | Mammillaria microhelia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mammillaria is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Physical injury from the sharp spines remains a risk for curious pets and small children — handle with care. |
| Sun Flare | Rosa 'Sun Flare' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosa species are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thorns are the only real hazard, so keep pets from chewing the stems. |
| Marsh pitcher plant | Heliamphora nutans | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. (The related ASPCA-listed California Pitcher Plant is non-toxic, and no toxic principle is documented for sun pitchers, so any reaction is likely mild GI upset — but absent direct ASPCA grounding it is prudent to keep it away from pets.) |
| Sun pitcher | Heliamphora heterodoxa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Heliamphora is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. The only pitcher plant ASPCA lists is the California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica), rated non-toxic — but that is a different genus, so we conservatively treat the sun pitcher as mildly toxic with unknown status. No data confirms it is safe to eat; keep it away from pets and confirm with your vet if any is ingested. |
| Sun-Changing Begonia | Begonia solimutata | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; ingestion can cause vomiting and salivation, and the underground rhizome is the most toxic part. Keep it out of reach of pets and contact a vet if any part is eaten. |
| Orange Sunblaze | Rosa 'Orange Sunblaze' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Thorns can still injure curious pets, and florist roses may carry chemical residues, so home-grown plants are the safest option around animals. |
| common sunflower | Helianthus annuus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus annuus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The seeds (with shells removed) are safely fed to many pet birds and even dogs in moderation. |
| Sungold Cypress | Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Sungold' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Chamaecyparis / cypress (and the related junipers) among plants toxic to cats and dogs; foliage and oils can cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea), drooling and lethargy if chewed. Keep pets from grazing on clippings and verify any concern with a vet. |
| Sunken Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis immersa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae family is classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Pleurothallis immersa is not individually listed, but no toxic compounds are documented in the genus. |
| sunningdale silver pampas grass | Cortaderia selloana 'Sunningdale Silver' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cortaderia selloana is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses (no toxic principle). The plant carries no chemical toxin, but the sharp-edged blades can lacerate and any ingested foliage or plume material may cause mechanical irritation or mild GI upset — non-toxic does not mean risk-free. |
| Sun Crown Cactus | Rebutia heliosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rebutia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic principle is recorded for cacti. The spines, though fine, can still injure mouths and paws, so position the plant away from pets. |
| Sunset Hyssop | Agastache aurantiaca | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache aurantiaca is in the Lamiaceae family. The ASPCA does not individually list this species, but the genus Agastache and the Lamiaceae family have no recognized toxic principles for dogs or cats. No reports of toxicity in veterinary literature. |
| Sunshine Blue blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum 'Sunshine Blue' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Both berries and leaves of Vaccinium are pet-safe; only large quantities of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Super Kabuto | Astrophytum asterias 'Super Kabuto' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astrophytum is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and cacti (Cactaceae) are not regarded as systemically poisonous to cats or dogs. Not individually named by the ASPCA, so this is a family-level safe rating. Being spineless, it poses minimal mechanical risk, but it is still not intended for pets to eat. |
| Super King Ixora | Ixora coccinea 'Super King' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ixora coccinea and its cultivars including 'Super King' are not listed individually by ASPCA as severely toxic. The genus contains iridoid glycosides and tannins which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and children if ingested. Not considered life-threatening but best kept out of reach of animals and young children. |
| Super King Ixora Red | Ixora casei 'Super King' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists both Ixora coccinea (Flame of the Woods) and Ixora javanica (Jungle Geranium) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses with no toxic principles identified. Ixora casei 'Super King' is in the same genus and is considered pet-safe. |
| Super Silver Chalk Dudleya | Dudleya brittonii 'Super Silver' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dudleya brittonii is listed as pet-safe by several specialist succulent nurseries, and Dudleya is not listed in the ASPCA toxic plant database for cats or dogs based on available searches. However, Dudleya is a member of Crassulaceae, and no detailed toxicological studies specific to this genus were found. Treat with caution and consult a vet if pets ingest any part of the plant. |
| Superb pink | Dianthus superbus | flowering | Mildly toxic | As with other Dianthus species, Dianthus superbus is mildly toxic to dogs and cats per ASPCA guidance. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. The plant is not considered severely toxic, but contact with sap can cause mild skin irritation. |
| Superb Stelis | Stelis superbiens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | A member of Orchidaceae, which the ASPCA recognises as non-toxic. No harmful compounds specific to Stelis superbiens are documented. Safe for cats, dogs, and horses based on family classification. |
| Superba astilbe | Astilbe chinensis 'Superba' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Astilbe is generally reported as low-risk, but lacking a specific ASPCA entry it is safest to discourage ingestion, which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Superba rodgersia | Rodgersia pinnata 'Superba' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rodgersia pinnata 'Superba' is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the Rodgersia genus is unlisted, so its pet status is unconfirmed. With no authoritative ASPCA classification, treat it as uncertain rather than safe; keep pets from chewing it and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Supertunia | Petunia 'Vista Bubblegum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Petunia carries no toxic ASPCA listing; though in the nightshade family, ornamental petunias lack meaningful toxic alkaloids. Eating a lot of foliage may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Supertunia Vista Bubblegum | Petunia × hybrida 'Supertunia Vista Bubblegum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petunia (Petunia spp.) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Supertunia Vista Bubblegum, as a Petunia × hybrida cultivar, shares this non-toxic classification. |
| Surinam cherry | Eugenia uniflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Eugenia uniflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is eaten by people, but the seeds are resinous and considered inedible, and the genus is not ASPCA-cleared, so it should not be asserted as pet-safe; pets eating seeds or large amounts of foliage may show GI upset. |
| Susan Magnolia | Magnolia 'Susan' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Magnolia stellata as non-toxic to cats and dogs. 'Susan' is a hybrid involving M. liliiflora and M. stellata. Neither parent genus is associated with significant toxicity in veterinary sources; however, ingestion of large amounts of bark or leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Not individually confirmed by ASPCA. |
| Swamp doghobble | Leucothoe racemosa | flowering | Toxic | Leucothoe species belong to the Ericaceae family and contain grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), which are toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans if ingested. Symptoms include drooling, vomiting, low blood pressure, and cardiac arrhythmia. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Swamp Loosestrife | Decodon verticillatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Decodon verticillatus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database and no documented pet toxicity cases are reported. However, it belongs to Lythraceae and no confirmed safety data exists for cats and dogs, so it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Keep pets away from plants in and around water features for general safety. |
| swamp milkweed | Asclepias incarnata | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias) as toxic; some species contain cardiotoxins (steroidal glycosidic cardenolides) and others neurotoxins. Ingestion can cause vomiting, profound depression, weakness, anorexia and diarrhoea, with severe cases progressing to seizures, breathing difficulty and death. |
| swamp rose mallow | Hibiscus moscheutos | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hibiscus moscheutos is not specifically listed by the ASPCA as toxic, but belongs to the Hibiscus genus in which some species (notably H. syriacus) are noted to cause GI upset in pets. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic — ingestion may cause vomiting or diarrhea in dogs and cats. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Swamp Sunflower | Helianthus angustifolius | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus species are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Helianthus angustifolius. Safe to grow in gardens with dogs and cats. |
| Swamp Tupelo | Nyssa biflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nyssa biflora is not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other Nyssa species, the small dark drupes are an important wildlife food but are not recommended for pet or human consumption. Ingestion of the fruit may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs or cats. No severe toxic principle has been documented in the genus. |
| swamp white oak | Quercus bicolor | edible | Toxic | Oak (Quercus) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Tannins (gallotannic and tannic acid) are the toxic principle, concentrated in acorns, buds and young leaves. Ingestion typically causes vomiting, diarrhoea (possibly bloody), lethargy, abdominal pain and inappetence; significant or repeated intake can damage the kidneys and liver, and whole acorns may cause obstruction. Keep acorns and fallen leaves away from pets and livestock. |
| Swedish ivy | Plectranthus verticillatus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Swedish Ivy (Plectranthus australis, syn. P. verticillatus; family Lamiaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no identified toxic principle. Despite the common name, it is a member of the mint family, not a true ivy, so it does not carry the toxins of English or other true ivies. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset in some pets. |
| Swedish whitebeam | Sorbus intermedia | edible | Mildly toxic | Sorbus intermedia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like other Sorbus, the raw fruit contains parasorbic acid (a GI irritant) and the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so foliage and raw berries are best kept away from pets. |
| Sweet 100 tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Sweet 100' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the tomato plant as toxic to dogs and cats. Foliage, stems and unripe green fruit contain solanine and tomatine; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, weakness, dilated pupils and a slowed heart rate. Only the ripe fruit flesh is low-risk. |
| sweet alyssum | Lobularia maritima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lobularia maritima (sweet alyssum) is non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. It is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and no toxic principles have been reported. It is widely used in pet-friendly garden designs. |
| sweet Annie | Artemisia annua | herb | Toxic | Artemisia (wormwood). The ASPCA lists Artemisia, including tarragon and wormwood, as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principles are essential oils and related compounds, causing vomiting and diarrhoea and, in large ingestions, more serious effects. As an aromatic Artemisia, treat sweet Annie as toxic and prevent pets from grazing it. |
| Sweet Betsy | Trillium cuneatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium cuneatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. NC State Extension classifies it as low-severity poisonous: fruits and roots are the potentially problematic parts, with the toxic principle unconfirmed. As with related Trillium species, steroidal saponins may be present. Keep pets and children from ingesting any part; contact a vet or poison control if ingestion occurs. |
| Sweet Birch | Betula lenta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula lenta is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database. No toxic compounds have been reported in birch species for dogs or cats. The strong wintergreen scent (methyl salicylate) is concentrated in the bark oil, but bark contact or light chewing is not considered harmful at typical pet exposure levels. |
| Sweet Black-Eyed Susan | Rudbeckia subtomentosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rudbeckia (black-eyed susans) belong to the family Asteraceae. ASPCA does not list Rudbeckia species as toxic to cats or dogs, and Echinacea (a closely related genus) is confirmed non-toxic. No toxic principles are known for this species. |
| Sweet Box | Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sarcococca is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its black berries are not edible and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten; as with any non-food plant, ingestion can prompt vomiting in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. |
| Sweet Chariot | Rosa 'Sweet Chariot' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). Thorns can still cause injury, and shop-bought roses may carry pesticide residues, so garden-grown plants are safest around pets. |
| Stella cherry | Prunus avium 'Stella' | edible | Toxic | Cherry (Prunus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The stems, leaves and stones (pits) contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide; wilting foliage and the kernel inside the stone are the most dangerous. Ripe flesh is not the hazard. Signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, panting, breathing difficulty and shock. Keep pets from chewing prunings, leaves or stones. |
| Sunburst cherry | Prunus avium 'Sunburst' | edible | Toxic | Cherry (Prunus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The stems, leaves and stones contain cyanogenic glycosides releasing cyanide; wilting foliage and the kernel within the stone are most toxic, while the ripe flesh is not the danger. Poisoning signs include brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, panting, breathing difficulty and shock. Keep pets away from prunings, leaves and stones. |
| sweet chestnut | Castanea sativa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Castanea sativa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and produces edible nuts; treat as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It must not be confused with horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), which is toxic. Standard caution applies: starchy nuts in quantity can upset a pet's stomach or pose a choking/obstruction hazard, and the spiny burs can injure mouths and paws. |
| Bouche de Bétizac chestnut | Castanea sativa × crenata 'Bouche de Bétizac' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Castanea (true sweet chestnut) does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic lists; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet. Note the name-trap: the unrelated horse chestnut (Aesculus) is toxic, but true sweet chestnut nuts are a human food. Pet safety is unconfirmed by the ASPCA, so do not label it pet-safe. |
| Marigoule chestnut | Castanea sativa × mollissima 'Marigoule' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Castanea (true sweet chestnut) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and the nuts are edible; treat as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Do not confuse with the unrelated, highly toxic horse chestnut (Aesculus). As with any starchy nut, large amounts may cause GI upset or a choking/obstruction risk, and the spiny burs can injure mouths and paws. |
| sweet cicely | Myrrhis odorata | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sweet cicely is a traditional culinary herb considered edible for people, but its pet status is unconfirmed by the ASPCA, and as an Apiaceae member it can cause mild stomach upset if grazed. Do not assume pet-safe. |
| Sweet Clockvine | Thunbergia fragrans | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thunbergia fragrans is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus (Acanthaceae) has no confirmed high-toxicity principle, but there is insufficient ASPCA data to classify it as definitively pet-safe. Treat with caution and prevent pets from chewing the foliage. |
| sweet flag | Acorus calamus | herb | Toxic | Acorus calamus is toxic to pets. The foliage and rhizome contain β-asarone (and related alkenylbenzenes), which is potentially carcinogenic and can cause vomiting and, in dogs, seizures on ingestion. While Acorus is not on the named ASPCA list, multiple toxicology sources document its toxic principle, so it should be kept away from cats, dogs and children; contact a vet if any part is eaten. |
| Sweet granadilla | Passiflora ligularis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Passiflora ligularis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As with other Passiflora, the foliage and unripe fruit can contain cyanogenic glycosides and should be considered unsafe for pets; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe, seeded pulp is eaten by people. |
| Sweet Lifeberry goji | Lycium barbarum 'Sweet Lifeberry' | edible | Mildly toxic | The ripe berries are edible for people, but Lycium barbarum is a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) and its green leaves, stems, and unripe berries contain solanine-type glycoalkaloids. It is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and veterinary opinion on pet safety is mixed; treat with caution as potentially toxic to dogs and cats and verify with a vet. Discourage pets from chewing foliage or unripe fruit. |
| sweet marjoram | Origanum majorana | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Origanum majorana is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe in moderation. |
| Sweet orange | Citrus sinensis | edible | Mildly toxic | Citrus sinensis (orange) is listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Toxic principles are essential oils and psoralens found in the rind, leaves, and stems. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and potential dermatitis. The fruit flesh in small amounts is unlikely to cause serious harm, but foliage and rind pose a real risk. |
| annual sweet pea | Lathyrus odoratus | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lathyrus odoratus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Seeds contain BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile) which causes lathyrism — weakness, paralysis, and seizures. Never confuse with edible peas. |
| Sweet pea | Lathyrus odoratus 'Cupani' | flowering | Mildly toxic | The annual sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) is not the species individually cleared on the ASPCA 'Sweet Pea' listing (which covers L. latifolius as non-toxic). Its seeds and pods contain a lathyrogen (aminopropionitrile) and ingestion can cause toxicity; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Keep the pea-like seed pods away from pets and children. |
| Spencer sweet pea | Lathyrus odoratus 'Spencer' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Lathyrus odoratus cultivar, it is not covered by the ASPCA 'Sweet Pea' non-toxic listing (which applies to L. latifolius). The seeds and pods contain a lathyrogen (aminopropionitrile) and can cause toxicity if eaten; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Keep the developing seed pods away from pets and children. |
| kumara | Ipomoea batatas | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Ipomoea species (foliage) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to LSA-like compounds. Cooked tubers (the food crop) are safe; foliage and raw tubers should be avoided. |
| Sweet sultan | Centaurea moschata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Centaurea moschata is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, Centaurea cyanus (the closely related cornflower) is listed as non-toxic, and no toxic principles have been documented for this genus at typical exposure levels. Treat with appropriate caution, though serious toxicity is not expected. |
| Sweet Trillium | Trillium vaseyi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like other Trillium species, T. vaseyi contains steroidal saponins concentrated in the roots and berries. Ingestion causes gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, and diarrhoea in pets and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus is characterised as mildly toxic by NC State Extension. Seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Sweet violet | Viola odorata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola species are considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Viola odorata is not individually listed by name but belongs to the Viola genus, which has no reported toxic principles for pets. Flowers and young leaves are edible for humans and have a long tradition of use in culinary applications. |
| Sweet white trillium | Trillium simile | flowering | Mildly toxic | As with other Trillium species, T. simile contains steroidal saponins which are GI irritants. Consumption by cats or dogs may cause vomiting, drooling, and diarrhea. Contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. Not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. |
| Sweet White Violet | Viola blanda | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Viola genus (including pansies, Viola tricolor var. hortensis) is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Viola blanda is not individually listed, but no toxic principle has been identified in the genus. |
| Sweet William | Dianthus barbatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats (genus Dianthus, common name 'Sweet William'). Toxic principle: unknown irritant (triterpenoid saponins suspected). Clinical signs are mild: gastrointestinal upset, drooling, vomiting, and mild dermatitis on skin contact. Not considered life-threatening in typical exposure amounts, but contact your vet if ingestion occurs. RHS advises wearing gloves due to potential skin sensitisation. |
| Sweet Woodruff | Galium odoratum | herb | Mildly toxic | Contains coumarin, a natural anticoagulant compound. Large ingested quantities can be hepatotoxic and cause anticoagulant effects in dogs and cats. Not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA; exercise caution and prevent pets from grazing on the plant. |
| sweetbay magnolia | Magnolia virginiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Magnolia (Magnolia Bush / Magnolia stellata) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; Magnolia virginiana is in the same genus and carries no recognised toxic principle. Ingestion of foliage may cause only minor stomach upset. |
| Sweetbells Leucothoe | Leucothoe racemosa | flowering | Toxic | Leucothoe sp. are classified as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The toxic principle is grayanotoxins, which interfere with sodium channels in cell membranes. Ingestion causes hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, bradycardia, low blood pressure, cardiovascular collapse, coma, and potentially death. |
| Sweetbriar | Rosa eglanteria | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species); hips are edible. No toxic principles identified, though the dense thorns pose a mechanical injury risk. |
| sweetcorn | Zea mays var. saccharata 'Incredible' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Edible corn (Zea mays) kernels and plant are non-toxic; note the toxic houseplant called 'Corn Plant' on the ASPCA list is Dracaena fragrans, an unrelated species. Serve plain, never on the cob (choking and obstruction risk). |
| lucky heart | Hoya kerrii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya kerrii is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Beauregard sweet potato | Ipomoea batatas 'Beauregard' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists sweet potato vine (Ipomoea batatas) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The cooked tuber is also commonly used in pet foods. As with any plant, eating large amounts of foliage may cause mild GI upset, but the species itself is not classed as poisonous. |
| Swingle's primulina | Primulina swinglei | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Primulina swinglei is a member of the family Gesneriaceae. ASPCA does not individually list this species, but Gesneriaceae as a family has no reported toxic principles to dogs or cats in the horticultural or veterinary literature. |
| silverbeet | Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla | edible | Mildly toxic | Beta vulgaris contains soluble oxalates; large ingestions cause GI upset and kidney irritation in cats and dogs. Small nibbles are low risk. |
| Swiss Chard | Beta vulgaris var. cicla | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Beta vulgaris var. cicla (Swiss chard) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Leaves and stems are safe for pets, though chard's high oxalic acid content may cause mild digestive upset if consumed in large quantities. |
| Fordhook Giant chard | Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla 'Fordhook Giant' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Swiss chard is covered by the ASPCA 'Beets' entry (Beta vulgaris), listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Note that large mature leaves contain oxalic acid, so quantities should be limited; high oxalate intake can contribute to GI upset or, rarely, kidney issues, especially in pets prone to stones. |
| Peppermint chard | Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla 'Peppermint' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a Beta vulgaris chard, it falls under the ASPCA 'Beets' listing, which is non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Large mature leaves contain oxalic acid, so feed only in moderation; high oxalate loads can cause GI upset and are best avoided in pets prone to urinary or kidney stones. |
| Yellow Ribbon chard | Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla 'Yellow Ribbon' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This Beta vulgaris chard is covered by the ASPCA 'Beets' entry, listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Large mature leaves contain oxalic acid, so offer only in moderation; excessive oxalate can cause GI upset and is best limited for pets prone to kidney or bladder stones. |
| Adanson's monstera | Monstera adansonii | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera species as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Causes oral irritation and drooling. |
| Swiss Rock Jasmine | Androsace helvetica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Androsace helvetica is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Androsace (family Primulaceae) has no documented toxic principles. Based on family-level characteristics and specialist horticultural literature, it is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Swollen-stem Tylecodon | Tylecodon ventricosus | houseplant | Toxic | All Tylecodon species contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (krimpsiekte toxins) documented to cause serious poisoning in livestock, dogs, and cats — including cardiac arrhythmia, muscle tremors, and neurotoxic effects. Tylecodon is not individually catalogued by the ASPCA but is considered toxic by the same mechanism as Kalanchoe (which ASPCA lists as toxic). Keep away from all pets and children; wear gloves when handling. |
| Sword Brake Fern | Pteris ensiformis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at genus level: the ASPCA lists Pteris sp. (silver table fern) as non-toxic, and the brake-fern genus Pteris carries no ASPCA toxicity warning. Mild stomach upset is still possible if a pet eats a large amount, so discourage chewing. |
| Sword-Leaved Air Plant | Tillandsia xiphioides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia xiphioides belongs to the Bromeliaceae family, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this species or the Tillandsia genus more broadly. |
| Sword-leaved phlox | Phlox buckleyi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA considers the Phlox genus non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for any Phlox species. |
| swordleaf rush | Juncus ensifolius | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Juncus ensifolius has no known toxic compounds hazardous to cats, dogs, or livestock, and the Juncus genus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. No toxic principles have been identified in this species. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild GI upset. Treat as low-risk. |
| queen palm | Syagrus romanzoffiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the queen palm and its fruit are reported non-toxic, and Syagrus carries no recognised toxic principle. The hard seeds within the fruit are nonetheless a choking and intestinal-blockage hazard, and gorging on fallen fruit can cause transient vomiting and diarrhoea, so still limit pet access. |
| silver date palm | Phoenix sylvestris | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists date palms in the genus Phoenix (e.g. Pygmy/Miniature/Dwarf Date Palm, Phoenix roebelenii) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and P. sylvestris shares this safe genus status. The main hazard is mechanical: the sharp basal spines can cause puncture wounds, and hard seeds pose a choking or blockage risk if swallowed. |
| Bluebird smooth aster | Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies asters, including the Symphyotrichum genus, as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. As with any plant, eating large amounts of foliage could cause mild, self-limiting digestive upset, so it is sensible to discourage grazing despite the plant being non-poisonous. |
| Alma Pötschke New England aster | Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 'Andenken an Alma Pötschke' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies asters (including the Symphyotrichum group) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts of foliage may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset, so discourage grazing even though it is not poisonous. |
| Fellowship Michaelmas daisy | Symphyotrichum novi-belgii 'Fellowship' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies asters, which include the Symphyotrichum genus, as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Eating a large quantity of foliage may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, so it is best to discourage pets from grazing even though the plant is not poisonous. |
| Raydon's Favorite aromatic aster | Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'Raydon's Favorite' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; asters in the ASPCA database (e.g. China aster, white-panicle aster) are classified non-toxic. No toxic principle is associated with the genus. |
| Strawberry Ice Arrowhead Vine | Syngonium podophyllum 'Strawberry Ice' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Syngonium podophyllum (under names including arrowhead vine and nephthytis) as toxic; like other aroids it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Three Kings Arrowhead | Syngonium podophyllum 'Three Kings' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Arrowhead Vine (Syngonium podophyllum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; 'Three Kings' is a cultivar of that species and, like all aroids, contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, drooling and vomiting if chewed. |
| White Butterfly Arrowhead Plant | Syngonium podophyllum 'White Butterfly' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Syngonium (arrowhead vine / nephthytis) as toxic to cats and dogs. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Albo Syngonium | Syngonium podophyllum 'Albo Variegatum' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA listing for arrowhead vine (Syngonium podophyllum). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides), which on chewing cause oral pain and swelling, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Bigleaf Arrowhead | Syngonium macrophyllum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the genus Syngonium (arrowhead vine, nephthytis) as toxic, and this aroid contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, profuse drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Pink Arrowhead | Syngonium podophyllum 'Neon Robusta' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA listing for arrowhead vine (Syngonium podophyllum). The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing releases needle-like crystals causing oral pain, drooling, swelling of mouth and lips, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Pink Syngonium | Syngonium podophyllum 'Neon Robusta' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Arrowhead Vine (Syngonium podophyllum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; 'Neon Robusta' is a cultivar of that species and, like all aroids, contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, drooling and vomiting if chewed. |
| Pink Splash | Syngonium podophyllum 'Pink Splash' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA listing for arrowhead vine (Syngonium podophyllum). It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides); chewing releases needle-like crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning, drooling, swelling, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Milk Confetti Arrowhead Vine | Syngonium podophyllum 'Milk Confetti' | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Syngonium podophyllum as toxic, and this is a cultivar of that species. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; ingestion causes oral irritation, intense drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and trouble swallowing. |
| Velvet Syngonium | Syngonium rayii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies the genus Syngonium (arrowhead vine) as toxic, and this aroid contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. |
| Syrian Oregano | Origanum syriacum | herb | Toxic | Origanum syriacum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but its genus mate Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is classified toxic to cats and dogs due to gastrointestinal irritants in its essential oils. Treat with the same caution: keep pets from grazing it and never offer concentrated oregano oil. |
| Szechuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum simulans | herb | Mildly toxic | Zanthoxylum simulans is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ingestion of leaves, bark or seeds is commonly reported to cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets, and the sharp prickles can injure. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; keep pets from chewing the foliage or stems. |
| Table Fern | Pteris vittata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the table fern (Pteris sp., "Silver Table Fern") as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As with any plant, nibbling can cause mild stomach upset. Note the nickname "arsenic fern" refers to its ability to take up arsenic from contaminated soil, not to any inherent poison; avoid eating fronds grown in unknown ground. |
| Weddell's Taccarum | Taccarum weddellianum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Taccarum is a member of the aroid family (Araceae) and contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; it is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family's well-established oxalate toxicity causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat all parts, including the tuber, as toxic to pets. |
| Tagar | Valeriana wallichii | herb | Mildly toxic | Valeriana wallichii is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other Valeriana species, it contains valerenic acid and isovaleric acid in its rhizomes. These compounds can cause mild GI upset and, in cats, behavioural stimulation similar to catnip. ASPCA Poison Control cases involving valerian typically show minimal clinical signs in dogs, but consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Inca Gold Marigold | Tagetes erecta 'Inca Gold' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Marigold (Tagetes species) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Handling the foliage can occasionally cause mild skin irritation and eating large amounts may cause minor stomach upset, but it is not classed as poisonous. |
| Taishan Orange Marigold | Tagetes erecta 'Taishan Orange' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Marigold (Tagetes species) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The sap may occasionally cause mild skin irritation and eating large amounts can upset the stomach, but the plant is not considered poisonous. |
| Boy Orange French Marigold | Tagetes patula 'Boy Orange' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Marigold (Tagetes species) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Contact with the foliage or sap can occasionally cause mild skin irritation, and eating large amounts may cause minor stomach upset, but it is not classed as poisonous. |
| Janie Bright Yellow Marigold | Tagetes patula 'Janie Bright Yellow' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Marigold (Tagetes species) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The sap can occasionally cause mild skin irritation and eating large quantities may upset the stomach, but the plant is not considered poisonous. |
| Tangerine Gem Signet Marigold | Tagetes tenuifolia 'Tangerine Gem' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tagetes (marigold) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the foliage sap can occasionally cause mild skin irritation in sensitive people, and large ingestions may cause minor GI upset, but it is not poisonous. |
| Tahitian Gardenia | Gardenia taitensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Gardenia taitensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classifies Gardenia jasminoides (Cape Jasmine) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses due to iridoid glycosides (genioposide, gardenoside) causing GI upset and hives. Given the same genus, treat G. taitensis with equivalent caution around pets. Contact a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Tailed Aechmea | Aechmea caudata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae family has no reported toxic principles and is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Aechmea caudata poses no chemical hazard. The stiff, spiny leaf margins can cause mechanical abrasion if a pet or person rubs against them. |
| Tailed Brake Fern | Pteris quadriaurita | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pteris quadriaurita (Silver Table Fern / Painted Brake Fern) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Safe to keep in pet-friendly households. |
| Tailed Masdevallia | Masdevallia caudata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds are documented for Masdevallia caudata. Orchidaceae has no known toxic principles. |
| Taita African violet | Saintpaulia teitensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violets (Saintpaulia spp.) are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion may at most cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals, but no toxic compounds are reported for the genus. |
| Taiwan begonia | Begonia formosana | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, which cause oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive salivation, and vomiting; the underground rhizomes contain the highest concentration. |
| Taiwan Felt Fern | Pyrrosia polydactyla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrrosia polydactyla is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Polypodiaceae family (to which Pyrrosia belongs) is broadly considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been documented for this genus. |
| Taiwan Kiwi | Actinidia setosa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Actinidia kiwi is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA or major pet poison control centres. Kiwi fruit and plant material are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, though the vine's scent may attract cats (similar to catnip), potentially causing damage to foliage and roots. |
| Taiwan Shell Ginger | Alpinia formosana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia formosana is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Zingiberaceae family does not contain widely recognised pet toxins. Mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, nausea, vomiting) is possible if cats or dogs ingest plant material. Classified as mildly toxic as a precautionary measure; contact a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Tall Bluebells | Mertensia paniculata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mertensia paniculata is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to the Boraginaceae family, the same genus as M. virginica which ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No specific toxic principles documented for this species in veterinary sources. Some general notes that Mertensia alkaloids can be toxic at very high doses in livestock; normal garden exposure is not a concern for pets. |
| Tall Coreopsis | Coreopsis tripteris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been identified in this species. |
| tall goldenrod | Solidago altissima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Goldenrod (Solidago) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Note that the toxic 'rayless goldenrod' is a different genus (Isocoma), poisonous to horses and livestock; true Solidago is the pet-safe one, though any plant can cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Tall Green Milkweed | Asclepias hirtella | flowering | Toxic | All Asclepias species, including A. hirtella, are listed as toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. The plant contains cardenolide cardiac glycosides and galitoxin. Narrow-leaved milkweed species particularly tend to produce neurotoxic symptoms (tremors, incoordination) in addition to gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia); cardiac effects are possible with larger doses. |
| tall ironweed | Vernonia altissima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Vernonia altissima is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Ironweed is generally considered unpalatable and is avoided by grazing livestock, but unlisted plants can still cause gastrointestinal upset, so prevent pets from chewing it. |
| Tall Mix pincushion flower | Scabiosa atropurpurea 'Tall Mix' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scabiosa atropurpurea cultivars are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported in the genus. This mix is considered safe around cats, dogs, and horses. |
| tall moor grass | Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea 'Transparent' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Molinia is a member of the Poaceae (grass) family, which is non-toxic to dogs and cats according to ASPCA guidelines. No toxic principles are associated with this genus or subspecies. |
| tall purple moor grass | Molinia arundinacea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Molinia arundinacea is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known in the genus Molinia. As with any grass, ingestion of large quantities of coarse foliage may cause mild mechanical gastrointestinal irritation, but no toxic compounds are present. |
| Tall Sinningia | Sinningia elatior | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs; Sinningia elatior belongs to the same genus and Gesneriaceae family with no known toxic principles recorded. |
| tall verbena | Verbena bonariensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Verbena bonariensis is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. True verbenas are generally regarded as non-toxic but may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity. Do not confuse it with Lantana, a related plant that the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Tamanu | Calophyllum inophyllum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Calophyllum inophyllum is not individually listed by ASPCA. The seed kernel and bark contain calophyllolide and other coumarins/resins that are known irritants and potentially toxic if ingested in quantity. The seed oil (used topically in cosmetics) is not intended for consumption. Keep seeds away from pets and children. Exercise caution; do not classify as pet-safe. |
| Tamarack | Larix laricina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix laricina (Tamarack) is a larch with no documented toxicity to dogs or cats. The genus Larix is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Considered safe around pets and livestock. |
| tamarillo | Solanum betaceum | tropical | Toxic | The ripe fruit is edible, but the leaves and unripe fruit contain solanine and tomatine glycoalkaloids common to Solanum. Solanum betaceum is not individually on the ASPCA list, yet as a nightshade its foliage and green fruit are toxic to dogs and cats, causing drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and in larger doses neurological signs. Cats are especially sensitive; keep pets away from the plant. |
| Tamarind | Tamarindus indica | tropical | Toxic | Tamarind is not on the ASPCA non-toxic list and is recognised as a food hazard: the Merck Veterinary Manual documents tamarind (Tamarindus spp.) causing tartaric-acid renal failure in dogs, in the same toxic group as grapes and raisins. Signs include vomiting, lethargy, anorexia and potentially acute kidney failure. Keep pods, pulp and seeds away from dogs and cats and consult a vet immediately on ingestion. |
| Tamarix-leaf Savin Juniper | Juniperus sabina 'Tamariscifolia' | houseplant | Toxic | Juniperus sabina is a well-established toxic plant for dogs, cats, and horses. All parts — especially the berries and branch tips — contain the toxic volatile oil sabinenol (savin oil), sabinene, and podophyllotoxin. Ingestion causes vomiting, bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and in significant doses can cause kidney damage, low blood pressure, and seizures. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingestion is suspected. Not listed on the ASPCA database by name, but widely documented as hazardous by veterinary poison control authorities. |
| Tamis Chirita | Chirita tamiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chirita (now largely reclassified into Primulina) belongs to the Gesneriaceae family. Gesneriads as a group are not listed as toxic by ASPCA, and no toxic principle has been reported for Chirita tamiana. Regarded as pet-safe, though ingestion of any plant material in quantity may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Tampoi | Baccaurea dulcis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Baccaurea dulcis (family Phyllanthaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The ripe fruit is consumed by humans with no reported toxic effects. No toxic principles have been documented for this genus. Pet safety has not been assessed by ASPCA. As a precaution, prevent pets from ingesting seeds or unripe fruit. |
| Tangerine Beauty Crossvine | Bignonia capreolata 'Tangerine Beauty' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Bignonia capreolata (Bignoniaceae), 'Tangerine Beauty' carries the same precautionary mild-toxicity classification. ASPCA does not list Bignonia capreolata specifically; no severe systemic toxicity is documented, but mild irritation from sap is plausible. Keep pets and children from ingesting plant material. |
| Tangier sage | Salvia tingitana | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. Like other members of the Salvia genus, it may contain volatile monoterpene ketones. Ingestion by cats or dogs could cause mild gastrointestinal signs including nausea, drooling, or lethargy. Contact a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Tannenbaum Mugo Pine | Pinus mugo var. mughus 'Tannenbaum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus mugo is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the ASPCA lists Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) as non-toxic to dogs and cats (toxic only to horses), but this cultivar's status is not individually confirmed, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sharp needles and sap may cause oral irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed. |
| Hilmar's tanquana | Tanquana hilmarii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Tanquana is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic and does not appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so its pet status is unconfirmed. Mesemb tissue is generally oxalate-rich; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| prism tanquana | Tanquana prismatica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Tanquana prismatica is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus is absent from the ASPCA non-toxic list, so pet-safety cannot be confirmed. Mesemb foliage is typically oxalate-rich; treat with caution and verify with a vet before allowing pet access. Do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| tansy | Tanacetum vulgare | herb | Toxic | Tansy is not individually catalogued by the ASPCA, but it is well established in veterinary and toxicology literature as poisonous: the foliage and flowers contain thujone and other volatile oils. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors, convulsions and, with the concentrated oil, liver and kidney damage. Keep away from cats, dogs and livestock; the essential oil is especially hazardous. |
| Tar-scented Vriesea | Vriesea bituminosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea bromeliads are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset from plant fibre, but no toxic principles have been identified. |
| Taraw Palm | Livistona saribus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Livistona saribus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the Arecaceae family, which has no known toxic principles to dogs or cats. ASPCA palm listings consistently indicate true palms are non-toxic. Petiole spines are a physical hazard — keep children and pets away from the sharp teeth on the leaf stems. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Tartarian sea kale | Crambe tataria | edible | Mildly toxic | No known hazards or toxic compounds have been documented for Crambe tataria in veterinary or horticultural literature; all plant parts are considered edible by humans. Crambe is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, so an explicit pet-safe classification cannot be confirmed. |
| blue gum eucalyptus | Eucalyptus globulus | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Eucalyptus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is the essential oil eucalyptol, with clinical signs of salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and weakness. Both the foliage and especially concentrated eucalyptus oil are hazardous, so keep pets away from the plant and any oil. |
| Mother Shield Fern | Polystichum proliferum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at genus level: Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas dagger fern) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, and the shield-fern genus Polystichum carries no ASPCA toxicity warning. As with any plant, nibbling can still cause mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing. |
| Tasmanian pernettya | Pernettya tasmanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pernettya tasmanica (syn. Gaultheria tasmanica) belongs to Ericaceae. The broader Gaultheria/Pernettya genus has disputed toxicity: some species produce berries that are toxic or hallucinogenic if eaten in quantity. This species is not individually listed by ASPCA. Given the family's known potential for grayanotoxin compounds and uncertainty around berry toxicity in this genus, treat as mildly toxic. Keep berries away from children and pets. |
| Japanese tassel fern | Polystichum polyblepharum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum ferns are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (related species Western sword fern, Polystichum munitum, and Christmas dagger, Polystichum acrostichoides, are both confirmed non-toxic). No toxic principle; ingestion may still cause mild, transient GI upset like any plant material. |
| Tassel grape hyacinth | Muscari comosum | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies Muscari as toxic to cats and dogs. Muscari species are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA, with no toxic principles identified. The bulbs of Muscari comosum have a long history of human consumption (as lampascioni in Italian cuisine), further supporting their low-toxicity status. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild GI upset due to bitter saponin-like compounds, but no serious toxicity is expected in pets. |
| Tasteless Stonecrop | Sedum sexangulare | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum sexangulare is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The genus Sedum has no documented toxic principles and multiple Sedum species appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. This species is considered pet-safe, though nibbling any plant material may produce mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Yukina Savoy | Brassica rapa var. narinosa 'Yukina Savoy' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other Brassica greens it contains glucosinolates/isothiocyanates that can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats if eaten in quantity; treat with caution and verify with a vet for pets. |
| tatsoi | Brassica rapa var. narinosa | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa greens are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Brassicas contain isothiocyanates and goitrogens, and large quantities can cause gas, GI upset, or thyroid effects in cats and dogs, so feed only sparingly. |
| Tatting Fern | Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium filix-femina and its cultivars are true ferns in family Athyriaceae, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known for this species or cultivar. Safe for households with pets. |
| Tattoo hosta | Hosta 'Tattoo' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Keep away from pets and contact a vet if any part is eaten. |
| Barkly's tavaresia | Tavaresia barklyi | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Tavaresia barklyi is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The related stapeliad Stapelia (Carrion Flower) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but because this genus is not individually confirmed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet. Its Apocynaceae sap may cause mild irritation if chewed. |
| large-flowered tavaresia | Tavaresia grandiflora | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Tavaresia grandiflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Its stapeliad relative Stapelia (Carrion Flower) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but as this genus is not individually confirmed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet. The latex sap of this Apocynaceae succulent can cause mild irritation if ingested. |
| Tawny Living Stones | Lithops fulviceps | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in Lithops fulviceps specifically. |
| Taiwan moss | Taxiphyllum alternans | tropical | Mildly toxic | Taiwan moss (Taxiphyllum alternans) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Taxiphyllum has no established ASPCA classification; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets that might nibble aquarium plants. |
| Java moss | Taxiphyllum barbieri | tropical | Mildly toxic | Java moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Taxiphyllum has no established ASPCA classification; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe for pets that may eat aquarium plants. |
| flame moss | Taxiphyllum sp. 'Flame' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Flame moss (Taxiphyllum sp. 'Flame') is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Taxiphyllum has no established ASPCA classification; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe for pets that may eat aquarium plants. |
| spiky moss | Taxiphyllum sp. 'Spiky' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Spiky moss (Taxiphyllum sp. 'Spiky') is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Taxiphyllum has no established ASPCA classification; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets that may nibble aquarium plants. |
| Tayabas begonia | Begonia tayabensis | tropical | Toxic | As a Begonia species it is toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA classification; soluble calcium oxalates throughout the plant cause oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting, and gastrointestinal distress upon ingestion, with the roots and rhizomes containing the highest levels. |
| tayberry | Rubus fruticosus × idaeus 'Tayberry' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rubus genus, per the ASPCA Creeping Rubus entry). Berries and foliage are safe; thorned forms can scratch pets, and gorging on fruit may cause mild GI upset. |
| tea plant | Camellia sinensis | edible | Mildly toxic | Camellia sinensis is not individually listed by ASPCA in their toxic/non-toxic plant database. The leaves and seeds contain caffeine, theobromine, and tannins. While dried and prepared tea is consumed in huge quantities by humans, concentrated ingestion of raw leaves by pets — especially cats and small dogs — could cause caffeine toxicity (restlessness, rapid heart rate, vomiting). Keep pets from consuming large quantities of fresh foliage. |
| Tea Tree Bonsai | Leptospermum scoparium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Leptospermum scoparium is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safe claim cannot be made; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Note separately that concentrated tea tree (melaleuca) ESSENTIAL OIL is dangerous to cats and dogs per ASPCA, though that is distilled oil rather than this living plant. |
| Teague's Porroglossum | Porroglossum teaguei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Porroglossum is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Orchidaceae (Pleurothallidinae) and contains no known toxic principles. The family is broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of fibrous plant material may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset but is not expected to cause serious harm. |
| Teasing Georgia | Rosa 'Teasing Georgia' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: true roses (Rosa species) are non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The only real risk is mechanical injury from thorns; keep pets away from cut stems and prunings. |
| Tectured Schismatoglottis | Schismatoglottis tecturata | houseplant | Toxic | Schismatoglottis is a member of the Araceae family and contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral burning, swelling, and drooling in cats, dogs, and humans. S. tecturata is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Araceae calcium oxalate toxicity applies to the genus; treat as toxic to pets. |
| Teddy Bear Palm | Dypsis leptocheilos | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis species, including Dypsis lutescens (areca palm), are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Dypsis leptocheilos is not individually listed but belongs to the same genus and family (Arecaceae); no toxic principles are known. Palms as a family have no established toxicity to companion animals. |
| Teddy Bear sunflower | Helianthus annuus 'Teddy Bear' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus annuus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. All parts of the plant — petals, leaves, and stems — are safe for pets. Large amounts may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Teddy Bear Vine | Cyanotis kewensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cyanotis kewensis is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. It belongs to Commelinaceae, a family with no recognised toxic principles to cats or dogs. Multiple reliable horticultural sources confirm it is non-toxic to pets. As always, ingestion of any plant material in large quantities may cause mild GI upset. |
| teff grass | Eragrostis tef | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eragrostis tef is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. Teff grain is consumed safely by humans, horses, and livestock as a food source. No toxic principles are known in the genus Eragrostis. It is a staple human food crop in Ethiopia and Eritrea and a recognised equine forage grass. |
| Telegraph cucumber | Cucumis sativus 'Telegraph Improved' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Cucumis sativus, cucumber). As with any plant, nibbling foliage or fruit can cause mild, transient stomach upset, but it carries no toxic principle. |
| Alderman pea | Pisum sativum 'Alderman' | edible | Mildly toxic | Pisum sativum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The cooked edible seeds are a common, safe pet-food ingredient, but the raw plant (vines, leaves, pods) can cause mild GI upset, and it is easily confused with the ornamental sweet pea (Lathyrus), which the ASPCA flags as toxic. Keep pets from grazing the foliage. |
| Tellmann's honeysuckle | Lonicera x tellmanniana | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Lonicera hybrid, the berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans if consumed. Lonicera x tellmanniana is not individually assessed by the ASPCA, but the Lonicera genus berries are considered a mild GI irritant. Not classified as severely toxic, but keep berries away from children and pets. |
| Temple Bells | Smithiantha cinnabarina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Smithiantha is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The Gesneriaceae family as a whole has no widely reported toxic principle, and many relatives (Episcia, Nematanthus, Streptocarpus) are confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA. However, as individual species data is absent, exercise caution with curious pets and keep out of reach of cats and dogs as a precaution. |
| Tenerife lavender | Lavandula buchii | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate. Clinical signs include nausea, vomiting (not in horses), and loss of appetite. |
| Tennessee coneflower | Echinacea tennesseensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Echinacea is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and Tennessee coneflower falls under this genus listing. Note that concentrated echinacea supplements or alcohol tinctures are a separate concern; the garden plant itself is not toxic, though large amounts of any foliage can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Teotl Palo | Fouquieria fasciculata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Fouquieria fasciculata (family Fouquieriaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No documented systemic toxin is reported for the genus. The sharp spines pose a significant physical injury risk to pets and children. Treat as mildly toxic and site accordingly. |
| Tepary Bean | Phaseolus acutifolius | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phaseolus acutifolius is a traditional food crop with a long human consumption history. ASPCA does not list it as toxic to pets. Unlike some Phaseolus species, tepary beans are low in cyanogenic compounds and PHA lectins relative to common beans, though raw dried beans should still not be fed to pets in large quantities as a general food-safety precaution. |
| Paper Spine Cactus | Tephrocactus articulatus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Tephrocactus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and true cacti are not generally regarded as systemically toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like its Opuntia relatives the real hazard is mechanical — barbed glochids and spines that lodge painfully in a pet's mouth, paws or skin. |
| Terap | Artocarpus elasticus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Artocarpus is not individually listed by ASPCA. The milky latex produced by the bark and unripe fruit (characteristic of Moraceae) can cause skin irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or humans. Ripe fruit pulp is consumed by people and is generally regarded as safe, but latex contact should be avoided. Exercise caution with pets and children. |
| Tessellated colchicum | Colchicum agrippinum | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Colchicum species contain colchicine and related alkaloids, which are highly toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. ASPCA lists Colchicum autumnale (autumn crocus) as toxic to dogs and cats, causing severe vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, multi-organ failure, and potentially death. C. agrippinum carries the same toxic principles. Keep pets away from corms, flowers, and foliage. |
| Checkered Vanda | Vanda tessellata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis orchid is the named non-toxic entry, with no orchid on the toxic list). Vanda tessellata is not individually catalogued, but as a member of Orchidaceae it has no calcium oxalates or known toxic principle. Non-toxic does not mean edible, so chewing may still cause mild gastric upset. |
| Tete Cycad | Encephalartos pterogonus | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species are severely toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. Cycasin and related compounds in all plant parts cause acute hepatotoxicity (liver failure), gastrointestinal haemorrhage, neurological effects, and death. ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic. Any suspected ingestion by pets requires immediate emergency veterinary care. |
| Gold Mossy Cypress | Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Tetragona Aurea' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chamaecyparis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The aromatic foliage contains volatile oils and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. |
| Chestnut Vine | Tetrastigma voinierianum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. It is in the grape family (Vitaceae); the related genus Cissus (grape ivy) is ASPCA-listed non-toxic, but Tetrastigma's status is unconfirmed, so do not assume it is pet-safe. Discourage chewing and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Texas Blazing Star | Liatris mucronata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Liatris mucronata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Liatris genus has no known toxic principles and other Liatris species are regarded as non-toxic to pets. Exercise standard caution, but no toxicity is expected. |
| Texas Bluebonnet | Lupinus texensis | flowering | Toxic | Lupinus texensis is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic principles include quinolizidine alkaloids found throughout the plant, with the highest concentration in seeds and seed pods. Ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases liver damage or respiratory failure. Keep pets away from seeds and pods. |
| Texas Bluebonnet Subsp. | Lupinus subcarneus | flowering | Toxic | As a member of the genus Lupinus, Lupinus subcarneus is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidance on Lupinus. Quinolizidine alkaloids are concentrated in seeds and pods. Ingestion can cause vomiting, weakness, labored breathing, and liver stress in companion animals and livestock. |
| Texas Rainbow Cactus | Echinocereus dasyacanthus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echinocereus is in the family Cactaceae and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses; however, the sharp spines pose a physical puncture hazard to curious pets. |
| Texas Sacahuista | Nolina texana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nolina texana is not individually listed by ASPCA for dogs or cats. Documented toxicity exists for sheep and goats (liver damage, rumen impaction from foliage), and genus Nolina seed extracts caused neurological symptoms in rodents in research settings. No toxic principles are confirmed for dogs or cats, but the related livestock toxicity warrants a cautious mildly-toxic designation. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Texas sage | Salvia coccinea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA explicitly lists Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. It is one of the few Salvia species individually verified as safe on the ASPCA database. |
| Teysmann's Medinilla | Medinilla teysmannii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Medinilla is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The family Melastomataceae has no well-documented mass-toxic compounds, and a related genus (Bertolonia) is listed as ASPCA non-toxic. However, since M. teysmannii is not specifically evaluated and ingestion data is lacking, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is appropriate. Consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Thai green eggplant | Solanum melongena 'Thai Green' | edible | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Solanum genus (nightshades) as toxic; aubergine leaves, stems and immature fruit contain solanine and related glycoalkaloids. Because Thai aubergines are eaten unripe, even the harvested fruit is best kept from pets. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and, in quantity, neurological signs — keep pets away from the plant. |
| Thai Basil | Ocimum basilicum 'Thai' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ocimum basilicum (basil) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Thai Basil is the same species and shares this safety profile. Safe for culinary use and around pets. |
| Siam Queen Basil | Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora 'Siam Queen' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thai basil is a cultivar of Ocimum basilicum, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The leaves are safe if a pet nibbles them; very large amounts could cause mild, passing digestive upset but present no poisoning hazard. |
| Thai Mountain Palm | Trachycarpus oreophilus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Trachycarpus genus is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Mild digestive upset may occur if significant amounts of foliage are consumed. |
| Thai Silk California poppy | Eschscholzia californica 'Thai Silk' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Eschscholzia californica contains isoquinoline alkaloids (californidine, eschscholtzine) distinct from those in Papaver but still capable of causing mild gastrointestinal upset — vomiting, nausea — in dogs and cats if ingested in quantity. The ASPCA does not list Eschscholzia californica individually on its toxic plant database, but given the alkaloid content, it is prudent to treat the plant as mildly toxic. The risk from casual contact or small ingestion is low. |
| Elin meadow rue | Thalictrum 'Elin' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thalictrum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists. As a buttercup-family (Ranunculaceae) plant it contains protoanemonin and alkaloids that can irritate the mouth and gut if eaten and the skin on contact; treat with caution, handle with gloves, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| columbine meadow rue | Thalictrum aquilegiifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thalictrum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists. As a member of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) it contains protoanemonin and alkaloids, irritant compounds that can cause mouth and gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation on contact; treat with caution, wear gloves when handling, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Hewitt's Double meadow rue | Thalictrum delavayi 'Hewitt's Double' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thalictrum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), members of which contain protoanemonin, a known skin and mucous-membrane irritant that can cause drooling, mouth irritation and gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution, wear gloves when handling, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| yellow meadow rue | Thalictrum flavum subsp. glaucum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thalictrum is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists. As a buttercup-family (Ranunculaceae) plant it contains protoanemonin and alkaloids, irritant compounds that can cause oral and gastrointestinal upset if eaten and skin irritation on contact; treat with caution, wear gloves when cutting it back, and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| lavender mist meadow rue | Thalictrum rochebrunianum | flowering | Toxic | Thalictrum is not individually catalogued on the ASPCA database, but meadow rues contain isoquinoline alkaloids and protoanemonin-type irritants that are recognised in veterinary poisonous-plant references; treat as toxic and verify with a vet. Ingestion or sap contact can cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting and diarrhoea. |
| Crab Cactus | Schlumbergera truncata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Schlumbergera). The fibrous segments can still cause mild, transient stomach upset such as vomiting if a pet eats a large amount, but there is no harmful chemical principle. |
| thatch palm | Thrinax radiata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Thrinax is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which classifies common true palms (areca, parlor, pygmy date) as non-toxic; no toxic principle is recorded for this genus. Treat as low-risk but unconfirmed, expect at most mild GI upset if fronds or fruit are eaten, and verify with a vet. It is not a cycad and not the toxic sago palm. |
| The Blues little bluestem | Schizachyrium scoparium 'The Blues' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Schizachyrium scoparium 'The Blues' is a cultivar of little bluestem in the grass family Poaceae. Grasses contain no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. Not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Safe for pets and livestock as with all Schizachyrium. |
| The Blues Little Bluestem | Schizachyrium scoparium 'The Blues' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Schizachyrium scoparium is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Little bluestem is a native prairie grass with no reported toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses. Considered safe in pet-accessible gardens. |
| The Bride pearlbush | Exochorda × macrantha 'The Bride' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Exochorda is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs or cats. No toxic principles are reported for this genus in standard veterinary or horticultural toxicology references. |
| The Dark Lady | Rosa 'The Dark Lady' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Rosa (true roses) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The thorns can still injure or irritate a pet's mouth if chewed. Do not confuse it with unrelated toxic plants sharing the 'rose' name, such as Christmas rose (Helleborus) or desert rose. |
| The Fairy | Rosa 'The Fairy' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species, 'Rose', non-toxic, no toxic principle). The plant is not poisonous; only the thorns and prickles can cause minor physical scratches to inquisitive pets. |
| The Generous Gardener | Rosa 'The Generous Gardener' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: true roses (Rosa species) are non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Risk is mechanical from thorns rather than poisoning; supervise pets around prunings and discarded stems. |
| The Governor lupine | Lupinus x regalis 'The Governor' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lupinus species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Lupins contain quinolizidine alkaloids (sparteine, lupinine) concentrated in the seeds and seed pods. Ingestion can cause vomiting, salivation, weakness, muscle tremors, and in severe cases seizures and collapse, particularly in livestock. All parts should be kept away from pets and children; seeds are most dangerous. |
| The King Ostrich Fern | Matteuccia struthiopteris 'The King' | edible | Mildly toxic | The edible fiddleheads (young croziers) of Matteuccia struthiopteris are safe to eat only when thoroughly cooked — raw or undercooked fiddleheads contain an unidentified heat-labile toxin that can cause food poisoning (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea). Health Canada and the US FDA advise boiling or steaming for at least 10–15 minutes before consumption. Not individually listed by ASPCA for pet toxicity, but due to the documented human toxicity of raw fronds, the plant should be kept out of reach of pets and small children. |
| The Pilgrim | Rosa 'The Pilgrim' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: true roses (Rosa species) are non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The risk is mechanical injury from thorns, not poisoning; keep pets away from cut stems and prunings. |
| The Rocket ligularia | Ligularia × hessei 'The Rocket' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ligularia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed. It belongs to the tribe Senecioneae (alongside Senecio/Curio, which the ASPCA lists as toxic) and that group is broadly associated with hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, so treat it with caution, keep pets from grazing it, and verify with a vet. |
| Thelma's begonia | Begonia thelmae | tropical | Toxic | Begonia species are listed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; the toxic compounds are soluble calcium oxalates, which are most concentrated in the roots and rhizomes. Ingestion causes intense oral burning, excessive salivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Glory of Texas | Thelocactus bicolor | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thelocactus is a member of Cactaceae, which the ASPCA does not list among plants toxic to cats and dogs; it is not known to be poisonous. The real risk is mechanical injury from the long, stiff spines, so keep it away from curious pets. |
| Table Mountain Cactus | Thelocactus hexaedrophorus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thelocactus is part of the family Cactaceae, which the ASPCA does not list as toxic to cats or dogs, and this species is not known to be poisonous. As with all cacti, the practical concern is injury from the spines rather than any toxic principle. |
| Miniature Barrel Cactus | Thelocactus setispinus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | This species sits within Cactaceae, a family the ASPCA does not include in its toxic-plant listings; it is not regarded as poisonous to cats or dogs. The only meaningful hazard is the hooked, sharp spines, which can snag and injure pets. |
| Therese Bugnet | Rosa 'Therese Bugnet' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (genus Rosa). No toxic principle is present in petals or foliage. With its near-thornless stems, even the usual scratch risk from prickles is minimal. |
| Thessalian aubrieta | Aubrieta thessala | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aubrieta is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic principles are documented in horticultural literature, but absence from the database is not a confirmed safety clearance. Classify as mildly-toxic and advise caution with pets. |
| Thick Gongora | Gongora grossa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gongora belongs to Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA recognises as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Gongora grossa is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no known toxic principles. Considered safe for homes with pets. |
| Thick-footed Operculicarya | Operculicarya pachypus | tropical | Mildly toxic | Operculicarya pachypus belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, which contains phenolic resins and tannins that can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. The species is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and is not known to be seriously toxic to pets. However, because Anacardiaceae plants can cause mucosal irritation and skin sensitisation, ingestion of plant material by pets or children should be discouraged and the sap avoided on skin. |
| Thick-leaf Goldfish Plant | Nematanthus crassifolius | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Nematanthus spp. (Gold-Fish Plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Thick-leaf Primulina | Primulina crassifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina crassifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Given the absence of confirmed safety data for cats and dogs for this species, it is conservatively classified mildly-toxic; do not allow pets to ingest the plant and contact a veterinarian if exposure occurs. |
| Thick-stemmed Aichryson | Aichryson pachycaulon | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aichryson pachycaulon is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to Crassulaceae, a family with both toxic and non-toxic genera. No documented toxic principle exists for Aichryson specifically, but the absence of a confirmed non-toxic listing means caution is warranted. Keep away from pets and children pending individual ASPCA confirmation. |
| Thieme's begonia | Begonia thiemei | houseplant | Toxic | All Begonia species are listed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated in the roots and tubers. Ingestion causes oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Thiessen saskatoon | Amelanchier alnifolia 'Thiessen' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Amelanchier alnifolia is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Saskatoon berries are a traditional Indigenous food and widely consumed by humans; no toxic principles are associated with the genus for dogs or cats. |
| Thimble Cactus | Mammillaria gracilis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Mammillaria carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Thin-Leaved Air Plant | Tillandsia tenuifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Eating large amounts of leaf material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Thin-Leaved Sunflower | Helianthus decapetalus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus species are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Helianthus decapetalus. Safe to plant in gardens accessible to pets. |
| Thin-Spiked Air Plant | Tillandsia tenuispica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion of plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset in some animals. |
| Thistle sage | Salvia carduacea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Salvia carduacea is not individually listed but belongs to the same non-toxic Salvia genus; considered safe around pets. |
| Thomas Edison Dahlia | Dahlia pinnata 'Thomas Edison' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Dahlia species as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion of foliage or tubers may cause mild gastrointestinal disturbance and possible skin irritation. Not classified as a severe poisoning risk; seek veterinary advice if significant amounts are consumed. |
| Thompson Seedless grape | Vitis vinifera 'Thompson Seedless' | edible | Toxic | Grapes (Vitis) are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs; grapes and raisins (including sultanas from this cultivar) can cause acute kidney failure in dogs even in small, unpredictable amounts, with vomiting, lethargy, and decreased urination. Keep berries, raisins, and fallen fruit out of reach of dogs. |
| Thomsonii Wax Plant | Hoya thomsonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya thomsonii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Hoya genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Sweetheart Hoya (Hoya kerrii), Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa) and Hindu Rope (Hoya carnosa 'krinkle kurl') all as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with none toxic. It is therefore generally treated as pet-safe, though nibbling any plant can cause mild stomach upset; verify with your vet. |
| Thorn Apple | Datura stramonium | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain tropane alkaloids — primarily atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. These cause anticholinergic poisoning in dogs, cats, horses, and humans: dilated pupils, rapid heart rate, hyperthermia, hallucinations, seizures, coma, and death. The seeds are the most concentrated part. ASPCA lists Datura species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. This plant should not be grown in gardens with access by children or pets. |
| thornless boysenberry | Rubus ursinus × idaeus 'Thornless Boysenberry' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Rubus genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA lists Creeping Rubus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses). The berries, leaves, and canes are not poisonous; the main hazards are physical — fibrous leaves can cause mild digestive upset if a pet gorges, and thorny relatives can scratch, though this cultivar is thornless. |
| thornless evergreen blackberry | Rubus laciniatus 'Thornless Evergreen' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic: the ASPCA lists Rubus (Creeping Rubus, Rubus pedatus) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and blackberry leaves and fruit are not considered poisonous. The thornless canes also remove the usual thorn-scratch hazard. Berries are safe for pets in moderation. |
| Thorny Adenia | Adenia globosa | houseplant | Toxic | Adenia globosa contains highly toxic cyanogenic glycosides and modeccin (a type II ribosome-inactivating protein) throughout all plant parts. Ingestion is potentially lethal to pets and humans. It is not individually listed by ASPCA but the toxicity of this species is well-documented in scientific literature. Wear thick gloves when handling (spines and sap are both hazardous) and keep strictly away from all animals and children. |
| Thorny Bamboo | Bambusa blumeana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are known in Bambusa blumeana. However, the sharp thorns pose a physical injury risk to pets and children, so placement in accessible areas requires care. |
| Thorny Chin Cactus | Gymnocalycium horridispinum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The stout, curved spines present a physical hazard — keep out of reach of pets and small children. |
| Thorny Specklinia | Specklinia tribuloides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Specklinia is in the family Orchidaceae. The ASPCA lists numerous orchid genera as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Specklinia is not individually named, but no toxic principle is known for this genus. As with all Pleurothallidinae, treat with standard caution. |
| Thorny Zamia | Zamia muricata | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia muricata are severely toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. Cycads contain cycasin and BMAA, which cause gastrointestinal distress, liver failure, and potentially fatal neurological damage. ASPCA lists cycads (Zamia spp.) as toxic to dogs and cats. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if ingested. |
| Thoroughwax | Bupleurum rotundifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bupleurum rotundifolium is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. No significant toxic compounds have been identified for this ornamental Apiaceae annual. It is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets, though ingestion of any non-food plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Thouars Cycad | Cycas thouarsii | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Cycas thouarsii contain cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glycoside), a potent hepatotoxin. The ASPCA lists the Cycas genus as toxic to dogs and cats; ingestion of even a small amount of seed or leaf material can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, liver failure, and death. Immediate veterinary treatment is required. |
| Thread-Leaf Air Plant | Tillandsia araujei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA considers Tillandsia non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tillandsia araujei poses no known poisoning risk; however, the stiff needle-like leaves can be mechanically irritating if chewed in quantity. |
| Thread-Leaved Air Plant | Tillandsia filifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles; ingestion of the fibrous leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation at most. |
| Threadleaf Coreopsis | Coreopsis verticillata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Coreopsis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known for Coreopsis verticillata or its cultivars. |
| Three-Colored Lycaste | Lycaste tricolor | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lycaste is not individually listed by ASPCA, but orchids in the Orchidaceae family have no reported toxic principle and no documented cases of harm to cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe in line with the general non-toxic orchid classification. |
| Three-coloured bladderwort | Utricularia tricolor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Utricularia tricolor is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic compounds have been identified, but as the genus is absent from authoritative pet-safety databases a mildly-toxic rating is applied as a precaution; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Tricolor Vanda | Vanda tricolor | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis orchid is the named, non-toxic entry, and no orchid appears on its toxic list). Vanda tricolor is not individually listed, but as a true orchid it contains no calcium oxalates or recognised toxic compounds. As with any houseplant, ingestion can still cause mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Three-leaf Licuala | Licuala triphylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Licuala triphylla is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Arecaceae family is broadly considered non-toxic and several palm genera are explicitly ASPCA-listed as pet-safe. No toxic principle has been identified for Licuala. Given the plant's small size and collector rarity, accidental ingestion by pets is unlikely but if it occurs, consult a vet. |
| Three-leaved Lantana | Lantana trifolia | flowering | Toxic | The Lantana genus is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses via pentacyclic triterpenoids (lantadenes). Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, laboured breathing, and weakness; liver failure has been recorded in livestock. L. trifolia contains the same toxic compounds and should be kept away from pets. |
| Three-Leaved Stork's Bill | Erodium trifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium trifolium is not listed by ASPCA as a toxic plant, and no documented toxic principles exist for this species within the genus Erodium. Because the ASPCA database does not carry a confirmed 'non-toxic' entry for this exact species, it is prudent to treat it as mildly-toxic; mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if cats or dogs consume foliage. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Three-lobed Coneflower | Rudbeckia triloba | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rudbeckia triloba is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats, dogs, or horses; a pet-safe classification cannot be confirmed. As with other rudbeckias, sesquiterpene lactones in the leaf hairs and sap may cause contact dermatitis or mild gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. Consult a vet if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Three-Nerved Peperomia | Peperomia trinervis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle has been identified in the genus, and the three-nerved peperomia is not associated with serious pet poisoning events. |
| Three-part begonia | Begonia tripartita | houseplant | Toxic | As a Begonia species, it is toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA guidance. Soluble calcium oxalates are present throughout the plant, with the highest concentration in the root system. Symptoms of ingestion include oral burning, hypersalivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Three-yoked sage | Salvia trijuga | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. As a member of Salvia, a genus containing species with potentially toxic volatile compounds (such as thujone in S. officinalis), Salvia trijuga is conservatively classified as mildly toxic. Ingestion by cats or dogs may result in gastrointestinal upset, salivation, or mild neurological signs. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Threeleaf Arrowhead | Sagittaria trifolia | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sagittaria species (aquatic arrowheads) are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and are widely regarded as non-toxic. The starchy corms are an important edible food crop across Asia, further supporting the non-toxic classification. Note: 'arrowhead vine' toxicity records refer to Syngonium podophyllum, a completely different genus. |
| Threeleaf Foamflower | Tiarella trifoliata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tiarella is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database (neither toxic nor non-toxic). No significant toxic principles are documented for the genus in peer-reviewed veterinary literature, but because an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing is absent, the precautionary classification is mildly-toxic. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Sea Thrift | Armeria maritima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Armeria maritima is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as toxic; it is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. As with any plant, ingesting large quantities may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Throatwort | Trachelium caeruleum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trachelium caeruleum is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus and its family (Campanulaceae) have no documented toxic principles for cats or dogs. No toxic alkaloids, oxalates, or glycosides have been reported. Mild gastrointestinal upset remains possible if ingested in quantity. |
| Thunberg spirea | Spiraea thunbergii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Spiraea spp. as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No systemic toxic compounds have been documented in S. thunbergii. |
| Thunberg's astilbe | Astilbe thunbergii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Astilbe (genus) is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Astilbe thunbergii poses no known toxicity risk to pets or humans. |
| Thunberg's Cycad | Encephalartos longifolius | tropical | Toxic | All Encephalartos species, including E. longifolius, contain cycasin and related macrozamin glycosides — potent hepatotoxins and neurotoxins. The ASPCA lists cycads as severely toxic to dogs and cats; ingestion (particularly seeds) can cause irreversible liver failure and death. All plant parts are hazardous. Treat as a toxic-plant no-go zone around pets and young children. |
| Blue glory bower | Thunbergia battiscombei | tropical | Mildly toxic | Thunbergia battiscombei is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Thunbergia does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic plant lists. Without authoritative ASPCA grounding, treat it as uncertain and potentially mildly toxic; keep it away from pets and consult a vet if any is eaten. |
| Bush clock vine | Thunbergia erecta | tropical | Mildly toxic | Thunbergia erecta is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, nor is the genus Thunbergia. With no authoritative ASPCA non-toxic grounding, treat it as potentially mildly toxic if chewed, keep it away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| blue trumpet vine | Thunbergia grandiflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild stomach upset and vomiting in cats and dogs, so keep pets from chewing the leaves and flowers. |
| common thyme | Thymus vulgaris | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thyme is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Thyme-leaved Edraianthus | Edraianthus serpyllifolius | flowering | Mildly toxic | Edraianthus serpyllifolius is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. The family Campanulaceae includes genera of variable toxicity. In the absence of a confirmed non-toxic listing, classify as mildly-toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Thyme-leaved Fuchsia | Fuchsia thymifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fuchsia triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Thyme-leaved Sandwort | Arenaria serpyllifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Arenaria serpyllifolia is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and no reports of significant toxicity to cats or dogs appear in veterinary literature. As ASPCA non-toxic status is unconfirmed, it is classified here as mildly-toxic out of caution. Contact a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| thyrse ginger lily | Hedychium thyrsiforme | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hedychium thyrsiforme is not individually listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. The genus contains irritant compounds in the rhizomes and sap; ingestion by cats or dogs may result in drooling, vomiting, and digestive upset. Classified as mildly toxic on a precautionary basis. |
| Tian Shan Everlasting | Helichrysum thianschanicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Helichrysum thianschanicum is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. Related Helichrysum species contain terpenoid compounds including camphor that may cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. Classified here as mildly-toxic on precautionary grounds; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Tibetan whitebeam | Sorbus thibetica 'John Mitchell' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Raw berries contain parasorbic acid and trace cyanogenic compounds typical of the Sorbus genus. Ingestion of large quantities of raw berries can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal distress in pets and humans. ASPCA does not individually list this cultivar. Treat as mildly toxic; cooked berries lose toxicity. |
| Tidal Wave Silver Petunia | Petunia × hybrida 'Tidal Wave Silver' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petunia (Petunia spp.) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Tidal Wave Silver, as a Petunia × hybrida cultivar, shares this non-toxic classification. |
| Partridge Breast Aloe | Gonialoe variegata | houseplant | Toxic | Treat as toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic (toxic principles saponins and anthraquinones/aloin), causing vomiting, lethargy, diarrhoea and reddish urine. Although recently reclassified into Gonialoe, this species (formerly Aloe variegata, 'partridge breast aloe') retains the same aloin-bearing leaf sap, so the ASPCA Aloe caution applies. |
| Tiger Oncidium | Oncidium tigrinum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Orchids in the Orchidaceae family (the ASPCA individually clears Phalaenopsis and other orchids) carry no toxic principle; Oncidium is not on the ASPCA toxic list. Bark, fertiliser salts or pesticide residue can still cause mild stomach upset if chewed, so keep out of reach. |
| Variegated Boston fern | Nephrolepis exaltata 'Tiger Fern' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a cultivar of Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata), which is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, the Tiger Fern contains no toxic principle such as calcium oxalates. Nibbling may cause only mild gastrointestinal upset from plant fibre, not poisoning. |
| Tiger flower | Tigridia pavonia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tigridia pavonia is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and multiple horticultural sources including the BBC Gardeners' World and Gardenia.net state it has no toxic effects reported. The bulbs were historically consumed by the Aztecs. However, as a member of Iridaceae — a family that does include toxic genera — and in the absence of a formal ASPCA non-toxic listing, a cautious mildly-toxic classification is applied here. Discourage pets from chewing the plant; consult a vet if substantial ingestion occurs. |
| Tiger Jaws | Faucaria tigrina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Faucaria tigrina is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus Faucaria has no ASPCA-listed members. Although closely related ice-plant-family (Aizoaceae) succulents such as Lithops and Pleiospilos are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic, those are different genera, so we treat Tiger Jaws conservatively as potentially mildly toxic and recommend keeping it away from pets and confirming with your vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Tiger Kitten begonia | Begonia 'Tiger Kitten' | houseplant | Toxic | Begonia 'Tiger Kitten' belongs to the Begonia genus, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of any part — particularly the rhizome — can cause oral irritation, excessive salivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing due to soluble oxalate crystals. |
| Tiger Lily | Lilium tigrinum | flowering | Toxic | Severely toxic to cats (ASPCA confirmed, genus Lilium). All parts — leaves, flowers, pollen, stem, and bulbs — cause acute kidney failure in cats, often fatal within 24–72 hours without emergency treatment. Also noted to cause GI upset in dogs. Must be kept completely away from cats. |
| Amboina Phalaenopsis | Phalaenopsis amboinensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phalaenopsis (moth orchids) are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are broadly regarded as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. The worst likely outcome from chewing is mild digestive upset; verify with a vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| tiger nut | Cyperus esculentus | edible | Mildly toxic | Cyperus esculentus is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so an authoritative pet-safety classification is unavailable; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than asserting it is pet-safe. The tubers are widely eaten by people and are not known to be poisonous, but without ASPCA grounding we do not label it safe; keep large quantities away from pets and seek advice if a pet eats it. |
| Giant Orchid | Grammatophyllum speciosum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Grammatophyllum is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The Orchidaceae family is broadly regarded as non-toxic and the ASPCA lists Phalaenopsis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but this genus has no specific ASPCA assessment, so keep it out of pets' reach and consult a vet if any part is ingested. |
| Eyelash Begonia | Begonia bowerae 'Tiger Paws' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates and signs are vomiting and salivation. The most toxic part is underground (the rhizome). Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Tooth Aloe | Aloe juvenna | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic; the toxic principles saponins and anthraquinones (aloin) can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and reddish urine. As a true Aloe species, tiger tooth aloe is covered by this ASPCA caution despite its soft, harmless-looking teeth. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Tigerella tomato | Solanum lycopersicum 'Tigerella' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to solanine in the green leaves, stems and unripe fruit; signs include hypersalivation, GI upset, drowsiness, weakness, dilated pupils and slow heart rate. The ripe red fruit is non-toxic, but keep pets away from the foliage. |
| Small-leaved Lime | Tilia cordata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tilia (linden/lime) appears on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. As with any plant, a pet eating large amounts of leaves or flowers may experience mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, but no poisonous principle is involved. |
| Weeping Silver Lime | Tilia tomentosa 'Petiolaris' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The genus Tilia (linden/lime) is on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list, so the weeping silver lime is not considered poisonous to pets. Eating large quantities of leaves or flowers may cause mild, passing stomach upset, as with any plant material. |
| Air carnation | Tillandsia aeranthos | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia, in the bromeliad family, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no known toxic principle. Keep out of reach all the same, since the firm fibrous leaves could irritate the mouth or gut, or pose a choking risk if swallowed. |
| andreana air plant | Tillandsia andreana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia (air plants), in the bromeliad family, is widely reported as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. The fine leaves can be a minor choking hazard if chewed and a swallowed clump could cause gut blockage in small pets, so it is safe but best kept out of reach of nibblers. |
| Bailey's air plant | Tillandsia baileyi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tillandsia air plants are part of the bromeliad group recognised on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so curious pets are not at risk of poisoning, though the wiry leaves are not meant to be eaten. |
| Berger's air plant | Tillandsia bergeri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia and bromeliads generally are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, making it pet-safe. |
| Blushing air plant | Tillandsia brachycaulos | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia air plants, in the bromeliad family, are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no known toxic principle. Keep out of reach anyway, as chewed fibrous leaves can cause mild gut upset or pose a choking risk. |
| Bulbous Air Plant | Tillandsia bulbosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tillandsia species are covered by the ASPCA's non-toxic bromeliad classification, so this air plant poses no poisoning risk; the soft leaves carry no chemical hazard. |
| Butz's air plant | Tillandsia butzii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia and bromeliads generally are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, so it is safe in homes with pets. |
| capitata air plant | Tillandsia capitata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Tillandsia and bromeliads carry no recognised toxic principle. The leaves can be slightly stiff, so a large swallowed piece may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or a choking risk, but the plant itself is not poisonous. |
| Medusa's head air plant | Tillandsia caput-medusae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Tillandsia). The tough, fibrous leaves may pose a minor choking or GI-blockage hazard if a large piece is swallowed, so keep out of reach of pets that chew. |
| concolor air plant | Tillandsia concolor | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Tillandsia and bromeliads have no recognised toxic principle. The stiff, pointed leaves could pose a mild choking or gastrointestinal-upset risk if a large piece is swallowed, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| Cardinal air plant | Tillandsia fasciculata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia, a member of the bromeliad family, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no known toxic principle. Keep out of reach regardless, as the large fibrous leaves could cause gut irritation or pose a choking hazard if chewed. |
| Fuchs' air plant | Tillandsia fuchsii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia and bromeliads generally are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, making air plants a safe choice around pets. |
| Funckiana air plant | Tillandsia funckiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a Tillandsia in the bromeliad family, it is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no known toxic principle. Keep out of reach regardless, since the wiry fibrous leaves could cause minor irritation or a choking hazard if chewed. |
| Gardner's air plant | Tillandsia gardneri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia (air plants), a bromeliad genus, is widely reported as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves could be a minor choking or gut-blockage hazard if a pet swallows a piece, so it is safe but best kept out of reach of animals that chew houseplants. |
| Druid air plant | Tillandsia ionantha 'Druid' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Tillandsia). The firm leaves could pose a minor choking or blockage risk if a chunk is swallowed, so site it away from pets that chew plants. |
| Fuego air plant | Tillandsia ionantha 'Fuego' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Tillandsia). Note the stiff leaves can be a minor choking or GI-blockage hazard if a large piece is swallowed, so keep out of reach of chewing pets. |
| Rush-like air plant | Tillandsia juncea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia, a bromeliad, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no known toxic principle. Still keep out of reach, as the stiff grassy leaves could scratch or irritate the mouth and gut, or present a choking hazard if chewed. |
| Leibold's tillandsia | Tillandsia leiboldiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia and bromeliads generally are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, so it is safe in pet households. |
| Magnus air plant | Tillandsia magnusiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Tillandsia (air plants) are named on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. No systemic toxin is present, though a chewed plant may cause mild, transient stomach upset simply from fibrous plant material. |
| chaffy tillandsia | Tillandsia paleacea | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia (air plants) are non-toxic to cats and dogs; the ASPCA lists bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad as non-toxic, and Tillandsia is widely confirmed pet-safe. A swallowed piece could be a minor choking or blockage risk, but the plant is not poisonous. |
| many-spiked tillandsia | Tillandsia polystachia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Tillandsia belongs to the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae), which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic. The stiff, pointed leaves can be a choking or mouth-irritation hazard if chewed, so keep out of reach of pets even though the plant is not poisonous. |
| fuzzywuzzy air plant | Tillandsia pruinosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Tillandsia and bromeliads carry no recognised toxic principle. A large swallowed piece could cause mild gastrointestinal upset or a choking risk, but the plant itself is not poisonous to pets. |
| pseudobailey air plant | Tillandsia pseudobaileyi | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Tillandsia (air plants) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. No systemic toxin is present; at most a chewed plant could cause minor digestive upset from fibrous material. The stiff, pointed leaves are the only real hazard. |
| recurved air plant | Tillandsia recurvifolia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia and bromeliads generally are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, so it is safe around pets. |
| Schiede's air plant | Tillandsia schiedeana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Tillandsia (air plants) feature on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. No systemic toxin is present; chewing might cause minor transient digestive upset from fibrous material but no poisoning. |
| seleriana air plant | Tillandsia seleriana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia (air plants), in the bromeliad family, is widely reported as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with all air plants, a swallowed piece could be a minor choking or gut-blockage hazard, so it is safe yet best kept out of reach of pets that chew foliage. |
| shirley temple air plant | Tillandsia streptophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia (air plants), a bromeliad genus, is widely reported as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. The firm leaves can pose a minor choking hazard or gut blockage risk if a pet swallows a chunk, so it is safe but best displayed out of reach of chewers. |
| Upright air plant | Tillandsia stricta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Tillandsia). The fine leaves carry only a minor physical choking or blockage risk if a large piece is swallowed; keep away from pets inclined to chew. |
| Snowball air plant | Tillandsia tectorum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia (air plants), part of the bromeliad family, are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no known toxic principle. Still keep out of reach, as dry fibrous leaves can be a choking or gut-irritation hazard if chewed. |
| tricolor tillandsia | Tillandsia tricolor | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Tillandsia (air plants) are on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list. No systemic toxin is present, and the worst likely outcome from chewing is mild, short-lived stomach upset from fibrous plant material. |
| velvet air plant | Tillandsia velutina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a Tillandsia, it falls within the bromeliad group recognised by the ASPCA as non-toxic, posing no poisoning risk to pets, though the leaves are not intended as food. |
| King of Air Plants | Tillandsia xerographica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tillandsia and other bromeliads are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic; the stiff leaf tips can scratch, so the only real caution is physical, not chemical. |
| Timperley Early rhubarb | Rheum × hybridum 'Timperley Early' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists rhubarb as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated in the leaves (the edible stalks are safe for people once cooked). Reported signs include kidney failure, tremors and salivation. Keep pets away from the foliage and never compost leaves where animals graze. |
| Tina butterwort | Pinguicula 'Tina' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinguicula hybrids are not listed individually by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. No toxic compounds are documented for the genus Pinguicula. The digestive enzymes on the leaf surface target invertebrate prey and pose no known poisoning risk to cats or dogs, though discourage chewing to avoid mild stomach upset. |
| Tiny Dunce Cap | Orostachys minuta | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orostachys species are considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. No toxic compounds have been documented for this genus and multiple sources referencing ASPCA data list Orostachys as pet-safe. |
| Tiny sea lavender | Limonium minutum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (statice / sea lavender) is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as a toxic species and is widely considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; ingestion of large quantities may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Tiny Stelis | Stelis pusilla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stelis belongs to Orchidaceae, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Stelis is not individually cited by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are documented in the genus. |
| Tiny sundew | Drosera parvula | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as either toxic or non-toxic; they contain plumbagin (a 1,4-naphthoquinone) which may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs. Classify as mildly-toxic and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Tiny-calyx Columnea | Columnea microcalyx | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Columnea (Gesneriaceae, Goldfish Plant) is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs and Non-Toxic to Cats by the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Tiramisu coral bells | Heuchera 'Tiramisu' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (entry: Coral Bells, Heuchera sanguinea). Large quantities may still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, as any plant material can. |
| titan arum | Amorphophallus titanum | tropical | Toxic | Amorphophallus is an aroid (Araceae) genus carrying insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, the toxic principle the ASPCA cites across the aroid family; treat as toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing any part causes severe oral burning, drooling, vomiting, and swallowing difficulty. It is a botanical-collection plant, but keep all parts away from pets and children. |
| Schlechter's titanopsis | Titanopsis hugo-schlechteri | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Titanopsis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity is not formally established. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe; keep out of reach of pets that chew plants. |
| Primos' titanopsis | Titanopsis primosii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Titanopsis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Aizoaceae mesembs are not generally reported as seriously toxic, but the absence of an ASPCA listing means pet-safety cannot be confirmed. |
| Schwantes' titanopsis | Titanopsis schwantesii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Titanopsis is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. While Aizoaceae mesembs are not commonly reported as dangerously toxic, lacking an ASPCA entry means a pet-safe claim is not supportable. |
| Oldham's titanotrichum | Titanotrichum oldhamii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and no close relative in family Gesneriaceae is flagged as toxic; the family's listed members (African violet, gloxinia) are non-toxic, which is reassuring. Even so, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe, as this genus has no specific ASPCA entry. |
| Toad Tree | Tabernaemontana elegans | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Tabernaemontana elegans contain toxic alkaloids consistent with the Apocynaceae family. The attractive, warty orange-pulped fruits are highly toxic if ingested. The plant is used in traditional African medicine and as a fish poison, confirming potent toxic principles. Not individually listed by ASPCA; treat as toxic to pets and children. Do not ingest any plant part. |
| Toadshade Trillium | Trillium sessile | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium sessile is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. NC State Extension notes low-severity poisonous characteristics, with the fruits and roots listed as potentially irritating parts and the toxic principle unconfirmed. As a member of the Trilliaceae family with steroidal saponins reported in related species, treat with caution — keep pets and children from ingesting any part, especially roots and berries. |
| Tobacco Root | Valeriana edulis | herb | Mildly toxic | Valeriana edulis is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The raw root contains bitter valerenic-type compounds that are unpalatable and potentially irritating in quantity — traditional preparation involved prolonged cooking specifically to remove these. Uncooked root material may cause GI upset in pets. The cooked root is considered edible for humans in ethnobotanical tradition but keep raw plant material away from pets. |
| Tobacco-leaf Primulina | Primulina tabacum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina tabacum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. With no confirmed toxicological data for cats and dogs, and in the absence of a species-specific ASPCA listing, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a veterinarian immediately if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Toe toe | Cortaderia richardii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cortaderia selloana (common pampas grass) is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA; C. richardii belongs to the same genus with no reported toxic principles. However, the sharp-edged leaf blades can cause mechanical injury if chewed or handled. |
| toffee twist sedge | Carex flagellifera 'Toffee Twist' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex (sedge) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The grassy foliage may cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity. |
| Toilet Pitcher Plant | Nepenthes jamban | tropical | Mildly toxic | Nepenthes are not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and no confirmed toxicity cases in cats or dogs have been documented. The digestive fluid inside pitchers may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if swallowed by pets. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Tojen toad lily | Tricyrtis 'Tojen' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tricyrtis is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a toad lily it is NOT a true lily (Lilium) and does not pose the severe feline kidney-failure risk of Lilium or Hemerocallis — but it is not confirmed non-toxic, so prevent chewing and consult a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Tokudama hosta | Hosta tokudama 'Flavocircinalis' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Site away from pets and seek veterinary advice if a pet eats any part of the plant. |
| Equitant Oncidium | Tolumnia variegata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tolumnia (the equitant oncidiums, segregated from Oncidium) is not separately listed, but Oncidium is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs and no toxic principle is reported in this group. It is regarded as non-toxic; chewing may cause only mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Tom Thumb Cactus | Parodia mammulosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Parodia mammulosa is not individually listed by ASPCA. No systemic toxic compounds are documented in this genus. Physical injury from spines is the primary concern for pets and children. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. Handle with care and keep out of reach of pets. |
| Indian Head Cactus | Parodia ottonis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Parodia is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and no toxic compound is documented for cacti. The sharp spines are the only genuine hazard, so keep the plant out of reach of curious pets. |
| Tomaselli's Dioon | Dioon tomasellii | tropical | Toxic | Like all members of Zamiaceae, Dioon tomasellii contains cycasin and BMAA neurotoxin throughout all plant parts. Ingestion causes severe vomiting, acute liver failure, neurological damage, and can be fatal to dogs and cats. Seeds are especially dangerous. ASPCA lists cycads as severely toxic; Dioon carries the same toxin profile as the well-studied sago palm. |
| Mexican husk tomato | Physalis philadelphica | edible | Mildly toxic | Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) is a Solanaceae nightshade and is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ripe fruit is edible, but the leaves, stems, and unripe husk-fruit contain solanine-type glycoalkaloids typical of the nightshade family. Treat the plant with caution around pets and verify with a vet if green parts are eaten; signs can include vomiting and diarrhoea. |
| garden tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists tomato foliage and unripe fruit as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to solanine. The ripe fruit is safe. |
| Tommies Crocus | Crocus tommasinianus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Crocus tommasinianus is a spring crocus and mildly toxic if ingested by cats or dogs, potentially causing mild vomiting, drooling, and diarrhea. It is critically different from the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), which is severely toxic and potentially fatal. If a pet ingests this spring crocus, contact a veterinarian. Not listed individually by the ASPCA, but spring crocus species (Crocus sp.) are categorised as mildly toxic. |
| Tommy Atkins mango | Mangifera indica 'Tommy Atkins' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mango (Mangifera indica) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The ripe flesh is generally tolerated in small amounts, but the skin, sap and leaves contain urushiol-related compounds (it shares a family with poison ivy and cashew) that can irritate, and the pit holds a trace of cyanide plus a choking/obstruction hazard. Keep skin, pits and prunings out of reach of pets. |
| Tompa Spruce | Picea abies 'Tompa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Norway spruce (Picea abies) does not appear on the ASPCA's toxic-plant list and has no recognised toxic principle, so it is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. Sharp needles may cause mild mechanical or stomach irritation if chewed; discourage ingestion and watch for short-lived GI upset after a large nibble. |
| Tongue Fern | Pyrrosia lingua | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrrosia is a true fern genus not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database; true ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported, though chewing the felted fronds could cause minor stomach upset in pets. |
| Tongue Leaf Plant | Glottiphyllum longum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Glottiphyllum belongs to Aizoaceae and is not individually listed by ASPCA. Aizoaceae mesembs generally have a low toxicity profile, but ingestion of succulent plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and children. Keep out of reach as a precaution. |
| Tongue of Fire bean | Phaseolus vulgaris 'Tongue of Fire' | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like other Phaseolus vulgaris, raw shell beans, dried seeds and foliage contain lectins (phytohaemagglutinin) that can cause gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs if eaten uncooked. Cooked beans are far less concerning. Treat raw plant material with caution and verify with a vet on ingestion. |
| Toothed Davallia | Davallia denticulata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Davallia denticulata belongs to the family Davalliaceae. Davallia ferns are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. The large, woolly rhizomes are non-toxic even if chewed by curious pets. |
| toothed fly bush | Roridula dentata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Roridula dentata is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus contains no known toxic compounds to cats, dogs, or humans. The sticky resin is a physical trap mechanism only. As with any non-food plant, large ingestion may cause mild GI upset. |
| Toothed Fuchsia | Fuchsia denticulata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fuchsia triphylla (Honeysuckle Fuchsia) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; no toxic principles are identified for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested. |
| Toothed Nemesia | Nemesia denticulata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nemesia denticulata does not appear in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus, but because no formal non-toxic listing exists, the mildly-toxic classification is used as a precaution. |
| Toothed sage | Salvia runcinata | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in Salvia runcinata. |
| Toothpick plant | Ammi visnaga | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ammi visnaga contains furanocoumarins (including khellin and visnagin) and other bioactive compounds used medicinally at controlled doses but toxic in excess. Like Ammi majus, sap contact combined with sunlight can cause phytophotodermatitis. The ASPCA does not individually list this species; handle with gloves and keep pets from consuming significant quantities. |
| Toothwort | Cardamine diphylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cardamine diphylla belongs to the Brassicaceae (mustard) family and contains glucosinolates that give the rhizomes their characteristic peppery flavour. The plant has a long history of edible use (peppery rhizomes, edible flowers and leaves) by indigenous peoples and is not known to be toxic to pets. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Brassicaceae as a family has no significant reported toxicity to dogs or cats. Considered pet-safe, though large amounts of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Top-shaped Living Stones | Lithops turbiniformis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Topeka purple coneflower | Echinacea atrorubens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea (coneflower) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been identified; consumption of significant quantities may cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Mexican Hens and Chicks | Echeveria runyonii 'Topsy Turvy' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list), so 'Topsy Turvy' is treated as pet-safe. Curious pets may still get a mild stomach ache from chewing the fleshy leaves. |
| Torch aloe | Aloe arborescens | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Aloe as toxic to cats and dogs. The saponins and anthraquinone glycosides cause vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, and changes in urine colour. Keep away from pets. |
| Torch Ginger | Etlingera elatior | tropical | Mildly toxic | Etlingera elatior is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Multiple horticultural sources describe it as non-toxic to humans and pets, and no toxic principles have been documented in the literature. However, because it lacks a specific ASPCA clearance, a mildly-toxic classification is used as a precaution; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Torch Mexican sunflower | Tithonia rotundifolia 'Torch' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tithonia rotundifolia 'Torch' carries the same toxicity profile as the species: not individually listed by ASPCA, but sesquiterpene lactones in closely related Tithonia species can cause contact dermatitis and mild GI irritation. The hollow, hairy stems can irritate skin on handling. Not confirmed as fully pet-safe; discourage ingestion by pets and children. |
| wishbone flower | Torenia fournieri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Torenia fournieri is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status cannot be confirmed against an authoritative source. Treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe; as with any ornamental, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset and pets should be discouraged from chewing it. |
| Catalina Midnight Blue Wishbone Flower | Torenia fournieri 'Catalina Midnight Blue' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Torenia fournieri is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. No toxic principle is documented and any reaction is most likely limited to mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten. |
| Summer Wave Violet Wishbone Flower | Torenia fournieri 'Summer Wave Large Violet' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Torenia fournieri is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so a definitive pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. There is no documented toxic principle, and any effect from ingestion is most likely mild, transient digestive upset. |
| Tormentil | Potentilla erecta | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Potentilla erecta is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. Tormentil root has a long history of medicinal astringent use in humans and is not considered toxic to companion animals at normal exposure levels. |
| totara | Podocarpus totara | flowering | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Podocarpus is classified by the ASPCA (as 'Buddhist Pine', Podocarpaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with an unknown toxic principle causing vomiting and diarrhoea. Treat foliage and seeds as toxic and keep away from pets. |
| Totem Pole Cactus | Lophocereus schottii 'Monstrosus' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Lophocereus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and true cacti are not generally classed as systemically toxic; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Being essentially spineless it poses little mechanical risk, but pets should still not be allowed to chew the flesh. |
| Touch of Class | Rosa 'Touch of Class' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species; toxic principle: none). The thorns are the only hazard, capable of scratching skin or mouth if a pet pushes through or chews the stems. |
| Asian star jasmine | Trachelospermum asiaticum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides, family Apocynaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, and this closely related Trachelospermum species is treated the same. As with any non-toxic plant, eating large amounts can still cause mild stomach upset, so it is best not to encourage nibbling. |
| variegated star jasmine | Trachelospermum jasminoides 'Variegatum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (listed under Star Jasmine / Confederate Jasmine, Trachelospermum jasminoides). The milky latex sap can still cause mild skin or stomach irritation in sensitive individuals, so discourage chewing. |
| Windamere palm | Trachycarpus latisectus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True windmill palm (genus Trachycarpus). The ASPCA lists Windmill Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and true palms are not poisonous to pets. Do not confuse with the toxic sago palm (Cycas). |
| Kumaon palm | Trachycarpus takil | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True windmill palm (genus Trachycarpus). The ASPCA lists Windmill Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and true palms are not poisonous to pets. Not to be confused with the sago palm (Cycas), which is severely toxic. |
| Bubblegum Spiderwort | Tradescantia 'Bubblegum' | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Tradescantia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The sap commonly causes contact dermatitis and skin irritation, and ingesting the foliage can lead to mild oral and gastrointestinal upset, drooling and vomiting. Keep the trailing stems away from pets that nibble. |
| Lilac Spiderwort | Tradescantia 'Lilac' | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Tradescantia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Sap contact can cause dermatitis and skin irritation, and chewing the foliage may produce mild oral and stomach upset, drooling and vomiting. Keep out of reach of pets that chew trailing plants. |
| Lilac Inch Plant | Tradescantia cerinthoides 'Lilac' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Inch Plant (Tradescantia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, causing dermatitis. The watery sap irritates skin and the mouth on contact and can cause drooling, mild GI upset, and red, itchy skin if chewed. Keep trailing stems out of reach of pets. |
| Nanouk | Tradescantia albiflora 'Nanouk' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the genus Tradescantia (Inch Plant, Tradescantia fluminensis, family Commelinaceae) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with the clinical sign being dermatitis. The cultivar 'Nanouk' is not listed separately but belongs to the same genus, so it is treated as toxic. The sap is a skin and mouth irritant that can cause contact dermatitis and, if chewed, mild transient oral irritation; it is not associated with serious systemic poisoning. Keep it out of reach of pets that nibble, ideally in a hanging pot, and wash skin after handling cuttings. |
| Flowering Inch Plant | Tradescantia blossfeldiana | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Tradescantia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Contact with the sap can cause dermatitis and skin irritation, and ingestion may produce mild oral and stomach upset, drooling and vomiting. Site it where pets cannot chew the foliage. |
| Tricolor Spiderwort | Tradescantia fluminensis 'Tricolor' | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Tradescantia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The sap can cause dermatitis with redness and itching on contact, and ingestion may lead to mild mouth and stomach irritation, drooling and vomiting. Keep trailing stems out of reach of pets that chew foliage. |
| Variegated Inch Plant | Tradescantia fluminensis 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | The genus Tradescantia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The sap commonly causes contact dermatitis with skin redness and irritation, and chewing the foliage can produce mild oral and gastrointestinal upset, drooling and vomiting. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| Small-leaf Inch Plant | Tradescantia mundula | houseplant | Mildly toxic | The genus Tradescantia is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. The clear, watery sap causes dermatitis and skin/paw irritation on contact, and chewing the foliage can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep trailing stems out of reach of pets that nibble. |
| chain plant | Tradescantia navicularis | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Tradescantia as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The irritant sap causes dermatitis on skin contact and oral and gastrointestinal irritation if chewed, with signs such as drooling, mouth discomfort, vomiting and red, itchy skin. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| white velvet tradescantia | Tradescantia sillamontana | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists Tradescantia (spiderwort/wandering jew). The sap commonly causes dermatitis and skin irritation, and ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea. |
| Quadricolor Inch Plant | Tradescantia zebrina 'Quadricolor' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Tradescantia (inch plant / spiderwort) as toxic to cats and dogs. The sap frequently causes contact dermatitis, and ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep the trailing stems out of reach of pets that chew foliage. |
| Trailing Abutilon | Abutilon megapotamicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Abutilon is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and is widely considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, ingestion of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, drooling) in sensitive animals. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; contact a vet if a pet consumes a large quantity. |
| Trailing Achimenes | Achimenes misera | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Achimenes (Gesneriaceae) is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. A. misera is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if plant material is consumed — seek veterinary advice if in doubt. |
| Trailing African daisy | Osteospermum fruticosum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Osteospermum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and has no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats. The genus belongs to Asteraceae; as with all Asteraceae, very mild contact dermatitis can occasionally occur in sensitive individuals, but it is not considered toxic. |
| Trailing African Violet | Saintpaulia 'Rob's Vanilla Trail' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | African violet (Saintpaulia) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, so this trailing cultivar is pet-safe. No toxic principle is associated with it, though ingesting a large quantity of any plant can cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Trailing Azalea | Loiseleuria procumbens | flowering | Toxic | Loiseleuria procumbens (also treated as Kalmia procumbens) contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins), a class of diterpenoid toxins found throughout the Ericaceae. The RHS notes the plant is harmful to cats, dogs, rabbits, and tortoises if eaten, and members of Kalmia are considered extremely poisonous. Ingestion can cause excessive salivation, vomiting, low blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, and potentially death in severe cases. Keep all pets and livestock away from this plant. |
| Trailing Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus prolixus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles are documented for the genus. |
| trailing clog plant | Nematanthus radicans | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nematanthus radicans belongs to Gesneriaceae. ASPCA lists goldfish plants (Nematanthus genus) as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are reported for this species. |
| Trailing Elephant Bush | Portulacaria afra 'Prostrata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Portulacaria afra is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA, making it a safe choice for pet-friendly homes. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to the plant's natural acidity, but it is not considered poisonous. |
| Trailing Fuchsia | Fuchsia procumbens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fuchsia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (listed species: Fuchsia triphylla). No toxic principles are documented in the genus; the berries of F. procumbens are also considered non-toxic. |
| Trailing globe amaranth | Gomphrena serrata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gomphrena serrata is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Gomphrena genus, including G. globosa, is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been identified in this species. |
| Trailing ice plant | Lampranthus spectabilis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Lampranthus (ice plant) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principle has been identified in this genus. |
| Trailing Iceplant | Lampranthus spectabilis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lampranthus spectabilis is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. The genus Lampranthus belongs to Aizoaceae and has no well-documented systemic toxin, though mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large quantities are ingested by pets. Treat with caution and keep away from cats and dogs. |
| Trailing Jade | Peperomia rotundifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia rotundifolia is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but the genus is clean: ASPCA-listed Peperomia species - including Emerald Ripple (P. caperata, non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses), Trailing Peperomia (P. prostata), Blunt Leaf (P. obtusifolia) and P. griseoargentea - are all non-toxic, with no toxic Peperomia listed. It is therefore considered pet-safe; confirm with your vet if your pet ingests any. Nibbling foliage can still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Trailing Lantana | Lantana montevidensis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lantana (Lantana camara) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principles are pentacyclic triterpenoids (lantadenes). Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, laboured breathing, and weakness; liver failure is documented particularly in livestock. L. montevidensis contains the same compounds and should be treated as equally hazardous. |
| Walking maidenhair fern | Adiantum caudatum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists maidenhair fern (Adiantum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. Pet-safe, though eating large amounts of any houseplant may cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Trailing rock jasmine | Androsace lanuginosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Androsace lanuginosa is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As confirmed pet safety data is absent, this species is conservatively classified as mildly toxic. Monitor pets for GI upset if ingestion is suspected and seek veterinary advice. |
| Transparent tall moor grass | Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea 'Transparent' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ornamental grasses of the genus Molinia are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic; ingestion of large amounts of any grass may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Transparent-leaf peperomia | Peperomia diaphanoides | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. caperata, P. argyreia, and P. prostrata) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic members of the genus on record and no toxic principle identified. Peperomia diaphanoides is considered pet-safe on this consistent genus-wide basis. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset regardless of toxicity; consult your vet if your pet eats any. |
| Transylvanian Hepatica | Hepatica transsilvanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains protoanemonin, the irritant compound characteristic of Ranunculaceae. Ingestion may cause oral irritation and mild GI upset in dogs, cats, and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA; treat as mildly irritant and keep away from pets and children. |
| Transylvanian pink | Dianthus callizonus | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Dianthus species (Carnation, Pinks, Sweet William) as toxic to dogs and cats, caused by an unknown irritant. Clinical signs include mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) and mild dermatitis. Symptoms are generally mild but a vet should be consulted if ingestion occurs. |
| Transylvanian sage | Salvia transsylvanica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. As a Salvia, it may contain aromatic volatile oils similar to those in culinary sage (S. officinalis, listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats). Potential symptoms following ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, or lethargy. Consult a vet if a pet has eaten this plant. |
| Water Chestnut | Trapa natans | edible | Mildly toxic | Trapa natans is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet rating is unavailable; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Practical hazards are concrete: the raw nuts are mildly toxic and must be thoroughly cooked before eating, the hard spiny fruit can injure mouths and paws, and the plant readily accumulates heavy metals from its water. |
| traveller's palm | Ravenala madagascariensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ravenala madagascariensis is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; it is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and the Cornell University Poisonous Plants Database confirms no toxic principles. Multiple veterinary-focused plant-safety sources classify it as safe for pet households. Nevertheless, consumption of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| trazel | Corylus × colurnoides | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Corylus (hazel) does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic lists; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet. The nuts are edible to humans, but ASPCA pet-safety status is unconfirmed, so it should not be described as pet-safe. |
| Treasure flower | Gazania rigens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gazania species are not specifically listed as toxic by the ASPCA; however, Asteraceae (daisy family) members can cause mild gastrointestinal upset and contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals and pets. Out of caution, Gazania rigens is classified as mildly toxic, as the genus is not individually cleared by ASPCA as non-toxic. |
| Tree Fuchsia | Fuchsia arborescens | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Fuchsia (Fuchsia triphylla — Honeysuckle Fuchsia) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The genus Fuchsia is broadly considered non-toxic; no harmful toxic principles are documented. |
| Tree germander | Teucrium fruticans | herb | Mildly toxic | Teucrium fruticans is not specifically listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Teucrium species contain neo-clerodane diterpenoids, the same compound class linked to hepatotoxicity in humans who consumed germander herbal preparations. While pet-specific toxicity studies are limited, ingestion of leaves or stems may cause gastrointestinal upset or potentially liver stress in cats and dogs. Treat as mildly toxic; keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if ingestion occurs. |
| Tree heath | Erica arborea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica arborea is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses. No toxic compounds have been identified in this species. The genus Erica is generally regarded as non-toxic, though ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in sensitive animals. |
| Tree houseleek | Aeonium arboreum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aeonium arboreum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, and no Aeonium species appears there at all, so its genus cannot be confirmed safe. Because the nearest ASPCA-listed relative in the Crassulaceae family, jade plant (Crassula), is toxic to cats and dogs, we take a conservative stance and treat tree houseleek as mildly toxic. Keep it away from pets and verify with your vet before allowing access. |
| Tree Kopsia | Kopsia arborea | tropical | Toxic | Kopsia arborea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but it belongs to Apocynaceae and contains a range of indole alkaloids including kopsinine, methyl-chanofruticosinates, and related compounds documented in phytochemical studies. These alkaloids are toxic to mammals. All parts — bark, leaves, flowers, and seeds — should be considered potentially toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. Keep away from pets and children; contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Moutan peony | Paeonia suffruticosa | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists peony (Paeonia) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and P. suffruticosa belongs to the same genus. The toxic principle paeonol, most concentrated in the bark, is present throughout and can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. |
| lacy tree philodendron | Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron and Thaumatophyllum species as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. |
| Tree rhododendron | Rhododendron arboreum | flowering | Toxic | Contains grayanotoxins throughout all plant parts. ASPCA lists Rhododendron spp. as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The flowers are used medicinally in Nepal but are poisonous if consumed by pets or livestock. Even handling the plant then touching eyes or mouth can cause irritation. |
| Tree Wormwood | Artemisia arborescens | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. The Artemisia genus contains thujone and volatile essential oils; ASPCA records tarragon (A. dracunculus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (vomiting, diarrhea). A. arborescens should be treated as mildly toxic to pets by genus association. Traditional medicinal use confirms biological activity — keep away from pets and children. |
| Trembling Brake Fern | Pteris tremula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at genus level: the ASPCA lists Pteris sp. (silver table fern) on its non-toxic plant list, and the brake-fern genus Pteris carries no ASPCA toxicity warning. Chewing may still cause mild, transient stomach upset, so it is best to discourage nibbling. |
| Treneague chamomile | Chamaemelum nobile 'Treneague' | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile / Anthemis nobilis, including Roman chamomile) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are volatile oil, bisabolol, chamazulene, anthemic acid and tannic acid; clinical signs include contact dermatitis, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia and allergic reactions, with bleeding tendencies after prolonged exposure. Keep pets from grazing a chamomile lawn. |
| Trevi Fountain lungwort | Pulmonaria 'Trevi Fountain' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so pet safety is unconfirmed; Pulmonaria contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and saponins (classes the ASPCA treats as toxic) and bristly leaf hairs can irritate skin. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe. |
| Bracken Fern | Pteridium aquilinum | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Bracken Fern (Pteridium aquilinum) as toxic to horses, with the toxic principle thiaminase causing thiamine deficiency — weakness, weight loss, staggers, tremors, and death. It also contains ptaquiloside, a known carcinogen. While the ASPCA page specifies horses, the plant is broadly hazardous to grazing livestock and is not a safe edible or pet/animal-accessible plant; keep it away from grazing animals and do not consume it. |
| triangle fig | Ficus triangularis | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies Ficus as toxic, with toxic principles ficin (a proteolytic enzyme) and ficusin (psoralen) in the milky sap. Chewing the plant or contact with the sap can cause mouth and skin irritation, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and reduced appetite. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| triangle palm | Dypsis decaryi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dypsis decaryi is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but it is a true palm (Arecaceae) with no calcium oxalates, and its genus is clean: the ASPCA lists Dypsis lutescens (cane/areca palm) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no toxic Dypsis species. Considered pet-safe; if in doubt, verify with your vet. |
| Triangular Masdevallia | Masdevallia triangularis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Masdevallia spp. ('Tailed Orchid') as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No known toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Three-Angled Rhipsalis | Rhipsalis trigona | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Rhipsalis (mistletoe cactus) genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, per the ASPCA Mistletoe Cactus entry (Rhipsalis cassutha) covering cats, dogs, and horses. It is not poisonous, though ingestion of any plant can cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Hairy-tongued Orchid | Trichoglottis brachiata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Trichoglottis brachiata is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Although ASPCA-listed orchids like Phalaenopsis are non-toxic to cats and dogs, this genus is not confirmed on the ASPCA list, so treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet safety. |
| tricolor bladderwort | Utricularia tricolor | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Utricularia (bladderworts) are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The bladder trap mechanism is mechanical and the plant contains no known toxic compounds. |
| Tricolor Sage | Salvia officinalis 'Tricolor' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sage (Salvia officinalis) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs as a growing culinary herb. Large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, and concentrated sage oil should be kept away from pets. |
| tricolor ti plant | Cordyline fruticosa 'Tricolor' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Cordyline (ti plant) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins; signs of ingestion include vomiting (occasionally with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation and, in cats, dilated pupils. Site it out of reach of pets. |
| Trident Maple | Acer buergerianum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Acer buergerianum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The ASPCA lists Red Maple (Acer rubrum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs but toxic to horses, where wilted leaves cause red blood cell damage via tannins and gallic acid. Treat trident maple with the same caution, keep wilted clippings away from horses, and verify with a vet. |
| Kifu Trident Maple | Acer buergerianum 'Kifu' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Acer buergerianum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic database. The Acer genus is mixed: Amur maple is ASPCA non-toxic, but red maple (Acer rubrum) is toxic to horses. Because trident maple has no specific ASPCA ruling, treat it as uncertain, keep it away from grazing animals, and verify with a vet. |
| Tristar Strawberry | Fragaria × ananassa 'Tristar' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Fragaria ananassa (strawberry) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Leaves and stems may cause mild digestive upset in large amounts but are not toxic. |
| Jewel of Africa Nasturtium | Tropaeolum majus 'Jewel of Africa' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded: Tropaeolum majus (nasturtium) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses, with no records of toxic ingestion. The leaves and flowers are also edible to humans. Eating large quantities of any plant can still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| tropic snow dumb cane | Dieffenbachia 'Tropic Snow' | houseplant | Toxic | Dieffenbachia 'Tropic Snow' contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and proteolytic enzymes in all parts of the plant. Chewing or ingesting any portion causes intense burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and throat, drooling, and vomiting in dogs, cats, and humans. ASPCA lists the Dieffenbachia genus as toxic to dogs and cats. Always wear gloves when handling; this is a strict requirement for all Dieffenbachia regardless of cultivar. |
| tropical almond | Terminalia catappa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Terminalia catappa is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status for cats and dogs is not formally established; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe around pets. The edible kernels resemble almonds, but as with any tree nut keep quantities away from pets to avoid digestive upset, and do not rely on unverified pet-safe claims. |
| Tropical Crocus | Kaempferia rotunda | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kaempferia spp. are listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. K. rotunda belongs to the same genus and family (Zingiberaceae) with no known toxic principle for dogs, cats, or horses. If in doubt, consult a vet. |
| tropical dewy pine | Drosophila indica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera (Droseraceae) is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The mucilaginous digestive fluid is non-harmful to mammals; the enzyme activity that digests insects is too weak to cause injury to pets. |
| Tropical pitcher plant | Nepenthes (tropical pitcher plant) | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes) are not individually listed by the ASPCA, but they carry no recognised toxic principle and are not known to poison pets — the related California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing the leaves or the watery pitcher fluid may cause mild, transient stomach upset, as with any non-toxic plant, but there is no poisoning risk; the greater danger is to the plant from a curious pet. |
| Winged pitcher plant | Nepenthes alata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepenthes is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the closely related California pitcher plant (Darlingtonia) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Nepenthes has no known toxic principle - it is widely regarded as pet-safe. Chewing leaves or pitcher fluid may still cause mild stomach upset, so keep out of reach. |
| Ventrata pitcher plant | Nepenthes 'Ventrata' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Nepenthes tropical pitcher plants are not classified as toxic and are generally considered safe for cats and dogs; ingestion may at most cause mild digestive upset. Keep out of reach mainly to protect the pitchers and avoid spilling their fluid, which can stain. |
| Tropical Sage | Salvia misella | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia (sage) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No toxic principles are recorded for this species; ingestion of plant material may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| tropical sundew | Drosera burmannii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Drosera species are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The sticky mucilage is not harmful if ingested, though it may cause mild gastric irritation from the digestive enzymes. |
| Date Palm | Phoenix dactylifera | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Phoenix is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (e.g. pygmy/dwarf date palm, Phoenix roebelenii). The fruit and foliage of Phoenix dactylifera are not poisonous, though the sharp lower-leaflet spines can physically injure pets and large fruit pits are a choking/obstruction risk if swallowed. |
| Asiatic lily | Lilium spp. | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Lilium spp. as toxic, and they are among the most dangerous plants for cats: even a tiny exposure — a few leaves or petals, or licked pollen or vase water — can cause acute kidney failure that is often fatal if untreated within about 18 hours. Every part of the plant is toxic. Effects are far more severe in cats than dogs (which mainly get stomach upset). Treat any feline exposure as an emergency and call your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center on (888) 426-4435 immediately. |
| true service tree | Sorbus domestica | edible | Mildly toxic | Sorbus domestica is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with other Sorbus, raw fruit contains parasorbic acid (a GI irritant before bletting) and the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so foliage and unripe fruit should be kept away from pets. |
| Trumpet Gentian | Gentiana clusii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana clusii is not individually listed by ASPCA. As with other Gentianaceae, iridoid glycosides present in the plant may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by dogs or cats. No severe toxicity is documented, but treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets that browse plants. |
| Trumpeter | Rosa 'Trumpeter' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosa species are ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Thorns are the only practical hazard, so discourage pets from chewing canes. |
| Horse's teeth | Haworthia truncata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Haworthia is on the ASPCA non-toxic list alongside Gasteria and zebra haworthias). No toxic principle; like any plant, large quantities chewed may cause minor digestive upset. |
| Truncated Gongora | Gongora truncata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gongora is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family has no established toxic principles documented in veterinary literature, and no toxicity reports exist for this genus in cats or dogs. As a precaution, discourage pets from chewing pseudobulbs or flower spikes. |
| Tsubo Bamboo Grass | Sasa tsuboiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sasa tsuboiana is a member of Poaceae (grass family). Bamboos are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and no toxic alkaloids, saponins, or irritant compounds are known in Sasa species. Safe for cats and dogs. |
| Tsuboii Bamboo | Pleioblastus shibuyanus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleioblastus shibuyanus is a member of Poaceae (grass family). True bamboos contain no ASPCA-listed toxic principles. The genus is considered safe for cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are associated with the Pleioblastus genus. |
| Tsusima Holly Fern | Polystichum tsussimense | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Polystichum is a true fern in the Dryopteridaceae family; ASPCA-listed Polystichum species (such as Western Sword Fern, Polystichum munitum, and Christmas Fern, Polystichum acrostichoides) are classified non-toxic with no toxic principle identified. Eating large amounts of fronds may still cause mild, temporary stomach upset. |
| Tube beardtongue | Penstemon tubaeflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon tubaeflorus is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs, so its safety status cannot be confirmed. Classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| tuberous begonia | Begonia × tuberhybrida | flowering | Toxic | Begonia is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, most concentrated in the tuber. Signs of ingestion include oral burning and irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The stored tubers are the most hazardous part, so keep them and the growing plants out of reach of pets and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Nonstop Tuberous Begonia | Begonia x tuberhybrida 'Nonstop' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, with vomiting and salivation as signs. The most toxic part is underground, so the stored tubers of tuberous begonias warrant particular care around pets. |
| Tuberous Catmint | Nepeta tuberosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta tuberosa is not individually listed by ASPCA but belongs to the non-toxic Nepeta genus. No toxic compounds have been identified. Considered non-toxic to dogs and cats based on genus-level data. Consult a veterinarian if large quantities are ingested. |
| Tuberous Comfrey | Symphytum tuberosum | herb | Toxic | Symphytum tuberosum contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids as do all Symphytum species. ASPCA lists the Symphytum genus as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; ingestion can cause hepatotoxicity. The tuberous rhizomes have historically been confused with edible roots — do not consume. Keep pets away from plants and rhizomes, especially when dividing. |
| Tuberous Cranesbill | Geranium tuberosum | flowering | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA 'Geranium' toxic listing refers to Pelargonium species (containing geraniol and linalool), not to true Geranium (cranesbill) species. True Geranium is not confirmed toxic by ASPCA but is also not individually listed as non-toxic; exercise caution with pets and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Tuerckheim's Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis tuerckheimii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but orchids in the Orchidaceae family have no known toxic principles to dogs, cats, or horses, and the genus shares the same family as ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic orchids (e.g. Phalaenopsis, Masdevallia spp.). No toxic compounds have been reported in the literature. |
| Tufted fescue | Festuca amethystina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca species are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. As with all grasses, ingesting large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| tufted hair grass | Deschampsia cespitosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Deschampsia cespitosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any grass, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or vomiting in cats and dogs. |
| Tufted Loosestrife | Lysimachia thyrsiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lysimachia thyrsiflora is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Lysimachia species (family Primulaceae) have no documented toxic principles for cats, dogs, or humans. The genus is widely considered non-toxic in horticultural and veterinary reference sources. It is a safe choice for wildlife ponds and bog gardens visited by pets. |
| Tufted Thyme | Thymus caespititius | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus species (thyme) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Thymus caespititius is a thyme species in the same genus. While not individually listed by ASPCA, no toxic principles are known for this genus, and it is considered pet-safe consistent with the wider Thymus assessment. |
| Tufted Vetch | Vicia cracca | flowering | Mildly toxic | Vicia cracca is not individually listed by the ASPCA but the Vicia genus contains species with documented toxicity. Raw seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides and, in large quantities across some Vicia species, canavanine-related compounds linked to systemic granulomatous disease in livestock. As a precaution, classification is mildly-toxic; keep pets from grazing on large quantities of seeds or foliage. |
| Tulameen raspberry | Rubus idaeus 'Tulameen' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Raspberry (Rubus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the fruit is a safe pet treat in moderation. No toxic principle is reported for the canes, leaves or berries. |
| society garlic | Tulbaghia violacea | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a garlic-scented relative it contains organosulphur compounds similar to those in Allium, which the ASPCA flags as toxic to dogs and cats (causing gastrointestinal upset and, in quantity, oxidative damage to red blood cells). Because Tulbaghia itself is unconfirmed, do not treat it as pet-safe. |
| Darwin tulip | Tulipa | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to tulipalin allergens. The bulb is the most toxic part — severe vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and depression can result. |
| Tulip-flowered Anthurium | Anthurium andraeanum 'Lumina' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Anthurium as toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing leads to oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Angelique tulip | Tulipa 'Angelique' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles tulipalin A and B are most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, drooling, depression, and diarrhoea. Keep bulbs and cut flowers away from pets. |
| Apeldoorn tulip | Tulipa 'Apeldoorn' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Tulipa (tulip) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are Tulipalin A and B, concentrated in the bulb; ingestion can cause profuse drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Keep bulbs out of pets' reach. |
| Ballerina tulip | Tulipa 'Ballerina' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are tulipalin A and B, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, drooling, depression, and diarrhoea. Store and plant bulbs away from pets. |
| Black Parrot tulip | Tulipa 'Black Parrot' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles tulipalin A and B are most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, drooling, depression, and diarrhoea. Keep bulbs and cut stems out of pets' reach. |
| Estella Rijnveld tulip | Tulipa 'Estella Rijnveld' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are tulipalin A and B (glycosides), most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, drooling, depression, and diarrhoea. Keep stored and planted bulbs away from pets. |
| Flaming Parrot tulip | Tulipa 'Flaming Parrot' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles tulipalin A and B are most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, drooling, depression, and diarrhoea. Keep bulbs and cut stems out of pets' reach. |
| Ice Cream tulip | Tulipa 'Ice Cream' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are tulipalin A and B, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, drooling, depression, and diarrhoea. Keep bulbs and cut stems out of pets' reach. |
| Menton tulip | Tulipa 'Menton' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists tulips (Tulipa species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are the glycosides Tulipalin A and B, most concentrated in the bulb. Ingestion can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, depression, and diarrhoea; eating bulbs poses the greatest risk. Keep bulbs and plants away from pets. |
| Monsella tulip | Tulipa 'Monsella' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The bulb holds the highest concentration of toxic tulipalin A and B; ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Store and plant bulbs where pets cannot dig them up. |
| Princess Irene tulip | Tulipa 'Prinses Irene' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Bulbs contain the highest concentration of toxic allergenic lactones (tulipalin A and B); ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, depression and oral/gastrointestinal irritation. Keep bulbs out of reach of pets. |
| Purissima tulip | Tulipa 'Purissima' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles tulipalin A and B are most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, drooling, depression, and diarrhoea. Store and plant bulbs away from pets. |
| Queen of Night tulip | Tulipa 'Queen of Night' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Tulipa (tulip) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are Tulipalin A and B, concentrated in the bulb; ingestion can cause intense drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and depression. Store and plant bulbs out of pets' reach. |
| Rococo tulip | Tulipa 'Rococo' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are tulipalin A and B, most concentrated in the bulb; ingestion causes vomiting, hypersalivation, drooling, depression, and diarrhoea. Keep bulbs and cut flowers away from pets. |
| lady tulip | Tulipa clusiana | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists tulips (Tulipa species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, applying to this species. The toxic principles are the glycosides Tulipalin A and B, concentrated in the bulb. Ingestion can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, depression, and diarrhoea, with bulbs the most hazardous part. Keep plants and bulbs out of pets' reach. |
| woodland tulip | Tulipa sylvestris | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists tulips (Tulipa species) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, including this species. The toxic principles are the glycosides Tulipalin A and B, most concentrated in the bulb. Ingestion can cause vomiting, hypersalivation, depression, and diarrhoea. Keep bulbs and plants out of pets' reach despite this tulip's wild, naturalised appearance. |
| Marginate tulista | Tulista marginata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Haworthia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Tulista marginata is the former Haworthia marginata within that complex of harmless rosette succulents. No toxic principle is reported; eating a large amount of fibrous leaf tissue may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Pearl plant | Tulista pumila | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Haworthia as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Tulista pumila is the former Haworthia pumila within that complex; North Carolina Extension and horticultural references also list it as non-toxic to pets and humans. As with any plant, eating large amounts of fibrous foliage may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Kapoor tulsi | Ocimum tenuiflorum 'Kapoor' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Basil (Ocimum basilicum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Kapoor tulsi is a closely related Ocimum species (O. tenuiflorum) not individually named, so this rating is grounded on the genus listing. The plant material is considered non-toxic, but concentrated basil/tulsi essential oils should still be kept away from cats. |
| vana tulsi | Ocimum gratissimum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs at the genus level: Basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Holy Basil are classified as non-toxic. As an Ocimum species, vana tulsi is considered pet-safe, though large amounts may cause mild GI upset and concentrated basil essential oil should never be applied to pets. |
| Tunbridge Filmy Fern | Hymenophyllum tunbrigense | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Hymenophyllum tunbrigense is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No known toxic principles have been documented for this genus, and true ferns of this family are not associated with pet poisoning, but the absence of an ASPCA listing means safety for cats and dogs cannot be confirmed. Treat as mildly-toxic and prevent ingestion as a precaution. |
| Tundra honeyberry | Lonicera caerulea 'Tundra' | edible | Mildly toxic | Humans eat the berries readily, but Lonicera caerulea is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the wider Lonicera genus is mixed in toxicity (some honeysuckle species cause GI upset in pets). Treat with caution around cats and dogs and confirm with a vet rather than assuming pet-safe status. |
| Tunic Flower | Petrorhagia saxifraga | flowering | Mildly toxic | Petrorhagia saxifraga is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxicity records for cats or dogs have been identified; however, in the absence of a verified ASPCA non-toxic listing for this species, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Tuolumne fawn lily | Erythronium tuolumnense | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA, and the genus is widely noted as non-toxic by horticultural authorities, distinguishing it from the true lilies (Lilium) that are highly dangerous to cats. However, some Erythronium species have historically been used as emetics and contain colchicine-like compounds in trace amounts; since ASPCA does not explicitly list E. tuolumnense as confirmed non-toxic, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is used. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Pseudo Turbinicarpus | Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Turbinicarpus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Schmiedicke's Turbinicarpus | Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Turbinicarpus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Valdez's Turbinicarpus | Turbinicarpus valdezianus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA classifies cacti (Cactaceae) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and Turbinicarpus carries no toxic principle. Note the spines are a physical injury hazard, not a poison, so still keep it out of reach of curious pets. |
| Turbo Peperomia | Peperomia turboensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified in P. turboensis or the broader Peperomia genus. |
| Turk's Cap Cactus | Melocactus matanzanus | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Melocactus matanzanus is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is uncertain — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The practical hazard is mechanical: the body bristles and cephalium can injure pets that bite or paw at it. Keep out of reach of curious animals. |
| Turkestan Clary | Salvia sclarea var. turkestanica | herb | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Salvia officinalis (common sage) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, but Salvia sclarea var. turkestanica is not individually assessed. The strongly aromatic essential oils present in clary sage (particularly linalool and linalyl acetate) can cause mild gastrointestinal upset or skin sensitisation if ingested in quantity. A precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. Keep away from cats especially, as clary sage essential oil is known to cause neurological excitement in cats. |
| Turkestan Rosularia | Rosularia turkestanica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus belongs to Crassulaceae and has no documented toxic principles. It is closely related to Sempervivum, which is also considered non-toxic. Exercise general caution with any plant ingestion. |
| Turkestan Tulip | Tulipa turkestanica | flowering | Toxic | As a Tulipa species, T. turkestanica contains tulipalin A and B in all parts, particularly concentrated in the bulb. ASPCA classifies tulips as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms of ingestion include excessive drooling, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in severe cases cardiac or respiratory depression. Handle bulbs with gloves to avoid contact dermatitis. |
| Turkey Oak | Quercus cerris | flowering | Mildly toxic | Acorns and leaves of all Quercus species contain tannins (gallotannins) that are toxic to horses, cattle, sheep, and dogs in quantity, causing gastrointestinal upset and, with large repeated ingestion, kidney damage. ASPCA lists oak (Quercus spp.) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Acorns pose the greatest hazard; occasional minor exposure is rarely life-threatening for large animals but veterinary advice should be sought. |
| Turkish Catmint | Nepeta phyllochlamys | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Nepeta phyllochlamys is not individually assessed but belongs to a genus with no reported toxic principles. |
| Turkish hazel | Corylus colurna | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Corylus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and produces edible hazelnuts with no toxic principle in foliage or nuts; treat as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As with any fatty nut, large quantities may cause digestive upset or a choking/obstruction risk in pets. |
| Turkish Pink Sage | Salvia hypargeia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia hypargeia has no individual ASPCA listing. As a Salvia species it contains aromatic volatile oils (including camphor and terpenoids) that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs if plant material is consumed in significant amounts; classified mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure consistent with other ornamental sages. |
| Turkish red sage | Salvia recognita | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in Salvia recognita. |
| Turkish Rosularia | Rosularia muratdaghensis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosularia muratdaghensis is a Crassulaceae succulent. The genus Rosularia is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, no toxic principle has been identified in this genus. It is not in the same toxicity category as jade plants (Crassula) or Kalanchoe. Considered non-toxic based on genus-level data and close relation to ASPCA-listed non-toxic Sempervivum. |
| Turkish White Sage | Salvia candidissima | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) genus is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Salvia candidissima is not individually listed but belongs to the same non-toxic genus; normal precautions against ingestion of large amounts of any ornamental plant apply. |
| Turmeric | Curcuma longa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Curcuma longa is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The Curcuma genus and the Zingiberaceae family have no identified toxic principle for pets. Culinary turmeric is widely considered safe; however, very large amounts of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| white turnip | Brassica rapa | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassica rapa is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe in moderation; large amounts may cause GI upset. |
| Golden Ball turnip | Brassica rapa var. rapa 'Golden Ball' | edible | Mildly toxic | 'Golden Ball' is a Brassica rapa cultivar, which is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; do not assume pet-safe and verify with a vet. Like all brassicas it contains glucosinolates and SMCO, linked in large or sustained quantities to thyroid (goitre), anaemia and gastrointestinal effects in grazing animals; small occasional amounts of cooked root are typically low-risk. |
| Hakurei turnip | Brassica rapa var. rapa 'Hakurei' | edible | Mildly toxic | Hakurei is a Brassica rapa cultivar, which is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; do not assume pet-safe and verify with a vet. As a brassica it contains glucosinolates and SMCO, associated in large or prolonged quantities with thyroid (goitre), anaemia and digestive upset in grazing animals; small occasional amounts of the root are generally low-risk. |
| Market Express turnip | Brassica rapa var. rapa 'Market Express' | edible | Mildly toxic | Brassica rapa 'Market Express' is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Brassica, large quantities of raw root or greens can cause gastrointestinal upset in pets, and the glucosinolates in brassicas may affect the thyroid if eaten in excess. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Oasis turnip | Brassica rapa var. rapa 'Oasis' | edible | Mildly toxic | 'Oasis' is a Brassica rapa cultivar, which is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; do not assume pet-safe and verify with a vet. As a brassica it contains glucosinolates and SMCO, associated in large or prolonged amounts with thyroid (goitre), anaemia and digestive upset in grazing animals; small occasional servings of the root are generally low-risk. |
| Purple Top White Globe turnip | Brassica rapa var. rapa 'Purple Top White Globe' | edible | Mildly toxic | Turnip (Brassica rapa) is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic, so it should not be assumed pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a brassica it contains glucosinolates and SMCO, which in large or sustained quantities are linked to goitre (thyroid effects), anaemia and digestive upset in grazing animals; small occasional amounts of cooked root are generally low-risk. |
| Tokyo Cross turnip | Brassica rapa var. rapa 'Tokyo Cross' | edible | Mildly toxic | This Japanese turnip is a Brassica rapa cultivar, which is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic; do not assume pet-safe and verify with a vet. Like all brassicas it contains glucosinolates and SMCO, linked in large or sustained amounts to thyroid (goitre), anaemia and gastrointestinal effects in grazing animals; small occasional servings of cooked root are typically low-risk. |
| Turquoise Puya | Puya berteroniana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Puya is in the Bromeliaceae family, broadly considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Puya berteroniana is not individually listed by the ASPCA; no toxic compounds are documented for this genus. The sharp, hooked leaf spines present a significant physical hazard to pets and children. |
| Turtle vine | Callisia repens | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Callisia repens is not listed individually in the ASPCA's toxic/non-toxic plant database, and the Callisia genus has no ASPCA-listed members, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe; its close Commelinaceae relatives (Tradescantia / inch plant) ARE ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing dermatitis. The sap can irritate skin and ingestion may cause mild GI upset (vomiting, drooling), so treat it as mildly toxic and verify with your vet before exposing pets. |
| Tuscan Blue Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis 'Tuscan Blue' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rosmarinus officinalis (all cultivars including 'Tuscan Blue') is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Fresh herb and dry leaves are safe. Concentrated rosemary essential oil should not be used around pets. |
| Tuscan Blue rosemary | Salvia rosmarinus 'Tuscan Blue' | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (rosemary). The growing plant is safe to have around pets; only concentrated rosemary essential oil, not the herb itself, poses a risk, so the plant is not a poisoning concern. |
| Tutsan | Hypericum androsaemum | herb | Toxic | Hypericum (St. John's Wort genus) is listed as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. The toxic principle is hypericin, which causes photosensitisation — skin inflammation and ulcerative dermatitis on light-coloured or sparsely furred animals exposed to sunlight after ingestion. The ornamental berries are particularly attractive to pets but must not be eaten. Contact can also cause skin sensitisation in humans; wear gloves when handling. |
| Tweedie's Lipstick Plant | Aeschynanthus tweediei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aeschynanthus (lipstick plant) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; incidental ingestion of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in sensitive animals. |
| Tweedy's Lewisia | Lewisia tweedyi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lewisia tweedyi is in the family Montiaceae and is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds are documented for this genus. Considered safe around pets and children. |
| Twiggy Lepanthes | Lepanthes sarmentosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae family is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Lepanthes sarmentosa is not individually cited by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are known for the genus. |
| Twin-Flowered Air Plant | Tillandsia geminiflora | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles; the species is safe for households with pets. |
| Fragrant Mini Oncidium | Oncidium 'Twinkle' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is an Oncidium-type orchid (Orchidaceae), the same family the ASPCA clears for Phalaenopsis and others, with no toxic principle. Mild gastrointestinal upset is still possible if a pet chews bark or fertiliser-laced mix, so site it out of reach. |
| Twinleaf | Jeffersonia diphylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Jeffersonia diphylla contains berberine and other alkaloids in the roots, historically used in herbal medicine but potentially toxic in significant doses. It is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. Based on its alkaloid content and traditional caution around medicinal plants in this family (Berberidaceae), treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children. |
| Twinspur | Diascia barberae | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Diascia barberae is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family, which has no well-documented toxic principles for dogs or cats. It is not considered a toxic plant. |
| Twisted Aichryson | Aichryson tortuosum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Aichryson is a Crassulaceae genus closely allied to Aeonium. It is not individually listed by ASPCA, but related jade-type Crassulaceae genera are considered toxic to dogs and cats. Treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets as a precaution. |
| Twisted Air Plant | Tillandsia flexuosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia flexuosa is a member of Bromeliaceae. Tillandsia (air plants) and bromeliads broadly are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are documented for this species. |
| Twisted Barrel Cactus | Ferocactus herrerae | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Ferocactus herrerae is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and some Ferocactus barrel cacti are reported to contain alkaloids in the flesh, so do not assume it is pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Beyond any chemical uncertainty, the long hooked spines are a serious physical hazard. Keep it well out of reach of cats and dogs. |
| Twisted Racinaea | Racinaea contorta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads (family Bromeliaceae), including Racinaea species, are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Twisted Restrepia | Restrepia contorta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Restrepia contorta is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are known for this genus or the broader orchid family. |
| Twisted Stanhopea | Stanhopea anfracta | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stanhopea is not individually listed by ASPCA. The broader Orchidaceae family has no reported toxic principles for cats or dogs, and Stanhopea is not associated with any known toxicity. As always, keep fertilisers and pesticides away from pets. |
| Twisted trillium | Trillium stamineum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains steroidal saponins present throughout the plant. Ingestion by cats or dogs typically causes GI upset including vomiting and diarrhea. The fetid odor of the flowers may deter curious animals, but the berries can be attractive. Contact a vet if a pet eats any part of this plant. Not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. |
| Twisted-Fruit Air Plant | Tillandsia streptocarpa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia species are listed as non-toxic to both cats and dogs by the ASPCA. T. streptocarpa presents no toxicological risk; ingestion of leaf material may cause transient, mild gastrointestinal upset from plant fibre only. |
| Two-Color Cattleya | Cattleya bicolor | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cattleya orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cattleya bicolor has no known toxic compounds and is safe for pet owners. |
| Two-Colour Vygie | Drosanthemum bicolor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Drosanthemum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The family Aizoaceae has no well-documented systemic toxin in this genus, but the crystalline water-storage cells (oxalate raphides) present in some Aizoaceae relatives may cause mild oral irritation if chewed. Keep away from pets and children as a precaution. |
| Two-edged Pleurothallis | Pleurothallis amphioxiphyllum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pleurothallis belongs to the family Orchidaceae. Orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles have been identified in this genus. |
| Two-Flowered Everlasting Pea | Lathyrus grandiflorus | flowering | Mildly toxic | The RHS notes that the pods and seeds of Lathyrus grandiflorus are not edible and handling warrants gloves. ASPCA lists the closely related Lathyrus latifolius as non-toxic to dogs and cats but toxic to horses. The same caution applies to L. grandiflorus: avoid ingestion by pets and children, and prevent horses from grazing on it. Seeds contain amino acid compounds that can cause neurolathyrism at high doses. |
| Two-leaf Squill | Scilla bifolia | flowering | Toxic | Scilla species contain cardiac glycosides and scillaren alkaloids throughout the plant, with highest concentrations in the bulbs. These compounds are toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, bradycardia, and in severe cases cardiac arrhythmia. ASPCA lists Scilla as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Treat as a serious toxicity hazard. |
| Two-petal begonia | Begonia dipetala | tropical | Toxic | Begonia dipetala belongs to the genus Begonia, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats and dogs. Soluble calcium oxalates — highest in concentration in the underground parts — cause oral irritation, excessive salivation, and vomiting on ingestion. |
| Two-Ranked Aechmea | Aechmea distichantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea distichantha is a bromeliad (family Bromeliaceae). Bromeliads are non-toxic to dogs and cats according to the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been documented in Aechmea distichantha. Note that the stiff, spiny-edged leaves can cause physical scratching if a pet chews or bats at them, but there is no chemical toxicity. |
| Two-Ranked Air Plant | Tillandsia didisticha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia (air plants) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are identified in this species; occasional ingestion of leaf material is not harmful, though fibrous material in large quantities may cause mild digestive irritation. |
| Two-ranked Bromeliad | Aechmea distichantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aechmea bromeliads are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and are broadly regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no harmful alkaloids or glycosides are identified in this genus. Ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild, transient GI upset in sensitive pets. |
| Two-Row Stonecrop | Sedum spurium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sedum spurium is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Sedum genus is broadly considered non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses based on ASPCA listings for other Sedum species (e.g., Sedum morganianum). No toxic principles are documented for this species. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild, transient stomach upset in sensitive animals. |
| Two-Spiked Billbergia | Billbergia distachia | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Billbergia distachia has no known toxic principles. Spiny leaf edges may cause minor abrasion on contact but present no chemical hazard. |
| Tyee Spinach | Spinacia oleracea 'Tyee' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spinacia oleracea is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. As with all spinach, the oxalic acid content means large quantities are best avoided for pets with kidney conditions, but typical incidental ingestion is not harmful. |
| Narrowleaf Cattail | Typha angustifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Typha angustifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Typha has no established ASPCA classification. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than asserting pet-safety; ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Common Cattail | Typha latifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Typha latifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Typha has no established ASPCA classification; although cattail rhizomes are a traditional human forage food, that does not constitute authoritative pet grounding. Treat with caution and verify with a vet; as with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Dwarf Cattail | Typha minima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Typha minima is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Typha has no established ASPCA classification. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming pet-safety; ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Brown's typhonium | Typhonium brownii | tropical | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Typhonium is a member of the arum family (Araceae) whose tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides — the same toxic principle ASPCA cites for listed aroids. Treat as toxic to cats and dogs: chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and swelling. Keep away from pets and verify with a vet on exposure. |
| three-lobed typhonium | Typhonium trilobatum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Typhonium trilobatum is an Araceae (arum) family aroid and all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides; documented human tuber-poisoning cases confirm the genus's irritant toxicity. Chewing causes intense oral burning as if needles are digging in, drooling, retching, vomiting and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling. |
| Voodoo Lily | Typhonium venosum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As an aroid (Araceae), Typhonium venosum contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; it is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family's well-documented oxalate toxicity causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Treat the tuber and all plant parts as toxic to pets. |
| Madagascar water arum | Typhonodorum lindleyanum | tropical | Toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but as a member of the arum family (Araceae) it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals like its toxic aroid relatives; expect oral burning, drooling and vomiting if chewed. Treat as toxic to pets and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Chilean guava | Ugni molinae | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ugni molinae is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status for cats and dogs is unverified. Some non-ASPCA sources call it pet-safe, but treat it as uncertain and verify with a vet; even non-toxic foliage can cause mild stomach upset if chewed. |
| Ukhrul Fan Palm | Trachycarpus ukhrulensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Trachycarpus genus is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. As with any plant material, ingestion in large quantities may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Umbel Sun Rose | Halimium umbellatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Halimium umbellatum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and no confirmed safety assessment for cats or dogs has been established. In the absence of confirmed non-toxic status, it is conservatively rated mildly-toxic. Contact a vet immediately if pets ingest any part of the plant. |
| Umbrella Bamboo | Fargesia murielae | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fargesia murielae is a member of the Poaceae (grass) family and is non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. It is a primary food source for giant pandas. Not individually ASPCA-listed, but true bamboos have no toxic principle. |
| Umbrella Magnolia | Magnolia tripetala | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Magnolia as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Magnolia tripetala is not individually listed by ASPCA but the Magnolia genus has no reported toxic principle. |
| umbrella plant | Schefflera actinophylla | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Schefflera (umbrella tree) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, lips and tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Umbrella Tree | Heptapleurum actinophyllum | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Umbrella Tree (Brassaia/Schefflera actinophylla, syn. Heptapleurum actinophyllum) as toxic to both dogs and cats. Toxic principles are terpenoids, saponins, and insoluble calcium oxalates; ingestion typically causes oral irritation, drooling, and mild vomiting and diarrhea. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Unbranched Bur-reed | Sparganium emersum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sparganium emersum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus Sparganium (family Typhaceae) has no known toxic principles reported for dogs or cats. The seeds and vegetative parts are consumed by waterfowl without harm. No toxicity concerns are documented for companion animals. |
| Unequal-Leaf Gibbaeum | Gibbaeum dispar | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gibbaeum dispar is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, closely related Aizoaceae genera (including Lithops, Dinteranthus, and Pleiospilos) are listed as non-toxic, and no toxic principle has been documented for Gibbaeum. Treat with caution nonetheless and consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Unequal-leaf peperomia | Peperomia inaequalifolia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia inaequalifolia is not individually named in the ASPCA database, but the ASPCA lists multiple Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. argyreia, P. caperata, P. prostrata) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no member of the genus recorded as toxic. It is considered pet-safe on that clean-genus basis; verify with your vet if your pet ingests any, as eating any plant in quantity can cause mild, transient stomach upset. |
| Unequal-leaf Primulina | Primulina anisophylla | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina anisophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. With no available confirmed safety data for cats and dogs, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; keep away from pets and seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected. |
| Unscented Dendrobium | Dendrobium anosmum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dendrobium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for D. anosmum. |
| Upright European Hornbeam | Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carpinus betulus (hornbeam) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is not recognised as a poisonous plant in major veterinary or horticultural toxicology references (ASPCA, RHS). No toxic principles have been documented in the genus. Considered safe for gardens with pets, though ingestion of bark or large amounts of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Upright Hedge Parsley | Torilis japonica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Torilis japonica is not specifically listed by the ASPCA. As a member of Apiaceae, some relatives contain furanocoumarins that cause photosensitisation; out of caution it is classified as mildly toxic pending species-level ASPCA confirmation. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Upright Nidularium | Nidularium procerum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliads as a family are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Nidularium procerum is not individually cited, but it belongs to the Bromeliaceae family and contains no reported toxic principles. The leaf margins are spiny and can cause mechanical injury if chewed. |
| Upright Prairie Coneflower | Ratibida columnifera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ratibida columnifera is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database and no toxic principles are documented for the genus. It is widely grown in wildlife gardens across North America with no history of companion-animal poisoning. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild transient gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals. |
| Uproar Rose zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Uproar Rose' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia elegans cultivars, including 'Uproar Rose', are listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Safe for pet-friendly gardens. |
| Urmia tulip | Tulipa urumiensis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulip (Tulipa spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principles are tulipalin A and tulipalin B (lactone compounds), most concentrated in the bulb. Ingestion causes vomiting, depression, diarrhoea, and hypersalivation. |
| Urn Plant | Aechmea fasciata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Aechmea fasciata is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, and Aechmea is a different genus from the only ASPCA-listed bromeliad (Neoregelia, 'Blushing Bromeliad', which is non-toxic). As it is not itself ASPCA-listed, treat it as mildly toxic and confirm with your vet; its stiff, finely toothed leaf margins can also physically scratch a curious pet. |
| Ursula's Red Painted Fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Ursula's Red' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium (lady ferns) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. True ferns in the Athyriaceae family do not contain the toxic glycosides found in unrelated plants called 'ferns' (e.g. asparagus fern). Safe to grow around pets and children. |
| Ussurian pear | Pyrus ussuriensis | edible | Mildly toxic | Seeds of Pyrus ussuriensis contain amygdalin (cyanogenic glycoside), as is typical of the Rosaceae family. ASPCA does not individually list this species, but cyanogenic Rosaceae are considered toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Fruit flesh is edible but astringent fresh and is typically cooked. Prevent pets from ingesting seeds, leaves, or bark. |
| Alpine Bladderwort | Utricularia alpina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia (bladderwort) is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not ASPCA-grounded as safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As with most ornamental plants, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Two-scaled Bladderwort | Utricularia bisquamata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, which classifies only the Venus Fly Trap among carnivorous plants (as non-toxic). With no ASPCA ruling for bladderworts, treat with caution and verify with a vet; it is not known to be dangerous but should not be assumed pet-safe. |
| Cup-fruited Bladderwort | Utricularia calycifida | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia (bladderwort) is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not ASPCA-grounded as safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Ingesting the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Livid Bladderwort | Utricularia livida | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia (bladderwort) is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not ASPCA-grounded as safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. As with most ornamental foliage, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Long-leaved Bladderwort | Utricularia longifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia (bladderwort) is not individually listed by the ASPCA in its toxic or non-toxic plant database, and the genus is not ASPCA-grounded as safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. Ingesting the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting in cats and dogs. |
| Lotus-leaved Bladderwort | Utricularia nelumbifolia | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA (which lists only the Venus Fly Trap among carnivorous plants as non-toxic). With no ASPCA ruling for bladderworts, treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe; ingestion is unlikely to be seriously harmful but should not be encouraged. |
| Rabbit ears bladderwort | Utricularia sandersonii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Utricularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The bladders are microscopic and the plant is not known to be a poisoning risk, but it should not be labelled pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| Awl-shaped Bladderwort | Utricularia subulata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Utricularia is not individually listed by the ASPCA. It does not appear on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists — treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant is minute and unlikely to be eaten in quantity, but ingestion could cause mild GI upset. |
| Uvaia | Eugenia pyriformis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eugenia pyriformis fruit is consumed by humans in Brazil and widely used for commercially sold juice. No toxic principles are documented for this species in the botanical or veterinary literature (PFAF 'none known'). ASPCA does not individually list Eugenia pyriformis. Based on the absence of known toxic compounds and its established use as a food plant, it is considered low-risk for pets, though contact a vet if a pet ingests substantial quantities. |
| Valais fescue | Festuca valesiaca | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca grasses are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True fescues contain no known toxic principles to dogs or cats; the genus is considered non-toxic for household pets. |
| Valdivia Bamboo | Chusquea valdiviensis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chusquea valdiviensis is a member of the grass family Poaceae. No toxic compounds are known for bamboo grasses; the genus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA for dogs or cats. |
| Valencia orange | Citrus sinensis 'Valencia' | edible | Mildly toxic | As Citrus sinensis, Valencia orange is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Essential oils and psoralens concentrated in the peel, leaves, and stems are the toxic principles, causing vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and potential dermatitis. The fruit flesh in small quantities is low-risk, but the whole plant should be kept out of reach of pets. |
| Valentine bleeding heart | Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Valentine' | flowering | Toxic | Bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos/Dicentra) is recognised as toxic to cats and dogs; all parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids. Reported signs include trembling, staggering, drooling, vomiting and diarrhoea, with larger ingestions risking more serious effects. The sap may also irritate skin — keep away from pets and wear gloves when handling. |
| Valentine's Crown Vetch | Coronilla valentina | flowering | Toxic | Coronilla species contain cyanogenic glycosides (coronillin) throughout the plant. Ingestion by dogs or cats can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, rapid breathing, weakness, and potentially more severe cardiovascular effects in larger amounts. The plant is not listed as pet-safe by ASPCA; treat as toxic and keep pets away from all plant parts. |
| valerian | Valeriana officinalis | herb | Mildly toxic | Valeriana officinalis is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and is generally regarded as low-toxicity, but it is not formally listed as non-toxic either, so it is treated as uncertain; verify with a vet. Notably, valerian acts as a catnip-like attractant and stimulant for many cats; large ingestions typically cause only mild vomiting or sedation. |
| American eelgrass | Vallisneria americana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Vallisneria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a submerged aquatic, pet exposure is minimal, but do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| giant vallis | Vallisneria gigantea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Vallisneria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its toxicity to cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Pet exposure is minimal as a submerged aquatic, but do not label it pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| dwarf vallis | Vallisneria nana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Vallisneria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Pet exposure is minimal as a submerged aquatic, but do not assert pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| straight vallis | Vallisneria spiralis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Vallisneria is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Exposure is minimal as a submerged aquarium plant, but do not assert pet-safe without ASPCA grounding. |
| Vallisneria-leaved butterwort | Pinguicula vallisneriifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula vallisneriifolia is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic & Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxic principle has been identified in the genus, but digestive mucilage on the leaves may irritate mucous membranes if chewed. Classed as mildly-toxic pending formal ASPCA classification. |
| valonia oak | Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis | edible | Toxic | ASPCA classifies oak (Quercus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The acorns, leaves and bark are rich in tannins (this subspecies is grown commercially for tanning), and ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and potential kidney or liver damage at high doses. Keep pets and livestock away from fallen acorns. |
| Vancouver Jade Bearberry | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 'Vancouver Jade' | edible | Mildly toxic | As with the species, 'Vancouver Jade' contains arbutin and tannins. The berries are edible for humans in small quantities and a traditional food, but large consumption can cause gastrointestinal upset. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic to pets; however, arbutin (a hydroquinone glycoside) may be harmful to cats or dogs in quantity. Seek veterinary advice before allowing pet access. |
| Fuchs Delight Vanda | Vanda 'Fuchs Delight' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Vanda belongs to the orchid family, which the ASPCA classes as non-toxic. Ingesting a large amount of leaf or root may cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset, and the real risk to pets is any insecticide or fertiliser on the plant rather than the orchid itself. |
| Singapore Orchid | Vanda 'Miss Joaquim' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchids are classified by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis orchid is the named non-toxic entry, with no orchid on the toxic list). This Vanda hybrid is not individually listed, but as a member of Orchidaceae it contains no calcium oxalates or known toxic principle. Non-toxic does not mean edible; chewing may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Robert's Delight Vanda | Vanda 'Robert's Delight' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs — Vanda is part of the orchid family, which the ASPCA classes as non-toxic. A pet eating a large amount of leaf or root could get mild, temporary digestive upset, and any pesticide or fertiliser on the plant is a greater hazard than the orchid tissue itself. |
| Vanda orchid | Vanda spp. | flowering | Mildly toxic | The genus Vanda is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. The only orchid the ASPCA lists as non-toxic is Phalaenopsis (a different genus), so we cannot confirm Vanda is safe; treat it as mildly toxic and verify with your vet. Even non-toxic orchids can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if chewed, and fertiliser or pesticide residue on the plant poses a separate risk to pets. |
| Vandeleur's Cape Primrose | Streptocarpus vandeleurii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Streptocarpus spp. (Cape Primrose) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. |
| Vandell's Rock Jasmine | Androsace vandellii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Androsace vandellii and the genus Androsace (Primulaceae) do not appear on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. No known toxic principles have been documented, but in the absence of ASPCA confirmation the species is classified as mildly-toxic. |
| Vanilla Trumpet Vine | Distictis laxiflora | tropical | Mildly toxic | Distictis laxiflora belongs to the Bignoniaceae family. ASPCA does not specifically list Distictis, and the family does not have a well-documented systemic toxicity like Solanaceae or Araceae. Mild irritation from sap is possible. As a precaution, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children until further species-level data is available. |
| Variable Air Plant | Tillandsia variabilis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia variabilis belongs to the Bromeliaceae family. Bromeliads and the Tillandsia genus are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds are reported for this species. |
| Variable Dancing Ginger | Globba variabilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Globba is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Closely related Zingiberaceae members (Hedychium, Kaempferia) are listed as non-toxic, but because Globba variabilis lacks a specific ASPCA clearance, a mildly-toxic classification is applied as a precautionary measure. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. |
| Variable Epidendrum | Epidendrum difforme | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Epidendrum belongs to Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Epidendrum difforme is not individually cited by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. Considered safe for households with pets. |
| Variable Zamia | Zamia polymorpha | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Zamia polymorpha contain cycasin and macrozamin throughout leaves, stems, and seeds. These compounds cause acute hepatotoxicity and neurological damage in dogs, cats, and are hazardous to humans. Seeds are the most concentrated source of toxins. ASPCA classifies the Zamia genus as severely toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Variable-Hair Chirita | Chirita heterotricha | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Chirita heterotricha is a member of Gesneriaceae, a family not cited as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been documented for this species. Considered pet-safe, though ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort in pets. |
| Variable-Leaf Pitcairnia | Pitcairnia heterophylla | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pitcairnia is in the Bromeliaceae family, broadly regarded as non-toxic to pets. This species is not individually listed by the ASPCA; no toxic principles are reported in the published literature. The stiff outer leaf spines may cause minor physical injury if chewed. |
| Variable-leaved butterwort | Pinguicula heterophylla | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Pinguicula heterophylla is not specifically listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The Pinguicula genus is not a known highly toxic group; ingestion is expected to cause only mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. A precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied pending confirmed ASPCA non-toxic status. |
| Varied-leaved rock rose | Cistus heterophyllus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus heterophyllus is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No specific toxic principles have been identified in veterinary or horticultural literature for this species. Classified as mildly-toxic here as a precaution, as the genus has not been formally cleared by ASPCA. |
| Variegata Siberian bugloss | Brunnera macrophylla 'Variegata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Brunnera is in the borage family (Boraginaceae), which can contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, so ingestion may cause stomach upset and should be discouraged. |
| variegated basket grass | Oplismenus hirtellus 'Variegatus' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oplismenus hirtellus belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family. Ornamental grasses are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA, and Poaceae contains no known toxic principles. This plant is considered safe for cats, dogs, and horses. |
| Variegated Bear's Paw | Cotyledon tomentosa 'Bear's Paw Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon tomentosa, like all Cotyledon species, contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides. Ingestion by cats, dogs, or livestock can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle tremors, and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia. Keep out of reach of all pets and children. Seek veterinary advice immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Variegated Carrion Flower | Stapelia variegata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Stapelia variegata (Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) is listed by ASPCA via the closely related Stapelia hirsuta (Carrion Flower / Hairy Toad Plant) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic compounds have been reported for the Stapelia genus. |
| variegated cast iron plant | Aspidistra elatior 'Variegata' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The cast iron plant (Aspidistra elatior) has no known toxic principle; a pet that chews leaves may get mild stomach upset from plant fibre, but there is no poisoning risk. |
| variegated prairie cord grass | Spartina pectinata 'Aureomarginata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Spartina pectinata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so it cannot be confirmed pet-safe; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The clear practical hazard is mechanical: the blade margins are sharply toothed (the species is sometimes called 'rip-gut' or sloughgrass) and can lacerate skin, mouth and paws. |
| Trinette schefflera | Heptapleurum arboricola 'Trinette' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Schefflera (dwarf/variegated umbrella plant) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates; chewing causes oral irritation and burning of the mouth and tongue, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Rainbow Bush | Portulacaria afra 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Widely documented as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the green form (spekboom) is even edible and browsed by livestock. Note that Portulacaria afra is not individually enumerated on the ASPCA list, so this rests on broad horticultural consensus rather than a specific ASPCA entry; eating a large amount may still cause transient mild stomach upset, so discourage chewing and verify with a vet if concerned. |
| Variegated Giant Reed | Arundo donax 'Variegata' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Arundo donax is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The plant's tissues contain silica crystals and potentially low levels of cyanogenic glucosides (as reported in some grass-family members); ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in dogs and cats. Treat as mildly toxic out of caution and keep pets from chewing the canes. |
| Variegated Greater Periwinkle | Vinca major 'Variegata' | flowering | Toxic | As a Vinca major cultivar, 'Variegata' contains the same vinca alkaloids as the species and is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidance on Vinca species. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, hypotension, and neurological symptoms. All parts are toxic. |
| Variegated greater pond sedge | Carex riparia 'Variegata' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex riparia is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. The variegated form is considered non-toxic; as with all waterside plants, sharp leaf margins can cause minor cuts, so supervision near water is advisable. |
| Variegated Ground Ivy | Glechoma hederacea 'Variegata' | herb | Mildly toxic | Shares the toxicity profile of the species, Glechoma hederacea. Not individually listed by ASPCA for cats or dogs. Documented toxic to horses in quantity. Volatile terpenoid oils may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, drooling) in dogs and cats if ingested. Keep away from pets that browse plants; consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Variegated Japanese Spurge | Pachysandra terminalis 'Variegata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a cultivar of Pachysandra terminalis, 'Variegata' contains the same alkaloids and saponins as the parent species. Not individually listed by ASPCA. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Striped Lady Palm | Rhapis excelsa 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Lady Palm, Rhapis excelsa, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list; variegation does not change toxicity). Chewing the fibrous foliage may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage nibbling. |
| Variegated Lilyturf | Liriope muscari 'Variegata' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Liriope muscari is listed by ASPCA as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion of the foliage or berries can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal discomfort. The black berries are particularly attractive to pets and children. Not life-threatening in small amounts but veterinary advice should be sought if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Variegated Liveforever | Dudleya variegata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya variegata is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Dudleya genus is not among the toxic Crassulaceae genera (Crassula, Kalanchoe, Cotyledon) and no toxic principle has been documented for any Dudleya species. The plant is considered safe in horticultural literature. Ingestion of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Monstera Albo | Monstera deliciosa 'Albo Variegata' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Monstera deliciosa (as the cutleaf philodendron/Swiss cheese plant) as toxic to cats and dogs. The variegated cultivar shares the same chemistry: insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral irritation, intense burning of mouth and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. |
| Variegated Chin Cactus | Gymnocalycium mihanovichii f. variegata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gymnocalycium is not on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and the common rootstocks (e.g. Hylocereus) are also cacti not regarded as toxic. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so this is a family-level safe rating for cats and dogs: no toxic principle, but the spines on both scion and rootstock are a mechanical hazard if chewed. |
| Variegated pieris | Pieris japonica 'Variegata' | flowering | Toxic | As with all Pieris japonica cultivars, 'Variegata' contains grayanotoxins throughout all plant parts. Ingestion causes toxic effects in dogs, cats, horses, and humans including vomiting, excessive salivation, weakness, low blood pressure, and cardiac problems. Treat as a poisonous garden plant. |
| variegated purple moor grass | Molinia caerulea 'Variegata' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Molinia belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family, which is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic principles affect dogs or cats. The variegated foliage does not alter this safety profile. |
| Variegated Purple Moor Grass | Molinia caerulea 'Variegata' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Molinia caerulea is not individually listed by ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant databases. No known toxic principles have been identified in the genus, which is native to European grasslands and moorlands. Generally considered safe around pets. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests a large quantity. |
| Variegated Shell Ginger | Alpinia vittata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Alpinia vittata is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Zingiberaceae is not a recognised toxic plant family for cats or dogs. However, ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Classified as mildly toxic as a precautionary measure; consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| variegated silver grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus sinensis and its cultivars are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Ornamental grasses in this genus have no known toxic principles and are generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Variegated Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum odoratum 'Variegatum' | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain saponins, anthraquinone glycosides, and cardiotoxic heterosides (concentrated in the blue-black berries). Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and can affect heart rhythm. ASPCA's plant list does not individually name P. odoratum 'Variegatum', but Polygonatum as a genus is documented as toxic to pets and humans in veterinary literature. Keep berries away from children and pets. |
| Variegated Rosary Vine | Ceropegia woodii 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ceropegia woodii (rosary vine / string of hearts) is on the ASPCA non-toxic list, so this variegated cultivar is pet-safe; as with any plant, a pet eating a lot of the trailing strands may get mild stomach upset, and the dangling vines may tempt playful cats. |
| Variegated String of Beads | Curio rowleyanus 'Variegatus' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists string of pearls (Senecio/Curio rowleyanus) as toxic to cats and dogs. The sap can cause vomiting, lethargy and gastrointestinal upset if eaten, and skin contact may cause dermatitis. Keep trailing strands out of reach of pets. |
| variegated sweet flag | Acorus calamus 'Variegatus' | herb | Toxic | As a cultivar of Acorus calamus, this plant is toxic to pets. Its foliage and rhizome contain β-asarone, a potentially carcinogenic compound that can cause vomiting and, in dogs, seizures if eaten. Acorus is not on the named ASPCA list, but documented toxicology supports treating it as unsafe; keep it away from cats, dogs and children and consult a vet on ingestion. |
| Variegated Valentine Hoya | Hoya kerrii 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Sweetheart Hoya (Hoya kerrii) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so the variegated form is pet-safe. The milky sap can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in quantity and may irritate skin, so it is still best to discourage pets from chewing the leaves. |
| gold fountains sedge | Carex dolichostachya 'Kaga-nishiki' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Carex is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The genus is not known to be poisonous and is generally considered low-risk, but with no explicit ASPCA listing it should be treated with caution; ingestion may cause mild stomach upset. Verify with a vet if a pet eats a significant amount. |
| Variegated-colour begonia | Begonia versicolor | houseplant | Toxic | Begonia versicolor belongs to the Begonia genus listed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Soluble calcium oxalates in the plant tissue cause oral irritation, salivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing; rhizome tissue carries the highest concentration. |
| Varnished Air Plant | Tillandsia vernicosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Minor gastrointestinal upset may occur if pets ingest significant quantities of leaf material. |
| Vasey's trillium | Trillium vaseyi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains steroidal saponins in all plant parts, particularly the berries and rhizome. Ingestion by cats or dogs can cause vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy. Seek veterinary advice promptly if a pet eats any part of the plant. Not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database; the general Trillium genus is flagged as a GI irritant by veterinary sources. |
| Vasse's Staghorn Fern | Platycerium vassei | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Platycerium alcicorne (the species Platycerium vassei is now classified under or closely allied to) is individually listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. |
| Vazquez's Zamia | Zamia vazquezii | tropical | Toxic | Zamia vazquezii, as a member of the Zamiaceae family, contains macrozamin and other azoxyglycoside toxins closely related to cycasin. The ASPCA lists Zamia species (including Zamia pumila, coontie palm/cardboard palm) as toxic to dogs and cats; symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, and potentially fatal liver failure. All parts — especially seeds — are toxic, and ingestion requires immediate veterinary attention. |
| Veilchenblau | Rosa 'Veilchenblau' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (true Rosa species). It is non-poisonous and, being nearly thornless, presents even less mechanical hazard than most ramblers. |
| Vein-leaved Zamia | Zamia neurophyllidia | tropical | Toxic | Contains cycasin, a potent hepatotoxin found in all Zamia species. The ASPCA lists Zamia as toxic to dogs and cats, with ingestion causing vomiting, haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, liver failure, and death. Seeds are the most dangerous part, but all tissues are hazardous. Not safe for children either. |
| Veined Begonia | Begonia venosa | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Begonia (Begonia spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, with soluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; signs include vomiting and salivation, and the underground parts (rhizomes/tubers) are the most toxic. Keep this plant away from pets and call a vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Veitch Fir | Abies veitchii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies veitchii, like other true firs, is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No known toxic compounds to dogs or cats. Ingestion of large amounts of needles may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to resin content, but the species is considered non-toxic. |
| Montgomery palm | Veitchia arecina | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; the genus Veitchia is represented in the ASPCA non-toxic database (Veitchia merrillii, Dwarf royal palm), with no recognised toxic principle. The clusters of bright red fruit and tough fronds can still cause gastrointestinal upset or choking if eaten in quantity, so limit pet access. |
| Veldt Cyanotis | Cyanotis veldthoutianum | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cyanotis is in the Commelinaceae family. The genus is not individually listed as toxic by ASPCA, but related genera in this family (e.g. Tradescantia) contain compounds that cause contact dermatitis and mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. The fine stem hairs can also cause oral irritation. Treat with caution around pets and children. |
| Velick's Air Plant | Tillandsia velickiana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion of leaf material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Velvet Ash | Fraxinus velutina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fraxinus velutina is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, or horses. No toxic principle is documented in this species. The leaves, bark, and samaras are not known to cause poisoning in companion animals. |
| Velvet bean | Mucuna pruriens | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but Mucuna pruriens poses real physical and chemical hazards. The pods are covered in fine trichomes containing mucunain (a cysteine protease), which causes intense, prolonged skin and mucous membrane irritation — always handle with gloves and eye protection. Raw seeds contain high concentrations of L-DOPA and other compounds that are toxic to pets and humans if ingested raw; cooking partially reduces toxicity. If pets contact or ingest any part of this plant, consult a veterinarian promptly. |
| Velvet Calathea | Calathea rufibarba | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Calathea rufibarba (now Goeppertia rufibarba) belongs to this same genus group. As with any plant, eating large amounts of fibrous leaves may cause mild, temporary stomach upset; consult your vet if concerned. |
| velvet calathea | Goeppertia warscewiczii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs; Calathea/Goeppertia prayer plants (Marantaceae) contain no toxic principles. Non-toxic does not mean edible — ingestion of large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal upset. |
| Velvet Calathea | Goeppertia rufibarba | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and this species is the same genus (formerly classified as Calathea rufibarba). As with any plant, a cat or dog eating large amounts of the fibrous leaves may get mild, temporary stomach upset, so discourage heavy chewing and check with your vet if concerned. |
| Velvet Calathea Jungle | Calathea warscewiczii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Goeppertia warszewiczii is a reclassified Calathea covered by this genus-level listing; all ASPCA-listed Calathea and Maranta entries are non-toxic. As with any plant, nibbling large amounts can cause mild, temporary stomach upset; verify with your vet if your pet has eaten any. |
| Velvet Cotyledon | Cotyledon velutina | houseplant | Toxic | Cotyledon species contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides throughout the genus. ASPCA lists Cotyledon orbiculata as toxic to cats and dogs; this toxic principle is consistent across all Cotyledon species including C. velutina. Symptoms in pets include vomiting, muscle weakness, and cardiac irregularities. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Velvet Leaf Philodendron | Philodendron hederaceum var. hederaceum 'Micans' | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. The leaves and stems contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting, and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep out of reach of curious pets. |
| Velvet Leaf Vine | Philodendron hederaceum var. hederaceum (syn. Philodendron micans) | tropical | Toxic | All Philodendron species, including P. micans/hederaceum, contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and are listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and humans by the ASPCA. Ingestion causes oral irritation, burning sensation, swelling of the mouth and throat, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| Velvet Queen sunflower | Helianthus annuus 'Velvet Queen' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus annuus is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The deep-pigmented 'Velvet Queen' cultivar shares the same non-toxic status as the species; all plant parts are safe for pets. |
| Velvet Sage | Salvia atrocyanea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Salvia genus is listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified specifically in Salvia atrocyanea. |
| Velvet tamarind | Dialium guineense | tropical | Mildly toxic | Dialium guineense is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is not formally established; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fruit pulp is a traditional human food, but the foliage and hard inedible pod shells are not characterised for pets, so prevent dogs and cats from chewing leaves or pods. |
| Velvetleaf | Abutilon theophrasti | herb | Mildly toxic | Abutilon theophrasti is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. No specific toxic principles are documented, but as with any plant ingested in quantity, mild gastrointestinal discomfort is possible in pets. Classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Venus flytrap | Dionaea muscipula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula, family Droseraceae) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No poisonous compounds are involved; a curious pet that chews a trap may at most get mild, transient mouth or stomach irritation from the fibrous plant tissue. The bigger risk is to the plant — pets and traps don't mix, so keep it out of reach to protect the flytrap itself. |
| Dente Venus flytrap | Dionaea muscipula 'Dente' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Venus Fly Trap). At most a curious pet chewing a leaf may get mild gastrointestinal upset. The greater risk is to the plant, which is fragile and easily damaged. Keep it out of reach to protect the flytrap rather than the pet. |
| Venus Maidenhair Fern | Adiantum capillus-veneris | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Adiantum maidenhair ferns). It contains no known toxic principle; nibbling may at most cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| Vera lavender | Lavandula angustifolia 'Vera' | herb | Mildly toxic | Lavandula angustifolia is listed by ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats, with linalool and linalyl acetate causing nausea, vomiting, and inappetence if ingested in significant quantities. Topical lavender essential oil is more concentrated and more dangerous than incidental contact with the plant. Generally low risk outdoors but keep pets from eating foliage. |
| Obsession Coral Eye Verbena | Verbena × hybrida 'Obsession Coral Eye' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Garden verbena (Verbena × hybrida) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database; the related 'Lemon Verbena' (Lippia citriodora) is listed as toxic due to essential oils, while 'Sand Verbena' (a different genus, Abronia) is non-toxic. Because the hybrid's status is not confirmed by ASPCA, treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Superbena Stormburst Verbena | Verbena × hybrida 'Superbena Stormburst' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Garden verbena (Verbena × hybrida) is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. ASPCA does list 'Lemon Verbena' (Lippia citriodora) as toxic from its essential oils, while 'Sand Verbena' (genus Abronia) is non-toxic — but neither covers this bedding hybrid. Because the status is unconfirmed by ASPCA, treat with caution and verify with a vet; eating plant material can cause mild stomach upset. |
| Verity's Liveforever | Dudleya verityi | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dudleya verityi is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Dudleya genus (Crassulaceae) has no documented toxic principles and is not related to the toxic Crassula or Kalanchoe genera. Considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. Discourage ingestion of any plant material as a general precaution. |
| Brooklime | Veronica beccabunga | flowering | Mildly toxic | Veronica beccabunga is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant lists, so its status for cats and dogs is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. Historically the young shoots were eaten by people as a salad cress, but pet tolerance is not established. |
| long-leaved speedwell | Veronica longifolia 'Blauriesin' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Veronica longifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with many ornamental perennials, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from grazing it. |
| Royal Candles speedwell | Veronica spicata 'Royal Candles' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Veronica spicata is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and no Veronica appears on the ASPCA toxic list. Speedwell is generally regarded as low-risk, but because it is not ASPCA-verified as non-toxic, treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| silver speedwell | Veronica spicata subsp. incana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Veronica spicata subsp. incana is not individually listed on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, and speedwells are widely regarded as low risk; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Culver's root | Veronicastrum virginicum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Veronicastrum virginicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The root is a documented emetic and cathartic in herbal use and can cause vomiting and diarrhoea if eaten, so keep pets and children from ingesting any part. |
| Fascination Culver's root | Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Veronicastrum virginicum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unconfirmed. The fresh root is a documented strong cathartic (purgative) in historical herbal use. Treat with caution and verify with a vet if a pet ingests it; do not assume it is pet-safe. |
| Verschaffelt's Peperomia | Peperomia verschaffeltii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia argyreia (the closely related watermelon peperomia) explicitly as non-toxic to dogs and cats, and rates the Peperomia genus broadly as non-toxic. No toxic principle has been identified in P. verschaffeltii. |
| Verticillata Wax Plant | Hoya verticillata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya verticillata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but the Hoya genus is clean: ASPCA lists Hoya carnosa (Wax Plant) and Hoya kerrii (Sweetheart Hoya) as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no toxic Hoya members. It is therefore considered pet-safe; nibbling may still cause mild GI upset, so verify with your vet if your pet ingests a large amount. |
| Vervain | Verbena officinalis | herb | Mildly toxic | Verbena officinalis itself is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. However, the verbena genus contains species of varying toxicity, and to avoid confusion with related toxic plants (such as lemon verbena, Aloysia triphylla, which is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses), a 'mildly-toxic' caution is appropriate. Ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Christmas moss | Vesicularia dubyana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Christmas moss (Vesicularia dubyana) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Vesicularia has no established ASPCA classification; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is safe for pets that may eat aquarium plants. |
| Christmas moss classic | Vesicularia montagnei | tropical | Mildly toxic | This Christmas-type moss (Vesicularia montagnei) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Vesicularia has no established ASPCA classification; treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe for pets that may nibble aquarium plants. |
| Veterans' Honor | Rosa 'Veterans' Honor' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rosa species; toxic principle: none). With its near-thornless stems even mechanical injury risk is low, though any remaining prickles can still scratch. |
| Vetter's Oregano | Origanum vetteri | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Origanum species (oregano) are listed as non-toxic to dogs and cats by the ASPCA. Origanum vetteri is not individually listed, but as a member of the Origanum genus in Lamiaceae it carries no known toxic principles and follows the genus-level pet-safe classification. Large quantities of any aromatic herb may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, but culinary exposure is safe. |
| Amazon Water Lily | Victoria amazonica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Victoria amazonica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain. Treat the spiny pads and stems as a non-food ornamental, keep pets away (the spines alone cause injury), and verify with a vet if any part is ingested. |
| Santa Cruz Water Lily | Victoria cruziana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Victoria cruziana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain. Treat the spiny-rimmed pads and stems as a non-food ornamental, keep pets clear of the spines, and verify with a vet if any part is ingested. |
| Victoria Lady Fern | Athyrium filix-femina 'Victoriae' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium filix-femina and all its cultivars are true ferns in family Athyriaceae. The ASPCA lists Athyrium as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Victoria Lady Fern shares this safe classification. No toxic principles are known. |
| Victoria rhubarb | Rheum × hybridum 'Victoria' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, concentrated in the leaf blades; ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, weakness, decreased blood calcium and kidney damage. Only the cooked leaf stalks are edible to humans, the leaves are poisonous to people and pets alike. |
| Vidal's Lady Fern | Athyrium vidalii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium vidalii is a true fern in family Athyriaceae. The ASPCA lists Athyrium species as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are reported for this species. Safe for pet-owning households. |
| Vietnamese coriander | Persicaria odorata | herb | Mildly toxic | Persicaria odorata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and its genus (Persicaria/Polygonum) has no ASPCA-listed members. However, related plants in the same buckwheat family (Polygonaceae) that the ASPCA does list — rhubarb, dock/sorrel and buckwheat — are all toxic to cats and dogs due to soluble calcium oxalates. With no clean genus precedent, treat it as potentially mildly toxic and verify with your vet before allowing pet access. |
| Vietnamese Perilla | Perilla frutescens var. purpurascens | herb | Toxic | As a form of Perilla frutescens, this plant is documented as toxic: not individually on the ASPCA cat/dog list, but veterinary toxicology references (Colorado State University) class Perilla as poisonous to grazing animals via perilla ketone, causing acute respiratory distress, with GI-upset risk to pets. Keep away from cats, dogs, and livestock and verify with a vet on ingestion. |
| Viguier's Angraecum | Angraecum viguieri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Angraecum viguieri is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Orchidaceae family is broadly recognised as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no toxic principle is known for Angraecum. Fertilisers and pesticides used with the plant should be kept away from pets. |
| Viking black chokeberry | Aronia melanocarpa 'Viking' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aronia (chokeberry) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The berries are used widely in human food products. The common name 'chokeberry' refers to the astringent, mouth-puckering taste of raw berries, not toxicity. Generally regarded as safe for dogs and cats, though eating large quantities of any berry may cause mild stomach upset. |
| Villena's Velvet Anthurium | Anthurium villenaorum | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. While Anthurium villenaorum is not individually named in the ASPCA database, ASPCA lists other Anthurium species (e.g. Anthurium scherzeranum, the Flamingo/Tail Flower) as toxic, and every Anthurium is an aroid (family Araceae) containing insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, intense drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children; if ingestion is suspected, contact a vet or ASPCA Animal Poison Control. |
| Villete's Living Stones | Lithops villetii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. The genus contains no known toxic compounds and is considered safe in pet-friendly homes. |
| Vilmorin's rowan | Sorbus vilmorinii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Raw berries of Sorbus species contain parasorbic acid and may cause gastrointestinal upset in pets and people if consumed raw in quantity. ASPCA does not individually list Sorbus vilmorinii. Berries are not generally palatable raw. Treat as mildly toxic; veterinary advice recommended if significant ingestion occurs. |
| vining peperomia | Peperomia dahlstedtii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. No significant toxic principles are known; accidental ingestion is unlikely to cause more than mild, temporary gastrointestinal discomfort. |
| Sorbet Raspberry Viola | Viola × wittrockiana 'Sorbet Raspberry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded: pansies and violets (Viola) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with edible flowers for humans. Ingesting large amounts may still cause mild, short-lived gastrointestinal upset. |
| Delta Pure Yellow Pansy | Viola × wittrockiana 'Delta Pure Yellow' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded: pansies and violets (Viola) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The flowers are also edible to humans. As with any plant, eating large amounts may cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Etain Horned Violet | Viola cornuta 'Etain' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-grounded: violas and violets (Viola) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and the flowers are edible to humans. Eating large amounts of any plant can still cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Violet Corkscrew Plant | Genlisea violacea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Genlisea violacea is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No confirmed toxicity data exists for pets, but the plant's carnivorous nature and lack of any formal safety listing mean it cannot be classified as pet-safe — consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Violet Petunia | Petunia integrifolia | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petunia (Petunia spp.) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. This applies to Petunia integrifolia as the wild parent species. |
| Violet sage | Salvia × superba | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Salvia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; consumption of foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset due to the aromatic oils but no serious toxic effects are expected. |
| Violet Wood Sorrel | Oxalis violacea | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Oxalis (Shamrock Plant, Oxalis spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates. Ingestion can cause salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in large quantities kidney failure (rare in dogs and cats) and tremors. |
| Violet-Flowered Sage | Salvia iodantha | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia iodantha is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic Plant database. As a member of the Salvia genus it contains volatile terpenoid essential oils that can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs if plant material is ingested in significant quantities; classified mildly-toxic by precaution in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic species listing. |
| Violette de Bordeaux fig | Ficus carica 'Violette de Bordeaux' | edible | Toxic | Ficus is listed as toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The milky sap (latex) contains ficin and irritant compounds (proteolytic enzymes/psoralens) that cause oral and skin irritation, drooling, and vomiting if chewed; the ripe fruit flesh is edible to humans but the foliage and sap are the hazard. |
| Violetto artichoke | Cynara scolymus 'Violetto' | edible | Mildly toxic | Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is not individually listed in the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat it with caution and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. As with many plants, ingestion of the foliage may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting in dogs and cats. |
| Viper's Bugloss | Echium vulgare | flowering | Mildly toxic | Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (echimidine and related compounds). The ASPCA lists Echium vulgare as toxic to horses, causing cumulative liver disease when ingested in quantity over time. The ASPCA does not separately list cats or dogs as affected species, but pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic across many animal species; the bristly stems also cause contact skin irritation in humans. Treat as mildly-toxic around cats and dogs pending further species-specific data, and wear gloves when handling. |
| Virgin bladderwort | Utricularia parthenopipes | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia parthenopipes is not included in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles are documented for this species, but because the genus lacks formal ASPCA clearance a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied; consult a vet if a pet ingests the plant. |
| Virgin Orchid | Lycaste virginalis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lycaste is not individually listed by ASPCA, but orchids in the Orchidaceae family have no reported toxic principle and the genus has no documented toxicity to cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe in line with the ASPCA's general non-toxic orchid classification. |
| Virginia Bluebells | Mertensia virginica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mertensia virginica is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. The plant is in the Boraginaceae family and contains small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, though at levels not clinically significant in a garden setting. Safe to grow in gardens frequented by pets and children. |
| Virginia Chain Fern | Woodwardia virginica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Woodwardia virginica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Woodwardia genus belongs to family Blechnaceae, a true fern family with no reported toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. Treat with the same confidence as other safe native ferns. |
| Virginia mountain mint | Pycnanthemum virginianum | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pycnanthemum virginianum (mountain mint) is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The aromatic essential oils (primarily pulegone and menthol-related compounds) are present in low concentrations and the plant is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets, though consumption of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Virginia Pine Bonsai | Pinus virginiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pinus species are treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (representative pines such as Ponderosa Pine are listed non-toxic); chewing needles or sappy bark may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Virginia spring beauty | Claytonia virginica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Claytonia virginica is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been identified, and the starchy corms are edible to humans. Pet Poison databases and horticultural safety resources list this species as safe for companion animals. |
| Virginia stock | Malcolmia maritima | flowering | Mildly toxic | Malcolmia maritima is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; no confirmed toxic principle has been identified in this Brassicaceae annual, and it is not generally considered dangerous. Classified here as mildly-toxic by precaution because ASPCA listing is absent — consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Virginia Waterleaf | Hydrophyllum virginianum | herb | Mildly toxic | Hydrophyllum virginianum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. PFAF records no known hazards, and the young leaves are documented as edible by humans. However, lack of confirmed ASPCA listing means pet-safe status cannot be asserted; classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. Consult a vet if a pet ingests large amounts. |
| crimson glory vine | Vitis coignetiae | flowering | Toxic | Vitis coignetiae bears small grapes, and grapes/raisins of the Vitis genus cause acute kidney injury in dogs per ASPCA and veterinary sources, so it is treated as toxic. Although grown ornamentally, fallen fruit is within reach of pets; ingestion can cause vomiting, lethargy and kidney failure. Keep dogs from eating the grapes and seek veterinary care promptly if any are consumed. |
| common grapevine | Vitis vinifera | edible | Toxic | While the ASPCA notes grapevine foliage is not the primary concern, the fruit is dangerous: grapes and raisins (Vitis spp.) cause acute kidney injury in dogs and are treated as toxic, with tartaric acid implicated and effects possible even from small amounts. Because a fruiting grapevine drops grapes within pet reach, treat the plant as toxic; signs include vomiting, lethargy and kidney failure — seek veterinary help urgently. |
| Vivellii Winter Heath | Erica carnea 'Vivellii' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica carnea is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. 'Vivellii' shares the same non-toxic profile as the species and no toxic principles are known for Erica. Mild gastrointestinal upset may occur if large quantities are consumed, as with most garden plants, but there is no known toxic compound. |
| Volcanic peperomia | Peperomia vulcanica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA consistently lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. A pet that ingests a large amount of foliage may experience mild, transient gastrointestinal upset from the bulk of plant material, but no toxic compounds are involved. |
| voodoo lily | Sauromatum venosum | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Sauromatum venosum is a member of the Araceae (arum) family and, like its relatives, all parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides. Chewing releases needle-like crystals causing oral burning and irritation, drooling, retching, vomiting, loss of appetite and swelling of the mouth and throat. Keep away from pets and wash hands after handling the tuber. |
| Vranja quince | Cydonia oblonga 'Vranja' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cydonia oblonga (quince) is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The fruit flesh is non-toxic. As with other pome fruits, the seeds contain amygdalin; do not feed seeds intentionally to pets. |
| flaming sword | Vriesea splendens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Safe around cats and dogs. |
| Yellow Vriesea | Vriesea 'Astrid' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Vriesea is part of the non-toxic Bromeliaceae family recognised by the ASPCA, so this hybrid is safe around pets and presents no toxic principle. |
| Christine vriesea | Vriesea 'Christine' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea is a soft-leaved bromeliad; the ASPCA lists bromeliads such as the Blushing Bromeliad (Neoregelia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and no Vriesea is listed as toxic. Large nibbled amounts may cause mild stomach upset, but it is not poisonous. |
| Poelmanii vriesea | Vriesea 'Poelmanii' | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bromeliads (family Bromeliaceae) contain no toxic principle in the ASPCA database; a pet that chews the leaves risks only mild stomach upset or minor oral abrasion. |
| lobster claws | Vriesea carinata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Bromeliads (family Bromeliaceae) contain no toxic principle in the ASPCA database; at most a pet that chews the leaves may have mild stomach upset or minor oral irritation. |
| Foster's vriesea | Vriesea fosteriana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae) is non-toxic in the ASPCA database; chewing may at most cause mild GI upset or minor oral irritation from the broad, firm leaves. |
| king of bromeliads | Vriesea hieroglyphica | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae) is non-toxic in the ASPCA database; a chewing pet risks only mild GI upset or minor oral irritation from the broad, firm leaves. |
| flat-thread vriesea | Vriesea platynema | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. The bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae) is non-toxic in the ASPCA database; chewing may at most cause mild GI upset or minor oral irritation from the firm leaves. |
| Wagner's Air Plant | Tillandsia wagneriana | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion of leaf material may cause mild, temporary stomach upset in some pets. |
| Wagner's Sage | Salvia wagneriana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Wagner's Sage is considered safe for households with pets. |
| Waldbrunn Norway Spruce | Picea abies 'Waldbrunn' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Norway spruce (Picea abies) is not listed on the ASPCA's toxic-plant database and has no recognised toxic principle, so it is treated as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sharp needles can cause mild mechanical or gastrointestinal irritation if chewed; discourage ingestion and watch for short-lived stomach upset after large amounts. |
| Waldensian saxifrage | Saxifraga valdensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA; the genus is generally regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Waldo blackberry | Rubus ursinus × idaeus 'Waldo' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rubus genus, per the ASPCA Creeping Rubus entry). Thornless and low-growing, it poses minimal scratch risk; berries and leaves are safe, with only mild GI upset possible in large amounts. |
| Walker's Low catmint | Nepeta racemosa 'Walker's Low' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nepeta. The ASPCA lists catnip (Nepeta cataria), the closest listed relative, as toxic to cats; toxic principle nepetalactone, with vomiting and diarrhoea and either sedation or excitation. Walker's Low contains the same aromatic oils, so treat as mildly toxic and seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Walker's Low Catmint | Nepeta × faassenii 'Walker's Low' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nepeta × faassenii is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. As a sterile hybrid it does not set seed, but essential oil contact may cause mild temporary excitement in cats that roll on plants. |
| Walking Fern | Asplenium rhizophyllum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Asplenium is a true fern genus and is not on the ASPCA toxic list; true ferns are generally ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. Ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset in pets simply from eating plant fibre. |
| walking stick kale | Brassica oleracea var. longata | edible | Mildly toxic | As a Brassica oleracea kale, it is not individually listed by the ASPCA and is generally non-toxic to dogs, but it contains N-propyl disulfide and thiocyanate/isothiocyanate compounds that can cause Heinz-body hemolytic anemia in cats and GI irritation with repeated or large feeding. Although historically fed to cattle, treat it as unsafe for cats in quantity and check with a vet before feeding pets. |
| Wall Germander | Teucrium chamaedrys | herb | Toxic | Teucrium chamaedrys contains neoclerodane diterpenes, principally teucrin A, which are bioactivated by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver and cause hepatotoxicity (acute liver damage). Documented cases of liver failure in humans using herbal preparations, and the plant is listed as hepatotoxic; ASPCA lists Teucrium species as toxic. Ingestion by cats or dogs may cause vomiting, diarrhoea, jaundice, and acute liver failure. Keep away from all pets. |
| Wall Monanthes | Monanthes muralis | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Monanthes is a member of Crassulaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, no toxic principle to cats or dogs has been documented. It is not in the same category as the toxic Crassulaceae genera (Kalanchoe, Cotyledon). Considered non-toxic based on available genus-level data. |
| Wall Rue | Asplenium ruta-muraria | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed at the genus level as non-toxic: Asplenium species (e.g. Asplenium nidus, bird's nest fern, and Asplenium bulbiferum, king-and-queen fern) appear on the ASPCA non-toxic plant list for cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. Wall rue (Asplenium ruta-muraria) is a true spleenwort in the same genus with no known toxicity, so it is treated as pet-safe. |
| Wall-rue Spleenwort | Asplenium ruta-muraria | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Asplenium ruta-muraria is not individually assessed by the ASPCA. The closely related Asplenium bulbiferum (mother fern) is listed as non-toxic, but extrapolation to all Asplenium species is not confirmed. A mildly-toxic classification is used here as a precaution, consistent with general PFAF notes that some ferns may contain thiaminase and unspecified carcinogens. |
| Wallich's begonia | Begonia wallichiana | houseplant | Toxic | All Begonia species contain soluble oxalates concentrated in the roots and rhizomes; ingestion can cause excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing in cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to dogs and cats. |
| Wallich's cranesbill | Geranium wallichianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True Geranium (cranesbill) species, including G. wallichianum, are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. This is distinct from Pelargonium ('geranium' in common trade), which is mildly toxic. |
| Wallich's Staghorn Fern | Platycerium wallichii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Platycerium alcicorne (African staghorn fern) and Platycerium bifurcatum (common staghorn fern) are both listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Platycerium wallichii belongs to the same genus with no reported toxic principles; it shares this safety profile, though it is not individually listed by ASPCA. |
| Wallich's Strobilanthes | Strobilanthes wallichii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) has no well-documented severe toxic principles. Ingestion of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. As a precaution, keep pets that chew plants away from the foliage. |
| Wallich's Wood Fern | Dryopteris wallichiana | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dryopteris species are not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; the genus is generally considered non-toxic to pets. |
| Wallich's Wood Fern | Dryopteris wallichiana | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris wallichiana is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Dryopteris has no confirmed ASPCA entry; some third-party sources give conflicting reports for the genus. Treating it as uncertain, keep it away from pets that chew foliage and verify with a vet rather than assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Wallis fescue | Festuca valesiaca 'Glaucantha' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Festuca species are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Large ingestion of any fibrous grass material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Wallis's Dragon Orchid | Dracula wallisii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orchidaceae are classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Dracula wallisii is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been identified in this genus. |
| Wampee | Clausena lansium | tropical | Mildly toxic | Clausena lansium is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fruit pulp is eaten by people, but it is a citrus-family (Rutaceae) plant whose seeds, leaves and peel contain bitter compounds and aromatic oils, so keep pets from chewing seeds and foliage. |
| Queen Staghorn Fern | Platycerium wandae | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists staghorn fern (Platycerium) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is recognised; ingestion of the tough fronds may cause only mild, self-limiting stomach upset. |
| inch plant | Tradescantia zebrina | houseplant | Toxic | The sap of Tradescantia species can cause contact dermatitis in pets and people. ASPCA lists Tradescantia zebrina as toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Wandering Orthophytum | Orthophytum vagans | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is non-toxic to dogs and cats per the ASPCA. Orthophytum vagans is not individually listed, but no toxic compounds are associated with the genus or family. |
| Waras' Cryptanthus | Cryptanthus warasii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cryptanthus warasii is in Bromeliaceae, listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This species is not individually named in ASPCA databases, but no toxic principle is known for the genus and ASPCA's bromeliad guidance supports a pet-safe classification. |
| Waras' Parodia | Parodia warasii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Parodia is not individually listed by ASPCA. No systemic toxic compounds are documented for this genus. However, the dense spines present a physical hazard to pets and children. Ingestion of plant tissue may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Keep out of reach as a precaution. |
| Warming's Sinningia | Sinningia warmingii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia (Gloxinia group) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs; consumption of large quantities may cause minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Warneckii dracaena | Dracaena fragrans 'Warneckii' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA, which lists 'Warneckei Dracaena' (Dracaena fragrans 'Warneckii') as toxic due to saponins. Signs of ingestion include vomiting (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, and, in cats, dilated pupils. Keep away from pets. |
| Warszewicz's Kohleria | Kohleria warszewiczii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Kohleria warszewiczii belongs to Gesneriaceae, a family not listed as toxic by ASPCA. No toxic principles are known for any Kohleria species. Considered pet-safe, though the soft trichomes on stems and leaves may cause minor mechanical irritation if large quantities are consumed by pets. |
| Wart Fern | Microsorum scolopendria | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Microsorum scolopendria is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus is not among ASPCA's confirmed entries. Although most true ferns are regarded as non-toxic, we treat this species as uncertain: keep it out of reach, discourage chewing, and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Warty Brassavola | Brassavola tuberculata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassavola tuberculata belongs to Orchidaceae, a family with no identified toxic principle. The ASPCA considers orchids non-toxic to cats and dogs. Brassavola is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been reported for this genus. |
| Rice Cake Plant | Gasteria carinata var. verrucosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Gasteria is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs; it does not appear on the ASPCA toxic-plant list and the genus features on reputable pet-safe succulent lists. It is not individually enumerated by the ASPCA, and as with any houseplant, eating a large quantity may cause transient mild stomach upset. |
| Warty Living Stones | Lithops verruculosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lithops are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic compounds have been documented in this genus, making it safe for pet-friendly households. |
| wasabi | Eutrema japonicum | edible | Mildly toxic | Eutrema japonicum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Brassicaceae member it contains pungent glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates (the source of its heat) that can irritate a pet's mouth and gastrointestinal tract and cause drooling or vomiting if chewed. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Washington hawthorn | Crataegus phaenopyrum | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Crataegus as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, nibbling foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Watch chain plant | Crassula muscosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Crassula muscosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, but its genus is not clean: the ASPCA lists Jade Plant (Crassula argentea/ovata) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses, causing vomiting, depression and incoordination. As a precaution, treat the watch chain plant as mildly toxic, keep it away from pets, and contact your vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Water Apple | Syzygium aqueum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Syzygium aqueum fruit is widely consumed by humans across Southeast Asia and is generally regarded as safe for people. The species is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Myrtaceae family contains members with essential oils that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets; as a precaution, keep fruits and leaves away from cats and dogs and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| water avens | Geum rivale | flowering | Mildly toxic | Geum rivale is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The roots contain tannins (historically used medicinally) but no acutely toxic principle is documented; ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset in pets. |
| Nardoo | Marsilea mutica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Importantly, nardoo ferns (Marsilea) are documented to contain high levels of thiaminase, an enzyme that destroys thiamine (vitamin B1); raw nardoo has caused fatal thiamine deficiency (polioencephalomalacia) in grazing livestock per Cornell and MSD veterinary sources. Keep pets from grazing it and do not let people eat the raw plant. |
| Water Forget-me-not | Myosotis scorpioides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Myosotis scorpioides is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. However, other Boraginaceae family members are known to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are hepatotoxic in quantity, and not all Myosotis species have been individually assessed. Out of caution the plant is classified as mildly-toxic rather than confirmed pet-safe. No significant poisoning incidents involving this species are documented in cats or dogs. If a pet consumes a large quantity, consult a vet. |
| water hickory | Carya aquatica | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Bitter Pecan (Carya aquatica) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The whole nuts are still a choking and GI-blockage risk, and moldy fallen nuts can carry tremorgenic mycotoxins, so keep decaying nuts away from pets. |
| Water Horsetail | Equisetum fluviatile | flowering | Mildly toxic | Equisetum species are considered mildly toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. They contain thiaminase (an enzyme that destroys thiamine/vitamin B1) and alkaloids including equisetine. Large quantities consumed can cause neurological signs, particularly in horses and livestock. The ASPCA does not individually list E. fluviatile but the genus is generally treated as toxic by veterinary authorities. Keep pets away from horsetail patches. |
| Water lemon | Passiflora laurifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | The ripe fruit pulp is edible and consumed in the Caribbean. However, leaves, stems, and unripe fruit of Passiflora species contain cyanogenic glycosides which may cause mild GI upset in pets and children. ASPCA does not individually list P. laurifolia; treat foliage as mildly toxic and keep pets away from the plant material. |
| Water Mint | Mentha aquatica | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Mentha genus (Mentha sp.) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principles are essential oils; clinical signs with large ingestions include vomiting and diarrhea. Mentha aquatica belongs to this genus and should be treated as toxic to pets. |
| Water Parsley | Oenanthe javanica | edible | Mildly toxic | The leaves and stems of Oenanthe javanica are widely consumed as a vegetable and are not directly listed on the ASPCA toxic-plant database. However, the Oenanthe genus contains deadly toxic species (e.g. O. crocata, hemlock water dropwort, which contains oenanthotoxin). Given the genus risk and the fact that roots contain potentially harmful compounds if eaten raw, this species is classified as mildly-toxic until ASPCA listing confirms its safety. Keep pets from grazing on it as a precaution. |
| Water Speedwell | Veronica anagallis-aquatica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica anagallis-aquatica (family Plantaginaceae, formerly Scrophulariaceae) is not individually listed by ASPCA. Veronicas as a group have no documented toxic principle for pets or humans. The plant has a long history of use in traditional European herbal medicine with no reported toxicity concerns. |
| Bangkok large leaf water spinach | Ipomoea aquatica 'Bangkok Large Leaf' | edible | Toxic | Water spinach belongs to the genus Ipomoea, which the ASPCA lists as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (morning glory, Ipomoea spp.), via indole/LSA-type alkaloids that can cause vomiting and, with the seeds, neurological effects. Although the cooked shoots are a human food, treat the plant as unsafe for pets. |
| pak boong | Ipomoea aquatica 'Pak Boong' | edible | Toxic | As a member of the genus Ipomoea, which the ASPCA classifies as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (morning glory, Ipomoea spp.), the plant contains indole/LSA-type alkaloids capable of causing vomiting and neurological signs from the seeds. The cooked stems are eaten by people, but the plant should be kept away from pets. |
| Water Tupelo | Nyssa aquatica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nyssa aquatica is not individually listed by ASPCA. The dark-purple drupes are consumed by wildlife but are not considered safe for human or pet consumption and may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. No severe toxic principle is documented, but the fruit is not food-grade and should not be deliberately fed to pets. |
| Water Violet | Hottonia palustris | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hottonia palustris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. It is a native aquatic plant with no reported toxic principles, and poses no known risk to pets, fish, or wildlife. |
| Waterberg Cycad | Encephalartos eugene-maraisii | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Encephalartos eugene-maraisii are severely toxic. Cycads in this genus contain cycasin (hepatotoxin) and BMAA (neurotoxin), which cause vomiting, liver failure, and neurological damage in dogs, cats, and humans. Seeds are the most toxic part. ASPCA lists Encephalartos spp. as toxic to pets. Immediate emergency veterinary care is essential if ingested. |
| Watercress | Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum | edible | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists watercress (Nasturtium/Rorippa genus) as mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation including vomiting and diarrhea, particularly in quantity. Wild-harvested watercress poses additional risks from water-borne pathogens and proximity to toxic water hemlock (Cicuta species). Commercially grown watercress is safe for human consumption but should be kept away from pets. |
| Alpine Water Fern | Blechnum penna-marina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Blechnum penna-marina is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and the genus Blechnum is not covered, so a safe label cannot be asserted. True ferns are generally low-risk, but treat with caution: discourage chewing and consult a vet if a pet ingests it, as it may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Waterlily tulip | Tulipa kaufmanniana | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Tulipa (the genus, which includes T. kaufmanniana) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Tulipalin A and B — allergenic lactone compounds — are present throughout the plant but are most concentrated in the bulb scales and outer tunics. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, and (in larger amounts) cardiac and central nervous system effects. Keep bulbs away from pets during planting and storage. |
| water melon | Citrullus lanatus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Citrullus lanatus is not listed by the ASPCA. Flesh is safe; limit rind and seed amounts for digestion. |
| watermelon begonia | Pellionia repens | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses under the common name Watermelon Begonia. Despite the name it is not a true Begonia (whose tubers are toxic) but a Pellionia in the nettle family Urticaceae, and carries no reported toxic principle. |
| Watermelon dischidia | Dischidia ovata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dischidia ovata is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database; only the separate genus Hoya (wax plant, sweetheart hoya) is ASPCA-confirmed non-toxic, so that listing does not cover Dischidia. NC State Extension classifies it as low-severity poisonous, noting the sap may irritate skin and that ingestion can cause mouth burning, vomiting, and diarrhoea in cats, dogs, and children. Keep out of reach and verify with your vet if a pet chews it. |
| Watermelon peperomia | Peperomia argyreia | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists Peperomia argyreia (Watermelon Peperomia, family Piperaceae) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs, so it is safe to keep around pets. As with any plant, a curious animal that eats a large amount may still get mild digestive upset, but no toxic compounds are involved. The ASPCA does not list a status for horses. |
| variegated watermelon peperomia | Peperomia argyreia 'Variegata' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Peperomia argyreia and the wider Peperomia genus are recognised by the ASPCA as safe for pets; despite the 'watermelon begonia' nickname it is a true peperomia, not a begonia, and poses no known toxic risk. |
| watermint | Mentha aquatica | herb | Toxic | The ASPCA lists mint (Mentha species) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses; the toxic principle is essential oils, with vomiting and diarrhoea following large ingestions. As a Mentha species, watermint should be treated as toxic and kept away from pets that graze. |
| waterwheel plant | Aldrovanda vesiculosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Droseraceae) is not listed by ASPCA. The family Droseraceae has no documented toxic principle for cats or dogs. As an aquatic plant, accidental ingestion by pets is unlikely; no toxicity reports exist in veterinary literature. |
| Spreading petunia | Petunia × atkinsiana 'Wave' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Petunia is not on the ASPCA toxic list; despite belonging to the nightshade family, garden petunias lack significant toxic alkaloids. Large ingestion may still cause mild, transient GI upset. |
| Wave Purple Petunia | Petunia × hybrida 'Wave Purple' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Petunia (Petunia spp.) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Wave Purple, as a Petunia × hybrida cultivar, shares this classification. |
| Wavy Aponogeton | Aponogeton ulvaceus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Aponogeton ulvaceus is not individually listed by ASPCA; however, the Aponogeton genus has no known toxic principles and is universally regarded as safe in aquarium hobby literature. Confirm with a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Wavy begonia | Begonia undulata | houseplant | Toxic | Begonia undulata is toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic). The plant contains soluble calcium oxalates, which cause intense oral irritation, excessive salivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing upon ingestion. |
| wavy hair grass | Deschampsia flexuosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Deschampsia flexuosa is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a definitive pet-safe status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with any grass, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or vomiting in cats and dogs. |
| Wavy-leaf begonia | Begonia angularis | houseplant | Toxic | Listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Contains soluble calcium oxalates; the highest concentration is in the underground parts. Ingestion causes vomiting, salivation, and in grazing animals can cause kidney failure. |
| Wavy-margin Primulina | Primulina repanda | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Primulina repanda is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No formal toxicological data exist for cats and dogs; as a precautionary classification it is rated mildly-toxic — do not allow pets access to the plant and consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| Wavyleaf coneflower | Echinacea simulata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Echinacea (coneflower) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No significant toxic principles have been identified; ingestion of large quantities may cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Bedding Begonia | Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates, causing vomiting and salivation. The most toxic part is underground. Keep away from pets. |
| Wax jambu | Syzygium samarangense | tropical | Mildly toxic | Syzygium samarangense is not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The fruit is a widely eaten human food, but as with other Syzygium, keep pets from chewing seeds and foliage, which may contain astringent or trace cyanogenic compounds. |
| waxflower | Hoya carnosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Hoya carnosa is not listed by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Wax-leaf begonia | Begonia cucullata | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Begonia species as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates; the underground tubers and rhizomes are the most concentrated source. Signs of ingestion include oral irritation, excessive drooling, and vomiting. |
| wayfaring tree | Viburnum lantana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viburnum lantana is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. However, the raw berries may cause mild gastric upset in humans and pets if consumed in quantity; ripe black berries have been eaten historically after cooking. Not a confirmed severe hazard, but supervision is advisable around young children and pets. |
| Weaver's Bamboo | Bambusa textilis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bambusa textilis is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Bamboos as a group have no documented toxic principles affecting cats, dogs, or horses, and the genus is widely regarded as non-toxic to pets. |
| Webb's Germander | Teucrium webbianum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Teucrium webbianum belongs to a genus in which neoclerodane diterpenes (including teucrin A) with hepatotoxic properties have been documented; it is not listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Ingestion by pets or people should be avoided. |
| Wedge-Leaved Savory | Satureja cuneifolia | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Satureja (savory) species are not individually listed by the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic lists, but the genus belongs to Lamiaceae, a family with no reported toxic principles. The culinary savories are considered safe. Consult a vet if a pet ingests large quantities. |
| Wedge-Shaped Miltonia | Miltonia cuneata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miltonia cuneata is a member of Orchidaceae, which the ASPCA classifies as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This species is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are reported for the Miltonia genus. |
| weeping blue Atlas cedar | Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca Pendula' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cedrus atlantica is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Needles and cones may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea in cats and dogs if eaten, and the aromatic oils can irritate skin. |
| Weeping Blue Atlas Cedar | Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca Pendula' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cedrus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. However, cedar foliage and bark contain volatile oils that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity by dogs or cats. Not considered severely toxic, but ingestion of large amounts is inadvisable. Classified here as mildly-toxic out of caution. |
| Weeping brown sedge | Carex flagellifera | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex flagellifera is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs. The plant is considered non-toxic; as with all plant material, ingestion of significant quantities may produce minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Weeping Eastern Hemlock | Tsuga canadensis 'Pendula' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock, not to be confused with Conium maculatum, the toxic herbaceous hemlock) is not listed as toxic by ASPCA. The conifer has no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats. Note: the common name 'hemlock' is sometimes confused with the unrelated and highly toxic plant Conium maculatum. |
| Weeping European Larch | Larix decidua 'Pendula' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix (larch) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No clinically significant toxic principles are reported in the genus; the needles and bark are generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. |
| benjamin fig | Ficus benjamina | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Ficus benjamina as toxic to cats and dogs due to ficin and ficusin in the milky sap. Skin contact can cause dermatitis in pets and sensitive people. |
| variegated weeping fig | Ficus benjamina 'Variegata' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs (as Weeping Fig / Ficus benjamina). The toxic principles are the proteolytic enzyme ficin and the psoralen ficusin found in the milky sap; ingestion and sap contact cause gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting) and dermal irritation. Keep out of reach of pets and wash skin after pruning. |
| weeping forsythia | Forsythia suspensa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Forsythia is generally considered to have low toxicity, but ASPCA does not specifically list it as non-toxic. The plant is not considered severely toxic, but ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. Treat with caution and keep curious pets away. |
| Weeping Giant Sequoia | Sequoiadendron giganteum 'Pendulum' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sequoiadendron giganteum and its cultivars are not listed as toxic by ASPCA. Giant sequoias have no documented toxic principles to dogs or cats; the shredded fibrous bark, cones, and foliage pose no known poisoning risk. |
| weeping love grass | Eragrostis curvula | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eragrostis curvula belongs to the grass family Poaceae, which contains no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. The ASPCA does not list love grasses as toxic. It is widely grazed by livestock without ill effect. Considered safe around pets. |
| Weeping Nootka Cypress | Cupressus nootkatensis 'Pendula' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | As a cultivar of Cupressus nootkatensis, this tree shares the same toxicology profile. ASPCA does not list Nootka Cypress as toxic. No known toxic principles affect cats, dogs, or horses; incidental foliage ingestion is not considered hazardous. |
| weeping Norway spruce | Picea abies 'Pendula' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea (spruce) species are not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. Spruce needles and sap can cause mild mouth and stomach irritation if chewed; treat with caution and verify with a vet if your pet ingests any. |
| weeping podocarpus | Podocarpus gracilior | houseplant | Toxic | Often sold as 'African fern pine' (now also classified as Afrocarpus gracilior), it belongs to the Podocarpus group the ASPCA lists (as 'Buddhist Pine', Podocarpaceae) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Treat foliage and seeds as toxic, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Weeping silver pear | Pyrus salicifolia 'Pendula' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pyrus salicifolia seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides typical of Rosaceae. Fruits are small, hard, and bitter — rarely consumed. ASPCA does not individually list this species; the risk to pets from fruit or foliage contact is considered low, but seed ingestion should be discouraged. |
| Weeping White Mulberry | Morus alba 'Pendula' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Unripe mulberry fruits and the white sap (latex) in stems and leaves of Morus species can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, nausea, diarrhea) in dogs, cats, and humans. Ripe fruit in small quantities is generally considered low-risk but large quantities may cause digestive upset. ASPCA does not list Morus as individually toxic, but the latex is a known mild irritant. Treat as mildly toxic out of caution, particularly for the foliage and unripe fruit. |
| Bristol Ruby weigela | Weigela florida 'Bristol Ruby' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Weigela is not individually confirmed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so its status is treated as uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. No serious toxicity is documented, but pending an authoritative ASPCA listing it should not be asserted as pet-safe, and ingestion may cause mild GI upset. |
| My Monet Weigela | Weigela florida 'Verweig' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Weigela as non-toxic to dogs and cats, so 'My Monet' is regarded as pet-safe. No dangerous toxins are present, but as with any plant, ingestion may cause mild, transient stomach upset, so prevent pets from grazing on the foliage. |
| Wine and Roses Weigela | Weigela florida 'Alexandra' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Weigela is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats, so 'Wine & Roses' is considered pet-safe. It contains no known dangerous compounds, though eating plant material may cause mild, self-limiting vomiting or gastrointestinal upset, so discourage pets from chewing it. |
| Weilbach's Aechmea | Aechmea weilbachii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bromeliaceae is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Aechmea weilbachii contains no known toxic compounds. The finely toothed leaf margins can cause minor skin abrasion during handling but pose no chemical hazard. |
| Weld | Reseda luteola | herb | Mildly toxic | Reseda luteola is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. It is not regarded as significantly toxic to cats or dogs, and the plant has a long history of safe use as a dye plant around people and livestock. However, no formal ASPCA safety classification exists, so it is listed here as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests a significant quantity. |
| Bunching onion | Allium fistulosum | edible | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Like all Allium species it contains organosulfur compounds (e.g. N-propyl disulfide) that cause oxidative damage to red blood cells, leading to Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia; signs include vomiting, lethargy, pale gums, rapid breathing and red-tinged urine. Cats are especially sensitive. Keep all parts away from pets. |
| Welsh Poppy | Papaver cambricum | flowering | Toxic | Contains isoquinoline alkaloids — magnoflorine is the major constituent in all plant parts, and mecambrine is also present. Although the alkaloid profile differs from opium poppy, all Papaveraceae poppies are considered toxic to dogs and cats, with potential symptoms including vomiting, sedation, respiratory depression, and incoordination. Contact a vet immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Weltoniensis begonia | Begonia weltoniensis | houseplant | Toxic | Like all Begonia species, B. weltoniensis contains soluble calcium oxalates, particularly in the underground parts. ASPCA lists Begonia as toxic to cats and dogs, with symptoms including oral irritation, salivation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Welwitsch's Anchomanes | Anchomanes welwitschii | tropical | Toxic | As a member of Araceae, Anchomanes welwitschii contains calcium oxalate raphides throughout all its tissues. Ingestion causes immediate intense burning and irritation of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract in cats, dogs, and humans. ASPCA classifies the Araceae family as toxic to cats and dogs. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Welwitsch's Thrift | Armeria welwitschii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Armeria welwitschii is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles are documented for this species. Applied as mildly-toxic as a precautionary classification; if ingested by cats or dogs, mild gastrointestinal irritation is the expected adverse effect. |
| Wendland's Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum wendlandianum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Bulbophyllum appendiculatum (Cirrhopetalum / Old World Orchid) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Bulbophyllum wendlandianum is in the same genus and has the horticultural synonym Bulbophyllum collettii (also Cirrhopetalum wendlandianum). No toxic principle is documented for this genus. |
| Wendland's cape primrose | Streptocarpus wendlandii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Streptocarpus spp. are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been reported for S. wendlandii. |
| Wendland's Lepanthes | Lepanthes wendlandii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Member of Orchidaceae, a family with no documented toxic principle. Not individually listed by the ASPCA; however, orchids broadly are confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in the Lepanthes genus. |
| West African Pitcairnia | Pitcairnia feliciana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pitcairnia feliciana is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Some Pitcairnia species are reported to contain saponin-like compounds that may cause mild oral irritation and gastrointestinal upset if consumed by cats or dogs. In the absence of an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing for this species, mildly-toxic is the conservative classification; consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs. |
| West Indian Gherkin | Cucumis anguria | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucumis anguria is a culinary cucurbit with no known toxic principles. Not individually assessed by ASPCA, but the Cucurbitaceae family has no significant toxicity to dogs or cats at culinary quantities; extremely bitter (cucurbitacin-high) fruits can cause GI upset but commercially grown varieties are selected for low bitterness. |
| West Texas sage | Salvia reptans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia (sage) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles have been identified in Salvia reptans. |
| Zebrina Giant Arborvitae | Thuja plicata 'Zebrina' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Thuja is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so a pet-safe label cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage contains volatile oils including thujone and ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea) in dogs and cats. |
| Western Bog Laurel | Kalmia microphylla | flowering | Toxic | Contains grayanotoxins throughout all plant parts, as with all Kalmia species. Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; ingestion causes salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle weakness, cardiovascular arrhythmias, loss of coordination, and potentially death. |
| Western Columbine | Aquilegia formosa | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Aquilegia formosa — particularly the seeds and roots — contain isoquinoline alkaloids and cyanogenic glycosides that are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans if ingested in significant quantities. Seeds are the most toxic portion. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, and in serious cases cardiac effects. The plant tastes extremely bitter, which limits voluntary ingestion by pets, but risk remains. Not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list for this species, but veterinary sources consistently flag Aquilegia as toxic to pets and humans. Wear gloves when handling and keep children and pets away from plants during seeding. |
| Western Hemlock | Tsuga heterophylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tsuga heterophylla (Western Hemlock, the conifer) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Like Tsuga canadensis, it must not be confused with Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock, a highly toxic herbaceous plant). The conifer genus Tsuga poses no known toxic risk to dogs or cats. |
| Western Ironweed | Vernonia baldwinii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Vernonia species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Ironweed contains sesquiterpene lactones; while not considered acutely dangerous to cats and dogs, the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing warrants a mildly-toxic classification as a precaution. |
| Western Larch | Larix occidentalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Larix occidentalis is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by ASPCA. The Larix genus has no documented toxic principles. Safe around pets. |
| Aleutian maidenhair | Adiantum aleuticum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-lists maidenhair fern (Adiantum) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle. Pet-safe; as with any foliage, eating large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Western Red Cedar | Thuja plicata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thuja plicata is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses on the ASPCA toxic plant lists. Arborvitae species are generally not considered significantly toxic to pets. The foliage contains thujone, which could theoretically cause mild GI upset if consumed in very large quantities, but ASPCA does not classify this species as toxic. Considered pet-safe; consult a vet if a pet ingests large amounts. |
| Western Skunk Cabbage | Lysichiton americanus | flowering | Toxic | Lysichiton americanus is a member of the Araceae family. Like most aroids, it contains calcium oxalate crystals which cause intense oral and gastrointestinal irritation if ingested by pets or humans. The ASPCA lists the broader Araceae aroid family as toxic to cats and dogs due to calcium oxalate content. All parts should be regarded as toxic; contact with sap may also irritate skin and eyes. |
| Western sundew | Drosera occidentalis | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera species are not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; they contain plumbagin which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by cats or dogs. Classify as mildly-toxic until an authoritative non-toxic listing is confirmed. |
| Western Sunflower | Helianthus occidentalis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus species are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been reported in Helianthus occidentalis. The species is safe to grow in gardens accessible to domestic animals. |
| Sword fern | Polystichum munitum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses under the name Western sword (Polystichum munitum), confirmed directly on the ASPCA plant database. No toxic principle; eating foliage may still cause mild, temporary digestive upset. |
| Western White Trillium | Trillium ovatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium ovatum is not individually listed by the ASPCA as either toxic or non-toxic. Like other Trillium species, roots and berries are the most likely source of irritating compounds; the specific toxic principle is not well characterised. Keep pets and children from ingesting any part. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| Western Wild Ginger | Asarum caudatum | herb | Mildly toxic | Asarum species contain aristolochic acids and volatile compounds including methyl eugenol. These constituents are potentially toxic if consumed in significant quantities by pets or humans. ASPCA does not individually list Asarum caudatum; however, given the presence of aristolochic acid-related compounds in the broader Aristolochiaceae family, ingestion is inadvisable. Not culinary-safe despite the ginger fragrance — do not substitute for true ginger (Zingiber officinale). |
| Sansevieria masoniana | Dracaena masoniana | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the snake plant (Sansevieria, now Dracaena) as toxic to both cats and dogs. The toxic principle is saponins, and ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. |
| Wheat cockscomb | Celosia spicata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA (Celosia spicata, family Amaranthaceae). No toxic principles identified. |
| Wheel Cactus | Opuntia robusta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Opuntia robusta is not specifically listed by ASPCA. As with all Opuntia, the primary hazard is physical injury from glochids (minute barbed spines) and larger spines, which embed in skin and mucous membranes. Ingestion of pads may cause oral and gastrointestinal irritation in pets. The fruits are edible for humans once glochids are removed. |
| Wheeler's peperomia | Peperomia wheeleri | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs; no toxic principle has been identified in the genus. Large amounts of ingested foliage may cause mild, transient stomach upset from bulk plant fibre, but the plant contains no recognised toxin. |
| Wherry's foamflower | Tiarella wherryi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tiarella is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, and it does not appear in the Cornell poisonous-plants list. It is widely reported as non-toxic to pets, but because there is no authoritative ASPCA confirmation, treat it cautiously rather than asserting it is pet-safe; ingestion may cause mild stomach upset, so verify with a vet if eaten. |
| Wherry's Foamflower | Tiarella wherryi | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tiarella wherryi is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No significant toxic compounds are documented for the genus, but without an explicit ASPCA non-toxic confirmation, a precautionary mildly-toxic classification is applied. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats or dogs. |
| Whinham's Industry gooseberry | Ribes uva-crispa 'Whinham's Industry' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ribes uva-crispa is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and the ripe berries are edible. No toxic principle is associated with gooseberry leaves or fruit. Offer fruit to pets only in moderation, since large amounts of any fruit can cause mild digestive upset. |
| Whip Brassavola | Brassavola flagellaris | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Brassavola flagellaris is in the family Orchidaceae, which has no known toxic principle. The ASPCA considers orchids non-toxic to dogs and cats. Brassavola is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus. |
| White Air Plant | Tillandsia albida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Tillandsia and the Bromeliaceae family as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Tillandsia albida is considered non-toxic; however, ingestion of sharp or rigid leaves may cause mechanical irritation or mild GI upset. |
| White Flamingo Flower | Anthurium andraeanum 'White Champion' | flowering | Toxic | Anthurium is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. As an aroid it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral irritation and pain, drooling, difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| White Arrow Arum | Peltandra sagittifolia | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, consistent with the Araceae family. ASPCA lists the Arum/Peltandra family as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion causes intense oral burning, drooling, swelling of the mouth and throat, and vomiting. Keep away from pets and children. |
| White Ash | Fraxinus americana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Fraxinus americana is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. The toxic principles in ash are not fully characterised but ingestion of bark, leaves, or seeds can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Keep pets from chewing bark or consuming fallen seeds (samaras). Toxicity is generally mild at typical exposure levels, but veterinary advice should be sought if significant ingestion occurs. |
| White Baneberry | Actaea pachypoda | flowering | Toxic | Highly toxic to humans, dogs, and cats. All parts — particularly the berries and roots — contain cardiogenic toxins and can cause severe gastroenteritis, cardiac arrest, and respiratory failure. Even small quantities of berries can be lethal to children. The ASPCA lists Actaea (baneberry) as toxic to dogs and cats. Do not plant where children or pets have unsupervised access. |
| White Beardtongue | Penstemon albidus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Penstemon albidus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for the genus Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) in veterinary toxicology. Considered safe for pets and children in the garden. |
| White Bergamot | Monarda clinopodia | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Monarda clinopodia is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. The aromatic foliage is safe and the plant has traditional human medicinal uses as an herbal tea. |
| giant bird of paradise | Strelitzia nicolai | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Strelitzia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses due to hydrocyanic acid in the flowers and seeds. Symptoms include nausea, diarrhoea, and drowsiness. |
| White Bleeding Heart | Dicentra spectabilis 'Alba' | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain isoquinoline alkaloids (including protopine and cularine) that are toxic to dogs, cats, and humans. Ingestion causes trembling, vomiting, diarrhoea, convulsions, and laboured breathing. Contact with sap can cause mild skin and ocular irritation. Keep away from pets and children. Contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if ingestion is suspected. |
| White brodiaea | Triteleia hyacinthina | flowering | Mildly toxic | Triteleia hyacinthina is not individually listed by ASPCA. The related genus Dichelostemma (Brodiaea pulchella) is listed as non-toxic, but Triteleia has not been independently confirmed safe. As a member of Asparagaceae with onion-like corms, caution with pets is warranted; classify as mildly-toxic pending confirmed ASPCA listing. |
| White Campion | Silene latifolia | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not listed by the ASPCA. Contains saponins common to the Caryophyllaceae family; large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal distress in dogs or cats. Treat with caution and prevent pets from eating the plant. |
| White Clover | Trifolium repens | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trifolium repens (White Clover) is confirmed non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Note that the related Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to horses. Large quantities of any clover may cause mild digestive upset. White Clover itself is safe and widely used in pet-friendly lawn mixes. |
| White Comfrey | Symphytum orientale | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like all Symphytum species, Symphytum orientale contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), compounds known to be hepatotoxic with repeated ingestion. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but given the genus-wide PA content, ingestion by pets or children should be avoided. Bristly leaf hairs may cause mild contact dermatitis. Not recommended for medicinal use or consumption. |
| White Dancing Ginger | Globba leucantha | tropical | Mildly toxic | Globba leucantha is not listed individually on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. No toxic principles have been documented for this species. A mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied in the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing; contact a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| White Dead Nettle | Lamium album | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lamium album (white dead nettle) is not toxic to humans, dogs, or cats. It does not sting like true nettles (Urtica) and has no known harmful alkaloids, glycosides, or irritants. Widely used as a culinary and medicinal herb in Europe. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus has no reported toxic principles. |
| White Dendrobium | Dendrobium formosum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Dendrobium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for D. formosum. |
| White dipladenia | Mandevilla boliviensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Mandevilla (sold as Dipladenia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Its milky sap can still cause mild mouth or stomach irritation if chewed, so keep it out of reach and contact your vet if a pet eats a large amount. |
| white double camellia | Camellia japonica 'Alba Plena' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Camellia japonica is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. However, the genus contains trace caffeine-like alkaloids; ingestion of significant quantities of foliage or seeds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Exercise caution and prevent pets from regularly chewing plant material. |
| White Enkianthus | Enkianthus perulatus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Enkianthus perulatus is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and no specific toxic compound has been confirmed for the genus. As a member of Ericaceae — a family that contains toxic genera including Rhododendron and Pieris — and with insufficient data to confirm safety, classify as mildly toxic as a precautionary measure. Prevent pets from consuming foliage or flowers. |
| White Fir | Abies concolor | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Abies concolor is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. As with other firs, needle ingestion may cause mild mechanical irritation to the gastrointestinal tract but the plant contains no known toxic compounds that pose a health risk to dogs or cats. |
| White Floss Silk Tree | Ceiba insignis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ceiba insignis (Malvaceae, synonym Chorisia insignis) is not individually listed by ASPCA. No significant toxic principles are documented, though as with many ornamental trees, ingestion of foliage or seeds may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. The silky seed floss is a physical irritant. Treat as mildly toxic and keep pets away from fallen seed pods. |
| White Frangipani | Plumeria alba | tropical | Toxic | Plumeria alba, like all Plumeria, produces toxic milky latex sap in its stems, leaves, and bark. All parts are toxic to dogs and cats (ASPCA: Plumeria listed as toxic). Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. Sap causes dermatitis and eye irritation in humans. Wear gloves when pruning and keep away from pets and children. |
| White Freesia | Freesia alba | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Freesia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of large amounts may occasionally cause mild gastrointestinal upset but poses no serious toxic risk. Freesia alba is not individually cited by ASPCA, but the genus Freesia is consistently noted as non-toxic in ASPCA guidance on bouquet flowers. |
| White Gardenia | Gardenia thunbergia | tropical | Mildly toxic | The ASPCA lists Gardenia (as Gardenia jasminoides / Cape Jasmine) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with toxic principles genioposide and gardenoside causing mild vomiting, diarrhoea, and hives. G. thunbergia belongs to the same genus and contains the same iridoid glycosides; treat it as equivalently toxic. Keep away from pets and livestock. |
| White Ginger Lily | Hedychium coronarium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hedychium coronarium is not included in the ASPCA Toxic Plant Database as a confirmed toxic species, but it is not listed as non-toxic either. The Zingiberaceae family may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation in cats and dogs, and the rhizomes contain irritant compounds. Because pet-safe status cannot be confirmed from authoritative sources, a 'mildly-toxic' classification is the appropriate precautionary position. If a pet ingests any part of the plant, contact a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) promptly. |
| White Grand Lotus | Nelumbo nucifera 'Alba Grandiflora' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nelumbo nucifera is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The seeds, leaves, and rhizomes are widely used as food and in traditional medicine in Asia. However, the alkaloids nuciferine and roemerine present in various plant parts may cause mild gastrointestinal effects in pets if ingested in quantity. Classified mildly-toxic out of caution; consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| White Horehound | Marrubium vulgare | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Marrubium vulgare is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by ASPCA and is generally considered non-toxic to pets. However, the plant's bitter marrubiin content may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) if consumed in large quantities. It is safe to grow in pet-accessible gardens. |
| White Hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis 'Albus' | herb | Mildly toxic | Hyssopus officinalis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database for cats or dogs. However, the essential oils in hyssop — particularly pinocamphone — are known to have potential neurotoxic effects in high doses, and the herb is contraindicated in large quantities, especially for cats. Treat with caution around pets and prevent deliberate ingestion. |
| White Ixora | Ixora finlaysoniana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Ixora species are not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic, but the genus belongs to the Rubiaceae family and contains iridoid glycosides and tannins. Ingestion in quantity may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets and children. Exercise caution and keep out of reach; not considered severely toxic. |
| White Juttadinteria | Juttadinteria albata | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Juttadinteria albata is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic or non-toxic. The genus belongs to Aizoaceae and no toxic compounds are documented in available literature. World of Succulents notes it as safe, but ASPCA has not formally listed it. A cautious rating is applied pending official confirmation. |
| White Knight | Philodendron erubescens 'White Knight' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. As a Philodendron erubescens cultivar it contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that cause oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| White Konjac | Amorphophallus albus | edible | Toxic | All Amorphophallus species contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides throughout their tissues. Raw corms cause severe oral irritation, burning, and swelling in people, dogs, and cats. The corm is rendered edible only after thorough cooking or drying, which breaks down the oxalate crystals. Keep raw plant material away from pets and children. |
| White laceflower | Orlaya grandiflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Orlaya grandiflora is not listed by ASPCA and no toxic principles have been identified for the genus or the Apiaceae family at this scale. It is not individually classified as toxic by major veterinary poison control sources. As with all Apiaceae, verify with a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| White Laelia | Laelia albida | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Laelia orchids are not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family Orchidaceae has no identified toxic principle and orchids broadly are considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by ASPCA guidelines. |
| White Magic Flower | Achimenes candida | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Achimenes belongs to the Gesneriaceae family, which is broadly considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. A. candida is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds have been reported for the genus. Mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if large amounts are ingested — consult a vet if concerned. |
| White Magic Grape Hyacinth | Muscari aucheri | flowering | Mildly toxic | Muscari aucheri contains steroidal saponins as with other grape hyacinths. ASPCA lists the Muscari genus as toxic to dogs and cats, with bulbs containing the highest concentration. Symptoms of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, and gastrointestinal irritation. |
| White Marsh Marigold | Caltha palustris var. alba | flowering | Mildly toxic | All parts of Caltha palustris var. alba contain protoanemonin when bruised, an irritant that causes mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting, and diarrhoea in pets and humans if ingested in quantity. The Dogs Trust includes Caltha palustris on its list of harmful plants. Wear gloves when handling. Not listed individually by the ASPCA but the genus is considered mildly irritant. |
| White Marsh Marigold | Caltha leptosepala | flowering | Mildly toxic | Caltha leptosepala, like other members of the Ranunculaceae family, contains protoanemonin when bruised or chewed — an irritant causing mouth soreness, excessive salivation, vomiting, and diarrhoea in pets and livestock. Not individually listed by the ASPCA but the genus/family irritant principle is well documented. Keep pets from grazing on it; consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| White mountain heather | Cassiope mertensiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cassiope mertensiana is not listed individually by ASPCA. No toxic principles have been documented for the Cassiope genus. The broader family Ericaceae contains toxic members (Rhododendron, Kalmia), but Cassiope lacks their reported toxins. If a pet ingests this plant, consult a veterinarian as a precaution. |
| White Mugwort | Artemisia lactiflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Artemisia lactiflora is not individually listed by the ASPCA. However, the Artemisia genus contains volatile oils and thujone compounds — ASPCA classifies tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, causing vomiting and diarrhea. Out of caution, treat the whole genus as mildly toxic. Skin contact may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| white mulberry | Morus alba | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists the Mulberry Tree (Morus sp.) as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with no toxic principle identified. Note that unripe (green) berries and the milky sap can cause mild stomach upset, so offer only fully ripe fruit; ripe berries in moderation are safe. |
| White Mussaenda | Mussaenda frondosa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mussaenda frondosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a member of Rubiaceae it contains iridoid glycosides, which may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Keep away from pets and children as a precaution; no severe toxicity cases are documented in the literature. |
| White Nancy Dead Nettle | Lamium maculatum 'White Nancy' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lamium maculatum is not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. The genus has no known toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or irritants. The plant does not sting (unlike true nettles) and is considered safe in gardens frequented by pets. |
| white oak | Quercus alba | edible | Toxic | Oak (Quercus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic agents are tannins (gallotannic/tannic acid), highest in acorns, buds and emerging leaves. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea that may be bloody, lethargy, abdominal tenderness and loss of appetite; heavy or chronic intake risks kidney and liver injury, and whole acorns can obstruct the gut. Keep acorns and leaf litter away from pets and grazing animals. |
| Sturon onion | Allium cepa 'Sturon' | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Allium species, including the onion (Allium cepa), as toxic to dogs and cats. The organosulfoxides they contain cause oxidative damage to red blood cells and Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia, with cats the most susceptible. Signs include vomiting, weakness, pale gums, lethargy and reddish-brown urine; all forms, raw, cooked or dried, are dangerous. |
| White Passionflower | Passiflora caerulea 'Constance Elliott' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Passiflora caerulea and its cultivars are non-toxic to dogs and cats according to ASPCA guidelines. The genus has no known toxic principle. Note that the fruits are edible but bland — ripe orange fruits are safe; unripe green fruits should not be eaten by people. |
| White Perfection Darley Dale heath | Erica x darleyensis 'White Perfection' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica (heath/heather) is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses. No toxic principles have been identified in the genus. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals. |
| White Periwinkle | Vinca minor 'Alba' | flowering | Toxic | Vinca minor 'Alba', as a cultivar of Vinca minor, contains the same vinca alkaloids as the species and is listed as toxic by the ASPCA to dogs and cats. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, low blood pressure, and neurological signs. All parts are toxic; keep away from pets. |
| white prairie clover | Dalea candida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dalea candida is not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. It is a palatable native forage legume grazed by livestock and wildlife and not reported as poisonous, but as an unlisted plant it must not be called pet-safe—keep pets from eating it in quantity. |
| White Princess | Philodendron erubescens 'White Princess' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. This Philodendron erubescens cultivar contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral irritation, burning lips and mouth, hypersalivation, vomiting and trouble swallowing. Keep it away from pets and small children. |
| White rain lily | Zephyranthes candida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Zephyranthes candida contains documented Amaryllidaceae alkaloids including lycorine, haemanthamin, and tazettine (confirmed in peer-reviewed phytochemical studies). While ASPCA lists Z. drummondii as non-toxic, the specific alkaloid profile of Z. candida differs and veterinary toxicology sources flag the genus as potentially harmful. Classified here as mildly-toxic: potential symptoms of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal discomfort. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Bee Sage | Salvia apiana | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia apiana is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the Salvias the ASPCA does assess — Salvia officinalis (sage) and Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) — are listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, so this aromatic native relative is treated as pet-safe. The leaves are highly resinous and bitter, so pets rarely eat much; keep concentrated essential oils away from cats. |
| White Sage Brush | Artemisia ludoviciana | herb | Mildly toxic | Artemisia ludoviciana is not individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic, but the Artemisia genus contains thujone (a potentially neurotoxic monoterpene ketone) and sesquiterpene lactones that can cause gastrointestinal upset, contact dermatitis, and allergic reactions. In large amounts, thujone-containing plants have caused neurological effects in livestock. Treat as mildly toxic to pets; avoid allowing sustained grazing. Also a known cause of allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive people. |
| White Sails | Spathiphyllum floribundum | houseplant | Toxic | Like all Spathiphyllum species, S. floribundum contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion by cats, dogs, or humans causes oral burning, excessive salivation, swelling of the mouth and throat, and vomiting. ASPCA lists the genus as toxic to dogs and cats. Keep out of reach of pets and children. |
| White Sapote | Casimiroa edulis | tropical | Toxic | The seeds, bark, and leaves of Casimiroa edulis contain sedative alkaloids (casimiroedine, casimiroin) that are toxic to humans, dogs, and cats — seeds are considered fatally toxic if consumed raw by animals or in quantity by people. The ripe fruit flesh is edible but should be kept out of reach of pets. ASPCA does not individually list this species; veterinary consultation is advised if pets ingest any part other than ripe flesh. |
| White Shrimp Plant | Justicia betonica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Justicia betonica is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. While other Justicia species (J. brandegeeana, J. carnea) are considered non-toxic, specific toxicological data for this species is absent; it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| White Skunk Cabbage | Lysichiton camtschatcensis | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphide crystals, the same mechanism as other Araceae. The ASPCA lists skunk cabbage (genus Symplocarpus/Lysichiton) as toxic to dogs and cats, causing oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Handle with gloves; sap is also an eye irritant. |
| White Spruce | Picea glauca | flowering | Mildly toxic | Picea glauca is not listed as toxic by ASPCA and is not known to contain seriously harmful compounds. However, the genus is not individually confirmed as non-toxic either. Ingestion of needles or bark by pets may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation — vomiting or digestive upset — due to resins and physical irritation from sharp needles. Not classified as a significant toxicological risk but ingestion is not recommended. |
| White St Dabeoc's Heath | Daboecia cantabrica 'Alba' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Daboecia cantabrica 'Alba' is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As a member of the Ericaceae family, which includes genera known to contain grayanotoxins (e.g., Rhododendron, Pieris, Kalmia), caution is warranted and the plant is classified here as mildly-toxic pending confirmed ASPCA listing. Keep cats and dogs away from the plant and contact a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Coral Carpet | Sedum album | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Sedum is recognised by the ASPCA as a pet-safe genus; at worst, chewing may cause mild, short-lived stomach upset. |
| White Tabernaemontana | Tabernaemontana alba | tropical | Toxic | As a member of the Apocynaceae family, Tabernaemontana alba produces toxic alkaloids and a milky latex throughout all plant parts. Not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus toxicity is consistent with related species and the broader family pattern. Sap can cause skin and eye irritation. Treat as toxic to cats, dogs, and children — do not ingest any part of the plant. |
| White Tiger Jaws | Faucaria candida | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Faucaria candida is not individually listed by ASPCA. Faucaria belongs to the Aizoaceae family, which has no widely documented toxic compounds, but the species has not been formally assessed for pet safety. Treat with caution and keep out of reach of pets and children as a precaution. |
| White Tiger Nerve Plant | Fittonia albivenis 'White Tiger' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Confirmed non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA (listed as Nerve Plant / Fittonia verschaffeltii; all Fittonia albivenis cultivars including 'White Tiger' carry the same non-toxic classification). No harmful toxic principles are present. A safe choice for households with pets and small children. |
| White Towers toad lily | Tricyrtis hirta 'White Towers' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Tricyrtis is not individually listed by the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, so its status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Toad lilies are NOT true lilies (Lilium) and lack the severe feline kidney-failure risk of Lilium and Hemerocallis — but this cultivar is not confirmed pet-safe, so keep pets from chewing it and seek veterinary advice if eaten. |
| White Trillium | Trillium grandiflorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium grandiflorum is not listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. All parts of the plant — particularly the berries and roots — contain steroidal saponins that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested by pets or humans. Not considered life-threatening, but ingestion by pets should be monitored and a vet consulted if symptoms occur. |
| White Trout Lily | Erythronium albidum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is explicitly cited by ASPCA as a non-dangerous lily (unlike Lilium and Hemerocallis). However, PFAF notes the bulbs can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. No confirmed toxic principle; classified mildly-toxic as a precaution rather than asserting full pet-safe status. |
| Crimson pitcher plant | Sarracenia leucophylla | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the related Darlingtonia californica in the same family Sarraceniaceae is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and trumpet pitchers have no reported toxicity. Pitcher fluid holds only mild digestive enzymes and may cause minor, transient stomach upset if chewed. Low-risk; keep out of reach and consult a vet if a pet ingests pitcher contents. |
| white trumpet sinningia | Sinningia conspicua | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sinningia belongs to the family Gesneriaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for this genus. |
| White Versailles currant | Ribes rubrum 'White Versailles' | edible | Mildly toxic | White currant (Ribes rubrum) is not individually listed in the ASPCA non-toxic or toxic plant database, so its pet status is treated as uncertain; handle with caution and verify with a vet. The grape/raisin and dried 'Zante currant' toxicity warning refers to unrelated grapevine fruit, not true Ribes; pet-safety here is not ASPCA-confirmed. |
| White Water Lily | Nymphaea alba | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nymphaea alba is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The ASPCA's dangerous 'lily' listings refer specifically to Lilium and Hemerocallis, which are botanically unrelated to true waterlilies. However, anecdotal veterinary reports document GI upset — vomiting, drooling, and lethargy — in pets that have chewed waterlily foliage. As ASPCA status is unconfirmed and some irritant compounds (including tannins and alkaloids) have been reported in Nymphaea, treat with caution rather than as confirmed pet-safe. Verify with a vet if ingestion occurs; contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435) for guidance. |
| white wild indigo | Baptisia alba | flowering | Mildly toxic | Baptisia is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The foliage and seeds contain bitter quinolizidine alkaloids, and ingestion may cause salivation, vomiting, and gastrointestinal upset, with incoordination or tremors possible in larger amounts. Prevent pets from chewing the plant or pods. |
| wild quinine | Parthenium integrifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Parthenium integrifolium is not individually listed by the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant database; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Like many Asteraceae, the genus contains sesquiterpene lactones that can cause contact dermatitis and may irritate the mouth or gut if chewed, so handle with gloves and keep pets from grazing it. |
| White Wizard | Philodendron erubescens 'White Wizard' | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Philodendron as toxic to cats and dogs. As a Philodendron erubescens cultivar it carries insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, mouth pawing, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| White wood aster | Eurybia divaricata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Eurybia divaricata (formerly Aster divaricatus) is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the broader Aster/Eurybia genus has no known toxic principles and is widely regarded as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. |
| White Young's Barrenwort | Epimedium x youngianum 'Niveum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium x youngianum 'Niveum' is not individually listed by ASPCA. Epimedium hybrids contain icariin and flavonoid glycosides; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets or humans. Not associated with serious toxicity, but consumption by pets or children should be avoided. |
| White-Bark Magnolia | Magnolia hypoleuca | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Magnolia as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Magnolia hypoleuca (syn. M. obovata) is not individually listed by ASPCA but belongs to the non-toxic Magnolia genus with no reported toxic principle. |
| White-blue Sage | Salvia albocaerulea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Salvia albocaerulea is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. ASPCA classifies common sage (Salvia officinalis) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Because specific ASPCA data for this tropical Mexican species is absent, a mildly-toxic precautionary rating is applied; no toxic principles are documented in the genus for mammals. |
| White-branch wax plant | Hoya leucorampha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| White-budded sundew | Drosera leucoblasta | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Drosera leucoblasta is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Sundews as a genus are widely reported as non-toxic by carnivorous plant authorities, and the sticky mucilage is non-poisonous. However, since an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing cannot be confirmed for this species, a precautionary mildly-toxic rating is applied. Ingestion may cause mild GI irritation in cats or dogs. |
| White-flowered Beardtongue | Penstemon albidus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Penstemon albidus is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database for cats, dogs, or horses. No confirmed toxic principle has been identified for the genus, but the safety status cannot be affirmed; iridoid glycosides present in related Plantaginaceae genera may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity. Contact a vet if a pet ingests significant amounts. |
| White-Flowered Lycaste | Lycaste leucantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Lycaste is not individually listed by ASPCA, but orchids in the Orchidaceae family have no reported toxic principle and no documented cases of harm to cats, dogs, or horses. Considered safe in line with the general non-toxic orchid classification. |
| White-haired Crown Cactus | Rebutia muscula | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Rebutia belongs to the family Cactaceae, which is non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses (confirmed by ASPCA across multiple cactus genera including Mammillaria and Schlumbergera). No toxic compounds are known in Rebutia. Physical injury from spines is possible but no poisoning risk exists. |
| White-leaf peperomia | Peperomia leucophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Peperomia leucophylla is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic and non-toxic plant database, but the ASPCA records every Peperomia it has assessed — including P. obtusifolia, P. argyreia, P. caperata, P. prostrata, and P. griseoargentea — as non-toxic to dogs and cats, with no toxic member in the genus. It is treated as pet-safe on the basis of that clean-genus record; consult your vet if a pet ingests any plant material, as eating any plant can cause mild digestive upset. |
| White-leaved rock rose | Cistus albidus | flowering | Mildly toxic | Cistus albidus is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no specific toxic principles have been documented in horticultural literature. However, because the genus is not formally cleared by ASPCA, it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. The plant produces a resinous sap that may cause mild skin irritation on contact. |
| White-Lip Oncidium | Oncidium leucochilum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Oncidium orchids are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principles have been reported for O. leucochilum. |
| White-Powder Bamboo | Phyllostachys propinqua | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys propinqua is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True bamboos have no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| White-topped pitcher plant | Sarracenia leucophylla | flowering | Mildly toxic | Sarracenia leucophylla is not directly listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. The closely related Darlingtonia californica (also Sarraceniaceae) is ASPCA-listed as Non-Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, and specialist carnivorous plant authorities consistently describe Sarracenia as harmless to pets. The 'mildly-toxic' classification is applied here as a precautionary measure in the absence of a species-specific ASPCA entry; no toxic principles are known. |
| Whitelock's Ceratozamia | Ceratozamia whitelockiana | tropical | Toxic | All Ceratozamia species are cycads (family Zamiaceae) containing cycasin glycosides and related neurotoxins. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or horses causes vomiting, liver failure, haemorrhage, and can be fatal. The ASPCA lists cycads as toxic to pets. Seeds and cones are most concentrated but all plant parts are hazardous. Seek immediate emergency veterinary attention following any ingestion. |
| Whitley's Speedwell | Veronica whitleyi | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Veronica species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The genus has no documented toxic principle for dogs or cats; generally considered non-toxic. |
| Whorled Heath | Erica manipuliflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erica manipuliflora is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic or confirmed non-toxic. As explicit ASPCA confirmation of non-toxicity is absent, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a vet if pets ingest material. |
| whorled milkweed | Asclepias verticillata | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The ASPCA lists milkweed (Asclepias) as toxic; some species contain cardiotoxins (steroidal glycosidic cardenolides) and others neurotoxins. Whorled milkweed in particular is noted for higher toxicity to livestock. Signs include vomiting, depression, weakness, diarrhoea, and in severe cases seizures, breathing difficulty and death. |
| Whorled rosinweed | Silphium trifoliatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Silphium trifoliatum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database as harmful to cats or dogs; no toxic principles have been identified for this species. |
| Whorled Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum verticillatum | flowering | Mildly toxic | All parts cause severe gastrointestinal discomfort if eaten — the RHS explicitly notes this species as harmful if ingested and toxic to dogs. Berries are the most hazardous part, containing saponins and cardiac glycosides. Symptoms in pets include vomiting, diarrhoea, and lethargy. Wear gloves when handling. Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but veterinary sources class the Polygonatum genus as mildly toxic. |
| Whorled Water Milfoil | Myriophyllum verticillatum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Myriophyllum verticillatum is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are documented for this species in veterinary or horticultural literature; considered safe for ponds with fish and wildlife. |
| Wickwar Flame heather | Calluna vulgaris 'Wickwar Flame' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Calluna vulgaris is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Heathers have no known toxic principle and are generally considered safe around pets and children, though ingestion of any plant material in large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Wide Brim hosta | Hosta 'Wide Brim' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Hosta (Plantain Lily) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. The toxic principle is saponins; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Site away from pets and consult a vet if a pet ingests any part. |
| Wide Eye Plant | Ophthalmophyllum latum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Ophthalmophyllum latum is in the family Aizoaceae. The genus is not individually listed by ASPCA, but Aizoaceae mesembs have no known toxic compounds reported for pets or people. Risk of toxicity is considered negligible; minor gastrointestinal upset is possible if ingested. |
| wide-bract heliconia | Heliconia platystachys | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia platystachys is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs. The genus Heliconia (family Heliconiaceae) is not in any established toxic plant group. However, because explicit per-species ASPCA clearance is absent for this species, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Wide-leaf Ceratozamia | Ceratozamia euryphyllidia | tropical | Toxic | All Ceratozamia species contain cycasin and macrozamin — potent hepatotoxins. Ingestion of any plant part, particularly seeds, can cause severe liver damage, neurological symptoms, and death in dogs, cats, and humans. Considered severely toxic; immediate veterinary attention required. |
| Wide-leaved Grape Hyacinth | Muscari latifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Like all Muscari species, M. latifolium contains steroidal saponins that cause gastrointestinal irritation in dogs and cats. ASPCA lists the Muscari genus as toxic. Bulbs are the most concentrated source. Keep pets and children from eating any part of the plant. |
| Wide-leaved sea lavender | Limonium latifolium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Limonium (Limonium sp.) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Mild stomach upset is possible if large quantities are eaten. |
| Wild Angelica | Angelica sylvestris | herb | Mildly toxic | Angelica sylvestris is not listed by ASPCA as toxic to pets. However, all parts of the plant contain furanocoumarins (psoralens) that cause phototoxic skin reactions in humans and animals — sap on skin exposed to sunlight causes burns and blistering. Ingestion of large quantities may cause GI upset. The plant looks dangerously similar to Conium maculatum (hemlock) and Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed), both severely toxic. Treat as mildly toxic and wear gloves when handling. |
| Wild Basil | Clinopodium vulgare | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Clinopodium vulgare is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; it belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae) and poses no known toxic risk. |
| wild bergamot | Monarda fistulosa | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database. The genus is widely reported as low-risk and is sometimes used as an aromatic herb, but without an explicit ASPCA non-toxic listing it cannot be asserted pet-safe; large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Treat with caution and verify with a vet before any deliberate pet use. |
| Wild Blue Phlox | Phlox divaricata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlox divaricata is not individually highlighted by ASPCA as highly toxic, but Phlox species are generally considered to cause mild gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats if ingested. Not severely toxic, but ingestion by pets should be discouraged. Sap may cause mild contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. |
| wild cardamom | Renealmia alpinia | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database; the Useful Tropical Plants database records 'none known' for toxicity, and the fruits are eaten by humans. However, as specific peer-reviewed pet-safety data is absent, classify as mildly-toxic as a precaution — contact your vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Wild Cherry Bonsai | Prunus avium | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA classifies cherry (Prunus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves and seeds release cyanide, especially in wilting foliage; the fleshy fruit pulp is the only relatively low-risk part but pits are dangerous. Signs include brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty and shock. Keep prunings and pits away from pets. |
| European Crabapple Bonsai | Malus sylvestris | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus spp.) as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the toxic principle is cyanogenic glycosides in the stems, leaves, and seeds, especially while wilting, with signs including brick-red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting, and shock. Keep prunings and fallen fruit away from pets. |
| Wild Custard Apple | Annona senegalensis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Annona senegalensis contains annonaceous acetogenins in its seeds and bark, as found throughout the genus. Ripe fruit is consumed traditionally across Africa, but the seeds are toxic and should not be ingested by people or animals. Not individually listed by ASPCA; given the known neurotoxic potential of Annona acetogenins for dogs, keep seeds and plant parts away from pets. |
| Wild Edric | Rosa 'Wild Edric' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Rosa (true roses) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Note the thorns can cause physical injury or mouth irritation if chewed, and this differs from unrelated plants called 'rose' (e.g. desert rose, rose of Sharon) which are toxic. |
| Wild Garlic Vine | Mansoa alliacea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mansoa alliacea is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus belongs to Bignoniaceae, which is generally considered low in toxicity. The garlic-like compounds in the foliage are broadly non-harmful to humans but the plant has not been formally assessed for pet toxicity. Treat as mildly toxic as a precaution; keep away from pets and children. |
| Wild Gazania | Gazania krebsiana | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gazania is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database and multiple sources (including the UC Davis Poison Control database) indicate it poses no known toxicity. However, since no confirmed ASPCA species-level safety listing exists for G. krebsiana, mildly-toxic is used as a precautionary classification. Consult a vet if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Wild ginger | Asarum canadense | herb | Mildly toxic | Asarum canadense contains aristolochic acid, a compound with documented nephrotoxic and potentially carcinogenic effects in animals and humans. The FDA included it on a list of aristolochic acid-containing herbs. While not individually listed on the ASPCA database, ingestion by pets can cause gastrointestinal upset including vomiting and diarrhoea. Direct skin contact may also cause dermatitis. Seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Wild jasmine | Jasminum angulare | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | True jasmines (genus Jasminum, family Oleaceae) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. No toxic principles are identified for this genus. Jasminum angulare is not individually listed, but as a true Jasminum it falls within the ASPCA non-toxic category. |
| wild lupine | Lupinus perennis | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats and livestock. Lupinus species contain quinolizidine alkaloids (such as anagyrine and lupinine), concentrated in the seeds and young foliage. Ingestion can cause vomiting, drooling, loss of coordination, tremors, breathing difficulty, weakness and seizures. The genus is widely flagged as poisonous to pets; keep animals away and consult a vet if eaten. |
| Wild maracuja | Passiflora foetida | flowering | Mildly toxic | Unripe fruit and foliage of Passiflora foetida contain cyanogenic glycosides (including passibiflorin) and may cause nausea and vomiting in humans and gastrointestinal upset in pets. Fully ripe red fruit is consumed locally in tropical regions. ASPCA does not individually list this species; treat as mildly toxic for pets and caution children against eating unripe fruit. |
| Wild nemesia | Nemesia fruticans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nemesia fruticans is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. The Scrophulariaceae / Plantaginaceae family has no documented toxic compounds for pets. Considered pet-safe in normal garden conditions, though ingestion of plant material in large quantities may cause transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Wild pansy | Viola tricolor | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Viola species including pansies (Viola × wittrockiana) are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Viola tricolor is not individually listed but belongs to the same non-toxic genus with no reported toxic principles for pets. Both flowers and young leaves are edible and used as garnishes for humans. |
| Wild Pineapple | Bromelia pinguin | tropical | Mildly toxic | Bromelia pinguin is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Some Bromelia species contain calcium oxalate crystals and saponin-like compounds that may cause oral irritation and mild gastrointestinal upset if plant material is ingested by cats or dogs. The very sharp, recurved leaf spines are a significant physical hazard. Treat with caution around pets and children. |
| Wild Plantain | Heliconia caribaea | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia caribaea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Like other Heliconia species, the sap contains secondary metabolites — including phenolic compounds and saponins — that may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) and oral or dermal irritation in cats and dogs; classified as mildly toxic as a precaution. |
| Wild quinine | Parthenium integrifolium | flowering | Mildly toxic | Parthenium integrifolium is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Related Parthenium species contain sesquiterpene lactones (parthenolide) that can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals and are potentially irritating if ingested by pets; classified as mildly-toxic out of caution. |
| Wild Radish | Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus belongs to the same species complex as the cultivated garden radish, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are reported for this subspecies. |
| Dog Rose | Rosa canina | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Rosa species); the hips are likewise edible to humans and wildlife. No toxic principles identified, but the curved thorns can cause mechanical injury. |
| Wild Senna | Senna hebecarpa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Leaves and seeds contain anthraquinone glycosides (sennosides), which act as potent stimulant laxatives. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and dehydration in cats and dogs; large quantities may lead to electrolyte imbalance. Not formally listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database but veterinary and toxicology sources consistently flag the genus Senna as a GI irritant and laxative hazard for pets. |
| wild service tree | Sorbus torminalis | edible | Mildly toxic | Sorbus torminalis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic database, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. In line with other Sorbus, raw fruit contains parasorbic acid (a GI irritant until bletted) and the seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, so foliage and unbletted fruit are best kept away from pets. |
| Wild Star Apple | Pouteria obovata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pouteria obovata is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Pouteria (Sapotaceae) contains saponins in bark and unripe fruit; ripe berries are consumed by wildlife and people without reported serious toxicity. Exercise caution — keep pets and children away from unripe fruit and bark until more species-specific data is available. |
| Wild strawberry | Fragaria virginiana | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fragaria virginiana is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the genus Fragaria is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic principles are known; the fruit is eaten safely by wildlife and humans. |
| wild strawberry | Fragaria vesca | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (the ASPCA lists Wild Strawberry, Fragaria, as non-toxic). Fruit and foliage are safe, with large amounts of leaf occasionally causing mild stomach upset. Keep slug controls and garden chemicals away from pets. |
| Wild Teasel | Dipsacus fullonum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Dipsacus fullonum is not recorded on the ASPCA toxic plant list for cats or dogs, and no significant toxic principles have been identified. However, the stiff, sharp spines on stems and leaves can cause skin puncture wounds and irritation on handling, so protective gloves are advisable. Classified here as mildly-toxic out of caution pending a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing. |
| Wild Thyme | Thymus polytrichus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thymus vulgaris and related Thymus species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Thymus polytrichus belongs to the same genus and the same non-toxicity classification applies; small amounts are considered safe for pets, though large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Wildeve | Rosa 'Wildeve' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Rosa (true roses) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The thorns can still cause physical or mouth injury if chewed, and this should not be confused with unrelated 'rose' plants such as desert rose or Christmas rose, which are toxic. |
| Wildfire Black Tupelo | Nyssa sylvatica 'Wildfire' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Nyssa sylvatica is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic to pets. However, the fruits contain compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in quantity by dogs or cats. The dark-blue berries are eaten by birds but are not considered edible for humans or pets. Treat with caution and keep pets from eating berries. |
| Wildwood Twist Painted Fern | Athyrium niponicum 'Wildwood Twist' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium niponicum and its cultivars are true ferns with no reported toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. The genus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Athyrium belongs to the Athyriaceae family with no known pet toxicity. Generally regarded as safe in pet-accessible gardens. |
| William Buchanan heath | Daboecia cantabrica 'William Buchanan' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Daboecia 'William Buchanan' is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been identified in the Daboecia genus. Unlikely to cause more than mild gastrointestinal upset if foliage is ingested in quantity. |
| William Shakespeare 2000 | Rosa 'William Shakespeare 2000' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The genus Rosa (true roses) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The thorns can still cause physical injury or mouth irritation if chewed. Do not confuse with unrelated toxic plants named 'rose', such as desert rose or Christmas rose. |
| Williams pear | Pyrus communis 'Williams' Bon Chrétien' | edible | Toxic | Pyrus (pear) is grounded by the ASPCA stance on rose-family fruit trees: the seeds, leaves and stems contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide when chewed in quantity. The ripe flesh is harmless, but ingestion of seeds, wilting leaves or prunings can cause drooling, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty and, in severe cases, shock in cats, dogs and horses. Keep pets from chewing prunings and seeds. |
| Williams rhododendron | Rhododendron williamsianum | flowering | Toxic | Contains grayanotoxins (andromedotoxins) throughout all plant parts, consistent with the genus Rhododendron, which ASPCA lists as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion can result in vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive drooling, weakness, and cardiac disturbances. |
| Willow Gentian | Gentiana asclepiadea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana asclepiadea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a Gentianaceae member, it contains iridoid glycosides that may cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting) in dogs or cats if ingested. No severe toxicity is documented for this species, but treat as mildly toxic as a standard precaution for plants not cleared by ASPCA. |
| Willow Oak | Quercus phellos | flowering | Mildly toxic | As a Quercus species, Willow Oak leaves and especially acorns contain tannins and gallic acid that are toxic to horses, cattle, dogs, and cats when ingested in significant quantities. ASPCA lists Quercus (oak) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and in serious cases kidney damage. The small, abundant acorns of this species pose a particular ingestion risk for dogs. |
| Willow-leaf Fig Bonsai | Ficus salicaria | houseplant | Toxic | Ficus species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs (e.g., Ficus benjamina, Weeping Fig). The milky sap contains the proteolytic enzyme ficin and irritant compounds; ingestion can cause oral and GI irritation, drooling, and vomiting, and skin contact with the latex may irritate. Keep cuttings and dropped leaves away from pets. |
| Wilmot's Dinteranthus | Dinteranthus wilmotianus | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA explicitly lists Dinteranthus as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No harmful compounds are documented in the genus. The mimicry pebble-like appearance does not pose any physical hazard either. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort is possible if large quantities are consumed, as with any plant material. |
| Wilson Spruce | Picea wilsonii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Picea (spruce) species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Spruce needles and sap are generally considered non-toxic to dogs and cats, though ingestion of large quantities of needles may cause mild gastrointestinal upset mechanically rather than toxicologically. |
| Wilson's Filmy Fern | Hymenophyllum wilsonii | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Hymenophyllum wilsonii is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. No toxic principles are documented for the genus, but the absence of an ASPCA safety listing means the plant cannot be confirmed as pet-safe. Classify as mildly-toxic and keep out of reach of cats and dogs as a precaution. |
| Blue Rug Juniper | Juniperus horizontalis 'Wiltonii' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Juniperus is not individually listed by the ASPCA, so a pet-safe label cannot be asserted; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Foliage and the bluish berries hold mildly irritant volatile oils that may trigger vomiting or diarrhoea if chewed. Low overall risk but not confirmed non-toxic. |
| Window Plant | Fenestaria rhopalophylla | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fenestaria rhopalophylla is in the family Aizoaceae. The genus Fenestaria is listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats (under Baby Toes). No toxic compounds are known for this species. Safe for pet-accessible homes, though ingesting any plant material may cause minor stomach upset. |
| Windowed Air Plant | Vriesea fenestralis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Vriesea (Bromeliaceae) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; the genus contains no known toxic principles and is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Wine cups babiana | Babiana rubrocyanea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Babiana is in the Iridaceae family; the closely related Iris genus is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats and dogs. Babiana itself is not individually reviewed by the ASPCA. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic — potential gastrointestinal irritation if corms or foliage are chewed. Consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Jaggery Palm | Caryota urens | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Like all Caryota, it contains insoluble calcium oxalate raphides; chewing causes severe oral irritation, drooling, mouth pawing, vomiting and trouble swallowing, with the fruits being intensely irritant to skin and mouth. Not individually ASPCA-listed, but the genus is a recognised oxalate producer, so treat as toxic to pets. |
| Wine Palm | Caryota urens | tropical | Toxic | The fresh fruit mesocarp and sap of Caryota urens contain dense concentrations of calcium oxalate raphide crystals. Contact or ingestion causes immediate intense burning and irritation of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract in dogs and cats, with symptoms including drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. ASPCA classifies Caryota species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Handlers should wear gloves; fruit juice contact with skin causes a severe contact dermatitis. |
| Winged Kacip Fatimah | Labisia pumila var. alata | tropical | Mildly toxic | Labisia pumila var. alata is not individually listed by ASPCA. As a variety of Labisia pumila (Primulaceae), it contains saponins and bioactive phytochemicals used medicinally. Given the medicinal potency of the species complex, treat with caution around pets and children. No specific toxicology data for pets is available; keep out of reach as a precaution. |
| Winged peperomia | Peperomia alata | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists several Peperomia species (including P. obtusifolia, P. caperata, and P. argyreia) as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no toxic principle identified and no toxic member of the genus on record. Peperomia alata is considered pet-safe on this consistent genus-wide basis. A pet that eats a large quantity of any houseplant may experience mild, transient stomach upset; if concerned, consult your vet. |
| Winter aconite | Eranthis hyemalis | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Eranthis hyemalis are toxic to cats, dogs, and other animals. The plant contains cardiac glycosides (eranthin A and eranthin B, bufadienolide group) as well as protoanemonin, a skin and mucous-membrane irritant common in Ranunculaceae. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bradycardia, dyspnoea, and in severe cases cardiac arrest. A documented case records fatal pulmonary oedema in a dog. The bitter taste deters most casual nibbling but veterinary advice should be sought immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| Winter Gem Boxwood | Buxus microphylla 'Winter Gem' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Buxus (boxwood) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are steroidal alkaloids such as buxine; ingestion causes vomiting and diarrhea, with ataxia and seizures possible at higher doses. The bitter foliage usually deters animals, but keep clippings away from pets and discourage chewing. |
| Winter Glow Bergenia | Bergenia 'Winterglut' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Bergenia 'Winterglut' (Saxifragaceae) is not listed as toxic to cats, dogs, or horses by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Bergenia. Deer and rabbit avoidance of the plant is due to its tough, leathery texture, not chemical toxicity. |
| Winter Gold Pine | Pinus mugo 'Winter Gold' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Pinus mugo is not individually listed by the ASPCA; the closest entry, Ponderosa Pine, is listed as toxic to horses only (isocupressic acid) and is not classed as toxic to dogs or cats. Because mugo pine is not affirmatively listed as non-toxic, treat with caution: needles and resinous sap can cause gastrointestinal upset, and stiff needles pose a mechanical hazard. Verify with a vet if a pet ingests it. |
| Winter Heath | Erica carnea | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Erica carnea (winter heath) is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA and is widely regarded as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Ingestion of large quantities of plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in some animals, as with many non-toxic plants, but no toxic compounds have been identified in the genus. |
| Winter Heath | Erica carnea f. alba 'Springwood White' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erica carnea is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database; the genus is not a known toxic group. However, as the ASPCA database does not explicitly confirm it as non-toxic and ingestion of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Winter Iris | Iris unguicularis | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists all Iris species as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Toxic compounds are pentacyclic terpenoids (zeorin, missourin, missouriensin), highest in concentration in the rhizomes. Symptoms include salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, and diarrhea. The NC Extension confirms the same toxicity profile for I. unguicularis specifically. |
| Winter Marjoram | Origanum heracleoticum | herb | Mildly toxic | Oregano (Origanum vulgare hirtum) is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, with gastrointestinal irritants causing vomiting and diarrhoea. Origanum heracleoticum (winter/Greek oregano) is closely related and contains the same phenolic compounds (thymol, carvacrol). Classified mildly-toxic consistent with the broader Origanum genus ASPCA listing. |
| Winter Melon | Benincasa hispida | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Benincasa hispida is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. The fruit and seeds are widely consumed by humans and the plant has no known toxic principles for dogs or cats. As with all cucurbits, bitterness may indicate cucurbitacins; discard any unusually bitter specimens. |
| Winter Nelis pear | Pyrus communis 'Winter Nelis' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Pyrus species are not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Fruit flesh and foliage are safe. The seeds contain trace amygdalin common to the Rosaceae family and should not be given to pets in large quantities. |
| mountain savory | Satureja montana | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Satureja montana is not listed by the ASPCA. Safe in moderation. |
| Irish Lace Marigold | Tagetes filifolia | herb | Mildly toxic | Treated as mildly toxic. The ASPCA lists Calendula (pot marigold) as non-toxic, but true marigolds in the genus Tagetes are reported to cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if eaten, and the sap can irritate skin. Tagetes filifolia is not individually listed; keep pets from grazing it and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Winterberry | Ilex verticillata 'Winter Red' | flowering | Toxic | Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) is individually listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with saponins as the toxic principle. Ingestion of leaves and the showy berries causes vomiting, diarrhoea and depression; the ASPCA classes leaves and berries as low toxicity, but the abundant red berries can tempt pets and children. |
| Wintergreen | Gaultheria procumbens | edible | Mildly toxic | Gaultheria procumbens is not individually listed in the ASPCA database, but contains high concentrations of methyl salicylate — essentially a natural form of aspirin. The berries and leaves are edible for humans in moderation (traditional teaberry flavouring), but the concentrated essential oil is dangerous in small quantities. Cats metabolise salicylates extremely poorly; ingestion of significant amounts of plant material or any wintergreen oil can cause vomiting, metabolic acidosis, hepatic damage, and requires urgent veterinary care. Dogs are also sensitive. Treat as mildly toxic; keep essential oil and concentrated extracts strictly away from all pets. |
| Winter Gem Boxwood | Buxus microphylla var. japonica 'Winter Gem' | houseplant | Toxic | As a Buxus, Wintergreen boxwood falls under the ASPCA listing of boxwood as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The foliage contains steroidal alkaloids (buxine); ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and, in quantity, neurological effects. Bitterness usually limits intake, but prevent pets from chewing plants or fallen clippings. |
| wintersweet | Chimonanthus praecox | flowering | Mildly toxic | Chimonanthus praecox is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its safety for cats and dogs is not confirmed by that authority; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its leaves, seeds and fruit contain the alkaloid calycanthine, documented to cause neurological signs in livestock, so keep pets from chewing the plant. |
| Wintertime prickly heath | Gaultheria mucronata 'Wintertime' | flowering | Toxic | Berries and foliage of Gaultheria mucronata 'Wintertime' contain toxic compounds causing gastrointestinal distress in dogs, cats, and humans. Not individually listed by ASPCA under this cultivar name but the species is widely documented as toxic by horticultural and veterinary authorities. The large white berries are ornamental, not edible. Contact a vet immediately if a pet or child ingests berries. |
| Wire-stem Tylecodon | Tylecodon reticulatus | houseplant | Toxic | All Tylecodon species contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (primarily cotyledoside and tyledosides) that are potent neurotoxic and cardiotoxic compounds. They cause krimpsiekte (contraction disease) in livestock and are dangerous to cats, dogs, and humans. Tylecodon is not individually listed in the ASPCA database (a North American resource focused on common houseplants), but toxicity is well-established in peer-reviewed veterinary literature (NCBI/PMC) and by SANBI. Keep entirely out of reach of children, pets, and grazing animals. |
| Wisley 2008 | Rosa 'Wisley 2008' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed: true roses (Rosa species) are non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The main hazard is mechanical, not chemical, as thorns can injure mouths and paws. Avoid letting pets chew fallen prunings. |
| Wisley gaultheria | Gaultheria × wisleyensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gaultheria species contain methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen), which is toxic to dogs, cats, and people if ingested in quantity. Gaultheria is not individually listed by ASPCA but the genus is well-documented to contain methyl salicylate; treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets. Berries are attractive but should not be eaten by children or animals. |
| Wisley Pearl Gaultheria | Gaultheria × wisleyensis 'Wisley Pearl' | flowering | Toxic | Gaultheria hybrids contain methyl salicylate glycosides (the same toxic principle found throughout the genus). Ingestion by cats or dogs can cause vomiting, gastric irritation, haemorrhage, hepatic damage, and anaemia; cats are at heightened risk due to impaired salicylate metabolism. Berries are ornamental only — do not eat, and keep pets away. |
| Amethyst Falls wisteria | Wisteria frutescens 'Amethyst Falls' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Wisteria as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are lectin and the glycoside wisterin, most concentrated in the seeds and pea-like pods; ingestion causes vomiting (sometimes bloody), diarrhoea and depression, and a few seeds can produce serious signs. Keep pods and seeds well away from pets. |
| Japanese wisteria | Wisteria floribunda | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Wisteria as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are lectin and wisterin glycoside, concentrated in the seeds and pods. Ingestion causes vomiting (occasionally with blood), diarrhoea and depression, and even a few seeds can cause significant illness. Remove and dispose of seed pods where pets or children could reach them. |
| Multijuga wisteria | Wisteria floribunda 'Multijuga' | flowering | Toxic | As a Wisteria floribunda cultivar, it shares the genus's ASPCA-listed toxicity to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are lectin and wisterin glycoside, most concentrated in the seeds and pods, causing vomiting (sometimes bloody), diarrhoea and depression on ingestion. Keep pods away from pets and children, as a few seeds can cause serious illness. |
| Chinese wisteria | Wisteria sinensis | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Wisteria as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are lectin and wisterin glycoside; the seeds and seed pods are the most dangerous parts. Ingestion causes vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhoea and depression, and a small number of seeds can cause serious illness. Keep pods well out of reach of pets and children. |
| white Chinese wisteria | Wisteria sinensis 'Alba' | flowering | Toxic | As a Wisteria sinensis cultivar, it carries the genus's ASPCA-listed toxicity to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principles are lectin and wisterin glycoside, most concentrated in the seeds and pods; ingestion causes vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhoea and depression, and a few seeds can cause serious illness. Keep seed pods out of reach of pets and children. |
| Pallida witch hazel | Hamamelis × intermedia 'Pallida' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Hamamelis is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, so its status is not confirmed by that authority; treat with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe. The astringent tannins concentrated in commercial witch hazel extracts can cause stomach upset if ingested, which supports keeping pets from chewing the plant. |
| Witchgrass | Panicum capillare | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Panicum capillare is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but grasses as a family have no reported toxic principle to dogs or cats. No toxicity concerns have been documented for this species in the horticultural or veterinary literature. |
| Witteberg Cone Plant | Conophytum wittebergense | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Aizoaceae family, which includes the closely related Lithops (confirmed non-toxic by ASPCA), has no known toxic principles reported for pets. Exercise normal caution and keep ingestion to a minimum. |
| Wolf Eyes Kousa Dogwood | Cornus kousa 'Wolf Eyes' | flowering | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Cornus species as non-toxic to dogs and cats. However, the raspberry-like fruits may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in large amounts. The species is generally considered safe around pets; direct ASPCA listing for C. kousa is not individually confirmed. |
| Rootless Duckweed | Wolffia arrhiza | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Wolffia arrhiza is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so a pet-safety claim cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The plant carries no recognised toxic principle (some Wolffia species are even eaten as a vegetable in parts of Asia), but dense surface films can shelter cyanobacteria, so water quality is the practical pet concern. |
| Wollaston's Holly Fern | Polystichum wollastonii | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Polystichum is confirmed non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA (Polystichum falcatum listed as non-toxic on ASPCA database). No toxic compounds are documented for any Polystichum cultivar. P. wollastonii is a cultivar of P. setiferum, which shares the same safe status. |
| Wollemi pine | Wollemia nobilis | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Wollemia does not appear on its toxic or non-toxic lists; treat as uncertain and verify with a vet. The seeds are reportedly edible like those of related Araucaria, but pet safety is unconfirmed by the ASPCA, so it must not be called pet-safe. |
| Wonderful pomegranate | Punica granatum 'Wonderful' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Punica granatum is not listed by the ASPCA as toxic to cats or dogs, and the fruit arils are edible. The rind, bark, and large quantities of fruit can cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets due to tannins, so offer only small amounts of the flesh and keep pets from gnawing the peel or bark. |
| Wonderful Puya | Puya mirabilis | tropical | Mildly toxic | Puya mirabilis is not listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. No confirmed toxic principles are documented for this species. Classified as mildly-toxic in the absence of an explicit ASPCA pet-safe listing; the spined foliage poses a minor physical hazard. |
| Wonderful wax plant | Hoya mirabilis | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Hoya genus is listed as Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Cats, and Non-Toxic to Horses by the ASPCA. As with all plants, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Wonga Wonga Vine | Pandorea pandorana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pandorea pandorana is not individually listed by ASPCA. No well-documented systemic toxin has been recorded for this genus, but ingestion of plant material by pets or children is not recommended as a general precaution. Treat as mildly toxic. |
| Wood Anemone | Anemone nemorosa | flowering | Toxic | All parts contain protoanemonin, a vesicant glycoside that converts to the irritant anemonin on tissue contact. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans if ingested fresh; symptoms include bitter taste, burning and blistering of the mouth and throat, excessive salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in larger doses tremors or seizures. The sap also causes contact dermatitis — wear gloves when handling. Protoanemonin degrades to non-toxic anemonin on drying. Classified as toxic to pets by veterinary sources; keep children and animals away from the plant. |
| Wood Avens | Geum urbanum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Geum (avens) is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA and multiple horticultural sources confirm that avens species are safe for pets and children; ingestion of foliage or flowers does not typically cause harm beyond possible mild stomach upset from eating any plant material in quantity. |
| Wood Club-rush | Scirpus sylvaticus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Scirpus sylvaticus is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Scirpus species (true club-rushes, family Cyperaceae) have no documented toxic principles for cats, dogs, or livestock. Widely used in habitat restoration plantings without any reported harm to wildlife or domestic animals. |
| Golden-scaled male fern | Dryopteris affinis 'The King' | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Dryopteris is not on the ASPCA non-toxic list, and the genus's rhizomes contain filicic acid (filixic acid / filicin) and thiaminase, compounds documented to poison grazing livestock. This cultivar is not individually evaluated by the ASPCA for cats and dogs; treat as mildly toxic, keep pets from chewing it, and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Wood Forget-me-not | Myosotis sylvatica | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Myosotis sylvatica (wood forget-me-not) is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA under Scorpion Grasses / Forget-me-nots. While the genus contains trace pyrrolizidine alkaloids, the levels in Myosotis sylvatica are considered too low to cause observed toxic effects in animals or children. |
| wood melic | Melica uniflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Melica uniflora is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database, and the genus Melica has no specific ASPCA entry, so a pet-safe label cannot be applied with confidence. Treat with caution and verify with a vet. As with grasses generally, the practical concern is mechanical irritation from blades or seed awns rather than known chemical poisoning. |
| Wood melick | Melica uniflora | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Melica uniflora is not listed as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. Considered non-toxic; as with any grass, very large ingestion may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Wood Sage | Teucrium scorodonia | herb | Mildly toxic | Teucrium scorodonia is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, but as a member of the Teucrium genus, which includes species documented to contain hepatotoxic neoclerodane diterpenoids, it is classified mildly-toxic as a precaution. Ingestion in quantity may cause gastrointestinal upset or, theoretically, liver stress; keep pets from chewing the plant. |
| Wood sedge | Carex sylvatica | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Carex species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; Carex sylvatica is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| wood small-reed | Calamagrostis epigejos | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calamagrostis as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no recognised toxic principle. As with any plant, ingestion of large amounts of coarse foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset. |
| Wood Sorrel | Oxalis acetosella | edible | Mildly toxic | ASPCA lists Oxalis species (shamrock plants) as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses due to soluble calcium oxalates. Clinical signs include salivation, vomiting, and in large ingestions, tremors and kidney effects. Culinary use in small amounts by humans is traditional and generally considered safe at low doses (similar oxalate levels to spinach or rhubarb); however, people with gout, kidney stones, or arthritis should avoid it. Never offer to pets. |
| Wood Vetch | Vicia sylvatica | flowering | Mildly toxic | Vicia sylvatica is not individually listed in the ASPCA database. Seeds of Vicia species contain cyanogenic glycosides and other potentially harmful compounds; ingestion of significant quantities by cats or dogs may cause gastrointestinal upset. Mildly-toxic is the appropriate precautionary classification for this genus. |
| Wood's Cotyledon | Cotyledon woodii | houseplant | Toxic | All Cotyledon species contain bufadienolide cardiac glycosides. ASPCA considers Cotyledon toxic to cats and dogs (based on the genus, primarily C. orbiculata). This toxic classification applies to C. woodii. Ingestion may cause vomiting, lethargy, muscle tremors, and cardiac effects. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Wood's Encephalartos | Encephalartos woodii | houseplant | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. All cycads (order Cycadales, including Encephalartos) contain cycasin, mirroring the ASPCA's classification of the sago palm (Cycas) as toxic. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhoea, severe liver failure and neurological signs; seeds are the most poisonous part. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Woodland Sage | Salvia nemorosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia nemorosa is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. The genus Salvia is considered safe; ingestion of foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Woodland Sunflower | Helianthus divaricatus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Helianthus species are not listed as toxic to dogs or cats by the ASPCA. No toxic principles have been identified in Helianthus divaricatus. Safe to cultivate in gardens where pets have access. |
| sweet woodruff | Galium odoratum | herb | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Sweet woodruff contains coumarin, which in large amounts can affect the liver and clotting, particularly in dogs. Risk from casual nibbling is generally low, but because the ASPCA does not confirm it as non-toxic, do not label it pet-safe. |
| Rusty Woodsia | Woodsia ilvensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. It is a true fern (Woodsiaceae/Cystopteridaceae), and the ASPCA notes most true ferns are non-toxic to cats and dogs, so the risk is considered low. Because the species and genus are not individually ASPCA-verified, treat with caution, discourage nibbling, and consult a vet if your pet eats any. |
| Blunt-lobed Woodsia | Woodsia obtusa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA. It is a true fern (Woodsiaceae/Cystopteridaceae), and the ASPCA notes most true ferns are non-toxic to cats and dogs, so the risk is considered low. As the species and genus are not individually ASPCA-verified, treat with caution, prevent nibbling, and verify with a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Giant Chain Fern | Woodwardia fimbriata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Woodwardia fimbriata is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and the genus Woodwardia does not appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list. True ferns are generally regarded as non-toxic, but without explicit ASPCA grounding for this species or genus, treat with caution and verify with a vet; mild gastrointestinal upset is possible if ingested. |
| Jewelled Chain Fern | Woodwardia unigemmata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Woodwardia unigemmata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. It is a genuine fern with no known toxic principle, and true ferns (e.g. Boston fern, bird's nest fern) are generally ASPCA non-toxic; however, because this species is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat it with caution and verify with a vet before assuming it is pet-safe. |
| Woolly bear begonia | Begonia leptotricha | tropical | Toxic | The ASPCA lists the Begonia genus as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The toxic principle is soluble calcium oxalates (most concentrated in the underground parts), causing oral burning, irritation, hypersalivation, and vomiting on ingestion. |
| Woolly Foxglove | Digitalis lanata | herb | Toxic | All parts of Digitalis lanata are highly toxic to humans, pets (cats, dogs, horses), and livestock. Contains cardiac glycosides (especially lanatoside C, the precursor to digoxin) which cause vomiting, diarrhea, severe cardiac arrhythmias, and can be fatal even in small amounts. The ASPCA lists Digitalis (foxglove) as toxic. Wear gloves when handling; wash hands thoroughly afterward. |
| woolly heliconia | Heliconia vellerigera | tropical | Mildly toxic | Heliconia vellerigera is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database for cats or dogs. The genus Heliconia is not among established pet-toxic plant groups and is related to bananas (Musaceae), which are considered non-toxic. However, since explicit per-species ASPCA clearance is absent for this species, a mildly-toxic precautionary classification is applied. Contact with the dense woolly hairs on the inflorescence may also cause minor skin irritation in sensitive individuals. |
| Woolly Jerusalem sage | Phlomis lanata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phlomis lanata is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. Due to the absence of confirmed safety data for this species, it is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution; consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Woolly lavender | Lavandula lanata | herb | Toxic | ASPCA lists Lavandula spp. as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Toxic principles are linalool and linalyl acetate, which cause nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. |
| Woolly Lip Fern | Cheilanthes tomentosa | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Cheilanthes tomentosa is not individually assessed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database, and no toxic principle has been formally documented for this genus. As a precaution for unlisted species, it is classified as mildly-toxic. Consult a vet if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Woolly Rock Jasmine | Androsace lanuginosa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Androsace lanuginosa is not individually listed by ASPCA. The genus Androsace (family Primulaceae) contains no documented toxic principles and is considered non-toxic to dogs and cats based on family characteristics and horticultural literature. |
| Woolly Senecio Rose | Echeveria 'Doris Taylor' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echeveria is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Blue Echeveria and Echeveria elegans appear on the ASPCA non-toxic list), so this hybrid is regarded as pet-safe. Despite the misleading 'Senecio' nickname it is a true Echeveria, not a toxic Senecio. Minor stomach upset is still possible if chewed. |
| Woolly Sinningia | Sinningia canescens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Sinningia speciosa (Gloxinia) as non-toxic to both cats and dogs; Sinningia canescens belongs to the same genus and Gesneriaceae family with no known toxic principles recorded. |
| Woolly Thyme | Thymus pseudolanuginosus | herb | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Thyme (Thymus) is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Note that concentrated thyme essential oil is a separate concern, but the growing plant is safe to have around pets. |
| Woolly yarrow | Achillea tomentosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | As an Achillea species, A. tomentosa contains sesquiterpene lactones and achilleine, which can cause contact dermatitis and gastrointestinal upset in pets and sensitive people. ASPCA lists Achillea millefolium as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses; treat this species with equal caution. The woolly foliage reduces palatability to grazing animals. |
| Wooly-leaf White Sapote | Casimiroa tetrameria | tropical | Toxic | As with Casimiroa edulis, the seeds, bark, and foliage of C. tetrameria contain sedative alkaloids. Seeds are considered toxic if consumed raw by animals or humans in quantity. Ripe fruit flesh is consumed without reported harm, but all other plant parts should be kept away from pets. Not individually listed by ASPCA; exercise caution and contact a veterinarian if a pet ingests seeds or plant material. |
| Worcester Pearmain | Malus domestica 'Worcester Pearmain' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Apple (Malus species) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The fruit flesh is safe, but the stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that can liberate cyanide when wilting foliage or crushed pips are chewed, causing brick-red gums, dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, panting and shock. Keep prunings and dropped fruit from pets. |
| worcesterberry | Ribes divaricatum | edible | Mildly toxic | Ribes divaricatum is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; Ribes (gooseberries and true currants) carry no recognised systemic toxin and the fruit is edible to people, but eating plant material may cause mild stomach upset in cats and dogs. Treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than asserting it is pet-safe. Note: true Ribes currants are unrelated to toxic dried-grape 'Zante currants'. |
| absinthe wormwood | Artemisia absinthium | herb | Toxic | Artemisia absinthium contains thujone and absinthin. ASPCA lists Artemisia as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; large ingestions can cause vomiting, seizures, and liver damage. Decorative use only. |
| Worplesdon Sweetgum | Liquidambar styraciflua 'Worplesdon' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Liquidambar styraciflua is not individually listed as toxic by the ASPCA. However, the spiky seed balls can cause physical injury or intestinal obstruction if swallowed by pets, and the resinous sap may cause mild skin or gastrointestinal irritation. Classified as mildly-toxic out of caution; seek veterinary advice if significant ingestion occurs. |
| Wrinkled Elatostema | Elatostema rugosum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Elatostema rugosum is in the Urticaceae family, which has no documented toxic principles for companion animals. The genus Elatostema is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the family has no known alkaloids, oxalates, or other compounds associated with pet toxicity. No poisoning reports found in veterinary literature. |
| Wulfen's Alyssum | Alyssum wulfenianum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Alyssum wulfenianum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. As a member of the genus Alyssum (Brassicaceae), it has no documented toxic principle for dogs or cats; the family is generally non-toxic to pets. |
| Wych Elm Bonsai | Ulmus glabra | flowering | Mildly toxic | Ulmus glabra is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database, and there is no genus-level ASPCA ruling for elms. Treat it as uncertain rather than pet-safe; discourage chewing of foliage and verify with a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Xalapa Sage | Salvia xalapensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia species are listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Xalapa Sage is considered safe in pet-friendly households. |
| Xanadu | Thaumatophyllum xanadu | houseplant | Toxic | Thaumatophyllum (formerly Philodendron) is covered by the ASPCA's Philodendron listing as toxic to cats and dogs. Its tissues contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed. Keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingested. |
| Lime Zinger Elephant Ear | Xanthosoma sagittifolium 'Lime Zinger' | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA lists Xanthosoma (under the common name Malanga) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals; chewing causes intense oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Raw leaves, stems and tubers are all irritant. Keep away from pets and children. |
| variegated tannia | Xanthosoma sagittifolium 'Albomarginatum' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Xanthosoma sagittifolium cultivar (malanga/tannia), it carries the same ASPCA toxic status as the species — toxic principle insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, causing oral irritation, intense burning of mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Variegation does not reduce toxicity; keep away from pets and children, and handle sap with care. |
| dark green tannia | Xanthosoma atrovirens | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Xanthosoma elephant ear (tannia), it falls under the ASPCA toxic classification for the malanga/tannia group; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, causing oral irritation, intense burning of mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Raw parts are unsafe to pets and people; any edible corms are safe for humans only after thorough cooking. |
| belembe | Xanthosoma brasiliense | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Xanthosoma as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, causing oral burning, drooling and vomiting. For people, raw leaves are an irritant; the young leaves are edible only after thorough cooking, which breaks down the oxalates. |
| angel wings | Xanthosoma lindenii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Xanthosoma elephant ear it falls under the ASPCA toxic classification for the tannia/malanga group; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, causing oral irritation, intense burning of mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Despite the gentle name angel wings, keep it away from pets and children; sap also irritates skin. |
| mafaffa | Xanthosoma mafaffa | edible | Toxic | ASPCA lists Xanthosoma (malanga / cocoyam / arrowleaf elephant ear) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. All raw parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing oral burning, drooling and vomiting. The corms and leaves are edible for people only after thorough cooking, which breaks down the oxalates; never feed any part raw to pets. |
| Mexican elephant ear | Xanthosoma robustum | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Xanthosoma elephant ear, it falls under the ASPCA toxic classification for tannia/malanga and the elephant-ear aroid group; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, causing oral irritation, intense burning of mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children; sap also irritates skin. |
| malanga | Xanthosoma sagittifolium | edible | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists Malanga (the standard common name for Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as toxic with insoluble calcium oxalates as the toxic principle; signs include oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Raw corms and leaves are unsafe for pets and people; edible for humans only after thorough cooking. |
| blue taro | Xanthosoma violaceum | edible | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. As a Xanthosoma (tannia/malanga) elephant ear, it falls under the ASPCA toxic classification for this group; the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate raphides, causing oral irritation, intense burning of mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Raw parts are unsafe to pets and people; corms are edible for humans only after thorough cooking. |
| Yakushima rhododendron | Rhododendron yakushimanum | flowering | Toxic | As a Rhododendron species, Rhododendron yakushimanum contains grayanotoxins and is listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Ingestion can cause vomiting, drooling, weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and potentially life-threatening toxicity. All parts of the plant are considered toxic. |
| Yak Rhododendron | Rhododendron yakushimanum 'Yaku Princess' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats, dogs, and horses per the ASPCA, which lists Rhododendron/Azalea as toxic. All parts contain grayanotoxins; ingestion causes drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and at larger doses cardiac arrhythmia, collapse, and possible death. Treat any ingestion as a veterinary emergency. |
| Asparagus bean | Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis | edible | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, so genus status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet. As a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), the mature dried seeds contain lectins and antinutrients and should be cooked before eating; raw beans can cause digestive upset in pets. Young cooked pods are the usual edible form. Keep dried seed away from pets. |
| yarrow | Achillea millefolium | herb | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The toxic principles are glycoalkaloids (achillein), monoterpenes and sesquiterpene lactones (achillin); ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, colic, drooling, anorexia, dermatitis and depression. Keep pets and livestock from grazing it. |
| Moonshine yarrow | Achillea 'Moonshine' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, causing increased salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, and dermatitis due to achilleine and other compounds; this hybrid shares Achillea parentage and should be treated as toxic to pets. |
| Yellow Archangel | Lamium galeobdolon | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lamium galeobdolon is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the species is in the Lamiaceae family which generally has low toxicity. Some sources note mild gastrointestinal irritation is possible if large quantities are ingested by pets. Treat with caution; consult a vet if significant ingestion occurs. |
| yellow azalea | Rhododendron luteum | flowering | Toxic | Rhododendron luteum is toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans. All parts of the plant contain grayanotoxins, consistent with the ASPCA's listing of Rhododendron species as toxic to dogs and cats. Symptoms of ingestion include excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness, and potentially life-threatening cardiac effects. Honey derived from its nectar has caused human poisoning ('mad honey' incidents in Turkey and the Caucasus). |
| Yellow Baby Toes | Fenestraria rhopalophylla subsp. aurantiaca | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Fenestraria rhopalophylla is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant list and is considered non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. No harmful chemical compounds are documented in the genus. As with any succulent, consumption of leaf material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| Yellow Barrenwort | Epimedium x versicolor 'Sulphureum' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Epimedium x versicolor 'Sulphureum' is not individually listed by ASPCA. Epimedium species contain icariin and flavonoid glycosides that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or people. Not associated with life-threatening toxicity, but ingestion should be avoided. |
| Yellow Birch | Betula alleghaniensis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula alleghaniensis is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plants database. Birch species are not known to contain compounds toxic to dogs or cats. The wintergreen-scented twigs are not harmful if chewed. |
| greater bladderwort | Utricularia vulgaris | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Utricularia is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plants database, so its status is unverified. As an aquatic plant pets rarely ingest it, but absence from the ASPCA list means it cannot be called pet-safe — treat as uncertain, keep the water out of pets' reach, and consult a vet if ingested rather than assuming it is harmless. |
| Yellow Clintonia | Clintonia borealis | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Clintonia borealis is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Note that the blue berries are considered inedible and mildly unpleasant for humans, though they pose no confirmed serious toxicological risk to pets. |
| Yellow Bush Lily | Clivia miniata var. citrina | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA (listed as Clivia / Clivia lily). The toxic principles are lycorine and related Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, concentrated in the bulb-like base; ingestion causes vomiting, drooling and diarrhoea, with tremors, low blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias possible in large amounts. |
| Yellow Cone Plant | Conophytum flavum | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Conophytum flavum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the genus Conophytum (family Aizoaceae) has no reported toxic principles to dogs or cats, and Lithops — the closest common relative — is explicitly listed as non-toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic compounds have been documented in Conophytum. |
| Yellow coneflower | Echinacea paradoxa | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Echinacea is listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses by the ASPCA. Large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Echinacea's immune-stimulating properties mean it should not be given medicinally to pets with autoimmune conditions. |
| Yellow Crocus | Crocus flavus | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Crocus (Iridaceae) species cause mild gastrointestinal upset — drooling, vomiting, diarrhea — in pets if ingested, per Pet Poison Helpline. ASPCA does not individually list Crocus flavus but classifies spring Crocus spp. as causing only mild GI signs. Keep pets away as a precaution; consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Yellow Doll watermelon | Citrullus lanatus 'Yellow Doll' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is not on the ASPCA toxic plant list, and ripe yellow flesh is generally safe for dogs and cats in small amounts. Offer flesh only; rind and seeds can cause stomach upset or blockage. Because it is not individually ASPCA-listed, treat it as a moderation treat. |
| Yellow dragon fruit | Selenicereus megalanthus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus), the closely related dragon-fruit cactus, as Non-Toxic to cats and dogs. Selenicereus megalanthus belongs to the same epiphytic dragon-fruit group and is regarded as non-toxic; the ripe fruit is widely eaten. Spines on some stems can still cause physical injury. |
| Yellow Episcia | Christopheria xantha | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | No separate ASPCA listing exists for Christopheria xantha; the closely related genus Episcia is listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses by the ASPCA. Treat with equivalent caution; large quantities of any plant material may cause mild digestive upset. |
| Yellow fairybells | Prosartes lanuginosa | flowering | Mildly toxic | Prosartes lanuginosa is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database. As a member of the former Liliaceae alliance with fleshy berries, veterinary precaution is warranted; the related genus Disporum and similar woodland lilies have the potential to cause gastrointestinal upset in pets. Until confirmed safe, treat as mildly toxic and prevent ingestion by cats and dogs. |
| Yellow Fawnlily | Erythronium rostratum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium is not listed as a toxic genus by the ASPCA, which explicitly identifies it as a non-dangerous member of the lily family (unlike Lilium and Hemerocallis). Bulb sap may cause contact dermatitis. No confirmed toxic principle for pets; classified mildly-toxic rather than pet-safe as an abundance-of-caution measure. |
| yellow foxglove | Digitalis grandiflora | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to dogs, cats and horses. The ASPCA classifies foxglove (Digitalis) as toxic; all parts contain cardiac glycosides (including digitoxin) that disrupt heart function. Signs include vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, weakness, abnormal heart rate and rhythm, and in severe cases cardiac failure and death. Keep pets away and seek veterinary care on ingestion. |
| Yellow Gentian | Gentiana lutea | flowering | Mildly toxic | Gentiana lutea is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The plant contains concentrated bitter iridoid glycosides — particularly gentiopicrin and amarogentin — that give it its medicinal bitterness and may cause gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) in pets if ingested. Treat as mildly toxic. Note: the leaves closely resemble toxic Veratrum album (white hellebore) — correct identification before cultivation is safety-critical. |
| Yellow germander | Teucrium flavum | herb | Mildly toxic | Teucrium flavum is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Like other Teucrium species, it contains neo-clerodane diterpenoids, which have been documented as hepatotoxic in humans via herbal preparations of related species. Ingestion by cats or dogs may cause gastrointestinal irritation or, in larger amounts, potential liver stress. Classified as mildly toxic; keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingestion occurs. |
| Yellow Gesneria | Gesneria citrina | tropical | Mildly toxic | Gesneria citrina is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant database. The Gesneriaceae family as a whole has no widely reported toxic principle, and many close relatives (Episcia, Nematanthus, Streptocarpus) are confirmed ASPCA non-toxic. However, as no individual ASPCA entry exists for this genus, keep out of reach of pets and children as a precaution. |
| Yellow Giant Hyssop | Agastache nepetoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Agastache species are not individually listed by the ASPCA but belong to Lamiaceae, a family with no reported toxic principles. No toxic constituents have been identified for A. nepetoides. Consult a vet if significant quantities are ingested. |
| yellow ginger lily | Hedychium flavum | tropical | Mildly toxic | Hedychium flavum is not individually listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic. As with other members of the Hedychium genus, the rhizomes and sap contain irritant compounds that can cause gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, drooling, reduced appetite) in cats and dogs if ingested. Classified as mildly toxic on a precautionary basis. |
| Yellow Glacier Lily | Erythronium grandiflorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium grandiflorum is not specifically listed on the ASPCA Toxic Plant database, but the genus is noted in some pet-poison references as causing gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhoea) if ingested, particularly from the bulb. Given the conflicting evidence and the safety-critical nature of the classification, it is treated as mildly toxic. Keep pets away from corms especially. |
| Yellow Groove Bamboo | Phyllostachys aureosulcata | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys aureosulcata is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True bamboos have no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Yellow Heron's Bill | Erodium chrysanthum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erodium chrysanthum is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic Plants database (neither confirmed toxic nor confirmed non-toxic). As a precautionary classification, mildly-toxic is assigned until a definitive ASPCA or veterinary authority assessment is available. Contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435 if a pet ingests this plant. |
| Yellow horned poppy | Glaucium flavum | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Glaucium flavum contain isoquinoline alkaloids, principally glaucine, which is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea), central nervous system depression, sedation, and ataxia. The milky sap also irritates skin and mucous membranes. Contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) or a vet immediately if a pet has ingested any part of this plant. |
| Yellow Ice Plant | Delosperma nubigenum | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA lists Ice Plant (Lampranthus piquet, family Aizoaceae — the same family as Delosperma) as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. Delosperma nubigenum has no reported toxic principles. Classified as pet-safe. |
| Yellow Jaboticaba | Myrciaria glazioviana | tropical | Mildly toxic | Myrciaria glazioviana is not individually listed by ASPCA. The ripe fruit pulp is consumed by humans with no reported toxicity; however, the hard seeds pose a choking hazard. The Myrtaceae family has no known toxic principle for this genus, but out of caution avoid allowing pets to ingest large quantities of seeds or unripe fruit. |
| Yellow Latan Palm | Latania verschaffeltii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Latania verschaffeltii is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but the Arecaceae (palm) family has no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. No toxic compounds have been reported for this genus. |
| Yellow Loosestrife | Lysimachia punctata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Lysimachia punctata is not individually listed by ASPCA as toxic, but the Primulaceae family (which includes Lysimachia) contains saponins that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets or humans. Treat with caution; keep away from dogs and cats prone to chewing plants. |
| Yellow Marliac Water Lily | Nymphaea 'Marliacea Chromatella' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nymphaea cultivars, including 'Marliacea Chromatella', are confirmed non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidance on the Nymphaea genus. Distinct from true lilies (Lilium) — do not confuse with Lilium taxa, which are severely toxic to cats. |
| Yellow Mombin | Spondias mombin | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Spondias mombin (Yellow Mombin) is not individually listed by ASPCA. The Spondias genus belongs to Anacardiaceae; while some family members (e.g. poison ivy) are toxic, Spondias fruit is widely consumed by humans and wildlife without reported systemic toxicity. No known toxic principles for companion animals have been documented, but the hard seed pit poses a choking and intestinal blockage hazard. The skin and flesh are considered non-toxic. |
| Yellow Monanthes | Monanthes icterica | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Monanthes icterica is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Within Crassulaceae, some genera (e.g. Kalanchoe, Crassula) contain compounds harmful to pets, while others (e.g. Echeveria, Sedum) are considered safe. No specific toxic principle has been documented for Monanthes, but out of caution keep away from pets and consult a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| yellow monkeyflower | Mimulus guttatus | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Mimulus guttatus is not listed on the ASPCA toxic plant database, and plant databases including PFAF report no known toxic principles. Not individually confirmed by ASPCA as non-toxic, but no toxic compound has been identified in this species; the genus has no reported history of pet toxicity. Treat as low-risk but apply normal caution — consumption of any garden plant may cause mild GI upset. |
| Mann's Phalaenopsis | Phalaenopsis mannii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phalaenopsis (moth orchids) are not on the ASPCA toxic list and are broadly regarded as ASPCA non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic principle is reported. The most likely effect of chewing is mild, temporary digestive upset; verify with a vet if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Yellow Mountain Heath | Phyllodoce glanduliflora | flowering | Mildly toxic | Phyllodoce glanduliflora is not listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. As an Ericaceae species related to genera known to contain grayanotoxins, and without a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precautionary measure. Keep pets away from the plant and contact a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Yellow Mountain Saxifrage | Saxifraga aizoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Saxifraga species have no known toxic principles for cats, dogs, or horses; Saxifraga stolonifera is confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA. Saxifraga aizoides is not individually listed by ASPCA, but belongs to the same genus and has no reported toxic compounds. Pet-safe classification is consistent with genus-level evidence. |
| Yellow Mussaenda | Mussaenda luteola | tropical | Mildly toxic | Mussaenda luteola is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The Mussaenda genus (Rubiaceae) has no confirmed severe toxic principle and multiple sources suggest it is non-toxic. However, without an explicit ASPCA listing, and given that some Rubiaceae relatives (e.g., Gardenia) are listed as mildly toxic, caution is appropriate. Keep away from pets; contact ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) if your pet ingests any part of this plant. |
| Yellow Oleander | Thevetia peruviana | tropical | Toxic | All parts — leaves, flowers, seeds, roots, and milky sap — contain cardiac glycosides (thevetin A and B, peruvoside, neriifolin) that inhibit sodium-potassium ATPase in cardiac muscle. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and humans; ingestion of even one seed can cause life-threatening arrhythmia, vomiting, and cardiac arrest. Note: Thevetia peruviana is a synonym of Cascabela thevetia; the accepted name in current taxonomy is Cascabela thevetia. Seek emergency medical attention immediately if any part is ingested. |
| Yellow passion fruit | Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa | tropical | Mildly toxic | Passiflora edulis is not individually listed in the ASPCA database (the ASPCA 'purple passion vine' entry is Gynura aurantiaca, a different plant). The vine's leaves, immature fruit and rind can contain cyanogenic glycosides; unripe fruit and foliage should be considered unsafe for pets, so treat with caution and verify with a vet. Fully ripe pulp is eaten by people. |
| Yellow Pimpernel | Lysimachia nemorum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. Lysimachia species are reported to contain saponins that may cause gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, diarrhoea) in cats and dogs if consumed; classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution. |
| Trumpet pitcher | Sarracenia flava | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Sarracenia is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the closely related California pitcher plant Darlingtonia californica, in the same family Sarraceniaceae, is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and no toxicity is reported for trumpet pitchers. Pitcher fluid contains only weak digestive enzymes and may cause minor stomach upset if chewed. Treat as low-risk; keep out of reach and consult a vet if a pet ingests pitcher fluid. |
| Yellow prairie wild indigo | Baptisia sphaerocarpa | flowering | Toxic | Baptisia species contain quinolizidine alkaloids, principally cytisine, throughout all plant parts. These alkaloids act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and can cause excessive salivation, anorexia, muscle tremors, abdominal pain, increased heart rate, vomiting, and depressed respiration in dogs and cats. The inflated dry seed pods used in floral arrangements can attract curious pets — keep arrangements out of reach. Contact a veterinarian immediately if ingestion is suspected. |
| All Gold raspberry | Rubus idaeus 'All Gold' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses (Rubus genus, per the ASPCA Creeping Rubus / strawberryleaf raspberry entry). Fruit and foliage are safe, though large quantities may cause mild GI upset and prickles can scratch. |
| Yellow Rattle | Rhinanthus minor | flowering | Mildly toxic | Rhinanthus minor is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic Plant database. It contains iridoid glycosides (rhinanthin, aucubin) that have shown mild toxicity in livestock ingestion studies; treat as mildly toxic to cats and dogs and prevent ingestion. No severe poisoning events in companion animals are on record, but caution is warranted given the glycoside content. |
| Yellow Trillium | Trillium luteum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Trillium luteum is not individually listed by the ASPCA. Like related Trillium species, the roots and berries are considered the potentially irritating parts, with the toxic principle unconfirmed but possibly involving steroidal saponins. Keep pets and children from ingesting any part of the plant. Contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control if ingestion occurs. |
| Yellow Trout Lily | Erythronium americanum | flowering | Mildly toxic | Erythronium americanum corms and leaves may cause vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested in quantity by humans or pets. The ASPCA does not specifically list this species, but members of the Liliaceae family can cause gastrointestinal upset. This species is not in the true lily (Lilium) genus and does not carry the nephrotoxic risk lilies pose to cats, but caution is advised. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Yellow Trumpet Creeper | Campsis radicans 'Flava' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campsis radicans is reported to cause mild dermatitis (contact skin irritation) in some people. The ASPCA lists Campsis radicans as toxic to dogs and cats, causing mild gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation. Wear gloves when pruning. Keep pets from chewing foliage. |
| Yellow Trumpet Vine | Anemopaegma chamberlaynii | tropical | Mildly toxic | Anemopaegma chamberlaynii is not individually listed by ASPCA. It belongs to the Bignoniaceae family, which is generally considered low in toxicity (ASPCA lists the related genus Jacaranda as non-toxic). No specific toxic compounds have been documented for this species, but as it is not formally assessed, treat with caution around pets and children. |
| Yellow Trumpetbush | Tecoma stans | tropical | Mildly toxic | Tecoma stans is not individually listed on the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic plant databases. The genus belongs to Bignoniaceae, a family generally regarded as low-toxicity (ASPCA lists Jacaranda/Caroba as non-toxic). Some sources note mild contact dermatitis from sap in sensitive individuals. Out of caution, treat as mildly toxic and keep away from pets and children until confirmed otherwise. |
| Yellow Water Lily | Nymphaea mexicana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nymphaea genus water lilies, including N. mexicana, are listed as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses per ASPCA guidelines. However, this species is listed as invasive in several countries (Australia, South Africa); check local regulations before planting in open water systems. |
| Yellow Whitlow Grass | Draba aizoides | flowering | Mildly toxic | Draba aizoides and the genus Draba do not appear on the ASPCA Toxic or Non-Toxic Plant database. As a Brassicaceae (mustard family) plant it contains glucosinolates that can cause mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in quantity; classified as mildly-toxic pending authoritative ASPCA listing. |
| Yellow Whitlowgrass | Draba aizoides | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Draba aizoides (Brassicaceae) has no reported toxic principles. The genus and family are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Glucosinolates present in all Brassicaceae are mildly deterrent but not clinically toxic at typical plant-contact levels for pets. |
| yellow wild indigo | Baptisia sphaerocarpa | flowering | Toxic | Baptisia is not on the ASPCA's individual toxic-plant list, but the genus contains quinolizidine alkaloids including cytisine and is widely treated as toxic to dogs and cats. Reported signs include vomiting, GI upset, weakness, and rapid heart rate. Keep pets from chewing it and verify with a vet if ingested. |
| Yellow Wood Anemone | Anemone ranunculoides | flowering | Toxic | All parts of Anemone ranunculoides contain protoanemonin — a toxic irritant glycoside. Fresh plant material is harmful to dogs, cats, horses, and humans if ingested; symptoms include mouth and throat burning, blistering, excessive salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, and in serious cases blood-tinged urine or tremors. The sap also causes skin and eye irritation (contact dermatitis) — wear gloves when handling. Protoanemonin degrades on drying and is non-toxic in dried material. Toxic to pets; keep children and animals away from the plant. |
| Yellow Woodland Violet | Viola pubescens | flowering | Mildly toxic | Viola pubescens is not individually listed by the ASPCA. The wider Viola genus, including pansies (V. tricolor var. hortensis), is generally regarded as non-toxic or of very low toxicity to pets. However, Viola roots and seeds contain low levels of saponins and alkaloids (violine) that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in quantity. Treat as mildly toxic out of caution; not expected to cause serious harm from casual contact. |
| Yellow-Bracted Nidularium | Nidularium billbergioides | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Nidularium billbergioides is in Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This species is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic principle is known for Nidularium and ASPCA bromeliad guidance supports a pet-safe classification. |
| Yellow-cup Pitcairnia | Pitcairnia xanthocalyx | tropical | Mildly toxic | Pitcairnia xanthocalyx is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database. Some Pitcairnia species are reported to contain saponin-like compounds that may cause mild oral irritation and gastrointestinal discomfort if ingested by cats or dogs. In the absence of a confirmed ASPCA non-toxic listing, mildly-toxic is the conservative and appropriate classification; seek veterinary advice if a pet ingests plant material. |
| Yellow-flowered sage | Salvia flava | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Salvia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. S. flava is not individually listed by the ASPCA but belongs to the non-toxic Salvia genus; ingestion is unlikely to cause harm beyond mild, transient gastrointestinal upset in pets. |
| Yellow-scaled Tylecodon | Tylecodon luteosquamatus | houseplant | Toxic | All Tylecodon species contain bufadienolide toxins including cotyledoside and related compounds that are potent neurotoxins. They cause krimpsiekte (paralysis) in livestock and are dangerous to dogs, cats, and humans if ingested. The genus is not individually listed by the ASPCA but is well-documented as severely toxic in veterinary toxicology. Keep strictly away from pets and children. |
| Yellow-spike peperomia | Peperomia xanthostachya | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA consistently lists Peperomia species as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with no identified toxic principle. Ingestion of large quantities of foliage may cause mild, transient gastrointestinal discomfort from plant fibre, but no specific toxin is present. |
| yellow-twig dogwood | Cornus stolonifera 'Flaviramea' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cornus stolonifera cultivars, including 'Flaviramea', are considered non-toxic to dogs and cats. Cornus is not listed by the ASPCA as a toxic plant. As with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Yellow-White Maxillaria | Maxillaria luteoalba | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Maxillaria luteoalba belongs to Orchidaceae, a family the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This specific species is not individually catalogued by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for the genus. |
| Yellow-wort | Blackstonia perfoliata | flowering | Mildly toxic | Blackstonia perfoliata is not listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant database. Because its safety for cats and dogs cannot be confirmed from authoritative sources, it is classified here as mildly-toxic as a precaution. Consult a vet if a pet ingests any part of the plant. |
| Yellowish Miltonia | Miltonia flavescens | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miltonia flavescens belongs to Orchidaceae, listed by ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. This species is not individually catalogued by ASPCA, but no toxic principles are known for Miltonia. |
| Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow | Brunfelsia pauciflora | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA individually lists Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow (Brunfelsia species, family Solanaceae) as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with the toxic principle brunfelsamidine. All parts are poisonous and the berries are the most dangerous; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors and seizures lasting several days, so keep it well away from pets. |
| Japanese Yew Bonsai | Taxus cuspidata | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Yew (Taxus spp.) as toxic to cats and dogs; the toxic principle is taxine alkaloids, with signs including muscle tremors, difficulty breathing, seizures, and sudden death from acute cardiac failure. All parts except the fleshy red aril are dangerous, so keep clippings and the plant away from pets. |
| Yokosca Lady Fern | Athyrium yokoscense | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Athyrium yokoscense belongs to the family Athyriaceae. No toxic principles are documented for this genus in dogs or cats. The PFAF database notes some ferns contain thiaminase, but this enzyme is destroyed by cooking and poses no practical risk to pets from incidental contact or minor ingestion. Athyrium is not individually listed by ASPCA, but no toxic compounds are known for this genus. |
| Yokosuka Lady Fern | Athyrium yokoscense | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Athyrium yokoscense is not individually listed by the ASPCA. General cautions for the Athyrium genus note that many ferns contain thiaminase and some may contain unspecified carcinogens (per PFAF); until individually evaluated by ASPCA, a mildly-toxic classification is the appropriate precaution. |
| Yoshino cherry | Prunus × yedoensis | flowering | Toxic | Flowering cherry (Prunus) is ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides that release cyanide, with wilting foliage the most dangerous. Although grown purely as an ornamental, fallen leaves and prunings carry the same risk of poisoning — brick-red gums, dilated pupils, panting, difficulty breathing and shock. Keep pets from chewing leaves and prunings. |
| Young's Weeping Birch | Betula pendula 'Youngii' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Betula species are not listed as toxic by ASPCA for dogs, cats, or horses. The genus has no established toxic principle in the plant itself; processed birch-derived xylitol (commercial sweetener) is a separate product not naturally concentrated in garden trees. |
| youngberry | Rubus caesius × fruticosus 'Youngberry' | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Rubus genus is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (ASPCA lists Creeping Rubus as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses). Berries, leaves, and canes are not poisonous; watch only for thorn injuries and mild digestive upset if a pet eats a lot of fibrous foliage. |
| spineless yucca | Yucca elephantipes | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Yucca as toxic to cats, dogs and horses due to steroidal saponins. Symptoms include vomiting and drooling. Leaf tips are also physically sharp on some varieties. |
| Yukon Gold potato | Solanum tuberosum 'Yukon Gold' | edible | Toxic | The ASPCA lists potato (Solanum) as toxic to cats and dogs. The green parts, foliage, sprouts and any green-skinned tubers contain solanine, a glycoalkaloid causing vomiting, drooling, lethargy, weakness and slowed heart rate. Properly cooked, fully ripe tubers are food; raw green or sprouted potato and the plant itself are not safe for pets. |
| Yulan magnolia | Magnolia denudata | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Magnolia denudata is in the genus Magnolia, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to dogs and cats. Yulan magnolia is not associated with toxic compounds in companion animals. |
| Yunnan Cypress | Cupressus duclouxiana | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cupressus duclouxiana is not individually listed by ASPCA, but the Cupressus genus has no reported toxic principles for dogs, cats, or horses. Based on family-level evidence, this species is considered non-toxic to pets; no poisoning cases are documented. |
| Yunnan Dwarf Palm | Trachycarpus nanus | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The Trachycarpus genus is classified as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. Ingestion of foliage is unlikely to cause more than minor gastrointestinal upset. |
| Za Baobab | Adansonia za | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Adansonia za is in family Malvaceae and is not documented as toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA. No recognised toxic compounds have been identified in the genus. Fruit and leaves of multiple Adansonia species are consumed as food by humans without recorded companion-animal harm. |
| Zahn's Guzmania | Guzmania zahnii | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Guzmania (family Bromeliaceae) is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to dogs and cats. No toxic alkaloids or irritant compounds are present in this genus. |
| Zamia Fern | Bowenia serrulata | tropical | Toxic | Bowenia serrulata is a cycad containing macrozamin and related azoxy glycosides — severe hepatotoxins. All parts are toxic to dogs, cats, livestock, and humans, with seeds being most concentrated. Ingestion can cause vomiting, liver failure, and neurological damage. Immediate emergency veterinary care is essential. |
| Loddiges' zamia | Zamia loddigesii | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA specifically lists cycads (Cycas and Zamia spp.) as toxic; Zamia loddigesii contains cycasin and macrozamin. All parts, with the highest toxin levels in the seeds, can cause vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, liver failure and death. Keep away from pets and contact a vet immediately if any part is eaten. |
| Zamia Palm | Macrozamia riedlei | tropical | Toxic | Macrozamia riedlei contains macrozamin and cycasin — potent hepatotoxic and neurotoxic azoxy glycosides. All parts are toxic to dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, and humans. Seeds (red arillate) have historically caused mass livestock poisoning events. Known to cause 'zamia staggers' in cattle. Any suspected ingestion requires immediate emergency veterinary treatment. |
| coontie | Zamia pumila | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists cycads (including coontie/Zamia) as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is cycasin, plus BMAA and an unidentified neurotoxin; seeds are most concentrated and 1-2 can be fatal. Signs: vomiting, dark stools, increased thirst, jaundice, liver failure. Keep well away from pets and children. |
| Roezl's zamia | Zamia roezlii | tropical | Toxic | ASPCA classifies cycads, including Zamia, as toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The toxic principle is cycasin (plus BMAA and a neurotoxin), causing vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, jaundice and potentially fatal liver failure; seeds are especially dangerous. Treat the whole plant as hazardous to pets and people. |
| Black Star calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Black Star' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout the plant; chewing causes oral and lip irritation, burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. |
| Captain Safari calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Captain Safari' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Calla lily (Zantedeschia) contains insoluble calcium oxalates; biting the plant releases sharp raphides causing intense burning and irritation of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of reach of pets. As a calla, not a true Lilium, it does not cause the lethal kidney failure that true lilies pose to cats. |
| Captain Tendens calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Captain Tendens' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA-listed as toxic to cats and dogs. Calla lily (Zantedeschia) contains insoluble calcium oxalates; chewing releases sharp raphides that cause intense oral burning and irritation of the mouth, tongue and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep well away from pets. Note this is not a true lily, so it does not cause the kidney failure that Lilium poses to cats. |
| Captain Violetta calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Captain Violetta' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) in all parts; chewing releases them, causing oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Crystal Blush Calla Lily | Zantedeschia 'Crystal Blush' | flowering | Toxic | ASPCA lists Zantedeschia (Calla Lily / Arum Lily) as toxic to cats and dogs. Note it is NOT a true lily, so it does not cause the fatal kidney failure of Lilium/Hemerocallis in cats; instead the toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, causing oral burning, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets and children. |
| Edge of Night calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Edge of Night' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates; chewing any part releases raphide crystals causing oral and lip burning, intense drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Note this is gastrointestinal irritation, not the kidney toxicity of true lilies. |
| Flame calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Flame' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic to cats and dogs. The toxic principle is insoluble calcium oxalates; chewing releases raphide crystals that cause oral irritation, burning, drooling and vomiting. Unlike true lilies it does not cause kidney failure, but it should still be kept away from pets and children. |
| Hot Chocolate calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Hot Chocolate' | flowering | Toxic | The ASPCA lists calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic to cats and dogs. All parts contain insoluble calcium oxalate raphides; chewing causes oral burning, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. This is irritant toxicity, distinct from the renal toxicity of true lilies, but still warrants keeping the plant away from pets. |
| Mango calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Mango' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in all parts; when chewed, the raphides cause oral burning, irritation of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Picasso calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Picasso' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in all parts; chewing releases needle-like raphides that cause oral burning, irritation of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Schwarzwalder calla lily | Zantedeschia 'Schwarzwalder' | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout the plant; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| spotted-leaf calla lily | Zantedeschia albomaculata | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in all parts; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Golden Calla Lily | Zantedeschia elliottiana | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic, with insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) as the toxic principle. Chewing releases needle-like crystals causing oral pain and burning, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Despite the name, it is not a true Lilium and lacks the kidney toxicity of true lilies, but remains a significant oral irritant. |
| pleasant calla | Zantedeschia jucunda | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA lists calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout the plant; chewing releases raphides that cause oral burning, irritation of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep out of pets' reach. |
| Pentland's calla | Zantedeschia pentlandii | flowering | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. The ASPCA classifies calla lily (Zantedeschia) as toxic because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in all parts; chewing causes oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, tongue and lips, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Keep away from pets. |
| Zanzibar croton | Codiaeum variegatum 'Zanzibar' | tropical | Toxic | Toxic to cats and dogs. Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) is listed as toxic by the ASPCA and Pet Poison Helpline; the milky sap contains diterpene esters that irritate the mouth and digestive tract. Ingestion can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, and oral or skin irritation. The sap may also irritate human skin. |
| Zaragoza Ceratozamia | Ceratozamia zaragozae | tropical | Toxic | All parts of Ceratozamia zaragozae contain cycasin and BMAA neurotoxin, consistent with all Zamiaceae cycads. Ingestion by dogs, cats, or people causes severe vomiting, acute liver and neurological damage, and may be fatal. The seeds are particularly dangerous. ASPCA classifies cycads as severely toxic. This plant must be kept entirely away from pets and children at all times. |
| Zebra Grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Zebrinus' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Miscanthus sinensis 'Zebrinus' is not individually listed by ASPCA on their toxic or non-toxic plant databases. No toxic principles are known for the genus. Sharp leaf margins can mechanically irritate mouths if chewed in quantity. Consult a veterinarian if a pet ingests a large amount. |
| Zebra plant | Aphelandra squarrosa | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA individually lists the zebra plant (Aphelandra squarrosa), under the name "Saffron Spike Zebra," as non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. Even so, nibbling foliage can still cause mild stomach upset, so it is best kept out of pets' reach. |
| Zebra Plant | Goeppertia zebrina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses: the genus appears as "Calathea spp." (Marantaceae), and the ASPCA "Prayer Plant" entry (Calathea insignis) explicitly names "Zebra Plant" among its common names, both non-toxic. The species is not on the ASPCA's toxic list, but eating large amounts of foliage may still cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset, so verify with your vet if a pet shows symptoms. |
| Zebra Plant Calathea | Calathea zebrina | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | The ASPCA lists Calathea (Calathea spp., family Marantaceae) as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses; the ASPCA 'Prayer Plant' entry also explicitly names 'Zebra Plant' among its common names. Eating large amounts of foliage may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset, so verify with your vet if a pet shows symptoms. |
| Dania zebra plant | Aphelandra squarrosa 'Dania' | tropical | Mildly toxic | Aphelandra squarrosa is not individually listed by the ASPCA, and its genus is not on the ASPCA toxic-plant database, so a safe label cannot be confirmed; treat it as uncertain, keep it out of reach of pets and verify with a vet before assuming it is safe to nibble. |
| Zebra Temple Bells | Smithiantha zebrina | houseplant | Mildly toxic | Smithiantha zebrina is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic or non-toxic database. The Gesneriaceae family has no widely reported toxic principle and many relatives are confirmed ASPCA non-toxic, but individual species data is absent for this genus. Keep away from pets and small children as a precaution. |
| zebra grass | Miscanthus sinensis 'Zebrinus' | flowering | Mildly toxic | Miscanthus sinensis is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is uncertain; treat with caution and verify with a vet rather than labelling it pet-safe. As with all ornamental grasses, the realistic hazard is mechanical, sharp blades and barbed seed awns that can cut or lodge in a pet's mouth, eyes, or ears. |
| Zecher's Air Plant | Tillandsia zecheri | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Tillandsia zecheri belongs to Bromeliaceae, which the ASPCA lists as non-toxic to cats and dogs. No toxic compounds have been documented in the Tillandsia genus. |
| zedoary | Curcuma zedoaria | herb | Mildly toxic | Curcuma zedoaria is not individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database. Some veterinary sources note that concentrated curcuminoids can cause gastrointestinal upset and, at high doses, potential liver stress in cats and dogs. Until authoritative ASPCA confirmation is available, this plant is classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution — keep pets away from rhizomes and consult a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected. |
| Zephirine Drouhin | Rosa 'Zephirine Drouhin' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses; all true Rosa species are classified non-toxic. As a near-thornless cultivar it poses even less mechanical hazard than typical roses, and chewed foliage causes at most mild GI upset. |
| Zespri Gold Kiwi | Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' | edible | Mildly toxic | Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' is not specifically listed as toxic by ASPCA. As with green kiwi, the fruit, leaves, and skin can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs, particularly due to the actinidain enzyme and trace oxalic acid. The fruit is safe and nutritious for human consumption. Treat as mildly toxic to pets and keep vine foliage and fallen fruit out of reach of animals. Seek veterinary advice if substantial ingestion occurs. |
| Zigzag Bamboo | Phyllostachys flexuosa | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Phyllostachys flexuosa is not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. True bamboos have no known toxic principles to cats, dogs, or horses. |
| Zigzag Clover | Trifolium medium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Trifolium species are generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs; white clover (T. repens) is confirmed non-toxic by the ASPCA. T. medium shares the same genus and no toxic principles have been identified for this species. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals. |
| zigzag goldenrod | Solidago flexicaulis | flowering | Mildly toxic | True Solidago goldenrods are NOT individually listed in the ASPCA Toxic/Non-Toxic database; the ASPCA's 'Rayless Goldenrod' entry refers to a different genus (Haplopappus heterophyllus, toxic to horses), so it does not apply here. Because pet status for Solidago flexicaulis is unconfirmed by the ASPCA, treat with caution and verify with a vet; ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. |
| Zigzag Iris | Iris brevicaulis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Iris species are listed by the ASPCA as toxic to dogs and cats. Rhizomes contain the highest concentration of irisin and iridin (terpenoids), which cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and drooling if ingested. Leaf and petal ingestion also causes gastrointestinal upset. Consult a vet if a pet chews any part of the plant. |
| common zinnia | Zinnia elegans | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia is listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs. |
| Giant zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Benary's Giant' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Zinnia species, family Asteraceae). No toxic principles are listed; ingestion of large amounts may cause mild, self-limiting stomach upset only. |
| Profusion zinnia | Zinnia × hybrida 'Profusion' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses (Zinnia species, family Asteraceae). No toxic principles are listed; at most, eating a large quantity may cause mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset. |
| Benary's Giant Coral Zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Benary's Giant Coral' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Nibbling may cause mild, transient stomach upset in pets but the plant is not poisonous. |
| Profusion Cherry Zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Profusion Cherry' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. At most, nibbling causes mild, short-lived stomach upset; the plant is not poisonous. |
| Zahara Starlight Rose Zinnia | Zinnia elegans 'Zahara Starlight Rose' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Ingestion may cause only mild, temporary digestive upset; the plant is not poisonous. |
| Old Mexico Zinnia | Zinnia haageana 'Old Mexico' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zinnia is ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats, dogs and horses. Ingestion may cause only mild, transient GI upset; the plant is not poisonous. |
| Wild Rice | Zizania aquatica | edible | Mildly toxic | Zizania aquatica is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status cannot be confirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. Its grain is a traditional human food and waterfowl staple, but with no ASPCA classification for cats and dogs a pet-safe claim is not asserted. |
| Manchurian Wild Rice | Zizania latifolia | edible | Mildly toxic | Zizania latifolia is not individually listed on the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database, so its pet status is unconfirmed; treat with caution and verify with a vet. The swollen stem base is a common human vegetable in Asia, but absent an ASPCA classification for cats and dogs no pet-safe claim is made. |
| Zois's bellflower | Campanula zoysii | flowering | Mildly toxic | Campanula species are generally listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA; no specific entry exists for C. zoysii. Classified as mildly-toxic as a precaution since ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Zombie Palm | Zombia antillarum | tropical | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zombia antillarum belongs to the Arecaceae family, which has no toxic principles identified by ASPCA. The species is not individually listed on the ASPCA database, but no toxic compounds are known for this genus. The physical hazard comes from the extremely sharp trunk spines, not chemical toxins. |
| Amazonian zomicarpella | Zomicarpella amazonica | tropical | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by the ASPCA, but Zomicarpella belongs to the Araceae (aroid) family and is expected to contain the insoluble calcium oxalate raphides the ASPCA cites across aroids. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. Treat with caution as toxic, keep away from pets, and verify with a vet if ingestion is suspected. |
| Zoys's Bellflower | Campanula zoysii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Campanula species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. No toxic principles are reported for this genus in veterinary literature; considered non-toxic to pets. |
| courgette | Cucurbita pepo | edible | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Cucurbita species are not listed as toxic by the ASPCA. Rare bitter fruits caused by cucurbitacin should not be eaten by people or pets. |
| Japanese Variegated Lady Palm | Rhapis excelsa 'Zuikonishiki' | houseplant | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Lady Palm, Rhapis excelsa, is on the ASPCA non-toxic list; this named cultivar shares that status). Fibrous foliage may cause mild stomach upset if eaten in quantity, so still discourage chewing. |
| Zulu Spurflower | Plectranthus zuluensis | flowering | Mildly toxic | Not individually listed by ASPCA. Foliage contains aromatic essential oils; the high essential oil content makes leaves unpalatable to most animals and insects, but ingestion may cause mild vomiting or gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs. Consult a vet if a pet consumes a significant amount. |
| Artur Elle Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum 'Artur Elle' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As an Orchidaceae (Zygopetalum) hybrid, 'Artur Elle' falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic orchid classification; chewing may cause only mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, and fertiliser or pesticide residue on the plant is the more realistic hazard. |
| Blue Eyes Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum 'Blue Eyes' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | A true orchid hybrid with no known toxic principle. The ASPCA classifies orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs (Phalaenopsis is the listed reference) and notes no orchid known to poison cats. Zygopetalum is not individually listed by the ASPCA but shares the family's benign chemistry; treat the family-level non-toxic stance as the basis. Chewing may still cause mild GI upset, and pesticide or fertiliser residue on the leaves is the real concern. |
| Fragrant Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum 'Redvale' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | Zygopetalum is not individually listed by the ASPCA, but the ASPCA classes Phalaenopsis and Jewel orchids as non-toxic to cats and dogs, and cultivated orchids of this type follow that non-toxic pattern. Considered pet-safe; the realistic hazard is pesticide or fertiliser residue rather than the plant, so rinse foliage, and chewing may still cause mild stomach upset. |
| Titanic Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum 'Titanic' | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As an Orchidaceae (Zygopetalum) hybrid, 'Titanic' falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic orchid classification; ingestion may cause only mild, temporary gastrointestinal upset, while fertiliser or pesticide residue on the foliage is the more realistic risk to a pet. |
| Intermediate Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum intermedium | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As an Orchidaceae species, Zygopetalum intermedium falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic orchid classification; ingestion may cause only mild, temporary stomach upset, while any fertiliser or pesticide residue on the foliage is the more realistic risk to a pet. |
| MacKay's Zygopetalum | Zygopetalum mackaii | flowering | Pet-safe (no ASPCA toxic principle listed) | ASPCA-listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs. As a member of the Orchidaceae family, Zygopetalum mackaii falls under the ASPCA's non-toxic orchid classification; chewing may cause only mild, transient gastrointestinal upset, and fertiliser or pesticide residue on the plant is the more realistic hazard. |
| Zygopetalum orchid | Zygopetalum spp. | flowering | Mildly toxic | Zygopetalum is not individually listed in the ASPCA toxic/non-toxic plant database, and no Zygopetalum-genus member appears on it; the orchids ASPCA does clear as non-toxic (Phalaenopsis, Cattleya labiata, Brazilian orchid/Sophronitis) are different genera, so a clean genus cannot be confirmed. While Orchidaceae is broadly regarded as low-risk, treat Zygopetalum conservatively as potentially mildly toxic, keep it out of reach of pets, and verify with your vet before assuming it is safe. |
| Zanzibar gem | Zamioculcas zamiifolia | houseplant | Toxic | ASPCA lists Zamioculcas zamiifolia as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalates. Symptoms include oral irritation, drooling and vomiting. |
| Lucky ZZ Plant | Zamioculcas zamiifolia 'Lucky' | houseplant | Toxic | As a cultivar of Zamioculcas zamiifolia, 'Lucky' is toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA because of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes oral irritation, drooling, vomiting and pawing at the mouth; site away from pets. |
| Raven ZZ Plant | Zamioculcas zamiifolia 'Raven' | houseplant | Toxic | The ASPCA lists Zamioculcas zamiifolia (ZZ plant) as toxic to cats and dogs due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral irritation, intense drooling, pawing at the mouth and vomiting; wash hands after handling. |
| Variegated ZZ Plant | Zamioculcas zamiifolia 'Variegata' | houseplant | Toxic | Being a cultivar of Zamioculcas zamiifolia, 'Variegata' is toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Chewing causes oral pain, drooling, vomiting and swelling; keep out of reach of pets. |
| Zenzi ZZ Plant | Zamioculcas zamiifolia 'Zenzi' | houseplant | Toxic | As a cultivar of Zamioculcas zamiifolia, 'Zenzi' is toxic to cats and dogs per the ASPCA owing to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion causes mouth irritation, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing; keep away from pets and children. |
Methodology
Toxicity ratings and the per-species detail are taken from species records cross-checked against the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database (the standard US small-animal reference) plus US university extension services. "Pet-safe" means no toxic principle is listed for cats or dogs by the ASPCA — it is not veterinary advice, and any ingestion that causes symptoms warrants a call to a vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center.
Sources
- ASPCA — Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database (aspca.org)
- US Cooperative Extension System plant fact sheets
Last verified 2026-05-15.
License & citation
This dataset is published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. You may reuse it commercially or non-commercially with credit. Suggested attribution:
Plant-toxicity reference table compiled by Growli (getgrowli.app), CC-BY 4.0, from the ASPCA Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants database and US extension services. Not veterinary advice.
For an academic or journalistic reference, cite this dataset as:
Growli editorial team (2026). Plant toxicity dataset [Data set]. Growli. https://www.getgrowli.app/data/plant-toxicity (CC-BY 4.0).
Version 1.0 · last verified 2026-05-15 · permanent URL https://www.getgrowli.app/data/plant-toxicity
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